Prisoners and a hot skirmish hapned between the Kings party and Essex's men near Causum Bridge wherein the former was worsted and obliged to retâ—â—â—t with some loss and in May divers sâ—â—â—mishes with various success hapned in the West between Sir Ralph Hopton who commanded there for the King and Sir Geo. Chudleige for the Parliament though the former for the most part had the advantage nor did Hostilities cease in other parts for in June divers skirmishes hapned between Prince Rupert and Essex the most material of which was in Chalgrave-field in Oxford-shire where the Prince furiously charging a body of the Parliament Horse routed it killing and wounding a great part of the Enemy and amongst the latter John Hambden who soon after dyed of his Wound as did some others and on the fifth of July Sir Ralph Hopton with a few Forces of the Kings under his Command engaged Sir William Waller who had double his number maintaining the fight from two in the Afternoon till about one the next Morning whereupon Waller perceiving him resolved to obtain the Victory or dye in the place left the field yet soon after being ashamed of the retreat he followed Sir Ralph to the Devises in Wilt-shire whither he was marched with a Resolution to set upon him of which the King having notice sent 1500 Horse from Oxford where he lay encamped to his assistance but upon the Comjunction Waller not thinking it convenient to try the event in that place drew off to Roundway-down but being hotly charged he was in a short time broken and disordered whereupon with his Horse he fled in great Confusion leaving his foot to the mercy of the Royallists who were most of them slain in the fight or taken Prisoners together with four pieces of Cannon all the Amunition and Baggage nine Cornets and 28 foot Colours so that by this fatal blow given on the 13th of July Waller having lost his Army most of the Horse deserting him in his flight he hasted to London with the lamentable story of his defeat Essex by this time with a powerful Army having relieved Glocester and surprized a Convoy of the Kings which fell into his hands through mistake marched to Newberry where the King remained as yet with his Army and had prepared to receive him in the best order the short time of notice would give leave or opportunity so that on the 20th of September 1643 both Armies confronting each other the charge was immediately sounded and seconded by the thundring of the Cannon and Vollies of small shot on either side whilst Prince Rupert with his Squadron forced the main battel and put it into great disorder but whilst he pursued his good fortune he found himself charged by two squadrons of Horse that descended from the Hill where till now they had been posted so that the fight was doubtful and bloody on all parts it being in many places brought to the Sword so that the Lord Jermin who commanded there a Regiment of horse for the King being over charged by number was obliged to force his way not without great hazard through the Battalions of foot yet was the fight maintained with considerable slaughter on either part till Night put an end to the fury both Armies keeping the field till the next day and then retired from each other as by consent The Persons of Note slain were the Earls of Carnarvan and Sunderland the Lord Viscount Faulkland and in all on both sides near six thousand In March Sir Thomas Fairfax and Mitton were set upon by Prince Rupert at Drayton in Shropshire and routed as likewise was Sir John Meldrum who had entred England with his Scotch Forces in favour of the Parliament forced to leave Newark which they had besieged with the loss of their Canon Ammunition and all their Baggage which was Relieved by Prince Rupert and only permitted to depart with their Lives But now Sir William Waller having gotten another Army Anno 1644 fell upon the Lord Hopton's Forces near Winchester at unawares and over-pow'ring him in number cut off divers of his men and obliged him to leave the field whereupon Winchester surrendred but Waller was soon after overthrown by the King's forces at Crop-ready Bridg and Essex with the gross of the Parliament Army blocked up in Cornwall and now the Earl of Newcastle being besieged in York Prince Rupert advanced with an Army of Horse and Foot to Relieve the City upon whose approach the Besiegers drew off and were upon their retreat hotly pressed and charged by a Sally from the Town when the Garrison under the command of the Earl joyning with the Prince they with conjunct Forces followed the Parliament forces to a place called Marston-Moor where both Armies drew up and with great sury joyned battel which continuing with much effusion of bloud for the space of four hours victory in the end declared against the Royalists and in this fight called by many the bloudy fight of Marston-Moor 9000 men on both sides are computed to be slain after which battel York surrendred and almost all the Towns in the North so that for a while nothing but Skirmishes happened But on the 27 of October both Armies meeting a second time near Newbury an obstinate fight ensued but the Royalists having done all that could be expected from true valour and still oppressed with fresh numbers of the Enemy were forced in the end to give way to necessity and leave the field in some disorder nor is it guessed that on both sides less than 4500 were slain after which nothing more happened in England this year but the skirmishing of Parties and taking of Towns and Castles but in Scotland the Marquess of Montross with inconsiderable forces raised by virtue of a Commission from the King routed divers Armies of the Covenanters putting all Scotland in fear of being Reduced to its obedience by his Prowess Anno 1645 Essex having laid down his Commission it was taken up by Sir Thomas Fairfax and Cromwel was made Lieutenant General most of the prime Officers of the Army being changed yet the King's party strugled strongly for the Royal cause though many finding things in a manner desperate had retired from the Army and passed the Seas for besides divers skirmishes Collonel Massey in April was routed by Prince Rupert at Lidbury with considerable loss But in June following the King's forces were defeated at Langport where about 200 were slain and 1400 taken Prisoners which occasioned soon after the surrender of Pomfret Scarborough Bath and Bridgwater yet in August the Parliaments Quarters with some slaughter on both parts were beaten up about Tame and the Scots defeated at Kielsieth in Scotland by Montross and in September Montross was defeated at Phillipphaugh in the said Kingdom and the King's forces in England were Routed on Routon heath near Chester and in October the Lord Digby was likewise defeated at Sherborn in the County of York and in March following the Lord Ashley was
THE Souldiers Companion OR MILITARY GLORY Display'd In a True and Impartial Description of all the Memorable Battels and Fights by Land and Sea c. That have been fought in Europe Asia Africa and America for upwards of Six hundred Years deduced from the Conquest of England by the Normans Anno 1066 to the last fight in Hungary Anno 1687. Wherein is contained the manner of marshalling Armies and Fights of divers Nations the Policies and Stratagems of Emperours Kings Princes and great Captains of several Ages together with their Success or Misfortunes on sundry Occasions drawn and collected from the most Authentick Histories and Relations Antient and Modern c. To which is added Seasonable Advice to young Souldiers and Officers c. Together with the Art of Gunnery and preparing Artificial Fire-works for War or Recreation with other things and Matters necessary to be known on the like Occasion By J. S. Timidi nunquam statuerunt Tropaeum Mars Dubius victorque cadit victusque resurgit Qui fugit Huic merito nulla corona datur LONDON Printed for Nath. Ponder at the Peacock in the Poultrey 1688. LICENSED And Entred according to Order THE PREFACE TO THE READER READER it frequently appears by the Histories of all Nations that Military Glory has not only taken up the Thoughts but the Business of the most Illustrious part of Men in courting which they have not only spared to expose themselves to all the hazards and dangers imaginable but pressing on even beyond the sense of danger have performed to their immortal Fame such Heroick Enterprises and Actions as have shaken the belief of many into the highest degree of Incredulity especially such as have received them upon bare report naked and unadorned with the many Circumstances that attended them wherefore I have thought it highly convenient at this juncture to restore if possible their belief by giving them a true Relation of the many famous Battels and Sea-Fights that have been fought under the leading of Emperours Kings Princes and Great Captains the most expert of their times in Warlike Discipline with their various Success and Fortune Nor may it serve less to incite or inflame the Valiant where a Just cause offers an Invitation Precedents of this Nature always being attended with powerful Motives to stir up even the Pusilanimous at least to conceive a generous esteem of great Atchievements and kindle in Heroick Minds a restless Flame not to be extinguished but by Death Themistocles that Noble Graecian whose Fame reaches to the end of Time having seen the Triumph of Miltiades for a Victory he had obtained could not as the story of him goes sleep but became altogether restless till he found Opportunity to enter upon a command wherein he became the Bulwork and Glory of his Country and it is reported of the Great Julius Caesar first Emperour of Rome that whilst he was but in a low Station seeing the Statue of Alexander the great and being sensible what vast Kingdoms and Countries that Monarch had subdued and brought under his Subjection in a short spaoe he wept because being equal to him in years himself had not arrived at his Perfection and thereupon ceased not till he made almost all the then known World at his Devotion nor of this kind is he who was truly stiled the delight of Mankind and the Honour of our English Nation the wise and valiant Sir Philip Sidney to be omitted who reports of himself That hearing the Ballad of the fight between the Earls Piercy and Dowglass sung but by a common Chanter it raised in him such a desire of Martial Enterprises that he from that time coveted nothing more than to signalize his Valour in the Field which afterward became to his immortal Fame the wonder of the Christian World. Nor does this Treatise consist only of Battels c. but of the Policies Stratagems and Practices of the most Expert and Renowned Generals and Captains whereby they secured themselves in a retreat circumvented the Enemy or obtained the Victory To which a Scheme of Military Behaviour is added c. with the most material matters and things appertaining to Engenry especially as to what relates to Gunnery and Artificial Fire works c. with somewhat that refers to Fortification by which even the unlearned may have an insight into that great and curious Art and Mistery and be made sensible at once of the danger and advantage that attendâ— it which insight if it be his fortune to seek for Honour in the Field c. may greatly profit the Reader or if otherwise he will at least get this advantage by it to know in his Retirement what otherâ— have sought for not without effusion of Blood through innumerable hazards and dangers And so hoping it will prove advantageous not being perverted to a sinister end I humbly take leave to subscribe my self Reader Your devoted Friend and Servant J. S. ADVERTISEMENT REader be pleased to take notice that the Battel of Alcazar is by an unhappy Mistake placed out of due order and ought to have followed the Battel of St. Quintines after Page Folio 134. A POEM Recommended to the Reader upon the Perusal of the Book intitled The Souldiers Companion c. By a Person of Quality IF Fame and Martial Glory you affect Reader what more than 's here can you expect Or if you 'd know what in days past was doneâ— This Book informs you how much Fame was won How by their Valour Heroes got Renown How never-fading Laurels wreath'd their Crown And rising Monarchs grasp'd a lasting Throne Or won vast kingdoms to augment their own How Nations felt a sudden change of State And Fortune's treacherous smiles perceiv'd too late How Princes set in Blood how Armies fell How Plains with might heaps of Ruine swell How Rivers with a Crimson Torrent rise How th' Victors shouts and how the vanquish'd's crys Pierce thinner Air and rend the blushing Skies How clashing Arms a horrid discord bray And Earth-born Thunders cloud the Lamp of day How Iron Globes with Death pave all their way Whilst angry Vollies bellow'd o're the Plain And made it seem but one great Field of Flame Here you may count the number of the slain Or see the yielding Souldier on his Knee Begging for Life from 's enrag'd Enemy See others nobly bold maintain a fight And in despair to conquer take delight More in a noble death than slavish flight See those in rout cast every way their Arms Whilst hot pursuit their rear with slaughter storms Sad sights you 'l say but he who War will court Must steel his Heart and think the Danger Sport Yet safely you may sit and view a Sceen That fatal has to bleeding Nations been Nor is this all in it more things you 'l find That may more please a weak and tender mind Though it for Heroes chiefly was design'd With Magick Flame it treats the God of War And new created Fires adds to his Star. THE Souldiers
or attempt to hinder his Passage when at Bachichich he mustered his Forces and found them to consist of 800000 Horse and Foot of divers Nations and there he gave them general Pay not having suffered any of them to do the least Outrage or Injury to the People or their Goods through the Country they had passed The News of whose Approach coming to Bajazet as he lay at the Siege of Constantinople he rise and with his whole Power passed into Asia happily as the Tarter wished who would have been otherwise much put to it for Conveniency to transport so great an Army nor had Bajazet failed with a small Fleet to have prevented it However whilst Tamerlane was passing the Euphrates and taking the great City of Sabastia Bajazet joyned his Lieutenant in Asia so that their united Forces made no less than 500000 effectual men when meeting with the Governour oâ— Sabastia whom Tamerlane had sent to acquaint him with the Subversion of that City he demanded which was the greater Army he having seen both to which after craving pardon if speaking according to his Judgment he should offend That doubtless Tamerlane's must needs be the greatest seeing he was Lord of far greater Countries at which Bajazet laughing said to those that stood by Out of doubt the sight of the Tartars have made this Coward so afraid that he believes every one to be two The Armies by this time being come within sight of each other upon the large Plains of Sennas it was not thought by either General convenient to joyn Battel that Evening by reason the Day was far spent but to stand upon their Guard till the next Morning though several Skirmishes passed between the Turkish Avaunt-guard and the Parthean Horsemen in which a Turkish Officer being taken and carried before Tamerlane he caused him to be dismissed with a Command to tell his Master That now he was come to meet him in the Field as he had desired and that he might the better know him he should find him fighting under the Green Standard The Morning being come and either Army standing in Battel-array the charge was sounded whereupon the Wings began to move with great speed whilst the Prince of Ciracan Tamerlain's Lieutenant and Kinsman with 40000 Horse gathered in Parthia and Media charging the Avaunt-guard with great fury pierced the main battel and put the Janizaries into disorder But the Prince entering too far amongst their Ranks was slain and his squadron in the end over-borne whereupon Axalla with his squadron composed of Sciths and Parthians with such fury charged the Turks left Wing that cutting down all that opposed him he stopped not till he faced the Battalion of the Janizaries at what time the foot-men came to joyn him yet so valiantly did the Janizaries stand to their Arms in the middle of whom was the Person of their King that the fight continued bloody and doubtful for the space of an hour or more all the place being paved with dead Men and Horses till the Tartars overcharged gave ground which Tamerlain perceiving sent 10000 Horse to reinforce them and other 10000 to fight in the Rear ward whilst his foot-men fell on with the Turk main battel that was as yet unshaken and forcing their way opened a Passage to the Rear-ward of the Janizaries who sustaineâ— their charge for a considerable time buâ— being in the end over-power'd by number they were obliged to give ground when Tamerlain coming on with a Reserve of 50000 fresh Horse and charging through the Horsemen that covered the main battel of the Turks and the Foot-men already wearied and tired out making but weak resistance many of their prime Commanders being slain they were on all sides miserably beaten down by the Horsemen who with their Maces Poll-axes and Scimiters entering their Ranks made great slaughter so that losing Courage and Power to resist they betook themselves to flight and amongst them Bajazet wounded in his endeavouring to restore the battel who together with his Son Musa fell into the hands of Axalla as also did the Despot of Servia who were presented to Tamerlain Nor is it held by many thar had not the Subjects of the Mahometan princes press'd to the War â—n divers parts of Asia the less perceived â—heir natural Lords under the Tartars Banâ—er and in the heat of the fight gone over â—o them the Victory had gone with the Turks However in this fight which lasted â—om seven in the Morning till four in the Evening 80000 Tartars and 120000 Turks â—re computed to be slain and amongst the â—ormer of note only the Prince of Ciracan who was slain at the beginning of the fight and amongst the latter Mustapha Bajazets eldest Son with divers Bassa's and the Agâ— of the Janizaries And it is further confirmed that when Bajazet being a Prisoner was brought before Tamerlane that he askeâ— him the reason that moved him to War againâ— so noble a Prince as the Greek Emperour without any cause given to which he replyed Even the same Cause that moved you to invaâ— me viz. The desire of Glory and Sovereigmâ— And why said the Tartar Prince do you 〈◊〉 such Tyranny over those you Conquer withâ— respect of Sex or Age That did I said hâ— to give the greater Terror to my Enemies Aâ— Ah continued Tamerlane What would yâ— have done with me if it had been your Fortâ—â— to have had me in your Power I would saâ— Bajazet boldly replying as not conqueâ—â— though overcome Have put you in an Iâ—â— Cage and as a Trophy of my victory hâ—â— carried you throughout my Dominions Thâ— said Tamerlane It is but just that I serve 〈◊〉 in the like kind and thereupon commaâ—â—ing him out of his Presence a cage by 〈◊〉 Order was made for him in which he continued till in a desperate Mood he beat 〈◊〉 Brains out against the Bars of it And 〈◊〉 though Tamerlain pursuing this Victorâ—â— won all that which the Turks held in 〈◊〉 rope and most of that in Asia yet he dyâ—â— Mahomet Bajazets Son recovered it in few years by Policy and Force Thus we behold how fickle Fortunes Wheel Plays Tricks with mighty Ones and lets them feel How soon from th' top of Empire she can thrust Monarchs and lay their Glory in the Dust A Description of the Battel of Azin-Court sought in France between Henry the Fifth King of England c. and the Dolphin of France c. on the Plains near Azin-Court c. KING Henry the Fifth coming to the Crown after the Death of Henry the Fourth his Father and being of a Martial Spirit began to consider how by some great Exploit he might leave a Name and thereupon considering that Normandy Guien Aquitain and Anjou were the rightful Inheritances of the Kings of England and had without any just Cause been wrested from his Predecessors during the Intestine Troubles of this Kingdom he sent Ambassadors to Charles the French King to demand them but not only being denied it
but some Affronts put upon him he sent Antelop his Pursuvant at Arms with Letters of defiance and having discovered and escaped a Conspiracy against his Life laid by the Contrivance of the French who had promised several of his Nobles a Million of Gold to effect his Death he embarked with his Army for France and landed at Harflew in Normandy where he had Burdeaux and many Towns of Note put into his Hands in which he left Garrisons and placed in them English Artizens with small Resistance which made him resolve to pass through the Countries of Caux and Ewe to his Town of Calais though his Army consisted of no more than 13000 Foot and 2000 Horse and so set forward with easie Marches the Country in his way being all destroyed before him for the French having notice of what he intended had not only removed the Forrage and Provisions but destroyed and brake down the Bridges fell'd Trees and plashed Woods in the way he was to take raising in the mean time great Forces in all parts of the Country as not doubting but they had him and his Army at their Pleasure and indeed for want of Necessaries and by reason of the Difficulties the Soldiers were forced to struggle with many oâ— them in a short time became sick and infirm so that the King finding himself in a strait began to repent him that he had so far advanced into the Enemies Country as knowing should he now retreat he must fight his way wherefore he made some Overtures to the French Generals proposing to surrender several Towns he had taken in Normandy but they rejected these Propositions with Derision as not doubting but himself and them together with his small Army wherein were many of the English Nobility would be at their disposal and so confident were they herein that the three Generals viz. The Dolphin the Dukes of Burgundia and Orleans had conditioned and agreed amongst themselves for the Prisoners and Spoils and with their huge Army consisting of 150000. Horse and 10000 Foot many of the former being the Nobility and Gentry of the Kingdom who hoped to win Honour in such as they thought it an assured Enterprize they advanced apace so that King Henry a Man of an undaunted Courage seeing no way but to fight disposed his Army to the best Advantage placing in the front a competent number of Archers who carried beside their Bows and Swords long Stakes pointed with Iron to fix in the Ground slauntwise that when they retired they might secure them against the Horse And in a Meddow with a convenient Ditch to defend it he placed as in an Amubush five hundred Archers who lay within half shot of the French Wing whilst in the main Battel stood the men at Arms and the Horse divided into two Squadrons were to charge as advantage gave them Opportunity And now whilst the French who covered the Country were advancing in three main Battels as to assured Victory the King with a moving Oration exhorted his Captains and Souldiers For the Honour of their Country and their own safety not to faint but stand to it manfully and confiding in the justness of their Cause not to despair of Victory nor should for his part let France see him a Captive or England be put to the Charge of his Ransom as being resolved to dye with Honour if things came to Extremity And so the Charge being sounded the thick squadrons of the French who scarcely had room for an orderly march came furiously on and were when within shot met by a flight of English Arrows which gauling their Horses and dismounting divers of their Chiefs command was given to press on and come to a close fight thereby to frustrate the Archers of the use of their Bows at what time a furious charge being given the Archers retreated a few Paces and left bare a triple tire of pointed Stakes which till that time they had covered upon which the French Horse-men rushing a great number of their Horses were gored and sticking as it were altogether disabled barrocaded the English Army from the approach of the rest so that not only the Archers in the front continued to pour in their shot but likewise those in the Meadow that flanked the squadron of the Right Wing began incessantly to deliver their shafts which in a short time wrought such Confusion that the French finding no place to retire amongst the thick Ranks that still pressed on and wedged as it were each other in began to fall into disorder many of them disranking as not being able to manage their wounded Horses nor could their Foot conveniently advance to their relief so that the men of Arms breaking in with great fury and the English Horse charging their Right Wing a miserable slaughter ensued nothing but death and flight being seen on their part throughout the field whilst the King himself distinguished by a Crown he wore on his Helmet fought courageously piercing their main Battel forcing his Horse over heaps of the slain which the Duke of Alanso who commanded on that part perceiving broke through the formost rank in a desperate manner and charged with his Sword so forcibly that with the blow he bruised the Kings Crown and made him a little recoil but the King soon advancing gave him such a stroke as beat him to the Ground at which time he cryed out he was Alanso and begged for quarter notwithstanding which and though the King laboured to save him he was there slain and now the French began to retire in great disorder nor was it in the power of the Commanders to restore the battel which advantage the English perceiving had the Execution of them with such a fearful slaughter that it is reported by divers Historians and some of them their own that no less that 4000 Noble-Men Knights and Esquire were slain together with 100000 of the meaner sort though all agree the French lost 60000 in that defeat and so many Prisoners many of them of the first Rank were taken that the King fearing upon fresâ— Troops showing themselves upon the Hills which were indeed come too late to the battel as not hearing of the overthrow thaâ— being more in number than his own men if the French reinforced should rally anâ— come to another tryal they might fall upon his Rear in the battel caused them all except some of the Chief to be slain â—thâ— which although it was a bloody Sentencâ—â— yet Self-preservation at that time made it State Policy And soon after this Victory which he ascribed to God alone the King had not only Paris put into his Hands but Marrying Catharine Daughter to Charles the French King he was Crowned King of France in Reversion and possessed himself of all the Cities and Towns of that Kingdom except a few the Dolphin held out against him in Berry Nor did this Glorious Victory cost the English much Blood there being not above 2500 slain and of Note only Edward Duke of
Scots entered England as far as Durham when King Edward preparing to meet them marched to York and there making a halt sent the Lord Montacute to oppose and hinder their further Progress but being encountered on Hedgly Moor by the Lords Hungerford and Ross together with Sir Ralph Peircey he after a sharp dispute took Sir Ralph Prisoner which success incouraged him to pass on and give battel to King Henry who lay encamped at Hexam where both Armies striving to do their utmost devoir a bloody conflict ensued but many being slain and much blood spilt divers of the Commanders wounded and disabled and taken Prisoners Victory declared against King Henry who finding himself unfortunate in War fled into Scotland in this battel 5600 were slain and the Duke of Somerset with three other Lords and one Knight taken Prisoners who were all beheaded And now King Henry returning privately into England in disguise was taken Prisoner and carried to the Tower so that Edward seem'd established in his Throne yet Fate not satisfied with English Blood though the wounded Nation had bled such Streams as made her faint and languish another cruel War arose and the Factions began again to bandy as fierce as ever for Warwick who was called afterwards the make King of those Times being sent to solicite a Marriage between King Edward and the Lady Bona Daughter to Lewis Duke of Savoy and having finished his Negotiation to the liking of the Lady and her Father found upon his return thaâ— the King was married to Elizabeth the Widdow of Sir John Gray slain in upholding the Cause of King Henry at which the Eatâ— supposing his Honour that had been ingaged in the Savoiards Court greatly to suffer grew much inraged and finding mean to withdraw himself joyned with diver Nobles raised a Power and proclaimeâ— King Henry declaring for him and epousing his Interest growing on a suddeâ— so strong that King Edward was forced tâ— draw out his Army and march against him pitching his Camp at Wolney four Milâ— from the Plain on which Warwick was encamped but his Guards being negligent and the Earl having notice thereof entereâ— the Kings Camp and took him Prisoner yeâ— used him very courteously allowing him for his Keeper his Brother George Nevilâ— Arch-Bishop of York who suffering him tâ— ride abroad a hunting and to follow otheâ— Recreations till one day being with a slender Guard far from the Castle and meeting a great Troop of his own Men those thaâ— were with him durst not speak to him 〈◊〉 returning to his Confinement but were glaâ— to leave him behind them and escape for their Lives so that being again at Liberty he was received by his Army with great Joy and passed to London to the great discontent and dislike of the Earl of Warwick Things being at this pass Sir Robert Wells Son to the Lord Wells raised an Army of 30000 consisting mostly of the Commons of Lincolnshire on the behalf of King Henry in revenge of which King Edward caused the Lord Wells and Sir Thomas Dimmock his Kinsman to be beheaded and so marched to fight Sir Robert when charging furiously upon the unexperienced Plebeans they scarcely sustained the second shock but throwing away their Coats and Weapons fled for their Lives from whence it was called the Battel of Loose-Coat-Field and the Execution â—eing hotly pursued by the inraged Soulâ—iers 10000 of them are accounted to be â—ain As for Sir Robert Wells and Sir Thomas Deland who commanded under him â—hey were taken Prisoners Upon the News of this Defeat the Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence Brother to King Edward â—ed to Callais but being denied entrance â—hey departed thence to the Court of France where they found Queen Margaret where gathering great Forces they returned to England every where proclaiming King Henry so that the People from all parts hasted to their Standart as well the Nobles as the Commons viz. the Earl of Pembrook the Lord Faulconberg and others so that marching towards London and King Edward finding his Mandates in many places disobey'd thought it not convenient in that juncture to attend the Sequel but with divers of his trusty Friends leâ—â— England and fled to his Brother-in-Law the Duke of Burgundy who had a little before married his Sister so that King Henry waâ— Re-in-throned but continued not long iâ— that Estate before King Edward returned landing in the North with a small Army proclaiming King Henry as he passed and pretending he came only as a private maâ— to possess himself of his Inheritance bâ— which means deceiving the People hâ— surprized the City of York and having garrisoned it pulled off the Vizor and marched towards London reconciling himself by the way thro' the means of a Maiâ— who had been brought up by the old Dutches of York to his Brother the Duke of Clâ—rence whereupon the Citizens opening their Gates and every where proclaiming him King Henry was again taken Prisoner anâ— send to the Tower and now the whole weight of the War lying upon Warwicks shoulders he desperately resolved to carry the day or fighting courageously dye in the Bed of Honour and thereupon directed his March towards London out of which King Edward drew his Forces to meet him and on Easter Day joyned Battel near Barnet since known by the Battel of Barnet-field where either of the Generals impatient of so tedious a War drew on their Forces with great force and fury Warwick charging upon the Kings Squadron broke in with his Sword and made such Distruction that they fled on that part and the Battel had gone on his side had there not been a mistake in part of his Men who by mistaking their Cognizances charged upon their fellows which making them suspect some Treason or sudden Revolt they threw down their Weapons and fled which Warwick perceiving and not finding it in his power to retain them or restore the Battel though he laboured by Example and Perswasion to do it resolving not to out-live the day â—he rushed furiously amongst the Squadrons of the Enemy and there fighting valiantly fell upon the heaps of the slain and with him died his Brother the Lord Montacute and three other Lords were slain on the part of King Edward and of the meaner sort on both sides 20000. The News of this defeat made known to Queen Margaret and Prince Edward her Son by such as fled the field she took Sanctuary in the Abby of Ceerne but the Lords that escaped the Battel of Barnet rallying their scattered Forces gave King Edward another Battel at Tewxbury in which they were overthrown with the loss of 3000 men and of Note the Earl of Devonshire and the Duke of Somerset's Brother there likewise Prince Edward was taken and soon after stabbed by Crook-back'd Richard Duke of Glocester in the Presence of King Edward and soon after King Henry was murthered and his Queen taken from Sanctuary and put to a great Ransom Thus stop'd the Stream of Blood
left where a Train of 60 pieces of Artillery was placed and caused them to be discharged without Intermission upon the Horse-men who likewise opened their Orders to avoid the murthering shot which overthrew them by whole Ranks yet the thundring of the Cannon so amazed the Horse not used to hear such Noises nor see such deadly Engines vomit Flame that they would not be ruled but flouncing and floundring many of them cast their Riders yet Hysmael with his Squadron still charging the Right Wing composed of Asian Horse-men cut a great number of them in pieces but whilst Vsta Ogli his General was endeavouring to do the like in the other part and entering too far amongst the Ranks he was slain with a Harquibuss shot which much abated the Courage of his Men yet could they not be prevailed with to retire till Selymus advanced with the Battalion of the Janizaries yet he gained but small Advantage whereupon in a great Rage he commanded another Tire of Ordnance which he had left as his last refuge furiously to be discharged upon the fighting Squadrons by which means such slaughter was made as well of his own men as the Persians mingled together in the attack that what for the Dust Smoke and thundring of the Artillery having on both sides lost in a manner their Sight and Hearing the Persian Horse were now so terrified that they were no longer to be ruled but disranking in divers parts the battel became broken and disordered at what time Hysmael having received a slight Wound with a Harquibuss-shot was retired at the Intreaty of his Friends to have it searched and dressed and there having notice that his General was slain as also what further had hapned he caused the retreat to be sounded which was done in such order that the Turks durst not pursue them nor durst they seize upon their Camp till they knew they were out of sight in which they found divers rich Pavilions wrought with Needle-work and Gold as also many beauteous Ladies that had accompanied their Husbands to the Wars all of which he caused to be set at Liberty except one of Hysmaels Wives whom he gave in Marriage to one of his Bassa's In this Battel fought in the Galderan fields near the City of Coy Anno 1514 30000 Turks were slain and amongst them divers Bassa's and Men of Note even all the flower of the Army though of the Persians not above 8000 the chief of Note being the General and amongst the slain were found the bodies of divers Persian Women who armed had accompanied their Husbands to share in their good or evil Fortune at which Selymus admiring caused them to be honourably buried and soon after had Tauris and many other Cities put into his hands but in his return through hardships and such as were cut off by the Persians and Mountaneers who still hover'd about his Camp to take all advantages he lost near three parts of his Army Thus Selymus with slaughter flesh'd at home Plotting fresh Murthers through strange Lands do's roame Like a Hircanian Tiger scenting blood From cold Araxis to warm Nilus flood Hastes to augment the Crimson stream late shed A Discription of the great Battel fought between Campson Gaurus Sultan of Aegypt and Selymus the first of that Name Emperour of the Turks near Aleppo in Syria c. SElymus the year after his Persian Expedition having subdued the Kingdom of Aladeules the Mountain King under pretence of Damage done him by the Mountaineers in his return and getting the King into his Hands by treachery cut off his Head. Whilst he was taking some Towns belonging to the Persian Sophy whom he heard was warring against the Indians and Bactrians He had notice that Campson Gaurus Sultan of Aegypt was coming against him with a powerful Army levied in Aegypt and Judea in favour of his Allie the Persian as hating Selymus for his Cruelty to his Father Brethren and Nephews whereupon fearing he should pass the River Euphrates and spoil his Dominions in Asia he sent Ambassadors to him to treat about renewing the League that had been between him and his Father Bajazet But the young Princes Aladine Son to Mahomet Selymus's elder Brother and Aladeules Son to the murther'd King of that Name pressing the Sultan to restore them by his Arms in so just a Cause his Embassy was rejected whereupon thinking it no time to delay he resolved to give the Persians rest and turn his Arms against the Aegyptian Sultan and thereupon passed the Mountains with an Army of 300000 Men at three Places causing the rough Passages to be made smooth and the Straights to be opened for the more commodious passage of his Ordnance and Baggage so that in five days contrary to the Expectation or Belief of the Sultan he had passed the huge Mountain of Amanus with his whole Army and all his Baggage and Encamped in the Plains of Commegena where from Alis-Beg Governour of the Mountain Kingdom he had news of the Sultan's Army so that he immediately marched towards him when coming in sight of each other and the Battel on both parts resolved upon the Sultan divided his Army into four Battels the first he committed to Kerebeus the second to Sybevius the third to Gazzeles and the fourth himself reserved as a Battel of Succour as also to defend the Camp whilst on the other hand Selymus plac'd the Asian Horse-men in the Right wing and the European's in the Left and in the middle the battel of the Janizaries with the Artillery in the front of them and between the two Wings his Pentioners being Souldiers of great Experience and in this Order the Turks always fight if the Ground will permit it The Battels ranged and set in order Kerebeius with his Squadron charged the European Horse-men with great fury but resolved now to be revenged on the Sultan for the death of his Brother he intended nothing more than to betray his Trust and thereupon after the first Charge that he might seem yet to do something wheeling off he fell upon the Sculions and such other slaves as kept the Baggage making some small slaughter of them that at the same time like a cunning Traytor he might satisfie the Expectations of his Valour and yet penetrate the Treason But Sebeius the Governour of Damasco behav'd himself far otherwise for entring overthwart the Ranks of the Right wing of the Turks Army he with his Mamalukes charged with such fury that having made great slaughter of the Asian Horse-men he broke in like a Tempest bearing down all before him till he charg'd upon the Ensigns in the midst of the wing nor could Mustapha the Beglerbeg nor Imbrahor Bassa with all their Forces stand before him or restrain the flight of their Souldiers so that cutting in pieces the Right wing he resolutely thrust in between the Battalion of the Janizaries and Pentioners there making so unexpected and lamentable a slaughter that Selymus was in great danger of being taken
the King charged being put to the retreat an Officer of the Cuirasiers knowing the King broke desperately thro' the Ranks that sheltered him and coming behind him as he was Retreating shâ—◠〈◊〉 through the Body with his Pistol 〈◊〉 at the same time this is the right bird yet enjoyed it not for scarce had he done it before himself was shot dead on the place by Luchan the Master of the Dukes horse and so lost his expected Reward yet so hotly the Cuirasiers charged that the Swedes were not capable of bringing off the dying King but were obliged to let him fall where he was barbarously mangled by the Enemy who stripped him every one getting something that could conveniently come at him as a Trophy of honour all that he was heard to say as those report who were about him when thâ—as demanded who he was for at first those that stripped him did not certainly know him was viz. I am the King of Sweden who do Seal the Religion and Liberty of the German Nation with my bloud and then after some hesitation subjoyning Alas my poor Queen and so recommending his Soul to God gave up the Ghost yet was his Body after ward Rescued and honourably buried his death being lamented even by his Enemies and although the King was thus slain yet he was a Conquerour even in death for the Swedes instead of being discouraged grew more inraged and breathing nothing but revenge for the death of their King charged so furiously on all parts that although â—resh Supplies came hourly to the assistance of the Imperialists yet after nine hours obstinate fight not only their right Wing but their main battel was broken and disordered which obliged the Generalissimo under the favour of the Night to draw off yet in such confusion that most part of his Souldiers fearing the pursuit of the Swedish horse disranked and fled leaving their Cannon and a great part of their Baggage behind them together with their wounded men and 6000 dead upon the place many of them of great Note when on the Swedes part there died not above 2000. the chief of Note on the part of the Imperialists were the Abot of Fulden by his place a Prince of the Empire the Counts Puppenheim and Bartholdus Walenstine's Serjeant Major General Bruner Lodovicus Westrum Lancius Comargo Witzeb and Fines all Collonels of the respective Regiments together with Borda Taxheim Lampart and Cammarhoff Lieutenant Collonels besides divers Serjeant Majors Captains and Lieutenants and on the Kings side of Note was himself Nicholas Count of Wesenburg Grave Nelees Serjeant General Isler and Collonel Gersdorf with some Lieutenant Collonels and divers Captains Thus great Gustavus fell yet conquering dy'd Fortune ne'er gave the battel from his side VVhere'er he fought be was victorious still His body only Fate had powr to kill A Brief Description of the memorable Battels and Skirmishes c. that happened during the unhappy civil Wars in England c. in the Reign of King Charles the First as they are taken and drawn from warrantable history c. AFter many Indignities had been put upon King Charles the First of blessed Memory by an inexorable Parliament whom no favours nor concessions could oblige he thought it highly convenient to oppose their force with force and thereupon in August 1642. he set up his Standard at Nottingham so that the Hostilities being begun after the loss of about twenty men by a Sally out of Hull and the routing of Collonel Fines and Sands by Prince Rupert at Worcester with coÌ„nsiderable slaughter of their men c. The King resolved to march towards London but finding the Earl of Essex who by this time was made General for the Parliament marched after him and hung in a manner upon his Rear he faced about to give him battel or oblige him to retire so that the Armies facing each other and the King having discovered the number of the Rebels from a convenient stand with a Prospective and desiring God and all good men to assist his cause on the 13 of October 1642. he drew into a large Field or Plain between Edghill and Keinton in the County of Warwick where Essex was putting his Army in order so that both Armies being drawn up in battel array the Charge was sounded and thereupon a dreadful fight began continuing bloudy and doubtful Prince Rupert who there commanded the King's horse making a great slaughter and pursuing the Enemies horse even beyond their Baggage so that they forsook the field but fresh Troops coming in the fight-was maintained with doubtful success till Night put an end to the fury yet the King soon after had many Places surrendred to him and marched triumphantly into Oxford with 150 Colours there taken and in this battel are computed to be slain between 5 and 6000 men on both sides And now the King's Army being Recruited and increased by the coming in of many Troops and the Revolt of two Regiments and a Troop of Horse from the Parliament upon his taking of Banbury he marched towards London whither Essex was retired upon which Essex with an Army composed mostly of Prentices and the City Trained Bands drew out to oppose his passage which made the King advance to gain the Bridge to prevent his being hemm'd in by reason the Parliaments forces possessed most of the Towns in those parts but part of Hollis's Regiment made head against him being seconded by two other Regiments the Passage was hotly disputed which lasted till Night at what time the Parlimentarians retreated and left the Town to the Ksng together with 200 of their men dead upon the place eleven Colours and fifteen Pieces of Ordnance but he slighting that place returned to Oxford with his Army nor was the King's success in other Parts less for in February following Prince Rupert with a select Party of 4000 horse and foot making shew to Regain Hadly Castle a little before taken by Collonel Massey marched immediately to Cirencester and charging the Guard forced his way into the Town with considerable slaughter possessing it in two hours dispute with all the Magazine of the County and 2000 Arms making at the same time 1100 persons Prisoners yet this Joy was somewhat lessened by the Defeat of 1500 Welch-men raised by the Earl of Worcester and his Son for the service of the King at Hingham house by the Forces under the command of Collonel Massey and Sir William Waller as for the rest of the Year 1642. it was passed over in sundry light Skirmishes sometimes successful to one Party and sometimes to the other the most material of which was that in Hoptón-Field near Hautly in Staffordshire where the Earl of Northampton was slain and that of Bramham Moor wherein Sir Thomas Fairfax was routed In April 1643 young Hautham the Son of Sir John Hautham whose Father had denied the King entrance into Hull was routed by Collonel Cavendish near Ancasâ—er in Lincolnshire and most of his party slain or taken
defeated near Stow and Dening surrendred to the Parliament yet the great blow that caused the Royal Cause so much to decline was the unfortunate battel of Naseby fought near the Town of that name and so as it was the saddest I shall conclude with the description of it this unfortunate War. The Armies meeting near Naseby and the King in a Council of War resolving to give battel to Fairfax who had for some time followed him in the Rear he so ordered it that himself commanded the main Body and Prince Rupert assisted by his brother Prince Maurice the right Wing and the Lest was committed to Sir Marmaduke Langdale there were likewise two Reserves the one commanded by the Earl of Lindsey and the Lord Ashley and the other by the Lord Bards and Sir George Lisle of the Rebels Army Fairfax and Skippon commanded the main Body the Right Wing was committed to Cromwell and Collonel Rossiter and the left to Ireton there were in the Army likewise two Reserves under the charge of Collonel Pride Rainsborrough and Hammond The Armies being in array the Charge was sounded whereupon Prince Rupert advanced with great Resolution charging the Left Wing commanded by Ireton which after some Resistance was forced to give ground in this conflict Ireton was wounded in the face and thigh and had his Horse shot under him and was taken Prisoner so that the Prince pursuing this advantage followed the chace even to the Town of Naseby and upon his return summoned the Baggage and Artillery to surrender but without success in the main for by reason of the Prince his not timely returning to the battel Cromwel had the best opportunity to charge the King 's Left Wing which he did with such fury that he soon broke and disordered it whereupon that Wing fled leaving the main battel wherein was the Person of the King open and unguarded in either flank so-that the Reserves not being able to make it good and Cromwel returning with his victorious party before the Prince charging in the flank whilst the battel of the Enemy did the like in the Front notwithstanding the great Resistance that was made the King's battel of Footmen became broken and disordered so that although it came to handy-strokes with much Resolution and obstinacy on either part yet fresh Supplies of the Parliament foot coming in and the Royal-Army considering the safety of the King who was pressed on all parts finding it self unable to make longer resistance retreated out of the Field as the Prince was advancing who perceiving the bad fortune of the King's Army since his absence and despairing to restore the battel retired likewise Fairfax pursuing the King till within two miles of Leicester though in the way a Retreating-fight was maintained on the part of the Royalists so that the King not thinking himself safe in Leicester marched without staying directly to Litchfield In this Fight about twenty Collonels and Officers of lesser note together with 600 common Souldiers were slain of the King's Party and many wounded amongst whom of note the Earl of Lindsey Lord Ashby Collonel Rastol c. but almost all the Foot together with their Officers were taken Prisoners and in all six Collonels eight Lieutenant Collonels eighteen Majors seventy Captains 4500 private Soldiers 200 Ensigns one of the King's Coaches with part of his Treasure and almost all the Waggons Ammunition and Baggage together with his Letters and Furniture with twelve Pieces of Ordnance 8000 Arms and the KING's Standard which quite broke the strength o◠the Royalists insomuch that they could no◠bring any formidable Army into the field afterward nor was it long before the King◠being besieged in Oxford made His escap◠thence and cast himself upon the Scotch Army who for a Summ of Money delivered Him up to the Parliament whose usage towards Him was so Inhumane that it cannot be mentioned without a deep sence of sorrow by any good Christian Wherefore in silence let us mourn His fate Who dy'd a Martyr for the Church and State. A Brief Description of the second Battel of Worcester fought on the Fatal Third of September Anno 1651. KIng Charles the Second of blessed memory being crowned at Scone in Scotland entred England with an Army for the Recovery of his Right in August 1651 and by easy Marches with little difficulty entered Worcester on the 22 of August being Joyfully received by the Town 's men who were glad of that opportunity to Return to their Allegiance and there it was solemnly debated whether he should stay there and expect the event or immediately march to London but in the end the former was concluded at least so long till the Soldiers had well Refreshed themselves which gave the Enemy advantage to gather about that City from all parts yet care was taken for fortifying the place and securing the advantageous Passages to which purpose a Line and several Mounts were raised yet Major-General Lambert who commanded for the Parliament sending suddenly a Party of Horse to discover the difficulty of the passage at Vpton where Major General Massey commanded 300 Horse and Dragoons for the King about fifty of them venturéd over on a piece of Timber accidentally left cross that part of the Bridge that was broken down and although the Royal party immediately took the alarum and beat them into a Church where they defended themselves yet so speedy was Lambert in sending over a greater number of men that after a hot dispute Massey having his Horse killed under him and himself shot through the Arm was obliged to Retreat and now Cromwell's Army that had followed the King in the Rear out of Scotland began to joyn with those Parties that were already gathered out of divers Counties making in all between 50 and 60000 Men when as the King 's whole Power exceeded not above 10000 so that with these numerous Forces he was in a manner encompassed and there being no hopes left of marching away without coming to a battel after divers Sallies with various success the fatal day drew nigh for Cromwell Fleetwood and others after the gaining the pass at Vpton endeavoured to make themselves a clear passage to the City that their Army might joyn in the Leaguer to which end two Bridges were ordered to be made the one over the Severn and the other over Thame over the last of which Fleetwood advanced to attaque the City on the West part which so Alarum'd the Royal Army that then lay within their Leaguer at St. Jones that to hinder the approach they sallied out with the greatest part of the Horse and Foot so that a hot dispute ensued till overpowred by number more than by true valour they were obliged to Retire again into their Leaguer But whilst this encounter was on the West side Cromwell passed his Army over Severn and marched directly towards the Wall which the King perceiving sallied at the head of the Horse and charged with so much courage and bravery that