Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	great_a	place_n	see_v	2,893	5	3.1798	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
B00849	The booke of thrift, containing a perfite order, and right methode to profite lands, and other things belonging to husbandry. ; Newly Englished, and set out by I.B. gentleman of Caen in France.	Henley, Walter de, fl. 1250.; Bellot, Jacques.	1589 (1589)	STC 25007.3; ESTC S124440	21,584	69

of your seede you get nothing except the corne be verie well solde you knowe well that an acre of lād which is sowen with wheat will haue three tillings except those lands the which are sowen euery yéere some more some other lesse Each tilling is woorth sixe pence and the harrowing is worth one penie and it behooueth to sowe vpon euery acre two bushels at the least and these two bushels are at the least woorth at Michaelmasse twelue pence and the wéeding a halfpenie and the cutting downe fiue pence and the carying in haruest one penie and the fodder shall quite the thresshing And the thirde part of the seede ought to yeelde sixe bushels of Wheate And if at Michaelmasse Wheate bee woorth foure shillinges then are sixe bushels woorth three shillinges and your haruest charges doe amount to thrée shillings one penie and halfepenie Chaunge euery yeare the seede at Michaelmasse for the séede which is growen vppon other lande will proue better then the séede which is growen vpon the same land And if you will sée it cause to till two forelandes of one and the same lande and in one day and sowe the one with the féede that you haue bought and the other with the séede which is growen vppon the same land and when you come in haruest time you shall proue that I tell you true Sell not neither stirre not your stubble because that for the lesse you should léese the most When you cause dungue to be kept with good earth cause your dunguehil to be dressed mingled with the dungue and cause euery fortenight to draw out of your shéepecote wherwith to dungue your clayish ground if you haue it or with some good earth drawen out of the ditches and then scatter it vpon and if there remayne any fodder besides the sustainement of your cattell you shall cause it to bee scattered within in the yarde and within the myre and in your shéepecote also cause it to be scattered and in like maner in your modde before the drought of March cause all your dungue to be heaped together which is in the stables in the yarde and without And when you minde to dungue your ground and the same to carie you must haue a man whom you trust well that is faithfull vnto you to follow your cartes the first day and if he séeth that they doe their worke without feyning sée at the iourneyes ende howe much they haue done and let them answere so much euery day except they may shewe some certaine let Your dungue which is mingled with earth you shall put vpon sandie ground if you haue any the cause wherefore I will tell you The Sommer time is hote and the dungue hote and when the third heate is assembled to them by the great heate they doe wither away after midsommer day The barley doth growe in a sandie ground as you may well sée where you goe in many places On the Euening the land which is mingled with dungue causeth the sand to waxe colde and rayseth vp deawe and therefore that your landes that are sowen may bring foorth the more dungue them and till them not too déepe because that the dungue is marred in turning in too déepe How I will tell you what aduantage you shall haue by the strawe which is mingled with the earth If the dungue be but it selfe it may last thrée yeares or there aboutes according as the land is either cold or hote The dungue which is mingled with earth doth last the double but it shall not be so quicke you know well that the marle lasteth more then straw why so Because that the dungue wasteth in turning it déepe into the earth and the marle in turning of it out of the earth And why doeth the dungue mingled with earth last longer then the pure dungue I will tell it to you The dungue and the earth which are tilled together susteyneth the strawe that it wasteth not in the turning in though it should waste naturally Therefore I pray you to cause dungue to be kept according to the abilitie And your dungue which is scattered and somwhat moistned is in season good to be turned for the ground and the dungue shall then take the better together And if you put your dungue vpon fallowes it shall bée all at the stirring turned vnder the ground in sowing time shall come vp againe with the mingled ground and if it be put vpō stirring in sowing time it shal be turned the more vpō the earth and the lesse mingled with the ground and that is not approoued and the nearer the dungue is to the séed it is better at the feast of our Ladie first cause to fatten your dungue according as you haue of shéepe either more or lesse for they do in that season cast much fatning Make once in the yeare your prouision draw btwéene Easter and Whitsunday to wit your oxen and kine and other cattel which are not to be kept let them be put to fatten to grasse and you shall gaine and knowe the certaintie that then the woorst is better woorth then the best How I will tell it you If they be cattell for burden they must be kept better then the other and more made of else the other are the more grieued by their default and if you must buie any store buie it betwéene Easter and Whirsuntide for then are cattell leane and good cheape And before your horses be too olde or tyred or leane or of small valour you may sell them away in due season and then may you relieue your selfe with good and young How store should be kept it is good you should know it to make your seruānts wise for when they shal sée that you know it they shall indeuor to be the better The cattell for the plough must haue pasture sufficient to doe their worke and that they be not laboured too much vnder when they shall come to the manger for you should bestowe too much cost to restore them and so your gaines should be diminished put them in no houses in rainie weather for surfetting may come betwixt the haire and the skin which turneth to the great damage of your cattell and if your cattell haue their ordinarie prouender let it be giuē to thē by day light at the sight of the hayward or of the prouost mingle it with a little strawe of wheate or of oates and not of barley straw because barley strawe hath too many beards which will offend the mouthes of the horses And why doe you say so by proofe of the straw I will tell it you because it happeneth often that théeues doe steale their prouender and the horses doe eate strawe better then the prouender and doe fatten and doe become better And let not much fodder be giuen to the oxen at once but litle at once and often and then they eate it well and waste little of it and when there is greater quantitie before them they doe

shift their féete The plough of oxen is farre better then the plough of horses The cause why I will tell it you The horse doth cost more then the oxe besides that the plough of oxen is so much woorth by the yeare as the plough of horses because that the naughtinesse of plough-men suffereth not the horses to goe more then their pace Besides the same for the stayings the plough of horses shall staie when the plough of oxen shall goe on And wil you sée how much the horse costeth more then the oxe the same I will tell you It is alwayes accustomed that those beastes which doe serue about the plough doe lie in at the manger betwixt Saint Lukes feast holy crosse-feast in May during twentie fiue wéekes and yet the horse must be well kept to doe his daies iourney he must haue oates by night the sixt parte of a bushell of oates estéemed at a halfepenie hee must haue at the laest twelue sheaues of grasse in Summer time euery wéeke some horses more and some lesse of one penie the burthen Concerning the shoowing if they be shoowed of al foure féete the summe riseth to twelue shillings fiue pence halpenie hy the yere besides the fodder and the strawe and if the oxe be in good liking to do his work then it is needfull to allowe him at the least thrée sheaues and a halfe of oates by the weeke rated at one penie and in Summer season twelue burdens of grasse rated at two shillinges and one penie besides fodder and straw and ten sheaues of oates doe answere a bushell of oates heape measure And when the horse is olde and tired then is there in him nothing good but the skinne And when the oxe is olde with twelue burdens of grasse he will be woorth being fatted or being solde so much as he did cost you first or more In breaking time is a good season for the plowmā if the ground breaketh after the plough and the fallowing after Midsommer day it is best for him whē the dust doth rise after the plough and in the earing sowing time when the land is setled and is not too close but he that hath much to doe can not haue all the good seasons And when you do breake déepe any good land then must you square furrow for to haue good resting land but pricke it not to déepe but sparingly onely doing so that ye may destroy the thistles the wéeds for if the land be fallowed to déepe and if it be wette and waterish when it is eared and sowen the plough can not then reach any certaine ground but it shall goe flowing as in a good ground and if the plough might goe two finger deeper then the lande was fallowed then shoulde the plough finde the certaine grounde and shoulde bee cleansed and should make faire and good plowing In sowing time doe not plough large surrow but a little one and well ioyned together that the seede maie well fall And if you doe plough large furrowes for to make great dispatch you shall doe hurt as I will tell you When the land is sowen the harrow will come that shall rake all the séede on the hill which is betwene the surrowes and the furrow which is large shall be discouered and there shall grow no corne and to shew you that it is so when the corne is vpon the ground go to the head of the land and looke on the corne towardes the other head and you shall sée that the same which I tell you is true If the ground be to be sowen vpon the furrow sée that it be tilled with litle furrows and the ground so high as you may possible and sée that the furrow which is betwixt the two furrowes be straight and the land which lieth as it were a combe in that furrow vnder the left foote after the plough that it may be all turned and then the furrow shall be streight inough Sow your lands betimes so that the earth be setled and the corne wel rooted before the comming of the hard winter If perchance it happeneth that any great raine falles vpon the land within the eight dayes that it is sowen and then a harde frost commes two or three dayes after if the lande be hollowe the frost shall pearce the earth so déepe as the water is gone in and therfore the corne which is sprowted shal be incontinet rotten Two perilles that are in sowing in Lent season sowinges so betimes The earth that is clayish and the stony grounde I will tell you wherefore if it bee a drie season in March then the clayish earth shall waxe too harde and the stonie grounde shall waxe dryer when it is couered wherefore it needeth that such landes be sowen in a conuenient time so that the corne may be well nourished by the moystnesse of the winter The hollow lands néed not to be sowen otherwayes but in their time for these two are two sorts of ground which fall to be hollow and great in shewe but in the sowing of them let the landes bee somewhat wet And when your lands be sowen cause to scowre well the marish and other waterish grounds and cause the ditches about them to be well clensed that thereby your land may be the sootter dried from the water Cause to clense and wéede your corne after Midsommer day for it is not good to do it afore And if you do cut of the thistles a forte-night or a seuen-night before Midsommer day of eache shall come two or thrée cause your corne to be wisely reaped and put in the barne To make the profite of your barne sée that you entertaine a faithfull honest man that may faithfully charge the prouost for it is séene often that the Barner and the granetier doe ioyne together to doe ill let your prouost and your granetiers cause the same corne to be truly caried but measure of eight bushels one pecke for the waste and decay at the comming in and at the going out of the barne for their is deceite in the heaping as I will tell you When the prouost hath rendered account of the profit of the barne then cause the bushell to be proued wherewithall it was charged and you shall finde that foure heaped quarters shall make the fift a little more or a little lesse and if the bushell be narrower of fiue quarters this take and if it bee narrower of sixe quarters then take the seuenth and if it be yet narrower of the seuen quarters then take the eight and yet being narrower of eight quarters take the ninth and of each of them a litile either a little more or a little lesse according to their bignesse Now some of these proffes of measure will render a true account but with the ninth quarter what bushel soeuer it be either broade or narrow will do it And if the bushell be broade there is a great deceite if the profite of your barne answereth but to the thirde

and eight acres make fiftéene acres and halfe a roode and sirtéene acres doe make thirtie acres and one roode And the acre which is measured by the pole of foure and twentie foote maketh two acres and a roode of the pole of sixtéene foote and foure acres doe make nine acres The answer of the barne OF the profits of the barne the man ought to sée how much of each corne he hath sowen and how much it doeth answere in profite that is by right and by common account barly doth answer at the eight graine that is to wit for euery corne sowē eight cornes increase and the rie at the seuenth corne and beanes at the sixth beane and peason at the sixth pease and of dredges of barly and of otes if they be equally mingled at the sixth and if there be more barley then otes it ought to answer the more and if there be lesse barley it must answer ethe lesse also of masline if it be equally mingled must answere at the sixt and if there be more wheate then rie it answereth the lesse the wheate must answer at the fifth corne and the otes at the fourth But because the landes doe not answere so well in one yeare as in another the light landes do not answere as the good doe and besides it happeneth that the winterage taketh well and the Lent faileth and sometimes the Lent taketh and the winterage fayleth and therefore if the land answereth more then it is charged by the corne the Lord looseth it and if it doth answere lesse of necessitie it behoueth him which rendereth the account to pay it of his owne and so no mā can receiue damage by the account aforesayde And there is no perill to put men which may answere by the corne and whosoeuer knoweth not the increase let him place a faithfull man in whom he trusteth besides the thresher of the barne and it is good for him which is beside the thresher of the barne to score the increase of each heape in the barne by it selfe for to sée howe many quarters each heape of corne ought to render by it selfe And if there be any heape without let him cause it to bée measured by rode and by foote in height and length when he will cause it to be threshed and let him score each heape by it selfe then shall he be able to know as wel af each heape without as of ache heape within the barne both the stock the profite so that the heapes be euery one of one height and of one length and if he will sell his corne by the great he may the better knowe howe much each heape ought to be worth according vnto the price of the corne if he selleth the corne by the great It is good for him to score and to sée the profite of each heape and of each stacke for the oftener he shall trie it the certener he shall be of the profite and of the stocke be cause that corne doth not answer euery yeare equally and let him take héede which is with the thresher of corne that if he doth thresh any olde corne with the new he thresh and score it by it selfe out from the newe and that the prouost may answere the sale of the corne seuerally and sée the profite euery yeare whether it shall answer to his séede Answere of dredges ANd if you doe make dredges they must alwayes answere to you for nine quarters the tenth at the least and yet it is a very small answer but a man may bring it to this reckoning because that he may not make thereof a greater store when he putteth in greater store of otes the dredges thereof wil be worth the lesse and of all the increase thereof the lesse Béere shall be made The profite of the dairie concerning the small store ANd you ought to haue in each place and dyarie a man or womā to kéepe the smal store of the croppe as is aforesayde And if there be a man yet he must doe all things euen so as if a woman were there and ought to take the quarter of the yeare of sixtéene wéekes for the white meate where the other quarters are taken of twelue wéekes and he must sell all the corne and shall take of the money of the dairie that is payed to pay the woman which selleth it If you do measure to sell foure quarters of wheate or of rie and sixe quarters of barley of peason beanes and minglings you must allow in the sale one halfe penie and a halfe for euery oen of them if they be measured to sale eight quarters of otes for the same one penie and the man ought alwayes to take in the quarter the fift for the full measure of euery kind of graine Also a man ought to thresh the quarter of wheate or of rie for two pence and the quarter of barley beanes and peason for two pence halfepenie and the quarter of otes for one penie and to allow alwayes for euery fourth the fift for the full measure and if the dairie wife take héede to all the sayde store which remaines in the yard as to the swine and peacocks and to their increase and to the géese and to their increase and to the capons and to the cockes and to the hennes and to the chickens and to the egges and their increase and you ought to know that the sowe must pigge two times by the yeare and at each time seuen pigges at the least and euery goose must bring foorth fiue goslings by the yeare and each henne must lay one hundred and fiftie egges and bréed seuen chickens whereof thrée must bee made capons and if there be to many henne chickens she must change them for cocke chickens so many as it is here found that euery henne must increase thrée capons and foure hennes by the yeare and for fiue géese it behoueth to haue one gander and to seuen hennes one cocke And each cow must answere one calfe by the yeare and each ewe shéepe one lambe by the yeare and if there be any cow or ewe shéepe which bringeth forth no increase let him inquire by whose default it is either by the fault of the bailie or of the prouost or of the kéeper through fault of good kéeping or by want of food in summer time or in winter seasō or through want of a male or if the prouost may haue changed it for any other in an vnméet time And if it be not found by the default of none of them let him make a full change of the issue or of the valour thereof And also if none dieth by any maner of way by his default let him be answerable for the quicke beast or of the value thereof and if the mamour lacketh a dairie it is alwayes good to haue a faithfull woman for the lightest costes that a man may for to kéepe the small store croppe and all which is within the yard and to answer all the

eate their bellies full then they doe lie downe and doe gnawe and with the blowing of their breath doe beginne to hate and to waste it And let the cattell be kept cleane and when they be drie currie them for that doth them good and let the oxen be curried with a wispe the day and they shall licke themselues the better Let your kine haue sufficient pasture least they giue the lesse milke And when the oxe calfe is calued let him haue his milke one whole moneth at the moneths ende take from him a dugge and euery wéeke one dugge thē shall he sucke eight wéekes and lay food before him that he may learne to ease and let the cowe-calfe bee at her milke thrée wéekes at the trée wéekes ende take away from her all the other dugs as from the oxe-calfe and let them haue wate and foode before them be they within the house or without for many doe die on the ground of the disease of the lights for lacke of water Besides that if there be any oxe which begins to be out of flesh bestowe some cost to susteine him for it is truely sayde that the penie is well bestowed tha bringeth in two pence If your kine be féeble picke them out and those that be not good put them away And if your kine be fed in pasture of salt marish ground then ought two kine to answere a stone of chéese and halfe a gallon of butter by the wéeke and if they be fedde in pasture of wood or in medows after mowing time or in stubble then must thrée kine answere by the wéeke one stone of chéese and halfe a gallon of butter betwene Easter Michaelmasse without any replie of second hay betwéene Easter and Michaelmasse and twentie bearing shéepe which are fed in pasture of salt marish ground must and may well answere both of chéese and butter euen so as the kine aforesaid And if your shéepe be fed with fresh pasture of fallowes thirty bearing shéepe ought to answer of butter and chéese euen so as the kine afore mētioned Now there be many great prouosts and surueyors the which will gainsay this thing and the reasō wherfore they do it is because that they do eat giue waste the whitemeat and know ye that for to sée if the whitemeate is not spent nor otherwise wasted except about the thing aforesaid your kine shape may be so much the better ought to answere the proofes aforesaid wil you sée it in them how thrée kine must make a stone of chéese the cow of one of these thrée kine shal be but poore of the which a man cānot make in two dayes one chéese woorth one halfepenie which is according to the rate of those daies in six daies iij. chéeses worth thrée halfpence the seuenth day of the wéeke is not in the account because that the seuenth day shal helpe for the tenth and for the wast is allowed for the cost Though it were but thrée halfepence in the weeke in xxiiij wéekes which are betwixt Easter and Michaelmasse there shal be thrée shillings for the worst cow Now set downe the profite of the second cow at so much of the third cow euen at so much then haue you ix shillings therfore you may haue a stone of chéese cōmonly to sel And one of the thrée kine shal be but poore of the which a man can not reape the thirde part of a pottell of butter by the wéeke and if the gallon of butter is woorth sixe pence then is the third part of a pottell woorth one penie Cause your hogs to be tried once in the yeare and if you doe finde any one that is not sound remooue it Kéepe you neither Bore nor Sow except they be of good kind Your other Sowes shall you cause to bee gelded if they doe not pigge then shal you haue bacon made of them euen as good as of the hog In winter must you féed them that they perish not and that they may be well able to pigge in thrée monethes they néede to be kept with good foode to witte in Februarie March and Aprill and thrée times in the yeare must your sowes farrow pigges except it be through ill kéeping A nourishment in swine is to haue a long morning and to lye drie Cause your hogges to be gelded whiles they be yong then they shall growe the better Sée that your shéepeheard be not too hastie for by hastinesse cattel may bée to villainously driuen that thereby they may happen to perish When shéepe do goe a féeding and the shéepeheard is amongst them to hastie and driuing the shéepe too hastily then is that a token that he is not gentle to his shéepe Cause your shéepe to be milked euery yeare betwéene Easter and Whitsonday and those that are not to be milked cause them to be shorne betimes and marke them from the other and put them in woods that bee closed or within some other pasture grounde where they may fatten and sell them about Midsommer for then is shéepes flesh in season and let there wooll bee sold by it selfe with the skinnes of them that are dead of the morrion And when you haue solde your shéepe your wooll and your skinnes aforesaid set vp again in their steades so many shéepe Some men do set vp againe others by the profite they make of them that are dead of the morrion howe I wil tel you if one shéepe dieth suddenly they doe put the flesh into the water so long as from the morning till noone and then do hang it vp and when the water is dried vp they cause it to be salted and dried and if they doe sée that any sheepe beginnes to pine away be it either that her téeth do fall or that her téeth falles not they cause them to be killed powdred and dried as the other and then they doe cause them to be pressed and do spende them at home among their men and iourneymen and so much as the prise amounteth they doe render in season and of that and the skins they do set vp againe so many other shéepe but I wish not you to doe the like Sée that your shéepe be within at home betweene the feast of Saint Martin and Easter I will not say but if the ground be drie and the water be drawen to his course and place and the weather be faire that your muttons may not lie out and let them that be kept at home haue hay either more or lesse according as the weather is and cause to dunge the floore of the sheepecote euery fortenight so as I haue told you heretofore and let straw be laide vpon the same And know ye that you shall haue more profite then if they did lie in the mire and if your sheepe are within in stormie weather let them be by themselues and let them haue of the coursest hay or hay mingled with wheate straw or oate straw well threshed Wherefore I