nor_o can_v they_o go_v direct_o backward_o against_o the_o force_n of_o the_o movent_fw-la it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o they_o diffuse_v themselves_o upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o that_o body_n as_o towards_o o_o and_o p_o which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v 9_o compound_v circular_a motion_n in_o which_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o move_v body_n do_v at_o once_o describe_v circumference_n some_o great_a other_o less_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o several_a distance_n from_o the_o common_a centre_n carry_v about_o with_o it_o such_o body_n as_o be_v not_o fluid_a adhere_v to_o the_o body_n so_o move_v and_o such_o as_o do_v not_o adhere_v it_o cast_v forward_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n which_o be_v a_o tangent_fw-la to_o the_o point_n from_o which_o they_o be_v cast_v off_o for_o let_v there_o be_v a_o circle_n who_o radius_fw-la be_v ab_fw-la in_o the_o four_o figure_n and_o let_v a_o body_n be_v place_v in_o the_o circumference_n in_o b_o which_o if_o it_o be_v fix_v there_o will_v necessary_o be_v carry_v about_o with_o it_o as_o be_v manifest_a of_o itself_o but_o while_o the_o motion_n proceed_v let_v we_o suppose_v that_o body_n to_o be_v unfixed_a in_o b._n i_o say_v the_o body_n will_v continue_v its_o motion_n in_o the_o tangent_fw-la bc._n for_o let_v both_o the_o radius_fw-la ab_fw-la and_o the_o sphere_n b_o be_v conceive_v to_o consist_v of_o hard_a matter_n and_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o radius_fw-la ab_fw-la to_o be_v strike_v in_o the_o point_n b_o by_o some_o other_o body_n which_o fall_v upon_o it_o in_o the_o tangent_fw-la db._n now_o therefore_o there_o will_v be_v a_o motion_n make_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o two_o thing_n the_o one_o endeavour_v towards_o c_o in_o the_o straight_a line_n db_v produce_v in_o which_o the_o body_n b_o will_v proceed_v if_o it_o be_v not_o retain_v by_o the_o radius_fw-la ab_fw-la the_o other_z the_o retention_n itself_o but_o the_o retention_n alone_o cause_v no_o endeavour_n towards_o the_o centre_n and_o therefore_o the_o retention_n be_v take_v away_o which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o unfix_v of_o b_o there_o will_v remain_v but_o one_o endeavour_n in_o b_o namely_o that_o in_o the_o tangent_fw-la bc._n wherefore_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o body_n b_o unfixed_a will_v proceed_v in_o the_o tangent_fw-la bc_n which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o this_o demonstration_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o circular_a motion_n about_o a_o unmoved_a axis_n shake_v off_o and_o put_v further_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o its_o motion_n such_o thing_n as_o touch_v but_o do_v not_o stick_v fast_o to_o its_o superficies_n and_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o the_o distance_n be_v great_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o circular_a motion_n and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o also_o by_o how_o much_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v shake_v off_o be_v less_o drive_v towards_o the_o centre_n by_o the_o fluid_fw-la ambient_fw-la for_o other_o cause_n 10_o if_o in_o a_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la a_o spherical_a body_n be_v move_v with_o simple_a circular_a motion_n and_o in_o the_o same_o medium_fw-la there_o float_v another_o sphere_n who_o matter_n be_v not_o fluid_a this_o sphere_n also_o shall_v be_v move_v with_o simple_a circular_a motion_n let_v bcd_n in_o the_o 5_o figure_n be_v a_o circle_n who_o centre_n be_v a_o and_o in_o who_o circumference_n there_o be_v a_o sphere_n so_o move_v that_o it_o describe_v with_o simple_a motion_n the_o perimeter_n bcd_n let_v also_o efg_o be_v another_o sphere_n of_o consistent_a matter_n who_o semidiameter_n be_v eh_n and_o centre_n h_n and_o with_o the_o radius_fw-la ah_o let_v the_o circle_n he_o be_v describe_v i_o say_v the_o sphere_n efg_v will_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o body_n in_o bcd_n be_v move_v in_o the_o circumference_n he_o with_o simple_a motion_n for_o see_v the_o motion_n in_o bcd_n by_o the_o four_o article_n of_o this_o chapter_n make_v all_o the_o point_n of_o the_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la describe_v in_o the_o same_o time_n circular_a line_n equal_a to_o one_o another_o the_o points_z e_z h_z and_o g_z of_o the_o straight_a line_n ehg_v will_n in_o the_o same_o time_n describe_v with_o equal_a radii_fw-la equal_a circle_n let_v ebb_n be_v draw_v equal_a and_o parallel_v to_o the_o straight_a line_n ah_o and_o let_v ab_fw-la be_v connect_v which_o will_v therefore_o be_v equal_a and_o parallel_v to_o eh_n and_o therefore_o also_o if_o upon_o the_o centre_n b_o and_o radius_fw-la be_v the_o arch_n eke_o be_v draw_v equal_a to_o the_o arch_n he_o and_o the_o straight_a line_n a_z bk_n and_o ik_fw-mi be_v draw_v bk_n and_o ai_fw-fr will_v be_v equal_a and_o they_o will_v also_o be_v parallel_n because_o the_o two_o arch_n eke_o and_o he_o that_o be_v the_o two_o angle_n kbe_n and_o jah_n be_v equal_a and_o consequent_o the_o straight_a line_n ab_fw-la and_o ki_v which_o connect_v they_o will_v also_o be_v equal_a and_o parallel_v wherefore_o ki_n and_o eh_n be_v parallel_n see_v therefore_o e_z and_o h_n be_v carry_v in_o the_o same_o time_n to_o k_o and_o i_o the_o whole_a straight_a line_n ik_fw-mi will_v be_v parallel_n to_o eh_n from_o whence_o it_o depart_v and_o therefore_o see_v the_o sphere_n efg_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o consistent_a matter_n so_o as_o all_o its_o point_n keep_v always_o the_o same_o situation_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o every_o other_o straight_a line_n take_v in_o the_o same_o sphere_n be_v carry_v always_o parallel_v to_o the_o place_n in_o which_o it_o former_o be_v wherefore_o the_o sphere_n efg_n be_v move_v with_o simple_a circular_a motion_n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v 11_o if_o in_o a_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la who_o part_n be_v stir_v by_o a_o body_n move_v with_o simple_a motion_n there_o float_v another_o body_n which_o have_v its_o superficies_n either_o whole_o hard_a or_o whole_o fluid_a the_o part_n of_o this_o body_n shall_v approach_v the_o centre_n equal_o on_o all_o side_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o body_n shall_v be_v circular_a and_o concentrique_fw-la with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o movent_fw-la but_o if_o it_o have_v one_o side_n hard_o and_o the_o other_o side_n fluid_a then_o both_o those_o motion_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o same_o centre_n nor_o shall_v the_o float_a body_n be_v move_v in_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o perfect_a circle_n let_v a_o body_n be_v move_v in_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o circle_n kl_n mn_v in_o the_o 2d_o figure_n who_o centre_n be_v a._n and_o let_v there_o be_v another_o body_n at_o i_o who_o superficies_n be_v either_o all_o hard_a or_o all_o fluid_a also_o let_v the_o medium_fw-la in_o which_o both_o the_o body_n be_v place_v be_v fluid_a i_o say_v the_o body_n at_o i_o will_v be_v move_v in_o the_o circle_n ib_n about_o the_o centre_n a._n for_o this_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o last_o article_n wherefore_o let_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o body_n at_o i_o be_v fluid_a on_o one_o side_n and_o hard_o on_o the_o other_o and_o first_o let_v the_o fluid_a side_n be_v towards_o the_o centre_n see_v therefore_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v such_o as_o that_o its_o part_n do_v continual_o change_v their_o place_n as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o 5_o article_n if_o this_o change_n of_o place_n be_v consider_v in_o those_o part_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o fluid_a superficies_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o small_a part_n of_o that_o superficies_n enter_v into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o small_a part_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o they_o and_o the_o like_a change_n of_o place_n will_v be_v make_v with_o the_o next_o contiguous_a part_n towards_o a._n and_o if_o the_o fluid_a part_n of_o the_o body_n at_o i_o have_v any_o degree_n at_o all_o of_o tenacity_n for_o there_o be_v degree_n of_o tenacity_n as_o in_o the_o air_n and_o water_n the_o whole_a fluid_a side_n will_v be_v lift_v up_o a_o little_a but_o so_o much_o the_o less_o as_o its_o part_n have_v less_o tenacity_n whereas_o the_o hard_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o fluid_a part_n have_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o of_o elevation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v no_o endeavour_n towards_o a._n second_o let_v the_o hard_a superficies_n of_o the_o body_n at_o i_o be_v towards_o a._n by_o reason_n therefore_o of_o the_o say_a change_n of_o place_n of_o the_o part_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o it_o the_o hard_a superficies_n must_v of_o necessity_n see_v by_o supposition_n there_o be_v no_o empty_a space_n either_o come_v near_o to_o a_o or_o else_o its_o small_a part_n must_v supply_v the_o contiguous_a place_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v empty_a but_o this_o can_v be_v by_o reason_n of_o
will_v remain_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o why_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v force_v out_o wherefore_o the_o assertion_n of_o vacuum_n be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o very_a experiment_n which_o be_v here_o bring_v to_o establish_v it_o many_o other_o phaenomena_n be_v usual_o bring_v for_o vacuum_n as_o those_o of_o weather-glass_n aeolipile_n wind-gun_n etc._n etc._n which_o will_v all_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o be_v salve_v unless_o water_n be_v penetrable_a by_o air_n without_o the_o intermixture_n of_o empty_a space_n but_o now_o see_v air_n may_v with_o no_o great_a endeavour_n pass_v through_o not_o only_a water_n but_o any_o other_o fluid_a body_n though_o never_o so_o stubborn_a as_o quicksilver_n these_o phaenomena_n prove_v nothing_o nevertheless_o it_o may_v in_o reason_n be_v expect_v that_o he_o that_o will_v take_v away_o vacuum_n shall_v without_o vacuum_n show_v we_o such_o cause_n of_o these_o phaenomena_n as_o shall_v be_v at_o least_o of_o equal_a if_o not_o great_a probability_n this_o therefore_o shall_v be_v do_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o these_o phaenomena_n in_o their_o proper_a place_n but_o first_o the_o most_o general_a hypothesis_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v to_o be_v premise_v and_o see_v that_o supposition_n be_v put_v for_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o apparent_a effect_n every_o supposition_n except_o such_o as_o be_v absurd_a must_v of_o necessity_n consist_v of_o some_o suppose_a possible_a motion_n for_o rest_n can_v never_o be_v the_o essicient_a cause_n of_o any_o thing_n &_o motion_n suppose_v body_n movable_a of_o which_o there_o be_v three_o kind_n fluid_a consistent_a and_o mix_v of_o both_o fluid_fw-la be_v those_o who_o part_n may_v by_o very_o weak_a endeavonr_n be_v separate_v from_o one_o another_o and_o consistent_a those_o for_o the_o separation_n of_o who_o part_n great_a force_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v there_o be_v therefore_o degree_n of_o consistency_n which_o degree_n by_o comparison_n with_o more_o or_o less_o consistent_a have_v the_o name_n of_o hardness_n or_o softness_n wherefore_o a_o fluid_a body_n be_v always_o divisible_a into_o body_n equal_o fluid_a as_o quantity_n into_o quantity_n and_o soft_a body_n of_o whatsoever_o degree_n of_o softness_n into_o soft_a body_n of_o the_o same_o degree_n and_o though_o many_o man_n seem_v to_o conceive_v no_o other_o difference_n of_o fluidity_n but_o such_o as_o arise_v from_o the_o different_a magnitude_n of_o the_o part_n in_o which_o sense_n dust_n though_o of_o diamond_n may_v be_v call_v fluid_a yet_o i_o understand_v by_o fluidity_n that_o which_o be_v make_v such_o by_o nature_n equal_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o fluid_a body_n not_o as_o dust_n be_v fluid_a for_o so_o a_o house_n which_o be_v fall_v in_o piece_n may_v be_v call_v fluid_fw-la but_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o water_n seem_v fluid_a and_o to_o divide_v itself_o into_o part_n perpetual_o fluid_a and_o this_o be_v well_o understand_v i_o come_v to_o my_o supposition_n 5_o first_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o immense_a space_n which_o we_o call_v the_o world_n be_v the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o body_n which_o be_v either_o consistent_a &_o visible_a as_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o star_n or_o invisible_a as_o the_o small_a atom_n which_o be_v disseminated_a through_o the_o whole_a space_n between_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o star_n and_o last_o that_o most_o fluid_a aether_n which_o so_o fill_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o universe_n as_o that_o it_o leave_v in_o it_o no_o empty_a place_n at_o all_o second_o i_o suppose_v with_o copernicus_n that_o the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o world_n which_o be_v both_o consistent_a and_o permanent_a have_v such_o order_n among_o themselves_o as_o that_o the_o sun_n have_v the_o first_o place_n mercury_n the_o second_o venus_n the_o three_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o moon_n go_v about_o it_o the_o four_o mars_n the_o five_o jupiter_n with_o his_o attendant_n the_o six_o saturn_n the_o seven_o and_o after_o these_o the_o fix_a star_n have_v their_o several_a distance_n from_o the_o sun_n three_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o sun_n &_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n there_o be_v and_o always_o have_v be_v a_o simple_a circular_a motion_n four_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n there_o be_v certain_a other_o body_n intermingle_v which_o be_v not_o fluid_a but_o withal_o that_o they_o be_v so_o small_a that_o they_o be_v not_o preceptible_a by_o sense_n and_o that_o these_o also_o have_v their_o proper_a simple_a motion_n and_o be_v some_o of_o they_o more_o some_o less_o hard_a or_o consistent_a five_o i_o suppose_v with_o kepler_n that_o as_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v to_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o circle_n and_o the_o time_n in_o which_o they_o be_v describe_v by_o the_o body_n which_o be_v in_o they_o i_o will_v suppose_v they_o to_o be_v such_o as_o shall_v seem_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o phaenomena_n in_o question_n 6_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o different_a season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o of_o the_o several_a variation_n of_o day_n and_o night_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v demonstrate_v first_o by_o copernicus_n and_o since_o by_o kepler_n galilaeus_fw-la and_o other_o from_o the_o supposition_n of_o the_o earth_n diurnal_a revolution_n about_o its_o own_o axis_n together_o with_o its_o annual_a motion_n about_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n and_o three_o by_o the_o annual_a revolution_n of_o the_o same_o earth_n about_o its_o own_o centre_n contrary_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n i_o suppose_v with_o copernicus_n that_o the_o diurnal_a revolution_n be_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o the_o aequinoctial_a circle_n be_v describe_v about_o it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o two_o annual_a motion_n they_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o the_o ecliptic_a in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o its_o axis_n be_v always_o keep_v parallel_n to_o itself_o which_o parallelisme_n be_v for_o this_o reason_n introduce_v lest_o by_o the_o earth_n annual_a revolution_n its_o pole_n shall_v seem_v to_o be_v necessary_o carry_v about_o the_o sun_n contrary_a to_o experience_n i_o have_v in_o the_o 10_o artic._n of_o the_o â—â—th_v chap._n demonstrate_v from_o the_o supposition_n of_o simple_a circular_a motion_n in_o the_o sun_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o carry_v about_o the_o sun_n as_o that_o its_o axis_n be_v thereby_o keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o wherefore_o from_o these_o two_o suppose_a motion_n in_o the_o sun_n the_o one_o simple_a circular_a motion_n the_o other_o circular_a motion_n about_o it_o own_v centre_n it_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o year_n have_v both_o the_o same_o variation_n of_o day_n and_o night_n as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o copernicus_n for_o if_o the_o circle_n abcd_v in_o the_o 3d_o figure_n be_v the_o ecliptic_a who_o centre_n be_v e_o and_o diameter_n aec_fw-la and_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o a_o &_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v in_o the_o little_a circle_n fghi_fw-la namely_o according_a to_o the_o order_n f_o g_o h_o &_o i_o it_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o a_o body_n place_v in_o a_o will_v be_v move_v in_o the_o same_o order_n through_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a a_o b_o c_o &_o d_o and_o will_v always_o keep_v its_o axis_n parallel_n to_o its_o self_n but_o if_o as_o i_o have_v suppose_v the_o earth_n also_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a circular_a motion_n in_o a_o plain_a that_o pass_v through_o a_o cut_v the_o plain_a of_o the_o ecliptic_a so_o as_o that_o the_o common_a section_n of_o both_o the_o plain_n be_v in_o ac_fw-la thus_o also_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o for_o let_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v about_o in_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o epicycle_n who_o diameter_n be_v lak_a which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n lac_fw-la therefore_o lak_a the_o diameter_n of_o the_o epicycle_n pass_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o ecliptic_a wherefore_o see_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n simple_a motion_n both_o in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o in_o its_o epicycle_n the_o straight_a line_n lak_a be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o every_o other_o straight_o line_n also_o take_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o consequent_o its_o axis_n will_v in_o like_a manner_n be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v
reach_v the_o zodiac_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n will_v fall_v still_o upon_o the_o same_o fix_a star_n because_o the_o whole_a orb_n a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v no_o magnitude_n at_o all_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n suppose_v now_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v in_o c_o it_o remain_v that_o i_o show_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o earth_n be_v near_a to_o the_o sun_n when_o in_o its_o annual_a motion_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o d_o then_o when_o it_o be_v in_o b._n and_o i_o take_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v this_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o capricorn_n at_o b_o the_o sun_n appear_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n at_o d_o &_o then_o be_v the_o midst_n of_o summer_n but_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v towards_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v almost_o all_o dry_a land_n contain_v all_o europe_n and_o much_o the_o great_a part_n of_o asia_n and_o america_n but_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n at_o d_o it_o be_v the_o midst_n of_o winter_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v towards_o the_o sun_n which_o contain_v those_o great_a sea_n call_v the_o south_n sea_n and_o the_o indian_a sea_n which_o be_v of_o far_o great_a extent_n than_o all_o the_o dry_a land_n in_o that_o hemisphere_n wherefore_o by_o the_o last_o article_n of_o the_o 21_o chapter_n when_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o d_o it_o will_v come_v near_o to_o its_o first_o movent_fw-la that_o be_v to_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v in_o it_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o earth_n be_v near_a to_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n when_o it_o be_v in_o d_o then_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n when_o it_o be_v b_o and_o therefore_o during_o the_o winter_n the_o sun_n be_v in_o its_o perigaeum_n and_o in_o its_o apogaeum_n during_o the_o summer_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v show_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v i_o be_o therefore_o of_o keplers_n opinion_n in_o this_o that_o he_o attribute_n the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o part_n thereof_o and_o suppose_v one_o part_n to_o be_v affect_v and_o another_o disaffect_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o i_o dissent_v from_o he_o in_o this_o that_o he_o think_v it_o to_o be_v by_o magnetic_a virtue_n and_o that_o this_o magnetic_a virtue_n or_o attraction_n and_o thrust_v back_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v wrought_v by_o immateriate_a species_n which_o can_v be_v because_o nothing_o can_v give_v motion_n but_o a_o body_n move_v and_o contiguous_a for_o if_o those_o body_n be_v not_o move_v which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o a_o body_n unmoved_a how_o this_o body_n shall_v begin_v to_o be_v move_v be_v not_o imaginable_a as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o seven_o article_n of_o the_o 9th_o chapter_n and_o often_o inculcate_v in_o other_o place_n to_o the_o end_n that_o philosopher_n may_v at_o last_o abstain_v from_o the_o use_n of_o such_o unconceivable_a connexion_n of_o word_n i_o dissent_v also_o from_o he_o in_o this_o that_o he_o say_v the_o similitude_n of_o body_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o mutual_a attraction_n for_o if_o it_o be_v so_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o one_o egg_n shall_v not_o be_v attract_v by_o another_o if_o therefore_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o affect_v by_o the_o sun_n than_o another_o part_n it_o proceed_v from_o this_o that_o one_o part_n have_v more_o water_n the_o other_o more_o dry_a land_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v as_o i_o show_v above_o that_o the_o earth_n come_v near_a to_o the_o sun_n when_o it_o shine_v upon_o that_o part_n where_o there_o be_v more_o water_n then_o when_o it_o shine_v upon_o that_o where_o there_o be_v more_o dry_a land_n 9_o this_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o way_n of_o its_o annual_a motion_n be_v not_o a_o perfect_a circle_n but_o either_o a_o elliptical_a or_o almost_o a_o elliptical_a line_n as_o also_o why_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o keep_v exact_o parallel_v to_o itself_o in_o all_o place_n but_o only_o in_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n now_o see_v i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v carry_v about_o by_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n go_v about_o the_o sun_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o it_o show_v sometime_o one_o hemisphere_n sometime_o the_o other_o to_o the_o sun_n it_o remain_v to_o be_v inquire_v why_o the_o moon_n have_v always_o one_o and_o the_o same_o face_n turn_v towards_o the_o earth_n suppose_v therefore_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a motion_n in_o the_o little_a circle_n f_o g_o h_o i_o in_o the_o four_o figure_n who_o centre_n be_v it_o and_o let_v ♈_o ♋_o ♎_o ♑_o be_v the_o annual_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o a_o the_o beginning_n of_o libra_n about_o the_o point_n a_o let_v the_o little_a circle_n l_o k_o be_v describe_v and_o in_o it_o let_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a motion_n and_o both_o the_o sun_n &_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v move_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n upon_o the_o centre_n a_o let_v the_o way_n of_o the_o moon_n m_o n_o o_o p_o be_v describe_v and_o let_v q_o r_o be_v the_o diameter_n of_o a_o circle_n cut_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o moon_n into_o two_o hemisphere_n whereof_o one_o be_v see_v by_o we_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v at_o the_o full_a and_o the_o other_o be_v turn_v from_o we_o the_o diameter_n therefore_o of_o the_o moon_n q_o o_o r_o will_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o straight_a line_n t_o a._n wherefore_o the_o moon_n be_v carry_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o o_o towards_o p._n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n if_o it_o be_v in_o p_o it_o will_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v carry_v from_o p_o towards_o o_o and_o by_o these_o two_o contrary_a movent_n the_o straight_a line_n q_o r_o will_v be_v turn_v about_o and_o in_o a_o quadrant_n of_o the_o circle_n m_o n_o o_o p_o it_o will_v be_v turn_v so_o much_o as_o make_v the_o four_o part_n of_o its_o whole_a conversion_n wherefore_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o p_o q_o r_o will_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o straight_a line_n m_o o._n second_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o m_o the_o straight_a line_n q_o r_o will_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o m_o o._n but_o by_o the_o work_n of_o the_o sun_n motion_n upon_o it_o in_o the_o quadrant_a p_o m_z toâ—_n same_o q_o r_o will_v be_v turn_v so_o much_o as_o make_v another_o quarter_n of_o its_o whole_a conversion_n when_o therefore_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o m_o q_o r_o will_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o straight_a line_n o_o m._n by_o the_o same_o reason_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o n_o q_o r_o will_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o straight_a line_n m_o o_fw-mi and_o the_o moon_n return_v to_o o_o the_o same_o q_o r_o will_v return_v to_o its_o first_o place_n and_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n will_v in_o one_o entire_a period_n make_v also_o one_o entire_a conversion_n upon_o her_o own_o axis_n in_o the_o make_n of_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o face_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v always_o turn_v towards_o the_o earth_n and_o if_o any_o diameter_n be_v take_v in_o that_o little_a circle_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v carry_v about_o with_o simple_a motion_n the_o same_o effect_n will_v follow_v for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o action_n from_o the_o sun_n every_o diameter_n of_o the_o moon_n will_v be_v carry_v about_o always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o wherefore_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n why_o one_o and_o the_o same_o face_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v always_o turn_v towards_o the_o earth_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v without_o the_o ecliptic_a we_o do_v not_o always_o see_v the_o same_o face_n precise_o for_o we_o see_v only_o that_o part_n which_o be_v illuminate_v but_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v without_o the_o ecliptic_a that_o part_n which_o be_v towards_o we_o be_v not_o exact_o the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o be_v illuminate_v 10_o to_o these_o three_o simple_a motion_n one_o of_o the_o sun_n another_o of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o three_o of_o the_o earth_n in_o their_o own_o little_a circle_n f_o g_o h_o i_o l_o k_o &_o q_o r_o together_o with_o the_o diurnal_a
conversion_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o conversion_n all_o thing_n that_o adhere_v to_o its_o superficies_n be_v necessary_o carry_v about_o with_o it_o may_v be_v refer_v the_o three_o phaenomena_n concern_v the_o tide_n of_o the_o ocean_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v the_o alternate_a elevation_n and_o depression_n of_o the_o water_n at_o the_o shore_n twice_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 24_o hour_n and_o near_o upon_o 52_o minute_n for_o so_o it_o have_v constant_o continue_v in_o all_o age_n the_o second_o that_o at_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o water_n be_v great_a then_o at_o other_o time_n between_o and_o the_o three_o that_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a they_o be_v yet_o great_a than_o at_o any_o other_o time_n for_o the_o salve_v of_o which_o phaenomena_n we_o have_v already_o the_o four_o abovementioned_a motion_n to_o which_o i_o assume_v also_o this_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v call_v america_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n and_o extend_v almost_o the_o space_n of_o a_o whole_a semicircle_n from_o north_n to_o south_n give_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n this_o be_v grant_v in_o the_o same_o four_o figure_n where_o l_o b_o k_o c_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o moon_n monthly_a motion_n let_v the_o little_a circle_n l_o d_o k_o e_o be_v describe_v about_o the_o same_o centre_n a_o in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a this_o circle_n therefore_o will_v decline_v from_o the_o circle_n l_o b_o k_o c_o in_o a_o angle_n of_o almost_o 28_o degree_n and_o ½_o for_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v 23½_n to_o which_o add_v 5_o for_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o sum_n will_v be_v 28_o degree_n and_o ½_o see_v now_o the_o water_n which_o be_v under_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o moon_n course_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n simple_a motion_n in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o same_o circle_n move_v together_o with_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v together_o with_o their_o own_o bottom_n neither_o out-going_a nor_o outgo_v if_o we_o add_v the_o diurnal_a motion_n by_o which_o the_o other_o water_n which_o be_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v move_v in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o consider_v withal_o that_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o of_o the_o equinoctial_a intersect_n one_o another_o it_o will_v be_v manifest_a that_o both_o those_o water_n which_o be_v under_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a will_v run_v together_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o consequent_o that_o their_o motion_n will_v not_o only_o be_v swift_a than_o the_o ground_n that_o carry_v they_o but_o also_o that_o the_o water_n themselves_o will_v have_v great_a elevation_n whensoever_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a wherefore_o whatsoever_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o tide_n may_v be_v this_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o augmentation_n at_o that_o time_n again_o see_v i_o have_v suppose_v the_o moon_n to_o be_v carry_v about_o by_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o little_a circle_n lbkc_n and_o demonstrate_v at_o the_o 4_o article_n of_o the_o 21_o chapter_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v move_v by_o a_o movent_fw-la that_o have_v simple_a motion_n will_v be_v move_v always_o with_o the_o same_o velocity_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v carry_v in_o the_o circumference_n lbkc_n with_o the_o same_o velocity_n with_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v carry_v in_o the_o circumference_n mnop_n wherefore_o the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o mnop_n be_v to_o the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o lbkc_n as_o one_o circumference_n to_o the_o other_o that_o be_v as_o ao_o to_o ak_v but_o ao_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o 59_o to_o 1_o and_o therefore_o the_o earth_n if_o ak_v be_v put_v for_o its_o semidiameter_n will_v make_v 59_o revolution_n in_o lbkc_n in_o the_o time_n that_o the_o moon_n make_v one_o monthly_a circuit_n in_o mnop_n but_o the_o moon_n make_v her_o monthly_a circuit_n in_o little_a more_o than_o 29_o day_n wherefore_o the_o earth_n shall_v make_v its_o circuit_n in_o the_o circumference_n lbkc_n in_o 12_o hour_n and_o a_o little_a more_o namely_o about_o 26_o minute_n more_o that_o be_v to_o say_v it_o shall_v make_v two_o circuit_n in_o 24_o hour_n and_o almost_o 52_o minute_n which_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v the_o time_n between_o the_o high_a water_n of_o one_o day_n and_o the_o high_a water_n of_o the_o day_n follow_v now_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o america_n their_o motion_n will_v be_v interrupt_v there_o and_o consequent_o they_o will_v be_v elevate_v in_o those_o place_n and_o sink_v down_o again_o by_o their_o own_o weight_n twice_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 24_o hour_n and_o 52_o minute_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o the_o diurnal_a reciprocation_n of_o the_o ocean_n now_o from_o this_o swell_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o those_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n proceed_v the_o flow_n and_o ebb_n in_o the_o atlantic_a spanish_a british_a and_o german_a sea_n which_o though_o they_o have_v their_o set_a time_n yet_o upon_o several_a shore_n they_o happen_v at_o several_a hour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o they_o receive_v some_o augmentation_n from_o the_o north_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o shore_n of_o china_n and_o tartary_n hinder_v the_o general_a course_n of_o the_o water_n make_v they_o swell_v there_o and_o discharge_v themselves_o in_o part_n through_o the_o straight_a of_o anian_a into_o the_o northern_a ocean_n and_o so_o into_o the_o german_a sea_n as_o for_o the_o spring_n tide_n which_o happen_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o new_a &_o full_a moon_n they_o be_v cause_v by_o that_o simple_a motion_n which_o at_o the_o beginning_n i_o suppose_v to_o be_v always_o in_o the_o moon_n for_o as_o when_o i_o show_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o derive_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o the_o same_o may_v here_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o moon_n for_o though_o from_o the_o generation_n of_o cloud_n there_o appear_v in_o the_o sun_n a_o more_o manifest_a power_n of_o elevate_a the_o water_n then_o in_o the_o moon_n yet_o the_o power_n of_o increase_a moisture_n in_o vegetable_n and_o live_a creature_n appear_v more_o manifest_o in_o the_o moon_n then_o in_o the_o sun_n which_o may_v perhaps_o proceed_v from_o this_o that_o the_o sun_n raise_v up_o great_a and_o the_o moon_n lesser_a drop_n of_o water_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v more_o likely_a and_o more_o agreeable_a to_o common_a observation_n that_o rain_n be_v raise_v not_o only_o by_o the_o sun_n but_o also_o by_o the_o moon_n for_o almost_o all_o man_n expect_v change_v of_o weather_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n with_o one_o another_o and_o with_o the_o earth_n more_o than_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o quarter_n in_o the_o last_o place_n the_o cause_n why_o the_o spring_n tide_n be_v great_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o aequinox_n have_v be_v already_o sufficient_o declare_v in_o this_o article_n where_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o two_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n namely_o its_o simple_a motion_n in_o the_o little_a circle_n lbkc_n and_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n in_o ldke_n cause_n necessary_o a_o great_a elevation_n of_o water_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v about_o the_o aequinox_n then_o when_o he_o be_v in_o other_o place_n i_o have_v therefore_o give_v possible_a cause_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n of_o the_o flow_v and_o ebb_a of_o the_o ocean_n 11_o as_o for_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o yearly_a praecession_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a point_n we_o must_v remember_v that_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v the_o annual_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o in_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o circle_n but_o of_o a_o ellipsis_n or_o a_o line_n not_o considerable_o different_a from_o that_o of_o a_o ellipsis_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o this_o elliptical_a line_n be_v to_o be_v describe_v let_v the_o ecliptic_a ♎_o ♑_o ♈_o ♋_o in_o the_o 5_o figure_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o equal_a part_n by_o the_o two_o straight_a line_n ab_fw-la and_o ♑_o ♋_o cut_v one_o another_o at_o right_a angle_n in_o the_o centre_n c_o and_o take_v the_o arch_n bd_v of_o 2_o degree_n and_o 16_o minute_n let_v the_o straight_a line_n de_fw-fr be_v draw_v parallel_n to_o ab_fw-la and_o cut_n ♑_o ♋_o in_o f_z
as_o water_n 8_o another_o cause_n of_o hardness_n from_o the_o full_a contact_n of_o atom_n also_o how_o hard_a thing_n be_v break_v 9_o a_o three_o cause_n of_o hardness_n from_o heat_n 10_o a_o four_o cause_n of_o hardness_n from_o the_o motion_n of_o atom_n enclose_v in_o a_o narrow_a space_n 11_o how_o hard_a thing_n be_v soften_v 12_o whence_o proceed_v the_o spontaneous_a restitution_n of_o thing_n bent._n 13_o diaphanous_a and_o opacous_a what_o they_o be_v and_o whence_o 14_o the_o cause_n of_o lightning_n and_o thunder_n 15_o whence_o it_o proceed_v that_o cloud_n can_v fall_v again_o after_o they_o be_v once_o elevate_v and_o freeze_a 16_o how_o it_o can_v be_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v eclipse_v when_o she_o be_v not_o diametral_o opposite_a to_o the_o sun_n 17_o by_o what_o mean_v many_o sun_n may_v appear_v at_o once_o 18_o of_o the_o head_n of_o river_n 1_o as_o when_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la aethereal_a substance_n make_v the_o spirit_n and_o fluid_a part_n of_o our_o body_n tend_v outward_o we_o acknowledge_v heat_n so_o by_o the_o endeavour_n inward_o of_o the_o same_o spirit_n and_o humour_n we_o feel_v cold._a so_o that_o to_o cool_v be_v to_o make_v the_o exterior_a part_n of_o the_o body_n endeavour_v inward_o by_o a_o motion_n contrary_n to_o that_o of_o calefaction_n by_o which_o the_o internal_a part_n be_v call_v outward_o he_o therefore_o that_o will_v know_v the_o cause_n of_o cold_a must_v find_v by_o what_o motion_n or_o motion_n the_o exterior_a part_n of_o any_o body_n endeavour_v to_o retire_v inward_o to_o begin_v with_o those_o phaenomena_n which_o be_v the_o most_o familiar_a there_o be_v almost_o no_o man_n but_o know_v that_o breath_n blow_v strong_o and_o which_o come_v from_o the_o mouth_n with_o violence_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o passage_n be_v straight_o will_v cool_v the_o hand_n and_o that_o the_o same_o breath_n blow_v gentle_o that_o be_v to_o say_v through_o a_o great_a aperture_n will_v warm_v the_o same_o the_o cause_n of_o which_o phaenomenon_n may_v be_v this_o the_o breath_n go_v out_o have_v two_o motion_n the_o one_o of_o the_o whole_a and_o direct_a by_o which_o the_o foremost_a part_n of_o the_o hand_n be_v drive_v inward_o the_o other_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o small_a particle_n of_o the_o same_o breath_n which_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o 3d_o article_n of_o the_o last_o chapter_n cause_v heat_n according_a therefore_o as_o either_o of_o these_o motion_n be_v predominant_a so_o there_o be_v the_o sense_n sometime_o of_o cold_a sometime_o of_o heat_n wherefore_o when_o the_o breath_n be_v soft_o breathe_v out_o at_o a_o large_a passage_n that_o simple_a motion_n which_o cause_v heat_n prevail_v and_o consequent_o heat_n be_v feel_v and_o when_o by_o compress_v the_o lip_n the_o breath_n be_v more_o strong_o blow_v out_o then_o be_v the_o direct_a motion_n prevalent_a which_o make_v we_o feel_v cold._a for_o the_o direct_a motion_n of_o the_o breath_n or_o air_n be_v wind_n and_o all_o wind_n cool_v or_o diminish_v former_a heat_n 2_o and_o see_v not_o only_o great_a wind_n but_o almost_o any_o ventilation_n and_o stir_v of_o the_o air_n do_v refrigerate_v the_o reason_n of_o many_o experiment_n concern_v cold_a can_v well_o be_v give_v without_o find_v first_o what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o wind._n now_o wind_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o direct_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n thrust_v forward_o which_o nevertheless_o when_o many_o wind_n concur_v may_v be_v circular_a or_o otherwise_o indirect_a as_o it_o be_v in_o whirlwind_n wherefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o be_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o wind_n wind_n be_v aire_n move_v in_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n and_o that_o either_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o wave_n which_o be_v both_o forward_o &_o also_o up_o &_o down_o or_o else_o forward_o only_a suppose_v therefore_o the_o air_n both_o clear_a and_o calm_a for_o any_o time_n how_o little_a soever_o yet_o the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o world_n be_v so_o dispose_v and_o order_v as_o have_v be_v say_v it_o will_v be_v necessary_a that_o a_o wind_n present_o arise_v some_o where_o for_o see_v that_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o own_o epicycle_n cause_v a_o exhalation_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o water_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o other_o moist_a body_n and_o those_o particle_n make_v cloud_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o while_o the_o particle_n of_o water_n pass_v upward_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o all_o space_n full_a be_v justle_v out_o on_o every_o side_n and_o urge_v the_o next_o particle_n and_o these_o the_o next_o till_o have_v make_v their_o circuit_n there_o come_v continual_o so_o much_o air_n to_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o there_o go_v water_n from_o before_o it_o wherefore_o the_o ascend_a vapour_n move_v the_o air_n towards_o the_o side_n every_o way_n and_o all_o direct_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n be_v wind_n they_o make_v a_o wind._n and_o if_o this_o wind_n meet_v often_o with_o other_o vapour_n which_o arise_v in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o force_n thereof_o will_v be_v augment_v &_o the_o way_n or_o course_n of_o it_o change_v beside_o according_a as_o the_o earth_n by_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n turn_v sometime_o the_o dry_a sometime_o the_o moist_a part_n towards_o the_o sun_n so_o sometime_o a_o great_a sometime_o a_o less_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n will_v be_v raise_v that_o be_v to_o say_v sometime_o there_o will_v be_v a_o less_o sometime_o a_o great_a wind._n wherefore_o i_o have_v render_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o such_o wind_n as_o be_v generate_v by_o vapour_n and_o also_o of_o their_o inconstancy_n from_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o these_o wind_n can_v be_v make_v in_o any_o place_n which_o be_v high_o than_o that_o to_o which_o vapour_n may_v ascend_v nor_o be_v that_o incredible_a which_o be_v report_v of_o the_o high_a mountain_n as_o the_o pique_n of_o tenariffe_n and_o the_o andes_n of_o peru_n namely_o that_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o trouble_a with_o these_o inconstant_a wind_n and_o if_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o neither_o rain_n nor_o snow_n be_v ever_o see_v in_o the_o high_a top_n of_o those_o mountain_n it_o can_v not_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o they_o be_v high_a than_o any_o place_n to_o which_o vapour_n use_v to_o ascend_v 3_o nevertheless_o there_o may_v be_v wind_n there_o though_o not_o that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o ascent_n of_o vapour_n yet_o a_o less_o &_o more_o constant_a wind_n like_o the_o continue_a blast_n of_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o blow_v from_o the_o east_n and_o this_o may_v have_v a_o double_a cause_n the_o one_o the_o diurnal_a mo_z tion_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o its_o simple_a motion_n in_o its_o own_o epicycle_n for_o these_o mountain_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o height_n more_o eminent_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v by_o both_o these_o motion_n drive_v the_o air_n from_o the_o west_n eastward_n to_o which_o though_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n contribute_v but_o little_a yet_o see_v i_o have_v suppose_v that_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o its_o own_o epicycle_n make_v two_o revolution_n in_o the_o same_o time_n in_o which_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n make_v but_o one_o and_o that_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o epicycle_n be_v double_a to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o diurnal_a conversion_n the_o motion_n of_o every_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o its_o own_o epicycle_n will_v have_v its_o velocity_n quadruple_a to_o that_o of_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n so_o that_o by_o both_o these_o motion_n together_o the_o top_n of_o those_o hill_n will_v sensible_o be_v move_v against_o the_o air_n and_o consequent_o a_o wind_n will_v be_v feel_v for_o whether_o the_o air_n strike_v the_o sentient_a or_o the_o sentient_a the_o air_n the_o perception_n of_o motion_n will_v be_v the_o same_o but_o this_o wind_n see_v it_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o ascent_n of_o vapour_n must_v necessary_o be_v very_o constant._n 4_o when_o one_o cloud_n be_v already_o ascend_v into_o the_o air_n if_o another_o cloud_n ascend_v towards_o it_o that_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v intercept_v between_o they_o both_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v press_v out_o every_o way_n also_o when_o both_o of_o they_o while_o the_o one_o ascend_v and_o the_o other_o either_o stay_v or_o descend_v come_v to_o be_v join_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o the_o aethereal_a substance_n be_v shut_v within_o they_o on_o every_o side_n it_o will_v by_o this_o compression_n also_o go_v out_o by_o penetrate_v the_o water_n
but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o hard_a particle_n which_o be_v mingle_v with_o the_o air_n and_o be_v agitate_a as_o i_o have_v suppose_v with_o simple_a motion_n will_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o water_n of_o the_o cloud_n but_o be_v more_o straight_o compress_v within_o their_o cavity_n and_o this_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v at_o the_o four_o and_o 5_o article_n of_o the_o 22th_o chapter_n beside_o see_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n float_v in_o the_o air_n which_o be_v agitate_a by_o the_o sun_n motion_n the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n resist_v by_o the_o earth_n will_v spread_v themselves_o every_o way_n upon_o the_o earth_n superficies_n as_o i_o have_v show_v at_o the_o 8_o article_n of_o the_o 21th_o chapter_n 5_o we_o perceive_v a_o body_n to_o be_v hard_a from_o this_o that_o when_o touch_v it_o we_o will_v thrust_v forward_o that_o part_n of_o the_o same_o which_o we_o touch_v we_o can_v do_v it_o otherwise_o then_o by_o thrust_v forward_o the_o whole_a body_n we_o may_v indeed_o easy_o and_o sensible_o thrust_v forward_o any_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n or_o water_n which_o we_o touch_v whilst_o yet_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o part_n remain_v to_o sense_n unmoved_a but_o we_o can_v do_v so_o to_o any_o part_n of_o a_o stone_n wherefore_o i_o define_v a_o hard_a body_n to_o be_v that_o whereof_o no_o part_n can_v be_v sensible_o move_v unless_o the_o whole_a be_v move_v whatsoever_o therefore_o be_v soft_a or_o fluid_a the_o same_o can_v never_o be_v make_v hard_o but_o by_o such_o motion_n as_o make_v many_o of_o the_o part_n together_o stop_v the_o motion_n of_o some_o one_o part_n by_o resist_v the_o same_o 6_o these_o thing_n premise_v i_o shall_v show_v a_o possible_a cause_n why_o there_o be_v great_a cold_a near_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o further_o from_o they_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n between_o the_o tropic_n drive_v the_o air_n towards_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n superficies_n which_o be_v perpendicular_o under_o it_o make_v it_o spread_v itself_o every_o way_n and_o the_o velocity_n of_o this_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n grow_v great_a and_o great_a as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n come_v to_o be_v more_o and_o more_o straighten_v that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la come_v to_o be_v less_o and_o less_o wherefore_o this_o expansive_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n drive_v before_o it_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v in_o its_o way_n continual_o towards_o the_o pole_n more_o and_o more_o strong_o as_o its_o force_n come_v to_o be_v more_o and_o more_o unite_a that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v less_o and_o less_o that_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o those_o place_n therefore_o which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n there_o be_v great_a cold_a then_o in_o those_o which_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o they_o now_o this_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o east_n to_o west_n do_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n perpetual_a accession_n to_o the_o place_n which_o be_v successive_o under_o it_o make_v it_o cold_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v but_o as_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o be_v continual_o more_o and_o more_o perpendicular_a to_o those_o cool_v place_n so_o by_o the_o heat_n which_o be_v generate_v by_o the_o superven_a simple_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o cold_a be_v again_o remit_v and_o can_v never_o be_v great_a because_o the_o action_n by_o the_o which_o it_o be_v generate_v be_v not_o permanent_a wherefore_o i_o have_v render_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o cold_a in_o those_o place_n that_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n or_o where_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v great_a 7_o how_o water_n may_v be_v congeal_v by_o cold_a may_v be_v explain_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v a_o in_o the_o first_o figure_n represent_v the_o sun_n and_o b_o the_o earth_n a_o will_v therefore_o be_v much_o great_a than_o b._n let_v of_o be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a to_o which_o let_v gh_a ik_fw-mi and_o lc_n be_v parallel_n last_o let_v c_o and_o d_o be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o air_n therefore_o by_o its_o action_n in_o those_o parallel_n will_v rake_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o with_o motion_n so_o much_o the_o strong_a by_o how_o much_o the_o parallel_a circle_n towards_o the_o pole_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o from_o whence_o must_v arise_v a_o wind_n which_o will_v force_v together_o the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o withal_o raise_v they_o a_o little_a weaken_v their_o endeavour_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o their_o endeavour_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n join_v with_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o say_a wind_n the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v press_v together_o and_o coagulate_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v skin_v over_o and_o harden_v and_o so_o again_o the_o water_n next_o the_o top_n will_v be_v harden_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n till_o at_o length_n the_o ice_n be_v thick_a and_o this_o ice_n be_v now_o compact_v of_o little_a hard_a body_n must_v also_o contain_v many_o particle_n of_o air_n receive_v into_o it_o as_o river_n and_o sea_n so_o also_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n may_v the_o cloud_n be_v freeze_v for_o when_o by_o the_o ascend_a and_o descend_v of_o several_a cloud_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o air_n intercept_v between_o they_o be_v by_o compression_n force_v out_o it_o rake_n &_o by_o little_a &_o little_o harden_v they_o and_o though_o those_o small_a drop_n which_o usual_o make_v cloud_n be_v not_o yet_o unite_v into_o great_a body_n yet_o the_o same_o wind_n will_v be_v make_v &_o by_o it_o as_o water_n be_v congeal_v into_o ice_n so_o will_v vapour_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v congeal_v into_o snow_n from_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o ice_n may_v be_v make_v by_o art_n and_o that_o not_o far_o from_o the_o fire_n for_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o mingle_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n together_o and_o by_o bury_v in_o it_o a_o small_a vessel_n full_a of_o water_n now_o while_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o have_v in_o they_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o air_n be_v melt_v the_o air_n which_o be_v press_v out_o every_o way_n in_o wind_n rake_n the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o as_o the_o wind_n by_o its_o motion_n rake_n the_o vessel_n so_o the_o vessel_n by_o the_o same_o motion_n and_o action_n congeles_fw-la the_o water_n within_o it_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o cold_a be_v always_o more_o remiss_a in_o place_n where_o it_o rain_v or_o where_o the_o weather_n be_v cloudy_a thing_n be_v alike_o in_o all_o other_o respect_n then_o where_o the_o air_n be_v clear_a and_o this_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o what_o i_o have_v say_v before_o for_o in_o clear_a weather_n the_o course_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o as_o i_o say_v even_o now_o rake_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v free_a from_o all_o interruption_n so_o also_o it_o be_v very_o strong_a but_o when_o small_a drop_n of_o water_n be_v either_o rise_n or_o fall_v that_o wind_n be_v repel_v break_v and_o dissipate_v by_o they_o and_o the_o less_o the_o wind_n be_v the_o less_o be_v the_o cold._n we_o find_v also_o by_o experience_n that_o in_o deep_a well_n the_o water_n freeze_v not_o so_o much_o as_o it_o do_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o wind_n by_o which_o ice_n be_v make_v enter_v into_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o laxity_n of_o its_o part_n more_o or_o less_o lose_v some_o of_o its_o force_n though_o not_o much_o so_o that_o if_o the_o well_o be_v not_o deep_a it_o will_v freeze_v whereas_o if_o it_o be_v so_o deep_a as_o that_o the_o wind_n which_o cause_v cold_a can_v reach_v it_o it_o will_v not_o freeze_v we_o find_v moreover_o by_o experience_n that_o ice_n be_v light_a than_o water_n the_o cause_n whereof_o be_v manifest_a from_o that_o which_o i_o have_v already_o show_v namely_o that_o air_n be_v receive_v in_o and_o mingle_v with_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o water_n while_o it_o be_v in_o congeling_n 8_o we_o have_v see_v one_o way_n of_o make_v thing_n hard_a namely_o by_o congelation_n another_o way_n be_v thus_o have_v already_o suppose_v that_o innumerable_a atom_n some_o hard_a than_o other_o and_o that_o have_v several_a simple_a motion_n of_o their_o own_o be_v intermingle_v with_o the_o aethereal_a substance_n
in_o all_o concussion_n a_o reciprocation_n of_o motion_n forward_o and_o backward_o in_o the_o part_n strike_v for_o opposite_a motion_n can_v extinguish_v one_o another_o in_o a_o instant_n as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o 11_o art_n of_o the_o 8_o chap._n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o the_o sound_n will_v both_o continue_v and_o grow_v weak_a and_o weak_a till_o at_o last_o the_o action_n of_o the_o reciprocate_a air_n grow_v so_o weak_a as_o to_o be_v unperceptible_a wherefore_o a_o possible_a cause_n be_v give_v both_o of_o the_o first_o fierce_a noise_n of_o the_o thunder_n and_o also_o of_o the_o murmur_n that_o follow_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a sound_n from_o a_o discharge_v piece_n of_o ordnance_n be_v like_o that_o of_o a_o clap_n of_o thunder_n for_o the_o gunpowder_n be_v fire_v do_v in_o its_o endeavour_n to_o go_v out_o attempt_v every_o way_n the_o side_n of_o the_o metal_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o it_o enlarge_v the_o circumference_n all_o along_o and_o withal_o shorten_v the_o axis_fw-la so_o that_o while_o the_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n be_v in_o discharge_v it_o be_v make_v both_o wide_a and_o short_a than_o it_o be_v before_o and_o therefore_o also_o present_o after_o it_o be_v discharge_v its_o wideness_n will_v be_v diminish_v and_o its_o length_n increase_v again_o by_o the_o restitution_n of_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o which_o it_o consist_v to_o their_o former_a position_n and_o this_o be_v do_v with_o such_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n as_o be_v not_o only_o very_o vehement_a but_o also_o opposite_a to_o one_o another_o which_o motion_n be_v communicate_v to_o the_o air_n make_v impression_n upon_o the_o organ_n and_o by_o the_o reaction_n of_o the_o organ_n create_v a_o sound_n which_o last_v for_o some_o time_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v in_o this_o article_n i_o note_v by_o the_o way_n as_o not_o belong_v to_o this_o place_n that_o the_o possible_a cause_n why_o a_o gun_n recoil_v when_o it_o be_v shoot_v off_o may_v be_v this_o that_o be_v first_o swell_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o afterward_o restore_v itself_o from_o this_o restitution_n there_o proceed_v a_o endeavour_n from_o all_o the_o side_n towards_o the_o cavity_n and_o consequent_o this_o endeavour_n be_v in_o those_o part_n which_o be_v next_o the_o breech_n which_o be_v not_o hollow_a but_o solid_a the_o effect_n of_o the_o restitution_n be_v by_o it_o hinder_v and_o divert_v into_o the_o length_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v both_o the_o breech_n and_o the_o whole_a gun_n be_v thrust_v backward_o and_o the_o more_o forcible_o by_o how_o much_o the_o force_n be_v great_a by_o which_o the_o part_n next_o the_o breech_n be_v restore_v to_o its_o former_a posture_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o how_o much_o the_o thin_a be_v that_o part_n the_o cause_n therefore_o why_o gun_n recoil_v some_o more_o some_o less_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o their_o thickness_n towards_o the_o breech_n &_o the_o great_a that_o thickness_n be_v the_o less_o they_o recoil_v and_o contrary_o 6_o also_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o pipe_n which_o be_v make_v by_o blow_v into_o it_o be_v nevertheless_o clear_a be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o sound_n which_o be_v make_v by_o collision_n for_o if_o the_o breath_n when_o it_o be_v blow_v into_o a_o pipe_n do_v only_o rake_v its_o concave_a superficies_n or_o fall_v upon_o it_o with_o a_o very_a sharp_a angle_n of_o incidence_n the_o sound_n will_v not_o be_v clear_a but_o hoarse_a but_o if_o the_o angle_n be_v great_a enough_o the_o percussion_n which_o be_v make_v against_o one_o of_o the_o hollow_a side_n will_v be_v reverberate_v to_o the_o opposite_a side_n and_o so_o successive_a repercussion_n will_v be_v make_v from_o side_n to_o side_n till_o at_o last_o the_o whole_a concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v put_v into_o motion_n which_o motion_n will_v be_v reciprocate_v as_o it_o be_v in_o collision_n and_o this_o reciprocation_n be_v propagate_v to_o the_o organ_n from_o the_o reaction_n of_o the_o organ_n will_v arise_v a_o clear_a sound_n such_o as_o be_v make_v by_o collision_n or_o by_o break_v asunder_o of_o hard_a body_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o be_v with_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o man_n voice_n for_o when_o the_o breath_n pass_v out_o without_o interruption_n and_o do_v but_o light_o touch_v the_o cavity_n through_o which_o it_o be_v send_v the_o sound_v it_o make_v be_v a_o hoarse_a sound_n but_o if_o in_o go_v out_o it_o strike_v strong_o upon_o the_o larinx_n than_o a_o clear_a sound_n be_v make_v as_o in_o a_o pipe_n and_o the_o same_o breath_n as_o it_o come_v in_o divers_a manner_n to_o the_o palate_n the_o tongue_n the_o lip_n the_o tooth_n and_o other_o organ_n of_o speech_n so_o the_o sound_v into_o which_o it_o be_v articulate_v become_v different_a from_o one_o another_o 7_o i_o call_v that_o primary_n sound_v which_o be_v generate_v by_o motion_n from_o the_o sound_a body_n to_o the_o organ_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n without_o reflection_n and_o i_o call_v that_o reflect_v sound_n which_o be_v generate_v by_o one_o or_o more_o reflection_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o we_o call_v echo_n and_o be_v iterate_v as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v reflection_n make_v from_o the_o object_n to_o the_o eare._n and_o these_o reflection_n be_v make_v by_o hill_n wall_n and_o other_o resist_a body_n so_o place_v as_o that_o they_o make_v more_o or_o few_o reflection_n of_o the_o motion_n according_a as_o they_o be_v themselves_o more_o or_o few_o in_o number_n and_o they_o make_v they_o more_o or_o less_o frequent_o according_a as_o they_o be_v more_o or_o less_o distant_a from_o one_o another_o now_o the_o cause_n of_o both_o these_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v for_o in_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o reflect_a body_n as_o be_v usual_o do_v in_o sight_n for_o the_o law_n of_o reflection_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o namely_o that_o the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n and_o reflection_n be_v equal_a to_o one_o another_o if_o therefore_o in_o a_o hollow_a elliptique_a body_n who_o inside_n be_v well_o polish_a or_o in_o two_o right_a parabolical_a solid_n which_o be_v join_v together_o by_o one_o common_a base_a there_o be_v place_v a_o sound_a body_n in_o one_o of_o the_o burn_a point_n &_o the_o ear_n in_o the_o other_o there_o will_v be_v hear_v a_o sound_n by_o many_o degree_n great_a than_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o both_o this_o and_o the_o burn_a of_o such_o combustible_a thing_n as_o be_v put_v in_o the_o same_o place_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n by_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v effect_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o cause_n but_o as_o when_o the_o visible_a object_n be_v place_v in_o one_o of_o the_o burn_a point_n it_o be_v not_o distinct_o see_v in_o the_o other_o because_o every_o part_n of_o the_o object_n be_v see_v in_o every_o line_n which_o be_v reflect_v from_o the_o concave_a superficies_n to_o the_o eye_n make_v a_o confusion_n in_o the_o sight_n so_o neither_o be_v sound_v hear_v articulate_o and_o distinct_o when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o ear_n in_o all_o those_o reflect_a line_n and_o this_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n why_o in_o church_n which_o have_v arch_v rooff_n though_o they_o be_v neither_o elliptical_a nor_o parabolical_a yet_o because_o their_o figure_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o these_o the_o voice_n from_o the_o pulpit_n will_v not_o be_v hear_v so_o articulate_o as_o it_o will_v be_v if_o there_o be_v no_o vault_v at_o all_o 8_o concern_v the_o uniformity_n and_o duration_n of_o sound_n both_o which_o have_v one_o common_a cause_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o such_o body_n as_o be_v strike_v yield_v a_o unequal_a or_o harsh_a sound_n be_v very_o heterogeous_a that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o consist_v of_o part_n which_o be_v very_o unlike_a both_o in_o figure_n and_o hardness_n such_o as_o be_v wood_n stones_n and_o other_o not_o a_o few_o when_o these_o be_v strike_v there_o follow_v a_o concussion_n of_o their_o internal_a particle_n and_o a_o restitution_n of_o they_o again_o but_o they_o be_v neither_o move_v alike_o nor_o have_v they_o the_o same_o action_n upon_o one_o another_o some_o of_o they_o recoil_v from_o the_o stroke_n while_o other_o which_o have_v already_o finish_v their_o recoyling_n be_v now_o return_v by_o which_o mean_n they_o hinder_v and_o stop_v on_o another_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o their_o motion_n be_v not_o only_o unequal_a and_o harsh_a but_o also_o that_o their_o reciprocation_n come_v to_o be_v quick_o extinguish_v whensoever_o therefore_o this_o motion_n be_v propagate_v to_o the_o ear_n the_o sound_v it_o make_v be_v unequal_a and_o of_o small_a duration_n on_o the_o contrary_a if_o a_o body_n
indefinite_o that_o be_v to_o know_v as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v without_o propound_v to_o themselves_o any_o limit_a question_n or_o they_o inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o some_o determine_a appearance_n or_o endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o the_o certainty_n of_o something_o in_o question_n as_o what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o light_n of_o heat_n of_o gravity_n of_o a_o figure_n propound_v and_o the_o like_a or_o in_o what_o subject_n any_o propound_a accident_n be_v inhaerent_a or_o what_o may_v conduce_v most_o to_o the_o generation_n of_o some_o propound_a effect_n from_o many_o accident_n or_o in_o what_o manner_n particular_a cause_n ought_v to_o be_v compound_v for_o the_o production_n of_o some_o certain_a effect_n now_o according_a to_o this_o variety_n of_o thing_n in_o question_n sometime_o the_o analyticall_a method_n be_v to_o be_v use_v and_o sometime_o the_o syntheticall_a 4_o but_o to_o those_o that_o search_v after_o science_n indefinite_o which_o consist_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o thing_n as_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o may_v be_v attain_v and_o the_o cause_n of_o singular_a thing_n be_v compound_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o universal_a or_o simple_a thing_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o universal_a thing_n or_o of_o such_o accident_n as_o be_v common_a to_o all_o body_n that_o be_v to_o all_o matter_n before_o they_o can_v know_v the_o cause_n of_o singular_a thing_n that_o be_v of_o those_o accident_n by_o which_o one_o thing_n be_v distinguish_v from_o another_o and_o again_o they_o must_v know_v what_o those_o universal_a thing_n be_v before_o they_o can_v know_v their_o cause_n moreover_o see_v universal_a thing_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o singular_a thing_n the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v acquire_v by_o reason_n that_o be_v by_o resolution_n for_o example_n if_o there_o be_v propound_v a_o conception_n or_o idea_n of_o some_o singular_a thing_n as_o of_o a_o square_a this_o square_n be_v to_o be_v resolve_v into_o a_o plain_a terminate_v with_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o equal_a and_o straight_a line_n and_o right_a angle_n for_o by_o this_o resolution_n we_o have_v these_o thing_n universal_a or_o agreeable_a to_o all_o matter_n namely_o line_n plain_n which_o contain_v superficies_n terminate_v angle_n straightness_n rectitude_n and_o equality_n and_o if_o we_o can_v find_v out_o the_o cause_n of_o these_o we_o may_v compound_v they_o all_o together_o into_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o square_n again_o if_o any_o man_n propound_v to_o himself_o the_o conception_n of_o gold_n he_o may_v by_o resolve_v come_v to_o the_o idea_n of_o solid_a visible_a heavy_a that_o be_v tend_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o downward_o and_o many_o other_o more_o universal_a than_o gold_n itself_o and_o these_o he_o may_v resolve_v again_o till_o he_o come_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v most_o universal_a and_o in_o this_o manner_n by_o resolve_v continual_o we_o may_v come_v to_o know_v what_o those_o thing_n be_v who_o cause_n be_v first_o know_v several_o and_o afterward_o compound_v bring_v we_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o singular_a thing_n i_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o method_n of_o attain_v to_o the_o universal_a knowledge_n of_o thing_n be_v pure_o analyticall_a 5_o but_o the_o cause_n of_o universal_a thing_n of_o those_o at_o least_o that_o have_v any_o cause_n be_v manifest_a of_o themselves_o or_o as_o they_o say_v common_o know_v to_o nature_n so_o that_o they_o need_v no_o method_n at_o all_o for_o they_o have_v all_o but_o one_o universal_a cause_n which_o be_v motion_n for_o the_o variety_n of_o all_o figure_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o variety_n of_o those_o motion_n by_o which_o they_o be_v make_v and_o motion_n can_v be_v understand_v to_o have_v any_o other_o cause_n beside_o motion_n nor_o have_v the_o variety_n of_o those_o thing_n we_o perceive_v by_o sense_n as_o of_o colour_n sound_n savour_n etc._n etc._n any_o other_o cause_n then_o motion_n reside_v partly_o in_o the_o object_n that_o work_v upon_o our_o sense_n and_o partly_o in_o ourselves_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_o some_o kind_n of_o motion_n though_o we_o can_v without_o ratiocination_n come_v to_o know_v what_o kind_n for_o though_o many_o can_v understand_v till_o it_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n demonstrate_v to_o they_o that_o all_o mutation_n consist_v in_o motion_n yet_o this_o happen_v not_o from_o any_o obscurity_n in_o the_o thing_n itself_o for_o it_o be_v not_o intelligible_a that_o any_o thing_n can_v depart_v either_o from_o rest_n or_o from_o the_o motion_n it_o have_v except_o by_o motion_n but_o either_o by_o have_v their_o natural_a discourse_n corrupt_v with_o former_a opinion_n receive_v from_o their_o master_n or_o else_o for_o this_o that_o they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o bend_v their_o mind_n to_o the_o inquire_v out_o of_o truth_n 6_o by_o the_o knowledge_n therefore_o of_o universall_n and_o of_o their_o cause_n which_o be_v the_o first_o principle_n by_o which_o we_o know_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o thing_n we_o have_v in_o the_o first_o place_n their_o definition_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o explication_n of_o our_o simple_a conception_n for_o example_n he_o that_o have_v a_o true_a conception_n of_o place_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o definition_n place_n be_v that_o space_n which_o be_v possess_v or_o fill_v adaequate_o by_o some_o body_n and_o so_o he_o that_o conceive_v motion_n aright_o can_v but_o know_v that_o motion_n be_v the_o privation_n of_o one_o place_n and_o the_o acquisition_n of_o another_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o have_v their_o generation_n or_o description_n as_o for_o example_n that_o a_o line_n be_v make_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o point_n superficies_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o line_n and_o one_o motion_n by_o another_o motion_n etc._n etc._n it_o remain_v that_o we_o inquire_v what_o motion_n beget_v such_o and_o such_o effect_n as_o what_o motion_n make_v a_o straight_a line_n and_o what_o a_o circular_a what_o motion_n thrust_v what_o draw_v and_o by_o what_o way_n what_o make_v a_o thing_n which_o be_v see_v or_o hear_v to_o be_v see_v or_o hear_v sometime_o in_o one_o manner_n sometime_o in_o another_o now_o the_o method_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o enquiry_n be_v compositive_a for_o first_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v what_o effect_v a_o body_n move_v produce_v when_o we_o consider_v nothing_o in_o it_o beside_o its_o motion_n and_o we_o see_v present_o that_o this_o make_v a_o line_n or_o length_n next_o what_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o long_a body_n produce_v which_o we_o find_v to_o be_v superficies_n and_o so_o forward_o till_o we_o see_v what_o the_o effect_n of_o simple_a motion_n be_v and_o then_o in_o like_a manner_n we_o be_v to_o observe_v what_o proceed_v from_o the_o addition_n multiplication_n substraction_n and_o division_n of_o these_o motion_n and_o what_o effect_n what_o figure_n and_o what_o property_n they_o produce_v from_o which_o kind_n of_o contemplation_n spring_v that_o part_n of_o philosophy_n which_o be_v call_v geometry_n from_o this_o consideration_n of_o what_o be_v produce_v by_o simple_a motion_n we_o be_v to_o pass_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o what_o effect_n one_o body_n move_v work_v upon_o another_o and_o because_o there_o may_v be_v motion_n in_o all_o the_o several_a part_n of_o a_o body_n yet_o so_o as_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n we_o must_v inquire_v first_o what_o motion_n cause_v such_o and_o such_o motion_n in_o the_o whole_a that_o be_v when_o one_o body_n invade_v another_o body_n which_o be_v either_o at_o rest_n or_o in_o motion_n what_o way_n and_o with_o what_o swiftness_n the_o invade_v body_n shall_v move_v and_o again_o what_o motion_n this_o second_o body_n will_v generate_v in_o a_o three_o and_o so_o forward_o from_o which_o contemplation_n shall_v be_v draw_v that_o part_n of_o philosophy_n which_o treat_v of_o motion_n in_o the_o three_o place_n we_o must_v proceed_v to_o the_o enquiry_n of_o such_o effect_n as_o be_v make_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o any_o body_n as_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o thing_n when_o they_o be_v the_o same_o yet_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v the_o same_o but_o change_v and_o here_o the_o thing_n we_o search_v after_o be_v sensible_a quality_n such_o as_o light_v colour_n transparency_n opacity_n sound_v odour_n savour_n heat_n cold_a and_o the_o like_a which_o because_o they_o can_v be_v know_v till_o we_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o sense_n itself_o therefore_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o see_v hear_v smell_a taste_v and_o touch_v belong_v to_o this_o three_o place_n and_o all_o those_o quality_n and_o change_n above_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o
end_n that_o the_o reader_n may_v know_v that_o those_o axiom_n be_v not_o indemonstrable_a &_o therefore_o not_o principle_n of_o demonstration_n and_o from_o hence_o learn_v to_o be_v wary_a how_o he_o admit_v any_o thing_n for_o a_o principle_n which_o be_v not_o at_o least_o as_o evident_a as_o these_o be_v great_a be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o who_o part_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o whole_a of_o another_o now_o if_o we_o suppose_v any_o whole_a to_o be_v a_o and_o a_o part_n of_o it_o to_o be_v b_o seeing_z the_o whole_a b_o be_v equal_a to_o itself_o and_o the_o same_o b_o be_v a_o part_n of_o a_o therefore_o a_o part_n of_o a_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o whole_a b._n wherefore_o by_o the_o definition_n above_o a_o be_v great_a than_o b_o which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v chap._n ix_o of_o cause_n and_o effect_n 1_o action_n and_o passion_n what_o they_o be_v 2_o action_n and_o passion_n mediate_v and_o immediate_a 3_o cause_n simple_o take_v cause_o without_o which_o no_o effect_n follow_v or_o cause_o necessary_a by_o supposition_n 4_o cause_n efficient_a and_o material_a 5_o a_o entire_a cause_n be_v always_o sufficient_a to_o produce_v its_o effect_n at_o the_o same_o instant_n that_o the_o cause_n be_v entire_a the_o effect_n be_v produce_v every_o effect_n have_v a_o necessary_a cause_n 6_o the_o generation_n of_o effect_n be_v continual_a what_o be_v the_o beginning_n in_o causation_n 7_o no_o cause_n of_o motion_n but_o in_o a_o body_n contiguous_a and_o move_v 8_o the_o same_o agent_n and_o patient_n if_o alike_o dispose_v produce_v like_o effect_n though_o at_o different_a time_n 9_o all_o mutation_n be_v motion_n 10_o contingent_a accident_n what_o they_o be_v 1_o a_o body_n be_v say_v to_o work_n upon_o or_o act_n that_o be_v to_o say_v do_v some_o thing_n to_o another_o body_n when_o it_o either_o generate_v or_o destroy_v some_o accident_n in_o it_o and_o the_o body_n in_o which_o a_o accident_n be_v generate_v or_o destroy_v be_v say_v to_o suffer_v that_o be_v to_o have_v something_o do_v to_o it_o by_o another_o body_n as_o when_o one_o body_n by_o put_v forward_o another_o body_n generate_v motion_n in_o it_o it_o be_v call_v the_o agent_n and_o the_o body_n in_o which_o motion_n be_v so_o generate_v be_v call_v the_o patient_n so_o fire_n that_o warm_v the_o hand_n be_v the_o agent_n and_o the_o hand_n which_o be_v warm_v be_v the_o patient_n that_o accident_n which_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o patient_n be_v call_v the_o effect_n 2_o when_o a_o agent_n and_o patient_n be_v contiguous_a to_o one_o another_o their_o action_n and_o reason_n be_v then_o say_v to_o be_v immediate_a otherwise_o mediate_v and_o when_o another_o body_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n be_v contiguous_a to_o they_o both_o it_o be_v then_o itself_o both_o a_o agent_n and_o a_o patient_n a_o agent_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o body_n next_o after_o it_o upon_o which_o it_o work_v and_o a_o patient_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o body_n next_o before_o it_o from_o which_o it_o suffer_v also_o if_o many_o body_n be_v so_o order_v that_o every_o two_o which_o be_v next_o to_o one_o another_o be_v contiguous_a than_o all_o those_o that_o be_v betwixt_o the_o first_o and_o the_o last_o be_v both_o agent_n and_o patient_n and_o the_o first_o be_v a_o agent_n only_o and_o the_o last_o a_o patient_n only_o 3_o a_o agent_n be_v understand_v to_o produce_v its_o determine_a or_o certain_a effect_n in_o the_o patient_n according_a to_o some_o certain_a accident_n or_o accident_n with_o which_o both_o it_o and_o the_o patient_n be_v affect_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o agent_n have_v its_o effect_n precise_o such_o not_o because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n but_o because_o such_o a_o body_n or_o so_o move_v for_o otherwise_o all_o agent_n see_v they_o be_v all_o body_n alike_o will_v produce_v like_o effect_n in_o all_o patient_n and_o therefore_o the_o fire_n for_o example_n do_v not_o warm_a because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n but_o because_o it_o be_v hot_a nor_o do_v one_o body_n put_v forward_o another_o body_n because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n but_o because_o it_o be_v move_v into_o the_o place_n of_o that_o other_o body_n the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o all_o effect_n consist_v in_o certain_a accident_n both_o in_o the_o agent_n and_o in_o the_o patient_n which_o when_o they_o be_v all_o present_a the_o effect_n be_v produce_v but_o if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v want_v it_o be_v not_o produce_v and_o that_o accident_n either_o of_o the_o agent_n or_o patient_n without_o which_o the_o effect_n can_v be_v produce_v be_v call_v causa_fw-la sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la or_o cause_o necessary_a by_o supposition_n as_o also_o the_o cause_n requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n but_o a_o cause_n simple_o or_o a_o entire_a cause_n be_v the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o the_o accident_n both_o of_o the_o agent_n how_o many_o soever_o they_o be_v and_o of_o the_o patient_n put_v together_o which_o when_o they_o be_v all_o suppose_a to_o be_v present_a it_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n and_o if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v want_v it_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v not_o produce_v 4_o the_o aggregate_v of_o accident_n in_o the_o agent_n or_o agent_n requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n the_o effect_n be_v produce_v be_v call_v the_o efficient_a cause_n thereof_o and_o the_o aggregate_v of_o accident_n in_o the_o patient_n the_o effect_n be_v produce_v be_v usual_o call_v the_o material_a cause_n i_o say_v the_o effect_n be_v produce_v for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o effect_n there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v call_v a_o cause_n where_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o can_v be_v call_v a_o effect_n but_o the_o efficient_a and_o material_a cause_n be_v both_o but_o partial_a cause_n or_o part_n of_o that_o cause_n which_o in_o the_o next_o precedent_n article_n i_o call_v a_o entire_a cause_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o effect_v we_o expect_v though_o the_o agent_n be_v not_o defective_a on_o their_o part_n may_v nevertheless_o be_v frustrate_v by_o a_o defect_n in_o the_o patient_n and_o when_o the_o patient_n be_v sufficient_a by_o a_o defect_n in_o the_o agent_n 5_o a_o entire_a cause_n be_v always_o sufficient_a for_o the_o production_n of_o its_o effect_n if_o the_o effect_v be_v at_o all_o possible_a for_o let_v any_o effect_n whatsoever_o be_v propound_v to_o be_v produce_v if_o the_o same_o be_v produce_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o cause_n which_o produce_v it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o produce_v and_o yet_o be_v possible_a it_o be_v evident_a that_o something_o be_v want_v either_o in_o some_o agent_n or_o in_o the_o patient_n without_o which_o it_o can_v not_o be_v produce_v that_o be_v that_o some_o accident_n be_v want_v which_o be_v requisite_a for_o its_o production_n and_o therefore_o that_o cause_n be_v not_o entire_a which_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o be_v suppose_v it_o follow_v also_o from_o hence_o that_o in_o whatsoever_o instant_n the_o cause_n be_v entire_a in_o the_o same_o instant_n the_o effect_n be_v produce_v for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o produce_v something_o be_v still_o want_v which_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o entire_a as_o be_v suppose_v and_o see_v a_o necessary_a cause_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o be_v suppose_v the_o effect_n can_v but_o follow_v this_o also_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o whatsoever_o effect_n be_v produce_v at_o any_o time_n the_o same_o be_v produce_v by_o a_o necessary_a cause_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v produce_v in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v produce_v have_v a_o entire_a cause_n that_o be_v have_v all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v suppose_v it_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n follow_v that_o be_v it_o have_v a_o necessary_a cause_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o may_v be_v show_v that_o whatsoever_o effect_n be_v hereafter_o to_o be_v produce_v shall_v have_v a_o necessary_a cause_n so_o that_o all_o the_o effect_n that_o have_v be_v or_o shall_v be_v produce_v have_v their_o ne_n cessity_n in_o thing_n antecedent_n 6_o and_o from_o this_o that_o whensoever_o the_o cause_n be_v entire_a the_o effect_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o same_o instant_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o causation_n and_o the_o production_n of_o effect_n consist_v in_o a_o certain_a continual_a progress_n so_o that_o as_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a mutation_n in_o the_o agent_n or_o agent_n by_o the_o work_n of_o other_o agent_n upon_o they_o so_o also_o the_o patient_n upon_o
that_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o first_o antecedent_n to_o the_o first_o consequent_a be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o second_o antecedent_n to_o the_o second_o consequent_a and_o when_o four_o magnitude_n be_v thus_o to_o one_o another_o in_o geometrical_a proportion_n they_o be_v call_v proportional_n and_o by_o some_o more_o brief_o analogisme_n and_o great_a proportion_n be_v the_o proportion_n of_o a_o great_a antecedent_n to_o the_o same_o consequent_a or_o of_o the_o same_o antecedent_n to_o a_o less_o consequent_a and_o when_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o first_o antecedent_n to_o the_o first_o consequent_a be_v great_a than_o that_o of_o the_o second_o antecedent_n to_o the_o second_o consequent_a the_o four_o magnitude_n which_o be_v so_o to_o one_o another_o may_v be_v call_v hyperlogisme_n less_o proportion_n be_v the_o proportion_n of_o a_o less_o antecedent_n to_o the_o same_o consequent_a or_o of_o the_o same_o antecedent_n to_o a_o great_a consequent_a and_o when_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o first_o antecedent_n to_o the_o first_o consequent_a be_v less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o second_o to_o the_o second_o the_o four_o magnitude_n may_v be_v call_v hypologisme_n 5_o one_o arithmetical_a proportion_n be_v the_o same_o with_o another_o arithmetical_a proportion_n when_o one_o of_o the_o antecedent_n exceed_v its_o consequent_a or_o be_v exceed_v by_o it_o as_o much_o as_o the_o other_o antecedent_n exceed_v its_o consequent_a or_o be_v exceed_v by_o it_o and_o therefore_o in_o four_o magnitude_n arithmetical_o proportional_a the_o sum_n of_o the_o extreme_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o mean_n for_o if_o a._n b_o c._n d_o be_v arithmetical_o proportional_a and_o the_o difference_n on_o both_o side_n be_v the_o same_o excess_n or_o the_o same_o defect_n e_o then_o b+c_n if_o a_o be_v great_a than_o b_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o a_o −_o e+c_n and_o a+d_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o a+c_n −_o e_o but_o a_o −_o e+c_n and_o a+c_fw-la −_o e_o be_v equal_a or_o if_o a_o be_v less_o than_o b_o than_o b+c_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o a+e+c_n and_o a+d_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o a+c+e_v but_o a+e+c_n and_o a+c+e_o be_v equal_a also_o if_o there_o be_v never_o so_o many_o magnitude_n arithmetical_o proportional_a the_o sum_n of_o they_o all_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o product_n of_o half_a the_o number_n of_o the_o term_n multiply_v by_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o extreme_n for_o if_o a._n b_o c._n d_o e._n f_o be_v arithmetical_o proportional_a the_o couple_n a+f_n b+e_n c+d_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o one_o another_o and_o their_o sum_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o a+f_o multiply_v by_o the_o number_n of_o their_o combination_n that_o be_v by_o half_a the_o number_n of_o the_o term_n if_o of_o four_o unequal_a magnitude_n any_o two_o together_o take_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o other_o two_o together_o take_v than_o the_o great_a and_o the_o least_o of_o they_o will_v be_v in_o the_o same_o combination_n let_v the_o unequal_a magnitude_n be_v a_o b_o c_o d_o and_o let_v a+b_n be_v equal_a to_o c+d_v &_o let_v a_o be_v the_o great_a of_o they_o all_o i_o say_v b_o will_v be_v the_o least_o for_o if_o it_o may_v be_v let_v any_o of_o the_o rest_n as_o d_o be_v the_o least_o see_v therefore_o a_o be_v great_a than_o c_z and_o b_o then_z d_o a+b_n will_v be_v great_a than_o c+d_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o be_v suppose_v if_o there_o be_v any_o four_o magnitude_n the_o sum_n of_o the_o great_a and_o least_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o mean_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o two_o great_a and_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o two_o lest_o will_v be_v arithmetical_o proportional_a for_o let_v there_o be_v four_o magnitude_n whereof_o a_o be_v the_o great_a d_o the_o least_o and_o b_o and_o c_o the_o mean_n i_o say_v a+d_v b+c_n a_o −_o b._n c_o −_o d_o be_v arithmetical_o proportional_a for_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o first_o antecedent_n and_o its_o consequent_a be_v this_o a+d_v −_o b_o −_o c_o and_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o second_o antecedent_n and_o its_o consequent_a this_o a_o −_o b_o −_o c+d_n but_o these_o two_o difference_n be_v equal_a and_o therefore_o by_o this_o 5_o article_n a+d_v b+c_n a_o −_o b._n c_o −_o d_o be_v arithmetical_o proportional_a if_o of_o four_o magnitude_n two_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o other_o two_o they_o will_v be_v in_o reciprocal_a arithmetical_a proportion_n for_o let_v a+b_n be_v equal_a to_o c+d_v i_o say_v a._n c_o d._n b_o be_v arithmetical_o proportional_a for_o if_o they_o be_v not_o let_v a._n c_o d._n e_o suppose_n e_o to_o be_v great_a or_o less_o than_o b_o be_v arithmetical_o proportional_a and_o then_o a+e_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o c+d_v wherefore_o a+b_n and_o c+d_v be_v not_o equal_a which_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o be_v suppose_v 6_o one_o geometrical_a proportion_n be_v the_o same_o with_o another_o geometrical_a proportion_n when_o the_o same_o cause_n produce_v equal_a effect_n in_o equal_a time_n determine_v both_o the_o proportion_n if_o a_o point_n uniformly_n move_v describe_v two_o line_n either_o with_o the_o same_o or_o different_a velocity_n all_o the_o part_n of_o they_o which_o be_v contemporary_a that_o be_v which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o same_o time_n will_v be_v two_o to_o two_o in_o geometrical_a proportion_n whether_o the_o antecedent_n be_v take_v in_o the_o same_o line_n or_o not_o for_o from_o the_o point_n a_o in_o the_o 10_o figure_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 14_o chapter_n let_v the_o two_o line_n a_o d_o a_o g_o be_v describe_v with_o uniform_a motion_n and_o let_v there_o be_v take_v in_o they_o two_o part_n ab_fw-la ae_n and_o again_o two_o other_o part_n ac_fw-la of_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o ab_fw-la ae_n be_v contemporary_a and_o likewise_o ac_fw-la of_o contemporary_a i_o say_v first_o take_z the_o antecedent_n ab_fw-la ac_fw-la in_o the_o line_n ad_fw-la and_o the_o consequent_n ae_n of_o in_o the_o line_n agnostus_n that_o ab_fw-la ac_fw-la ae_n of_o be_v proportional_n for_o see_v by_o the_o 8_o chapter_n and_o the_o 15_o article_n velocity_n be_v motion_n consider_v as_o determine_v by_o a_o certain_a length_n or_o line_n in_o a_o certain_a time_n transmit_v by_o it_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o line_n ab_fw-la will_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o velocity_n and_o time_n by_o which_o the_o same_o ab_fw-la be_v describe_v and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o line_n ac_fw-la will_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o velocity_n and_o time_n by_o which_o the_o same_o ac_fw-la be_v describe_v and_o therefore_o the_o proportion_n of_o ab_fw-la to_o ac_fw-la whether_o it_o be_v proportion_n of_o equality_n or_o of_o excess_n or_o defect_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o velocity_n and_o time_n by_o which_o ab_fw-la ac_fw-la be_v describe_v but_o see_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o point_n a_o upon_o ab_fw-la and_o ac_fw-la be_v uniform_a they_o be_v both_o desribe_v with_o equal_a velocity_n and_o therefore_o whether_o one_o of_o they_o have_v to_o the_o other_o the_o proportion_n of_o majority_n or_o of_o minority_n the_o sole_a cause_n of_o that_o proportion_n be_v the_o difference_n of_o their_o time_n and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o proportion_n of_o ae_n to_o of_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o time_n only_o see_v therefore_o ab_fw-la ae_n as_o also_o ac_fw-la of_o be_v contemporary_a the_o difference_n of_o the_o time_n in_o which_o ab_fw-la and_o ac_fw-la be_v describe_v be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o in_o which_o ae_n and_o of_o be_v describe_v wherefore_o the_o proportion_n of_o ab_fw-la to_o ac_fw-la and_o the_o proportion_n of_o ae_n to_o of_o be_v both_o determine_v by_o the_o same_o cause_n but_o the_o cause_n which_o so_o determine_v the_o proportion_n of_o both_o work_v equal_o in_o equal_a time_n for_o it_o be_v uniform_a motion_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o last_o precedent_n definition_n the_o proportion_n of_o ab_fw-la to_o ac_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o ae_n to_o of_o and_o consequent_o ab_fw-la ac_fw-la af._n of_o be_v proportional_n which_o be_v the_o first_o second_o take_v the_o antecedent_n in_o different_a line_n i_o say_v ab_fw-la ae_n ac_fw-la of_o be_v proportional_n for_o see_v ab_fw-la ae_n be_v describe_v in_o the_o same_o time_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o velocity_n in_o which_o they_o be_v describe_v be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o the_o proportion_n they_o have_v to_o one_o another_o and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o ac_fw-la to_o af._n but_o see_v both_o the_o line_n ad_fw-la and_o agnostus_n be_v pass_v over_o by_o uniform_a motion_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o velocity_n in_o which_o ab_fw-la ae_n be_v describe_v will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o
which_o it_o be_v inscribe_v so_o that_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o spiral_n that_o be_v that_o space_n in_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v without_o the_o spiral_n line_n be_v double_a to_o the_o space_n within_o the_o spiral_n line_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n if_o there_o be_v take_v a_o mean_a proportional_a every_o where_o between_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o circle_n which_o contain_v the_o spiral_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n which_o be_v within_o the_o same_o there_o will_v be_v make_v another_o figure_n which_o will_v be_v half_a the_o circle_n and_o to_o conclude_v this_o rule_n serve_v for_o all_o such_o space_n as_o may_v be_v describe_v by_o a_o line_n or_o superficies_n decrease_v either_o in_o magnitude_n or_o power_n so_o that_o if_o the_o proportion_n in_o which_o they_o decrease_v be_v commensurable_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o time_n in_o which_o they_o decrease_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o figure_n they_o describe_v will_v be_v know_v 12_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o proposition_n which_o i_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o second_o article_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v deficient_a figure_n may_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o element_n of_o philosophy_n as_o have_v iâ—â—_n original_n in_o this_o that_o all_o equality_n and_o inequality_n between_o two_o effect_n that_o be_v all_o proportion_n proceed_v from_o and_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o equal_a and_o unequal_a cause_n of_o those_o effect_n or_o from_o the_o proportion_n which_o the_o cause_n concur_v to_o one_o effect_n have_v to_o the_o cause_n which_o concur_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o the_o other_o effect_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o proportion_n of_o quantity_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o cause_n see_v therefore_o two_o deficient_a figure_n of_o which_o one_o be_v the_o compliment_n of_o the_o other_o be_v make_v one_o by_o motion_n decrease_v in_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o proportion_n the_o other_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o same_o time_n the_o cause_n which_o make_v and_o determine_v the_o quantity_n of_o both_o the_o figure_n so_o that_o they_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o they_o be_v differ_v only_o in_o this_o that_o the_o proportion_n by_o which_o the_o quantity_n which_o generate_v the_o figure_n proceed_v in_o describe_v of_o the_o same_o that_o be_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o remainder_n of_o all_o the_o time_n and_o altitude_n may_v be_v other_o proportion_n then_o those_o by_o which_o the_o same_o generate_a quantity_n decrease_v in_o make_v the_o compliment_n of_o that_o figure_n that_o be_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o quantity_n which_o generate_v the_o figure_n continual_o diminish_v wherefore_o as_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o quantity_n in_o which_o motion_n be_v lose_v be_v to_o that_o of_o the_o decrease_a quantity_n by_o which_o the_o deficient_a figure_n be_v generate_v so_o will_v the_o defect_n or_o compliment_n be_v to_o the_o figure_n itself_o which_o be_v generate_v 13_o there_o be_v also_o other_o quantity_n which_o be_v determinable_a from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o cause_n namely_o from_o the_o comparison_n of_o the_o motion_n by_o which_o they_o be_v make_v and_o that_o more_o easy_o then_o from_o the_o common_a element_n of_o geometry_n for_o example_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o any_o portion_n of_o a_o sphere_n be_v equal_a to_o that_o circle_n who_o radius_fw-la be_v a_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o portion_n to_o the_o circumference_n of_o its_o base_a i_o may_v demonstrate_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v b_o a_o c_o in_o the_o 7_o figure_n be_v a_o portion_n of_o a_o sphere_n who_o axis_n be_v a_o e_o &_o who_o base_a be_v b_o c_o &_o let_v a_o b_o be_v the_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o the_o pole_n a_o to_o the_o base_a in_o b_o and_o let_v a_o d_o equal_a to_o a_o b_o touch_v the_o great_a circle_n b_o a_o c_o in_o the_o pole_n a._n it_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o circle_n make_v by_o the_o radius_fw-la a_o d_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o portion_n b_o a_o c._n let_v the_o plain_n a_o e_o b_o d_o be_v understand_v to_o make_v a_o revolution_n about_o the_o axis_n a_o e_o &_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o by_o the_o straight_a line_n a_o d_o a_o circle_n will_v be_v describe_v and_o by_o the_o arch_n a_o b_o the_o superficies_n of_o a_o portion_n of_o a_o sphere_n and_o last_o by_o the_o subtense_n a_o b_o the_o superficies_n of_o a_o right_a cone_n now_o see_v both_o the_o straight_a line_n a_o b_o and_o the_o arch_n a_o b_o make_v one_o and_o the_o same_o revolution_n and_o both_o of_o they_o have_v the_o same_o extreme_a point_n a_o and_o b_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o the_o spherical_a superficies_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o arch_n be_v great_a than_o the_o conical_a superficies_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o subtense_n be_v that_o a_o b_o the_o arch_n be_v great_a than_o a_o b_o the_o subtense_n and_o the_o cause_n why_o it_o be_v great_a consist_v in_o this_o that_o although_o they_o be_v both_o draw_v from_o a_o to_o b_o yet_o the_o subtense_n be_v draw_v straight_o but_o the_o arch_n angular_o namely_o according_a to_o that_o angle_n which_o the_o arch_n make_v with_o the_o subtense_n which_o angle_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n d_o a_o b_o for_o a_o angle_n of_o contingence_n add_v nothing_o to_o a_o angle_n of_o a_o segment_n as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o 14_o chapter_n at_o the_o 16_o article_n wherefore_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o angle_n d_o a_o b_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o portion_n describe_v by_o the_o arch_n a_o b_o be_v great_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o right_a cone_n describe_v by_o the_o subtense_n a_o b._n again_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o circle_n describe_v by_o the_o tangent_fw-la a_o d_o be_v great_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o right_a cone_n describe_v by_o the_o subtense_n a_o b_o notwitstand_v that_o the_o tangent_fw-la and_o the_o subtense_n be_v equal_a and_o both_o move_v round_o in_o the_o same_o time_n be_v this_o that_o a_o d_o stand_v at_o right_a angle_n to_o the_o axis_n but_o a_o b_o oblique_o which_o obliquity_n consist_v in_o the_o same_o angle_n d_o a_o b._n see_v therefore_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o angle_n d_o a_o b_o be_v that_o which_o make_v the_o excess_n both_o of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o portion_n and_o of_o the_o circle_n make_v by_o the_o radius_fw-la a_o d_o above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o right_a cone_n describe_v by_o the_o subtense_n a_o b_o it_o follow_v that_o both_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o portion_n and_o that_o of_o the_o circle_n do_v equal_o exceed_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o cone_n wherefore_o the_o circle_n make_v by_o a_o d_o or_o a_o b_o and_o the_o spherical_a superficies_n make_v by_o the_o arch_n a_o b_o be_v equal_a to_o one_o another_o which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v â—4_n if_o these_o deficient_a figure_n which_o i_o have_v describe_v in_o a_o 〈◊〉_d be_v capable_a of_o exact_a description_n than_o any_o number_n of_o mean_a proportional_n may_v be_v find_v out_o between_o two_o straight_a line_n give_v for_o example_n in_o the_o parallelogram_n a_o b_o c_o d_o in_o the_o 8_o figure_n let_v the_o threesided_n figure_n of_o two_o mean_n be_v describe_v which_o many_o call_v a_o cubical_a parabola_fw-la and_o let_v r_o and_o s_o be_v two_o give_v straight_o line_n between_o which_o if_o it_o be_v require_v to_o find_v two_o mean_a proportional_n it_o may_v be_v do_v thus_o let_v it_o be_v as_o r_o to_o saint_n so_o b_o c_z to_z b_o f_o and_o let_v f_o e_z be_v draw_v parallel_n to_o b_o a_o and_o cut_v the_o crooked_a line_n in_o e_z then_z through_z e_z let_v g_o h_n be_v draw_v parallel_n and_o equal_a to_o the_o straight_a line_n a_o d_o and_o cut_v the_o diagonal_a b_o d_o in_o i_o for_o thus_o we_o have_v g_o i_o the_o great_a of_o two_o mean_n between_o g_o h_n and_o g_o e_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o description_n of_o the_o figure_n in_o the_o four_o article_n wherefore_o if_o it_o be_v as_o g_z h_z to_z g_z ay_o so_o r_o to_o another_o line_n t_o that_o t_n will_v be_v the_o great_a of_o two_o mean_n between_o r_o and_o s._n and_o therefore_o if_o it_o be_v again_o as_o r_o to_o t_n so_o t_n to_o another_o line_n x_o that_o will_v be_v do_v which_o be_v require_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n four_o mean_a proportional_n may_v be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o description_n of_o a_o threesided_n figure_n of_o four_o mean_n and_o so_o any_o other_o number_n of_o mean_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o equation_n of_o straight_a line_n with_o the_o
nothing_o but_o perturb_a light_n be_v comprehend_v wherefore_o the_o phantasm_n of_o a_o lucid_a body_n be_v light_n and_o of_o a_o colour_a body_n colour_n but_o the_o object_n of_o sight_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v neither_o light_n nor_o colour_n but_o the_o body_n itself_o which_o be_v lucid_a or_o enlighten_v or_o colour_v for_o light_n and_o colour_n be_v phantasm_n of_o the_o sentient_a can_v be_v accident_n of_o the_o object_n which_o be_v manifest_a enough_o from_o this_o that_o visible_a thing_n appear_v oftentimes_o in_o place_n in_o which_o we_o know_v assure_o they_o be_v not_o and_o that_o in_o different_a place_n they_o be_v of_o different_a colour_n and_o may_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n appear_v in_o divers_a place_n motion_n rest_v magnitude_n and_o figure_n be_v common_a both_o to_o the_o sight_n and_o touch_n and_o the_o whole_a appearance_n together_o of_o figure_n and_o light_n or_o colour_n be_v by_o the_o greek_n common_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o by_o the_o latin_n species_n and_o imago_fw-la all_o which_o name_n signify_v no_o more_o but_o appearance_n the_o phantasm_n which_o be_v make_v by_o hear_v be_v sound_a by_o smell_n odour_n by_o taste_n savour_n and_o by_o touch_n hardness_n and_o softness_n heat_n and_o cold_a wetness_n oiliness_n and_o many_o more_o which_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v distinguish_v by_o sense_n then_o word_n smoothness_n roughness_n rarity_n and_o density_n refer_v to_o figure_n and_o be_v therefore_o common_a both_o to_o touch_v and_o sight_n and_o as_o for_o the_o object_n of_o hear_v smell_v taste_n and_o touch_v they_o be_v not_o sound_v odour_n savour_n hardness_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o body_n themselves_o from_o which_o sound_n odour_n savour_n hardness_n etc._n etc._n proceed_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o which_o and_o of_o the_o manner_n how_o they_o be_v produce_v i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o but_o these_o phantasm_n though_o they_o be_v effect_n in_o the_o sentient_a as_o subject_a produce_v by_o object_n work_v upon_o the_o organ_n yet_o there_o be_v also_o other_o effect_n beside_o these_o produce_v by_o the_o same_o object_n in_o the_o same_o organ_n namely_o certain_a motion_n proceed_v from_o sense_n which_o be_v call_v animal_n motion_n for_o see_v in_o all_o sense_n of_o external_a thing_n there_o be_v mutual_a action_n and_o reaction_n that_o be_v two_o endeavour_n oppose_v one_o another_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o motion_n of_o both_o of_o they_o together_o will_v be_v continue_v every_o way_n especial_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o both_o the_o body_n and_o when_o this_o happen_v in_o the_o internal_a organ_n the_o endeavour_n outward_o will_v proceed_v in_o a_o solid_a angle_n which_o will_v be_v great_a and_o consequent_o the_o idea_n great_a than_o it_o will_v have_v be_v if_o the_o impression_n have_v be_v weak_a 11_o from_o hence_o the_o natural_a cause_n be_v manifest_a first_o why_o those_o thing_n seem_v to_o be_v great_a which_o caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la be_v see_v in_o a_o great_a angle_n second_o why_o in_o a_o serene_a cold_a night_n when_o the_o moon_n do_v not_o shine_v more_o of_o the_o fix_a star_n appear_v then_o at_o another_o time_n for_o their_o action_n be_v less_o hinder_v by_o the_o serenity_n of_o the_o air_n and_o not_o obscure_v by_o the_o great_a light_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v then_o absent_a and_o the_o cold_a make_v the_o air_n more_o press_v help_v or_o strengthen_v the_o action_n of_o the_o star_n upon_o our_o eye_n in_o so_o much_o as_o star_n may_v then_o be_v see_v which_o be_v see_v at_o no_o other_o time_n and_o this_o may_v suffice_v to_o be_v say_v in_o general_a concern_v sense_n make_v by_o the_o reaction_n of_o the_o organ_n for_o as_o for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o image_n the_o deception_n of_o sight_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o which_o we_o have_v experience_n in_o ourselves_o by_o sense_n be_v they_o depend_v for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o the_o fabric_n itself_o of_o the_o eye_n of_o man_n i_o shall_v speak_v of_o they_o then_o when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o man._n 12_o but_o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o sense_n of_o which_o i_o will_v say_v something_o in_o this_o place_n namely_o the_o sense_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o reaction_n of_o the_o heart_n outward_o but_o from_o continual_a action_n from_o the_o outermost_a part_n of_o the_o organ_n towards_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o original_n of_o life_n be_v in_o the_o heart_n that_o motion_n in_o the_o sentient_n which_o be_v propagate_v to_o the_o heart_n must_v necessary_o make_v some_o alteration_n or_o diversion_n of_o vital_a motion_n namely_o by_o quicken_a or_o slacken_a help_a or_o hinder_v the_o same_o now_o when_o it_o help_v it_o be_v pleasure_n and_o when_o it_o hinder_v it_o be_v pain_n trouble_v grief_n etc._n etc._n and_o as_o phantasm_n seem_v to_o be_v without_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o endeavour_n outward_o so_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o organ_n inward_o seem_v to_o be_v within_o namely_o there_o where_o the_o first_o cause_n of_o the_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n be_v as_o when_o the_o pain_n proceed_v from_o a_o wound_n we_o think_v the_o pain_n and_o the_o wound_n be_v both_o in_o the_o same_o place_n now_o vital_a motion_n be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n perpetual_o circulate_v as_o have_v be_v show_v from_o many_o infallible_a sign_n and_o mark_n by_o doctor_n harvey_n the_o first_o observer_n of_o it_o in_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n which_o motion_n when_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o other_o motion_n make_v by_o the_o action_n of_o sensible_a object_n may_v be_v restore_v again_o either_o by_o bend_v or_o set_v straight_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v do_v when_o the_o spirit_n be_v carry_v now_o into_o these_o now_o into_o other_o nerve_n till_o the_o pain_n as_o far_o as_o be_v possible_a be_v quite_o take_v away_o but_o if_o vital_a motion_n be_v help_v by_o motion_n make_v by_o sense_n than_o the_o part_n of_o the_o organ_n will_v be_v dispose_v to_o guide_v the_o spirit_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o conduce_v most_o to_o the_o preservation_n and_o augmentation_n of_o that_o motion_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o nerve_n and_o in_o animal_n motion_n this_o be_v the_o very_a first_o endeavour_n and_o find_v even_o in_o the_o embryo_n which_o while_o it_o be_v in_o the_o womb_n move_v its_o limb_n with_o voluntary_a motion_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o whatsoever_o trouble_v it_o or_o for_o the_o pursue_v of_o what_o please_v it_o and_o this_o first_o endeavour_n when_o it_o tend_v towards_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v know_v by_o experience_n to_o be_v pleasant_a be_v call_v appetite_n that_o be_v a_o approach_v and_o when_o it_o shun_v what_o be_v troublesome_a aversion_n or_o fly_v from_o it_o and_o little_a infant_n at_o the_o beginning_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v bear_v have_v appetite_n to_o very_o few_o thing_n as_o also_o they_o avoid_v very_o few_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o want_n of_o experience_n and_o memory_n &_o therefore_o they_o have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o variety_n of_o animal_n motion_n as_o we_o see_v in_o those_o that_o be_v more_o grow_v for_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a without_o such_o knowledge_n as_o be_v derive_v from_o sense_n that_o be_v without_o experience_n and_o memory_n to_o know_v what_o will_v prove_v pleasant_a or_o hurtful_a only_o there_o be_v some_o place_n for_o conjecture_n from_o the_o look_n or_o aspect_n of_o thing_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o though_o they_o do_v not_o know_v what_o may_v do_v they_o good_a or_o harm_n yet_o sometime_o they_o approach_v and_o sometime_o retire_v from_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o their_o doubt_n prompt_v they_o but_o afterward_o by_o accustom_v themselves_o by_o little_a and_o little_a they_o come_v to_o know_v ready_o what_o be_v to_o be_v pursue_v and_o what_o to_o be_v avoid_v and_o also_o to_o have_v a_o ready_a use_n of_o their_o nerve_n and_o other_o organ_n in_o the_o pursue_n and_o avoid_v of_o good_a and_o bad_a wherefore_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n be_v the_o first_o endeavour_n of_o animal_n motion_n consequent_a to_o this_o first_o endeavour_n be_v the_o impulsion_n into_o the_o nerve_n and_o retraction_n again_o of_o animal_n spirit_n of_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_a there_o be_v some_o receptacle_n on_o place_n near_o the_o original_n of_o the_o nerve_n and_o this_o motion_n or_o endeavour_n be_v follow_v by_o a_o swell_a and_o relaxation_n of_o the_o muscle_n and_o last_o these_o be_v follow_v by_o contraction_n and_o extension_n of_o the_o limb_n which_o be_v animal_n motion_n 13_o the_o consideration_n of_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n be_v divers_a for_o see_v live_a creature_n have_v sometime_o appetite_n and_o
the_o midst_n of_o the_o heaven_n 15_o the_o cause_n of_o whiteness_n 16_o the_o cause_n of_o blackness_n 1_o beside_o the_o star_n of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o last_o chapt._n whatsoever_o other_o body_n there_o be_v in_o the_o world_n they_o may_v be_v all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o intersidereal_a body_n and_o these_o i_o have_v already_o suppose_v to_o be_v either_o the_o most_o fluid_a aether_n or_o such_o body_n who_o part_n have_v some_o degree_n of_o cohaesion_n now_o these_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o in_o their_o several_a consistency_n magnitude_n motion_n and_o figure_n in_o consistency_n i_o suppose_v some_o body_n to_o be_v hard_o other_o soft_a through_o all_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o tenacity_n in_o magnitude_n some_o to_o be_v great_a other_o less_o and_o many_o unspeakable_o little_a for_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o by_o the_o understanding_n quantity_n be_v divisible_a into_o divisibles_fw-fr perpetual_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o man_n can_v do_v as_o much_o with_o his_o hand_n as_o he_o can_v with_o his_o understanding_n he_o will_v be_v able_a to_o take_v from_o any_o give_a magnitude_n a_o part_n which_o shall_v be_v less_o than_o any_o other_o magnitude_n give_v but_o the_o omnipotent_a creator_n of_o the_o world_n can_v actual_o from_o a_o part_n of_o any_o thing_n take_v another_o parâ—_n as_o far_o as_o we_o by_o our_o understanding_n can_v conceive_v the_o same_o to_o be_v divisible_a wherefore_o there_o be_v no_o impossible_a smallness_n of_o body_n and_o what_o hinder_v but_o that_o we_o may_v think_v this_o likely_a for_o we_o know_v there_o be_v some_o live_a creature_n so_o small_a that_o we_o can_v scarce_o see_v their_o whole_a body_n yet_o even_o these_o have_v their_o young_a one_o their_o little_a vein_n and_o other_o vessel_n and_o their_o eye_n so_o small_a as_o that_o no_o microscope_n can_v make_v they_o visible_a so_o that_o we_o can_v suppose_v any_o magnitude_n so_o little_a but_o that_o our_o very_a supposition_n be_v actual_o exceed_v by_o nature_n beside_o there_o be_v now_o such_o microscope_n common_o make_v that_o the_o thing_n we_o see_v with_o they_o appear_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o time_n big_a than_o they_o will_v do_v if_o we_o look_v upon_o they_o with_o our_o bare_a eye_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o doubt_n but_o that_o by_o augment_v the_o power_n of_o these_o microscope_n for_o it_o may_v be_v augment_v as_o long_o as_o neither_o matter_n nor_o the_o hand_n of_o workman_n be_v want_v every_o one_o of_o those_o hundred_o thousand_o part_n may_v yet_o appear_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o time_n geat_a than_o they_o do_v before_o neither_o be_v the_o smallness_n of_o some_o body_n to_o be_v more_o admire_v than_o the_o vast_a greatness_n of_o other_o for_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o same_o infinite_a power_n as_o well_o to_o augment_v infinite_o as_o infinite_o to_o diminish_v to_o make_v the_o great_a orb_n namely_o that_o who_o radius_fw-la reach_v from_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o sun_n but_o as_o a_o point_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o make_v a_o body_n so_o little_a as_o to_o be_v in_o the_o same_o proportion_n less_o than_o any_o other_o visible_a body_n proceed_v equal_o from_o one_o and_o the_o same_o author_n of_o nature_n but_o this_o of_o the_o immense_a distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n which_o for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v account_v a_o incredible_a thing_n be_v now_o believe_v by_o almost_o all_o the_o learned_a why_o then_o shall_v not_o that_o other_o of_o the_o smallness_n of_o some_o body_n become_v credible_a at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o for_o the_o majesty_n of_o god_n appear_v no_o less_o in_o small_a thing_n then_o in_o great_a and_o as_o it_o exceed_v humane_a sense_n in_o the_o immense_a greatness_n of_o the_o universe_n so_o also_o it_o do_v in_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o part_n thereof_o nor_o be_v the_o first_o element_n of_o composition_n nor_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o action_n nor_o the_o first_o moment_n of_o time_n more_o credible_a then_o that_o which_o be_v now_o believe_v of_o the_o vast_a distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n some_o thing_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o mortal_a man_n to_o be_v very_o great_a though_o finite_a as_o see_v they_o to_o be_v such_o they_o acknowledge_v also_o that_o some_o thing_n which_o they_o do_v not_o see_v may_v be_v of_o infinite_a magnitude_n but_o they_o be_v not_o present_o nor_o without_o great_a study_n persuade_v that_o there_o be_v any_o mean_a between_o infinite_a &_o the_o great_a of_o those_o thing_n which_o either_o they_o see_v or_o imagine_v nevertheless_o when_o after_o meditation_n &_o contemplation_n many_o thing_n which_o we_o wonder_v at_o before_o be_v now_o grow_v more_o familiar_a to_o we_o we_o then_o believe_v they_o and_o transfer_v our_o admiration_n from_o the_o creature_n to_o the_o creator_n but_o how_o little_a soever_o some_o body_n may_v be_v yet_o i_o will_v not_o suppose_v their_o quantity_n to_o be_v less_o then_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o salve_v of_o the_o phaenomena_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n i_o shall_v suppose_v their_o motion_n namely_o their_o velocity_n and_o slowness_n and_o the_o variety_n of_o their_o figure_n to_o be_v only_o such_o as_o the_o explication_n of_o their_o natural_a cause_n require_v and_o last_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o pure_a aether_n as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o first_o matter_n have_v no_o motion_n at_o all_o but_o what_o they_o receive_v from_o body_n which_o float_v in_o they_o and_o be_v not_o themselves_o fluid_a 2_o have_v lay_v these_o ground_n let_v we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o cause_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n let_v we_o inquire_v what_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n see_v therefore_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v by_o its_o simple_a circular_a motion_n thrust_v away_o the_o ambient_fw-la aethereal_a substance_n sometime_o one_o way_n sometime_o another_o so_o that_o those_o part_n which_o be_v next_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v by_o it_o do_v propagate_v that_o motion_n to_o the_o next_o remote_a part_n and_o these_o to_o the_o next_o and_o so_o on_o continual_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o notwithstanding_o any_o distance_n the_o foremost_a part_n of_o the_o eye_n will_v at_o last_o be_v press_v and_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o part_n the_o motion_n will_v be_v propagate_v to_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o sight_n namely_o to_o the_o heart_n and_o from_o the_o reaction_n of_o the_o heart_n there_o will_v proceed_v a_o endeavour_n back_o by_o the_o same_o way_n end_v in_o the_o endeavour_n outward_o of_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o eye_n call_v the_o retina_fw-la but_o this_o endeavour_n outward_o as_o have_v be_v define_v in_o the_o 25_o chapter_n be_v the_o thing_n which_o be_v call_v light_n or_o the_o phantasm_n of_o a_o lucid_a body_n for_o it_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o this_o phantasm_n that_o a_o object_n be_v call_v lucid._n wherefore_o we_o have_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o i_o undertake_v to_o find_v 3_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v accompany_v with_o the_o generation_n of_o heat_n now_o every_o man_n know_v what_o heat_n be_v in_o himself_o by_o feel_v it_o when_o he_o grow_v hot_a but_o what_o it_o be_v in_o other_o thing_n he_o know_v only_o by_o ratiocination_n for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o grow_v hot_a and_o another_o thing_n to_o heat_n or_o make_v hot._n and_o therefore_o though_o we_o perceive_v that_o the_o fire_n or_o the_o sun_n heat_v yet_o we_o do_v not_o perceive_v that_o it_o be_v itself_o hot._n that_o other_o live_a creature_n while_o they_o make_v other_o thing_n hot_a be_v hot_a themselves_o we_o infer_v by_o reason_v from_o the_o like_a sense_n in_o ourselves_o but_o this_o be_v not_o a_o necessary_a inference_n for_o though_o it_o may_v true_o be_v say_v of_o live_a creature_n that_o they_o heat_v therefore_o they_o be_v themselves_o hot_a yet_o it_o can_v from_o hence_o be_v true_o infer_v that_o fire_n heat_v therefore_o it_o be_v itself_o hot_a no_o more_o than_o this_o fire_n cause_v pain_n therefore_o it_o be_v itself_o in_o pain_n wherefore_o that_o be_v only_o and_o proper_o call_v hot_a which_o when_o we_o feel_v we_o be_v necessary_o hot._n now_o when_o we_o grow_v hot_a we_o find_v that_o our_o spirit_n and_o blood_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v fluid_a within_o we_o be_v call_v out_o from_o the_o internal_a to_o the_o external_a part_n of_o our_o body_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o heat_n and_o that_o our_o skin_n swell_v he_o therefore_o that_o can_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n
of_o this_o evocation_n and_o swell_v and_o such_o as_o agree_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o heat_n may_v be_v think_v to_o have_v give_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o 5_o article_n of_o the_o 21_o chapter_n that_o the_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la which_o we_o call_v the_o air_n be_v so_o move_v by_o the_o simple_a circular_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o that_o all_o its_o part_n even_o the_o least_o do_v perpetual_o change_v place_n with_o one_o another_o which_o change_n of_o place_n be_v that_o which_o there_o i_o call_v fermentation_n from_o this_o fermentation_n of_o the_o air_n i_o have_v in_o the_o 8_o article_n of_o the_o last_o chapter_n demonstrate_v that_o the_o water_n may_v be_v draw_v up_o into_o the_o cloud_n and_o i_o shall_v now_o show_v that_o the_o fluid_a part_n may_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o same_o fermentation_n be_v draw_v out_o from_o the_o internal_a to_o the_o external_a part_n of_o our_o body_n for_o see_v that_o wheresoever_o the_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o body_n of_o any_o live_a creature_n there_o the_o part_n of_o that_o medium_fw-la be_v by_o perpetual_a change_n of_o place_n separate_v from_o one_o another_o the_o contiguous_a part_n of_o the_o live_a creature_n must_v of_o necessity_n endeavour_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o space_n of_o the_o separate_a part_n for_o otherwise_o those_o part_n suppose_v there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n will_v have_v no_o place_n to_o go_v into_o and_o therefore_o that_o which_o be_v most_o fluid_a and_o separable_a in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o live_a creature_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o medium_fw-la will_v go_v first_o out_o and_o into_o the_o place_n thereof_o will_v succeed_v such_o other_o part_n as_o can_v most_o easy_o transpire_v through_o the_o poâ—es_n of_o the_o skin_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n which_o be_v not_o separate_v must_v all_o together_o be_v move_v outward_o for_o the_o keep_n of_o all_o place_n full_a but_o this_o motion_n outward_o of_o all_o part_n together_o must_v of_o necessity_n press_v those_o part_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la aire_n which_o be_v ready_a to_o leave_v their_o place_n and_o therefore_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n endeavour_v at_o once_o that_o way_n make_v the_o body_n swell_v wherefore_o a_o possible_a cause_n be_v give_v of_o heat_n from_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v 4_o we_o have_v now_o see_v how_o light_n and_o heat_n be_v generate_v heat_v by_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la make_v the_o part_n perpetual_o change_v place_n with_o one_o another_o and_o light_n by_o this_o that_o by_o the_o same_o simple_a motion_n action_n be_v propagate_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n but_o when_o a_o body_n have_v its_o part_n so_o move_v that_o it_o sensible_o both_o heat_n and_o shine_v at_o the_o same_o time_n than_o it_o be_v that_o we_o say_v fire_n be_v generate_v now_o by_o fire_n i_o do_v not_o understand_v a_o body_n distinct_a from_o matter_n combustible_a or_o glow_a as_o wood_n or_o iron_n but_o the_o matter_n itself_o not_o simple_o and_o always_o but_o then_o only_o when_o it_o shine_v and_o heat_v he_o therefore_o that_o render_v a_o cause_n possible_a and_o agreeable_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n namely_o whence_o and_o from_o what_o action_n both_o the_o shine_v and_o heat_n proceed_v may_v be_v think_v to_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o fire_n let_v therefore_o abc_n in_o the_o first_o figure_n be_v a_o sphere_n or_o the_o portion_n of_o a_o sphere_n who_o centre_n be_v d_o and_o let_v it_o be_v transparent_a and_o homogeneous_a as_o crystal_n glass_n or_o water_n and_o object_v to_o the_o sun_n wherefore_o the_o foremost_a part_n abc_n will_v by_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o which_o it_o thrust_v forward_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o the_o straight_a line_n ea_fw-la fb_fw-la and_o gc_fw-la which_o straight_o line_n may_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v take_v for_o parallel_n and_o see_v the_o medium_fw-la within_o the_o sphere_n be_v thick_a than_o the_o medium_fw-la without_o it_o those_o beam_n will_v be_v refract_v towards_o their_o perpendicular_o let_v the_o straight_a line_n ea_z and_o gc_fw-la be_v produce_v till_o they_o cut_v the_o sphere_n in_o h_n and_o i_o and_o draw_v the_o perpendicular_n ad_fw-la and_o cd_o the_o refracted_a beam_n ea_z and_o gc_fw-la will_v of_o necessity_n fall_v the_o one_o between_o ah_o and_o ad_fw-la the_o other_o between_o ci_o and_o cd_o let_v those_o refracted_a beam_n be_v ak_a and_o cl._n and_o again_o let_v the_o line_n dkm_n &_o dln_n be_v draw_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o sphere_n and_o let_v ak_a and_o cl_n be_v produce_v till_o they_o meet_v with_o the_o straight_a line_n bd_o produce_v in_o o._n see_v therefore_o the_o medium_fw-la within_o the_o sphere_n be_v thick_a than_o that_o without_o it_o the_o refracted_a line_n ak_v will_v recede_v further_o from_o the_o perpendicular_a km_n then_o quoth_fw-mi will_v recede_v from_o the_o same_o wherefore_o quoth_fw-mi will_n fall_n between_o the_o refracted_a line_n and_o the_o perpendicular_a let_v therefore_o the_o refracted_a line_n be_v kp_n cut_a foe_n in_o p_o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o straight_a line_n lp_n will_v be_v the_o refracted_a line_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n cl._n wherefore_o see_v the_o beam_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o way_n in_o which_o the_o motion_n be_v propagate_v the_o motion_n about_o p_o will_v be_v so_o much_o more_o vehement_a than_o the_o motion_n about_o abc_n by_o how_o much_o the_o base_a of_o the_o portion_n abc_n be_v great_a than_o the_o base_a of_o a_o like_a portion_n in_o the_o sphere_n who_o centre_n be_v p_o and_o who_o magnitude_n be_v equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o little_a circle_n about_o p_o which_o comprehend_v all_o the_o beam_n that_o be_v propagate_v from_o abc_n and_o this_o sphere_n be_v much_o less_o than_o the_o sphere_n abc_n the_o part_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la that_o be_v of_o the_o air_n about_o p_o will_v change_v place_n with_o one_o another_o with_o much_o great_a celerity_n than_o those_o about_o abc_n if_o therefore_o any_o matter_n combustible_a that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o as_o may_v be_v easy_o dissipate_v be_v place_v in_o p_o the_o part_n of_o that_o matter_n if_o the_o proportion_n be_v great_a enough_o between_o ac_fw-la and_o a_o like_a portion_n of_o the_o little_a circle_n about_o p_o will_v be_v free_v from_o their_o mutual_a cohaesion_n and_o be_v separate_v will_v acquire_v simple_a motion_n but_o vehement_a simple_a motion_n generate_v in_o the_o beholder_n a_o phantasm_n of_o lucid_n and_o hot_a as_o i_o have_v before_o demonstrate_v of_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o therefore_o the_o combustible_a matter_n which_o be_v place_v in_o p_o will_v be_v make_v lucid_n and_o hot_a that_o be_v to_o say_v will_v be_v fire_n wherefore_o i_o have_v render_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o fire_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v 5_o from_o the_o manner_n by_o which_o the_o sun_n generate_v fire_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o explain_v the_o manner_n by_o which_o fire_n may_v be_v generate_v by_o the_o collision_n of_o two_o flint_n for_o by_o that_o collision_n some_o of_o those_o particle_n of_o which_o the_o stone_n be_v compact_v be_v violent_o separate_v and_o throw_v off_o and_o be_v withal_o swift_o turn_v round_o the_o eye_n be_v move_v by_o they_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o light_n by_o the_o sun_n wherefore_o they_o shine_v and_o fall_v upon_o matter_n which_o be_v already_o half_o dissipate_v such_o as_o be_v tinder_n they_o thorough_o dissipate_v the_o part_n thereof_o and_o make_v they_o turn_v round_o from_o whence_o as_o i_o have_v new_o show_v light_n and_o heat_n that_o be_v to_o say_v fire_n be_v generate_v 6_o the_o shine_a of_o glow-worm_n some_o kind_n of_o rot_a wood_n and_o of_o a_o kind_n of_o stone_n make_v at_o bolognia_n may_v have_v one_o common_a cause_n namely_o the_o expose_v of_o they_o to_o the_o hot_a sun_n we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o bolonian_a stone_n shine_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v so_o expose_v and_o after_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v it_o shine_v but_o for_o a_o little_a time_n namely_o as_o long_o as_o it_o retain_v a_o certain_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v that_o the_o part_n of_o which_o it_o be_v make_v may_v together_o with_o heat_n have_v simple_a motion_n imprint_v in_o they_o by_o the_o sun_n which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o it_o shine_v in_o the_o dark_a as_o
not_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o their_o future_a motion_n there_o be_v no_o other_o cause_n of_o motion_n but_o motion_n the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o such_o restitution_n be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o steel_n itself_o wherefore_o while_o it_o remain_v bend_v there_o be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o which_o it_o consist_v some_o motion_n though_o invisible_a that_o be_v to_o say_v some_o endeavour_n at_o least_o that_o way_n by_o which_o the_o restitution_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o therefore_o this_o endeavour_n of_o all_o the_o part_n together_o be_v the_o first_o beginning_n of_o restitution_n so_o that_o the_o impediment_n be_v remove_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o force_n by_o which_o it_o be_v hold_v bend_v it_o will_v be_v restore_v again_o now_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n by_o which_o this_o be_v do_v be_v that_o which_o i_o call_v simple_a motion_n or_o motion_n return_v into_o itself_o when_o therefore_o in_o the_o bend_n of_o a_o plate_n the_o end_n be_v draw_v together_o there_o be_v on_o one_o side_n a_o mutual_a compression_n of_o the_o part_n which_o compression_n be_v one_o endeavour_v opposite_a to_o another_o endeavour_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o divulsion_n of_o the_o part_n the_o endeavour_n therefore_o of_o the_o part_n on_o one_o side_n tend_v to_o the_o restitution_n of_o the_o plate_n from_o the_o middle_n towards_o the_o end_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n from_o the_o end_n towards_o the_o middle_n wherefore_o the_o impediment_n be_v take_v away_o this_o endeavour_n which_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o restitution_n will_v restore_v the_o plate_n to_o its_o former_a posture_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n why_o some_o body_n when_o they_o be_v bend_v restore_v themselves_o again_o which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v as_o for_o stone_n see_v they_o be_v make_v by_o the_o accretion_n of_o many_o very_a hard_a particle_n within_o the_o earth_n which_o particle_n have_v no_o great_a coherence_n that_o be_v to_o say_v touch_v one_o another_o in_o small_a latitude_n and_o consequent_o admit_v many_o particle_n of_o air_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o in_o bend_v of_o they_o their_o internal_a part_n will_v not_o easy_o be_v compress_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o hardness_n and_o because_o their_o coherence_n be_v not_o firm_a as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_a hard_a particle_n be_v disjoin_v the_o aethereal_a part_n will_v necessary_o break_v out_o and_o so_o the_o body_n will_v sudden_o be_v break_v 13_o those_o body_n be_v call_v diaphanous_a upon_o which_o while_o the_o beam_n of_o a_o lucid_a body_n do_v work_n the_o action_n of_o every_o one_o of_o those_o beam_n be_v propagate_v in_o they_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o they_o still_o retain_v the_o same_o order_n among_o themselves_o or_o the_o inversion_n of_o that_o order_n and_o therefore_o body_n which_o be_v perfect_o diaphanous_a be_v also_o perfect_o homogeneous_a on_o the_o contrary_a a_o opacous_a body_n be_v that_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o heterogeneous_a nature_n do_v by_o innumerable_a reflection_n and_o refraction_n in_o particle_n of_o different_a figure_n and_o unequal_a hardness_n weaken_v the_o beam_n that_o fall_v upon_o it_o before_o they_o reach_v the_o eye_n and_o of_o diaphanous_a body_n some_o be_v make_v such_o by_o nature_n from_o the_o beginning_n as_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o air_n and_o of_o the_o water_n and_o perhaps_o also_o some_o part_n of_o stone_n unless_o these_o also_o be_v water_n that_o have_v be_v long_o congeal_v other_o be_v make_v so_o by_o the_o power_n of_o heat_n which_o congregate_n homogeneon_n body_n but_o such_o as_o be_v make_v diaphanous_a in_o this_o manner_n consist_v of_o part_n which_o be_v former_o diaphanous_a 14_o in_o what_o manner_n cloud_n be_v make_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n elevate_a the_o particle_n of_o water_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o moist_a place_n have_v be_v explain_v in_o the_o 26_o chapter_n also_o how_o cloud_n come_v to_o be_v freeze_v have_v be_v show_v above_o at_o the_o seven_o article_n now_o from_o this_o that_o air_n may_v be_v enclose_v as_o it_o be_v in_o cavern_n and_o pen_v together_o more_o and_o more_o by_o the_o meeting_n of_o ascend_v and_o descend_v cloud_n may_v be_v deduce_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n for_o see_v the_o air_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n the_o one_o aethereal_a which_o have_v no_o proper_a motion_n of_o its_o own_o as_o be_v a_o thing_n divisible_a into_o the_o least_o part_n the_o other_o hard_o namely_o consist_v of_o many_o hard_a atom_n which_o have_v every_o one_o of_o they_o a_o very_a swift_a simple_a motion_n of_o its_o own_o while_o the_o cloud_n by_o their_o meeting_n do_v more_o and_o more_o straighten_v such_o cavity_n as_o they_o intercept_v the_o aethereal_a part_n will_v penetrate_v and_o pass_v through_o their_o watery_a substance_n but_o the_o hard_a part_n will_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v the_o more_o thrust_v together_o and_o press_v one_o another_o and_o consequent_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o vehement_a motion_n they_o will_v have_v a_o endeavour_n to_o rebound_v from_o each_o other_o whensoever_o therefore_o the_o compression_n be_v great_a enough_o and_o the_o concave_a part_n of_o the_o cloud_n be_v for_o the_o cause_n i_o have_v already_o give_v congeal_v into_o ice_n the_o cloud_n will_v necessary_o be_v break_v &_o this_o break_n of_o the_o cloud_n produce_v the_o first_o clap_n of_o thunder_n afterward_o the_o air_n which_o be_v pen_v in_o have_v now_o break_v through_o make_v a_o concussion_n of_o the_o air_n without_o and_o from_o hence_o proceed_v the_o roar_a and_o murmur_n which_o follow_v and_o both_o the_o first_o clap_n and_o the_o murmur_n that_o follow_v it_o make_v that_o noise_n which_o be_v call_v thunder_n also_o from_o the_o same_o air_n break_v through_o the_o cloud_n and_o with_o concussion_n fall_v upon_o the_o eye_n proceed_v that_o action_n upon_o our_o eye_n which_o cause_v in_o we_o a_o perception_n of_o that_o light_n which_o we_o call_v lightning_n wherefore_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n 15_o but_o if_o the_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v into_o cloud_n do_v run_v together_o again_o into_o water_n or_o be_v congeal_v into_o ice_n from_o whence_o be_v it_o see_v both_o ice_n and_o water_n be_v heavy_a that_o they_o be_v sustain_v in_o the_o air_n or_o rather_o what_o may_v the_o cause_n be_v that_o be_v once_o elevate_v they_o fall_v down_o again_o for_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o same_o force_n which_o can_v carry_v up_o that_o water_n can_v also_o sustain_v it_o there_o why_o therefore_o be_v once_o carry_v up_o do_v it_o fall_v again_o i_o say_v it_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n both_o that_o vapour_n be_v force_v to_o ascend_v and_o that_o water_n gather_v into_o cloud_n be_v force_v to_o descend_v for_o in_o the_o 21th_o chapter_n and_o 11_o article_n i_o have_v show_v how_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v and_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n and_o 5_o article_n i_o have_v also_o show_v how_o by_o the_o same_o motion_n homogeneous_a body_n be_v congregat_v &_o heterogeneous_a dissipate_v that_o be_v to_o say_v how_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v a_o like_a nature_n to_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v drive_v towards_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n now_o if_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v hinder_v in_o the_o raise_n of_o vapour_n and_o be_v not_o at_o all_o hinder_v in_o the_o cast_n of_o they_o down_o the_o water_n will_v descend_v but_o a_o cloud_n can_v hinder_v the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o make_v thing_n of_o a_o earthly_a nature_n descend_v to_o the_o earth_n though_o it_o may_v hinder_v it_o in_o make_v vapour_n ascend_v for_o the_o low_a part_n of_o a_o thick_a cloud_n be_v so_o cover_v by_o its_o upper_a part_n as_o that_o it_o can_v receive_v that_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o which_o vapour_n be_v carry_v up_o because_o vapour_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o perpetual_a fermentation_n of_o the_o air_n or_o by_o the_o separate_n of_o its_o small_a part_n from_o one_o another_o which_o be_v much_o weak_a when_o he_o thick_a cloud_n be_v interpose_v then_o when_o the_o sky_n be_v clear_a and_o therefore_o whensoever_o a_o cloud_n be_v make_v thick_a enough_o the_o water_n which_o will_v not_o descend_v before_o will_v then_o descend_v unless_o it_o be_v keep_v up_o by_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o wind_n wherefore_o i_o have_v render_v a_o possible_a cause_n both_o why_o the_o cloud_n may_v be_v sustain_v in_o the_o air_n and_o also_o why_o they_o may_v fall_v down_o again_o to_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v propound_v to_o
be_v do_v 16_o grant_v that_o the_o cloud_n may_v be_v freeze_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o moon_n have_v be_v see_v eclipse_v at_o such_o time_n as_o she_o have_v be_v almost_o two_o degree_n above_o the_o horizon_n the_o sun_n at_o the_o same_o time_n appear_v in_o the_o horizon_n for_o such_o a_o eclipse_n be_v observe_v by_o mestline_n at_o tube_v in_o the_o year_n 1590._o for_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o a_o freeze_a cloud_n be_v then_o interpose_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o observer_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v then_o almost_o two_o degree_n below_o the_o horizon_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v in_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o pass_n of_o his_o beam_n through_o the_o ice_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o those_o that_o attribute_v such_o refraction_n to_o the_o atmosphere_n can_v attribute_v to_o it_o so_o great_a a_o refraction_n as_o this_o wherefore_o not_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o either_o water_n in_o a_o continue_a body_n or_o else_o ice_n must_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o refraction_n 17_o again_o grant_v that_o there_o may_v be_v ice_n in_o the_o cloud_n it_o will_v be_v no_o long_o a_o wonder_n that_o many_o sun_n have_v sometime_o appear_v at_o once_o for_o looking-glass_n may_v be_v so_o place_v as_o by_o reflection_n to_o show_v the_o same_o object_n in_o many_o place_n and_o may_v not_o so_o many_o freeze_a cloud_n serve_v for_o so_o many_o looking-glass_n and_o may_v they_o not_o be_v fit_o dispose_v for_o that_o purpose_n beside_o the_o number_n of_o appearance_n may_v be_v increase_v by_o refraction_n also_o and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a wonder_n to_o i_o if_o such_o phaenomena_n as_o these_o shall_v never_o happen_v and_o be_v it_o not_o for_o that_o one_o phaenomenon_n of_o the_o new_a star_n which_o be_v see_v in_o cassiopaea_n i_o shall_v think_v comet_n be_v make_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n namely_o by_o vapour_n draw_v not_o only_o from_o the_o earth_n but_o from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n also_o and_o congeal_v into_o one_o continue_a body_n for_o i_o can_v very_o well_o from_o hence_o give_v a_o reason_n both_o of_o their_o hair_n and_o of_o their_o motion_n but_o see_v that_o star_n remain_v sixteen_o whole_a month_n in_o the_o same_o place_n among_o the_o fix_a star_n i_o can_v believe_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o be_v ice_n wherefore_o i_o leave_v to_o other_o the_o disquisition_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o comet_n concern_v which_o nothing_o that_o have_v hitherto_o be_v publish_v 〈…〉_z the_o bare_a history_n of_o they_o be_v worth_a consider_v 18_o the_o head_n of_o river_n may_v be_v deduce_v from_o rain-water_n or_o from_o melt_a snow_n very_o easy_o but_o from_o other_o cause_n very_o hardly_o or_o not_o at_o all_o for_o both_o rain-water_n and_o melt_v snow_n run_v down_o the_o descent_n of_o mountain_n and_o if_o they_o descend_v only_o by_o the_o outward_a superficies_n the_o shower_n or_o snow_n themselves_o may_v be_v account_v the_o spring_n or_o fountain_n but_o if_o they_o enter_v the_o earth_n &_o descend_v within_o it_o then_o wheresoever_o they_o break_v out_o there_o be_v their_o spring_n and_o as_o these_o sping_n make_v small_a stream_n so_o many_o small_a stream_n run_v together_o make_v river_n now_o there_o be_v never_o any_o spring_n find_v but_o where_o the_o water_n w_o ch_n flow_v to_o it_o be_v either_o further_o or_o at_o least_o as_o far_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o spring_n itself_o and_o whereas_o it_o have_v be_v object_v by_o a_o great_a philosopher_n that_o in_o the_o top_n of_o mount-cenis_n which_o part_v savoy_n from_o piedmont_n there_o spring_v a_o river_n which_o run_v down_o by_o susa_n it_o be_v not_o true_a for_o there_o be_v above_o that_o river_n for_o two_o mile_n length_n very_o high_a hill_n on_o both_o side_n which_o be_v almost_o perpetual_o cover_v with_o snow_n from_o which_o innumerable_a little_a stream_n run_v down_o do_v manifest_o supply_v that_o river_n with_o water_n sufficient_a for_o its_o magnitude_n chap._n xxix_o of_o sound_n odour_n savour_n and_o touch_v 1_o the_o definition_n of_o sound_n and_o the_o distinction_n of_o sound_n 2_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o sound_n 3_o the_o difference_n between_o sound_n acute_a and_o grave_a 4_o the_o difference_n between_o clear_a and_o hoarse_a sound_n whence_o 5_o the_o sound_z of_o thunder_n and_o of_o a_o gun_n whence_o it_o proceed_v 6_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o pipe_n by_o blow_v into_o they_o have_v a_o clear_a sound_n 7_o of_o reflect_v sound_n 8_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o sound_n be_v uniform_a and_o last_a 9_o how_o sound_n may_v be_v help_v and_o hinder_v by_o the_o wind._n 10_o not_o only_o air_n but_o other_o body_n how_o hard_o soever_o they_o be_v convey_v sound_v 11_o the_o cause_n of_o grave_a and_o acute_a sound_n and_o of_o consent_n 12_o phaenomena_n for_o smell_a 13_o the_o first_o organ_n and_o the_o generation_n of_o smell_a 14_o how_o it_o be_v help_v by_o heat_n and_o by_o wind._n 15_o why_o such_o body_n be_v least_o smell_v which_o have_v least_o intermixture_n of_o air_n in_o they_o 16_o why_o odorous_a thing_n become_v more_o odorous_a by_o be_v bruise_v 17_o the_o first_o organ_n of_o taste_v and_o why_o some_o savour_v cause_n nauseousness_n 18_o the_o first_o organ_n of_o feel_v and_o how_o we_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o such_o object_n as_o be_v common_a to_o the_o touch_n and_o other_o sense_n sound_z be_v sense_n generate_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la when_o its_o motion_n reach_v the_o ear_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n now_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v not_o the_o sound_n itself_o but_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o for_o the_o phantasm_n which_o be_v make_v in_o we_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o reaction_n of_o the_o organ_n be_v proper_o that_o which_o we_o call_v sound_n the_o principal_a distinction_n of_o sound_n be_v these_o first_o that_o one_o sound_n be_v strong_a another_o weak_a second_o that_o one_o be_v more_o grave_a another_o more_o acute_a three_o that_o one_o be_v clear_a another_o hoarse_a four_o that_o one_o be_v primary_n another_o derivative_a five_o that_o one_o be_v uniform_a another_o not_o six_o that_o one_o be_v more_o durable_a another_o less_o durable_a of_o all_o which_o distinction_n the_o member_n may_v be_v subdistinguish_v into_o part_n distinguishable_a almost_o infinite_o for_o the_o variety_n of_o sound_n seem_v to_o be_v not_o much_o less_o than_o that_o of_o colour_n as_o vision_n so_o hear_v be_v generate_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la but_o not_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n for_o sight_n be_v from_o pressure_n that_o be_v from_o a_o endeavour_n in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o perceptible_a progression_n of_o any_o of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la but_o one_o part_n urge_v or_o thrust_v on_o a_o other_o propagate_v that_o action_n successive_o to_o any_o distance_n whatsoever_o whereas_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la by_o which_o sound_n be_v make_v be_v a_o stroke_n for_o when_o we_o hear_v the_o drum_n of_o the_o ear_n which_o be_v the_o first_o organ_n of_o hear_v be_v strike_v and_o the_o drum_n be_v strike_v the_o pia_n mater_n be_v also_o shake_v and_o with_o it_o the_o artery_n which_o be_v insert_v into_o it_o by_o which_o the_o action_n be_v propagate_v to_o the_o heart_n itself_o by_o the_o reaction_n of_o the_o heart_n a_o phantasm_n be_v make_v which_o we_o call_v sound_a and_o because_o the_o reaction_n tend_v outward_o we_o think_v it_o be_v without_o 2_o and_o see_v the_o effect_n produce_v by_o motion_n be_v great_a or_o less_o not_o only_a when_o the_o velocity_n be_v great_a or_o less_o but_o also_o when_o the_o body_n have_v great_a or_o less_o magnitude_n though_o the_o velocity_n be_v the_o same_o a_o sound_n may_v be_v great_a or_o less_o both_o these_o way_n and_o because_o neither_o the_o great_a nor_o the_o least_o magnitude_n or_o velocity_n can_v be_v give_v it_o may_v happen_v that_o either_o the_o motion_n may_v be_v of_o so_o small_a velocity_n or_o the_o body_n itself_o of_o so_o small_a magnitude_n as_o to_o produce_v no_o sound_n at_o all_o or_o either_o of_o they_o may_v be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o take_v away_o the_o faculty_n of_o sense_n by_o hurt_v the_o organ_n from_o hence_o may_v be_v deduce_v possible_a cause_n of_o the_o strength_n and_o weakness_n of_o sound_n in_o the_o follow_a phaenomena_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v this_o that_o if_o a_o man_n speak_v through_o a_o trunk_n which_o have_v on_o end_n apply_v to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o speaker_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o
hearer_n the_o sound_n will_v come_v strong_a than_o it_o will_v do_v through_o the_o open_a air_n and_o the_o cause_n not_o only_o the_o possible_a but_o the_o certain_a and_o manifest_a cause_n be_v this_o that_o the_o air_n which_o be_v move_v by_o the_o first_o breath_n and_o carry_v forward_o in_o the_o trunk_n be_v not_o diffuse_v as_o it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o be_v consequent_o bring_v to_o the_o ear_n almost_o with_o the_o same_o velocity_n with_o which_o it_o be_v first_o breathe_v out_o whereas_o in_o the_o open_a air_n the_o first_o motion_n diffuse_v itself_o every_o way_n into_o circle_n such_o as_o be_v make_v by_o the_o throw_n of_o a_o stone_n into_o a_o stand_a water_n where_o the_o velocity_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o as_o the_o undulation_n proceed_v further_a and_o further_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o its_o motion_n the_o second_o be_v this_o that_o if_o the_o trunk_n be_v short_a and_o the_o end_n which_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o mouth_n be_v wide_a than_o that_o which_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o ear_n thus_o also_o the_o sound_n will_v be_v strong_a than_o if_o it_o be_v make_v in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o the_o cause_n be_v the_o same_o namely_o that_o by_o how_o much_o the_o wide_a end_n of_o the_o trunk_n be_v less_o distant_a from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o sound_n by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o be_v the_o diffusion_n the_o three_o that_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o one_o that_o be_v within_o a_o chamber_n to_o hear_v what_o be_v speak_v without_o then_o for_o he_o that_o stand_v without_o to_o hear_v what_o be_v speak_v within_o for_o the_o window_n and_o other_o inlet_n of_o the_o move_v air_n be_v as_o the_o wide_a end_n of_o the_o trunk_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n some_o creature_n seem_v to_o hear_v the_o better_a because_o nature_n have_v bestow_v upon_o they_o wide_o and_o capacious_a ear_n the_o four_o be_v this_o that_o though_o he_o which_o stand_v upon_o the_o sea_n shore_n can_v hear_v the_o collision_n of_o the_o two_o near_a wave_n yet_o neverthess_n he_o hear_v the_o roar_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n and_o the_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o though_o the_o several_a collision_n move_v the_o organ_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o several_o great_a enough_o to_o cause_v sense_n whereas_o nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o all_o of_o they_o together_o may_v make_v sound_a 3_o that_o body_n when_o they_o be_v strike_v do_v yield_v some_o a_o more_o grave_a other_o a_o more_o acute_a sound_n the_o cause_n may_v consist_v in_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o part_n strike_v and_o force_v out_o of_o their_o place_n return_v to_o the_o same_o place_n again_o for_o in_o some_o body_n the_o restitution_n of_o the_o move_v part_n be_v quick_a in_o other_o slow_a and_o this_o also_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o part_n of_o the_o organ_n which_o be_v move_v by_o the_o medium_fw-la return_v to_o their_o rest_n again_o sometime_o soon_o sometime_o late_a now_o by_o how_o much_o the_o vibration_n or_o the_o reciprocal_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n be_v more_o frequent_a by_o so_o much_o do_v the_o whole_a sound_n make_v at_o the_o same_o time_n by_o one_o stroke_n consist_v of_o more_o and_o consequent_o of_o small_a part_n for_o what_o be_v acute_a in_o sound_n the_o same_o be_v subtle_a in_o matter_n and_o both_o of_o they_o namely_o acute_a sound_n and_o subtle_a matter_n consist_v of_o very_o small_a part_n that_o of_o time_n and_o this_o of_o the_o matter_n itself_o the_o three_o distinction_n of_o sound_n can_v be_v conceive_v clear_o enough_o by_o the_o name_n i_o have_v use_v of_o clear_a and_o hoarse_a nor_o by_o any_o other_o that_o i_o know_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v needful_a to_o explain_v they_o by_o example_n when_o i_o say_v hoarse_a i_o understand_v whisper_a and_o hiss_v and_o whatsoever_o be_v like_a to_o these_o by_o what_o appellation_n soever_o it_o be_v express_v and_o sound_v of_o this_o kind_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o force_n of_o some_o strong_a wind_n rake_v rather_o then_o strike_v such_o hard_a body_n as_o it_o fall_v upon_o on_o the_o contrary_a when_o i_o use_v the_o word_n clear_a i_o do_v not_o understand_v such_o a_o sound_n as_o may_v be_v easy_o and_o distinct_o hear_v for_o so_o whisper_v will_v be_v clear_a but_o such_o as_o be_v make_v by_o somewhat_o that_o be_v break_v and_o such_o as_o be_v clamour_v tinkle_a the_o sound_n of_o a_o trumpet_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o express_v it_o significant_o in_o one_o word_n noise_z and_o see_v no_o sound_n be_v make_v but_o by_o the_o concourse_n of_o two_o body_n at_o the_o least_o by_o which_o concourse_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o be_v as_o well_o reaction_n as_o action_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o motion_n opposite_a to_o another_o it_o follow_v that_o according_a as_o the_o proportion_n between_o those_o two_o opposite_a motion_n be_v diversify_v so_o the_o sound_n which_o be_v make_v will_v be_v different_a from_o one_o another_o and_o whensoever_o the_o proportion_n between_o they_o be_v so_o great_a as_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o one_o of_o the_o body_n be_v insensible_a if_o compare_v with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o other_o than_o the_o sound_n will_v not_o be_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o when_o the_o wind_n fall_v very_o oblique_o upon_o a_o hard_a body_n or_o when_o a_o hard_a body_n be_v carry_v swift_o through_o the_o air_n for_o then_o there_o be_v make_v that_o sound_n which_o i_o call_v a_o hoarse_a sound_n in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d therefore_o the_o breath_n blow_v with_o violence_n from_o the_o mouth_n make_v a_o hiss_v because_o in_o go_v out_o it_o rake_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o lip_n who_o reaction_n against_o the_o force_n of_o the_o breath_n be_v not_o sensible_a and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o wind_n have_v that_o hoarse_a sound_n also_o if_o two_o body_n how_o hard_o soever_o be_v rub_v together_o with_o no_o great_a pressure_n they_o make_v a_o hoarse_a sound_n and_o this_o hoarse_a sound_n when_o it_o be_v make_v as_o i_o have_v say_v by_o the_o air_n rake_v the_o superficies_n of_o a_o hard_a body_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o divide_n of_o the_o air_n into_o innumerable_a and_o very_a small_a file_n for_o the_o asperity_n of_o the_o superficies_n do_v by_o the_o eminency_n of_o its_o innumerable_a part_n divide_v or_o cut_v in_o piece_n the_o air_n that_o slide_v upon_o it_o 4_o noise_n or_o that_o which_o i_o call_v clear_a sound_n be_v make_v two_o way_n one_o by_o two_o hoarse_a sound_n make_v by_o opposite_a motion_n the_o other_o by_o collision_n or_o by_o the_o sudden_a pull_v asunder_o of_o two_o body_n whereby_o their_o small_a particle_n be_v put_v into_o commotion_n or_o be_v already_o in_o commotion_n sudden_o restore_v themselves_o again_o which_o motion_n make_v impression_n upon_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v propagate_v to_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v and_o see_v there_o be_v in_o this_o collision_n or_o divulsion_n a_o endeavour_n in_o the_o particle_n of_o one_o body_n opposite_a to_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o other_o body_n there_o will_v also_o be_v make_v in_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v a_o like_a opposition_n of_o endeavour_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o motion_n and_o consequent_o the_o sound_n arise_v from_o thence_o will_v be_v make_v by_o two_o opposite_a motion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o two_o opposite_a hoarse_a sound_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o part_n of_o the_o organ_n for_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v a_o hoarse_a sound_n suppose_v the_o sensible_a motion_n of_o but_o one_o of_o the_o body_n and_o this_o opposition_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o organ_n be_v the_o cause_n why_o two_o body_n make_v a_o noise_n when_o they_o be_v either_o sudden_o strike_v against_o one_o another_o or_o sudden_o break_v asunder_o 5_o this_o be_v grant_v and_o see_v withal_o that_o thunder_n be_v make_v by_o the_o vehement_a eruption_n of_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o cavity_n of_o congeal_v cloud_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a noise_n or_o clap_n may_v be_v the_o sudden_a break_n asunder_o of_o the_o ice_n for_o in_o this_o action_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o great_a concussion_n of_o the_o small_a particle_n of_o the_o break_a part_n but_o also_o that_o this_o concussion_n by_o be_v communicate_v to_o the_o air_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v &_o make_v impression_n upon_o it_o and_o then_o from_o the_o first_o reaction_n of_o the_o organ_n proceed_v that_o first_o and_o great_a sound_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o collision_n of_o the_o part_n whilst_o they_o restore_v themselves_o and_o see_v there_o be_v
a_o syringe_n into_o the_o space_n fgb_n in_o that_o injection_n the_o air_n but_o pure_a air_n go_v with_o the_o same_o force_n out_o of_o the_o vessel_n through_o the_o injected_a water_n but_o as_o for_o those_o small_a body_n which_o former_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v intermingle_v with_o air_n &_o to_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a motion_n they_o can_v not_o together_o with_o the_o our_o air_n penetrate_v the_o water_n but_o remain_v behind_o be_v necessary_o thrust_v together_o into_o a_o narrow_a place_n namely_o into_o the_o space_n which_o be_v above_o the_o water_n fg._n the_o motion_n therefore_o of_o those_o small_a body_n will_v be_v less_o and_o less_o free_a by_o how_o much_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o injected_a water_n be_v great_a and_o great_a so_o that_o by_o their_o motion_n fall_v upon_o one_o another_o the_o same_o small_a body_n will_v mutual_o compress_v each_o other_o and_o have_v a_o perpetual_a endeavour_n of_o regayn_v their_o liberty_n and_o of_o depress_v the_o water_n that_o hinder_v they_o wherefore_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o orifice_n above_o be_v open_v the_o water_n which_o be_v next_o it_o will_v have_v a_o endeavour_n to_o ascend_v and_o will_v therefore_o necessary_o go_v out_o but_o it_o can_v go_v out_o unless_o at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o enter_v in_o as_o much_o air_n and_o therefore_o both_o the_o water_n will_v go_v out_o and_o the_o air_n enter_v in_o till_o those_o small_a body_n which_o be_v leave_v within_o the_o vessel_n have_v recover_v their_o former_a liberty_n of_o motion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v till_o the_o vessel_n be_v again_o fill_v with_o air_n and_o no_o water_n be_v leave_v of_o sufficient_a height_n to_o stop_v the_o passage_n at_o b._n wherefore_o i_o have_v show_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n namely_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o thunder_n for_o as_o in_o the_o generation_n of_o thunder_n the_o small_a body_n enclose_v within_o the_o cloud_n by_o be_v too_o close_o pen_v together_o do_v by_o their_o motion_n break_v the_o cloud_n and_o restore_v themselves_o to_o their_o natural_a liberty_n so_o here_o also_o the_o small_a body_n enclose_v within_o the_o space_n which_o be_v above_o the_o straight_a line_n fg_v do_v by_o their_o own_o motion_n expel_v the_o water_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o passage_n be_v open_v above_o and_o if_o the_o passage_n be_v keep_v stop_v and_o these_o small_a body_n be_v more_o vehement_o compress_v by_o the_o perpetual_a force_n in_o of_o more_o water_n they_o will_v at_o last_o break_v the_o vessel_n itself_o with_o great_a noise_n 10_o if_o aire_n be_v blow_v into_o a_o hollow_a cylinder_n or_o into_o a_o bladder_n it_o will_v increase_v the_o weight_n of_o either_o of_o they_o a_o little_a as_o many_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n who_o with_o great_a accurateness_n have_v try_v the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n see_v as_o i_o have_v suppose_v there_o be_v intermingle_v with_o the_o common_a air_n a_o great_a number_n of_o small_a hard_a body_n which_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o pure_a air_n for_o the_o aethereal_a substance_n be_v on_o all_o side_n equal_o agitate_a by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v a_o equal_a endeavour_n towards_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o therefore_o it_o have_v no_o gravity_n at_o all_o 11_o we_o find_v also_o by_o experience_n that_o by_o the_o force_n of_o air_n enclose_v in_o a_o hollow_a canon_n a_o bullet_n of_o lead_n may_v with_o considerable_a violence_n be_v shoot_v out_o of_o a_o gun_n of_o late_a invention_n call_v the_o windgun_n in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o canon_n there_o be_v two_o hole_n with_o their_o valve_n on_o the_o inside_n to_o shut_v they_o close_o one_o of_o they_o serve_v for_o the_o admission_n of_o air_n and_o the_o other_o for_o the_o let_n of_o it_o out_o also_o to_o that_o end_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o receive_n in_o of_o air_n there_o be_v join_v another_o canon_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n and_o bigness_n in_o which_o there_o be_v fit_v a_o rammer_n which_o be_v perforate_v and_o have_v also_o a_o valve_n open_v towards_o the_o former_a canon_n by_o the_o help_n of_o this_o valve_n the_o rammer_n be_v easy_o draw_v back_o and_o let_v in_o air_n from_o without_o and_o be_v often_o draw_v back_o and_o return_v again_o with_o violent_a stroke_n it_o force_v some_o part_n of_o that_o air_n into_o the_o former_a canon_n so_o long_o till_o at_o last_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o enclose_a air_n be_v great_a than_o the_o force_n of_o the_o stroke_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n man_n think_v there_o be_v now_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o air_n in_o the_o canon_n then_o there_o be_v former_o though_o it_o be_v full_a before_o also_o the_o air_n thus_o force_v in_o how_o much_o soever_o it_o be_v be_v hinder_v from_o get_v out_o again_o by_o the_o foresay_a valve_n which_o the_o very_a endeavour_n of_o the_o air_n to_o get_v out_o do_v necessary_o shut_v last_o that_o valve_n be_v open_v which_o be_v make_v for_o the_o let_v out_o of_o the_o air_n it_o present_o break_v out_o with_o violence_n &_o drive_v the_o bullet_n before_o it_o with_o great_a force_n and_o velocity_n as_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o i_o can_v easy_o attribute_v it_o as_o most_o man_n do_v to_o condensation_n and_o think_v that_o the_o air_n which_o have_v at_o the_o first_o but_o its_o ordinary_a degree_n of_o rarity_n be_v afterward_o by_o the_o force_n in_o of_o more_o air_n condense_v and_o last_o of_o all_o rarefy_v again_o by_o be_v let_v out_o and_o restore_v to_o its_o natural_a liberty_n but_o i_o can_v imagine_v how_o the_o same_o place_n can_v be_v always_o full_a and_o nevertheless_o contain_v sometime_o a_o great_a sometime_o a_o less_o quantity_n of_o matter_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o can_v be_v full_a than_o full_a nor_o can_v i_o conceive_v how_o fullness_n can_v of_o itself_o be_v a_o efficient_a cause_n of_o motion_n for_o both_o â—hese_n be_v impossible_a wherefore_o we_o must_v seek_v out_o some_o other_o possible_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n whilst_o therefore_o the_o valve_n with_o ch_n serve_v for_o the_o let_n in_o of_o air_n be_v open_v by_o the_o first_o stroke_n of_o the_o rammer_n the_o air_n within_o do_v with_o equal_a force_n resist_v the_o enter_n of_o the_o air_n from_o without_o so_o that_o the_o endeavour_n between_o the_o internal_a and_o external_a air_n be_v opposite_a that_o be_v there_o be_v two_o opposite_a motion_n while_o the_o one_o go_v in_o and_o the_o other_o come_v out_o but_o no_o augmentation_n at_o all_o of_o air_n within_o the_o canon_n for_o there_o be_v drive_v out_o by_o the_o stroke_n as_o much_o pure_a air_n which_o pass_v between_o the_o rammer_n and_o the_o side_n of_o the_o canon_n as_o there_o be_v force_v in_o of_o air_n impure_a by_o the_o same_o stroke_n and_o thus_o by_o many_o forcible_a stroke_n the_o quantity_n of_o small_a hard_a body_n will_v be_v increase_v within_o the_o canon_n and_o their_o motion_n also_o will_v grow_v strong_a and_o strong_a as_o long_a as_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o canon_n be_v able_a to_o endure_v their_o force_n by_o which_o if_o it_o be_v not_o break_v it_o will_v at_o least_o be_v urge_v every_o way_n by_o their_o endeavour_n to_o free_v themselves_o and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o valve_n which_o serve_v to_o let_v they_o out_o be_v open_v they_o will_v fly_v out_o with_o violent_a motion_n and_o carry_v with_o they_o the_o bullet_n which_o be_v in_o their_o way_n wherefore_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n 12_o water_n contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o heavy_a body_n ascend_v in_o the_o weatherglass_n but_o it_o do_v it_o when_o the_o air_n be_v cold_a for_o when_o it_o be_v warm_v it_o descend_v again_o and_o this_o organ_n be_v call_v a_o thermometer_n or_o thermoscope_n because_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a be_v measure_v and_o mark_v by_o it_o it_o be_v make_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v a_o b_o c_o d_o in_o the_o 5_o figure_n be_v a_o vessel_n full_a of_o water_n and_o e_o f_o g_o a_o hollow_a cylinder_n of_o glass_n close_v at_o e_o and_o open_a at_o g._n let_v it_o be_v heat_v and_o set_v upright_o within_o the_o water_n to_o f_o and_o let_v the_o open_a end_n reach_v to_o g._n this_o be_v do_v as_o the_o air_n by_o little_a and_o little_o grow_v cold_a the_o water_n will_v ascend_v slow_o within_o the_o cylinder_n from_o f_o towards_o e_z till_o at_o last_o the_o external_a and_o internal_a air_n come_v to_o be_v both_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n it_o will_v neither_o ascend_v high_a nor_o descend_v low_o till_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n be_v change_v suppose_v it_o therefore_o
near_o enough_o to_o any_o body_n we_o perceive_v the_o motion_n and_o go_v of_o the_o same_o we_o distinguish_v it_o thereby_o from_o a_o tree_n a_o column_n and_o other_o fix_a body_n and_o so_o that_o motion_n or_o go_v be_v the_o property_n thereof_o as_o be_v proper_a to_o live_a creature_n and_o a_o faculty_n by_o which_o they_o make_v we_o distinguish_v they_o from_o other_o body_n 5_o how_o the_o knowledge_n of_o any_o effect_n may_v be_v get_v from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o generation_n thereof_o may_v easy_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o circle_n for_o if_o there_o be_v set_v before_o we_o a_o plain_a figure_n have_v as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o circle_n we_o can_v possible_o perceive_v by_o sense_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o true_a circle_n or_o no_o than_o which_o nevertheless_o nothing_o be_v more_o easy_a to_o be_v know_v to_o he_o that_o know_v first_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o propound_a figure_n for_o let_v it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o figure_n be_v make_v by_o the_o circumduction_n of_o a_o body_n whereof_o one_o end_n remain_v unmoved_a and_o we_o may_v reason_v thus_o a_o body_n carry_v about_o retain_v always_o the_o same_o length_n apply_v itself_o first_o to_o one_o radius_fw-la then_o to_o another_o to_o a_o three_o a_o four_o and_o successive_o to_o all_o and_o therefore_o the_o same_o length_n from_o the_o same_o point_n touch_v the_o circumference_n in_o every_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o all_o the_o radii_fw-la be_v equal_a we_o know_v therefore_o that_o from_o such_o generation_n proceed_v a_o figure_n from_o who_o one_o middle_a point_n all_o the_o extreme_a point_n be_v reach_v unto_o by_o equal_a radii_fw-la and_o in_o like_a manner_n by_o know_v first_o what_o figure_n be_v set_v before_o we_o we_o may_v come_v by_o ratiocination_n to_o some_o generation_n of_o the_o same_o though_o perhaps_o not_o that_o by_o which_o it_o be_v make_v yet_o that_o by_o w_z ch_z it_o may_v have_v be_v make_v for_o he_o that_o know_v that_o a_o circle_n have_v the_o property_n above_o declare_v will_v easy_o know_v whether_o a_o body_n carry_v about_o as_o be_v say_v will_v generate_v a_o circle_n or_o no._n 6_o the_o end_n or_o scope_n of_o philosophy_n be_v that_o we_o may_v make_v use_n to_o our_o benefit_n of_o effect_n former_o see_v or_o that_o by_o application_n of_o body_n to_o one_o another_o we_o may_v produce_v the_o like_a effect_n of_o those_o we_o conceive_v in_o our_o mind_n as_o far_o forth_o as_o matter_n strength_n &_o industry_n will_v permit_v for_o the_o commodity_n of_o humane_a life_n for_o he_o inward_a glory_n and_o triumph_v of_o mind_n that_o a_o man_n may_v have_v for_o the_o master_v of_o some_o difficult_a and_o doubtful_a matter_n or_o for_o the_o discovery_n of_o some_o hide_a truth_n be_v not_o worth_a so_o much_o pain_n as_o the_o study_n of_o philosophy_n require_v nor_o need_v any_o man_n care_n much_o to_o teach_v another_o what_o he_o know_v himself_o if_o he_o think_v that_o will_v be_v the_o only_a benefit_n of_o his_o labour_n the_o end_n of_o knowledge_n be_v power_n and_o the_o use_n of_o theorem_n which_o among_o geometrician_n serve_v for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o property_n be_v for_o the_o construction_n of_o problem_n and_o last_o the_o scope_n of_o all_o speculation_n be_v the_o perform_n of_o some_o action_n or_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v 7_o but_o what_o the_o utility_n of_o philosophy_n be_v especial_o of_o natural_a philosophy_n and_o geometry_n will_v be_v best_a understand_v by_o reckon_v up_o the_o chief_a commodity_n of_o which_o mankind_n be_v capable_a and_o by_o compare_v the_o manner_n of_o life_n of_o such_o as_o enjoy_v they_o with_o that_o of_o other_o which_o want_v the_o same_o now_o the_o great_a commodity_n of_o mankind_n be_v the_o art_n namely_o of_o measure_v matter_n and_o motion_n of_o move_v ponderous_a body_n of_o architecture_n of_o navigation_n of_o make_v instrument_n for_o all_o use_n of_o calculate_v the_o celestial_a motion_n the_o aspect_n of_o the_o star_n and_o the_o part_n of_o time_n of_o geography_n etc._n etc._n by_o which_o science_n how_o great_a benefit_n man_n receive_v be_v more_o easy_o understand_v then_o express_v these_o benefit_n be_v enjoy_v by_o almost_o all_o the_o people_n of_o europe_n by_o most_o of_o those_o of_o asia_n and_o by_o some_o of_o africa_n but_o the_o american_n and_o they_o that_o live_v near_o the_o pole_n do_v total_o want_v they_o but_o why_o have_v they_o sharp_a wit_n than_o these_o have_v not_o all_o man_n one_o kind_n of_o soul_n and_o the_o same_o faculty_n of_o mind_n what_o then_o make_v this_o difference_n except_o philosophy_n philosophy_n therefore_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o these_o benefit_n but_o the_o utility_n of_o moral_a and_o civil_a philosophy_n be_v to_o be_v estimate_v not_o so_o much_o by_o the_o commodity_n we_o have_v by_o know_v these_o science_n as_o by_o the_o calamity_n we_o receive_v from_o not_o know_v they_o now_o all_o such_o calamity_n as_o may_v be_v avoid_v by_o humane_a industry_n arise_v from_o war_n but_o chief_o from_o civil_a war_n for_o from_o this_o proceed_v slaughter_n solitude_n and_o the_o want_n of_o all_o thing_n but_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n be_v not_o that_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o have_v it_o for_o the_o will_n have_v nothing_o for_o object_n but_o good_a at_o least_o that_o which_o seem_v good_a nor_o be_v it_o from_o this_o that_o man_n know_v not_o that_o the_o effect_n of_o war_n be_v evil_a for_o who_o be_v there_o that_o think_v not_o poverty_n and_o loss_n of_o life_n to_o be_v great_a evil_n the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o civil_a war_n be_v that_o man_n know_v not_o the_o cause_n neither_o of_o war_n nor_o peace_n there_o be_v but_o few_o in_o the_o world_n that_o have_v learn_v those_o duty_n which_o unite_v and_o keep_v man_n in_o peace_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o have_v learn_v the_o rule_n of_o civil_a life_n sufficient_o now_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o rule_n be_v moral_a philosophy_n but_o why_o have_v they_o not_o learn_v they_o unless_o for_o this_o reason_n that_o none_o hitherto_o have_v teach_v they_o in_o a_o clear_a and_o exact_a method_n for_o what_o shall_v we_o say_v can_v the_o ancient_a master_n of_o greece_n egypt_n rome_n and_o other_o persuade_v the_o unskillful_a multitude_n to_o their_o innumerable_a opinion_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o god_n which_o they_o themselves_o know_v not_o whether_o they_o be_v true_a or_o false_a and_o which_o be_v indeed_o manifest_o false_a &_o absurd_a &_o can_v they_o not_o persuade_v the_o same_o multitude_n to_o civil_a duty_n if_o they_o themselves_o have_v understand_v it_o or_o shall_v those_o few_o write_n of_o geometrician_n which_o be_v extant_a be_v think_v sufficient_a for_o the_o take_v away_o of_o all_o controversy_n in_o the_o matter_n they_o treat_v of_o and_o shall_v those_o innumerable_a and_o huge_a volume_n of_o ethic_n be_v think_v unsufficient_a if_o what_o they_o teach_v have_v be_v certain_a and_o well_o demonstrate_v what_o then_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o write_n of_o those_o man_n have_v increase_v science_n and_o the_o write_n of_o these_o have_v increase_v nothing_o but_o word_n save_v that_o the_o former_a be_v write_v by_o man_n that_o know_v and_o the_o late_a by_o such_o as_o know_v not_o the_o doctrine_n they_o teach_v only_o for_o ostentation_n of_o their_o wit_n and_o eloquence_n nevertheless_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o the_o read_n of_o some_o such_o book_n be_v very_o delightful_a for_o they_o be_v most_o eloquent_o write_v and_o contain_v many_o clear_a wholesome_a and_o choice_a sentence_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o universal_o true_a though_o by_o they_o universal_o pronounce_v from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n place_n and_o person_n be_v change_v they_o be_v no_o less_o frequent_o make_v use_n of_o to_o confirm_v wicked_a man_n in_o their_o purpose_n then_o to_o make_v they_o understand_v the_o precept_n of_o civil_a duty_n now_o that_o which_o be_v chief_o want_v in_o they_o be_v a_o true_a and_o certain_a rule_n of_o our_o action_n by_o which_o we_o may_v know_v whether_o that_o we_o undertake_v be_v just_a or_o unjust_a for_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o be_v bid_v in_o every_o thing_n to_o do_v right_o before_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a rule_n and_o measure_n of_o right_o establish_v which_o no_o man_n hitherto_o have_v establish_v see_v therefore_o from_o the_o not_o know_v of_o civil_a duty_n that_o be_v from_o the_o want_n of_o moral_a science_n proceed_v civil_a war_n and_o the_o great_a calamity_n of_o mankind_n we_o may_v very_o well_o attribute_n to_o
repeat_v such_o as_o unlike_a to_o white_a etc._n etc._n and_o by_o these_o negative_a name_n we_o take_v notice_n ourselves_o and_o signify_v to_o other_o what_o we_o have_v not_o think_v of_o 8_o positive_a and_o negative_a name_n be_v contradictory_n to_o one_o another_o so_o that_o they_o can_v both_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n beside_o of_o contradictory_n name_n one_o be_v the_o name_n of_o any_o thing_n whatsoever_o for_o whatsoever_o be_v be_v either_o man_n or_o not-man_n white_a or_o not-white_a and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o this_o be_v so_o manifest_a that_o it_o need_v no_o further_a proof_n or_o explication_n for_o they_o that_o say_v the_o same_o thing_n can_v both_o be_v and_o not_o be_v speak_v obscure_o but_o they_o that_o say_v whatsoever_o be_v either_o be_v or_o be_v not_o speak_v also_o absurd_o and_o ridiculous_o the_o certainty_n of_o this_o axiom_n viz._n of_o two_o contradictory_n name_n one_o be_v the_o name_n of_o any_o thing_n whatsoever_o the_o other_o not_o be_v the_o original_n and_o foundation_n of_o all_o ratiocination_n that_o be_v of_o all_o philosophy_n and_o therefore_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o exact_o propound_v that_o it_o may_v be_v of_o itself_o clear_a and_o perspicuous_a to_o all_o man_n as_o indeed_o it_o be_v save_v to_o such_o as_o reading_z the_o long_a discourse_n make_v upon_o this_o subject_n by_o the_o writer_n of_o metaphysic_n which_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v some_o egregious_a learning_n think_v they_o understand_v not_o when_o they_o do_v 9_o second_o of_o name_n some_o be_v common_a to_o many_o thing_n as_o a_o man_n a_o tree_n other_o proper_a to_o one_o thing_n as_o he_o that_o write_v the_o iliad_n homer_n this_o man_n that_o man_n and_o a_o common_a name_n be_v the_o name_n of_o many_o thing_n several_o take_v but_o not_o collective_o of_o all_o together_o as_o man_n be_v not_o the_o name_n of_o all_o mankind_n but_o of_o every_o one_o as_o of_o peter_n john_n and_o the_o rest_n several_o be_v therefore_o call_v a_o universal_a name_n and_o therefore_o this_o word_n universal_a be_v never_o the_o name_n of_o any_o thing_n existent_a in_o nature_n nor_o of_o any_o idea_n or_o phantasm_n form_v in_o the_o mind_n but_o always_o the_o name_n of_o some_o word_n or_o name_n so_o that_o when_o a_o live_a creature_n a_o stone_n a_o spirit_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v universal_a it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o any_o man_n stone_z etc._n etc._n ever_o be_v or_o can_v be_v universal_a but_o only_o that_o these_o word_n live_v creature_n stone_n etc._n etc._n be_v universal_a name_n that_o be_v name_n common_a to_o many_o thing_n and_o the_o conception_n answer_v they_o in_o our_o mind_n be_v the_o image_n and_o phantasm_n of_o several_a live_a creature_n or_o other_o thing_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o extent_n of_o a_o universal_a name_n we_o need_v no_o other_o faculty_n but_o that_o of_o our_o imagination_n by_o which_o we_o remember_v that_o such_o name_n bring_v sometime_o one_o thing_n sometime_o another_o into_o our_o mind_n also_o of_o common_a name_n some_o be_v more_o some_o less_o common_a more_o common_a be_v that_o which_o be_v the_o name_n of_o more_o thing_n less_o common_a the_o name_n of_o few_o thing_n as_o living-creature_n be_v more_o common_a than_o man_n or_o horse_n or_o lion_n because_o it_o comprehend_v they_o all_o and_o therefore_o a_o more_o common_a name_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o less_o common_a be_v call_v the_o genus_fw-la or_o a_o general_n name_n and_o this_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o the_o species_n or_o a_o special_a name_n 10_o and_o from_o hence_o proceed_v the_o three_o distinction_n of_o name_n which_o be_v that_o some_o be_v call_v name_n of_o the_o first_o other_o of_o the_o second_o intention_n of_o the_o first_o intention_n be_v the_o name_n of_o thing_n a_o man_n stone_z etc._n etc._n of_o the_o second_o be_v the_o name_n of_o name_n and_o speech_n as_o universal_a particular_a genus_fw-la species_n syllogism_n and_o the_o like_a but_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o say_v why_o those_o be_v call_v name_n of_o the_o first_o and_o these_o of_o the_o second_o intention_n unless_o perhaps_o it_o be_v first_o intend_v by_o we_o to_o give_v name_n to_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o daily_a use_n in_o this_o life_n and_o afterward_o to_o such_o thing_n as_o appertain_v to_o science_n that_o be_v that_o our_o second_o intention_n be_v to_o give_v name_n to_o name_n but_o whatsoever_o the_o cause_n hereof_o may_v be_v yet_o this_o be_v manifest_a that_o genus_fw-la species_n definition_n etc._n etc._n be_v name_n of_o word_n and_o name_n only_o and_o therefore_o to_o put_v genus_fw-la and_o species_n for_o thing_n and_o definition_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o thing_n as_o the_o writer_n of_o metaphysic_n have_v do_v be_v not_o right_a see_v they_o be_v only_a signification_n of_o what_o we_o think_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n 11_o four_o some_o name_n be_v of_o certain_a and_o determine_v other_o of_o uncertain_a and_o undetermined_a signification_n of_o determine_v and_o certain_a signification_n be_v first_o that_o name_n which_o be_v give_v to_o any_o one_o thing_n by_o itself_o and_o be_v call_v a_o individual_a name_n as_o homer_n this_o tree_n that_o live_a creature_n etc._n etc._n second_o that_o which_o have_v any_o of_o these_o word_n all_o every_n both_o either_o or_o the_o like_a add_v to_o it_o and_o it_o be_v therefore_o call_v a_o universal_a name_n because_o it_o signify_v every_o one_o of_o those_o thing_n to_o which_o it_o be_v common_a and_o of_o certain_a signification_n for_o this_o reason_n that_o he_o which_o hear_v conceive_v in_o his_o mind_n the_o same_o thing_n that_o he_o which_o speak_v will_v have_v he_o conceive_v of_o indefinite_a signification_n be_v first_o that_o name_n which_o have_v the_o word_n some_o or_o the_o like_a add_v to_o it_o and_o be_v call_v a_o particular_a name_n second_o a_o common_a name_n set_v by_o itself_o without_o any_o note_n either_o of_o universality_n or_o particularity_n as_o man_n stone_z and_o be_v call_v a_o indefinite_a name_n but_o both_o particular_a and_o indefinite_a name_n be_v of_o uncertain_a signification_n because_o the_o hearer_n know_v not_o what_o thing_n it_o be_v the_o speaker_n will_v have_v he_o conceive_v and_o therefore_o in_o speech_n particular_a and_o indefinite_a name_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v equivalent_a to_o one_o another_o but_o these_o word_n all_o every_n some_o etc._n etc._n which_o denote_v universality_n and_o particularity_n be_v not_o name_n but_o part_n only_o of_o name_n so_o that_o every_o man_n and_o that_o man_n which_o the_o hearer_n conceive_v in_o his_o mind_n be_v all_o one_o and_o some_o man_n and_o that_o man_n which_o the_o speaker_n think_v of_o signify_v the_o same_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o use_n of_o sign_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v not_o for_o a_o man_n own_o sake_n or_o for_o his_o get_n of_o knowledge_n by_o his_o own_o private_a meditation_n for_o every_o man_n have_v his_o own_o thought_n sufficient_o determine_v without_o such_o help_n as_o these_o but_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o other_o that_o be_v for_o the_o teach_n and_o signify_v of_o our_o conception_n to_o other_o nor_o be_v they_o invent_v only_o to_o make_v we_o remember_v but_o to_o make_v we_o able_a to_o discourse_v with_o other_o 12_o five_o name_n be_v usual_o distinguish_v into_o univocal_a and_o equivocal_a univocal_a be_v those_o which_o in_o the_o same_o train_n of_o discourse_n signify_v always_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o equivocal_a those_o which_o mean_v sometime_o one_o thing_n and_o sometime_o another_o thus_o the_o name_n triangle_n be_v say_v to_o be_v univocal_a because_o it_o be_v always_o take_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n and_o parabola_fw-la to_o be_v equivocal_a for_o the_o signification_n it_o have_v sometime_o of_o allegory_n or_o similitude_n and_o sometime_o of_o a_o certain_a geometrical_a figure_n also_o every_o metaphor_n be_v by_o profession_n equivocal_a but_o this_o distinction_n belong_v not_o so_o much_o to_o name_n as_o to_o those_o that_o use_v name_n for_o some_o use_v they_o proper_o and_o accurate_o for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o truth_n other_o draw_v they_o from_o their_o proper_a sense_n for_o ornament_n or_o deceit_n 13_o six_o of_o name_n some_o be_v absolute_a other_o relative_n relative_n be_v such_o as_o be_v impose_v for_o some_o comparison_n as_o father_n son_n cause_n effect_v like_a unlike_a equal_a unequal_a master_n servant_z etc._n etc._n and_o those_o that_o signify_v no_o comparison_n at_o all_o be_v absolute_a name_n but_o as_o it_o be_v note_v above_o that_o universality_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o word_n &_o name_n only_o and_o not_o to_o thing_n so_o
be_v demonstrate_v by_o good_a reason_n to_o be_v so_o chap._n iii_o of_o proposition_n 1_o divers_a kind_n of_o speech_n 2_o proposition_n define_v 3_o subject_n predicate_v and_o copula_fw-la what_o they_o be_v and_o abstract_n and_o concrete_a what_o the_o use_n and_o abuse_v of_o name_n abstract_v 5_o proposition_n universal_a and_o particular_a 6_o affirmative_a and_o negative_a 7_o true_a and_o false_a 8_o true_a and_o false_a belong_v to_o speech_n and_o not_o to_o thing_n 9_o proposition_n primary_n not_o primary_n definion_n axiom_n petition_n 10_o proposition_n necessary_a and_o contingent_a 11_o categoricall_a and_o hypotheticall_a 12_o the_o same_o proposition_n diverse_o pronounce_v 13_o proposition_n that_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o same_o categoricall_a proposition_n be_v equipollent_a 14_o universal_a proposition_n convert_v by_o contradictory_n name_n be_v equipollent_a 15_o negative_a proposition_n be_v the_o same_o whether_o the_o negation_n be_v before_o or_o after_o the_o copula_fw-la 16_o particular_a proposition_n simple_o convert_v be_v equipollent_a 17_o what_o be_v subaltern_n contrary_a subcontrary_a and_o contradictory_n proposition_n 18_o consequence_n what_o it_o be_v 19_o falsity_n can_v follow_v from_o truth_n 20_o how_o one_o proposition_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o another_o 1from_o the_o connection_n or_o contexture_n of_o name_n arise_v diverse_a kind_n of_o speech_n whereof_o some_o signify_v the_o desire_n and_o affection_n of_o man_n such_o be_v first_o interrogation_n which_o denote_v the_o desire_n of_o know_v as_o who_o be_v a_o good_a man_n in_o which_o speech_n there_o be_v one_o name_v express_v &_o another_o desire_a and_o expect_v from_o he_o of_o who_o we_o ask_v the_o same_o then_o prayer_n which_o signify_v the_o desire_n of_o have_v something_o promise_n threat_n wish_n command_n complaint_n and_o other_o signification_n of_o other_o affection_n speech_n may_v also_o be_v absurd_a and_o insignificant_a as_o when_o there_o be_v a_o succession_n of_o word_n to_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o succession_n of_o thought_n in_o the_o mind_n to_o answer_v they_o and_o this_o happen_v often_o to_o such_o as_o understand_v nothing_o in_o some_o subtle_a matter_n do_v nevertheless_o to_o make_v other_o believe_v they_o understand_v speak_v of_o the_o same_o incoherent_o for_o the_o connection_n of_o incoherent_a word_n though_o it_o want_v the_o end_n of_o speech_n which_o be_v signification_n yet_o it_o be_v speech_n and_o be_v use_v by_o the_o writer_n of_o metaphysic_n almost_o as_o frequent_o as_o speech_n significative_a in_o philosophy_n there_o be_v but_o one_o kind_n of_o speech_n useful_a which_o some_o call_v in_o latin_a dictum_fw-la other_o enuntiatum_fw-la &_o pronunciatum_fw-la but_o most_o man_n call_v it_o proposition_n and_o be_v the_o speech_n of_o those_o that_o affirm_v or_o deny_v and_o express_v truth_n or_o falsity_n 2_o a_o proposition_n be_v a_o speech_n consist_v of_o two_o name_n copulate_v by_o which_o he_o that_o speak_v signify_v he_o conceive_v the_o late_a name_n to_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n whereof_o the_o former_a be_v the_o name_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o that_o the_o former_a name_n be_v comprehend_v by_o the_o late_a for_o example_n this_o speech_n man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n in_o which_o two_o name_n be_v copulate_v by_o the_o verb_n be_v be_v a_o proposition_n for_o this_o reason_n that_o he_o that_o speak_v it_o conceive_v both_o live_a creature_n and_o man_n to_o be_v name_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n or_o that_o the_o former_a name_n man_n be_v comprehend_v by_o the_o late_a name_n live_v creature_n now_o the_o former_a name_n be_v common_o call_v the_o subject_a or_o antecedent_n or_o the_o contain_a name_n and_o the_o late_a the_o praedicat_fw-la consequent_a or_o contain_v name_n the_o sign_n of_o connection_n among_o most_o nation_n be_v either_o some_o word_n as_o the_o word_n be_v in_o the_o proposition_n man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n or_o some_o case_n or_o termination_n of_o a_o word_n as_o in_o this_o proposition_n man_n walk_v which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o this_o man_n be_v walk_v the_o termination_n by_o which_o it_o be_v say_v he_o walk_v rather_o than_o he_o be_v walk_v signify_v that_o those_o two_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v copulate_v or_o to_o be_v name_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o there_o be_v or_o certain_o may_v be_v some_o nation_n that_o have_v no_o word_n which_o answer_v to_o our_o verb_n be_v who_o nevertheless_o form_n proposition_n by_o the_o position_n only_o of_o one_o name_n after_o another_o as_o if_o instead_o of_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n it_o shall_v be_v say_v man_n a_o live_a creature_n for_o the_o very_a order_n of_o the_o name_n may_v sufficient_o show_v their_o connection_n and_o they_o be_v as_o apt_a and_o useful_a in_o philosophy_n as_o if_o they_o be_v copulate_v by_o the_o verb_n is._n 3_o wherefore_o in_o every_o proposition_n three_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v viz._n the_o two_o name_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a and_o the_o predicate_v and_o their_o copulation_n both_o which_o name_n raise_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o thought_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o the_o copulation_n make_v we_o think_v of_o the_o cause_n for_o which_o those_o name_n be_v impose_v on_o that_o thing_n as_o for_o example_n when_o we_o say_v a_o body_n be_v movable_a though_o we_o conceive_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v design_v by_o both_o those_o name_n yet_o our_o mind_n rest_v not_o there_o but_o search_v further_o what_o it_o be_v to_o be_v a_o body_n or_o to_o be_v movable_a that_o be_v wherein_o consist_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o and_o other_o thing_n for_o which_o these_o be_v so_o call_v other_o be_v not_o so_o call_v they_o therefore_o that_o seek_v what_o it_o be_v to_o be_v any_o thing_n as_o to_o be_v movable_a to_o be_v hot_a etc._n etc._n seek_v in_o thing_n the_o cause_n of_o their_o name_n and_o from_o hence_o arise_v that_o distinction_n of_o name_n touch_v in_o the_o last_o chap._n into_o concrete_a and_o abstract_n for_o concrete_a be_v the_o name_n of_o any_o thing_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o have_v a_o be_v and_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o subject_a in_o latin_a suppositum_fw-la and_o in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o body_n movable_a move_v figurate_a a_o cubit_n high_a hot_a cold_a like_a equal_a appius_n lentulus_n and_o the_o like_a and_o abstract_n be_v that_o which_o in_o any_o subject_n denote_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o concrete_a name_n as_o to_o be_v a_o body_n to_o be_v movable_a to_o be_v move_v to_o be_v figurate_a to_o be_v of_o such_o quantity_n to_o be_v hot_a to_o be_v cold_a to_o be_v like_a to_o be_v equal_a to_o be_v appius_n to_o be_v lentulus_n etc._n etc._n or_o name_n equivalent_a to_o these_o which_o be_v most_o common_o call_v abstract_a name_n as_o corporeity_n mobility_n motion_n figure_n quantity_n heat_n cold_a likeness_n equality_n and_o as_o cicero_n have_v it_o appiety_n and_o lentulity_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n also_o be_v infinitives_n for_o to_o live_v and_o to_o move_v be_v the_o same_o with_o life_n and_o motion_n or_o to_o be_v live_v and_o to_o be_v move_v but_o abstract_a name_n denote_v only_o the_o cause_n of_o concrete_a name_n and_o not_o the_o thing_n themselves_o for_o example_n when_o we_o see_v any_o thing_n or_o conceive_v in_o our_o mind_n any_o visible_a thing_n that_o thing_n appear_v to_o we_o or_o be_v conceive_v by_o we_o not_o in_o one_o point_n but_o as_o have_v part_n distant_a from_o one_o another_o that_o be_v as_o be_v extend_v and_o fill_v some_o space_n see_v therefore_o we_o call_v the_o thing_n so_o conceive_v body_n the_o cause_n of_o that_o name_n be_v that_o that_o thing_n be_v extend_v or_o the_o extension_n or_o corporeity_n of_o it_o so_o when_o we_o see_v a_o thing_n appear_v sometime_o here_o sometime_o there_o and_o call_v it_o move_v or_o remove_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o name_n be_v that_o it_o be_v move_v or_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o same_o and_o these_o cause_n of_o name_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o cause_n of_o our_o conception_n namely_o some_o power_n or_o action_n or_o affection_n of_o the_o thing_n conceive_v which_o some_o call_v the_o manner_n by_o which_o any_o thing_n work_v upon_o our_o sense_n but_o by_o most_o man_n they_o be_v call_v accident_n i_o say_v accident_n not_o in_o that_o sense_n in_o which_o accident_n be_v oppose_v to_o necessary_a but_o so_o as_o be_v neither_o the_o thing_n themselves_o nor_o part_n thereof_o do_v nevertheless_o accompany_v the_o thing_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o save_v extension_n they_o may_v all_o perish_v and_o 〈◊〉_d destroy_v but_o can_v never_o be_v abstract_v 4_o there_o be_v also_o this_o difference_n betwixt_o concrete_a and_o abstract_a name_n that_o those_o
the_o same_o quality_n as_o every_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n some_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n or_o no_o man_n be_v wise_a some_o man_n be_v not_o wise._n of_o these_o iâ—_n the_o universal_a be_v true_a the_o particular_a will_v be_v true_a also_o contrary_a be_v universal_a proposition_n of_o different_a quality_n as_o every_o man_n be_v happy_a no_o man_n be_v happy_a and_o of_o these_o if_o one_o be_v true_a the_o other_o be_v false_a also_o they_o may_v both_o be_v false_a as_o in_o the_o example_n give_v subcontrary_n be_v particular_a proposition_n of_o different_a quality_n as_o some_o man_n be_v learned_a some_o man_n be_v not_o learned_a which_o can_v be_v both_o false_a but_o they_o may_v be_v both_o true_a contradictory_n be_v those_o that_o differ_v both_o in_o quantity_n and_o quality_n as_o every_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n some_o man_n be_v not_o a_o live_a creature_n which_o can_v neither_o be_v both_o true_a nor_o both_o false_a 18_o a_o proposition_n be_v say_v to_o follow_v from_o two_o other_o proposition_n when_o these_o be_v grant_v to_o be_v true_a it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o the_o other_o be_v true_a also_o for_o example_n let_v these_o two_o proposition_n every_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n and_o every_o live_a creature_n be_v a_o body_n be_v suppose_v true_a that_o be_v that_o body_n be_v the_o name_n of_o every_o live_a creature_n and_o live_v creature_n the_o name_n of_o every_o man._n see_v therefore_o if_o these_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v true_a it_o can_v be_v understand_v that_o body_n be_v not_o the_o name_n of_o every_o man_n that_o be_v that_o every_o man_n be_v a_o body_n be_v false_a this_o proposition_n will_v be_v say_v to_o follow_v from_o those_o two_o or_o to_o be_v necessary_o infer_v from_o they_o 19_o that_o a_o true_a proposition_n may_v follow_v from_o false_a proposition_n may_v happen_v sometime_o but_o false_a from_o true_a never_o for_o if_o these_o every_o man_n be_v a_o stone_n and_o every_o stone_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n which_o be_v both_o false_a be_v grant_v to_o be_v true_a it_o be_v grant_v also_o that_o live_a creature_n be_v the_o name_n of_o every_o stone_n and_o stone_n of_o every_o man_n that_o be_v that_o live_v creature_n be_v the_o name_n of_o every_o man_n that_o be_v to_o say_v this_o proposition_n every_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n be_v true_a as_o it_o be_v indeed_o true_a wherefore_o a_o true_a proposition_n may_v sometime_o follow_v from_o false_a but_o if_o any_o two_o proposition_n be_v true_a a_o false_a one_o can_v never_o follow_v from_o they_o for_o if_o true_a follow_v from_o false_a for_o this_o reason_n only_o that_o the_o false_a be_v grant_v to_o be_v true_a than_o truth_n from_o two_o truth_n grant_v will_v follow_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n 20_o now_o see_v none_o but_o a_o true_a proposition_n will_v follow_v from_o true_a and_o that_o the_o understanding_n of_o two_o proposition_n to_o be_v true_a be_v the_o cause_n of_o understanding_n that_o also_o to_o be_v true_a which_o be_v deduce_v from_o they_o the_o two_o antecedent_n proposition_n be_v common_o call_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o infer_v proposition_n or_o conclusion_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o logician_n say_v the_o premise_n be_v cause_n of_o the_o conclusion_n which_o may_v pass_v though_o it_o be_v not_o proper_o speak_v for_o though_o understanding_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o understanding_n yet_o speech_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o speech_n but_o when_o they_o say_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o property_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v the_o thing_n itself_o they_o speak_v absurd_o eor_fw-la example_n if_o a_o figure_n be_v propound_v which_o be_v triangular_a see_v every_o triangle_n have_v all_o its_o angle_n together_o equal_a to_o two_o right_a angle_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o angle_n of_o that_o figure_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a angle_n they_o say_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o that_o figure_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o equality_n but_o see_v the_o figure_n do_v not_o itself_o make_v its_o angle_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o efficient-cause_n they_o call_v it_o the_o formall-cause_n whereas_o in_o deed_n it_o be_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o nor_o do_v the_o property_n of_o any_o figure_n follow_v the_o figure_n but_o have_v its_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o it_o only_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o figure_n go_v before_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o property_n and_o one_o knowledge_n be_v true_o the_o cause_n of_o another_o knowledge_n namely_o the_o efficient-cause_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v proposition_n which_o in_o the_o progress_n of_o philosophy_n be_v the_o first_o step_v like_o the_o move_n towards_o of_o one_o foot_n by_o the_o due_a addition_n of_o another_o step_v i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o syllogism_n and_o make_v a_o complete_a pace_n of_o which_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n chap._n iu._n of_o syllogism_n 1_o the_o definition_n of_o syllogism_n 2_o in_o a_o syllogism_n there_o be_v but_o three_o term_n 3_o major_n minor_n and_o middle_a term_n also_o major_a and_o minor_a proposition_n what_o they_o be_v 4_o the_o middle_a term_n in_o every_o syllogism_n ought_v to_o be_v determine_v in_o both_o the_o proposition_n to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n 5_o from_o two_o particular_a proposition_n nothing_o can_v be_v conclude_v 6_o a_o syllogism_n be_v the_o collection_n of_o two_o proposition_n into_o one_o sum_n 7_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o syllogism_n what_o it_o be_v 8_o what_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n answer_v to_o a_o syllogism_n 9_o the_o first_o indirect_a figure_n how_o it_o be_v make_v 10_o the_o second_o indirect_a figure_n how_o make_v 11_o how_o the_o three_o indirect_a figure_n be_v make_v 12_o there_o be_v many_o mood_n in_o every_o figure_n but_o most_o of_o they_o useless_a in_o philosophy_n 13_o a_o hypotheticall_a syllogism_n when_o equipollent_a to_o a_o categoricall_a 1._o a_o speech_n consist_v of_o three_o proposition_n from_o two_o of_o which_o the_o three_o follow_v be_v call_v a_o syllogism_n and_o that_o which_o follow_v be_v call_v the_o conclusion_n the_o other_o two_o premise_n for_o example_n this_o speech_n every_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n every_o live_a creature_n be_v a_o body_n therefore_o every_o man_n be_v a_o body_n be_v a_o syllogism_n because_o the_o three_o proposition_n follow_v from_o the_o two_o first_o that_o be_v if_o those_o be_v grant_v to_o be_v true_a this_o must_v also_o be_v grant_v to_o be_v true_a 2_o from_o two_o proposition_n which_o have_v not_o one_o term_n common_a no_o conclusion_n can_v follow_v and_o therefore_o no_o syllogism_n can_v be_v make_v of_o they_o for_o let_v any_o two_o premise_n a_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n a_o tree_n be_v a_o plant_n be_v both_o of_o they_o true_a yet_o because_o it_o can_v be_v collect_v from_o they_o that_o plant_n be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o man_n or_o man_n the_o name_n of_o a_o plant_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o this_o conclusion_n a_o man_n be_v a_o plant_n shall_v be_v true_a corollary_n therefore_o in_o the_o premise_n of_o a_o syllogism_n there_o can_v be_v but_o three_o term_n beside_o there_o can_v be_v no_o term_n in_o the_o conclusion_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o premise_n for_o let_v any_o two_o premise_n be_v a_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n a_o live_a creature_n be_v a_o body_n yet_o if_o any_o other_o term_n be_v put_v in_o the_o conclusion_n as_o man_n be_v two_o footed_a though_o it_o be_v true_a it_o can_v follow_v from_o the_o premise_n because_o from_o they_o it_o can_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o name_n two_o footed_a belong_v to_o a_o man_n and_o therefore_o again_o in_o every_o syllogism_n there_o can_v be_v but_o three_o term_n 3_o of_o these_o term_n that_o which_o be_v the_o predicate_a in_o the_o conclusion_n be_v common_o call_v the_o major_a that_o which_o be_v the_o subject_a in_o the_o conclusion_n the_o minor_a and_o the_o other_o be_v the_o middle_a term_n as_o in_o this_o syllogism_n a_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n a_o live_a creature_n be_v a_o body_n therefore_o a_o man_n be_v a_o body_n body_n be_v the_o major_n man_n the_o minor_a and_o live_a creature_n the_o middle_a term._n also_o of_o the_o premise_n that_o in_o which_o the_o major_a term_n be_v find_v be_v call_v the_o major_a proposition_n and_o that_o which_o have_v the_o minor_a term_n the_o minor_a proposition_n 4_o if_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v not_o in_o both_o the_o premise_n determine_v to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o singular_a thing_n no_o conclusion_n will_v follow_v nor_o syllogism_n be_v make_v for_o let_v the_o minor_a term_n be_v man_n the_o middle_a term_n live_v creature_n and_o the_o major_a term_n
the_o name_n of_o the_o part_n of_o any_o speech_n be_v explicate_v be_v it_o not_o necessary_a that_o the_o definition_n shall_v be_v a_o name_n compound_v of_o they_o for_o example_n when_o these_o name_n aequilaterall_a quadrilaterall_a right-angled_n be_v sufficient_o understand_v it_o be_v not_o necessary_a in_o geometry_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v at_o all_o such_o a_o name_n as_o square_n for_o define_v name_n be_v receive_v in_o philosophy_n for_o brevity_n sake_n only_o five_o that_o compound_v name_n which_o be_v define_v one_o way_n in_o some_o one_o part_n of_o philosophy_n may_v in_o another_o part_n of_o the_o same_o be_v otherwise_o define_v as_o a_o parabola_fw-la and_o a_o hyperbole_n have_v one_o definition_n in_o geometry_n and_o another_o in_o rhetoric_n for_o definition_n be_v institute_v and_o serve_v for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o doctrine_n which_o be_v treat_v of_o and_o therefore_o as_o in_o one_o part_n of_o philosophy_n a_o definition_n may_v have_v in_o it_o some_o one_o fit_a name_n for_o the_o more_o brief_a explanation_n of_o some_o proposition_n in_o geometry_n so_o it_o may_v have_v the_o same_o liberty_n in_o other_o part_n of_o philosophy_n for_o the_o use_n of_o name_n be_v particular_a even_o where_o many_o agree_v to_o the_o settle_n of_o they_o and_o arbitrary_a six_o that_o no_o name_n can_v be_v define_v by_o any_o one_o word_n because_o no_o one_o word_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o resolve_v of_o one_o or_o more_o word_n seven_o that_o a_o define_v name_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v repeat_v in_o the_o definition_n for_o a_o define_v name_n be_v the_o whole_a compound_v and_o a_o definition_n be_v the_o resolution_n of_o that_o compound_v into_o part_n but_o no_o totall_n can_v be_v part_n of_o itself_o 16_o any_o two_o definition_n that_o may_v be_v compound_v into_o a_o syllogism_n produce_v a_o conclusion_n which_o because_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o principle_n that_o be_v from_o definition_n be_v say_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o the_o derivation_n or_o composition_n itself_o be_v call_v a_o demonstration_n in_o like_a manner_n if_o a_o syllogism_n be_v make_v of_o two_o proposition_n whereof_o one_o be_v a_o definition_n the_o other_o a_o demonstrate_v conclusion_n or_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v a_o definition_n but_o both_o former_o demonstrate_v that_o syllogism_n be_v also_o call_v a_o demonstration_n and_o so_o successive_o the_o definition_n therefore_o of_o a_o demonstration_n be_v this_o a_o demonstration_n be_v a_o syllogism_n or_o series_n of_o syllogism_n derive_v and_o continue_v from_o the_o definition_n of_o name_n to_o the_o last_o conclusion_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v be_v understand_v that_o all_o true_a ratiocination_n which_o take_v its_o beginning_n from_o true_a principle_n produce_v science_n and_o be_v true_a demonstration_n for_o as_o for_o the_o original_a of_o the_o name_n although_o that_o which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o latin_n demonstratio_fw-la be_v understand_v by_o they_o for_o that_o sort_n only_o of_o ratiocination_n in_o which_o by_o the_o describe_v of_o certain_a line_n and_o figure_n they_o place_v the_o thing_n they_o be_v to_o prove_v as_o it_o be_v before_o man_n eye_n which_o be_v proper_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o to_o show_v by_o the_o figure_n yet_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v do_v it_o for_o this_o reason_n that_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o geometry_n in_o which_o only_o there_o be_v place_n for_o such_o figure_n there_o be_v no_o ratiocination_n certain_a and_o end_v in_o science_n their_o doctrine_n concern_v all_o other_o thing_n be_v nothing_o but_o controversy_n and_o clamour_n which_o nevertheless_o happen_v not_o because_o the_o truth_n to_o which_o they_o pretend_v can_v not_o be_v make_v evident_a without_o figure_n but_o because_o they_o want_v true_a principle_n from_o which_o they_o may_v derive_v their_o ratiocination_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o if_o true_a definition_n be_v praemise_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o doctrine_n the_o demonstration_n also_o will_v be_v true_a 17_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o methodical_a demonstration_n first_o that_o there_o be_v a_o true_a succession_n of_o one_o reason_n to_o another_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o syllogize_v deliver_v above_o second_o that_o the_o praemiss_n of_o all_o syllogism_n be_v demonstrate_v from_o the_o first_o definition_n three_o that_o after_o definition_n he_o that_o teach_v or_o demonstrate_v any_o thing_n proceed_v in_o the_o same_o method_n by_o which_o he_o find_v it_o out_o namely_o that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n those_o thing_n be_v demonstrate_v which_o immediate_o succeed_v to_o universal_a definition_n in_o which_o be_v contain_v that_o part_n of_o philosophy_n which_o be_v call_v philosophia_fw-la prima_fw-la next_o those_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o simple_a motion_n in_o which_o geometry_n consist_v after_o geome_v try_v such_o thing_n as_o may_v be_v teach_v or_o show_v by_o manifest_a action_n that_o be_v by_o thrust_v from_o or_o pulling_z towards_z and_o after_o these_o the_o motion_n or_o mutation_n of_o the_o invisible_a part_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o sense_n &_o imagination_n &_o of_o the_o internal_a passion_n especial_o those_o of_o man_n in_o which_o be_v comprehend_v the_o ground_n of_o civil_a duty_n or_o civil_a philosophy_n which_o take_v up_o the_o last_o place_n and_o that_o this_o method_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o philosophy_n be_v evident_a from_o hence_o that_o such_o thing_n as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v to_o be_v teach_v last_o can_v be_v demonstrate_v till_o such_o as_o be_v propound_v to_o be_v first_o treat_v of_o be_v full_o understand_v of_o which_o method_n no_o other_o example_n can_v be_v give_v but_o that_o treatise_n of_o the_o element_n of_o philosophy_n which_o i_o shall_v begin_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n and_o continue_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o work_n 18_o beside_o those_o paralogisme_n who_o fault_n lie_v either_o in_o the_o falsity_n of_o the_o praemiss_n or_o the_o want_n of_o true_a composition_n of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o praecedent_a chapter_n there_o be_v two_o more_o which_o be_v frequent_a in_o demonstration_n one_o whereof_o be_v common_o call_v petitio_fw-la principii_fw-la the_o other_o be_v the_o suppose_n of_o a_o false_a cause_n and_o these_o do_v not_o only_o deceive_v unskilful_a learner_n but_o sometime_o master_n themselves_o by_o make_v they_o take_v that_o for_o well_o demonstrate_v which_o be_v not_o demonstrate_v at_o all_o petitio_fw-la principii_fw-la be_v when_o the_o conclusion_n to_o be_v prove_v be_v disguise_v in_o other_o word_n and_o put_v for_o the_o definition_n or_o principle_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o thus_o by_o put_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o thing_n seek_v either_o the_o thing_n itself_o or_o some_o effect_n of_o it_o they_o make_v a_o circle_n in_o their_o demonstration_n as_o for_o example_n he_o that_o will_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o earth_n stand_v still_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n and_o shall_v suppose_v the_o earth_n gravity_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o and_o define_v gravity_n to_o be_v a_o quality_n by_o which_o every_o heavy_a body_n tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n will_v lose_v his_o labour_n for_o the_o question_n be_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o quality_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o he_o that_o suppose_v gravity_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n put_v the_o thing_n itself_o for_o its_o own_o cause_n of_o a_o false_a cause_n i_o find_v this_o example_n in_o a_o certain_a treatise_n where_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o begin_v therefore_o with_o this_o that_o see_v the_o earth_n and_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o always_o in_o the_o same_o situation_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v local_o move_v which_o be_v true_a next_o he_o affirm_v that_o the_o vapour_n which_o the_o sun_n raise_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o this_o motion_n necessary_o move_v which_o also_o be_v true_a from_o whence_o he_o infer_v the_o wind_n be_v make_v and_o this_o may_v pass_v for_o grant_v and_o by_o these_o wind_n he_o say_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v and_o by_o their_o motion_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o it_o be_v beat_v forward_o move_v round_o and_o let_v this_o also_o be_v grant_v wherefore_o he_o conclude_v the_o earth_n be_v move_v which_o be_v nevertheless_o be_v a_o paralogism_n for_o if_o that_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o earth_n be_v from_o the_o beginning_n move_v round_o and_o the_o motion_n either_o of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o wind_n than_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o
which_o they_o work_v be_v continual_o alter_v and_o change_v for_o example_n as_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n increase_v more_o and_o more_o so_o also_o the_o effect_n thereof_o namely_o the_o heat_n of_o such_o body_n as_o be_v next_o to_o it_o &_o again_o of_o such_o other_o body_n as_o be_v next_o to_o they_o increase_v more_o &_o more_o according_o which_o be_v already_o no_o little_a argument_n that_o all_o mutation_n consist_v in_o motion_n only_o the_o truth_n whereof_o shall_v be_v further_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o nine_o article_n but_o in_o this_o progress_n of_o causation_n that_o be_v of_o action_n and_o passion_n if_o any_o man_n comprehend_v in_o his_o imagination_n a_o part_n thereof_o and_o divide_v the_o same_o into_o part_n the_o first_o part_n or_o beginning_n of_o it_o can_v be_v consider_v otherwise_o then_o as_o action_n or_o cause_n for_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v consider_v as_o effect_v or_o passion_n than_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v something_o before_o it_o for_o its_o cause_n or_o action_n which_o can_v be_v for_o nothing_o can_v be_v before_o the_o beginning_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o last_o part_n be_v consider_v only_o as_o effect_v for_o it_o can_v be_v call_v cause_n if_o nothing_o follow_v it_o but_o after_o the_o last_o nothing_o follow_v and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o action_n the_o beginning_n and_o cause_n be_v take_v for_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o every_o one_o of_o the_o intermediate_v part_n be_v both_o action_n and_o passion_n and_o cause_n and_o effect_v according_a as_o they_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o antecedent_n or_o subsequent_a part_n 7_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o motion_n except_o in_o a_o body_n contiguous_a and_o move_v for_o let_v there_o be_v any_o two_o body_n which_o be_v not_o contiguous_a and_o betwixt_o which_o the_o intermediate_v space_n be_v empty_a or_o if_o fill_v fill_v with_o another_o body_n which_o be_v at_o rest_n and_o let_v one_o of_o the_o propound_a body_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v at_o rest_n i_o say_v it_o shall_v always_o be_v at_o rest._n for_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v move_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o motion_n by_o the_o 8_o chapter_n 19_o article_n will_v be_v in_o some_o external_a body_n and_o therefore_o if_o between_o it_o and_o that_o external_a body_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o empty_a space_n than_o whatsoever_o the_o disposition_n be_v of_o that_o external_a body_n or_o of_o the_o patient_n itself_o yet_o if_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v now_o at_o rest_n we_o may_v conceive_v it_o will_v continue_v so_o till_o it_o be_v touch_v by_o some_o other_o body_n but_o see_v cause_n by_o the_o definition_n be_v the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o such_o accident_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v present_a it_o can_v be_v conceive_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n will_v follow_v those_o accident_n which_o be_v either_o in_o external_a body_n or_o in_o the_o patient_n itself_o can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o future_a motion_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n see_v we_o may_v conceive_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v at_o rest_n will_v still_o be_v at_o rest_n though_o it_o be_v touch_v by_o some_o other_o body_n except_o that_o other_o body_n be_v move_v therefore_o in_o a_o contiguous_a body_n which_o be_v at_o rest_n there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o motion_n wherefore_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n of_o motion_n in_o any_o body_n except_o it_o be_v contiguous_a and_o move_v the_o same_o reason_n may_v serve_v to_o prove_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v move_v will_v always_o be_v move_v on_o in_o the_o same_o way_n and_o with_o the_o same_o velocity_n except_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o other_o contiguous_a and_o move_v body_n and_o consequent_o that_o no_o body_n either_o when_o they_o be_v at_o rest_n or_o when_o there_o be_v a_o interposition_n of_o vacuum_n can_v generate_v or_o extinguish_v or_o lesson_n motion_n in_o other_o body_n there_o be_v one_o that_o have_v write_v that_o thing_n move_v be_v more_o resist_v by_o thing_n at_o rest_n then_o by_o thing_n contrary_o move_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o he_o conceive_v motion_n not_o to_o be_v so_o contrary_a to_o motion_n as_o rest._n that_o which_o deceive_v he_o be_v that_o the_o word_n rest_v and_o motion_n be_v but_o contradictory_n name_n whereas_o motion_n indeed_o be_v not_o resist_v by_o rest_n but_o by_o contrary_a motion_n 8_o but_o if_o a_o body_n work_v upon_o another_o body_n at_o one_o time_n and_o afterward_o the_o same_o body_n work_v upon_o the_o same_o body_n at_o another_o time_n so_o that_o both_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n and_o all_o their_o part_n be_v in_o all_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v and_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n except_o only_o in_o time_n that_o be_v that_o one_o action_n be_v former_a the_o other_o late_a in_o time_n it_o be_v manifest_a of_o itself_o that_o the_o effect_n will_v be_v equal_a and_o like_a as_o not_o differ_v in_o any_o thing_n beside_o time_n and_o as_o effect_n themselves_o proceed_v from_o their_o cause_n so_o the_o diversity_n of_o they_o depend_v upon_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o cause_n also_o 9_o this_o be_v true_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o mutation_n can_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o that_o body_n which_o be_v change_v for_o first_o we_o do_v not_o say_v any_o thing_n be_v change_v but_o that_o which_o appear_v to_o our_o sense_n otherwise_o than_o it_o appear_v former_o second_o both_o those_o appearance_n be_v effect_n produce_v in_o the_o sentient_a &_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v different_a it_o be_v necessary_a by_o the_o precede_a article_n that_o either_o some_o part_n of_o the_o agent_n which_o be_v former_o at_o rest_n be_v now_o move_v and_o so_o the_o mutation_n consist_v in_o this_o motion_n or_o some_o part_n which_o be_v former_o move_v be_v now_o otherwise_o move_v and_o so_o also_o the_o mutation_n consist_v in_o this_o new_a motion_n or_o which_o be_v former_o move_v be_v now_o at_o rest_n which_o as_o i_o have_v show_v above_o can_v come_v to_o pass_v without_o motion_n and_o so_o again_o mutation_n be_v motion_n or_o last_o it_o happen_v in_o some_o of_o these_o manner_n to_o the_o patient_n or_o some_o of_o its_o part_n so_o that_o mutation_n howsoever_o it_o be_v make_v will_v consist_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n either_o of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v perceive_v or_o of_o the_o sentient_a body_n or_o of_o both_o mutation_n therefore_o be_v motion_n namely_o of_o the_o part_n either_o of_o the_o agent_n or_o of_o the_o patient_n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o to_o this_o it_o be_v consequent_a that_o rest_n can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o any_o thing_n nor_o can_v any_o action_n proceed_v from_o it_o see_v neither_o motion_n nor_o mutation_n can_v be_v cause_v by_o it_o 10_o accident_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o accident_n which_o precede_v they_o or_o be_v before_o they_o in_o time_n &_o upon_o which_o they_o do_v not_o depend_v as_o upon_o their_o cause_n be_v call_v contingent_a accident_n i_o say_v in_o respect_n of_o those_o accident_n by_o which_o they_o be_v not_o generate_v for_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o cause_n all_o thing_n come_v to_o pass_v with_o equal_a necessity_n for_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o which_o of_o thing_n generate_v be_v not_o intelligible_a chap._n x._o of_o power_n and_o act._n 1_o power_n and_o cause_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n 2_o a_o act_n be_v produce_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n in_o which_o the_o power_n be_v plenary_a 3_o active_a and_o passive_a power_n be_v part_n only_o of_o plenary_a power_n 4_o a_o act_n when_o say_v to_o be_v possible_a 5_o a_o act_n necessary_a and_o contingent_a what_o 6_o active_a power_n consist_v in_o motion_n 7_o cause_v formal_n and_o final_a what_o they_o be_v 1correspondent_a to_o cause_n and_o effect_n be_v power_n and_o act_n nay_o those_o and_o these_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n though_o for_o divers_a consideration_n they_o have_v divers_a name_n forwhensoever_o any_o agent_n have_v all_o those_o accident_n which_o be_v necessary_o requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o some_o effect_n in_o the_o patient_n than_o we_o say_v that_o agent_n have_v power_n to_o produce_v that_o effect_n if_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o patient_n but_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n those_o accident_n constitute_v the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o accident_n which_o constitute_v the_o efficient_a cause_n constitute_v also_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n wherefore_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o they_o be_v consider_v with_o this_o difference_n that_o cause_o be_v so_o call_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o effect_n already_o
other_o than_o a_o efficient_a cause_n a_o final_a cause_n have_v no_o place_n but_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v sense_n and_o will_n and_o this_o also_o i_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o to_o be_v a_o efficient_a cause_n chap._n xi_o of_o identity_n and_o difference_n 1_o what_o it_o be_v for_o one_o thing_n to_o differ_v from_o another_o 2_o to_o differ_v in_o number_n magnitude_n species_n and_o genus_fw-la what_o 3_o what_o be_v relation_n proportion_n and_o relative_n 4_o proportional_n what_o 5_o the_o proportion_n of_o magnitude_n to_o one_o another_o wherein_o it_o consist_v 6_o relation_n be_v no_o new_a accident_n but_o one_o of_o those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o relative_n before_o the_o relation_n or_o comparison_n be_v make_v also_o the_o cause_n of_o accident_n in_o the_o correlative_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o relation_n 7_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o individuation_n 1hitherto_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o body_n simple_o and_o of_o accident_n common_a to_o all_o body_n as_o magnitude_n motion_n rest_v action_n passion_n power_n possible_a etc._n etc._n and_o i_o shall_v now_o descend_v to_o those_o accident_n by_o which_o one_o body_n be_v distinguish_v from_o another_o but_o that_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v declare_v what_o it_o be_v to_o be_v distinct_a and_o not_o distinct_a namely_o what_o be_v the_o same_o and_o different_n for_o this_o also_o be_v common_a to_o all_o body_n that_o they_o may_v be_v distinguish_v and_o difference_v from_o one_o another_o now_o two_o body_n be_v say_v to_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o when_o something_o may_v be_v say_v of_o one_o of_o they_o which_o can_v be_v say_v of_o the_o other_o at_o the_o same_o time_n 2_o and_o first_o of_o all_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o no_o two_o body_n be_v the_o same_o for_o see_v they_o be_v two_o they_o be_v in_o two_o place_n at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o that_o which_o be_v the_o same_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n all_o body_n therefore_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o in_o number_n namely_o as_o one_o and_o another_o so_o that_o the_o same_o and_o different_a in_o number_n be_v name_n oppose_v to_o one_o another_o by_o contradiction_n in_o magnitude_n body_n differ_v when_o one_o be_v great_a than_o another_o as_o a_o cubit_n long_o and_o two_o cubit_n long_o of_o two_o pound_n weight_n and_o of_o three_o pound_n weight_n and_o to_o these_o equal_n be_v oppose_v body_n which_o differ_v more_o then_o in_o magnitude_n be_v call_v unlike_a and_o those_o which_o differ_v only_o in_o magnitude_n like_a also_o of_o unlike_a body_n some_o be_v say_v to_o differ_v in_o the_o species_n other_o in_o the_o genus_fw-la in_o the_o species_n when_o their_o difference_n be_v perceive_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o white_a and_o black_a and_o in_o the_o genus_fw-la when_o their_o difference_n be_v not_o perceive_v but_o by_o divers_a sense_n as_o white_a and_o hot._n 3_o and_o the_o likeness_n or_o unlikeness_n equality_n or_o inequality_n of_o one_o body_n to_o another_o be_v call_v their_o relation_n and_o the_o body_n themselves_o relative_n or_o correlative_n aristotle_n call_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o first_o whereof_o be_v usual_o name_v the_o antecedent_n and_o the_o second_o the_o consequent_a and_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o antecedent_n to_o the_o consequent_a according_a to_o magnitude_n namely_o the_o equality_n the_o excess_n or_o defect_n thereof_o be_v call_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o antecedent_n to_o the_o consequent_a so_o that_o proportion_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o equality_n or_o inequality_n of_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o antecedent_n compare_v to_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o consequent_a by_o their_o difference_n only_o or_o compare_v also_o with_o their_o difference_n for_o example_n the_o proportion_n of_o three_o to_o two_o consist_v only_o in_o this_o that_o three_o exceed_v two_o by_o unity_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o two_o to_o five_o in_o this_o that_o two_o compare_v with_o five_o be_v deficient_a of_o it_o by_o three_o either_o simple_o or_o compare_v with_o the_o number_n different_a and_o therefore_o in_o the_o proportion_n of_o unequal_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o less_o to_o the_o great_a be_v call_v defect_n and_o that_o of_o the_o great_a to_o the_o less_o excess_n 4_o beside_o of_o unequal_o some_o be_v more_o some_o less_o and_o some_o equal_o unequal_a so_o that_o there_o be_v proportion_n of_o proportion_n as_o well_o as_o of_o magnitude_n namely_o where_o two_o unequal_o have_v relation_n to_o two_o other_o unequal_o as_o when_o the_o inequality_n which_o be_v between_o 2_o and_o 3_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o inequality_n which_o be_v between_o 4_o and_o 5._o in_o which_o comparison_n there_o be_v always_o four_o magnitude_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o if_o there_o be_v but_o three_o the_o middlemost_a be_v twice_o number_v and_o if_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o first_o to_o the_o second_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o three_o to_o the_o four_o than_o the_o four_o be_v say_v to_o be_v proportional_n otherwise_o they_o be_v not_o proportional_n 5_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o antecedent_n to_o the_o consequent_a consist_v in_o their_o difference_n not_o only_o simple_o take_v but_o also_o as_o compare_v with_o one_o of_o the_o relative_n that_o be_v either_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o great_a by_o which_o it_o exceed_v the_o less_o or_o in_o the_o remainder_n after_o the_o less_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o great_a as_o the_o proportion_n of_o two_o to_o five_o consist_v in_o the_o three_o by_o which_o five_o exceed_v two_o not_o in_o three_o simple_o only_a but_o also_o as_o compare_v with_o five_o or_o two_n for_o though_o there_o be_v the_o same_o difference_n between_o two_o &_o five_o which_o be_v between_o nine_o and_o twelve_o namely_o three_o yet_o there_o be_v not_o the_o same_o inequality_n and_o therefore_o the_o proportion_n of_o two_o to_o five_o be_v not_o in_o all_o relation_n the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o nine_o to_o twelve_o but_o only_o in_o that_o which_o be_v call_v arithmetical_a 6_o but_o we_o must_v not_o so_o think_v of_o relation_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o accident_n differ_v from_o all_o the_o other_o accident_n of_o the_o relative_n but_o one_o of_o they_o namely_o that_o by_o which_o the_o comparison_n be_v make_v for_o example_n the_o likeness_n of_o one_o white_a to_o another_o white_a or_o its_o unlikeness_n to_o black_a be_v the_o same_o accident_n with_o its_o whiteness_n and_o equality_n and_o inequality_n the_o same_o accident_n with_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o thing_n compare_v though_o under_o another_o name_n for_o that_o which_o be_v call_v white_a or_o great_a when_o it_o be_v not_o compare_v with_o something_o else_o the_o same_o when_o it_o be_v compare_v be_v call_v like_a or_o unlike_a equal_a or_o unequal_a and_o from_o this_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o accident_n which_o be_v in_o relative_n be_v the_o cause_n also_o of_o likeness_n unlikeness_n equality_n and_o inequality_n namely_o that_o he_o that_o make_v two_o unequal_a body_n make_v also_o their_o inequality_n and_o he_o that_o make_v a_o rule_n and_o a_o action_n make_v also_o if_o the_o action_n be_v congruous_a to_o the_o rule_n their_o congruity_n if_o incongruous_a their_o incongruity_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v comparison_n of_o one_o body_n with_o another_o 7_o but_o the_o same_o body_n may_v at_o different_a time_n be_v compare_v with_o itself_o and_o from_o hence_o spring_v a_o great_a controversy_n among_o philosopher_n about_o the_o beginning_n of_o individuation_n namely_o in_o what_o sense_n it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o a_o body_n be_v at_o one_o time_n the_o same_o at_o another_o time_n not_o the_o same_o it_o be_v former_o for_o example_n whether_o a_o man_n grow_v old_a be_v the_o same_o man_n he_o be_v while_o he_o be_v young_a or_o another_o man_n or_o whether_o a_o city_n be_v in_o different_a age_n the_o same_o or_o another_o city_n some_o place_n individuity_n in_o the_o unity_n of_o matter_n other_o in_o the_o unity_n of_o form_n and_o one_o say_v it_o consist_v in_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o the_o accident_n together_o for_o matter_n it_o be_v plead_v that_o a_o lump_n of_o wax_n whether_o it_o be_v spherical_a or_o cubical_a be_v the_o same_o wax_n because_o the_o same_o matter_n for_o form_n that_o when_o a_o man_n be_v grow_v from_o a_o infant_n to_o be_v a_o old_a man_n though_o his_o matter_n be_v change_v yet_o he_o be_v still_o the_o same_o numerical_a man_n for_o that_o identity_n which_o can_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o matter_n ought_v probable_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o form_n for_o the_o aggregate_v of_o accident_n no_o instance_n can_v be_v make_v but_o because_o
same_o chapter_n i_o have_v show_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v at_o rest_n will_v always_o be_v at_o rest_n unless_o there_o be_v some_o other_o body_n beside_o it_o which_o by_o get_v into_o its_o place_n suffer_v it_o no_o long_o to_o remain_v at_o rest._n and_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v move_v will_v always_o be_v move_v unless_o there_o be_v some_o other_o body_n beside_o it_o which_o hinder_v its_o motion_n ten_o in_o the_o 9_o chapter_n and_o 7_o article_n i_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o when_o any_o body_n be_v move_v which_o be_v former_o at_o rest_n the_o immediate_a efficient_a cause_n of_o that_o motion_n be_v in_o some_o other_o move_v and_o contiguous_a body_n eleven_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o same_o place_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v move_v will_v always_o be_v move_v in_o the_o same_o way_n and_o with_o the_o same_o swiftness_n if_o it_o be_v not_o hinder_v by_o some_o other_o move_v and_o contiguous_a body_n 2_o to_o which_o principle_n i_o shall_v here_o add_v these_o that_o follow_v first_o i_o define_v endeavour_n to_o be_v motion_n make_v in_o less_o space_n and_o time_n then_o can_v be_v give_v that_o be_v less_o than_o can_v be_v determine_v or_o assign_v by_o exposition_n or_o number_n that_o be_v motion_n make_v through_o the_o length_n of_o a_o point_n and_o in_o a_o instant_a or_o point_n of_o time_n for_o the_o explayn_v of_o which_o definition_n it_o must_v be_v remember_v that_o by_o a_o point_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o which_o have_v no_o quantity_n or_o which_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n be_v divide_v for_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o nature_n but_o that_o who_o quantity_n be_v not_o at_o all_o consider_v that_o be_v whereof_o neither_o quantity_n nor_o any_o part_n be_v compute_v in_o demonstration_n so_o that_o a_o point_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o indivisible_a but_o for_o a_o undivided_a thing_n as_o also_o a_o instant_a be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o undivided_a and_o not_o for_o a_o indivisible_a time_n in_o like_a manner_n endeavour_n be_v to_o be_v conceive_v as_o motion_n but_o so_o as_o that_o neither_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o time_n in_o which_o nor_o of_o the_o line_n in_o which_o it_o be_v make_v may_v in_o demonstration_n be_v at_o all_o bring_v into_o comparison_n with_o the_o quantity_n of_o that_o time_n or_o of_o that_o line_n of_o which_o it_o be_v a_o part_n and_o yet_o as_o a_o point_n may_v be_v compare_v with_o a_o point_n so_o one_o endeavour_n may_v be_v compare_v with_o another_o endeavour_n and_o one_o may_v be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a or_o less_o than_o another_o for_o if_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o two_o angle_n be_v compare_v they_o will_v be_v equal_a or_o unequal_a in_o the_o same_o proportion_n which_o the_o angle_n themselves_o have_v to_o one_o another_o or_o if_o a_o straight_a line_n cut_v many_o circumference_n of_o concentric_a circle_n the_o inequality_n of_o the_o point_n of_o intersection_n will_v be_v in_o the_o same_o proportion_n which_o the_o perimeter_n have_v to_o one_o another_o and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n if_o two_o motion_n begin_v and_o end_n both_o together_o their_o endeavour_n will_v be_v equal_a or_o unequal_a according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o velocity_n as_o we_o see_v a_o bullet_n of_o lead_n descend_v with_o great_a endeavour_n than_o a_o ball_n of_o wool_n second_o i_o define_v impetus_fw-la or_o quickness_n of_o motion_n to_o be_v the_o swiftness_n or_o velocity_n of_o the_o body_n move_v but_o consider_v in_o the_o several_a point_n of_o that_o time_n in_o which_o it_o be_v move_v in_o which_o sense_v impetus_fw-la be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o quantity_n or_o velocity_n of_o endeavour_n but_o consider_v with_o the_o whole_a time_n it_o be_v the_o whole_a velocity_n of_o the_o body_n move_v take_v together_o throughout_o all_o the_o time_n and_o equal_a to_o the_o product_n of_o a_o line_n represent_v the_o time_n multiply_v into_o a_o line_n represent_v the_o arithmetical_o mean_v impetus_fw-la or_o quickness_n which_o arithmetical_a mean_n what_o it_o be_v be_v define_v in_o the_o 29_o article_n of_o the_o 13_o chapter_n and_o because_o in_o equal_a time_n the_o way_n that_o be_v pass_v be_v as_o the_o velocity_n and_o the_o impetus_fw-la be_v the_o velocity_n they_o go_v withal_o reckon_v in_o all_o the_o several_a point_n of_o the_o time_n it_o follow_v that_o during_o any_o time_n whatsoever_o howsoever_o the_o impetus_fw-la be_v increase_v or_o decrease_v the_o length_n of_o the_o way_n pass_v over_o shall_v be_v increase_v or_o decrease_v in_o the_o same_o proportion_n and_o the_o same_o line_n shall_v represent_v both_o the_o way_n of_o the_o body_n move_v and_o the_o several_a impetus_fw-la or_o degree_n of_o swiftness_n wherewith_o the_o way_n be_v pass_v over_o and_o if_o the_o body_n move_v be_v not_o a_o point_n but_o a_o straight_a line_n move_v so_o as_o that_o every_o point_n thereof_o make_v a_o several_a straight_a line_n the_o plain_a describe_v by_o its_o motion_n whether_o uniform_a accelerate_a or_o retard_v shall_v be_v great_a or_o less_o the_o time_n be_v the_o same_o in_o the_o same_o proportion_n with_o that_o of_o the_o impetus_fw-la reckon_v in_o one_o motion_n to_o the_o impetus_fw-la reckon_v in_o the_o other_o for_o the_o reason_n be_v the_o same_o in_o parallellogram_n and_o their_o side_n for_o the_o same_o cause_n also_o if_o the_o body_n move_v be_v a_o plain_a the_o solid_a describe_v shall_v be_v still_o great_a or_o less_o in_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o several_a impetus_fw-la or_o quickness_n reckon_v through_o one_o line_n to_o the_o several_a impetus_fw-la reckon_v through_o another_o this_o understand_v let_v abcd_v in_o the_o first_o figure_n of_o the_o 17_o chapter_n be_v a_o parallelogram_n in_o which_o suppose_v the_o side_n ab_fw-la to_o be_v move_v parallel_o to_o the_o opposite_a side_n cd_o decrease_v all_o the_o way_n till_o it_o vanish_v in_o the_o point_n c_o and_o so_o describe_v the_o figure_n abefc_n the_o point_n b_o as_o ab_fw-la decrease_v will_v therefore_o describe_v the_o line_n befc_n and_o suppose_v the_o time_n of_o this_o motion_n design_v by_o the_o line_n cd_o and_o in_o the_o same_o time_n cd_o suppose_v the_o side_n ac_fw-la to_o be_v move_v parallelly_n and_o uniform_o to_o bd._n from_o the_o point_n o_o take_v at_o adventure_n in_o the_o line_n cd_o draw_v or_o parallel_v to_o bd_o cut_v the_o line_n befc_n in_o e_o and_o the_o side_n ab_fw-la in_o r._n and_o again_o from_o the_o point_n qui_fw-fr take_v also_o at_o adventure_n in_o the_o line_n cd_o draw_v q_n parallel_v to_o bd_o cut_v the_o line_n befc_n in_o f_o and_o the_o side_n ab_fw-la in_o saint_n and_o draw_v eglantine_n and_o fh_n parallel_n to_o cd_o cut_v ac_fw-la in_o g_z and_o h._n last_o suppose_v the_o same_o construction_n do_v in_o all_o the_o point_n possible_a of_o the_o line_n befc_n i_o saâ—_n that_o as_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o swiftness_n wherewith_o qf_n oe_o db_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n supopse_v to_o be_v draw_v parallel_n to_o db_n and_o terminate_v in_o the_o line_n befc_n be_v to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o several_a time_n design_v by_o the_o several_a parallel_n hf_n ge_n ab_fw-la and_o all_o the_o rest_n suppose_v to_o be_v draw_v parallel_n to_o the_o line_n of_o time_n cd_o and_o terminate_v in_o the_o line_n befc_n the_o aggregate_v to_o the_o aggregate_v so_o be_v the_o area_n or_o plain_a dbefc_n to_o the_o area_n or_o plain_a acfeb_n for_o as_o ab_fw-la decrease_v continual_o by_o the_o line_n befc_n vanish_v in_o the_o time_n cd_o into_o the_o point_n c_o so_o in_o the_o same_o time_n the_o line_n dc_o continual_o decrease_v vanish_v by_o the_o same_o line_n cfeb_n into_o the_o point_n b_o and_o the_o point_n d_o describe_v in_o that_o decrease_a motion_n the_o line_n db_n equal_a to_o the_o line_n ac_fw-la describe_v by_o the_o point_n a_o in_o the_o decrease_a motion_n of_o a_o &_o b_o &_o their_o swiftness_n be_v therefore_o equal_a again_o because_o in_o the_o time_n ge_n the_o point_n o_o describe_v the_o line_n oe_v and_o in_o the_o same_o time_n the_o point_n r_o describe_v the_o line_n re_fw-mi the_o line_n oe_n shall_v be_v to_o the_o line_n re_fw-mi as_o the_o swiftness_n wherewith_o oe_n be_v describe_v to_o the_o swiftness_n wherewith_o re_n be_v describe_v in_o like_a manner_n because_o in_o the_o same_o time_n hf_n the_o point_n qui_fw-fr describe_v the_o line_n qf_n and_o the_o point_n s_o the_o line_n sf_n it_o shall_v be_v as_o the_o swiftness_n by_o which_o qf_n be_v describe_v to_o the_o swiftness_n by_o which_o sf_n be_v describe_v so_o the_o line_n itself_o qf_o to_o the_o line_n itself_o sf_n and_o so_o in_o all_o the_o line_n that_o can_v possible_o be_v
touch_v a_o spiral_n at_o the_o end_n of_o its_o first_o conversion_n for_o upon_o the_o centre_n a_o in_o the_o six_o figure_n let_v the_o circle_n bcde_v be_v describe_v and_o in_o it_o let_v archimedes_n his_o spiral_n afghb_n be_v draw_v beginning_z at_z a_o and_o end_n at_o b._n through_o the_o centre_n a_o let_v the_o straight_a line_n ce_fw-fr be_v draw_v cut_v the_o diameter_n bd_o at_o right_n angle_n and_o let_v it_o be_v produce_v to_o i_o so_o that_o ai_fw-fr be_v equal_a to_o the_o perimeter_n bcdeb_fw-mi therefore_o ib_n be_v draw_v will_v touch_v the_o spiral_n afghb_n in_o b_o which_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o archimedes_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr spiralibus_fw-la and_o for_o a_o straight_a line_n equal_a to_o the_o give_v spiral_n afghb_n it_o may_v be_v find_v thus_o let_v the_o straight_a line_n a_z which_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o perimeter_n bcde_v be_v bisect_v in_o k_o and_o take_v kl_n equal_a to_o the_o radius_fw-la ab_fw-la let_v the_o rectangle_n il_fw-fr be_v complete_v let_v ml_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v the_o axis_fw-la and_o kl_n the_o base_a of_o a_o parabola_fw-la and_o let_v mk_n be_v the_o crooked_a line_n thereof_o now_o if_o the_o point_n m_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v so_o move_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o two_o movent_n the_o one_o from_o in_o to_o kl_n with_o velocity_n increase_a continual_o in_o the_o same_o proportion_n with_o the_o time_n the_o other_o from_o ml_o to_o ik_fw-mi uniform_o that_o both_o those_o motion_n begin_v together_o in_o m_n and_o end_n in_o k_o galilaeus_fw-la have_v demonstrate_v that_o by_o such_o motion_n of_o the_o point_n m_o the_o crooked_a line_n of_o a_o parabola_fw-la will_v be_v describe_v again_o if_o the_o point_n a_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v move_v uniform_o in_o the_o straight_a line_n ab_fw-la and_o in_o the_o same_o time_n to_o be_v carry_v round_o upon_o the_o centre_n a_o by_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o all_o the_o point_n between_o a_o and_o b_o archimedes_n have_v demonstrate_v that_o by_o such_o motion_n will_v be_v describe_v a_o spiral_n line_n and_o see_v the_o circle_n of_o all_o these_o motion_n be_v concentric_a in_o a_o and_o the_o interior_a circle_n be_v always_o less_o than_o the_o exterior_a in_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o time_n in_o which_o ab_fw-la be_v pass_v over_o with_o uniform_a motion_n the_o velocity_n also_o of_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o point_n a_o will_v continual_o increase_v proportional_o to_o the_o time_n and_o thus_o far_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o parabolical_a line_n mk_n and_o of_o the_o spiral_n line_n afghb_n be_v like_a but_o the_o uniform_a motion_n in_o ab_fw-la concur_v with_o circular_a motion_n in_o the_o perimeter_n of_o all_o the_o concentric_a circle_n describe_v that_o circle_n who_o centre_n be_v a_o and_o perimeter_n bcde_v and_o therefore_o that_o circle_n be_v by_o the_o coral_n of_o the_o first_o article_n of_o the_o 16_o chapter_n the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o the_o velocity_n together_o take_v of_o the_o point_n a_o whilst_o it_o describe_v the_o spiral_n afghb_n also_o the_o rectangle_n iklm_n be_v the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o the_o velocity_n together_o take_v of_o the_o point_n m_o while_o it_o describe_v the_o crooked_a line_n mk_n and_o therefore_o the_o whole_a velocity_n by_o which_o the_o parabolicall_a line_n mk_n be_v describe_v be_v to_o the_o whole_a velocity_n with_o which_o the_o spiral_n line_n afghb_n be_v describe_v in_o the_o same_o time_n as_o the_o rectangle_n iklm_n be_v to_o the_o circle_n bcde_v that_o be_v to_o the_o triangle_n aib_n but_o because_o a_z be_v bisect_v in_o k_o &_o the_o straight_a line_n in_o &_o ab_fw-la be_v equal_a therefore_o the_o rectangle_n iklm_n and_o the_o triangle_n aib_n be_v also_o equal_a wherefore_o the_o spiral_n line_n afghb_n and_o the_o parabolical_a line_n mk_n be_v describe_v with_o equal_a velocity_n and_o in_o equal_a time_n be_v equal_a to_o one_o another_o now_o in_o the_o first_o article_n of_o the_o 18_o chapter_n a_o straight_a line_n be_v find_v out_o equal_a to_o any_o parabolical_a line_n wherefore_o also_o a_o straight_a line_n be_v find_v out_o equal_a to_o a_o give_v spiral_n line_n of_o the_o first_o revolution_n describe_v by_o archimedes_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v 6_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n which_o be_v of_o method_n that_o which_o i_o shall_v there_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o analytic_n of_o geometrician_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o defer_v because_o i_o can_v not_o there_o have_v be_v understand_v as_o not_o have_v then_o so_o much_o as_o name_v line_n superficies_n solid_n equal_a and_o unequal_a etc._n etc._n wherefore_o i_o will_v in_o this_o place_n set_v down_o my_o thought_n concern_v it_o analysis_n be_v continual_a reason_v from_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o term_n of_o a_o proposition_n we_o suppose_v true_a and_o again_o from_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o term_n of_o those_o definition_n and_o so_o on_o till_o we_o come_v to_o some_o thing_n know_v the_o composition_n whereof_o be_v the_o demonstration_n of_o the_o truth_n or_o falsity_n of_o the_o first_o supposition_n and_o this_o composition_n or_o demonstration_n be_v that_o we_o call_v synthesis_n analytica_n therefore_o be_v that_o art_n by_o which_o our_o reason_n proceed_v from_o something_o suppose_v to_o principle_n that_o be_v to_o prime_a proposition_n or_o to_o such_o as_o be_v know_v by_o these_o till_o we_o have_v so_o many_o know_a proposition_n as_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o demonstration_n of_o the_o truth_n or_o falsity_n of_o the_o thing_n suppose_v synthetica_fw-la be_v the_o art_n itself_o of_o demonstration_n synthesis_n therefore_o and_o analysis_n differ_v in_o nothing_o but_o in_o proceed_v forward_o or_o backward_o and_o logistica_fw-la comprehend_v both_o so_o that_o in_o the_o analysis_n or_o synthesis_n of_o any_o question_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o any_o problem_n the_o term_n of_o all_o the_o proposition_n ought_v to_o be_v convertible_a or_o if_o they_o be_v enunciate_v hypothetical_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o consequent_a ought_v not_o only_o to_o follow_v out_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o its_o antecedent_n but_o contrary_o also_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o antecedent_n must_v necessary_o be_v infer_v from_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o consequent_a for_o otherwise_o when_o by_o resolution_n we_o be_v arrive_v at_o principle_n we_o can_v by_o composition_n return_v direct_o back_o to_o the_o thing_n seek_v for_o for_o those_o term_n which_o be_v the_o first_o in_o analysis_n will_v be_v the_o last_o in_o synthesis_n as_o for_o example_n when_o in_o resolve_v we_o say_v these_o two_o rectangle_v be_v equal_a and_o therefore_o their_o side_n be_v reciprocal_o proportional_a we_o must_v necessary_o in_o compound_v say_v the_o side_n of_o these_o rectangle_v be_v reciprocal_o proportional_a and_o therefore_o the_o rectangle_v themselves_o be_v equal_a which_o we_o can_v not_o say_v â—…ss_n rectangle_v have_v their_o side_n reciprocal_o proportional_a and_o rectangle_v be_v equal_a be_v term_n convertible_a now_o in_o every_o analysis_n that_o which_o be_v seek_v be_v the_o proportion_n of_o two_o quantity_n by_o which_o proportion_n a_o figure_n be_v describe_v the_o quantity_n seek_v for_o may_v be_v expose_v to_o sense_n and_o this_o exposition_n be_v the_o end_n and_o solution_n of_o the_o question_n or_o the_o construction_n of_o the_o problem_n and_o see_v analysis_n be_v reason_v from_o something_o suppose_v till_o we_o come_v to_o principle_n that_o be_v to_o definition_n or_o to_o theorem_n former_o know_v and_o see_v the_o same_o reason_n tend_v in_o the_o last_o place_n to_o some_o equation_n we_o can_v therefore_o make_v no_o end_n of_o resolve_v till_o we_o come_v at_o last_o to_o the_o cause_n themselves_o of_o equality_n and_o inequality_n or_o to_o theorem_n former_o demonstrate_v from_o those_o cause_n and_o so_o have_v a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o those_o theorem_n for_o the_o demonstration_n of_o the_o thing_n seek_v for_o and_o see_v also_o that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o analytic_n be_v either_o the_o construction_n of_o such_o a_o problem_n as_o be_v possible_a or_o the_o detection_n of_o the_o impossibility_n thereof_o whensoever_o the_o problem_n may_v be_v solve_v the_o analyst_n must_v not_o stay_v till_o he_o come_v to_o those_o thing_n which_o contain_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o that_o whereof_o he_o be_v to_o make_v construction_n but_o he_o must_v of_o necessity_n stay_v when_o he_o come_v to_o prime_a proposition_n and_o these_o be_v definition_n these_o definition_n therefore_o must_v contain_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o his_o construction_n i_o say_v of_o his_o construction_n not_o of_o the_o conclusion_n which_o he_o demonstrate_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o conclusion_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o premise_a proposition_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n he_o prove_v be_v
be_v so_o stretch_v as_o that_o there_o be_v leave_v in_o it_o no_o boâ—ome_n at_o all_o for_o otherwise_o the_o straight_a line_n lp_v mq_n &_o bk_n will_v not_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o sail_n but_o fall_v below_o p_o q_o and_o k_o will_v drive_v the_o ship_n backward_o but_o by_o make_v use_n of_o a_o small_a board_n for_o a_o sail_n a_o little_a wagon_n with_o wheel_n for_o the_o ship_n and_o of_o a_o smooth_a pavement_n for_o the_o sea_n i_o have_v by_o experience_n find_v this_o to_o be_v so_o true_a that_o i_o can_v scarce_o oppose_v the_o board_n to_o the_o wind_n in_o any_o obliquity_n though_o never_o so_o small_a but_o the_o wagon_n be_v carry_v forward_o by_o it_o by_o the_o same_o 6_o theorem_a it_o may_v be_v find_v how_o much_o a_o stroke_n which_o fall_v oblique_o be_v weak_a than_o a_o stroke_n fall_v perpendicular_o they_o be_v like_a and_o equal_a in_o all_o other_o respect_n let_v a_o stroke_n fall_n upon_o the_o wall_n ab_fw-la oblique_o as_o for_o example_n in_o the_o straight_a line_n ca_n in_o the_o 3d_o figure_n let_v ce_fw-fr be_v draw_v parallel_n to_o ab_fw-la &_o da_fw-la perpendicular_a to_o the_o same_o ab_fw-la &_o equal_a to_o ca_n &_o let_v both_o the_o velocity_n &_o time_n of_o the_o motion_n in_o ca_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o velocity_n &_o time_n of_o the_o motion_n in_o da._n i_o say_v the_o stroke_n in_o ca_n will_v be_v weak_a than_o that_o in_o da_fw-la in_o the_o proportion_n of_o ea_fw-la to_o da._n for_o produce_v da_fw-la howsoever_o to_o f_o the_o endeavour_n of_o both_o the_o stroke_n will_v by_o the_o 6_o art_n proceed_v from_o a_o in_o the_o perpendicular_a af._n but_o the_o stroke_n in_o ca_n be_v make_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o two_o motion_n in_o ce_fw-fr and_o ea_fw-la of_o which_o that_o in_o ce_fw-fr contribute_v nothing_o to_o the_o stroke_n in_o a_o because_o ce_fw-fr and_o basilius_n be_v parallel_n and_o therefore_o the_o stroke_n in_o ca_n be_v make_v by_o the_o motion_n which_o be_v in_o ea_fw-la only_o but_o the_o velocity_n or_o force_n of_o the_o perpendicular_a stroke_n in_o ea_fw-la to_o the_o velocity_n or_o force_n of_o the_o stroke_n in_o da_fw-la be_v as_o ea_z to_o da._n wherefore_o the_o oblique_a stroke_n in_o ca_n be_v weak_a than_o the_o perpendicular_a stroke_n in_o da_fw-la in_o the_o proportion_n of_o ea_fw-la to_o dam_fw-la or_o ca_n which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v 9_o in_o a_o full_a medium_fw-la all_o endeavour_n proceed_v as_o far_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la itself_o reach_v that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v infinite_a the_o endeavour_n will_v proceed_v infinite_o for_o whatsoever_o endeavour_v be_v move_v and_o therefore_o whatsoever_o stand_v in_o its_o way_n it_o make_v it_o yield_v at_o least_o a_o little_a namely_o so_o far_o as_o the_o movent_fw-la itself_o be_v move_v forward_o but_o that_o which_o yield_v be_v also_o move_v and_o consequent_o make_v that_o to_o yield_v which_o be_v in_o its_o way_n and_o so_o on_o successive_o as_o long_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v full_a that_o be_v to_o say_v infinite_o if_o the_o full_a medium_fw-la be_v infinite_a which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v now_o although_o endeavour_v thus_o perpetual_o propagate_v do_v not_o always_o appear_v to_o the_o sense_n as_o motion_n yet_o it_o appear_v as_o action_n or_o as_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o some_o mutation_n for_o if_o there_o be_v place_v before_o our_o eye_n some_o very_a little_a object_n as_o for_o example_n a_o small_a grain_n of_o sand_n which_o at_o a_o certain_a distance_n be_v visible_a it_o be_v manifest_a that_o it_o may_v be_v remove_v to_o such_o a_o distance_n as_o not_o to_o be_v any_o long_o see_v though_o by_o its_o action_n it_o still_o work_v upon_o the_o organ_n of_o sight_n as_o be_v manifest_a from_o that_o which_o be_v last_o prove_v that_o all_o endeavour_n proceed_v infinite_o let_v it_o be_v conceive_v therefore_o to_o be_v remove_v from_o our_o eye_n to_o any_o distance_n how_o great_a soever_o and_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o other_o grain_n of_o sand_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n add_v to_o it_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o those_o sand_n will_v be_v visible_a and_o though_o none_o of_o they_o can_v be_v see_v when_o it_o be_v single_a and_o sever_v from_o the_o rest_n yet_o the_o whole_a heap_n or_o hill_n which_o they_o make_v will_v manifest_o appear_v to_o the_o sight_n which_o will_v be_v impossible_a if_o some_o action_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o each_o several_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a heap_n 10_o between_o the_o degree_n of_o hard_a and_o soft_a be_v those_o thing_n which_o we_o call_v tough_a tough_n be_v that_o which_o may_v be_v bend_v without_o be_v alter_v from_o what_o it_o be_v and_o the_o bend_v of_o a_o line_n be_v either_o the_o adduction_n or_o diduction_n of_o the_o extreme_a part_n that_o be_v a_o morion_n from_o straightness_n to_o crookedness_n or_o contrary_o while_o the_o line_n remain_v still_o the_o same_o it_o be_v for_o by_o draw_v out_o the_o extreme_a point_n of_o a_o line_n to_o their_o great_a distance_n the_o line_n be_v make_v straight_o which_o otherwise_o be_v crooked_a so_o also_o the_o bend_v of_o a_o superficies_n be_v the_o diduction_n or_o adduction_n of_o its_o extreme_a line_n that_o be_v their_o dilatation_n and_o contraction_n 11_o dilatation_n and_o contraction_n as_o also_o all_o flexion_n suppose_v necessary_o that_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o body_n bow_v do_v either_o come_v near_o to_o the_o external_a part_n or_o go_v further_o from_o they_o for_o though_o flexion_n be_v consider_v only_o in_o the_o length_n of_o a_o body_n yet_o when_o that_o body_n be_v bow_v the_o line_n which_o be_v make_v on_o one_o side_n will_v be_v convex_a and_o the_o line_n on_o the_o other_o side_n will_v be_v concave_a of_o which_o the_o concave_a be_v the_o interior_a line_n will_v unless_o something_o be_v take_v from_o it_o and_o add_v to_o the_o convex_a line_n be_v the_o more_o crooked_a that_o be_v the_o great_a of_o the_o two_o but_o they_o be_v equal_a and_o therefore_o in_o flexion_n there_o be_v a_o accession_n make_v from_o the_o interior_a to_o the_o exterior_a part_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o tension_n from_o the_o exterior_a to_o the_o interior_a part_n and_o as_o for_o those_o thing_n which_o do_v not_o easy_o suffer_v such_o transposition_n of_o their_o part_n they_o be_v call_v brittle_a and_o the_o great_a force_n they_o require_v to_o make_v they_o yield_v make_v they_o also_o with_o sudden_a motion_n to_o leap_v asunder_o and_o break_v in_o piece_n 12_o also_o motion_n be_v distinguish_v into_o pulsion_n and_o traction_n and_o pulsion_n as_o i_o have_v already_o define_v it_o be_v when_o that_o which_o be_v move_v go_v before_o that_o which_o move_v it_o but_o contrary_o in_o traction_n the_o movent_fw-la go_v before_o that_o which_o be_v move_v nevertheless_o consider_v it_o with_o great_a attention_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o pulsion_n for_o of_o two_o part_n of_o a_o hard_a body_n when_o that_o which_o be_v foremost_a drive_v before_o it_o the_o medium_fw-la in_o which_o the_o motion_n be_v make_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o which_o be_v thrust_v forward_o thrust_v the_o next_o and_o this_o again_o the_o next_o and_o so_o on_o successive_o in_o which_o action_n if_o we_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v no_o place_n void_a it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o by_o continual_a pulsion_n namely_o when_o that_o action_n have_v go_v round_o the_o movent_fw-la will_v be_v behind_o that_o part_n which_o at_o the_o first_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v thrust_v forward_o but_o to_o be_v draw_v so_o that_o now_o the_o body_n which_o be_v draw_v go_v before_o the_o body_n which_o give_v it_o motion_n and_o its_o motion_n be_v no_o long_a traction_n but_o pulsion_n 13_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v remove_v from_o their_o place_n by_o forcible_a compression_n or_o extension_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o force_n be_v take_v away_o do_v present_o return_v and_o restore_v themselves_o to_o their_o former_a situation_n have_v the_o beginning_n of_o their_o restitution_n within_o themselves_o namely_o a_o certain_a motion_n in_o their_o internal_a part_n which_o be_v there_o when_o before_o the_o take_v away_o of_o the_o force_n they_o be_v compress_v or_o extend_v for_o that_o restitution_n be_v motion_n and_o that_o which_o be_v at_o rest_n can_v be_v move_v but_o by_o a_o move_v and_o a_o contiguous_a movent_fw-la nor_o do_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o restitution_n proceed_v from_o the_o take_n away_o of_o the_o force_n by_o which_o they_o be_v compress_v or_o extend_v for_o the_o remove_n of_o impediment_n have_v not_o the_o efficacy_n of_o a_o cause_n as_o have_v
be_v show_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 3d_o article_n of_o the_o 15_o chapter_n the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o their_o restitution_n be_v some_o motion_n either_o of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la or_o of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n compress_v or_o extend_v but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la have_v no_o endeavour_v which_o contribute_v to_o their_o compression_n or_o extension_n nor_o to_o the_o set_n of_o they_o at_o liberty_n or_o restitution_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o their_o compression_n or_o extension_n there_o be_v leave_v some_o endeavour_n or_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o impediment_n be_v remove_v every_o part_n resume_v its_o former_a place_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o whole_a restore_v itself_o 14_o in_o the_o carriage_n of_o body_n if_o that_o body_n which_o carry_v another_o hit_v upon_o any_o obstacle_n or_o be_v by_o any_o mean_n sudden_o stop_v and_o that_o which_o be_v carry_v be_v not_o stop_v it_o will_v go_v on_o till_o its_o motion_n be_v by_o some_o external_a impediment_n take_v away_o for_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o 8_o chapter_n at_o the_o 19_o article_n that_o motion_n unless_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o external_a resistance_n will_v be_v continue_v eternal_o with_o the_o same_o celerity_n and_o in_o the_o seven_o article_n of_o the_o 9th_o chap._n that_o the_o action_n of_o a_o external_a agent_n be_v of_o no_o effect_n without_o contact_n when_o therefore_o that_o which_o carry_v another_o thing_n be_v stop_v that_o stop_n do_v not_o present_o take_v away_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o which_o be_v carry_v it_o will_v therefore_o proceed_v till_o its_o motion_n be_v by_o little_a and_o little_o extinguish_v by_o some_o external_a resistance_n which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v though_o experience_n alone_o have_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v this_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o that_o body_n which_o carry_v another_o be_v put_v from_o rest_n into_o sudden_a motion_n that_o which_o be_v carry_v will_v not_o be_v move_v forward_o together_o with_o it_o but_o will_v be_v leave_v behind_o for_o the_o contiguous_a part_n of_o the_o body_n carry_v have_v almost_o the_o same_o motion_n with_o the_o body_n which_o carry_v it_o and_o the_o remote_a part_n will_v receive_v different_a velocity_n according_a to_o their_o different_a distance_n from_o the_o body_n that_o carry_v they_o namely_o the_o more_o remote_a the_o part_n be_v the_o less_o will_v be_v their_o degree_n of_o velocity_n it_o be_v necessary_a therefore_o that_o the_o body_n which_o be_v carry_v be_v leave_v according_o more_a or_o less_o behind_o and_o this_o also_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n when_o at_o the_o start_n forward_o of_o the_o horse_n the_o rider_n fall_v backward_o 15_o in_o percussion_n therefore_o when_o one_o hard_a body_n be_v in_o some_o small_a â—art_n of_o it_o strike_v by_o another_o with_o great_a force_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o whole_a body_n shall_v yield_v to_o the_o stroke_n with_o the_o same_o celerity_n with_o which_o the_o strike_a part_n yield_v for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n receive_v their_o motion_n from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n strike_v and_o yield_a which_o motion_n be_v less_o propagate_v every_o way_n towards_o the_o side_n than_o it_o be_v direct_o forward_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o sometime_o very_o hard_a body_n which_o be_v erect_v can_v hardly_o be_v make_v to_o stand_v be_v more_o easy_o break_v then_o throw_v down_o by_o a_o violent_a stroke_n when_o nevertheless_o if_o all_o their_o part_n together_o be_v by_o any_o weak_a motion_n thrust_v forward_o they_o will_v easy_o be_v cast_v down_o 16_o though_o the_o difference_n between_o trusion_n and_o percussion_n consist_v only_o in_o this_o that_o in_o trusion_n the_o motion_n both_o of_o the_o movent_fw-la and_o moved_n body_n begin_v both_o together_o in_o their_o very_a contact_n and_o in_o percussion_n the_o strike_a body_n be_v first_o move_v and_o afterward_o the_o body_n strike_v yet_o their_o effect_n be_v so_o different_a that_o it_o seem_v scarce_o possible_a to_o compare_v their_o force_n with_o one_o another_o i_o say_v any_o effect_n of_o percussion_n be_v propound_v as_o for_o example_n the_o stroke_n of_o a_o beetle_n of_o any_o weight_n assign_v by_o which_o a_o pile_n of_o any_o give_a length_n be_v to_o be_v drive_v into_o earth_n of_o any_o tenacity_n give_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o hard_o if_o not_o impossible_a to_o define_v with_o what_o weight_n or_o with_o what_o stroke_n and_o in_o what_o time_n the_o same_o pile_n may_v be_v drive_v 〈◊〉_d a_o depth_n assign_v into_o the_o same_o earth_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o difficulty_n be_v this_o that_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o percutient_fw-la be_v to_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o ponderant_fw-la now_o velocity_n see_v it_o be_v compute_v by_o the_o length_n of_o space_n transmit_v be_v to_o be_v account_v but_o as_o one_o dimension_n but_o weight_n be_v as_o a_o solid_a thing_n be_v measure_v by_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o there_o be_v no_o comparison_n to_o be_v make_v of_o a_o solid_a body_n with_o a_o length_n that_o be_v with_o a_o line_n 17_o if_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o a_o body_n be_v at_o rest_n or_o retain_v the_o same_o situation_n with_o one_o another_o for_o any_o time_n how_o little_a soever_o there_o can_v in_o those_o part_n be_v generate_v any_o new_a motion_n or_o endeavour_v whereof_o the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v not_o without_o the_o body_n of_o which_o they_o be_v part_n for_o if_o any_o small_a part_n which_o be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v now_o at_o rest_n and_o by_o and_o by_o to_o be_v move_v that_o part_n must_v of_o necessity_n receive_v its_o motion_n from_o some_o move_v and_o contiguous_a body_n but_o by_o supposition_n there_o be_v no_o such_o move_v and_o contiguous_a part_n within_o the_o body_n wherefore_o if_o there_o be_v any_o endeavour_n or_o motion_n or_o change_v of_o situation_n in_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o that_o body_n it_o must_v needs_o arise_v from_o some_o efficient_a cause_n that_o be_v without_o the_o body_n which_o contain_v they_o which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v 18_o in_o hard_a body_n therefore_o which_o be_v compress_v or_o extend_v if_o that_o which_o compress_v or_o extend_v they_o be_v take_v away_o they_o restore_v themselves_o to_o their_o former_a place_n or_o situation_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o that_o endeavour_v or_o motion_n of_o their_o internal_a part_n by_o which_o they_o be_v able_a to_o recover_v their_o former_a place_n or_o situation_n be_v not_o extinguish_v when_o the_o force_n by_o which_o they_o be_v compress_v or_o extend_v be_v take_v away_o therefore_o when_o the_o lath_n of_o a_o cross-bow_n bend_v do_v as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v at_o liberty_n restore_v itself_o though_o to_o he_o that_o judge_n by_o sense_n both_o it_o and_o all_o its_o part_n seem_v to_o be_v at_o rest_n yet_o he_o that_o judge_v by_o reason_n do_v not_o account_v the_o take_v away_o of_o impediment_n for_o a_o efficient_a cause_n nor_o conceive_v that_o without_o a_o efficient_a cause_n any_o thing_n can_v pass_v from_o rest_n to_o motion_n will_v conclude_v that_o the_o part_n be_v already_o in_o motion_n before_o they_o begin_v to_o restore_v themselves_o 19_o action_n and_o reaction_n proceed_v in_o the_o same_o line_n but_o from_o opposite_a term_n for_o see_v reaction_n be_v nothing_o but_o endeavour_n in_o the_o patient_n to_o restore_v itself_o to_o that_o situation_n from_o which_o it_o be_v force_v by_o the_o agent_n the_o endeavour_n or_o motion_n both_o of_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n or_o reagent_n will_v be_v propagate_v between_o the_o same_o term_n yet_o so_o as_o that_o in_o action_n the_o term_n from_o which_o be_v in_o reaction_n the_o term_n to_o which_o and_o see_v all_o action_n proceed_v in_o this_o manner_n not_o only_o between_o the_o opposite_a term_n of_o the_o whole_a line_n in_o which_o it_o be_v propagate_v but_o also_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o that_o line_n the_o term_n from_o which_o and_o to_o which_o both_o of_o the_o action_n and_o reaction_n will_v be_v in_o the_o same_o line_n wherefore_o action_n and_o reaction_n proceed_v in_o the_o same_o line_n etc._n etc._n 20_o to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o motion_n i_o will_v add_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v concern_v habit._n habit_n therefore_o be_v a_o generation_n of_o motion_n not_o of_o motion_n simple_o but_o a_o easy_a conduct_v of_o the_o move_v body_n in_o a_o certain_a and_o design_a way_n and_o see_v it_o be_v attain_v by_o the_o weaken_n of_o such_o endeavour_n as_o divert_v its_o motion_n therefore_o such_o endeavour_n be_v to_o be_v
that_o which_o the_o line_n of_o incidence_n make_v with_o that_o line_n which_o from_o the_o point_n of_o refraction_n be_v draw_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o separate_a superficies_n 8_o the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n be_v the_o compliment_n to_o a_o right_a angle_n of_o the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n and_o so_o in_o the_o first_o figure_n the_o refraction_n be_v make_v in_o a_o b_o f._n the_o refracted_a line_n be_v b_o f._n the_o line_n of_o incidence_n be_v a_o b._n the_o point_n of_o incidence_n and_o of_o refraction_n be_v b._n the_o refract_n or_o separate_a superficies_n be_v d_o b_o e._n the_o line_n of_o incidence_n produce_v direct_o be_v a_o b_o c_o the_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o separate_a superficies_n be_v b_o h._n the_o angle_n of_o refraction_n be_v c_o b_o f._n the_o angle_n refract_v be_v h_n b_o f._n the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n be_v a_o b_o g_z or_o h_o b_o c._n the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n be_v a_o b_o d._n 9_o moreover_o the_o thin_a medium_fw-la be_v understand_v to_o be_v that_o in_o which_o there_o be_v less_o resistance_n to_o motion_n or_o to_o the_o generation_n of_o motion_n &_o the_o thick_a that_o wherein_o there_o be_v great_a resistance_n 10_o and_o that_o medium_fw-la in_o which_o there_o be_v equal_a resistance_n every_o where_o be_v a_o homogeneous_a medium_fw-la all_o other_o medium_n be_v heterogeneous_a 2_o if_o a_o body_n pass_v or_o there_o be_v generation_n of_o motion_n from_o one_o medium_fw-la to_o another_o of_o different_a density_n in_o a_o line_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o separate_a superficies_n there_o will_v be_v no_o refraction_n for_o see_v on_o every_o side_n of_o the_o perdendicular_a all_o thing_n in_o the_o medium_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v like_a and_o equal_a if_o the_o motion_n itself_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v perpendicular_a the_o inclination_n also_o will_v be_v equal_a or_o rather_o none_o at_o all_o and_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n from_o which_o refraction_n may_v be_v infer_v to_o be_v on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o perpendicular_a which_o will_v not_o conclude_v the_o same_o refraction_n to_o be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n which_o be_v so_o refraction_n on_o one_o side_n will_v destroy_v refraction_n on_o the_o other_o side_n and_o consequent_o either_o the_o refracted_a line_n will_v be_v every_o where_o which_o be_v absurd_a or_o there_o will_v be_v no_o refracted_a line_n at_o all_o which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v corol._n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o hence_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o refraction_n consist_v only_o in_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o line_n of_o incidence_n whether_o the_o incident_a body_n penetrate_v both_o the_o medium_n or_o without_o penetrate_v propagate_v motion_n by_o pressure_n only_o 3_o if_o a_o body_n without_o any_o change_n of_o situation_n of_o its_o internal_a part_n as_o a_o stone_n be_v move_v oblique_o out_o of_o the_o thin_a medium_fw-la and_o proceed_v penetrate_v the_o thick_a medium_fw-la and_o the_o thick_a medium_fw-la be_v such_o as_o that_o its_o internal_a part_n be_v move_v restore_v themselves_o to_o their_o former_a situation_n the_o angle_n refract_v will_v be_v great_a than_o the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n for_o let_v d_o b_o e_o in_o the_o same_o first_o figure_n be_v the_o separate_a superficies_n of_o two_o medium_n and_o let_v a_o body_n as_o a_o stone_n throw_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v move_v as_o be_v suppose_v in_o the_o straight_a line_n a_o b_o c_o and_o let_v a_o b_o be_v in_o the_o thin_a medium_fw-la as_o in_o the_o air_n and_o b_o c_o in_o the_o thick_a as_o in_o the_o water_n i_o say_v the_o stone_n w_z ch_z be_v throw_v be_v move_v in_o the_o line_n a_o b_o will_n not_o proceed_v in_o the_o line_n b_o c_o but_o in_o some_o other_o line_n namely_o that_o with_o which_o the_o perpendicular_a b_o h_n make_v the_o refracted_a angle_n h_o b_o f_o great_a than_o the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n h_n b_o c._n for_o see_v the_o stone_n come_v from_o a_o and_o fall_v upon_o b_o makes_z that_o which_o be_v at_o b_o proceed_v towards_o h_n and_o that_o the_o like_a be_v do_v in_o all_o the_o straight_a line_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o b_o h_n and_o see_v the_o part_n move_v restore_v themselves_o by_o contrary_a motion_n in_o the_o same_o line_n there_o will_v be_v contrary_a motion_n generate_v in_o h_n b_o and_o in_o all_o the_o straight_a line_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o it_o wherefore_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o stone_n will_v be_v make_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o motion_n in_o a_o g_o that_o be_v in_o d_o b_o and_o in_o g_z b_o that_o be_v in_o b_o h_n and_o last_o in_o h_n b_o that_o be_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o three_o motion_n but_o by_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o motion_n in_o a_o g_o and_o b_o h_n the_o stone_n will_v be_v carry_v to_o c_o and_o therefore_o by_o add_v the_o motion_n in_o h_n b_o it_o will_v be_v carry_v high_a in_o some_o other_o line_n as_o in_o b_o f_o and_o make_v the_o angle_n h_o b_o f_o great_a than_o the_o angle_n h_o b_o c._n and_o from_o hence_o may_v be_v derive_v the_o cause_n why_o body_n which_o be_v throw_v in_o a_o very_a oblique_a line_n if_o either_o they_o be_v any_o thing_n flat_a or_o be_v throw_v with_o great_a force_n will_v when_o they_o fall_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v cast_v up_o again_o from_o the_o water_n into_o the_o air_n for_o let_v a_o b_o in_o the_o 2d_o figure_n be_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n into_o which_o from_o the_o point_n c_o let_v a_o stone_n be_v throw_v in_o the_o straight_a line_n c_o a_o make_v with_o the_o line_n b_o a_o produce_v a_o very_a little_a angle_n c_o a_o d_o and_o produce_v b_o a_o indefinite_o to_o d_o let_v c_o d_o be_v draw_v perpendicular_a to_o it_o and_o a_o e_z parallel_n to_o c_o d._n the_o stone_n therefore_o will_v be_v move_v in_o c_o a_o by_o the_o concourse_n of_o two_o motion_n in_o c_o d_o and_o d_o a_o who_o velocity_n be_v as_o the_o line_n themselves_o c_o d_o and_o d_o a._n and_o from_o the_o motion_n in_o c_o d_o and_o all_o its_o parallel_n downward_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o stone_n fall_v upon_o a_o there_o will_v be_v reaction_n upward_o because_o the_o water_n restore_v itself_o to_o its_o former_a situation_n if_o now_o the_o stone_n be_v throw_v with_o sufficient_a obliquity_n that_o be_v if_o the_o straight_a line_n c_o d_o be_v short_a enough_o that_o be_v if_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o stone_n downward_o be_v less_o than_o the_o reaction_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o that_o be_v less_o than_o the_o endeavour_v it_o have_v from_o its_o own_o gravity_n for_o that_o may_v be_v the_o stone_n will_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o endeavour_n which_o the_o water_n have_v to_o restore_v itself_o above_o that_o which_o the_o stone_n have_v downward_o be_v raise_v again_o above_o the_o superficies_n a_o b_o and_o be_v carry_v high_a be_v reflect_v in_o a_o line_n which_o go_v high_o as_o the_o line_n a_o g._n 4_o if_o from_o a_o point_n whatsoever_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v endeavour_v be_v propagate_v every_o way_n into_o all_o the_o part_n of_o that_o medium_fw-la and_o to_o the_o same_o endeavour_n there_o be_v oblique_o oppose_v another_o medium_fw-la of_o a_o different_a nature_n that_o be_v either_o thin_a or_o thick_a that_o endeavour_n will_v be_v so_o refract_v that_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n refract_v to_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n will_v be_v as_o the_o density_n of_o the_o first_o medium_fw-la to_o the_o density_n of_o the_o second_o medium_fw-la reciprocal_o take_v first_o let_v a_o body_n be_v in_o the_o thin_a medium_fw-la in_o a_o figure_n 3d._n and_o let_v it_o be_v understand_v to_o have_v endeavour_v every_o way_n and_o consequent_o that_o its_o endeavour_n proceed_v in_o the_o line_n a_o b_o and_o a_o b_o to_o which_o let_v b_o b_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o thick_a medium_fw-la be_v oblique_o oppose_v in_o b_o and_o b_o so_o that_o a_o b_o and_o a_o b_o be_v equal_a and_o let_v the_o straight_a line_n b_o b_o be_v produce_v both_o way_n from_o the_o point_n b_o and_o b_o let_v the_o perpendicular_n b_o c_o and_o b_o c_o be_v draw_v and_o upon_o the_o centre_n b_o and_o b_o and_o at_o the_o equal_a distance_n b_o a_n and_o b_o a_o let_v the_o circle_n a_o c_o and_o a_o c_o be_v describe_v cut_v b_o c_o and_o b_o c_o in_o c_o and_o c_o and_o the_o same_o c_o b_o and_o c_o b_o produce_v in_o d_o and_o d_o as_o also_o a_o b_o and_o a_o b_o produce_v in_o e_z and_o e._n then_o from_o the_o point_n a_o to_o the_o straight_a line_n b_o c_o and_o b_o c_o let_v the_o perpendicular_o
at_o several_a time_n be_v by_o vehemence_n make_v strong_a and_o more_o predominant_a than_o the_o rest_n which_o deprive_v we_o of_o the_o sense_n of_o other_o phantasm_n no_o otherwise_o then_o the_o sun_n deprive_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o star_n of_o light_n not_o by_o hinder_v their_o action_n but_o by_o obscure_v and_o hide_v they_o with_o his_o excess_n of_o brightness_n 7._o but_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o organ_n by_o which_o a_o phantasm_n be_v make_v be_v not_o common_o call_v sense_n except_o the_o object_n be_v present_a and_o the_o phantasm_n remain_v after_o the_o object_n be_v remove_v or_o pass_v by_o be_v call_v fancy_n and_o in_o latin_a imaginatio_fw-la which_o word_n because_o all_o phantasm_n be_v not_o image_n do_v not_o full_o answer_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n fancy_n in_o its_o general_a acceptation_n nevertheless_o i_o may_v use_v it_o safe_o enough_o by_o understand_v it_o for_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d imagination_n therefore_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o sense_n decay_v or_o weaken_v by_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o object_n but_o what_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o decay_n or_o weaken_n be_v the_o motion_n the_o weak_a because_o the_o object_n be_v take_v away_o if_o it_o be_v than_o phantasm_n will_v always_o and_o necessary_o be_v less_o clear_a in_o the_o imagination_n than_o they_o be_v in_o sense_n which_o be_v not_o true_a for_o in_o dream_n which_o be_v the_o imagination_n of_o those_o that_o sleep_n they_o be_v no_o less_o clear_a than_o in_o sense_n itself_o but_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o man_n wake_v the_o phantasm_n of_o thing_n past_a be_v more_o obscure_a than_o those_o of_o thing_n present_a be_v this_o that_o their_o organ_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n move_v by_o other_o present_a object_n those_o phantasm_n be_v the_o less_o predominant_a whereas_o in_o sleep_n the_o passage_n be_v shut_v up_o external_a action_n do_v not_o at_o all_o disturb_v or_o hinder_v internal_a motion_n if_o this_o be_v true_a the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v will_v be_v whether_o any_o cause_n may_v be_v find_v out_o from_o the_o supposition_n whereof_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o passage_n be_v shut_v up_o from_o the_o external_a object_n of_o sense_n to_o the_o internal_a organ_n i_o suppose_v therefore_o that_o by_o the_o continual_a action_n of_o object_n to_o which_o a_o reaction_n of_o the_o organ_n and_o more_o esqecial_o of_o the_o spirit_n be_v necessary_o consequent_a the_o organ_n be_v weary_v that_o be_v its_o part_n be_v no_o long_o move_v by_o the_o spirit_n without_o some_o pain_n and_o consequent_o the_o nerve_n be_v abandon_v and_o grow_v slack_a they_o retire_v to_o their_o fountain_n which_o be_v the_o cavity_n either_o of_o the_o brain_n or_o of_o the_o heart_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o action_n which_o proceed_v by_o the_o nerve_n be_v necessary_o intercept_v for_o action_n upon_o a_o patient_n that_o retire_v from_o it_o make_v but_o little_a impression_n at_o the_o first_o and_o at_o last_o when_o the_o nerve_n be_v by_o little_a and_o little_o slacken_v none_o at_o all_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o more_o reaction_n that_o be_v no_o more_o sense_n till_o the_o organ_n be_v refresh_v by_o rest_n and_o by_o a_o supply_n of_o new_a spirit_n recover_v strength_n and_o motion_n the_o sentient_n awake_v and_o thus_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v always_o unless_o some_o other_o preternatural_a cause_n intervene_v as_o heat_n in_o the_o internal_a part_n from_o lassitude_n or_o from_o some_o disease_n stir_v the_o spirit_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o organ_n in_o some_o extraordinary_a manner_n 8_o now_o it_o be_v not_o without_o cause_n nor_o so_o casual_a a_o thing_n as_o many_o perhaps_o think_v it_o that_o phantasm_n in_o this_o their_o great_a variety_n proceed_v from_o one_o another_o and_o that_o the_o same_o phantasm_n sometime_o bring_v into_o the_o mind_n other_o phantasm_n like_o themselves_o and_o at_o other_o time_n extreme_o unlike_a for_o in_o the_o motion_n of_o any_o continue_a body_n one_o part_n follow_v another_o by_o cohaesion_n and_o therefore_o whilst_o we_o turn_v our_o eye_n and_o other_o organ_n successive_o to_o many_o object_n the_o motion_n which_o be_v make_v by_o every_o one_o of_o they_o remain_v the_o phantasm_n be_v renew_v as_o often_o as_o any_o of_o those_o motion_n come_v to_o be_v predominant_a above_o the_o rest_n and_o they_o become_v predominant_a in_o the_o same_o order_n in_o which_o at_o any_o time_n former_o they_o be_v generate_v by_o sense_n so_o that_o when_o by_o length_n of_o time_n very_o many_o phantasm_n have_v be_v generate_v within_o we_o by_o sense_n than_o almost_o any_o thought_n may_v arise_v from_o any_o other_o thought_n in_o so_o much_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v a_o thing_n indifferent_a and_o casual_a which_o thought_n shall_v follow_v which_o but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n this_o be_v not_o so_o uncertain_a a_o thing_n to_o wake_v as_o to_o sleep_a man_n for_o the_o thought_n or_o phantasm_n of_o the_o desire_a end_n bring_v in_o all_o the_o phantasm_n that_o be_v mean_n conduce_v to_o that_o end_n and_o that_o in_o order_n backwards_o from_o the_o last_o to_o the_o first_o and_o again_o forward_o from_o the_o beginning_n to_o the_o end_n but_o this_o suppose_v both_o appetite_n and_o judgement_n to_o discern_v what_o mean_v conduce_v to_o the_o end_n which_o be_v get_v by_o experience_n and_o experience_n be_v store_n of_o phantasm_n arise_v from_o the_o sense_n of_o very_a many_o thing_n for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o meminisse_fw-la fancy_n and_o memory_n differ_v only_o in_o this_o that_o memory_n suppose_v the_o time_n past_a which_o fancy_n do_v not_o in_o memory_n the_o phantasm_n we_o consider_v be_v as_o if_o they_o be_v wear_v out_o with_o time_n but_o in_o our_o fancy_n we_o consider_v they_o as_o they_o be_v which_o distinction_n be_v not_o of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o but_o of_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o sentient_a for_o there_o be_v in_o memory_n something_o like_o that_o which_o happen_v in_o look_v upon_o thing_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n in_o which_o as_o the_o small_a part_n of_o the_o object_n be_v not_o discern_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o remoteness_n so_o in_o memory_n many_o accident_n and_o place_n and_o part_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v former_o perceive_v by_o sense_n be_v by_o length_n of_o time_n decay_v and_o lose_v the_o perpetual_a arise_v of_o phantasm_n both_o in_o sense_n and_o imagination_n be_v that_o which_o we_o common_o call_v discourse_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o be_v common_a to_o man_n with_o other_o live_a creature_n for_o he_o thta_fw-la think_v compare_v the_o phantasm_n that_o pass_v that_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o their_o likeness_n or_o unlikeness_n to_o one_o another_o and_o as_o he_o that_o observe_v ready_o the_o likeness_n of_o thing_n of_o different_a nature_n or_o that_o be_v very_o remote_a from_o one_o another_o be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o good_a fancy_n so_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o good_a judgement_n that_o find_v out_o the_o unlikeness_n or_o difference_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v like_o one_o another_o now_o this_o observation_n of_o difference_n be_v not_o perception_n make_v by_o a_o common_a organ_n of_o sense_n distinct_a from_o sense_n or_o perception_n proper_o so_o call_v but_o be_v memory_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o particular_a phantasm_n remain_v for_o some_o time_n as_o the_o distinction_n between_o hot_a and_o lucid_a be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o memory_n both_o of_o a_o heat_n and_o of_o a_o enlighten_v object_n 9_o the_o phantasm_n of_o man_n that_o sleep_v be_v dream_n concern_v which_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o experience_n these_o five_o thing_n first_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n there_o be_v neither_o order_n nor_o coherence_n in_o they_o second_o that_o we_o dream_v of_o nothing_o but_o what_o be_v compound_v and_o make_v up_o of_o the_o phantasm_n of_o sense_n past_a three_o that_o sometime_o they_o proceed_v as_o in_o those_o that_o be_v drowsy_a from_o the_o interruption_n of_o their_o phantasm_n by_o little_a and_o little_o break_v and_o alter_v through_o sleepiness_n and_o sometime_o also_o they_o begin_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o sleep_n four_o that_o they_o be_v clear_a than_o the_o imagination_n of_o wake_a man_n except_o such_o as_o be_v make_v by_o sense_n itself_o to_o which_o they_o be_v equal_a in_o clearness_n five_o that_o when_o we_o dream_v we_o admire_v neither_o the_o place_n nor_o the_o look_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o appear_v to_o we_o now_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o show_v what_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o phaenomena_n for_o as_o for_o the_o first_o see_v all_o order_n and_o coherence_n proceed_v from_o frequent_a
sometime_o aversion_n to_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o they_o think_v it_o will_v either_o be_v for_o their_o good_a or_o their_o hurt_n while_o that_o vicissitude_n of_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n remain_v in_o they_o they_o have_v that_o series_n of_o thought_n which_o be_v call_v deliberation_n which_o last_v as_o long_o as_o they_o have_v it_o in_o their_o power_n to_o obtain_v that_o which_o please_v or_o to_o avoid_v that_o which_o displease_v they_o appetite_n therefore_o and_o aversion_n be_v simple_o so_o call_v as_o long_o as_o they_o follow_v not_o deliberation_n but_o if_o deliberation_n have_v go_v before_o than_o the_o last_o act_n of_o it_o if_o it_o be_v appetite_n be_v call_v will_n if_o aversion_n unwillingness_n so_o that_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v call_v both_o will_n and_o appetite_n but_o the_o consideration_n of_o they_o namely_o before_o and_o after_o deliberation_n be_v divers_a nor_o be_v that_o which_o be_v do_v within_o a_o man_n while_o he_o will_v any_o thing_n different_a from_o that_o which_o be_v do_v in_o other_o live_a creature_n while_o deliberation_n have_v precede_v they_o have_v appetite_n neither_o be_v the_o freedom_n of_o willing_a or_o not_o will_v great_a in_o man_n then_o in_o other_o live_a creature_n for_o where_o there_o be_v appetite_n the_o entire_a cause_n of_o appetite_n have_v precede_v and_o consequent_o the_o act_n of_o appetite_n can_v not_o choose_v but_o follow_v that_o be_v have_v of_o necessity_n follow_v as_o be_v show_v chapt._n 9th_o article_n 5._o and_o therefore_o such_o a_o liberty_n as_o be_v free_a from_o necessity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o will_v either_o of_o man_n or_o beast_n but_o if_o by_o liberty_n we_o understand_v the_o faculty_n or_o power_n not_o of_o willing_a but_o of_o do_v what_o they_o will_v then_o certain_o that_o liberty_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v to_o both_o and_o both_o may_v equal_o have_v it_o whensover_v it_o be_v to_o be_v have_v again_o when_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n do_v with_o celerity_n succeed_v one_o another_o the_o whole_a series_n make_v by_o they_o have_v its_o name_n sometime_o from_o one_o sometime_o from_o the_o other_o for_o the_o same_o deliberation_n while_o it_o incline_v sometime_o to_o one_o sometime_o to_o the_o other_o be_v from_o appetite_n call_v hope_n and_o from_o aversion_n fear_v for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o hope_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v call_v fear_n but_o hate_v and_o where_o no_o fear_n not_o hope_n but_o desire_v to_o conclude_v all_o the_o passion_n call_v passion_n of_o the_o mind_n consist_v of_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n except_o pure_a pleasure_n and_o pain_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a fruition_n of_o good_a or_o evil_a as_o anger_n be_v aversion_n from_o some_o imminent_a evil_n but_o such_o as_o be_v join_v with_o appetite_n of_o avoid_v that_o evil_a by_o force_n but_o because_o the_o passion_n and_o perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v innumerable_a and_o many_o of_o they_o not_o to_o be_v discern_v in_o any_o creature_n beside_o man_n i_o will_v speak_v of_o they_o more_o at_o large_a in_o that_o section_n which_o be_v concern_v man._n as_o for_o those_o object_n if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o which_o do_v not_o at_o all_o stir_v the_o mind_n we_o be_v say_v to_o contemn_v they_o and_o thus_o much_o of_o sense_n in_o general_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v speak_v of_o sensible_a object_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o the_o star_n 1_o the_o magnitude_n and_o duration_n of_o the_o world_n inscrutable_a 2_o no_o place_n in_o the_o world_n empty_a 3_o the_o argument_n of_o lucretius_n for_o vacuum_n invalid_a 4_o other_o argument_n for_o the_o establish_n of_o vacuum_n invalid_a 5_o six_o supposition_n for_o the_o salve_v of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n 6_o possible_a cause_n of_o the_o motion_n annual_a and_o diurnal_a and_o of_o the_o apparent_a direction_n station_n and_o retrogradation_n of_o the_o planet_n 7_o the_o supposition_n of_o simple_a motion_n why_o likely_a 8_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o annual_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n 9_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o moon_n have_v always_o one_o and_o the_o same_o face_n turn_v towards_o the_o earth_n 10_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o tide_n of_o the_o ocean_n 11_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o praecession_n of_o the_o equinox_n 1_o consequent_a to_o the_o contemplation_n of_o sense_n be_v the_o contemplation_n of_o body_n which_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n or_o object_n of_o sense_n now_o every_o object_n be_v either_o a_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n or_o a_o aggregate_v of_o part_n the_o great_a of_o all_o body_n or_o sensible_a object_n be_v the_o world_n itself_o which_o we_o behold_v when_o we_o look_v round_o about_o we_o from_o this_o point_n of_o the_o same_o which_o we_o call_v the_o earth_n concern_v the_o world_n as_o it_o be_v one_o aggregate_v of_o many_o part_n the_o thing_n that_o fall_v under_o inquiry_n be_v but_o few_o and_o those_o we_o can_v determine_v none_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n we_o may_v inquire_v what_o be_v its_o magnitude_n what_o its_o duration_n and_o how_o many_o there_o be_v but_o nothing_o else_o for_o as_o for_o place_n and_o time_n that_o be_v to_o say_v magnitude_n and_o duration_n they_o be_v only_o our_o own_o fancy_n of_o a_o body_n simple_o so_o call_v that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o a_o body_n indefinite_o take_v as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o in_o the_o 7_o chapter_n all_o other_o phantasm_n be_v of_o body_n or_o object_n as_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o one_o another_o as_o colour_n the_o phantasm_n of_o colour_a body_n sound_v of_o body_n that_o move_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v etc._n etc._n the_o question_n concern_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o world_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v finite_a or_o infinite_a full_a or_o not_o full_a concern_v its_o duration_n whether_o it_o have_v a_o beginning_n or_o be_v eternal_a and_o concern_v the_o number_n whether_o there_o be_v one_o or_o many_o though_o as_o concern_v the_o number_n if_o it_o be_v of_o infinite_a magnitude_n there_o can_v be_v no_o controversy_n at_o all_o also_o if_o it_o have_v a_o beginning_n then_o by_o what_o cause_n and_o of_o what_o matter_n it_o be_v make_v and_o again_o from_o whence_o that_o cause_n and_o that_o matter_n have_v their_o be_v will_v be_v new_a question_n till_o at_o last_o we_o come_v to_o one_o or_o many_o eternal_a cause_n or_o cause_n and_o the_o determination_n of_o all_o these_o thing_n belong_v to_o he_o that_o profess_v the_o universal_a doctrine_n of_o philosophy_n in_o case_n as_o much_o can_v be_v know_v as_o can_v be_v seek_v but_o the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o be_v infinite_a can_v never_o be_v attain_v by_o a_o finite_a inquirer_n whatsoever_o we_o know_v that_o be_v man_n we_o learn_v it_o from_o our_o phantasm_n and_o of_o infinite_a whether_o magnitude_n or_o time_n there_o be_v no_o phantasm_n at_o all_o so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a either_o for_o a_o man_n or_o any_o other_o creature_n to_o have_v any_o conception_n of_o infinite_a and_o though_o a_o man_n may_v from_o some_o effect_n proceed_v to_o the_o immediate_a cause_n thereof_o &_o from_o that_o to_o a_o more_o remote_a cause_n and_o so_o ascend_v continual_o by_o right_a ratiocination_n from_o cause_n to_o cause_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o proceed_v eternal_o but_o weary_v will_v at_o last_o give_v over_o without_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o he_o to_o proceed_v to_o a_o end_n or_o not_o but_o whether_o we_o suppose_v the_o world_n to_o be_v finite_a or_o infinite_a no_o absurdity_n will_v follow_v for_o the_o same_o thing_n which_o now_o appear_v may_v appear_v whether_o the_o creator_n have_v please_v it_o shall_v be_v finite_a or_o infinite_a beside_o though_o from_o this_o that_o nothing_o can_v move_v itself_o it_o may_v right_o be_v infer_v that_o there_o be_v some_o first_o eternal_a movent_fw-la yet_o it_o can_v never_o be_v infer_v though_o some_o use_n to_o make_v such_o inference_n that_o that_o movent_fw-la be_v eternal_o immovable_a but_o rather_o eternal_o move_v for_o as_o it_o be_v true_a that_o nothing_o be_v move_v by_o itself_o so_o it_o be_v true_a also_o that_o nothing_o be_v move_v but_o by_o that_o which_o be_v already_o move_v the_o question_n therefore_o about_o the_o magnitude_n and_o beginning_n of_o the_o world_n be_v not_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o philosopher_n but_o by_o those_o that_o be_v lawful_o authorise_v to_o order_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n for_o as_o almighty_a god_n when_o he_o have_v bring_v his_o people_n into_o judaea_n allow_v the_o priest_n the_o first_o fruit_n reserve_v to_o himself_o so_o when_o he_o have_v deliver_v up_o the_o world_n to_o the_o disputation_n of_o man_n it_o be_v his_o pleasure_n that_o
to_o itself_o so_o that_o in_o what_o part_n soever_o of_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o centre_n of_o the_o epicycle_n be_v find_v and_o in_o what_o part_n soever_o of_o the_o epicycle_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o same_o axis_n will_v have_v be_v if_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v never_o go_v out_o of_o the_o ecliptic_a now_o as_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v the_o simple_a annual_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o supposition_n of_o simple_a motion_n in_o the_o sun_n so_o from_o the_o supposition_n of_o simple_a motion_n in_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v the_o monthly_a simple_a motion_n of_o the_o moon_n for_o if_o the_o name_n be_v but_o change_v the_o demonstration_n will_v be_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o need_v not_o be_v repeat_v 7_o that_o which_o make_v this_o supposition_n of_o the_o sun_n simple_a motion_n in_o the_o epicycle_n fghi_fw-mi probable_a be_v first_o that_o the_o period_n of_o all_o the_o planet_n be_v not_o only_o describe_v about_o the_o sun_n but_o so_o describe_v as_o that_o they_o be_v all_o contain_v within_o the_o zodiac_n that_o be_v to_o say_v within_o the_o latitude_n of_o about_o 16_o degree_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o seem_v to_o depend_v upon_o some_o power_n in_o the_o sun_n especial_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o respect_v the_o zodiac_n second_o that_o in_o the_o whole_a coâ—passe_n of_o the_o heaven_n there_o appear_v no_o other_o body_n from_o which_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n can_v in_o probability_n be_v derive_v beside_o i_o can_v not_o imagine_v that_o so_o many_o and_o such_o various_a motion_n of_o the_o planet_n shall_v have_v no_o dependence_n at_o all_o upon_o one_o another_o but_o by_o suppose_v motive_n power_n in_o the_o sun_n we_o suppose_v motion_n also_o for_o power_n to_o move_v without_o motion_n be_v no_o power_n at_o all_o i_o have_v therefore_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o govern_n of_o the_o primary_n planet_n and_o in_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o govern_n of_o the_o moon_n such_o motion_n as_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o primary_n planet_n and_o by_o the_o moon_n make_v they_o necessary_o appear_v to_o we_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o we_o see_v they_o whereas_o that_o circular_a motion_n which_o be_v common_o attribute_v to_o they_o about_o a_o fix_a axis_n which_o be_v call_v conversion_n be_v a_o motion_n of_o their_o part_n only_o and_o not_o of_o their_o whole_a body_n be_v insufficient_a to_o salve_v their_o appearance_n for_o see_v whatsoever_o be_v so_o move_v have_v no_o endeavour_n at_o all_o towards_o those_o part_n which_o be_v without_o the_o circle_n they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o propagate_v any_o endeavour_n to_o such_o body_n as_o be_v place_v without_o it_o and_o as_o for_o they_o that_o suppose_v this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o magnetical_a virtue_n or_o by_o incorporeal_a and_o immaterial_a species_n they_o suppose_v no_o natural_a cause_n nay_o no_o cause_n at_o all_o for_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o incorporeal_a movent_fw-la and_o magnetical_a virtue_n be_v a_o thing_n altogether_o unknown_a and_o whensoever_o it_o shall_v be_v know_v it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o motion_n of_o body_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o if_o the_o primary_n planet_n be_v carry_v about_o by_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n by_o the_o earth_n they_o have_v the_o simple_a circular_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o circulation_n otherwise_o if_o they_o be_v not_o carry_v about_o by_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o earth_n but_o that_o every_o planet_n have_v be_v move_v as_o it_o be_v now_o move_v ever_o since_o it_o be_v make_v there_o will_v be_v of_o their_o motion_n no_o cause_n natural_a for_o either_o these_o motion_n be_v concreated_a with_o their_o body_n and_o their_o cause_n be_v supernatural_a or_o they_o be_v coeternal_a with_o they_o and_o so_o they_o have_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o for_o whatsoever_o be_v eternal_a be_v never_o generate_v i_o may_v add_v beside_o to_o confirm_v the_o probability_n of_o this_o simple_a motion_n that_o almost_o all_o learned_a man_n be_v now_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o copernicus_n concern_v the_o parallelisme_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n or_o at_o least_o more_o handsome_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v cause_v by_o simple_a circular_a motion_n alone_o than_o by_o two_o motion_n one_o in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o the_o other_o about_o the_o earth_n own_o axis_n the_o contrary_a way_n neither_o of_o they_o simple_a nor_o either_o of_o they_o such_o as_o may_v be_v produce_v by_o any_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n i_o think_v best_a therefore_o to_o retain_v this_o hypothesis_n of_o simple_a motion_n and_o from_o it_o to_o derive_v the_o cause_n of_o as_o many_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n as_o i_o can_v and_o to_o let_v such_o alone_a as_o i_o can_v not_o deduce_v frm_n thence_o it_o will_v perhaps_o be_v object_v that_o although_o by_o this_o supposition_n the_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v of_o the_o parallelisme_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o of_o many_o other_o appearance_n nevertheless_o see_v it_o be_v do_v by_o place_v the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o that_o orb_n which_o the_o earth_n describe_v with_o its_o annual_a motion_n the_o supposition_n itself_o be_v false_a because_o this_o annual_a orb_n be_v excentrique_fw-la to_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o let_v we_o examine_v what_o that_o excentricity_n be_v and_o whence_o it_o proceed_v 8_o let_v the_o annual_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n abcd_v in_o the_o same_o 3d_o figure_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o equal_a part_n by_o the_o straight_a line_n ac_fw-la &_o bd_v cut_v one_o another_o in_o the_o centre_n e_o and_o let_v a_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o libra_n b_o of_o capricorn_n c_o of_o aries_n and_o d_o of_o cancer_n and_o let_v the_o whole_a orb_n abcd_v be_v understand_v according_a to_o copernicus_n to_o have_v every_o way_n so_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o zodiac_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n that_o it_o be_v in_o comparison_n with_o it_o but_o as_o a_o point_n let_v the_o earth_n be_v now_o suppose_v to_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o libra_n at_o a._n the_o sun_n therefore_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o aries_n at_o c._n wherefore_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v from_o a_o to_o b_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v be_v from_o c_o to_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n in_o d_o and_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v forward_o from_o b_o to_z c_o the_o sun_n also_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v move_v forward_o to_o the_o begin_n of_o libra_n in_o a_o wherefore_o cda_n will_v be_v the_o summer_n arch_n and_o the_o winter_n arch_n will_v be_v abc_n now_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o sun_n apparent_a motion_n in_o the_o summer_n arch_n there_o be_v number_v 186¾_n day_n and_o consequent_o the_o earth_n make_v in_o the_o same_o time_n the_o same_o number_n of_o diurnal_a conversion_n in_o the_o arch_a abc_n and_o therefore_o the_o earth_n in_o its_o motion_n through_o the_o arch_n cda_fw-mi will_v make_v only_a 178½_n diurnal_a conversion_n wherefore_o the_o arch_a a_o b_o c_o aught_o to_o be_v great_a than_o the_o arch_n c_o d_o a_o by_o 8¼_n day_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o almost_o so_o many_o degree_n let_v the_o arch_a a_o r_o as_o also_o c_o s_o be_v each_o of_o they_o a_o arch_n of_o two_o degree_n and_o 1_o 16._o wherefore_o the_o arch_n r_o b_o s_o will_v be_v great_a than_o the_o semicircle_n a_o b_o c_o by_o 4_o degree_n and_o â…›_n and_o great_a than_o the_o arch_n s_o d_o r_o by_o 8_o degree_n and_o ¼_n the_o equinox_n therefore_o will_v be_v in_o the_o point_n r_o &_o s_o and_o therefore_o also_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o r_o the_o sun_n will_v appear_v in_o s._n wherefore_o the_o true_a place_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v be_v in_o it_o that_o be_v to_o say_v without_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n annual_a motion_n by_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o arch_a a_o r_o or_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o two_o degree_n and_o 16_o minute_n now_o this_o sine_fw-la put_v 100000_o for_o the_o radius_fw-la will_v be_v near_o 3580_o part_n thereof_o and_o so_o munh_o be_v the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n annual_a motion_n provide_v that_o that_o motion_n be_v in_o a_o perfect_a circle_n and_o s_z &_o r_o be_v the_o equinoctial_a point_n and_o the_o straight_a line_n his_o r_o &_o c_o asleep_o produce_v both_o way_n till_o they_o
which_o be_v do_v the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v cf._n see_v therefore_o the_o annual_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o ellipsis_n of_o which_o ♑_o ♋_o be_v the_o great_a axis_n ab_fw-la can_v be_v the_o lesser_a axis_n for_o ab_fw-la and_o ♑_o ♋_o be_v equal_a wherefore_o the_o earth_n pass_v through_o a_o &_o b_o will_v either_o pass_v above_o ♑_o as_o through_o g_o or_o pass_v through_o ♑_o will_n fall_n between_o c_o and_o a_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n which_o let_v it_o pass_v therefore_o through_o g_o and_o let_v gl_o be_v take_v equal_a to_o the_o straight_a line_n ♑_o ♋_o and_o divide_v gl_o equal_o in_o i_o gi_z will_v be_v equal_a to_o ♑_o ♋_o &_o ill_a equal_a to_o f_o ♋_o and_o consequent_o the_o point_n i_o will_v cut_v the_o excentricity_n cf_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n and_o take_v ih_v equal_a to_o if_o hi_o will_v be_v the_o whole_a excentricity_n if_o now_o a_o straight_a line_n namely_o the_o line_n ♎_o i_o ♈_o be_v draw_v through_o i_o parallel_n to_o the_o straight_a line_n ab_fw-la and_o ed_z the_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o summer_n namely_o the_o arch_n ♎_o g_o ♈_o will_v be_v great_a than_o his_o way_n in_o winter_n by_o 8_o degree_n and_o ¼_n wherefore_o the_o true_a aequinox_n will_v be_v in_o the_o straight_a line_n ♎_o i_o ♈_o and_o therefore_o the_o ellipsis_n of_o the_o earth_n annual_a motion_n will_v not_o pass_v through_o a_o g_o b_o &_o l_o but_o through_o ♎_o g_o ♈_o &_o l._n wherefore_o the_o annual_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o ellipsis_n ♎_o g_o ♈_o l_o and_o can_v be_v the_o excentricity_n be_v salve_v in_o any_o other_o line_n and_o this_o perhaps_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o kepler_n against_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o astronomer_n of_o former_a time_n think_v fit_a to_o bisect_v the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_n of_o the_o sun_n not_o by_o diminish_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o same_o excentricity_n because_o the_o true_a measure_n of_o that_o quantity_n be_v the_o difference_n by_o which_o the_o summer_n arch_n exceed_v the_o winter_n arch_n but_o by_o take_v for_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o great_a orb_n the_o point_n c_o near_o to_o f_o &_o so_o place_v the_o whole_a great_a orb_n as_o much_o near_a to_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o fix_a star_n towards_o ♋_o as_o be_v the_o distance_n between_o c_o &_o i._o for_o see_v the_o whole_a great_a orb_n be_v but_o as_o a_o point_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o immense_a distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n the_o two_o straight_a line_n ♎_o ♈_o and_o ab_fw-la be_v produce_v both_o way_n to_o the_o beginning_n of_o aries_n and_o libra_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n let_v therefore_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n mn_v be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o earth_n annual_a motion_n if_o now_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v by_o the_o sun_n simple_a motion_n in_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a about_o the_o centre_n i_o this_o diameter_n will_v be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o and_o to_o the_o straight_a line_n gl_o but_o see_v the_o earth_n be_v move_v in_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o ellipsis_n without_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o point_n n_o whilst_o it_o pass_v through_o ♎_o ♑_o ♈_o will_n go_v in_o a_o lesser_a circumference_n than_o the_o point_n m_o and_o consequent_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v move_v it_o will_v lose_v its_o parallelisme_n with_o the_o straight_a line_n ♑_o ♋_o so_o that_o mn_v produce_v will_n at_o last_o cut_v the_o straight_a line_n gl_o produce_v and_o contrary_o as_o soon_o as_o mn_n be_v pass_v ♈_o the_o earth_n make_v its_o way_n in_o the_o internal_a ellipticall_a line_n ♈_o l_o ♎_o the_o same_o mn_v produce_v towards_o m_o will_v cut_v lg_v produce_v and_o when_o the_o earth_n have_v almost_o finish_v its_o whole_a circumference_n the_o same_o mn_v shall_v again_o make_v a_o right_a angle_n with_o a_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n i_o a_o little_a short_a of_o the_o point_n from_o which_o the_o earth_n begin_v its_o motion_n and_o there_o the_o next_o year_n shall_v be_v one_o of_o the_o aequinoctial_a point_n namely_o near_o the_o end_n of_o â™_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v opposite_a to_o it_o near_o the_o end_n of_o ♓_o and_o thus_o the_o point_n in_o which_o the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v make_v equal_a do_v every_o year_n fall_v back_o but_o with_o so_o slow_a a_o motion_n that_o in_o a_o whole_a year_n it_o make_v but_o 51_o first_o minute_n and_o this_o relapse_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n be_v common_o call_v the_o praecession_n of_o the_o aequinox_n of_o which_o i_o have_v from_o my_o former_a supposition_n deduce_v a_o possible_a cause_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v according_a to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o according_a to_o kepler_n who_o for_o the_o cause_n thereof_o suppose_v one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v affect_v to_o the_o sun_n the_o other_o part_n to_o be_v disaffect_v the_o apogaeum_n &_o perigaeum_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v move_v every_o year_n in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o with_o the_o same_o velocity_n with_o which_o the_o aequinoctial_a point_n be_v move_v and_o their_o distance_n from_o they_o shall_v always_o be_v the_o quadrant_a of_o a_o circle_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v otherwise_o for_o astronomer_n say_v that_o the_o aequinox_n be_v now_o the_o one_o about_o 28_o degree_n go_v back_o from_o the_o first_o star_n of_o aries_n the_o other_o as_o much_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o libra_n so_o that_o the_o apogaeum_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o aphelium_n of_o the_o earth_n ought_v to_o be_v about_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o cancer_n but_o it_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v in_o the_o seven_o degree_n see_v therefore_o we_o have_v not_o sufficient_a evidence_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o so_o it_o be_v it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o seek_v for_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d why_o it_o be_v so_o wherefore_o as_o long_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o apogaeum_n be_v not_o observable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o slowness_n thereof_o and_o as_o long_o as_o it_o remaive_v doubtful_a whether_o their_o distance_n from_o the_o aequinoctial_a point_n be_v more_o or_o less_o than_o a_o quadrant_a precise_o so_o long_v it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o think_v they_o proceed_v both_o of_o they_o with_o equal_a velocity_n also_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o meddle_v with_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o excentricity_n of_o saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n and_o mercury_n nevertheless_o see_v the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v as_o i_o have_v show_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o unlike_a constitution_n of_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v alternate_o turn_v towards_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v credible_a also_o that_o like_a effect_n may_v be_v produce_v in_o these_o other_o planet_n from_o their_o have_v their_o superficies_n of_o unlike_a part_n and_o this_o be_v all_o i_o shall_v say_v concern_v sidereal_a philosophy_n and_o though_o the_o cause_n i_o have_v here_o suppose_v be_v not_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o these_o phaenomena_n yet_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v they_o according_a to_o what_o i_o at_o first_o propound_v chap._n xxvii_o of_o light_n heatt_z and_o of_o colour_n 1_o of_o the_o immense_a magnitude_n of_o some_o body_n and_o the_o unspeakable_a littleness_n of_o other_o 2_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n 3_o how_o light_n heat_v 4_o the_o generation_n of_o fire_n from_o the_o sun_n 5_o the_o generation_n of_o fire_n from_o collision_n 6_o the_o cause_n of_o light_n in_o glow-worm_n rot_a wood_n and_o the_o bolonian_a stone_n 7_o the_o cause_n of_o light_n in_o the_o concussion_n of_o sea-water_n 8_o the_o cause_n of_o flame_n spark_n and_o colliquation_n 9_o the_o cause_n why_o wet_a hay_n sometime_o burn_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n also_o the_o cause_n of_o lightning_n 10_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o force_n of_o gunpowder_n and_o what_o be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o coal_n what_o to_o the_o brimstone_n and_o what_o to_o the_o nitre_n 11_o how_o heat_n be_v cause_v by_o attrition_n 12_o the_o distinction_n of_o light_n into_o first_o second_o etc._n etc._n 13_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o colour_n we_o see_v in_o look_v through_o a_o prisma_fw-la of_o glass_n namely_o of_o red_a yellow_a blue_a and_o violet_a colour_n 14_o why_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o star_n appear_v red_a in_o the_o horizon_n then_o in_o
long_o as_o there_o be_v sufficient_a heat_n in_o it_o but_o this_o cease_n it_o will_v shine_v no_o long_o also_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o in_o the_o glow-worm_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a thick_a humour_n like_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o if_o it_o be_v take_v out_o and_o hold_v long_o enough_o in_o one_o finger_n and_o then_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o dark_a it_o will_v shine_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o warmth_n it_o receive_v from_o the_o finger_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v cold_a it_o will_v cease_v shine_v from_o whence_o therefore_o can_v these_o creature_n have_v their_o light_n but_o from_o lie_v all_o day_n in_o the_o sunshine_n in_o the_o hot_a time_n of_o summer_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n rot_a wood_n except_o it_o grow_v rot_v in_o the_o sunshine_n or_o be_v afterward_o long_o enough_o expose_v to_o the_o sun_n will_v not_o shine_v that_o this_o do_v not_o happen_v in_o every_o worm_n nor_o in_o all_o kind_n of_o rot_a wood_n nor_o in_o all_o calcine_v stone_n the_o cause_n may_v be_v that_o the_o part_n of_o which_o those_o body_n be_v make_v be_v different_a both_o in_o motion_n and_o figure_n from_o the_o part_n of_o body_n of_o other_o kind_n 7_o also_o the_o sea-water_n shine_v when_o it_o be_v either_o dash_v with_o the_o stroke_n of_o oar_n or_o when_o a_o ship_n in_o its_o course_n break_v strong_o through_o it_o but_o more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o different_a point_n the_o cause_n whereof_o may_v be_v this_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o salt_n though_o they_o never_o shine_v in_o the_o salt-pit_n where_o they_o be_v but_o slow_o draw_v up_o by_o the_o sun_n be_v here_o beat_v up_o into_o the_o air_n in_o great_a quantity_n and_o with_o more_o force_n be_v withal_o make_v to_o turn_v round_o and_o consequent_o to_o shine_v though_o weak_o i_o have_v therefore_o give_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n 8_o if_o such_o matter_n as_o be_v compound_v of_o hard_a little_a body_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o as_o they_o fly_v out_o in_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n the_o flame_n which_o be_v make_v by_o they_o will_v be_v great_a or_o less_o and_o if_o the_o aethereal_a or_o fluid_a part_n of_o that_o matter_n fly_v out_o together_o with_o they_o their_o motion_n will_v be_v the_o swift_a as_o it_o be_v in_o wood_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o flame_n with_o a_o manifest_a mixture_n of_o wind_n when_o therefore_o these_o hard_a particle_n by_o their_o fly_v out_o move_v the_o eye_n strong_o they_o shine_v bright_a and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o they_o fly_v out_o together_o they_o make_v a_o great_a shine_a body_n for_o flame_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o aggregate_v of_o shine_a particle_n the_o great_a the_n aggregate_v be_v the_o great_a and_o more_o manifest_a will_v be_v the_o flame_n i_o have_v therefore_o show_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o flame_n and_o from_o hence_o the_o cause_n appear_v evident_o why_o glass_n be_v so_o easy_o and_o quick_o melt_v by_o the_o small_a flame_n of_o a_o candle_n blow_v which_o will_v not_o be_v melt_v without_o blow_v but_o by_o a_o very_a strong_a fire_n now_o if_o from_o the_o same_o matter_n there_o be_v a_o part_n break_v off_o namely_o such_o a_o part_n as_o consist_v of_o many_o of_o the_o small_a particle_n of_o this_o be_v make_v a_o spark_n for_o from_o the_o break_n off_o it_o have_v a_o violent_a turn_n round_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o shine_v but_o though_o from_o this_o matter_n there_o fly_v neither_o flame_n nor_o spark_n yet_o some_o of_o the_o small_a part_n of_o it_o may_v be_v carry_v out_o as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o superficies_n and_o remain_v there_o as_o ash_n the_o part_n whereof_o be_v so_o extreme_o small_a that_o it_o can_v any_o long_o be_v doubt_v how_o far_o nature_n may_v proceed_v in_o divide_v last_o though_o by_o the_o application_n of_o fire_n to_o this_o matter_n there_o fly_v little_a or_o nothing_o from_o it_o yet_o there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o part_n a_o endeavour_n to_o simple_a motion_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a body_n will_v either_o be_v melt_v or_o which_o be_v a_o degree_n of_o melt_v soften_v for_o all_o motion_n have_v some_o effect_n upon_o all_o matter_n whatsoever_o as_o have_v be_v show_v at_o the_o 3d_o article_n of_o the_o 16_o chapter_n now_o if_o it_o be_v soften_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o that_o the_o stubborness_n of_o the_o part_n be_v exceed_v by_o their_o gravity_n than_o we_o say_v it_o be_v melt_v otherwise_o soften_v and_o make_v pliant_a and_o ductile_a again_o the_o matter_n have_v in_o it_o some_o particle_n hard_a other_o aethereal_a or_o watery_a if_o by_o the_o application_n of_o fire_n these_o late_a be_v call_v out_o the_o former_a will_n thereby_o come_v to_o a_o more_o full_a contact_n with_o one_o another_o and_o consequent_o will_v not_o be_v so_o easy_o separate_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o whole_a body_n will_v be_v make_v hard_a and_o this_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o same_o fire_n make_v some_o thing_n soft_a other_o hard._n 9_o it_o be_v know_v by_o experience_n that_o if_o hay_o be_v lay_v wet_a together_o in_o a_o heap_n it_o will_v after_o a_o time_n begin_v to_o smoke_n and_o then_o burn_v as_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o the_o cause_n whereof_o seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o in_o the_o air_n which_o be_v enclose_v within_o the_o hay_n there_o be_v those_o little_a body_n which_o as_o i_o have_v suppose_v be_v move_v free_o with_o simple_a motion_n but_o this_o motion_n be_v by_o degree_n hinder_v more_o and_o more_o by_o the_o descend_a moisture_n which_o at_o the_o last_o fill_v and_o stop_v all_o the_o passage_n the_o thin_a part_n of_o the_o air_n ascend_v by_o penetrate_v the_o water_n and_o those_o hard_a little_a bodâ—â—_n be_v so_o thrust_v together_o that_o they_o touch_v and_o press_v one_o another_o acquire_v strong_a motion_n till_o at_o last_o by_o the_o increase_a strength_n of_o this_o motion_n the_o watery_a part_n be_v first_o drive_v outward_o from_o whence_o appear_v vapour_n and_o by_o the_o continue_a increase_n of_o this_o motion_n the_o small_a particle_n of_o the_o dry_a hay_n be_v force_v out_o and_o recover_v their_o natural_a simple_a motion_n they_o grow_v hot_a and_o shine_v that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n the_o same_o also_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o lightning_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o hot_a time_n of_o the_o year_n when_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v up_o in_o great_a quantity_n and_o carry_v high_a for_o after_o the_o first_o cloud_n be_v raise_v other_o after_o other_o follow_v they_o and_o be_v congeal_v above_o they_o happen_v while_o some_o of_o they_o ascend_v and_o other_o descend_v to_o fall_v upon_o another_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o in_o some_o place_n all_o their_o part_n be_v join_v together_o in_o other_o they_o leave_v hollow_a space_n between_o they_o and_o into_o these_o space_n the_o aethereal_a part_n be_v force_v out_o by_o the_o compressure_n of_o the_o cloud_n many_o of_o the_o hard_a little_a body_n be_v so_o pen_v together_o as_o that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o liberty_n of_o such_o motion_n as_o be_v natural_a to_o the_o air_n wherefore_o their_o endeavour_n grow_v more_o vehement_a till_o at_o last_o they_o force_v their_o way_n through_o the_o cloud_n sometime_o in_o one_o place_n sometime_o in_o another_o and_o break_v through_o with_o great_a noise_n they_o move_v the_o air_n violent_o &_o strike_v our_o eye_n generate_v light_a that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o shine_v and_o this_o shine_v be_v that_o we_o call_v lightning_n 10_o the_o most_o common_a phaenomenon_n proceed_v from_o fire_n and_o yet_o the_o most_o admirable_a of_o all_o other_o be_v the_o force_n of_o gunpowder_n fire_v which_o be_v compound_v of_o niter_n brimstone_n and_o coles_n beat_v small_a have_v from_o the_o coal_n its_o first_o take_v fire_n from_o the_o brimstone_n its_o nourishment_n and_o flame_n that_o be_v to_o say_v light_a and_o motion_n and_o from_o the_o niter_fw-la the_o vehemence_n of_o both_o now_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o niter_n before_o it_o be_v beat_v be_v lay_v upon_o a_o burn_a coal_n first_o it_o melt_v and_o like_o water_n quench_v that_o part_n of_o the_o coal_n it_o touch_v then_o vapour_n or_o air_n fly_v out_o where_o the_o coal_n and_o niter_n join_v blow_v the_o coal_n with_o great_a swiftness_n and_o vehemence_n on_o all_o side_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o by_o two_o contrary_a motion_n the_o one_o of_o the_o particle_n which_o go_v out_o of_o the_o burn_a coal_n the_o other_o of_o those_o of_o the_o aethereal_a and_o watery_a substance_n
of_o the_o niter_n be_v generate_v that_o vehement_a motion_n and_o inflammation_n and_o last_o when_o there_o be_v no_o more_o action_n from_o the_o niter_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v when_o the_o volatile_a part_n of_o the_o niter_n be_v fly_v out_o there_o be_v find_v about_o the_o side_n a_o certain_a white_a substance_n which_o be_v throw_v again_o into_o the_o fire_n will_v grow_v red_a hot_a again_o but_o will_v not_o be_v dissipate_v at_o least_o unless_o the_o fire_n be_v augment_v if_o now_o a_o possible_a cause_n of_o this_o be_v find_v out_o the_o same_o will_v also_o be_v a_o possible_a cause_n why_o a_o grain_n of_o gunpowder_n set_v on_o fire_n do_v expand_v itself_o with_o such_o vehement_a motion_n and_o shine_v and_o it_o may_v be_v cause_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v the_o particle_n of_o which_o niter_n consist_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v some_o of_o they_o hard_o other_o watery_a and_o the_o rest_n aethereal_a also_o let_v the_o hard_a particle_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v spherical_o hollow_a like_o small_a bubble_n so_o that_o many_o of_o they_o grow_v together_o may_v constitute_v a_o body_n who_o little_a cavern_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o substance_n which_o be_v either_o watery_a or_o aethereal_a or_o both_o as_o soon_o therefore_o as_o the_o hard_a particle_n be_v dissipate_v the_o watery_a and_o aethereal_a particle_n will_v necessary_o fly_v out_o and_o as_o they_o fly_v of_o necessity_n blow_v strong_o the_o burn_a coal_n and_o brimstone_n which_o be_v mingle_v together_o whereupon_o there_o will_v follow_v a_o great_a expansion_n of_o light_n with_o vehement_a flame_n and_o a_o violent_a dissipation_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o niter_n the_o brimstone_n and_o the_o coal_n wherefore_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o the_o force_n of_o fire_a gunpowder_n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o hence_o that_o for_o the_o render_n of_o the_o cause_n why_o a_o bullet_n of_o lead_n or_o iron_n shoot_v from_o a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n fly_v with_o so_o great_a velocity_n there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o introduce_v such_o rarefaction_n as_o by_o the_o common_a definition_n of_o it_o make_v the_o same_o matter_n to_o have_v sometime_o more_o sometime_o less_o quantity_n which_o be_v unconceivable_a for_o every_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v great_a or_o less_o as_o it_o have_v more_o or_o less_o quantity_n the_o violence_n with_o which_o a_o bullet_n be_v thrust_v out_o of_o a_o gun_n proceed_v from_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o small_a particle_n of_o the_o fire_a powder_n at_o least_o it_o may_v proceed_v from_o that_o cause_n without_o the_o supposition_n of_o any_o empty_a space_n 11_o beside_o by_o the_o attrition_n or_o rub_v of_o one_o body_n against_o another_o as_o of_o wood_n against_o wood_n we_o find_v that_o not_o only_o a_o certain_a degree_n of_o heat_n but_o fire_v itself_o be_v sometime_o generate_v for_o such_o motion_n be_v the_o reciprocation_n of_o pressure_n sometime_o one_o way_n sometime_o the_o other_o and_o by_o this_o reciprocation_n whatsoever_o be_v fluid_a in_o both_o the_o piece_n of_o wood_n be_v force_v hither_o and_o thither_o and_o consequent_o to_o a_o endeavour_n of_o get_v out_o and_o at_o last_o by_o break_v out_o make_v fire_n 12_o now_o light_n be_v distinguish_v into_o first_o second_o third_z and_o so_o on_o infinite_o and_o we_o call_v that_o first_o light_n which_o be_v in_o the_o first_o lucid_a body_n as_o the_o sun_n fire_n etc._n etc._n second_o that_o which_o be_v in_o such_o body_n as_o be_v not_o transparent_a be_v illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n as_o the_o moon_n a_o wall_n etc._n etc._n and_o three_o that_o which_o be_v in_o body_n not_o transparent_a but_o illuminate_v by_o second_o light_n etc._n etc._n 13_o colour_n be_v light_a but_o trouble_a light_n namely_o such_o as_o be_v generate_v by_o perturb_a motion_n as_o shall_v be_v make_v manifest_a by_o the_o red_a yellow_a blue_a and_o purple_a which_o be_v generate_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o diaphanous_a prisma_fw-la who_o opposite_a base_n be_v triangular_a between_o the_o light_n and_o that_o which_o be_v enlighten_v for_o let_v there_o be_v a_o prisma_fw-la of_o glass_n or_o of_o any_o other_o transparent_a matter_n which_o be_v of_o great_a density_n than_o air_n and_o let_v the_o triangle_n abc_n be_v the_o base_a of_o this_o prisma_fw-la also_o let_v the_o straight_a line_n de_fw-fr be_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sun_n body_n have_v oblique_a position_n to_o the_o straight_a line_n ab_fw-la and_o let_v the_o sunbeam_n pass_v in_o the_o line_n da_fw-la and_o ebc_n and_o last_o let_v the_o straight_a line_n da_fw-la and_o aec_fw-la be_v produce_v indefinite_o to_o f_o and_o g._n see_v therefore_o the_o straight_a line_n da_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o the_o density_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v refract_v towards_o the_o perpendicular_a let_v the_o line_n refract_v at_o the_o point_n a_o be_v the_o straight_a line_n ah_o and_o again_o see_v the_o medium_fw-la below_o ac_fw-la be_v thin_a than_o that_o above_o it_o the_o other_o refraction_n which_o will_v be_v make_v there_o will_v diverge_n from_o the_o perpendicular_a let_v therefore_o this_o second_o refracted_a line_n be_v ai._n also_o let_v the_o same_o be_v do_v at_o the_o point_n c_o by_o make_v the_o first_o refract_v line_n to_o be_v ck_n and_o the_o second_o cl._n see_v therefore_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o refraction_n in_o the_o point_n a_o of_o the_o straight_a line_n of_o ab_fw-la be_v the_o excess_n of_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la in_o ab_fw-la above_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o air_n there_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v reaction_n from_o the_o point_n a_o towards_o the_o point_n b_o and_o consequent_o the_o medium_fw-la at_o a_o within_o the_o triangle_n abc_n will_v have_v its_o motion_n trouble_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o straight_a motion_n in_o of_o and_o ah_o will_v be_v mix_v with_o the_o transverse_a motion_n between_o the_o same_o of_o and_o ah_o represent_v by_o the_o short_a transverse_a line_n in_o the_o triangle_n afh_v again_o see_v at_o the_o point_n a_o of_o the_o straight_a line_n ac_fw-la there_o be_v a_o second_o refraction_n from_o ah_o in_o ai_fw-fr the_o motion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la will_v again_o be_v perturb_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o transverse_a reaction_n from_o a_o towards_o c_o represent_v likewise_o by_o the_o short_a transverse_a line_n in_o the_o triangle_n ahi_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n there_o be_v a_o double_a perturbation_n represent_v by_o the_o transverse_a line_n in_o the_o triangle_n cgk_n and_o ckl_n but_o as_o for_o the_o light_n between_o a_z and_o cg_n it_o will_v not_o be_v perturb_v because_o if_o there_o be_v in_o all_o the_o point_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n ab_fw-la and_o ac_fw-la the_o same_o action_n which_o be_v in_o the_o point_v a_o and_o c_o then_z the_o plain_a of_o the_o triangle_n cgk_n will_v be_v every_o where_o coincident_a with_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o triangle_n afh_v by_o which_o mean_v all_o will_v appear_v alike_o between_o a_o and_o c._n beside_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o reaction_n at_o a_o tend_v towards_o the_o illuminate_v part_n which_o be_v between_o a_o and_o c_o and_o consequent_o perturb_v the_o first_o light_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o all_o the_o reaction_n at_o c_o tend_v towards_o the_o part_n without_o the_o triangle_n or_o without_o the_o prisma_fw-la abc_n where_o there_o be_v none_o but_o second_o light_n and_o that_o the_o triangle_n afh_n show_v that_o perturbation_n of_o light_n which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o glass_n itself_o as_o the_o triangle_n ahi_n show_v that_o perturbation_n of_o light_n which_o be_v make_v below_o the_o glass_n in_o like_a manner_n that_o cgk_n show_v the_o perturbation_n of_o light_n within_o the_o glass_n and_o ckl_n that_o which_o be_v below_o the_o glass_n from_o whence_o there_o be_v four_o divers_a motion_n or_o four_o different_a illumination_n or_o colour_n who_o difference_n appear_v most_o manifest_o to_o the_o sense_n in_o a_o prisma_fw-la who_o base_a be_v a_o equilateral_a triangle_n when_o the_o sunbeam_n that_o pass_v through_o it_o be_v receive_v upon_o a_o white_a paper_n for_o the_o triangle_n afh_n appear_v red_a to_o the_o sense_n the_o triangle_n ahi_n yellow_a the_o triangle_n cgk_n green_n and_o approach_v to_o blue_n and_o last_o the_o triangle_n ckl_n appear_v purple_a it_o be_v therefore_o evident_a that_o when_o weak_a but_o first_o light_n pass_v through_o a_o more_o resist_a diaphanous_a body_n as_o glass_n the_o beam_n which_o fall_v upon_o it_o tranvers_o make_v redness_n and_o when_o the_o same_o first_o light_n be_v strong_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o thin_a medium_fw-la below_o the_o straight_a line_n ac_fw-la the_o transverse_a beam_n make_v yellowness_n also_o when_o second_o light_n be_v strong_a
as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o triangle_n cgk_n which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o first_o light_n the_o transverse_a beam_n make_v greenesse_n and_o when_o the_o same_o second_o light_n be_v weak_a as_o in_o the_o triangle_n ckl_n they_o make_v a_o purple_a colour_n 14_o from_o hence_o may_v be_v deduce_v a_o cause_n why_o the_o moon_n and_o star_n appear_v big_a and_o red_a near_o the_o horizon_n then_o in_o the_o mid-heaven_n for_o between_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o apparent_a horizon_n there_o be_v more_o impure_a air_n such_o as_o be_v mingle_v with_o watery_a and_o earthy_a little_a body_n then_o be_v between_o the_o same_o eye_n and_o the_o more_o elevate_a part_n of_o heaven_n but_o vision_n be_v make_v by_o beam_n which_o constitute_v a_o cone_n who_o base_a if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o moon_n face_n and_o who_o vertex_fw-la be_v in_o the_o eye_n and_o therefore_o many_o beam_n from_o the_o moon_n must_v needs_o fall_v upon_o little_a body_n that_o be_v without_o the_o visual_a cone_n and_o be_v by_o they_o reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n but_o these_o reflect_a beam_n tend_v all_o in_o line_n which_o be_v transverse_a to_o the_o visual_a cone_n and_o make_v at_o the_o eye_n a_o angle_n which_o be_v great_a than_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o cone_n wherefore_o the_o moon_n appear_v great_a in_o the_o horizon_n then_o when_o she_o be_v more_o elevate_v and_o because_o those_o reflect_a beam_n go_v transverse_o there_o will_v be_v generate_v by_o the_o last_o article_n redness_n a_o possible_a cause_n therefore_o be_v show_v why_o the_o moon_n as_o also_o the_o star_n appear_v great_a and_o red_a in_o the_o horizon_n then_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o heaven_n the_o same_o also_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o sun_n appear_v in_o the_o horizon_n great_a and_o of_o a_o colour_n more_o degenerate_v to_o yellow_a then_o when_o he_o be_v high_a elevate_v for_o the_o reflection_n from_o the_o little_a body_n between_o and_o the_o transverse_a motion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v still_o the_o same_o but_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o that_o of_o the_o moon_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o last_o article_n his_o splendour_n must_v needs_o by_o this_o perturbation_n degenerate_a into_o yellowness_n but_o for_o the_o generation_n of_o these_o four_o colour_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v a_o prisma_fw-la for_o if_o it_o be_v spherical_a it_o will_v do_v the_o same_o for_o in_o a_o sphere_n the_o sunbeam_n be_v twice_o refract_v and_o twice_o reflect_v and_o this_o be_v observe_v by_o des_n cartes_n and_o with_o all_o that_o a_o rainbow_n never_o appear_v but_o when_o it_o rain_v as_o also_o that_o the_o drop_n of_o rain_n have_v their_o figure_n almost_o spherical_a he_o have_v show_v from_o thence_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o colour_n in_o the_o rainbow_n which_o therefore_o need_v not_o be_v repeat_v 15_o whiteness_n be_v light_a but_o light_v perturb_v by_o the_o reflection_n of_o many_o beam_n of_o light_a come_n to_o the_o eye_n together_o within_o a_o little_a space_n for_o if_o glass_n or_o any_o other_o diaphanous_a body_n be_v reduce_v to_o very_o small_a part_n by_o contusion_n or_o concussion_n every_o one_o of_o those_o part_n if_o the_o beam_n of_o a_o lucid_a body_n be_v from_o any_o one_o point_n of_o the_o same_o reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n will_v represent_v to_o the_o beholder_n a_o idea_n or_o image_n of_o the_o whole_a lucid_a body_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o phantasm_n of_o white_a for_o the_o strong_a light_n be_v the_o most_o white_a and_o therefore_o many_o such_o part_n will_v make_v many_o such_o image_n wherefore_o if_o those_o part_n lie_v thick_a and_o close_o together_o those_o many_o image_n will_v appear_v confuse_o and_o will_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o confuse_a light_n represent_v a_o white_a colour_n so_o that_o from_o hence_o may_v be_v deduce_v a_o possible_a cause_n why_o glass_n beat_v that_o be_v reduce_v to_o powder_n look_v white_a also_o why_o water_n and_o snow_n be_v white_a they_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o heap_n of_o very_o small_a diaphanous_a body_n namely_o of_o little_a bubble_n from_o who_o several_a convex_a superficies_n there_o be_v by_o reflection_n make_v several_a confuse_a phantasm_n of_o the_o whole_a lucid_a body_n that_o be_v to_o say_v whiteness_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n salt_n and_o nitre_n be_v white_a as_o consist_v of_o small_a bubble_n which_o contain_v within_o they_o water_n and_o aire_n as_o be_v manifest_a in_o nitre_n from_o this_o that_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o fire_n it_o violent_o blow_v the_o same_o which_o salt_n also_o do_v but_o with_o less_o violence_n but_o if_o a_o white_a body_n be_v expose_v not_o to_o the_o light_n of_o the_o day_n but_o to_o that_o of_o the_o fire_n or_o of_o a_o candle_n it_o will_v not_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n be_v easy_o judge_v whether_o it_o be_v white_a or_o yellow_a the_o cause_n whereof_o may_v be_v this_o that_o the_o light_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o burn_v and_o flame_n be_v almost_o of_o a_o middle_a colour_n between_o whiteness_n and_o yellowness_n 16_o as_o whiteness_n be_v light_a so_o blackness_n be_v the_o privation_n of_o light_n or_o darkness_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v first_o that_o all_o holes_n from_o which_o no_o light_n can_v be_v reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n appear_v black_n second_o that_o when_o a_o body_n have_v little_a eminent_a particle_n erect_v straight_o up_o from_o the_o superficies_n so_o that_o the_o beam_n of_o light_n which_o fall_n upon_o they_o be_v reflect_v not_o to_o the_o eye_n but_o to_o the_o body_n itself_o that_o superficies_n appear_v black_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o sea_n appear_v black_a when_o ruffle_v by_o the_o wind._n three_o that_o any_o combustible_a matter_n be_v by_o the_o fire_n make_v to_o look_v black_a before_o it_o shine_v for_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v to_o dissipate_v the_o small_a part_n of_o such_o body_n as_o be_v throw_v into_o it_o it_o must_v first_o raise_v and_o erect_v those_o part_n before_o it_o can_v work_v their_o dissipation_n if_o therefore_o the_o fire_n be_v put_v out_o before_o the_o part_n be_v total_o dissipate_v the_o coal_n will_v appear_v black_a for_o the_o part_n be_v only_o erect_v the_o beam_n of_o light_n fall_v upon_o they_o will_v not_o be_v reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n but_o to_o the_o coal_n itself_o four_o that_o burn_a glass_n do_v more_o easy_o burn_v black_a thing_n then_o white_a for_o in_o a_o white_a superficies_n the_o eminent_a part_n be_v convex_a like_o little_a bubble_n and_o therefore_o the_o beam_n of_o light_n which_o fall_n upon_o they_o be_v reflect_v every_o way_n from_o the_o reflect_a body_n but_o in_o a_o black_a superficies_n where_o the_o eminent_a particle_n be_v more_o erect_v the_o beam_n of_o light_n fall_v upon_o they_o be_v all_o necessary_o reflect_v towards_o the_o body_n itself_o and_o therefore_o body_n that_o be_v black_a be_v more_o easy_o set_v on_o fire_n by_o the_o sunbeam_n than_o those_o that_o be_v white_a five_o that_o all_o colour_n that_o be_v make_v of_o the_o mixture_n of_o white_a and_o black_a proceed_v from_o the_o different_a position_n of_o the_o particle_n that_o rise_v above_o the_o superficies_n and_o their_o different_a form_n of_o asperity_n for_o according_a to_o these_o difference_n more_o or_o few_o beam_n of_o light_n be_v reflect_v from_o several_a body_n to_o the_o eye_n but_o in_o regard_n those_o difference_n be_v innumerable_a and_o the_o body_n themselves_o so_o small_a that_o we_o can_v perceive_v they_o the_o explication_n and_o precise_a determination_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o colour_n be_v a_o thing_n of_o so_o great_a difficulty_n that_o i_o dare_v not_o undertake_v it_o chap._n xxviii_o of_o cold_a wind_n hard_a ice_n restitution_n of_o body_n bend_v diaphanous_a lightning_n and_o thunder_n and_o of_o the_o head_n of_o river_n 1_o why_o breath_n from_o the_o same_o mouth_n sometime_o heat_n and_o sometime_o cool_v 2_o wind_n and_o the_o inconstancy_n of_o wind_n whence_o 3_o why_o there_o be_v a_o constant_a though_o not_o a_o great_a wind_n from_o east_n to_o west_n near_o the_o equator_fw-la 4_o what_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o air_n pen_v in_o between_o the_o cloud_n 5_o no_o change_n from_o soft_a to_o hard_a but_o by_o motion_n 6_o what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o cold_a near_o the_o pole_n 7_o the_o cause_n of_o ice_n and_o why_o the_o cold_a be_v more_o remiss_a in_o rainy_a then_o in_o clear_a weather_n why_o water_n do_v not_o freeze_v in_o deep_a well_n as_o it_o do_v near_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n why_o ice_n be_v not_o so_o heavy_a as_o water_n and_o why_o wine_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o freeze_v
it_o alone_o and_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o search_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o gravity_n 2_o now_o we_o call_v those_o body_n heavy_a which_o unless_o they_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o force_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o by_o their_o own_o accord_n for_o aught_o we_o can_v by_o sense_n perceive_v to_o the_o contrary_n some_o philosopher_n therefore_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n proceed_v from_o some_o internal_a appetite_n by_o which_o when_o they_o be_v cast_v upward_o they_o descend_v again_o as_o move_v by_o themselves_o to_o such_o place_n as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o their_o nature_n other_o think_v they_o be_v attract_v by_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o former_a i_o can_v assent_v because_o i_o think_v i_o have_v already_o clear_o enough_o demonstrate_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o beginning_n of_o motion_n but_o from_o a_o external_a &_o move_a body_n and_o consequent_o that_o whatsoever_o have_v motion_n or_o endeavour_n towards_o any_o place_n will_v always_o move_v or_o endeavour_v towards_o that_o same_o place_n unless_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o reaction_n of_o some_o external_a body_n heavy_a body_n therefore_o be_v once_o cast_v upward_o can_v be_v cast_v down_o again_o but_o by_o external_a motion_n beside_o see_v inanimate_a body_n have_v no_o appetite_n at_o all_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o think_v that_o by_o their_o own_o innate_a appetite_n they_o shall_v to_o preserve_v themselves_o not_o understand_v what_o preserve_v they_o forsake_v the_o place_n they_o be_v in_o and_o transfer_v themselves_o to_o another_o place_n whereas_o man_n who_o have_v both_o appetite_n and_o understanding_n can_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o own_o life_n raise_v himself_o by_o leap_v above_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n last_o to_o attribute_v to_o create_a body_n the_o power_n to_o move_v themselves_o what_o be_v it_o else_o then_o to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v creature_n which_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o the_o creator_n to_o the_o late_a who_o attribute_v the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o assent_n but_o by_o what_o motion_n this_o be_v do_v have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v explain_v by_o any_o man_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o this_o place_n say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o manner_n and_o of_o the_o way_n by_o which_o the_o earth_n by_o its_o action_n attract_v heavy_a body_n 3_o that_o by_o the_o supposition_n of_o simple_a motion_n in_o the_o sun_n homogeneous_a body_n be_v congregat_v and_o heterogeneous_a dissipate_v have_v already_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o 5_o article_n of_o the_o 21_o chapter_n i_o have_v also_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v intermingle_v with_o the_o pure_a air_n certain_a little_a body_n or_o as_o other_o call_v they_o atom_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o extreme_a smallness_n be_v invisible_a and_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o in_o consistence_n figure_n motion_n &_o magnitude_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v congregat_v to_o the_o earth_n other_o to_o other_o planet_n and_o other_o be_v carry_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o space_n between_o and_o see_v those_o which_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o earth_n differ_v from_o one_o another_o in_o figure_n motion_n and_o magnitude_n they_o will_v fall_v upon_o the_o earth_n some_o with_o great_a other_o with_o less_o impetus_fw-la and_o see_v also_o that_o we_o compute_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o gravity_n no_o otherwise_o then_o by_o this_o their_o fall_n upon_o the_o earth_n with_o great_a or_o less_o impetus_fw-la it_o follow_v that_o we_o conclude_v those_o to_o be_v the_o more_o heavy_a that_o have_v the_o great_a impetus_fw-la and_o those_o to_o be_v less_o heavy_a that_o have_v the_o less_o impetus_fw-la our_o enquiry_n therefore_o must_v be_v by_o what_o mean_v it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o of_o body_n which_o descend_v from_o above_o to_o the_o earth_n some_o be_v carry_v with_o great_a other_o with_o less_o impetus_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v some_o be_v more_o heavy_a than_o other_o we_o must_v also_o inquire_v by_o what_o mean_v such_o body_n as_o settle_v upon_o the_o earth_n may_v by_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v force_v to_o ascend_v 4_o let_v the_o circle_n make_v upon_o the_o centre_n c_o in_o the_o 2d_o figure_n be_v a_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n pass_v through_o the_o point_n a_o and_o b._n also_o let_v any_o heavy_a body_n as_o the_o stone_n a_o d_o be_v place_v any_o where_o in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o let_v it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v cast_v up_o from_o a_o d_o perpendicular_o or_o to_o be_v carry_v in_o any_o other_o line_n to_o e_o and_o suppose_v to_o rest_v there_o therefore_o how_o much_o space_n soever_o the_o stone_n take_v up_o in_o a_o d_o so_o much_o space_n it_o take_v up_o now_o in_o e._n and_o because_o all_o place_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v full_a the_o space_n a_o d_o will_v be_v fill_v by_o the_o air_n which_o flow_v into_o it_o first_o from_o the_o near_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o afterward_o successive_o from_o more_o remote_a place_n upon_o the_o centre_n c_o let_v a_o circle_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v draw_v through_o e_z and_o let_v the_o plain_a space_n which_o be_v between_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o circle_n be_v divide_v into_o plain_a orb_n equal_a and_o concentrique_fw-la of_o which_o let_v that_o be_v the_o first_o which_o be_v contain_v by_o the_o two_o perimeter_n that_o pass_v through_o a_o &_o d._n whilst_o therefore_o the_o air_n which_o be_v in_o the_o first_o orb_n fill_v the_o place_n a_o d_o the_o orb_n itself_o be_v make_v so_o much_o less_o and_o consequent_o its_o latitude_n be_v less_o than_o the_o straight_a line_n a_o d._n wherefore_o there_o will_v necessary_o descend_v so_o much_o air_n from_o the_o orb_n next_o abvoe_n in_o like_a manner_n for_o the_o same_o cause_n there_o will_v also_o be_v a_o descent_n of_o air_n from_o the_o orb_n next_o above_o that_o and_o so_o by_o succession_n from_o the_o orb_n in_o which_o the_o stone_n be_v at_o rest_n in_o e._n either_o therefore_o the_o stone_n itself_o or_o so_o much_o air_n will_v descend_v and_o see_v air_n be_v by_o the_o diurnal_a revolution_n of_o the_o earth_n more_o easy_o thrust_v away_o than_o the_o stone_n the_o air_n which_o be_v in_o the_o orb_n that_o contain_v the_o stone_n will_v be_v force_v further_a upward_o than_o the_o stone_n but_o this_o without_o the_o admission_n of_o vacuum_n can_v be_v unless_o so_o much_o air_n descend_v to_o e_z from_o the_o place_n next_o above_o which_o be_v do_v the_o stone_n will_v be_v thrust_v downward_o by_o this_o mean_n therefore_o the_o stone_n now_o receive_v the_o beginning_n of_o its_o descent_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o its_o gravity_n furthermore_o whatsoever_o be_v once_o move_v will_v be_v move_v continual_o as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o 19_o article_n of_o the_o 8_o chapter_n in_o the_o same_o way_n and_o with_o the_o same_o celerity_n except_o it_o be_v retard_v or_o accelerate_a by_o some_o external_a movent_fw-la now_o the_o air_n which_o be_v the_o only_a body_n that_o be_v interpose_v between_o the_o earth_n a_o and_o the_o stone_n above_o it_o e_z will_v have_v the_o same_o action_n in_o every_o point_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n e_o a_o which_o it_o have_v in_o e._n but_o it_o depress_v the_o stone_n in_o e_z and_o therefore_o also_o it_o will_v depress_v it_o equal_o in_o every_o point_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n e_o a._n wherefore_o the_o stone_n will_v descend_v from_o e_o to_o a_o with_o accelerate_a motion_n the_o possible_a cause_n therefore_o of_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n under_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o same_o demonstration_n will_v serve_v if_o the_o stone_n be_v place_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o any_o other_o circle_n parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o because_o this_o motion_n have_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o great_a slowness_n less_o force_n to_o thrust_v off_o the_o air_n in_o the_o parallel_a circle_n then_o in_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o no_o force_n at_o all_o at_o the_o pole_n it_o may_v well_o be_v think_v for_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a consequent_a that_o heavy_a body_n descend_v with_o less_o and_o less_o velocity_n as_o they_o be_v more_o &_o more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la &_o that_o at_o the_o pole_n themselves_o they_o will_v either_o not_o descend_v at_o all_o or_o not_o descend_v by_o the_o axis_n which_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o false_a experience_n must_v determine_v but_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n both_o because_o the_o
time_n of_o their_o descent_n can_v be_v easy_o measure_v with_o sufficient_a exactness_n and_o also_o because_o the_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n be_v inaccessible_a nevertheless_o this_o we_o know_v that_o by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o we_o come_v to_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o the_o great_a be_v the_o flake_n of_o the_o snow_n that_o fall_v and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o swift_o such_o body_n descend_v as_o be_v fluid_a and_o dissipable_a by_o so_o much_o the_o small_a be_v the_o particle_n into_o which_o they_o be_v dissipate_v 5_o suppose_v therefore_o this_o to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o their_o motion_n will_v be_v accelerate_a in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o the_o space_n which_o be_v transmit_v by_o they_o in_o the_o several_a time_n will_v have_v to_o one_o another_o the_o same_o proportion_n which_o the_o odd_a number_n have_v in_o succession_n from_o unity_n for_o if_o the_o straight_a line_n ea_fw-la be_v divide_v into_o any_o number_n of_o equal_a part_n the_o heavy_a body_n descend_v will_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o perpetual_a action_n of_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n receive_v from_o the_o air_n in_o every_o one_o of_o those_o time_n in_o every_o several_a point_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n ea_fw-la a_o several_a new_a and_o equal_a impulsion_n and_o therefore_o also_o in_o every_o one_o of_o those_o time_n it_o will_v acquire_v a_o several_a and_o equal_a degree_n of_o celerity_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o follow_v by_o that_o which_o galilaeus_fw-la have_v in_o his_o dialogue_n of_o motion_n demonstrate_v that_o heavy_a body_n descend_v in_o the_o several_a time_n with_o such_o difference_n of_o transmit_v space_n as_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o square_a number_n that_o succeed_v one_o another_o from_o unity_n which_o square_a number_n be_v 1_o 4_o 9_o 16_o etc._n etc._n their_o difference_n be_v 3_o 5_o 7_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o odd_a number_n which_o succeed_v another_o from_o unity_n against_o this_o cause_n of_o gravity_n which_o i_o have_v give_v it_o will_v perhaps_o be_v object_v that_o if_o a_o heavy_a body_n be_v place_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o hollow_a cylinder_n of_o iron_n or_o adamant_n and_o the_o bottom_n be_v turn_v upward_o the_o body_n will_v descend_v though_o the_o air_n above_o can_v depress_v it_o much_o less_o accelerate_v its_o motion_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cylinder_n or_o cavern_n but_o such_o as_o be_v support_v by_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v so_o support_v be_v together_o with_o the_o earth_n carry_v about_o by_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n will_v be_v as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o thrust_v off_o the_o next_o and_o low_a air_n will_v make_v the_o uppermost_a air_n depress_v the_o heavy_a body_n which_o be_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o be_v above_o explicate_v 6_o the_o gravity_n of_o water_n be_v so_o great_a as_o by_o experience_n we_o find_v it_o be_v the_o reason_n be_v demand_v by_o many_o why_o those_o that_o dive_v how_o deep_a soever_o they_o go_v under_o water_n do_v not_o at_o all_o feel_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o lie_v upon_o they_o and_o the_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o all_o body_n by_o how_o much_o the_o heavy_a they_o be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o great_a be_v the_o endeavour_n by_o which_o they_o tend_v downward_o but_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n be_v heavy_a than_o so_o much_o water_n as_o be_v equal_a to_o it_o in_o magnitude_n and_o therefore_o the_o endeavour_n downward_o of_o a_o man_n body_n be_v great_a than_o that_o of_o water_n and_o see_v all_o endeavour_n be_v motion_n the_o body_n also_o of_o a_o man_n will_v be_v carry_v towards_o the_o bottom_n with_o great_a velocity_n than_o so_o much_o water_n wherefore_o there_o be_v great_a reaction_n from_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o endeavour_v upward_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o endeavour_n downward_o whether_o the_o water_n be_v press_v by_o water_n or_o by_o another_o body_n which_o be_v heavy_a than_o water_n and_o therefore_o by_o these_o two_o opposite_a equal_a endeavour_n the_o endeavour_n both_o way_n in_o the_o water_n be_v take_v away_o and_o consequent_o those_o that_o dive_v be_v not_o at_o all_o press_v by_o it_o coral_n from_o hence_o also_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o water_n in_o water_n have_v no_o weight_n at_o all_o because_o all_o the_o part_n of_o water_n both_o the_o part_n above_o and_o the_o part_n that_o be_v direct_o under_o tend_v towards_o the_o bottom_n with_o equal_a endeavour_n and_o in_o the_o same_o straight_a line_n 7_o if_o a_o body_n float_v upon_o the_o water_n the_o weight_n of_o that_o body_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v fill_v the_o place_n which_o the_o immersed_a part_n of_o the_o body_n take_v up_o within_o the_o water_n let_v of_o in_o the_o 3d_o figure_n be_v a_o body_n float_v in_o the_o water_n abcd_v and_o let_v the_o part_n e_o be_v above_o and_o the_o other_o part_n f_o under_o the_o water_n i_o say_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o the_o space_n f_o will_v receive_v for_o see_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n of_o force_v the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o space_n f_o and_o place_v it_o upon_o the_o superficies_n ab_fw-la where_o it_o press_v downward_o it_o follow_v that_o from_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o bottom_n there_o will_v also_o be_v a_o endeavour_n upward_o and_o see_v again_o that_o by_o this_o endeavour_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o the_o body_n of_o be_v lift_v up_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o body_n downward_o be_v not_o equal_a to_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o either_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o will_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o inequality_n of_o their_o endeavour_n or_o moment_n be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n or_o else_o it_o will_v descend_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o stand_v so_o as_o neither_o to_o ascend_v nor_o descend_v wherefore_o there_o be_v a_o aequilibrium_fw-la between_o the_o two_o endeavour_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n of_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o the_o space_n f_o will_v receive_v which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v 8_o from_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o any_o body_n of_o how_o great_a magnitude_n soever_o provide_v it_o consist_v of_o matter_n less_o heavy_a than_o water_n may_v nevertheless_o float_v upon_o any_o quantity_n of_o water_n how_o little_a soever_o let_v abcd_n in_o the_o four_o figure_n be_v a_o vessel_n and_o in_o it_o let_v efgh_o be_v a_o body_n consist_v of_o matter_n which_o be_v less_o heavy_a than_o water_n and_o let_v the_o space_n agcf_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n i_o say_v the_o body_n efgh_o will_v not_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n dc_o for_o see_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o body_n efgh_n be_v less_o heavy_a than_o water_n if_o the_o whole_a space_n without_o abcd_n be_v full_a of_o water_n yet_o some_o part_n of_o the_o body_n efgh_o as_o efik_n will_v be_v above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v fill_v the_o space_n ighk_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n efgh_o and_o consequent_o gh_a will_v not_o touch_v the_o bottom_n dc_o as_o for_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n it_o be_v no_o matter_n whether_o they_o be_v hard_a or_o fluid_a for_o they_o serve_v only_o to_o terminate_v the_o water_n which_o may_v be_v do_v as_o well_o by_o water_n as_o by_o any_o other_o matter_n how_o hard_o soever_o and_o the_o water_n without_o the_o vessel_n be_v terminate_v somewhere_o so_o as_o that_o it_o can_v spread_v no_o further_o the_o part_n therefore_o efig_n will_v be_v extant_a above_o the_o water_n agcf_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n wherefore_o the_o body_n efgh_o will_v also_o float_v upon_o the_o water_n agcf_n how_o little_a soever_o that_o water_n be_v which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v 9_o in_o the_o four_o article_n of_o the_o 26_o chapter_n there_o be_v bring_v for_o the_o prove_v of_o vacuum_n the_o experiment_n of_o water_n enclose_v in_o a_o vessel_n which_o water_n the_o orifice_n above_o be_v open_v be_v eject_v upward_o by_o the_o impulsion_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v therefore_o demand_v see_v water_n be_v heavy_a than_o air_n how_o that_o can_v be_v do_v let_v the_o second_o figure_n of_o the_o same_o 26_o chap._n be_v consider_v where_o the_o water_n be_v with_o great_a force_n inject_v by_o
in_o like_a manner_n be_v follow_v by_o the_o noxious_a matter_n contain_v in_o cb_n &_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o pit_n be_v for_o that_o time_n make_v healthful_a out_o of_o this_o history_n which_o i_o write_v only_o to_o such_o as_o have_v have_v experience_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o without_o any_o design_n to_o support_v my_o philosophy_n with_o story_n of_o doubtful_a credit_n may_v be_v collect_v the_o follow_v possible_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n namely_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a matter_n fluid_fw-la &_o most_o transparent_a and_o not_o much_o light_a than_o water_n which_o break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n fill_v the_o pit_n to_o c_o and_o that_o in_o this_o matter_n as_o in_o water_n both_o fire_n and_o live_a creature_n be_v extinguish_v 15_o about_o the_o nature_n of_o heavy_a body_n the_o great_a difficulty_n arise_v from_o the_o contemplation_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o make_v other_o heavy_a body_n ascend_v to_o they_o such_o be_v jet_n amber_n and_o the_o loadstone_n but_o that_o which_o trouble_v man_n most_o be_v the_o loadstone_n which_o be_v also_o call_v lapis_fw-la herculeus_fw-la a_o stone_n though_o otherwise_o despicable_a yet_o of_o so_o great_a power_n that_o it_o take_v up_o iron_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o hold_v it_o suspend_v in_o the_o air_n as_o hercules_n do_v antaeus_n nevertheless_o we_o wonder_v at_o it_o somewhat_o the_o less_o because_o we_o see_v jet_n draw_v up_o straw_n which_o be_v heavy_a body_n though_o not_o so_o heavy_a as_o iron_n but_o as_o for_o jet_n it_o must_v first_o be_v excite_v by_o rub_v that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o motion_n to_o and_o fro_o whereas_o the_o loadstone_n have_v sufficient_a excitation_n from_o its_o own_o nature_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o some_o internal_a principle_n of_o motion_n peculiar_a to_o itself_o now_o whatsoever_o be_v move_v be_v move_v by_o some_o contiguous_a and_o move_v body_n as_o have_v be_v former_o demonstrate_v and_o from_o hence_o it_o follow_v evident_o that_o the_o first_o endeavour_n which_o iron_n have_v towards_o the_o loadstone_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o air_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o iron_n also_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v generate_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o next_o air_n and_o so_o on_o successive_o till_o by_o this_o succession_n we_o find_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o all_o the_o intermediate_v air_n take_v its_o beginning_n from_o some_o motion_n which_o be_v in_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o which_o motion_n because_o the_o loadstone_n seem_v to_o be_v at_o rest_n be_v invisible_a it_o be_v therefore_o certain_a that_o the_o attractive_a power_n of_o the_o loadstone_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o some_o motion_n of_o the_o small_a particle_n thereof_o suppose_v therefore_o that_o those_o small_a body_n of_o which_o the_o loadstone_n be_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n compose_v have_v by_o nature_n such_o motion_n or_o endeavour_v as_o be_v above_o attribute_v to_o jet_v namely_o a_o reciprocal_a motion_n in_o a_o line_n too_o short_a to_o be_v see_v both_o those_o stone_n will_v have_v one_o &_o the_o same_o cause_n of_o attraction_n now_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o in_o what_o order_n of_o work_v this_o cause_n produce_v the_o effect_n of_o attraction_n be_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v inquire_v and_o first_o we_o know_v that_o when_o the_o string_n of_o a_o lute_n or_o viol._n be_v strike_v the_o vibration_n that_o be_v the_o reciprocal_a motion_n of_o that_o string_n in_o the_o same_o straight_a line_n cause_v like_o vibration_n in_o another_o string_n which_o have_v like_o tension_n we_o know_v also_o that_o the_o dregs_o or_o small_a sand_n which_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o vessel_n will_v be_v raise_v up_o from_o the_o bottom_n by_o any_o strong_a and_o reciprocal_a agitation_n of_o the_o water_n stir_v with_o the_o hand_n or_o with_o a_o staff_n why_o therefore_o shall_v not_o reciprocal_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n contribute_v as_o much_o towards_o the_o move_n of_o iron_n for_o if_o in_o the_o loadstone_n there_o be_v suppose_v such_o reciprocal_a motion_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n forward_o and_o backward_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o like_a motion_n will_v be_v propagate_v by_o the_o air_n to_o the_o iron_n and_o consequent_o that_o there_o will_v be_v in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o iron_n the_o same_o reciprocation_n or_o motion_n forward_o and_o backward_o and_o from_o hence_o also_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o intermediate_v air_n between_o the_o stone_n and_o the_o iron_n will_v by_o little_a and_o little_o be_v thrust_v away_o and_o the_o air_n be_v thrust_v away_o the_o body_n of_o the_o loadstone_n and_o the_o iron_n will_v necessary_o come_v together_o the_o possible_a cause_n therefore_o why_o the_o loadstone_n and_o jet_n draw_v to_o they_o the_o one_o iron_n the_o other_o straw_n may_v be_v this_o that_o those_o attract_v body_n have_v reciprocal_a motion_n either_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n or_o in_o a_o elliptical_a line_n when_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o attract_a body_n which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o such_o a_o motion_n but_o why_o the_o loadstone_n if_o with_o the_o help_n of_o cork_n it_o float_v at_o liberty_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v from_o any_o position_n whatsoever_o so_o place_n itself_o in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n as_o that_o the_o same_o point_n which_o at_o one_o time_n of_o its_o be_v at_o rest_n respect_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v at_o all_o other_o time_n respect_v the_o same_o pole_n the_o cause_n may_v be_v this_o that_o the_o reciprocal_a motion_n which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v make_v in_o a_o line_n parallel_n to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o have_v be_v in_o those_o part_n ever_o since_o the_o stone_n be_v generate_v see_v therefore_o the_o stone_n while_o it_o remain_v in_o the_o mine_n and_o be_v carry_v about_o together_o with_o the_o earth_n by_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n do_v by_o length_n of_o time_n get_v a_o habit_n of_o be_v move_v in_o a_o line_n which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o line_n of_o its_o reciprocal_a motion_n it_o will_v afterward_o though_o its_o axis_fw-la be_v remove_v from_o the_o parallel_n situation_n it_o have_v with_o the_o axis_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n retain_v its_o endeavour_n of_o return_v to_o that_o situation_n again_o and_o all_o endeavour_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o motion_n and_o nothing_o intervening_a that_n may_v hinder_v the_o same_o the_o loadstone_n will_v therefore_o return_v to_o its_o former_a situation_n for_o any_o piece_n of_o iron_n that_o have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n rest_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n whensoever_o it_o be_v force_v from_o that_o situation_n and_o afterward_o leave_v to_o its_o own_o liberty_n again_o will_v of_o itself_o return_v to_o lie_v in_o the_o meridian_n again_o which_o return_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o endeavour_n it_o acquire_v from_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o parallel_a circle_n which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o meridian_n if_o iron_n be_v rub_v by_o the_o loadstone_n draw_v from_o one_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o two_o thing_n will_v happen_v one_o that_o the_o iron_n will_v acquire_v the_o same_o direction_n with_o the_o loadstone_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o will_v lie_v in_o the_o meridian_n and_o have_v its_o axis_n and_o pole_n in_o the_o same_o position_n with_o those_o of_o the_o stone_n the_o other_o that_o the_o like_a pole_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o of_o the_o iron_n will_v avoid_v one_o another_o and_o the_o unlike_a pole_n approach_v one_o another_o and_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o former_a may_v be_v this_o that_o iron_n be_v touch_v by_o motion_n which_o be_v not_o reciprocal_a but_o draw_v the_o same_o way_n from_o pole_n to_o pole_n there_o will_v be_v imprint_v in_o the_o iron_n also_o a_o endeavour_n from_o the_o same_o pole_n to_o the_o same_o pole_n for_o see_v the_o loadstone_n differ_v from_o iron_n no_o otherwise_o then_o as_o ore_n from_o metal_n there_o will_v be_v no_o repugnance_n at_o all_o in_o the_o iron_n to_o receive_v the_o same_o motion_n which_o be_v in_o the_o stone_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o see_v they_o be_v both_o affect_v alike_o by_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o will_v both_o equal_o return_v to_o their_o situation_n in_o the_o meridian_n whensoever_o they_o be_v put_v from_o the_o same_o also_o of_o the_o late_a this_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o as_o the_o loadstone_n in_o touch_v the_o iron_n do_v by_o its_o action_n imprint_v in_o the_o iron_n a_o endeavour_n towards_o one_o of_o the_o pole_n suppose_v towards_o the_o north_n pole_n so_o reciprocal_o the_o
iron_n by_o its_o action_n upon_o the_o loadstone_n do_v imprint_v in_o it_o a_o endeavour_n towards_o the_o other_o pole_n namely_o towards_o the_o south_n pole_n it_o happen_v therefore_o in_o these_o reciprocation_n or_o motion_n forward_o and_o backward_o of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o of_o the_o iron_n betwixt_o the_o north_n &_o the_o south_n that_o while_o in_o one_o of_o they_o the_o motion_n be_v from_o north_n to_o south_n and_o the_o return_n from_o south_n to_o north_n in_o the_o other_o the_o motion_n will_v be_v from_o south_n to_o north_n &_o the_o return_n from_o north_n to_o south_n which_o motion_n be_v opposite_a to_o one_o another_o and_o communicate_v to_o the_o air_n the_o north_n pole_n of_o the_o iron_n while_o the_o attraction_n be_v work_v will_v be_v depress_v towards_o the_o south_n pole_n of_o the_o loadstone_n or_o contrary_o the_o north_n pole_n of_o the_o loadstone_n will_v be_v depress_v towards_o the_o south_n pole_n of_o the_o iron_n and_o the_o axe_n both_o of_o the_o loadstone_n and_o of_o the_o iron_n will_v be_v situate_a in_o the_o same_o straight_a line_n the_o truth_n whereof_o be_v teach_v we_o by_o experience_n as_o for_o the_o propagation_n of_o this_o magnetical_a virtue_n not_o only_o through_o the_o air_n but_o through_o any_o other_o body_n how_o hard_o so_o ever_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o see_v no_o motion_n can_v be_v so_o weak_a but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v propagate_v infinite_o through_o a_o space_n fill_v with_o body_n of_o any_o hardness_n whatsoever_o for_o in_o a_o full_a medium_fw-la there_o can_v be_v no_o motion_n which_o do_v not_o make_v the_o next_o part_n yield_v and_o that_o the_o next_o and_o so_o successive_o without_o end_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o effect_n whatsoever_o but_o to_o the_o production_n thereof_o something_o be_v necessary_o contribute_v by_o the_o several_a motion_n of_o all_o the_o several_a thing_n that_o be_v in_o the_o world_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o body_n in_o general_a with_o which_o i_o conclude_v this_o my_o first_o section_n of_o the_o element_n of_o philosophy_n in_o the_o first_o second_o and_o three_o part_n where_o the_o principle_n of_o ratiocination_n consist_v in_o our_o own_o understanding_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o legitimate_a use_n of_o such_o word_n as_o we_o ourselves_o constitute_v all_o the_o theorem_n if_o i_o be_v not_o deceive_v be_v right_o demonstrate_v the_o four_o part_n depend_v upon_o hypothesis_n which_o unless_o we_o know_v they_o to_o be_v true_a it_o be_v impossible_a for_o we_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o those_o cause_n which_o i_o have_v there_o explicate_v be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o thing_n who_o production_n i_o have_v derive_v from_o they_o nevertheless_o see_v i_o have_v assume_v no_o hypothesis_n which_o be_v not_o both_o possible_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v comprehend_v and_o see_v also_o that_o i_o have_v reason_v aright_o from_o those_o assumption_n i_o have_v withal_o sufficient_o demonstrate_v that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o true_a cause_n w_z ch_z be_v the_o end_n of_o physical_a contemplation_n if_o any_o other_o man_n from_o other_o hypothesis_n shall_v demonstrate_v the_o same_o or_o great_a thing_n there_o will_v be_v great_a praise_n and_o thanks_o due_a to_o he_o then_o i_o demand_v for_o myself_o provide_v his_o hypothesis_n be_v such_o as_o be_v conceivable_a for_o as_o for_o those_o that_o say_v any_o thing_n may_v be_v move_v or_o produce_v by_o itself_o by_o species_n by_o its_o own_o power_n by_o substantial_a form_n by_o incorporeal_a substance_n by_o instinct_n by_o anteperistasis_fw-la by_o antipathy_n sympathy_n occult_a quality_n and_o other_o empty_a word_n of_o schoolman_n their_o say_n so_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n and_o now_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o man_n body_n where_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o optic_n and_o of_o the_o disposition_n affection_n and_o manner_n of_o man_n if_o it_o shall_v please_v god_n to_o give_v i_o life_n and_o show_v their_o cause_n ad_fw-la cap._n fourteen_o fig._n 1._o fig._n 2._o fig._n 3._o fig._n 4._o fig._n 5._o fig_n 6._o fig_n 7._o fig_n 8._o fig_n 9_o fig_n 10._o ad_fw-la cap._n xvi_o fig_n 1_o fig_n 2_o fig_n 3_o fig_n 4_o fig_n 5_o fig_n 6_o fig_n 7_o fig_n 8_o fig_n 9_o fig_n 10_o fig_n 11_o ad_fw-la cap._n xvii_o fig._n 1._o fig._n 2._o fig._n 3._o fig._n 4._o fig._n 5._o fig._n 6._o fig._n 7._o fig._n 8._o cap_n xviii_o fig._n 1._o fig._n 2._o ad_fw-la cap._n xix_o fig_n 1_o fig_n 2_o fig_n 3_o fig_n 4_o fig_n 5_o fig_n 6_o fig_n 7_o fig_n 8_o fig_n 9_o fig_n 10_o cap_n xx._n fig_n 1_o fig_n 2_o fig_n 3_o fig_n 4_o fig_n 5_o ad_fw-la cap_n xxi_o fig_n 1_o fig_n 2_o fig_n 3_o fig_n 4_o fig_n 5_o ad_fw-la cap_n xxii_o fig_n 1_o fig_n 2_o fig_n 3_o ad_fw-la cap_n xxiii_o fig_n 1_o fig_n 2_o fig_n 3_o fig_n 4_o fig_n 5_o fig_n 6_o fig_n 7_o fig_n 8_o fig_n 9_o ad_fw-la cap._n xxiiii_o fig_n 1_o fig_n 2_o fig_n 3_o fig_n 4_o fig_n 5_o fig_n 6_o ad_fw-la cap_n xxvi_o fig_n 1_o fig_n 2_o fig_n 3_o fig_n 4._o fig_n 5._o ad_fw-la cap_n xxvii_o fig_n 1._o fig_n 2_o ad_fw-la cap_n xxviii_o et_fw-la xxx_o fig_n 1._o fig_n 2._o fig_n 3_o fig_n 4_o fig_n 5._o fig_n 6._o
of_o the_o part_n of_o those_o plant_n make_v a_o odorous_a liquor_n so_o also_o of_o air_n pass_v through_o the_o same_o plant_n while_o they_o be_v grow_v be_v make_v odorous_a air_n and_o thus_o also_o it_o be_v with_o the_o juice_n and_o spirit_n which_o be_v breed_v in_o live_v creature_n 16_o that_o odorous_a body_n may_v be_v make_v more_o odorous_a by_o contrition_n proceed_v from_o this_o that_o be_v break_v into_o many_o part_n which_o be_v all_o odorous_a the_o air_n which_o by_o respiration_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o object_n towards_o the_o organ_n do_v in_o its_o passage_n touch_v upon_o all_o those_o part_n and_o receive_v their_o motion_n now_o the_o air_n touch_v the_o superficies_n only_o and_o a_o body_n have_v less_o superficies_n while_o it_o be_v whole_a than_o all_o its_o part_n together_o have_v after_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o powder_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o odorous_a body_n yield_v less_o smell_n while_o it_o be_v whole_a than_o it_o will_v do_v after_o it_o be_v break_v into_o small_a part_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o smell_v 17_o the_o taste_n follow_v who_o generation_n have_v this_o difference_n from_o that_o of_o the_o sight_n hear_v and_o smell_a that_o by_o these_o we_o have_v sense_n of_o remote_a object_n whereas_o we_o taste_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v contiguous_a and_o do_v immediate_o touch_v either_o the_o tongue_n or_o palate_n or_o both_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o cuticle_n of_o the_o tongue_n and_o palate_n and_o the_o nerve_n insert_v into_o they_o be_v the_o first_o organ_n of_o taste_n and_o because_o from_o the_o concussion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o these_o there_o follow_v necessary_o a_o concussion_n of_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la that_o the_o action_n communicate_v to_o these_o be_v propagate_v to_o the_o brain_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o far_a organ_n namely_o the_o heart_n in_o who_o reaction_n consist_v the_o nature_n of_o sense_n now_o that_o savour_v as_o well_o as_o odour_n do_v not_o only_o move_v the_o brain_n but_o the_o stomach_n also_o as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o loathe_n that_o be_v cause_v by_o they_o both_o they_o that_o consider_v the_o organ_n of_o both_o these_o sense_n will_v not_o wonder_v at_o all_o see_v the_o tongue_n the_o palate_n &_o the_o nostril_n have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o continue_a cuticle_n derive_v from_o the_o dura_n mater_n and_o that_o effluvium_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v in_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v be_v manifest_a from_o this_o that_o there_o be_v no_o taste_n where_o the_o organ_n and_o the_o object_n be_v not_o contiguous_a by_o what_o variety_n of_o motion_n the_o different_a kind_n of_o taste_n which_o be_v innumerable_a may_v be_v distinguish_v i_o know_v not_o i_o may_v with_o other_o derive_v they_o from_o the_o divers_a figure_n of_o those_o atom_n of_o which_o whatsoever_o may_v be_v taste_v consist_v or_o from_o the_o diverse_a motion_n which_o i_o may_v by_o way_n of_o supposition_n attribute_v to_o those_o atom_n conjecture_v not_o without_o some_o likelihood_n of_o truth_n that_o such_o thing_n as_o taste_v sweet_a have_v their_o particle_n move_v with_o slow_a circular_a motion_n and_o their_o figure_n spherical_a which_o make_v they_o smooth_a and_o please_a to_o the_o organ_n that_o bitter_a thing_n have_v circular_a motion_n but_o vehement_a and_o their_o figure_n full_a of_o angle_n by_o which_o they_o trouble_v the_o organ_n and_o that_o sour_a thing_n have_v straight_o and_o reciprocal_a motion_n and_o their_o figure_n long_o and_o small_a so_o that_o they_o cut_v and_o wound_v the_o organ_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n i_o may_v assign_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o other_o taste_v such_o several_a motion_n and_o figure_n of_o atom_n as_o might_n in_o probability_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n but_o this_o will_v be_v to_o revolt_v from_o philosophy_n to_o divination_n 18_o by_o the_o touch_n we_o feel_v what_o body_n be_v cold_a or_o hot_a though_o they_o be_v distant_a from_o we_o other_o as_o hard_a soft_a rough_a and_o smooth_a we_o can_v feel_v unless_o they_o be_v contiguous_a the_o organ_n of_o touch_n be_v every_o one_o of_o those_o membrane_n which_o be_v continue_v from_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la be_v so_o diffuse_v throughout_o the_o whole_a body_n as_o that_o no_o part_n of_o it_o can_v be_v press_v but_o the_o pia_n mater_n be_v press_v together_o with_o it_o whatsoever_o therefore_o press_v it_o be_v feel_v as_o hard_a or_o soft_a that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o more_o or_o less_o hard._n and_o as_o for_o the_o sense_n of_o rough_a it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o innumerable_a perception_n of_o hard_a and_o hard_o succeed_v one_o another_o by_o short_a interval_n both_o of_o time_n and_o place_n for_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o rough_a and_o smooth_a as_o also_o of_o magnitude_n and_o figure_n not_o only_o by_o the_o touch_n but_o also_o by_o memory_n for_o though_o some_o thing_n be_v touch_v in_o one_o point_n yet_o rough_a and_o smooth_a like_a quantity_n and_o figure_n be_v not_o perceive_v but_o by_o the_o flux_n of_o a_o point_n that_o be_v to_o say_v we_o have_v no_o sense_n of_o they_o without_o time_n and_o we_o can_v have_v no_o sense_n of_o time_n without_o memory_n chap._n xxx_o of_o gravity_n 1_o a_o thick_a body_n do_v not_o contain_v more_o matter_n unless_o also_o more_o place_n than_o a_o thin_a 2_o that_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n proceed_v not_o from_o their_o own_o appetite_n but_o from_o some_o power_n of_o the_o earth_n 3_o the_o difference_n of_o gravity_n proceed_v from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o impetus_fw-la with_o which_o the_o element_n whereof_o heavy_a body_n be_v make_v do_v fall_v upon_o the_o earth_n 4_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n 5_o in_o what_o proportion_n the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n be_v accelerate_a 6_o why_o those_o that_o dive_v do_v not_o when_o they_o be_v under_o water_n feel_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n above_o they_o 7_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o body_n that_o float_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v fill_v the_o space_n which_o the_o immersed_a part_n of_o the_o body_n take_v up_o within_o the_o water_n 8_o if_o a_o body_n be_v light_a than_o water_n then_o how_o big_a soever_o that_o body_n be_v it_o will_v float_v upon_o any_o quantity_n of_o water_n how_o little_a soever_o 9_o how_o water_n may_v be_v lift_v up_o and_o force_v out_o of_o a_o vessel_n by_o air._n 10_o why_o a_o bladder_n be_v heavy_a when_o blow_v full_a of_o air_n then_o when_o it_o be_v empty_a 11_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ejection_n upward_o of_o heavy_a body_n from_o a_o windgun_n 12_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascent_n of_o water_n in_o a_o weatherglass_n 13_o the_o cause_n of_o motion_n upward_o in_o live_v creature_n 14_o that_o there_o be_v in_o nature_n a_o kind_n of_o body_n heavy_a than_o air_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o by_o sense_n distinguishable_a from_o it_o 15_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o magnetical_a virtue_n 1_o in_o the_o 21_o chapter_n i_o have_v define_v thick_a and_o thin_a as_o that_o place_n require_v so_o as_o that_o by_o thick_a be_v signify_v a_o more_o resist_a body_n and_o by_o thin_a a_o body_n less_o resist_v follow_v the_o custom_n of_o those_o that_o have_v before_o i_o discourse_v of_o refraction_n now_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o true_a and_o vulgar_a signification_n of_o those_o word_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o to_o be_v name_n collective_a that_o be_v to_o say_v name_n of_o multitude_n as_o thick_a to_o be_v that_o which_o take_v up_o more_o part_n of_o a_o space_n give_v &_o thin_a that_o which_o contain_v few_o part_n of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n in_o the_o same_o space_n or_o in_o a_o space_n equal_a to_o it_o thick_o therefore_o be_v the_o same_o with_o frequent_a as_o a_o thick_a troop_n and_o thin_a the_o same_o with_o unfrequent_a as_o a_o thin_a rank_n thin_a of_o house_n not_o that_o there_o be_v more_o matter_n in_o one_o place_n then_o in_o another_o equal_a place_n but_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o some_o name_v body_n for_o there_o be_v not_o less_o matter_n or_o body_n indefinite_o take_v in_o a_o desert_n then_o there_o be_v in_o a_o city_n but_o few_o house_n or_o few_o men._n nor_o be_v there_o in_o a_o thick_a rank_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o body_n but_o a_o great_a number_n of_o soldier_n then_o in_o a_o thin_a wherefore_o the_o multitude_n &_o paucity_n of_o the_o part_n contain_v within_o the_o same_o space_n do_v constitute_v density_n and_o rarity_n whether_o those_o part_n be_v separate_v by_o vacuum_n or_o by_o air_n but_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o be_v not_o of_o any_o great_a moment_n in_o philosophy_n and_o therefore_o i_o let_v