â—…5 36 48 85 41 294 15 11 308 40 11 13 16 11 39 41 12 56 40 28 56 38 15 88 57 322 57 12 282 16 12 12 10 12 45 42 45 57 38 57 57 39 45 92 23 357 35 13 259 53 13 11 5 13 51 44 21 58 37 29 58 41 16 96 1 400 16 14 240 38 14 10 0 14 57 46 0 59 36 3 59 42 50 99 51 454 12 15 223 55 15 8 56 16 4 47 41 60 34 38 60 44 26 103 54 524 34 16 209 14 16 7 52 17 12 49 24 61 33 15 61 46 5 108 14 620 17 17 196 15 17 6 48 18 20 51 11 62 31 54 62 47 46 112 50 758 8 18 184 39 18 5 45 19 29 53 2 63 30 34 63 49 30 117 45 974 1 19 174 15 19 4 42 20 39 54 56 64 29 15 64 51 17 123 0 1360 36 20 164 50 20 3 38 21 50 56 53 65 27 58 65 53 8 128 39 2253 44 21 156 18 21 2 35 23 2 58 54 66 26 43 66 55 1 134 45 6547 56 22 148 30 22 1 32 24 14 61 0 67 25 28 67 56 59 141 21 Infinite 23 141 21 23 0 29 25 28 63 10 68 24 14 68 59 1 148 30 numbre 24 134 45 24 0 33 26 43 65 25 69 23 2 69 61 6 156 18  25 128 39 25 1 36 27 58 67 45 70 21 50 70 63 17 164 50  26 123 0 26 2 38 29 15 70 11 71 20 39 71 65 32 174 15  27 117 45 27 3 41 30 34 72 43 72 19 29 72 67 52 184 39  28 112 50 28 4 44 31 54 75 21 73 18 20 73 70 18 196 15  29 118 14 29 5 48 33 15 78 7 74 17 12 74 72 51 209 14  30 113 54 30 6 52 34 38 81 0 75 16 4 75 75 29 223 55  31 99 51 31 7 56 36 3 84 2 76 14 57 76 78 15 240 38  32 96 1 32 9 0 37 20 87 13 77 13 51 77 81 9 259 53  33 92 23 33 10 4 38 57 90 34 78 12 45 78 84 11 282 16  34 88 57 34 11 8 40 28 94 5 79 11 39 79 87 23 308 40  35 85 41 35 12 14 42 1 97 49 80 10 34 80 90 44 340 16  36 82 34 36 13 19 43 35 101 45 81 9 30 81 94 16 378 49  37 79 37 37 14 25 45 12 105 56 82 8 26 82 98 0 426 55  38 76 48 38 15 32 46 52 110 23 83 7 22 83 101 58 488 39  39 74 5 39 16 40 48 35 115 8 84 6 18 84 106 9 570 51  40 71 30 40 17 48 50 20 120 11 85 5 15 85 110 37 685 48  41 69 1 41 18 57 52 9 125 39 86 4 11 86 115 23 858 2  42 66 38 42 20 6 54 1 131 30 87 3 8 87 120 28 1144 52  43 64 28 43 21 16 55 57 137 49 88 2 5 88 125 56 1718 10  44 62 8 44 22 27 57 56 144 40 89 1 3 89 131 48 3437 24  45 60 0 45 23 39 60 0 152 7 90 0 0 0 138 9 Infinite  Ther may many coÌ„clusions by this table be wrought as you shal know or we depart but now let vs furder proced coÌ„cerninge our talke of zones in which you must coÌ„sider that these zones of which we haue intreated ar deuided into climates regions Spo. How doth à climatand à zone differ they both wer for this cause first inuented to make diuision of the face of th' earth into soÌ„dry parts Philo. I confesse no lesse but they differ in this poynt that à Zone doth in it coÌ„tain the fift portioÌ„ of th' earth and à climate but only so much of th' earth the loÌ„gest day in that place do differ from th' equinoctial xxx minutes or half an hour and are named vii in numbre of all th' auncient Geographers Spoud Then the first climate shal be in latitude xvi degrees xliiij minutes from th' equinoctiall and the loÌ„gest day shall excede xij houres whiche is the quantitie of the daye vnder th' equinoctiall one houre for so saithe Ptolomaeus Philon. It is true but heare you muste consider that Ptolomaeus deuideth euery climate in iiij equall portions nameth them Paralleles euery one of them coÌ„teining in latitude iiij degrees xviij min. incresing the quantity of the longest day xv minutes so that Ptolomaeus making the first climate xvi degrees xliiij min. in Latitude from th' equinoctiall meaneth the middes and not the beginning of the climate Spou. I praye you or we anye further proceade shewe me the signification of a Parallele Philo. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greke whiche we also do call à Parallele is à Circle equally distaunt from that which is drawne next him and are described by the course of the sonne and starres of which the greatest is th' equinoctial for that he is furdest froÌ„ the Poles so that the nerer the poles the lesse is the parallele and the number of them Ptolomaeus maketh xxj as in this figure in which I haue made xxj paralleles froÌ„ th' equinoctiall vnto both the poles Arctike Antarctike and now to our matter againe from whence we did digresse You shall consider that euerye Climate hathe à proper name for the suerer difference of one from an other taketh his name of some notable Citye Mountaine or Riuer ouer which the mids of that Climate is drawn As for example The middes of the firste Climate goeth ouer a notable Ilande of Nilus called Meroë of that we name it Dia Meroes that is the climat going ouer Meroë The seconde Climat is called Dia Syënes of a citye in Egipt called Syënes The middes of the thirde climate is drawen ouer Alexandria an other Citye also in Egipt therfore called Dialexandrias The fourth goth ouer th' Iland of the Rodes now in subiection to the great Turke and is named Diarhodou The fift climate Dia Romes going ouer Rome somtime the head of the world at this preset the sinck of sin The sixte Climate is named Dia Pontou because it goeth ouer the Pontike seas named Euxinus The seuenth is draweÌ„ by Boristhenes a Citye so called therefore named Diaboristheneos not by the Riâ—…hean Mountanes as the vnlerned sort suppose seing that they ar at the lest x. deg froÌ„ this climate distaunte Spou. And what was the cause that they described no places beyoÌ„d the. 7. climate seing that ther are many inhabitaÌ„ts as by your words do appeare wher you made mention of the habitable places in th' earth Philo. It was ether because they supposed those places scaÌ„t or with muche paines habitable for th' extreme cold or els that they knew not the parts North froÌ„ theÌ„ situated as now we do Spou. And do they not make mention of
I do not so muche fansye Ptolomaeus in lōgitudes latitudes for he was not able being so mighty à Prince to trauell into those countris that to à priuate person for the greate distaunce à sunder was impossible And therfore receiuinge as he confesseth obseruations at other mens handes dyd in many sundry places swarue from the trueth Ph. And that was not to be imputed vnto Ptolomaeus as à crime seyng the errour ensued by other mens obseruations But for this cause I haue made my fifthe Booke in the whiche I haue folowed Ptolomaeus in certaine pointes touchinge his natiue Countrey places to them adiacent In th' other I haue vsed later writers trauelles not omitting my owne as you shall euidētly perceaue Spoudeus I pray you giue me an example of these thinges spoken Phil. Here minding to describe the plat forme of Englande I draw as you se à right line in the middes of the Mappe And because I finde in my fift boke that it is frō the Weast part of the same to th' East 11. digres I diuide this streght line beynge the Meridian Line for the middes of this Regiō into xj equall partes or portions Then do I searche how much the Pole Arctik is eleuated aboue th'Aequinoctiall in the furdest north part of Englande finde it 61. for vnder the name of Englande I comprehend the whole Ilande cōteyning also Schotlande Irelande Therfore I enter into the Table goyng before finde answering to 61. digr 29. minutes 5. secondes 19. thirdes Which space I take with my cōpasse in one of the diuisiōs of Lōgitude that I made in the meridian line so my compasse not opened wider I begin at the Meridian Line in the higher part of the Card make on either side 5. pricks that is to sai v. on the left hād v. on the right hād in like ma ner I find the south part to differ frō th'equinoctial lj di wherfore entring into the Table I find answering to lj dig 37. min. 45. seco 33. thir And with my cōpasse I take the like portion in one of the diuisions of the Meridian line then with my compasse I diuide the lower parte of the Table as I did the hier Then draw I right Lines from the Prickes in the hier part of the Table vnto the prickes in the lower part wright at th'endes of them the Digrees of Lōgitude as also in the diuisiōs of the Meridiam line I wright the digrees of latitude Thē seke I in the fifth boke for the notable Cities Townes Villages suche like place them in this card according to their true Longitude Latitude as in the card of Englād following you may well perceiue Spoudeus Nowe I perceiue by the makinge and describyng of this onely Mappe that the whole worke doeth chieflye depende vppon the Meridian Line appointing by them the longitudes of Regiōs by Paralleles of Climates whose vse in à Carde is to limite the Latitude frō th'Equinoctiall So that obseruing this order of you prescribed I may in like sorte at my pleasure drawe à Carde for Spaine Fraunce Germany Italye Graece or any perticuler regiō yea in à warme pleasaunt house without any perill of the raging Seas danger of enemies losse of time spending of substaunce werines of body or anguishe of minde Oh how precious â Iewell is this it may rightly be called à Cosmographicall Glasse in which we may beholde the diuersitie of countries natures of people innumerable formes of Beastes Foules Fishes Trees Frutes Stremes Meatalles Phi. You shall haue iust ccasiō to affirme whan as you vnderstande the whole cōmoditie of the same But I will shewe you to describe iij. or iiij Regiōs in one Mappe yea or so manye as are cōteined in th'eyght portion of th' Earth And therefore I call it à Carde conteining th'eyght part of th' Earth whose compasse in what quātitie you please the greater the better note it with A. B. C for the easier vnderstanding vn till you are exercised herein Then deuide the compasse of this Circle in iij equale partes marke the pointes of the diuision with A. B. C. After place th' one ende of the cōpasse in A. stretche out th' other ende vnto B. or C. with thy compasse draw an arcke or portion of à Circle from B. to C. Then set th' one ende of the compasse in B. draw the like arcke frō A. vnto C. After place the one ende of thy cōpasse in C describe the like arck frō B. to A. And here note that A. doth signifie the North or south Pole And th'arke B. C. the quadrant or iiij part of th'Equinoctial Circle This arke B. C. you shall di uide equallye in the middes at that pointe place D. Then draw à right line from A. vnto D. this shall repraesent the meridiane line for the middes of this carde This line shall you diuide into 90. partes euery one shall repraesent à digree or into 18. portions euery one shall answere vnto v. digr Or if the Mappe be small into 9. portions euery suche diuision shall signifie 10. digrees Then placing th' one ende of your compasse in A. extende or stretch out th' other vnto euery of these diuisions drawe arkes or portions of circles from th'arck A. B. vnto th'arck A. C. These ended you shall write in euery diuision from B. to C. th'equinoctiall vnto A. the Pole Arctik 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. or 5. 10. 15. 20 or 10. 20. 30. according to the diuision of the meridiane line After you shall accompt in this diuision 23. digrees 28. minutes from the quinoctiall which is the sonnes greatest declination and draw ther à double arke whiche shall serue for the Tropicke of Cancer or Capricorne noted with E L in like manner accompt 23. degrees 28. minutes from the North or South pole in that space draw in like sort à double arke which shal be in stead of the polary circle either Arctike or Antarctike set th'endes of it I K. and so are all the paralleles of latitude answering your mappe perfaitly finished Spou. I vnderstand the protracture of them very wel But shall there be but one Meridiane line for all thys Mappe Phil. Yes verely ther shal be so many as there are paralleles of latitude whose nombre as I saide was 90. Spou. Now I perceiue the reasō of this artificial working for like as the circuite of the heauens is distributed into 360. parts so in like maner the compasse of th' earth is also into 360 portions deuided both toward the Poles also from West to East Therfore I pray you shew me the waye howè to draw these meridiane lines Philo. You shal deuide the arke B D Cinto 90. or 18. or els 9. portions equally as I did the latitude from A vnto D. In like sort you shall deuide the polary Circle I K. then drawinge in
hir selfe and abhorre Uise for the horrible name therof thē we do in our daies hauing both Nature Gods preceptes and politiquè lawes as our Capitaines and lodesmen VVhiche abuse of time is the greatest cause that men in our age are not comparable in any thyng to those of times past For how many sondry Artes secrete Sciences and wonderfull Ingens throwgh well spending of tyme did the auncient Philosophers in their dayes inuente Archimedes deuisyd glasses with whiche the Siracusians might burne their enemies farre distant on the seas from them Ptolomaeus Atlas and Alphonsus being kinges founde out the maruelous course and sondry motions of the supercelestiall bodies writyng sondry volumes of them to the great comfort of such as ar lyuing at this presente Appollo first founde Physicke the repayrer of health And in lyke maner some one thing and some an other of whose Godly trauelles so many precious monumentes yet remayne yea and the Authors them selues being dead so many hundred yeares sence are as freshe in the minde of mā as it were but yesterday such is the reward of vertuouse trauell But whome do I se walking in yonder grene place among the pleasaunt byrdes flowers and trees is it not Philonicus It is he I will go and salute him God the giuer of all sapience and science saue you ryght reuerent Philonicus I accompte my selfe happy that I haue founde you for now my hope is to be deliuered although not of all yet of some of the bondes and chaynes of Ignoraunce Philonicus You are vnfaynedly welcome to me at this present and lyke as your name is Spoudaeus so you do in no point degenerate frō the same but are diligēt in seking knowledge eschewing idlenes and vain pastimes Spoudaeus That I learned taking at you example for you euer keping perpetual warre with ignoraūce and vise of euery kinde for rewarde wherof vertu also gaue you that name do vse to reade and reuolue the tre sure of Sapiēce I meane the secrete workes of Nature shut vp or rather conteyned in the worthy and auncient writers And in reading certaine of them I haue found not only matters of great difficultie but also as to me it semeth of muche vntruthe Philonicus You must iudge well of their laboures whiche haue before our dayes written for time bryngeth thinges to their perfection If we without any grounde should by our vigilancie fynde out suche misteries yea and as I may terme them hid secretes of Nature I assure you we should haue left many more errours to our posteritie then they haue in their writynges vnto vs. Yea and there are many thinges whiche seme false and vntrue bycause the grosse capacities of vnlearned persons can not redely comprehende the same But wherof doe those Authours intreate in whiche you haue so latelye traueled Spoudaeus They be wryters of Cosmographie Geographie Hydrographie or Nauigation But because that ether they obserue no order or Methode in their teaching ether that they digresse from that they take in hande and fyll their volumes with other sciēces rather then Cosmographie I haue very lyttle profyted by my trauell Philo. I reioyce that your fortune was to take in hande suche authors For Cosmographie in my iudgement is mete for euery estate and moste excellent of all other naturall science Wherfore be you nothing discomfortid and amasyd with the difficultie of their wryting For howe muche the thinge transcende in worthynes other knowledge not so plausible so muche the more it is companion with dificultie And where as you alleadge that the most part of them obserue no Methode and order in that I will doe my indeuour as also in the other where place shall require to suplie that wante in that behalfe Spoud You shall meruailouslye incourage me and take away the greatest trouble in this my study if you do not only showe me the knowledge therof in suche order as I may best conceiue it but also explicate and opē such placis as are obscure and darke for me to vnderstande Philo. Yet before we take in hande this studie there is one thing of whiche I must haue knowledge that is whether you haue redde any authours of Arithmetick and Geometry els you had best reade some of them and resorte to me againe at some other conuenient season Spoud Yes sir I haue redde the ground of Artes The whestone of wytte and the path way Philonicus That I am glad to vnderstande so shal it be the easier for me to instructe you and you better to conceyue and also retayne the surer suche thinges as shal be taught For he that wyll couer the roufe of his house before he haue made the foundation and buildyd the walles besyde the losse of his cost shall be thought scarse a wytty builder But I wil exhort you as time shal seme mete also to reade with great diligence Orontius Arithmeticke Scheubelius Algeber Euclides Elemētaries and Theodosius of spherike Demonstrations not only for this studies sake whiche you now haue in hande but for all other artes whiche taste of the Mathematicalles that you shall here after trauell in But nowe to the scope that you desire And because that you maye knowe wherof the matter depende of whiche we shall intreate let me here what you call Cosmographie Spoud That semeth vnto me to be none other thing then the arte whiche doe set forth and describe the vniuersall worlde Philo. You haue sayd rightly for so the Etymologie of this word Cosmographie doth sound But is there no dife rence betwixt this worde Cosmographie and Geographie Spoud It should so seme to me for both do describe the worlde Philo. Then define you Geographie after suche authours myndes as you haue redde Spoud That wyll I doe gladly Ptolomaeus in his geographie defineth it in this sorte 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Whiche sentence I turning into Latyne soundith in this sorte Geographia est vniuersarum terrae partium cognitarū vnà cum hiis quae ei veluti vniuersaliter coniuncta sunt picturae imitatio Whiche in our tongue is as muche to saye as Geographie is the imitation and discriptiō of the face and picture of th' earth with her partes knowen and of such things as are to it cōnected and ioyned Philo. You haue truly repetyd Ptolomaeus wordes Now I wyll proue by your difinition that you haue erred two wayes in putting no diference betwixt Cosmographie and Geographie First Cosmographie teacheth the discriptiō of the vniuersal world and not of th' earth only and Geographie of th' earth and of none other part Spoud Why syr make you a diference betwixt the worlde and th' earth Philo. Yea verely and that as much as betwixt a mā and his litle finger but of that you shal heare more or we departe The seconde way you erryd in the order of diuiding th' earth for albeit Cosmographie describeth the face of th' earth yet it is by noting and obseruing
certaine diuisions answering vnto v. principal paralleles or equidistant circles in the heauens As they dwell in the middes of th' earth that inhabit vnder th'equinoctiall lyne and the like of the dwellers vnder th' other circles is said On th' other parte Geographie doe deliniat and set out the vniuersal earth no respect had vnto the fornaÌ„ed circles of the heaueÌ„s but by Hylles MouÌ„tayns Seas fluddes and such other notable thinges as are in it coÌ„teined Spoud Then by your wordes I also gather there is some diference betwyxt these two and Chorographie Philo. Yea and that Ptolomaeus in the place of you alleadgid do playnly expresse For lyke as Cosmographie describeth the worlde Geographie th' earth in lyke sorte Chorographie sheweth the partes of th' earth diuided in themselues And seuerally describeth the portes Riuers Hauens Fluddes Hilles MouÌ„taynes Cities Villages Buildinges Fortresses Walles yea and euery particuler thing in that parte conteined And is in respect saith he of Cosmographie and Geographie as if a paiÌ„ter shuld set forth the eye or eare of a man and not the whole body so that Chorographie consisteth rather in describyng the qualitie and figure then the bignes and quantitie of any thinge Spoud Although by your wordes I haue receiued more commoditie at this present then by all my readyng touching the true diference of these three names yet if it may please you to geue me the figures of euery of them I shall so stedfastly printe it in my mynde as I truste not to forget them for it is truly said thinges sene haue longer impresion then only harde Philo. I wyll gladly fulfill your request Marke nowe this example folowing Here first you do see the heauens conteine in them th' earth Whiche earth is deuided into fiue principall partes accordinge to the fiue Circles in the heauens the names of whiche for breuitie I omytte vntyll conuenient place lest thorowe ofteÌ„ repeting things thei at length seme tedious The ¶ This figure repraesent the forme of Cosmographie other fygure without circles representeth th' earth set forth with Waters Hylles Mountaynes and such like This Picture aunswereth vnto Geographie And finally for Chorographie I haue placed th'excelleÌ„t Citie of Norwyche as the forme of it is at this present 1558. Nowe that you haue learned their difference declare in which of theÌ„ you most delight to be instructed Spoud I thanke you syr I shall neuer be able more then with praier to recompence your paynes But sence Cosmographie is more excellent then the other two both for the manifolde vse and that it coÌ„teineth and comprehendeth the other in it selfe I would imploye my whole industrie herein Philo. Then seing that Cosmographie describeth the worlde as you haue sayde and that rightly it is necessary to know what the world is what the partes of it are and how many yea and finally by what meanes as well the world as also the partes of it ar described This perfitly lernyd haue you then for this present your whole desire Spoud Yes verely THE DECLARATION OF THE PRINCIPAL places in the Citie after th' order of th'Alphabete A Thorpe VVoode B S. Leonardes C. The place where men are customablie burnt D. Bishoppes Gate E. The Cathedrall church called Christes Churche F. S. Martins at the Pallis Gate G Pokethorpe Gates H. The Suburbs called Pokthorpe I. Magdalene gates K S. Butholdes M S. Clementes N S. Augustines P. S Augustines Gates Q. S. Martines Gates R. S Martines at th'Ooke S. The new milles T. Hellgates the Suburbs ioyning to it called Heiham V S. Benets Gates VV S. â—…les Gates X. S. Stephens Gates Y. Brasen dore Z. S. Iohns gates Lakenam VVoode AA Chappell in the fielde BB Eaten VVoode CC The Castell DD The hospitall EE The market place FF S. Peters permantigate GG S. Martines on the hill HH S. Iohns on the hill II S. Michaels LL S. Iohns at the gates MM S. Stephens NN Thorpe QQ In the righthand is that part of the riuer Yërus coming from Yermouth and renneth thorow the City QQ The left hand th' other part of the forsaid riuer going hier into the countrye This Picture must be placed before the 9. leafe Philonicus Then let vs beginne with the definition of the worlde whiche the auncient Cleomedes definith in this maner 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And I do translate it into Latine as foloweth Mundus est ex caelo terraque ac naturis denique in eis compraehensis compages Is autem corpora in se singula continet nec extra eum prorsus quicquam cernitur That is the world is an apte frame made of heauen and earth of thinges in them conteyned This compreheÌ„deth all thinges in it self nether is there any thing without the lymites of it visible Whiche definition differith not from Aristotle and other famous writers So that what so euer is betwixt the seate of the almighty gouernour of all lyuing creatures and the center of the earth is called the worlde And is compared to à round ball and globe Spoudaeus Then all that we ether by syght may decerne or by arte conceiue that same is the worlde And conteyneth in it what so euer the eternall Creater by his wounderfull worke haue in this circuit blessed and made Philonicus True it is Spoud Then I perceiue my error before coÌ„mitted wheare I applied this worde worlde only to the earth Philonicus So in lyke sorte it is otherwayes abused but note you diligently that is saide before of Cleomedes and it shal be sufficient Spoudaeus And is there nothinge beyonde this worlde my imagination leadeth me to the contrary Philonicus Indede Pythagoras folowing imagination more then Reason affirmeth sumwhat to bee whiche is not comprehendid with in the worlde and nameth it Vacuum But Plato and Aristotle doe ouerthrowe this assertion And seing that it transsendith the knowledge of maÌ„ let it passe retorne we to our matter Spoudaeus What be the partes of the worlde Philonicus The worlde is made of two partes that is to saye of the Elementary Region conteinyng in it the foure Elementes Fyre Ayre Water and Earth and what so euer of them is compounded and made of whiche hereafter we shall intreate and of the heauenlye region of which at this present time we wil make meÌ„tion This Type do represent the world deuidid in to his two peculiar parts This region do in it contayne x. spheres in suche sorte as the greater comprehendith in him the lesser as the. x. heauen or Primum mobile comprehendith the. ix heauen callid also Cristalline This heauen compasseth the viij heauen called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because the sterres kepe one vniforme distance in mouing and for that cause are namid fixid And so this receiue in this compasse the sphere of Saturne Iupiter Mars the Sonne Uenus Mercurius the Mone and the foure Elementes Spoud Why should not the spheres of the Sonne
is also in the mides of th' earth an Equino imagined vnder the tropick in the heauē two tropike Circles in th' Earth and finallye vnder the two polary circles in the Heauen two circles in th' Earth answering in like proportiō so that th' Earth is parted in v. equall portiōs which are called zones as this Figure doeth manifestly set out Spoud Do you not in this Figure call euery portion betwixt two paralleles à zone Phil. Yes verely as the space betwixt the tropike of Cacer Capricorn in Graeke is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with vs the burning zone because the sonne goeth ouer th' inhabitauntes heades cōtinually Also betwixt the tropicke of Cancer the Circle Arctike 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the temperate zone And the portiō betwixt the circle Arctick the north Pole 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 we call it Frosen In lyke maner with th' other two zones southe from th' Equinoctiall the temperate south zone is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the frosen zone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Spou. Yet by my computation your table sheweth sexe zones Two frosen zones two temperate and two burninge zones for the space betwixte the two Tropicke Paralleles is deuided equally of th' Equinoctiall Phi. You are in the same error that Polybius was as testifieth Strabo but Proclus hereto do aptly answer where he speke of zones and I will repeate his wordes of this burning zone only omitting the rest whereby it shal be euident vnto you that there are not two but one burning zone his wordes are these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Reliqua quae inter memoratas quatuor medium locū tenet quod sub ipso Solistransitu iacet torrida nuncupatur à terestri equatore in duas partes diuisa Th' other zone saith Proclus which is in the mids of the. iiij aforesaid because it lieth vnder the course of the sonne is called burning and is deuided of th' earthly Aequinoctiall in two equall portions Spoud But what compelled Proclus to saye that it is but one zone Seinge it is deuided in two by the aforesaide earthlye Aequinoctiall I wil tel you because ther is no alteratiō of the quality tēperature of the heauēs betwixt the space and distance of the. ij Tropikes but continuallye hote al the yere by resō of the sōnes iornay in the zodiake as in the figure you may se therfore not only Proclus but also Plato Aristotle Strabo Ouide ād Uirgil yea al authors do make their accōpt but of v. zones Spo. It shuld seme that this burning zone for the feruēt heat the. ij frosen zones so far distant from the sōnes course shuld not be habitable as Ouide doth right excellently in these verses set out Vtque duae dextra coelum totidemque sinistra Parte secant zonae quinta est ardentior illis Sic onus inclusum numero distinxit eodem Cura dei totidemque plagae tellere praemuntur Quarum quae media est non est habitabilis aestu Nix tegit alta duas totidem inter vtrasque locauit Temperiemque dedit mista cum frigore flamma Like as the Zones into v. partes do right the Heauens diuide Euen so for th' Earth à nūbre like nature did well prouide The middest of thē all men eschew the burning is so fell In the zones next the Poles through could no creature long maye dwell Bitwixt these the burning Zone two other se you may For tempratnes replenished with liuinge thinges alway Philo. Well bycause I will not haue you to erre with Poëtes other that suppose these not habitable I will take the more diligence to driue this Heresie out of your heade althoughe Ptolomaeus Auicenna were of sufficient authoritie to make you credit this thing affirminge that they haue sene men whiche did inhabite betwixt th' Equinoctiall the tropike of Cancer yea that ther ar many notable Cities Villages yet I wil vse other reasons then testimonies in this behalfe And first answer me Is not the heate of the Sōne cause that in the Sūmer ceason he inclining toward our habitatiō that mens colour in ther faces hādes are made blacker then naturally they are Spoud Yes verely I haue sene some dwellers in litle Vilages as Plowmen Heardmen Shepehards maruelously sonneburnt Philon. What wil you cōiecture then of those people that are blacke face body all externe partes of them doeth it not come of the heate of the Sōne Spoud It muste nedes so be and I haue sene men of that colour we call them Aethiopians Philo. Very well do not you beleue that the countrey where they dwell must of force be vnder the beames of the Sōne Spou. Els it could not folow that ther colour should so much differ frō ours Philon. And there is no place vnder the perpendiculer Sōne beames but only this burning Zone Ara bia sumwhat frō the Sōne beames situated is the cause that th' inhabitauntes are not so blacke as the Aethiopians nor the Spaniardes as th' Arabians or Frēchmē as the Spaniardes Spoud And the Germaynes haue their skinne whiter then the Frenchemen we here in Englande then all these so that the furder from this burninge Zone the whiter the skie and the nerer th' Equinoctiall the blacker more adust burnt Philo. Moreouer the Nauigatiō to Calicute of which voiage Vesputius Columbus were the first authors nowe more frequented of the spanierdes then sayling into coūtreis nie adiacēt to vs do witnes beare that vnder this burning Zone there are inhabitaūtes Spou. by these wordes it is manifest that the burning Zone is not habitable onely but also inhabited And as touchinge the temperate Zones no man is so folishe or madde as to denie them to be replenished with all liuing creatures abūdantly wherfore if you can proue that the two Zones next the Poles are also habitable you shall as farre banish this errour frō me as the Sōne doth darkenes Philoni Although Ptolomaeus do not describe any parallele beyonde Thylim whiche is two degr more of this side of the Circle Arctike And that for the situatiō of it farre distant from the beames of the sonne and therfore the Waters cōtinually frosen and th' Earth with Snow couered Yet Erasmus Reignholt and that truley describeth a Parallele by Hielso an Ilād in Norway which is 9. degrees beyonde the polary or Arctike circle Also the grene lande and in diuers countreis there inhabited and the inhabitants are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Periscij and we may call them aptly inhabitantes which haue there shadowe daily declininge vnto all partes of the Horizont Spo. Then I perceiue that both the burning zone also the frosen are habitable and not that only but also inhabited although not so plentifullye as the temperate zone But nowe sence ther is offered good occasion to intreat of shadowes and
Diuersitie of the Sonnes declination from Ptolomaeus to our time 28 Doris hir chiefe places 191 Drangiana 196 E. EArth what 43 Opinions of hir figure eodem The myddes of it 6 Obiections against hyr roundnes 44 And th' answeres 45 Earth and the worlde not one thing 10 Th' Earth a stone 45 Of th' Earths circuit diuers opinions 62 Th' Earth howe to describe it in a vniuersall carde 127 Or halfe th' Earth 125 Or th' eight part 122 Or one perticuler Region 121 Ebbe tydes 145 The cause of it 146 Theyr tyme. 151 Ebudae Ilandes ioyning to Irlande 172 Ecliptick lyne what 25 Eclipse of the Sonne who firste founde out 97. The cause of the Mone Eclipsed eodā Figures of Eclipsis 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. Elementary Region 40 Elementes why but iiij 41 Theyr situation place eodē Eleuation of the Pole howe to finde it 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. Emantba eodem 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 xi Heauen 12 Englande hir principall cities 173. 174. Englshie myles what they conteine in the length 56 Howe many barlie cornes therto answereth eodem Epact howe to finde it 148 Ephesus 191 Epirus hir chiefe Places 183 Eubae an Ilande 177 Euclides Elementaries 5 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 64 Europe wherof it toke that name 170 The description of it 171 The Bignes of it eodem F. FIgures of the Moone Eclipsed 98 Florence 182 Fountaynes of marueylous nature 175 Fortunate Ilandes the first digree of Longitude 58 Their number 188 Fourlong a kinde of measure and his quan titie 56 Fraunce hyr description 178 Fretum what 144 Frosen zones two 66 Fruites of well spent time 2 G GAdira an Ilande 177 Gaditanum fretum where 184 Galenus countrey 191 Gelilo 198 Galitia hir Cities 191 Gazophilacion Astronomicum 89 Gedrosia 196 Gemma Phrisus way to finde the Longitude of places 109 Geographie what it is 5 Howe it differeth from Cosmographie 6 Geographicall plainsphere 137 Geometrie ned full in Cosmographie 4 Germany hyr description 189 Germane myles both commen great the quantitie 56. 57 Giantes Ilande 202 Glarians errour 59 His way to finde the Noonesteade lyne 82. Grene Iland 202 H HAppie men 1 Hayle ingendred where 42 Heauenly Region conteine x. Heauens 10 Th' eyghte nine and tenne Heauen who founde them out 12 Hecla a burnyng Hill 175 Hell where 82 Helga an Hill in Islande eodem Helicon the holy Hill 184 Heluetian myles 57 Hemisphere of th' Earth how to be drawen in a Carte 125 Hercules Pillers or Columnes 58 Heydelberge 181 Hierusalem 194 Hippocrates cuntry 198 Hircania and hir chiefe cities 195 Hilles the greatest in all tb ' Earth 44. Heteroscij 70 Homerus cuntrye 191 Horizont Circle what 18 Diuided in two partes 19 Th' vse of the Horizont 24 Horizont diuided into 32. Partes 156 Hote windes from the South the cause 158. Houre of the daye knowen by the coast of the Sonne 157. 158 I. IAcobus Staffe 105 Iamaica 198 Iberia hir chiefe Cities 193 Idumea hir Cities 194 Ilande what 112 Ilandes in Europe from 172. vnto 178. In Africke 188 In Asia 198 In America 201. 202 Illium 191 Illyria 182 Infortunate men 1 India within Gangis 196 Soutb India 198 ☞ An Instrument seruing to the describing of a Cuntrey 136 ☞ An Instrument seruynge to Nauigation 162 Iohn Faustus first founde out Printinge 181. Iohn Halifax called De sacro bosco 14 Irlande hir description 172 It hath plentie of Alume sea Cole and Wolues eodem It is without venamous wormes and beast eodem Island and her description 175. 176 Isthmus what 113 Italy and her chief Cities 182 Italian miles 56 Iucatan 198 India 194 Iaua the greater 198 Iaua the lesser eodem L LAc á kingdome 198 Lacus what 144 Lactantius petulancye 38 Laodicina and her cities 194 Laponto 202 Latitude of regions what 59 Latitude of Regions howe to find out from 91. Vnto 95 Length of miles 56 ☞ A leque what it conteineth eodem Licaonia her Cities 191 Line what it is 55. Line Eclipticke 25 London howe longe builded before Rome 173. before Cbristes Incarnation 174 Longitude taken two waies 58 Of Longitudes of places where the first degree is placed eodem Longitude of regions how to finde out sondry waies from 103 Vnto 108 Loode sterre and his configuration 166 Louaine 180 ☞ S. Lukes Country 193 Lybia interior 187 Lydia 191 Lyra. 82 M MAcedonia and her description 183 Madagascar an Iland 188 Mahometes Sepulcher where 194 Making of perticuler cardes by Longitude and Latitude 116. 117 ☞ Without Longitude and Latitude 137. 138. Mangi 197 Maiorica Minorica Ilandes 176. A Mappe for one Region 120 A Mappe for th' eight part of th' earth 122 A Mappe for halfe th' earth 125 A Mappe for all th' earth 127 Mare mortuum 144 Mare congelatum eodem Marmarica 187 Margiana 195 Mauritania Tingitana and her description 185 Mauritania Caesariensis 187 Measures of diuers sortes and quantitye eodem Medera an Iland 188 Media and her cities 195 Men moost happy 1 Men moost infortunate eodem Mentz 181 Meroë and her description 187 Meridian circle what 21 The vse of the Meridian 24 Meridian line howe to finde it 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. Meridionall signes 26 Mesopotamia 194 Middle earth seas 143 Miles of diuers countries and their quantitie 56 Myllan 182 Minute what 25 Moabar 198 Moones age howe to finde it at all times 147. Moones shining euery month 149 What coste of the Moone make full Seas in the chefe costes of this our Ocean 151 Of Mone Eclipsed what is the cause 97 Figures of her Eclipses 98 Morfuli 198 Moscouia and the nature of the people 182 Mount Sinay 194 N NAplis 182 Neadle and his praise 160 Where it haue erred 160 How to correct it 161 Neptunus God of the seas 112. 159 Nicaea 191 Niniue 195 North Pole and his configuration 166 Norwich subiect to fire 174 Her picture set out 8 North windes cold and the cause 158 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 64 Numidia and her chiefe places 187 O Ocean seas what 143 Olimpus a famous hill 44. 191 Oracles where geuen to the Gretians 184. Orchney Ilandes 171 Orontius 5 Obseruations of the Neadle where it haue erred 161 Ouides versis for the placing of the Sphere of the Sonne 11 The North Pole to be aboue the Horizont 37 The signes to ascend and descend equally vnder th' equinoctiall 32 The diuision of Zones 66 Oxford 174 P PAdua 182 Palus what 144 Pamphilia 191. Paris 189 Paradise where 82 Contention of the deuines touchinge it Loke in the praeface Pargamus 191. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 73 A Parallele what and their numbre 74 Their Table 78. 79 Persia. 195 Parthia eodem Peninsula what 113 Perticuler cardes made ij waies 115 Peru. 200 Phaenitia 193 Phaenix an hill 191 Philonicus what it signifieth 3 Places dictaunce how to find out 140. 141 Planets haue ij declinations 28 A plat forme what and how many waies spoken 55 Plato
necessary for thē which either sayle or trauell Spou. But you do then obserue the distaunce of the places in miles Phil. No verely for if I were caried by lande into places vnknowē blindfilded as they terme it or by the violence of troublesome wether on the sea driuen from my course I can declare how many miles I am from my countrey how many leaques from my proper course Spoud Then surely it must haue in it muche difficultie seyng that there springeth of it so muche vtilitie and profite Philo. The waye is very facile without great laboure I will no lenger make you muse theron You shall prepare à parfait clocke artificially made such as are brought from Flaūders we haue thē as excellently without Temple barre made of our countrymen Spoud Do you not meane such as we vse to weare in the facion of à Tablet Phi. Yea truely when as you trauell you shall set the nedle of youre Diall exactlye on the hour found out by the sonne on the daye by some starre in the night thē traueling withoute intermission whan as you haue traueled .xx. yea .xl. miles or more if your next place whose longitude you desire be so far distant then marke in your Diall the houre that it sheweth after with an Astrolabe or Quadrant finde out the hour of the day in that place if it agre with the same which your clock sheweth be assured your place is north or South frō the place you came from therfore haue the same lōgitude meridiā line But the time dif fer subtract th' one out of th' other the differēce turn into degrees minut of th'equinoctiall as before then adde or subtract as in th' other .ij. precepts going before But now behold the skie is ouer cast with cloudes wherfore let vs haste to our lodgings ende our talke for this presente Spoud With a righte good will THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Cosmographicall Glasse in which is vttered the making and protracture of the Face of th' Earth both in Cartes Perticuler and also vniuersall with diuers necessarye thinges incidente hereto Philonicus SEINGE THAT in oure laste daies talke it was made euidente vnto you what the Longitude Latitude Circuite of th' Earth was how you also might find the same by diuers sondrye waies moreouer the deuision of th' Earth into zones by the helpe of Paralleles it shuld seme nowe conueniente to shewe you the cause wherefore all these are learned to what finall end they are desired Therfore leaste you shulde be lefte destitute of the principal tresure of Cosmography that is to delineat protract or set forth the platforme of th' vniuersall face of th' earth or els perticulerli any one portiō of the same I will this day also do my endeuor to shewe you the waye how to attain hereunto Spo. Wold to god that fortune had vnto me geuē of her tresure that I might sōwhat al though not recōpēce yet shew forth my good wil for this your great pains trauell For in dede siluer gold is to base to recōpence knowledge with that did the famous kinges princes in th' old time well perpende Whan they did not only geue th'inuentors of any new Science Art or profitable thing for à publike weale aboundaunce of treasure but also for perpetuall memorye made an Image to represente suche à persone and called him à God for his inuention So was Neptunus called God of the seas for that he founde the Arte of sayling Aeolus the God of windes because he inuented the true vse of them Ceres à Goddesse for finedinge out tillage But what make I discourse in these thinges to you whiche knowe them muche better then I. Ph. Heare by I gather your good will to th'aduancemente of learning But it is not treasure which at youre handes I craue but only that you shew your selfe enemy vnto ignoraunce thorowe your industrious labour both in profitinge your selfe also your natiue country But or we procede further in thys oure busynesse I wyll brieflye open vnto you certaine names whiche we vse in Geographie with th'interpretation of the same and histories with Poëtes abound also with them And firste you muste consider that th'Earthe beinge inuironed compassed aboute with the greate Ocian seas semeth as it were an Ilande after Strabo his minde notwithstandinge there is à greate difference betwixt an Iland and th'Earthe for an Ilande is a portion of th'Earthe seperated from the hole by waters whiche do circuite it on euerye side so that you can not iourney by lande either from Europe Asia or Afrike vnto your coūtry but muste vse herein Nauigation Spoud Unto your description do agree America Sicilia Iaua the Rodes Candie Delos Therasia and England in which we inhabite Philon. It it true now you shall furder note that the seas deuide th' Earth 4. sundry waies for either it is an Iland or little differing there from and therfore called Peninsula or Isthmus or Continēs Spoud So that Peninsula differeth from an Ilande because in some parte it is ioyned to à greater portion of th' Earth wythoute seperation as Tauricà Thrasia Cherronesus also Cymbrica Aurea in India Philo. Isthmus doeth differ from them bothe signifieth à portion of th'Earthe hauynge of eyther sydes the raginge Seas suche are founde agreable to this description properly Corinthiacus and Thrasius Spou. But howe doeth Continens differ from these three Ph. I will shew you it is à portiō of th' Earth which is not parted by the Seas à sounder but is continually in length so that you may go from one parte vnto another without nauigation as Saxonie Bohemie Sueuelande c. Spod By these I gather there is no portion of th' Earth but it is either an Ilande or that whiche you call Peninsula Isthmus or Continens Philon. No verely but nowe beholde the figure Yet ther remaineth to shew you what this worde Oceā Sea meaneth what we call Promontorium Fretum Lacus Stagnum Fluuius Palus c. which I reserue vntill we speake of Nauigation And nowe we will tourne to our scope You shall cōsider that the face of th' Earth is protraste drawne two sundry waies either on à roūd plate forme for which inuention the Globe moste aptlye serueth or els on à plaine plat forme as à Card in which we drawe th'vniuer sall Earth or els but the half or the one part yea you please but one particuler Region which is proper to Chorographie as I said to you in the first booke Spo. Th' inuention should seme much better to drawe th' Earth in à playne plate fourme theron à Globe for in it we maye behoulde the whole face of th'Earthe wythout anye remouynge or tournynge of the Carde on the Globe you shall be compelled to turne firste one parte then another or you can vew any great portion of
it Phil. Yet because it doeth most euidently in figure represent the forme of th' Earth it should seme more apt for this institution But I will leaue his composition vntill I shewe you the making of it among other instrumeÌ„tes And your cause alleaged against this forme as I suppose did minister occation to Ptolomaeus to delineat describe th' Earth in à plaine forme And bicause that right lines onely vsed in this busines did cary errour with them as the fornamed Ptolomaeus noted in Marinus the Geographers inuention therefore he vsed in this protraction suche lines as might answere proportionallye the lines discribed in a Globe But nowe I will leaue to vse more wordes herein will begin the work it self And least that the difficultie of the thing mighte somwhat discouragie you I will first nosel traine you vp in making a cart for à Region But here note that à perticuler card is made by knowing the distance of places without Longitude Latitude of Regions which forme of working I wyll here after open or by Longitudes with which firste we will begin And then shewe you the making of à Carde for the eight part of th' Earth after for halfe th' Earth last for the hole vniuersal face of th' Earth Spoud I thanke you sir nowe I perceiue your great care in obseruing à methode order in teaching with the manifolde vtilitie springing of the same But seing you wil begin first with the descripsion of à RegioÌ„ I pray you let your diligence that waye bende to the settyng out of our countrey So shall the example be the more familier your paines nothing the greater Phil. I wyll accoÌ„plish your desire in describinge à perticuler RegioÌ„ Countrey or Prouince Firste you shall drawe à right line in such length in the middes of your parchement or paper as it will aptly receiue This line shall represent the meridiaÌ„ Line for the middes of that RegioÌ„ Then diuide this line into so many equal portioÌ„s as the latitude of the regioÌ„ is drawynge right Lines or paralleles in euery of the same diuisioÌ„s according to the capacitie â—…f the plat forme of thy paper or parchement write on th'endes of these paralleles 32. 33. 34. or 40. 41. 42. according to their distaunce froÌ„ th'Equinoctall after you shall coÌ„sider howe many digrees the north part of your regioÌ„ is froÌ„ th'equinoctiall entringe into this Table folowing which is intituled the quaÌ„titie proportioÌ„ of th'Equinoctall or any great Circle vnto euerye parallele both North and Southe from them searche how many minutes and secondes answereth to the furdest of these degrees in latitude with thy compasse take the like space in anye of the diuisions of latitude and then beginninge at the hier parte of the Carte for that shall represente the Northe parte make prickes with thys compasse from the Meridiane line on bothe A PROFITABLE TABLE SHOVVING THE quantitie and proportion of th'Equinoctiall vnto euerye Parallele both towarde the Pole Arctick Antarctick making euery digree 60. minutes Latitude of Paralleles   Latitude of Paral.   Latitude of pural  Dig.  Mi. Se. Thir  Dig  M S. T.  De.  Mi. Sec. Th. 0  60 0 0  31  51 25 48  62  28 10 6 1  59 59 27  32  50 52 58  63  27 14 22 2  59 57 18  33  50 19 13  64  26 18 8 3  59 â—…5 4  34  49 44 32  65  25 21 26 4  59 51 14  35  49 8 57  66  24 24 15 5  59 46 18  36  48 32 28  67  23 26 38 6  59 40 17  37  47 55 5  68  22 28 35 7  59 33 10  38  47 16 50  69  21 30 7 8  59 24 58  39  46 37 44  70  20 31 16 9  59 15 41  40  45 57 46  71  19 32 3 10  59 5 18  41  45 16 57  72  18 32 28 11  58 53 51  42  44 35 19  73  17 â—…2 23 12  58 41 20  43  43 52 52  74  16 32 18 13  58 27 20  44  43 9 37  75  15 31 45 14  58 13 4  45  42 25 35  76  14 30 55 15  57 57 20  46  41 40 46  77  13 29 49 16  57 40 33  47  40 55 12  78  12 28 29 17  57 22 42  48  40 8 52  79  11 26 55 18  57 3 48  49  39 21 49  80  10 25 8 19  56 43 52  50  38 34 2  81  9 23 10 20  56 22 54  51  37 45 33  82  8 21 1 21  56 0 53  52  36 56 23  83  7 18 44 22  55 37 52  53  36 0 32  84  6 16 18 23  55 â—…3 49  54  35 16 2  85  5 13 46 24  54 48 46  55  34 24 53  86  4 11 7 25  54 22 42  56  33 33 6  87  3 8 25 26  53 55 40  57  32 40 42  88  2 5 38 27  53 27 37  58  31 47 43  89  1 2 50 28  52 58 37  59  30 54 8  90  0 0 0 29  52 28 38  60  30 0 0       30  51 57 4  61  29 5 19     both sides then accompte howe farre distaunte the south parte of thy Region is from th'Equinoctiall by the helpe of the Table you shall knowe howe many minutes answereth to one digree then with your coÌ„passe take the like proportion of the digrees of Latitude your compasse not opened wider make prickes from either syde of the meridian line in the lower part of the Carde for that signifieth the south coast of that regioÌ„ After draw right lines from the prickes in the hier part of the Table vnto the Prickes in the lower part And write in them the degrees of Longitude as 10. 11. 12. or 20. 21. 22. then is thy carde made ready to serue thy necessary vse Spou. This beinge ended what is then requisite to be obserued to the perfait finishing of this carde Phil. Only to seeke oute of Ptolomaeus Geographie or my fifth booke the latitudes of Cities Townes Villages Hilles Riuers or other notable thinges in that Region conteined accordinge to those noÌ„bres to place theÌ„ in your card or mappe Spou.