Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	great_a	place_n	see_v	2,893	5	3.1798	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13576	Archaioplutos. Or the riches of elder ages Proouing by manie good and learned authours, that the auncient emperors & kings, were more rich and magnificent, then such as liue in these daies. Heereto is annexed, the honours of the braue Romaine souldiours; with the seauen wonders of the worlde. Written in French by Guil. Thelin, Lord of Gutmont and Morillonuilliers: and truely translated into English.; Archaioplutos. English	Telin, Guillaume.; Munday, Anthony, 1553-1633.	1592 (1592)	STC 23867; ESTC S100994	36,841	108

one time to the Temple of the Capitoll sixteene thousand poundes of gold with a great nūber of precious stones and pearles estimated woorth ten hundred and fiftie thousand Sesterriaes which sums amount to three Millions of gold And Budaeus sayth that Augustus imployed in the beautifying of the Cittie of Rome the Empire and things for publique profit beside building of Temples Theaters Pallaces and buildings of magnificent construction four-teene thousand times four-teene hundred thousand Sestertiaes which value thirtie fiue Millions of Crownes In his tyme a Burgesse of Rome named Lentulus Augurius was so high in his grace and fauour as Seneca sayth that he cōmaunded to be giuen him at one time four thousand times Sestertiaes which value ten Millions who seeing himselfe so forwarde in authority would often-times say to the Emperor in reproche as it were that in respect of his seruice he had left the pleasure delight of studying good Letters which hee prized esteemed more then al the pompe of inordinate riches This ingratitude was well punished afterward by Tyberius as writeth Suetonius Tarius Ruffus a man of base condition by good fortune and great industrie got in the seruice of Augustus a thousand times Sestertiaes which amount to two Millions and fiue hundred thousand Crownes Plinie sayth that Augustus to increase the good and honor of such as hee knewe to be well minded people sent them as Gouernours into hys Prouinces giuing them verie honest meanes whereby to make them great Eusebius in his Chronicles saith that after the tryumph at Actium Augustus made the goodly number before the Censors there were found foure Millions an hundred and sixtie thousand Cittizens of Rome And after the natiuitie of our Sauiour Iesus Christ hauing adopted Tyberius and they two beeing Censors the number vvas made when was sound nine Millions three hundred and seauentie thousand Cittizens within the Cittie and Subbarbes In thys time as Iuuenall witnesseth in his ninth Satyre this order was helde in Rome that when the children of the Cittizens were borne within three daies after one shoulde goe to the Temple of Saturne where the Treasure of the Consines was kept there in the Register Court before the Maisters and Keepers of the riches the infants name was enrolled Heereby they knew the age of euery one and what number of infants the Cittizens had nor was he to be reputed or thought a man vntill he came to the age of 17. yeeres The tryumph of Pompey PLutarch speaking of Pompeyes triumphe which was decreed for hym by reason of the victory he had against the two kings Tygranes and Mithridates the one king of Armenia the other of Pontus saith that by the goodly Wagons and Chariots wherein was drawne along thorowe the Cittie the treasure of his spoyles as also the semblances and portratures of the Kings Countries conquered appeared publiquely to euery one of what Nations subiected thys tryumph was ordained In euery Chariot were titles written of great faire Letters whereby they were signified and manifested The Nations ouer whom he tryumphed were these that folow the kingdomes of Pontus and Armenia the Coūtry of Paphlagonia of Cholchos Spayne Albania Syria Cilicia Mesopotamia Phaenicia Palestine Iudea Arabia yet not cōprising his victories on the Sea where he preuailed often and very farre of Hee adioyned to the Romaine Empire a thousand strong places about nine hundred Citties and tooke eyght hundred ships from Pyrats Plinie in the thirty-seauenth booke of hys naturall hystorie reciteth the order magnificence of thys Tryumph which hee saith is reported in the Registers of the Capitall To wit on the day of his natiuitie was hys tryumph when ryding thorowe the Citty hee brought to the publique Treasurie a Checker or table-boorde to play on made of two precious stones beeing foure soote long and three soote broad was neuer found like stones of such greatnesse He had in the order of his tryumphe in one Chariot a goodly booke of mighty and huge volume he had three beddes of golde seruing to make banquets on each one lying after the auncient fashion vessel of gold and precious stones to serue nine cupboordes three statues of Gold of Mars Pallas and Iuno After followed a Mountaine of Golde foure square whereon was Harts Lyons and fruites of all sorts garnished and enuironed round with a Vine of Gold a Chappell in the midst dedicated to the Muses which was made all of Peavles and on the toppe thereof was a very sumptuous Horologe In another Chariot was an Image of Pompey which likewise was made of pearls Plutarch sayth that thys tryumph was deuided into two dayes and yet the tyme would not suffise to make declaration of euerie part thereof Pompey brought to the Treasure in gold siluer and vessell all which came by hys spoyles twentie thousande Talents which value twelue Millions beside that which he gaue to his men of warre of whom he that had least had a thousande and fiue hundred Drachmes Attique which value an hundred and fiftie Crownes The Romaine subsidies after the tryumph of Pompey valued four-score and fiue Millions of Drachmes which make eyght Millions fiue hundred thousand crownes Pompey in the Playes which he made for the people after his seconde Consulship amongst other strange thinges brought into the place called the great circle by the Latines Circus maximus sixe hundred Lyons whereof he had three hundred and fifteene all the Iubilie Therefore not without cause said Cicero in hys Officiis that these were the most magnificent playes that euer were before him And when hee brought these beastes to be seene it was to make them kil one another or to make them fight against men that were condemned to thys punishment Sylla was the first that shewed thys manner of fight to the people beeing of an hundred together yet Pompey brought into the Theater beside these Lyons foure hundred and ten Panthers at one tyme. Augustus shewed four hundred twentie and Caesar foure hundred Lyons Afterwarde by the Emperours and Princes thys kinde of pastime was very much vsed and was called the chasing of wilde beasts for the peoples pleasure The charges that Ptolome was at for the ayde of Pompey BUdaeus writeth that one named Ptolome succoured Pompey in the conquest of Iudea who at his owne proper cost gaue pay to eyght thousande Horsemen and made a feast whereat was present a thousand men sette at the Table euery one hauing his Cuppe of gold and each one changed at euery messe that was serued a Cup of gold of a new and contrary fashion This riches commeth some-what neere to that of Pytheus of Bithinia who gaue to King Darius of Persia a Plane tree of gold with the Vine of golde whereof is stil reserued such fame and memory Afterward he receiued Xerxes sonne to Darius into hys houses with his Armie of Souldiours consisting of eyght hundred thousand men whē he discended into Greece Herodotus in his seauenth booke saith

seeme incredible yet the number and conformitie of Histories doe plainely iustifie them The Romaines for these great exployts of Armes graunted them yet other honours preheminences as the power of publique iudgement seating them in the yuorie Chaire called Curialis which was the seat of the Ediles and Pretors as it was permitted to Scipio oftentimes they yeelded to souldiours the greatest authorities according as it was lawfull for the people to doe it beeing a degree of estate subiect to the liberty of the Fathers conscript and of the people It was lawful for the Captaines to erect tryumphal statues and to clothe or deck them as if they had beene Consuls The Senate permitted by manner of reward and congratulation that they might bring to the Temples the Armes spoiles of the enemies vanquished by them in Battaile and these things were named Manubiae that is to say the booties gotten from the enemies The Romaines had another laudable custome which was to giue to the chyldren of such as had been slaine in warre like wages as they gaue their Fathers when they liued and to the old Souldiours which had long time followed seruice they would giue so much good and substantiall lande as they might very wel liue thereon suffering them to dwell in Citties and Prouinces that had beene conquered euen as themselues pleased to like or chuse In this sort the Citty of Ciuill was made by Caesar a Romaine Colonie from which tearme we may easily deriue our french saying of a newe habitation or transmigration of people Cordo● was also made a Colonie by this meane and infinite other in dyuers Prouinces In breese the Romaines neuer left any good turne vnrewarded and without great priuiledge for which cause was founde amongst them the most valiant men that euer haue beene in any Nation because each one stroue to attaine these degrees onelie by vertue I leaue many other sorts of rewards which the Romaines vsed in case of Armes in that I imagine I haue spoken sufficiently notwithstanding it is a thing certaine that if they haue gone beyond all other Nations in reknowledging remunerating such good actions it cannot likewise be denyed but in learning punishment of disorders they haue doone much more For if any one were not acquainted with honour and vertue yet shame and feare of punishment with-helde him from doing any vile deede were it thorow necessity or in hope of gaine because the paines were so great rigorous against such as did badly For if they lost any honour wherto they had been called or that they had been whipped euen to the blood they were thrust into yrons as they had beene slaues and if they had fled leauing their Captaines in the battaile they were eyther thrust vpon a spyt or otherwise extreamely handled and so according to theyr offence was the punishment inflicted Titus Liuius writeth that a Squadron of Appius Claudius to whom hee had in charge the keeping of a certaine place forsooke it and lost it which he being desirous to punish yet notwithstanding mercifullie it was graunted him to sunder them in tenne to a company afterward Lots were cast and they to whom the chaunce happened were punished with death for safetie of the other Iulius Frontinus sayth that Marcus Antonius dyd the like to a Band of hys which had not defended his Rampiers but suffered the enemies to set them on fire They vsed sundrie other punishments to to their disobedient Souldiours whereof would aske a long tyme to speak wherfore onely I say that as in those times there was no default in honoring rewarding goodnesse so likewise was there no defect in punishing wickednesse Of the seauen Wonders or Meruailes of the World SVch as haue read the auncient Historians Oratours and Poets haue founde mention made in sundrie of their writings of seauē Meruailes or Wonders of the World which were in diuers and contrary places All they that haue written doe agree on sixe but about the seauenth they hold variable opinions and likewise there is difference in placing one before another Notwithstanding I intende first to speake of the walles of Babilon which are placed in number of these Meruailes and that for good cause because the greatnesse of the place and compasse of ground dooth seeme incredible Let vs leaue to speake of the diuersitie of tongues which was there where Nemrod builded the Tower of Babell whereby the Citty first tooke name The walles we now speake of according to the most soundest opinion as of Trogus Pompeus and Iustin in the first Booke of his abridged Hystories was founded by the famous Queene Semiramis Mother to Ninus Diodorus Scicilianus in his third booke Amianus Marcellus in his 23. booke Paulus Orosius in his second booke maintaineth the same with the greatest part of the Authours among the Gentiles yet notwithstanding S. Austine in his first booke of the Cittie of GOD and Iosephus in the sixt booke of his Antiquities say that they were builded by Nemrod being ay ded by his proude and mighty Giants but were it the foundation or reparation which Semiramis did it suffiseth that she was greatly ennobled thereby The plot of this Citty was a plaine on the one side the other passed by the Riuer of Euphrates the draught or figure of thys Cittie was in a Quadrangle the wals maruailous high and wrought with very cunning workmanship the thing it selfe was of stone ioyned with white lyme and Morter which grew in the Quarries of the Country especially in the great Lake of Iudea where sometime stoode Sodome and Gomorha named Asphaltida or Mare mortuum which casteth forth earth like Pitch or Glewe the very strongest that can be found The Historians doe disagree about the height and largenes of the compasse of the wals which might easilie happen by reason of the diuers measures they made Plinie sayth the circuite of the walles was three-score thousand paces so that one of the squares was fifteene miles-long hee saith likewise that they were two hundred foote in height one of which feete exceedeth by three singers the measure of the Romaine foote in thicknesse they were fifty foote of the same measure which in trueth is a thing very admirable Diodorus the Scicilian sayth in his thyrd booke that the walles of this Citty had in compasse three hundred and three-score Stades euerie Stade containing in length sixe-score fiue paces and that they were so broade or large as sixe Chariots might passe thereon along together without the one hindring the other The bridges rocks Towers and Gardens Semiramis caused to be made were to very wonderfull astonishment and it is found written that shee had in daily pay to this worke three hundred thousande men of all the Kingdomes that were subiect to her Quintus Curtius adioyneth heereto eight Stades more in length and an hundred cubits more in height but Paulus Orosius faith in his seconde booke that they were foure-hundred and foure-score Stades long which amount

Aulus Gellius in his second booke say that to spoyle this villaines desire of renowne it was forbidden vnder great and greeuous paine that none should write his name to the ende he might faile of the fame and glory he expected But thys serued to small purpose for Solinus and Strabo say that he was named Erostratus of him came the Prouerbe that when anie one would be famous for a vicious acte they would say This is the renowne of Erostratus Againe it may bee spoken for a notable thing that the same day the Temple was burnt Alexander the great was borne who conquered all Asia Heereof are Authours Plutarch in the life of Alexander and Cicero in his seconde Booke of the nature of the Gods there it is reported in many places likewise in the booke of Diuination and it is said that while the Temple burned the Sages prognosticated the destruction of all Asia as afterwarde it happened by Alexander Some say the Temple was re-edified againe farre more great and excellent then it was before and that the Maister of the work was named Democrates The sixt Wonder of the World COncerning the sixt meruaile it was the Idoll or Image of Iupiter Olimpus which was in his Temple in Achaia betweene the Citties of Elis and Pisa the place being named Olimpia and likewise the Temple because of Iupiter Olimpus of whom Strabo in his eyght booke and Pomponius Mela in his seconde booke say that thys statue or Image which was in the Temple was renowned as well for the perfection and admirable workmanship as also for the greatnesse thereof It was made of Porphire some say Iuory by the hande of Phidias the most excellent Engrauer and Image-maker that euer was Plinie in hys thirty fiue and thirtie sixe bookes makes mention of it so doe manie other beside Strabo sayth the excellencie thereof was in the greatnesse and that which makes it more admirable is that it was of Porphiry cut in an infinite number of peeces It is saide that Phidias was toucht with one onely imperfection which was that hee had not well compassed the proportion of the Image with the Temple because it was in such sort placed and so huge as when one considered what might be the height thereof ifhe were vnderneath vpon hys feete he would imagine nothing more could be contained within the Temple Notwithstanding the renowne of this Image was highly aduaunced and made the Temple more known then otherwise it would haue beene because in that place was the sports and Games called Olimpia hence it came that they accounted the yeeres by Olimpiades whereof they madè fiue yeeres in fiue yeres The games were first instituted by Hercules afterward when they had left them off they were restored and re-established by Emonies after some Authours by Sphyron four or fiue yeeres after the destruction of Troy according to Eusebius there beginneth the yeere of the s●st Olimpiade The seauenth Wonder of the World LAstly for the seauenth wonder some say that it was the Tower in the Ile of Pharos neere to the Cittie of Alexandria in Egipt Pharos was a little Ile long and straite seated on the coast of Egipt directly against the mouth of Nylus which in times past as saith Pomponius Mela in his second booke and Plinie in his fift was altogether inclosed with firme Lande and afterwarde to the times of the selfe same Authours it was embraced wyth the mayne Sea saue onely a bridge wherby they passed from the one Ile to the other In this firme Land is the great Cittie of Alexandria builded by Alexander the great which Cittie was afterwarde a Colonie to Iulius Caesar. In this Ile called Pharos after the name of a great Pilot to Menelaus who was there buried the Kings of Egipt caused to be builded a Tower of Marble meruailous in height and work-manship vpon a Mountaine enuironed with water The laboure thereon bestowed was such as it cost eyght hundred Talents which value foure hundred and four-score thousand Crownes according to the computation of Budaeus and it was builded for no other purpose then to alight a fire in the night on the top thereof for guyde and direction to the shyppes that came to take port there Thys Tower according to the most great opinion was builded by Ptolomeus Philodelphus King of Egipt and the chiefe Archetect that made it was named Sistrates as we are certified by Plinie in his fiue and thirty Booke Caesar in his Comentaries greatly commendeth the height worke of thys Tower and sayth it was called Pharos taking name of the Ile so saith Amianus Marcellinus in his first booke treating of the Historie of thys Tower and Solinus in his Polyhistor in the end of the thirty foure Chapter that al Towers which were made afterward were named Pharos after this one as was the Pharos of Messina and else where Againe I thinke that the fires which are ordinarily carried in Ships to guide them in the night from others by thys occasion are named Pharos Thus thys Tower is the last of these seauen VVonders albeit that by many it is not placed among the number of them but in sted thereof is named the high grounded Gardens of Babilon whereof already wee haue spoken Lactantius Firmianus holdeth so saith that these Gardens were vppon the Arches and Towers admirable in greatnes with a number of Fountaines the forme of which building is amply set downe by Diodorus the Scicilian Caelio the Rhodian discoursing on the seauen Wonders agrees not that this seauenth is the Tower of Pharos or the high hanging Gardens but the Obelisque of Semiramis which was made after the same fashion and structure of the Piramides for it began so in a Quadrangle and finished in a sharpe point nor was there any difference between the Obelisque and the Piramides but that the Obelisque was onely of one peece and therfore could be nothing so high as the Piramides It is found written that certaine of them were so great as Towers and of a very faire stone there is one at this day in Rome named Caesars Needle which was brought out of Egipt and is a very meruailous thing to beholde as well for the greatnesse and to consider the manner howe it was brought thether Of the Obelisque of Semiramis which Caelio as I haue said numbreth amongst the seauen Meruailes it is iustified in wryting that it was an hundred fifty foote high as also four and twenty foote broade in a quadrangle so that the whole compasse thereof was ninety foote And this stone so beeing whole sound was taken from the Mountaines in Armenia and by the commaundement of Semiramis brought into Babilon Caldea but in trueth when we consider how it was drawne carried and lifted vp it seemeth altogether a matter incredible if the tymes of antiquitie had not like thinges or more strange whereof we are truely certified by Authours worthy of credite and other very great Obelisques which the

Kings of Egipt cause to be made Plinie in his sixt booke eyght and ninth chapters shewes the maner of drawing these stones forth of the Quarries and Mines of stone Of these Piramides Obelisques Statues and Colosses maketh mention the learned Polyphius in the beginning of his Hypne-rotomachia Of the great Treasure found in Pouilla IN the time of Robert Gu●scardo in Pouilla was found a statue of Marble which had about the head in manner of a Garlande a circle of brasse wherein was engrauen these Latine wordes Calendis Maii oriente Sole aurum caput habebo Which is to say In the Calends of Maie at the rising of the Sunne I shall haue a heade of golde Robert searched long to know the signification of these words yet coulde hee not find any one to instruct him in the true vnderstanding vntill at last there was a Sara●en well skilled in the Magique Arte being prisoner to Robert hauing ●st demaunded his liberty in recompence of the interpretation he offered todisclose the wordes written on the statue His deliueraunce being graunted by the Duke Guyscardo he declared them in this manner to wit On the day of the Calendes of May at the rysing of the Sun he obserued and marked the place where the shadow of the statues heade finished on the ground and there he commaunded thē to dig very deepe by which meanes should be vnderstoode the meaning of the word Robert caused a deepe digging to bee made in the appointed place where in little while was discouered and founde a mightie masse of Treasure which gaue him good principall ayde in his meruailous enterprises And for the Saracen beside other recōpences he receiued of Robert the recouery of his liberty was the most ioyfull thing which in al the world could happen to him These three last discourses were translated out of the diuers Lessons of Pierre Messie and Antonie du Verdier Sieur de Vaupriuaz An aduertisement to the Reader A Man can hardly haue knowledge of the estate of the Romaine Empire nor lykewise of the Kingdomes Signories and principalities that are in Greece and Asia vnlesse he vnderstande their moneyes manners and behauiour in speech which hath bred heer-to-fore a generall error and confusion For they that haue written an hundred times Sestertiaes meant and signified an hundred times an hundred thousand Sestertiaes the which custome and kinde of speeche hath brought the Interpreters and Translatours of good Authours since within a thousande yeeres into great doubt and errour There were some that imagined and thought them to be the same indeede and therfore spake thereof indifferently others there were that either vnderstood them not or else could not comprehend thē and so by reason of their weakenes doubting there hath ensued very great disference and alteration But the verie trueth is that this manner of speech came in vse by abbreuiation of the language for when they woulde signifie a great sum to cut short the word they would say an hundred times Sestertiaes in sted of saying an hundred times an hundred thousand Sestertiaes And foure hundred tymes Sestertiaes in sted of four hundred times an hundred thousande twelue times Sestertiaes meaning twelue thousande Sestertiaes c. To know summarily the declaration and meaning of the summes contained in the Histories I haue according to the account of Budaeus gathered the notes and abridged them as followeth to be knowen after our owne English money or after the value of the French Crownes THE As valueth foure small French Deniers not so much as an English farthing Thys As is the very least peece of coyne or currant Money that is In signification according to the Latine it is taken for a pound weight consisting of twelue ounces In diuision of solid thinges as of Lande or inheritance it is likewise takē for the whole part or portion There is required sixe Sextans to make or value an As. A Sextan is a coyne lesse then that which is called a Quadran by the third part It likewise is a certaine poyse or weight being two ounces after some called Obolus after other the sixt part of a pound It is the sixt part of any measure summe or quantity that is deuided into 12. parts It is somtime likewise taken for 2. inches Also the sixt parte of Iugerum which is so much grounde as one yoke of Oxen wyll eare in a day It containes in length two hundred and forty foote and in bredth one hundred and twenty foote which multiplied riseth to 28800. It may bee vsed for our English Acre of grounde which neuerthelesse containeth more c. or for a furlong Obolus is also a small peece of Coyne but variable according to the Coūtry in France it is a little brasse peece the sixt parte of a Souse with vs in England it is a half-penny Yet Iunius taketh it for a penny and farthing of our money It is also a weight containing three Carrets that is halfe a Scruple It is sometime vsed as Obolus terrae fyue foote in breadth and tenne in length which containes siftie foote square A Quadran in coyne is a brasen piece called Triunx or Teruntius the fourteenth part of Denarius or as wee in England count the fourth parte of a penny which is our farthing It is the fourth part of an As that is three ounces and a quarter Also the fourth part of any nūber or measure or three inches It is vsed diuers waies as Quadrans operae Col the fourth part of a daies work Ex quadrante haeredem facere Ulpian to make heire of the fourth part Quadrans vini Cels. sixe ounces of Wine after Budaeus After Physitians foure ounces and a halfe Four Quadrans or Quadrins value an As. The Libella or little booke as it is tearmed is a coyne likewise valuing one As. Of this coyne there were two sorts one the tenth part of Sestertius another the tenth part of Denarius Of English money it is no more thē three farthings It is taken some time for a pound weight Sesquiobolus valueth not halfe a Souse french It is diuersly taken in other Countreyes but in England it is likewise no more then three farthings Also it is a poyse containing three parts of a Scruple The little Sestertius valueth ten Deniers a halfe This coyne was among the Romaines whereof Denarius contained foure and is so called quasi Semitertius for it contained two and a halfe of the brasen coyne called As and is marked with this figure H. S. Of English money it is estimated woorth two pence I meane the little Sestertius The Drachma valueth three french Souses or Sols whereof there be three-score in a French Crowne It is otherwise called three Shillings and sixe pence of this peece there is mention made in the Gospell of S. Mathew This Drachma is a coyne figured with a Bullocke counterpoysing an olde sterling Groate of eyght pence to the ounce It was diuersly taken by the name of Solidus