propension such as is the fires to burn c. or else advisedly Which last sort oâ—â—esire standeth equally inclined to two contraries as a man 's either to walk or not In which also there must be a certain deliberation that is an affection of the mind freely reasoning this election whether pro or con makes no difference Sithence he that disswadeth doth perswade not to do Whence it was necessary that things thus done should be declared by a particular shape face or figure of words Therefore things just now done they called Indicative or Definitive Things to be done before this election or on it depending they called con or Subjunctive Things absolute or no way depending and yet in the power of another they distinguished calling a vote towards a greater Optative and towards a lesser Imperative Lastly whereas certain Verbs do barely express the will power or Inclination of the agent as volo cupâ—o vadeo c. The object of those are expressible either simply or else under time thus Volo cibum cupio imperium video cursum Meat being simply objected to the will Rule to the desire and the course or race to the sight But if I were to manifest these objects under time and action joyntly then were I forc'd to find out some word that might express the action Infinitively that is without Positively defining either as to say Volo comedere cupio imperare video te currere Which infinitive way of expression cannot yet properly be called a Mood sitâ—ence no inclination of the mind is by it manifested Thus far Scaliger So comprehending first the questioning Mood of the Ancients under the Positive Definitive or Indicative Secondly the Hortative under the Imperative and thirdly excluding the Infitâ—tive as aforesaid Dr. Taylor and Mr. Hoole whose pardon I shall not despair of if I transgress the mode by quoting them in their dayes when they know that scribling this at my paternal hermitage in Glamorganshire besides their and the fore-cited I had the sight of no track on this Subject Although out of compliance with our Author they retain the Infinitive yet make but one Mood of the Optative Potential and Subjunctive And in my opinion as tolerably For if Scaliger couldmaintain his exclusion for want of a power to particularize a temporal inclination of the minde why might not they their reduction See the definition all three being expressible under one figure or face Besides that the two last are not essential to the Philosophy but multilocution of a sentence viz that thereby two sentences might be expressible at once The sound of the Potential Latine Mood when single being alwayes expressed by the addition of Possum Volo or Debeo And the Subjunctive elsewhere quotâ—d by Scaliger and that as the sense of an Ancient to be Nonita dictus quia subjungeretur sed quia subjungeret So implicitly confessing its defect until another be joyned to it The same might be said of the Potential which so placed as it intelligibly comprehends Possum c is thereby made capable of the name So that as the Optative Mood is known by its Adverb and the Subjunctive by its conjunction the Potential is manifested by its Subjunctive office without either Adverb or Conjunction thereto joyned under the face of an Optative But whether the Subjunctive deserves the honor of the name as Mr. Hoole Or the Potential as Dr. Taylor Or the Optative added to the Subjunctive as Scaliger Or since we can well explode neither with preservation of the language from its ancient barbarity whether it be not safest to retain them all as we find them ranked by our Author I shall not undertake to determine Only observe that the first intention of Language in and by the whole but teacheth modably to question define require perswade or wish according to the three formal differences of time whether present past or to come The sub-division of the time past into Did Have and Had appearing to have been invented on the same account with the three last noted Moods The Ictus or nick of time being of such quickness as preventeth our notice So that fitst To say an action is imperfectly passed is the same as to say It is passed and not passed Wherefore the exactest Latin Writers have used both promiscuously So that as for Virgils authority cited in maintenance of the contrary where he sings Hìc Templum Junoni ingens Sidonia Dido Condebat Aeneid 1. On which our Author comments Erat enim adhuc in opere I conceive our Author is there to be understood Cum grano Salis even as is the Poet. To whose design then in hand I think I need not be thought at all to derogate from his known merit if I allude a note of Ben. Johnsons viz. That Poet never credit gain'd By writing truth but things like truth well fain'd Chronologers agreeing that Troy was taken in the third year of HABDON Judge of Israel See Helâ— And a Monument yet remaining near old Carthage shewing that the builders or fortifiers of the place were of the sons of Anack who had thither fled from the face of that great Robber So they call'd Joshua the son of Nun. Yet the cause of the first Punic war being by * See Sir Walter Râ—leigh's Hist of the world l. c. c. 5. Historiographers rendred as scarse honorable on the Roman side It might be allowable in Virgil so to represent both that Queen Place and Entertainment To the end that Aeneas his desertion being once believed to have been by an especial * Aeocid 〈◊〉 command from Jupiter he might thereon state a Theme for such a Tract on that war as should much vindicate the reputation of his Countrymen For As the Greeks waging against them as Trojans for their usurpation of a Lady prevailed The Carthaginians grounding their quarrel against them as Romans on a cause contrary might by the same Justice be render'd Authors of their own ruine And thence might he conclude with very seasonable dehortatives from effeminacy and incitements to a perseverance in that prowess which already had deified their Caesars But be it as the Poet there fansieth It appeareth that it was the verse and not the imperfection of the building that invited him to that expression The words following being Donis opulentum numine Divae Otherwise I submit it whether he might not have expressed himself by Condidit as properly as Cicero could write ad Atticum 4. ad Attic. that Postridiè manè ad eum vadebat Secondly To say it is more then perfectly passed is as to add to perfection Besides that HAD except in certain English expressions of the having motion as I had would have had c. is of no use in a single sentence And therefore cannot be more then as a Verbial Conjunction of pass'd actions Nevertheless in order to the foresaid design in Elocution we shall find both these Carabines of the Pretertense to be of
Inhabitants I do it after the oblique my being there so aswell supposing a benefit were it but to the Tavern and Taylor Or if my condition be mean that I must have some way of acquisition to subsist my said being amongst them Wherefore I then say Parisiis As when I would intimate both the place and Inhabitants joyntly I express my self Genitively saying Lutetiae Parisiorum that of the two being the most worthy casual Position Dr. Taylor hath a Rule that baulking the absurdity of teaching the Latine by the English Idiome which in this very particular confounds compleat with imperfect narratives depends much on the same Phylosophy See his Grammar p. 76. Saith he of after a Verb transitive is alwayes expressed by the Preposition de as Loquor de Monarchia The reason is that the relation of the Monarchy being not absolute it falleth short of a transitive and therefore being comprehensible by none other of the said lines the casual word must be usher'd by a Preposition And so our Authors Mereor cum adverbiis the desert not reaching the whole man the Adverb is used circumstantially to express how well or ill much or little which at most amounting but to a part leaves the casual word under the same condemnation Where its further observable that motions tending towards fixt Beings have the circumstance of their failing more elegantly exprest by a note supplying the sense both of Adverb and Preposition as Propè Templum procul urbe c. Thirdly I finde the Preposition to be of use when ever the Causa propter quam of a motion is expressible Prepter dotem as to say John loveth Joan for her dowrie The line of the Verb's governance reaching but a termino in terminum And Fourthly when the formal cause of a motion is also essicient the said lines as they indicate rational rather than material governances so do they the formality not materiality or essence of the word of Sense And therefore saith our Author Baccharis prae ebrietate and Terence è Davo hoc aâ—divi as if he had said Davus told it me And the same 't is when the Active voyce of a Verb becomes Passive where instead of John loveth Joan I say Joan is loved by John he so becoming an efficient cause of her passion as in the second chapter of the first part of this discourse hath been already shewed These as exceptions premis'd I suppose our Author might safely proceed teaching that all Verbs admit an Ablative Case of the Instrument Cause or manaer of an action As 1 Naturam expellas furcá licet usâ— recurret 2 Invidus alterius rebns macrescit opimis 3 Jam veniet tacito curva senecta pede As if he had said The condition of those and the like Ablatives are rationally obvious without a preposited sign although the first doth sound alike with the Nominative as do the other two like the Dative For whatever moveth from its material cause not attracted by the formal doth it weakly and consequently in order to assistance laterally As is demonstrable either by a Spider or Cyphon See the Embleme Else why cannot the Spider mount directly upwards more than the wine can continue its ascending motion through a plain instrument aswell as a lateral we such as the Embleme notifies Semblâ—bly in those examples the motion having no attraction from the word of Sense nature attracting its expulsion no more than another mans prosperity can naturally my leanness must make use of a lateral help to reach it Aud this the first of the said examples doth instance in lenminis the Categorical word of sense in the two last Being umbrated by the Verb Macreâ—cit quasi macrum se râ—ddit So Senecta veâ—ict as if he had said Nos assequetur seu depreheâ—det And in like manner do I apprehend the word of Price Teruncio non emeriâ— Something being necessarily understood that is so bought Lastly Whereas our Author noteth certain untransformed passives by him called Verbs deponent that govern and Ablative barely without Preposition or Categorical word either express or understood as Fungor Fruor Vtor I can no way understand this governance as peculiar to their said voyces while they are also read both with preposited Ablative notes and lineally casual Accusatives as of utor Mr. Hollyoake observeth out of Gel. l. 15. c. 13. And therefore do I conceive it proper for these and the like Verbs only when their final cause is incomprehensible by the formal the casual word so serving as an Instrument Cause or Mode though commonly of a motion other than that it immediately depends on as in the Ciceronian example there produc'd Qui adipisci veram gloriam volunt Justitiae fungantur officiis where the motion tendeth finally towards glory the office being us'd but as a lateral help to reach it As for those genitives he noteth as led away from this rule the offence cannot be impardonable while their Verbs move in order to possession as Hujus indigeo patris c Saving of his excepted Tanti quanti c. which I submit if I may not aswell understand adverbially Sithence I can finde no reason why Quanticunque may not bâ— so taken aswell as Quantumennque both and the rest there cited being equally circumstantial and circumstances often duly prefer'd to demonstrations as is Reason to Sense Whence although the Commentator scruples it I conceive the expression was no way below Petronius while on the fall * Whence probably our Gallants took up their toss glass fashion of TRIMALIO'S Cup he thus sung Heu heu nos miseros quam totus homuncio nil est Sic erimus cuncti postquam nos auferet Orcus Ergo Vivamus dum licet esse bene Neither do I find the like liberty less Emphatically taken by the English Witness that of Dr. Dunne's Both good and well should in our actions meet The wicked is not worse than th' indiscreet Conclusively 4. Whether the Introduction be our Authors I question not since I finde the whole entituled by his name our Author in his Introduction tels us That Verbs transitives are all such as have after them an Accusative case He might have added only sithence its that governance that makes a verb transitive Other Verbs as well governing it accompany'd as Aest mo te bujus Do litcras tibi Impertiâ— Parmenonem salute Whereas the transitive motion both directly tendeth towards and centereth in its formal cause except when it runs as it were through it by governing two accusatives Posce deum veniam so manifesting a confidence of obtaining Whereas we say Veniam Petimus ab ipso Quia poscimus imperiose at Petimus submisse As for the word transitive I do not remember to have read it elsewhere save only in Scapula as Latenizing 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The large signification of whose praeposited part affordeth much of reason for the reception of this rule as general Or if I derive it from
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and then either in imitation of the Peripatetick Phylosophie or the historical consideration of the great City in its various respective conditions between the sheep-hook and the Crozier but form a circle of Cases I shall find the Accusative according to its name just opposite categorical or adverse to the Nominative As when I say John loveth Joan there understanding the action of love directly transfer'd from John to Joan and consequently teaching to place Joan accusatively Or thirdly if I look upon this case as it is the center of the variations of the Noune because placed in the midst of five our Authors six cases making but five variations and then observe the natural intendment of all motion towards the center as its final cause or perfection I must thence conclude this governance as natural as that John should love Joan and consequently understand our Author as telling me That naturally all Verbs do expect the word of sence should serve Accusatively But sithence that there be also motions of design such as the circular See the Emblem oblique and lateral and that accordingly some Verbs move in order to possession others to acquisition and others to occasional action Therefore this rule is to be so understood as that the three other forecited may be received by way of Exception CHAP. 3. Of the Declansions of the Word of Being or Noune Substantive THe third variation of this word of Being is according to its respective Declensions An accident by which the Latines mainly excell in their fore-noted * See the preface fol. 2. magnum in parvo of speech So intelligibly couching the Article under the condition of the Noune as they do the person or pronoune under the termination of the Verb which compells them so to vary the terminations of both declining the first respectively after the five rules mentioned by our Author as followeth 1. Words Masculine and Feminine terminating in a they decline after the first rule as Poeta Musa c. But the neutrals in a they decline after the third as Dogma And the observance hereof is of use to the more ready manifestation of the gender the Neuter otherwise not so soon occurring in regard of their admittance of such dead Beings as contain the living among the Feminines as in the first Chapter of the second part hath been foreshewed 2. Words Identically Masculine and Feminine ending in us or ius they decline after the second rule as Cibus Fluvius Humus but words Feminine of quality they decline after the third as Salus And so do they their identical Neuters as Foedus But tropical neuters so terminatinâ— they decline after the second rule Whence ouâ— Author notes them among the non-crescents as Virus Pelagus c. Whereof the first is neutrally decline only in regard its operation so taken tendeth towards death Virus yet after this rule To manifest that its killing energie is identical to the nature of the thing no otherwise than in respect of the Dos and manner of its use there being otherwise among the three natural bodies no greater Cordials than such as are prepar'd of Opium Viper and Mercuric Thâ— Naturality of the second 's declension I can not well unrevel without some elongation of discourse Pelagus It being a word besides which the Latine hath more appellations for the Sea then any other language I know Whereof four be most significant names viz. Fretum Mare Pontus and Aequor The first properly signifying Creeks or Ferries which at ebbing water be rough current and troublous Whence Fretum quasi fervidum saith Mr. Hollyoake The second signifying all Seas in general Maria ac terras caelumque Profundum Quippe ferant rapidi Aen. 1. Saith Virgil of the winds Mr. Hollyoake derives the word from Marath of the Hebrews which I understand not quoad gustum as he there insinuates but quoad transitum Placataque venti dant Maria Aen. 3. Saith the same Author The third denominating vast Seas and so elegantly formed ab absentiâ Pâ—ntis Coelum undique undique Pontus Saith the Maronian in his fore quoted book And the fourth even or calm Seas ab aequâ— As he elsewhere notes by Aequora tuta silent The rest being rather Epithites than names as Salum i. e. Salsum Caerulum i. e. Caeruleum Hadria i. e. Hadriaticum So Oceanus i. e. Oceanum mare Which Epithites and names so amply denoting the Sea in all respects I know not what should induce them to borrow the only name that the Greek had for it * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pelagus save for a more strict note of that Greek side or arm of the Mediterranean which over against Galatia and upwards themselves also called Mare mortuum whether for its mourning colour or the deadly fewd betwixt them and the bordering Greeks Or else from môr marỽ of the Brittains said to have since planted with Brennius their Captain on that Greek side môr in that language signifying a Sea and marỽ still or dead that being the stillest or according to the Brittish idiome deadlyest Sea my Countrey-men had e're before crossed It was rational this new word of their should be declined neutrally Yet with like caution as hath been fore-noted of Virus the substance thereof speaking it no more neuter than Pontus So Vulgus as it represents a number of living men must be Masculine saving when their joynt stupidity is mentioned with scorn by the more ingenuous And that Catachrestically beyond the bounds-foot of Dutch Boore by so much as a living dog can be supposed better than a dead Lion I have dwel't longer on this particular in regard I know not but there may be more words thus varyed or at leastwise variable according to the Poet or Orator's occasion For The Gender being but an affection of the Noune becomes alterable not only according to the use of the thing specified but also to the present passion or passionate reception of the same Accede ad ignem hanc saith Terence in Eunuchus But I return to our declensions where the mediate Masculines and tropical Feminines in us I observe declinable after the fourth rule as Potus Domus Ignorami socius c. Whereupon if the Question of Pedantius in the Play should be renewed viz. Cur non Potus facit Poti sicut cibus cibi in genitivo The answer would be That the first is supposed to be either water or the juice of vegetives but the other properly living creatures as is observed by the English while they call nothing meat but flesh Or if it should he ask'd Why morbus is declin'd after the second rule and salus after the third The answer were That the second is but a meer qualitative Being but the first a substantial one For as the learned Capivaccius * In cap. de Pâ—hisi hath it Omnis morbus est vel vapor vel minera Thereby excluding all the pretended diseases ab