Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	justice_n	peace_n	session_n	1,454	5	10.8701	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54682	The antiquity, legality, reason, duty and necessity of præ-emption and prourveyance, for the King, or, Compositions for his pourveyance as they were used and taken for the provisions of the Kings household, the small charge and burthen thereof to the people, and the many for the author, great mischiefs and inconveniences which will inevitably follow the taking of them away / by Fabian Philipps.	Philipps, Fabian, 1601-1690.	1663 (1663)	Wing P2004; ESTC R10010	306,442	558

you will have a care and due regard Finally we also warn you that now when you shall be unburdened hereof as of a matter long time complained you do not for your private respect enter into any such an unnecessary charge as hath not in former times of the King her Majesties father or other her Progenitors been used nor allowed for it is not meant to give you allowance hereafter of any thing upon your account that shall not be well warranted to be allowed unto you we also hav● given notice unto the Justi●es that it shall be very convenient that at the first coming to the place appointed for the Sessions they do begin to hear and determine the causes of the prisoners in your charge and so far forth as it conveniently may be done proceed to the delivery of the Goal before they proceed to the Assizes whereby the attendance of the multitude of the Justices of Peace shall not need to be so long as if the Goal delivery should be last And therefore we will that you do so make ready your Goal and prisoners that the Justices may first finish that service being the principal cause of their Sessions and so we bid you right heartly farewell from Hampton Court the 21. day of February 1573. For these next Assizes it shall suffice that you make provision for two Messes of meat well furnished and in case over and besides that you shall demand any further allowance of the Justices Diets it is not meant you shall have any allowance for the same afterwards you see what order it hath pleased her Majesty to take herein Your loving friends W. Burghley A. Warwick F. Knollis R. S●dleir E. Lyncoln F. Bedford T. Smith Wa. Mildmay T. Sussex R. Leycester Fr. Walsingham Ex autograph in Bib. C●ttoniana Inquis de Statu Senescalli Abbatis de Burgo sancti Edmundi in Escaet 30 E. 1. n. 13. Philip Honorius Thesau● Politic. Speed Hist. of England Leiger Book of St. Albans Nehem. c. 7. Grotius Annotat in lib. 3. Regum c. ● Vide the Oaths of the Treasurer and Comptroller of the Kings house Coke 4. parte Institutes 91 Hist. H. 8. by the Lord Herbert of Cherbury Ro. pat 13. Jacobi Bodin de Repub lib. 6. Philip. de Comines hist. Greece Cedrenus lib. 3. ca. 39. Zonaras Lib. 1. Juris Oriental Julius Caesar Bullinger de Vectigalibus Roman Empire Zecchius de principat administrat Appian lib. 2. de bellis Civil Cicero pro leg Manilia Su●tonius in vita Julii Caesaris Cicero lib. Epist ad Q. fratrem Legia Papia Livius Hist. Roman Dio. Cass. lib. 50. Plutarch in vita Antonii Strabo in lib. ult Dio. Cass. in Augusto Lampridius in Alexandro Severo P●libius Valen. in l. modios 9. suscept lib. 10. C. 70. Symmachus lib. 9. Epist. 10. Paulus Diaconus lib. 2. Bullinger de Vectigalibus D. de Publican Xiphilinus in Neron● Lampridius Rome Naples Philip Honorius Thesaur Politic. Tuscany Philip Honorius Thesaur Politic. Sir John Davies Treatise of impositions Milan Spain Marian lib. lib. 16. Linsc●tanus Portugall Germany Besoldus de Aerario Public B●llinger de Vectigalibus Gerard du Haillan de l' estat des affaires de France Bodin de Repub l. 6. Bodin lib. 6. de Repub. Hist. de la Mort. de Henry 4. Caesars Comment lib. 6. Lorraine Sir John Davies Treatise of Impositions Ferrara Philip Honorius Thesaur Politic. Venice Philip Honorius Thesaur Politic. Sweden Holland and the Vnited Provinces Philip Caesius a Zesen in Leone Belgic Philippus Caesius a Zesen in Leo●e Belgico Grotius in Epist. Strada Decad 1. Philippus Caesius a Zesen in Leone Belgico Sect. 6.130 131. De secret des Finances de France Vide Petition of Right and the Kings answer thereunto in Anno 3 Car. primi Aelianus Hist. variar lib. 1. Brissonius de regno Persiae lib. 1. Suetonius in Augusto Cassiodorus lib. 6 Epist. 7 Rosinus de Antiquitat Roman 54. Bullinger de Vectigalibus popul Roman Lipsius lib. 2. ca. 1. de magnitud Imper. Roman Tacitus de moribus Germanorum 2 Reg. cap. 4 Nehem. 4.17 1. Sam. 25. Besoldus de Aerario pub Bodin lib. 6. d Repub. In memoriali stipendiorum sive honorariorum quae principes Auriaci perceperunt ab ordinibus c Hist. of Spain Gages Survey of the West Indies Spelmans glossar in vocibus Corba Herenachii Vide Act of Parliament and Declaration Skenes Regia Majestas 2 Parlement King James the fourth Vide his speech at a conference in April 1657. Moises Amirault en la vie de la Noüe Plutarch Apothegmes Choppinus de Domainio regum Franciae lib. 1.15 Sir Francis Moores reports Richards Case 764. Smith de repub Anglican 1 Reg. 20.9 Jud. 8.35 Bornitius lib. 5. cap. 1. Novel 8. cap. 10. Sect. 2. In Epist. ad Rom. homil 23. Pat. 18 E. 3. parte 2. m. 45 Galeot Martius d' Doctrin promise cap. 15. Boccalin 2. Ragguagl 15 Boterus 1 Sam. 15. 1 Reg. 8.66 Dan. 1.5

should be assessed by the said Clerk of the Market in avoiding her Highness displeasure and further punishment at her Graces pleasure Which as to the enforcing of reasonable rates and p●ises for victuals and houshold provisions was no more then that which all Maiors and Bailiffs of Cities Boroughs Merchant Towns and others and of the Ports of the Sea and other places are by the Statute of 23 Ed. 3. cap. 6. authorised to doe and is to be given in charge and inquired of by the Justices of Peace of every County at their Quarter Sessions For if by the rules of Reason Policie and Prudence it was alwayes adjudged to be necessary and profitable for the people in general that the King or Prince should restrain them from deceiving or oppressing one another or not permit the cunning false or richer part of the people to deceive and put what rates or prises they please or can heighten and invent upon the plain dealing honest simple hearted poor and necessitous part of them but should rather resist the Nimrods Tormentors of them and by putting them into some method of righteousness imitate the care and designs of the Almighty to succour relieve and help the poor and needy And that it can never be for the good of the Nation so to encourage the evils and deceitfulnes of mens hearts one towards another as to suffer every one to hatch or spawn as many cheating and cozening tricks perjuries deceipts and false or aequivocal oathes as they can possibly or under a counterfeit shew of godliness make contrive and invent to blind deceive delude or oppress one another or to be like Cut-purses Jews Bandities Wild Arabs or crafty deceitfull Bannyans to the well-doing as well as well-meaning little part of the people or like Rooks cawing wrangling and making a noyse in the trees make it their perpetual business when they are not asleep to steal and filch away one anothers Nests and provisions and being guilty of as bad themselves to be in a perpetuall watch of keeping as well as they can their own whilest they are busie in stealing from others or to make old England to be a Country of Rooks and Jackdaws It cannot be certainly adaequate to any rule of Justice that the King who is to make it his daily care to provide peace plenty and benefits for all his Subjects regulates by his Magistrates and Officers rates and prices of victuals at Markets and Fairs moderates and abates such as are excessive and unreasonable and by Law may seize as forfeit the Court Leets of Lords of Manors for not providing Pillories to punish offending Bakers and ordaineth by his Laws that every Lord or other having the priviledge of a Market shall forfeit it if he have not a Clerk of the Market to look unto it should provide blessings for every one but himself and partake of none or very little of them and that his Subjects should not be at liberty to cozen and oppress one another and yet every man should be at liberty and make it his designe and business to cozen and lay burdens upon him which would be as little for the good of the body politick as it would be in the body natural to wear the head downward and make it to be subservient to the business and humor of the ignoble and less to be taken care of parts of the body Or to give liberty not only in a Siege or publick necessity like that of Samaria but at all other times unto as many as will like the gain or content of it to be as Bears and Wolves one to another and by hardening of their hearts and oppressing one another make a Wilderness and Desert in our Land of Canaan which if well ordered flows with more then milk and honey and by reason of an universall pride ingrossing enhauncing and cheating to maintain it cause a dearth when there may be a plenty And reducing him thereby into the condition of the King of Israel in that Siege when an Asses head was sold for fourscore pieces of silver and the fourth part of a kab of Doves dung for five pieces of silver enforce him to answer as he did the woman which cryed unto him Help my Lord O King if the Lord doe not help thee whence shall I help thee out of the Barn floor or out of the Wine-presse Or that the King when he shall as the King of Israel did in an unseasonable and dry year search the Land for grass to save the peoples horses mules and beasts alive should let his own not pertake of his cares but perish whilst he mittigates unjust and unconscionable rates and prices in the Markets bē himself exposed to all manner of unconscionable and deceitfull dealings Which his just and alwaies until now allowed right of Praeemption which heretofore made the Kings provision for his houshold when it was bought in the Markets or Fairs to be much cheaper then what were bought upon the vie or endeavours who should give most to purchase it at such unreasonable prices as the Sellers could strain or scrue them unto And the Commissions not seldome made by his Royal Progenitors to the Sheriffs and other Officers and Magistrates which had the delegated power of Assise and Correction of Markets and unreasonable prices and the rating of them to make his houshold provisions and where the Pourveyors and the owners could not otherwise agree were to be rated and ascertained as some Acts of Parliament and Statutes have appointed by Constables and some honest men of their Neighbourhood upon their oaths which cannot be supposed to make or admit them to be high or immoderate together with a due regulation of the Markets by the Clerks of the Markets and that care with the Law enjoyneth the Lords of Manors in their Court Leets the Sheriffs in their Tornes the Justices of Peace of every Countie and the Magistrates of every City and Towns Corporate to take in the supressing of unreasonable prices Forestallers Ingrossers and Regrators which are no small part of the causes of them would have prevented or greatly lessened And the Markets would not have risen to that excess of price which is now heavily complained of and every where to be met with by the sleepiness or sluggishness of Magistrates and Justices of the Peace neglect of their oathes and duties which are too often and easily obliterated or put out of memory by sprinkling or dipping them in the waters of some Lethe or Oblivion or by some unrighteous or unbecoming partialties connivance and kindness to their Neighbours and friends or such as they would make to be their friends a timerousness or unwillingness to displease or irritate such as are or may be their enemies or the allurements and temptation of their own Interests in letting their Lands at the rack or very much dearer then it was when the Kings price or compositions were agreed upon and by tentering the Tenants Rents

solvat persolvat postea forisfacturam nor to sell or buy any thing for money but within Cities and before three witnesses nor without a Voucher or warranty and if any did otherwise they were to be fined and at last incurre a forfeiture Item nullum mercatum vel forum fieri permittatur nisi in civitatibus regni jus suum commune dignitatis coronae quae constituta sunt a bonis predecessoribus suis deperiri non possunt nec violari sed omnia rite in aperto per judicium ●ieri debent likewise that no Market be kept but in Cities so that the right of the King and the dignity of his Crown as it was constituted in the times of his good predecessors might not be lost defrauded or violated and that all things be rightly and openly done according to right and justice King Henry the 1. his Son saith the Monk of Malmsbury corrected the false Ell or Measure so called of the Merchants brachii sui mensura adhibita omnibusque per Angliam proposita causing one to be made according to the measure or length of his own arm ordered it to be used through all England and in his Laws reckoneth the punishment of false Coiners and prohibiting and punishing of Forestall or forestalling of Markets inter Jura his Rights Royal Prerogatives quae Rex Angliae solus super omnes homines habet in terra sua which belonged to him only as King of England and without an Act of Parliament ordered the rate and value of mony which being the mensura rerum measure guide of all things in commerce and dealings one man with another hath no small influence or power in the heightning or lessening of the price of things and is such a part of Soveraignty as the Parliament in their 19. high and mighty and unreasonable propositions sent unto the late King Charles the Martyr in his troubles in June 1642. never attempted to restrain or take from him In the Reign of King Henry the second when as Ranuphus de Glanvilla Chief Justice of England under him saith in that book which is generally believed to have been written by him the Laws and Customes of England being ratione introductis diu obtentis founded upon reason and long used had arrived to that perfection as pauperes non opprimabantur adversarii potentia nec a limitibus Judiciorum propellabat quenquam amicorum favor gratia the poor were not oppressed by their adversaries power nor did partiality or friendship hinder any from Justice the inquiry and punishment of false measures and all manner of deceipts did appertain Coronae Regis to the King only Justices in Eyre were after the return of King Richard the first from his Captivity sent into all Counties of England to enquire amongst other things de Faeneratoribus vinis venditis contra Assisam de falsis mensuris tam vini quam aliarum rerum of Usurers and of wine sold contrary to the Assize and of false measures as well of wine as other things In Anno quarto of King John being thirteen years before the granting of Magna Charta de Libertatibus Angliae the great Charter of the Liberties of England the King did by his Edict and Proclamation command the Assize of bread to be strictly observed under the pain of standing upon the Pillory and the rates were set the Assise approved per Pistorem as Matthew Paris saith Gaufridi filii Petri Justiciarii Angliae Pistorem R. de Thurnam by the Baker of Jeoffry Fitz Peter Justice of England and the Baker of R. of Thurnam And in the Magna Charta and Liberties granted by him afterwards at Running Munde or Mead near Stanes assented which our Ancestors and Procurers of that Charter believed to be for a publick good that una mensura vini cervisiae sit per totum Regnum una mensura bladi scilicet quarterium Londinense una latitudo pannorum tinctorum russetorum haubergetorum panni genus a kind of Cloth saith Sir Henry Spelman then so called there should be throughout all England one measure of Wine and Beer and the like of Corn and of the breadth of Cloth died and russet or other kinds And was confirmed by King Henry the third his Son in Anno 9. of his Reign who by an Ordinance made by the Kings command and on the behalf of the King howsoever it be stiled a Statute and is placed in our Statute book collected by Mr. Poulton amongst those which he calleth Statutes incerti temporis made in the Reigns of Hen. 3. Ed. 1. or Ed. 2. but cannot assign by whom or in what years or times but in all probability in the Reign of King Henry the third did ordain that no Forestaller which is an open oppresser of poor people and of the Commonalty and an enemy of the whole Shire and Countrey which for greediness of his private gain doth prevent others in buying Grain Fish Herring or any other thing to be sold coming by Land or waters oppressing the poor and deceiving the rich and c●rrieth away such things intending to sell them more deer should be suffered to dwell in any Town he that shall be convict thereof shall for the first offence be amerced and lose the thing so bought and for the second time have judgement of the Pillory the third time be imprisoned and make Fine and the fourth time abjure the Town And this Judgement to be given upon all manner of Forestallers and likewise upon them that have given them counsel help or favour And providing that his people should not be oppressed with immoderate unreasonable prices in the buying of food and victuals and other necessaries did by his Writ limit the price of Lampreys and had as his Royal Progenitors such a power and just Prerogative of regulating and well ordering of Markets and Fairs as notwithstanding any Charters or Grants of Fairs and Markets to Cities and Towns he did in anno quinto of his Reign upon a complaint of some Merchants of Lynn that when they came to sell their goods and Merchandize at Norwich the Merchants or Tradesmen took away their goods and Merchandise to the value of three hundred marks by his writ give them power to arrest and seize any goods of the Norwich Merchants which should come to any Fairs at Lyn untill that Justice should be done unto them And in anno 49. of his Reign commanded the Barons of the Exchequer that they should inroll and cause to be executed his Letters Patents of a Confirmation to the Citizens of Lincoln of a Charter of King Henry the second his Grandfather that the Sheriff and other the Kings Officers and Ministers of Lincolnschiry should not hinder forraign Merchants to come to Lincoln to trade there ita rationabiliter juste as reasonably and justly as they were wont to do in

being sometimes imployed onely to the Pasturage of Sheep and lessened the plenty of Calves Butter Eggs Cheese Chickens Hens Capons Ducks Geese Beef Piggs Por● and Bacon the labor of the husbandman wife and servants encreasing more Victuals thorough the whitemeat of one Cow in one year being well pastured and her Calf taken from her at a moneth old then her body being fat amounted unto the dearth of Victuals causing the greatness of price of other Commodities and the overcharging of Commons by raising the Rents of enclosed grounds The very judicious and lea●ned Camden doth not believe the plenty of money to be the sole or principal if any cause of the high prices and rates of Victuals but refers it to Politicians to dispute among themselves whether the dearth of all things now very much exceeded which most complain of doth proceed from plenty of Gold and Silver since the discovery of the West Indies or from Monopolies and Combinations of Merchants and Craf●smen transportation of grain or from the pleasure of great personages who ●o most highly rate such things as they do most like or excess in private persons or from all these And Gerard Malines a Learned knowing and judicious Merchant is in his learned Tract or Book called Lex Mercatoria written in Anno 1622. of opinion that the General dearth of all things within this Realm where there is no scarcity of provisions for the Back and Belly yet food is dear and there is a dearth proceeds from the Husbandman who lays the fault upon the Noblemen and Gentlemen for raising of their Rents taking of Farms into their hands and making of inclosures Noblemen and Gentlemen alleaging the fault to be in Merchants and Artificers for selling things dearer then in times past which caused every man to make the most of his own and the Artificers and workmen raising their wages when they do buy all things dearer To which the Merchants in their ordinary and lawful course of Trade and Merchandize without those lately practised illegal waye● of Ingrossings when as one having bought up all the Pepper which was in London and recruiting and adding more unto it made thirty thousand pounds clear gain thereof being more to be tollerated then other men in regard of the hazard of Seas Pirates and Imbargoes which many times attends their business and affairs do but very little contribute but the disease and evil is more intrinsicke within our selves and at home and proceeds where it is not upon scarcity as of Corn c. which happeneth not often nor continueth long not from the increase of money or people but of pride selfishness oppressing of one another and the non-execution of many good Laws which are yet in force and unrepealed as may evidently appear to any that will but look back and su●vey our Bigone and former times For although money which notwithstanding the opinion of some learned men that pecunia was derived a pecude from the use of Cattle in exchange of other commodities was as anciently in use as the times of Abraham and Jacob be as it hath of long time been in this and many other pa●ts of the world the exchange rule or measu●e in commutations and commerce and should be in some sort the Par in the prices or rates of all Commodities to be bought or exchanged by it yet the avarice and craft of people never satisfied with gaining advantages one upon another the power of some and weakness of others in Estate or Judgements have so far transgressed the rules which ought to be in that measure or the Justice which every man owes one to another an● to do as they would be done unto as the plenty or want of money not abased or corrupted is seldom as to the generality the cause of the dearness or cheapness of things and if it could so happen or appear to be so neither of them can be any causa potens an onely or meer cause in it self of the dearth or cheapness or the excessiveness of the prices or rates of provisions to be bought or provided with it It being not to be denyed but that the scarcity or want of money doth many times enforce a Tenant to sell his Corn or Cattle at cheaper rates and prices then he otherwise would do whereby to be able to pay his Landlord his Rent at the time appointed or an Indebted Gentlemen to sell his Lands much beneath the worth or true value of it to avoid greater inconveniences or ●edeem himself out of the Pawes of a Panther like usurer and his biting Interest and that the plenty of mony at the same time in the buyer makes it to be much cheaper unto him then otherwise it would have been and renders the scarcity or want of money in the one and the plenty of it in the other to be a cause of the small rate or price of the commodity or that which is sold and howsoever it be admitted that the prices and rates of commodities or things to be bought with money may sometimes have a respect or regard to the true and intrinsick value of the Coin or money which is to be given for it and that at some times there may be more mony or Coin in a Kingdom then there is or can be at another time yet that grand Witch or Inchantress which insinuates it self into most mens loves and affections the small and contemptible the more is the pitty society of Scholars Philosophers and Vertuosi's onely excepted is so predominant and powerful as Auri sacrafame● the greedy appetite of Gold and Silver and the insatiablenes thereof veri●ying the long ago experimented saying of the Poet that Crescit amor nummi quantum ipsa pecunia crescit the love of money increaseth as the money doth will not allow us to believe that there is no hoarding or keeping it from the knowledge or use of others or that there is such an equal distribution of it that every one like the children of Israel gathering their Manna in the Desert might go out and fill their Homers or as much as might be sufficient for their necessary provisions when this age wherein we live hath told us that Sir William Craven an Alderman of London could besides a great estate purchased in Land leave at his death in money four hundred thousand pounds which was more overplus and spare money then all the men in that large County of York from whence originally he came could make or cast into a Treasury That Sir William Cokaine an Alderman of London could within a few yeers after notwithstanding great portions given unto two of his daughters in marriage the one unto a Baron the other unto an Earl dye possessed of a personal Estate worth 200000 l. and seised of such an Estate of Inheritance of his own getting as enabled his son to be made an Irish Viscount which was more then all the men in the County of Bedford from whence he was discended could

though the people after their Civil Wars ended petitioned to have it abolished towards the supply of his Aerarium militare Treasury for the Army and Exacted a fourth part of the value of every thing sued for at Law a great penalty upon every one which compounded without licence a certain number of Sesterties upon every marriage contracted an eighth part of all wares and commodities sold imposed by Caligula and a part of every poor Laborers Wages and of every Beggars Alms an Impost upon Urine by Vespasian and the Stews by Severus the Emperor and a part of Artificers and Waggoners gains some impositions set upon the heads of Beasts and Tiles of houses and a Vectigal umbrae aeris a Tax for the shade of the Plantane Tree by some of the ancient Emperors and when they had the Revenue of a great part of the world at their command and had the spoils and treasures thereof and might the better have spared their own people for that two Legions or twelve thousand men were enough to Conquer and awe a Kingdom and a Foot souldiers pay was in those days of so great a cheapness as a fat Kid was sold in Portugal for an obolus then passing for about a penny farthing which was the price of four mens Dinners in L●●bardy and a Medimni or three Bushels of Barley was commonly sold for four Oboli being in the beginning of the third Punick war but two Oboli would not forbear to leavy the fiftith part of the peoples Corn a fourtieth of their Barley and a twentieth of their Wine and Bacon Praestatio Tyronum when they took money to free soldiers and young men from warfare which was causa exitii a cause of the ruine of Rome and that of Valens the Emperor taking money of the people of every Province which per vices or by turns were bound to furnish a sold●er quod cladem attulit Romano Imperio cum nemo militaret which d●stroyed the Roman Empire when as men had rather pay money then serve their Country as souldiers Praestatio Lustralis which was paid to the Emperor every five yeers for every thing bought or sold which was not in proprio rure of the proceed or growth of their own lands Vectigal Allelengyum a Tax when the poor were listed or Mustered for war and the rich ordered to pay a certain rate to buy Arms and Provision for them vectigal Chartiaticum an Assessement upon Gards Vectigalia de fluminibus a Tax upon Rivers and Lakes Aurum glebale or Coronarium an yeerly oblation so called to the Treasury Solarium an yeerly rent upon houses built upon the waste a Tax upon all Miners or Mettal men paid upon their first admission a certain rate or imposition set upon Brass Iron Brimstom Chalk Alum Pitch Whe●stones o● Quarries of Stone and Vectigal pro mortuis a Tax upon the dead or upon their Burials of which Boundicia or Boadicia our warlike British Princess complains that amongst the Romans mori non licet fine tributo mulcta they could not dye without a Tax paid for it Nor not to mention the meru●●mperium almost unlimited despotical or arbitrary power of the great Turk Emperors of Russia Industan and Persia and other Eastearn Asian or African Princes over the estates and fortunes of their subjects doth not do as the Bishop of Rome doth who besides his large Demeasnes great Dukedomes and Territories now called the Church Land taking up a fifth or sixth part of I●aly and the Tributes and Donatives flowing from all the Clergy and people of the Kingdoms Provinces which are yet content to acknowledge his supreme as he calls it Vicariat and his great Amasses of Treasure gotten by Bulls Indulgences Jubilees Pardons and Dispensations making in the Total a greater and far less troublesome Revenue then the West Indies ever amounted unto can by an artificial selling of all Favors and benefits which he either gives or grants sub Annulo Piscatoris or otherwise and Multiplication of Officers cut and Cantelled into too many where a lesser number would serve as Masters of the streets to look to the buildings thereof Chaplaines to sing Mass to the Palfrey men Office of the Abbreviators in the Chancery General of the Church Cardinal Chamberlain Clerks of the Chamber Apostolical prefect of the signature of Justice or of causes delegated for it prefect of the signature of Grace Congregation office or Court for Rivers Waters and Bridges Congregation for the Fountains of the streets Congregation to hear the grievances of the people which are made faster then they can complain of them the Office of the Datary under Doctor and Revisers Paticipant Pronotaries twenty four under Secretaries twenty Registers of Supplications the Summist or chief Broker in the sale of all Officers which in the Court or Palace are very many and are subdivided into many of a sort and hath one of each for a retribution or allowance to himself yeilding his Holiness a great yearly Revenue Writers of the Paenitentiaries Apostolical Writers Apostolical Chamberlaines Judge of the Confidences who is to take care that there be no Simony when as there is nothing almost more frequent Auditor of the Contradictions Corrector of the Contradictions Participant Master of the Ceremonies the Keepers of the Chaines and the Popes four secret Sweepers who by their Exactions and Improvements of their places and shifts do like so many devouring Minotaures of the people lurk in their several Labirinths of Fees and extortions and keep the people lean whilst they themselves are overgrown with Fat and where there are so many Officers men imployed to catch Fees and mony as the people those that do bear the burden are like those that are stung with the Fly of that Country called Tarantula may in a pleasant madness content themselves as well as they can by the custome of enduring that which renders them not so sensible as they would otherwise be of it And the Citizens of Rome and mechanicks making it the more easie by the gaines profit which they make by the confluence of the people and strangers thither and those which do pay so much mony to the Popes supernumerary Officers selling at greater rates to others what they themselves paid very dear for and being men of other Kingdoms and Nations do make the crys and complaints which happen thereupon to come short of his Holiness ears or audience of the Court of Rome where the other Impositions and Taxes likewise laid upon the people were so intollerable as a Pasquil no longer ago then the Popedome of Sixtus Quintus made himself and others as merry as they could in making haste to dry his Shirt in the Sun least his Holiness should lay some Tax upon the heat thereof Nor as the King of Spain doth in his Kingdom of Naples where besides extraordinary aids he receiveth a Donative every two years from the people of a