Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	good_a	love_n	love_v	4,903	5	6.7044	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57355	The arts of empire and mysteries of state discabineted in political and polemical aphorisms, grounded on authority and experience, and illustrated with the choicest examples and historical observations / by the ever-renowned knight, Sir Walter Raleigh ; published by John Milton, Esq.; Cabinet-council	Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618.; Milton, John, 1608-1674.	1692 (1692)	Wing R155; ESTC R20812	78,456	250

persuasion_n and_o consequent_o easy_o transport_v by_o seditious_a leader_n man_n be_v natural_o dispose_v to_o fear_v those_o thing_n which_o threaten_v danger_n and_o terror_n yet_o unless_o these_o peril_n by_o some_o new_a accident_n be_v daily_o revive_v that_o fear_v by_o little_a and_o little_o vanish_v and_o security_n recover_v the_o place_n whoso_o find_v himself_o contemn_v or_o not_o respect_v become_v discontent_n which_o humour_n in_o generous_a mind_n breed_v oftentimes_o adventurous_a imagination_n whereof_o audacious_a attempt_n have_v follow_v chief_o in_o person_n of_o authority_n and_o reputation_n for_o he_o that_o hope_v no_o good_a fear_v no_o evil_a yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o dangerous_a enterprise_n the_o more_o they_o be_v think_v upon_o the_o less_o hope_n they_o give_v of_o good_a success_n for_o which_o reason_n conspiracy_n not_o sudden_o execute_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n reveal_v or_o abandon_v all_o people_n do_v natural_o imitate_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o observe_v his_o proceed_n resolve_v to_o hate_n or_o love_v he_o but_o if_o they_o happen_v once_o to_o hate_n the_o prince_n than_o his_o do_n good_a or_o evil_a be_v afterward_o not_o good_a but_o if_o at_o the_o beginning_n he_o gain_v the_o love_n of_o the_o people_n than_o every_o bad_a action_n be_v repute_v a_o virtue_n as_o though_o he_o can_v not_o be_v induce_v to_o do_v amiss_o without_o good_a cause_n or_o reason_n great_o be_v prince_n deceive_v if_o in_o the_o election_n of_o minister_n they_o more_o respect_v their_o own_o particular_a affection_n than_o the_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o person_n elect_v a_o prince_n have_v conquer_v any_o new_a dominion_n be_v thereby_o rather_o encumber_a than_o strengthen_v unless_o the_o same_o be_v after_o well_o govern_v and_o seldom_o be_v it_o see_v that_o a_o principality_n by_o ill_a mean_n get_v have_v be_v long_o enjoy_v as_o to_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n soundness_n of_o head_n only_o suffice_v not_o unless_o the_o other_o member_n also_o do_v their_o office_n even_o so_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o that_o a_o prince_n be_v faultless_a but_o it_o behove_v also_o that_o the_o magistrate_n and_o minister_n shall_v perform_v their_o duty_n great_a prince_n rare_o resist_v their_o appetite_n as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n private_a man_n can_v for_o they_o be_v always_o honour_v and_o obey_v do_v seldom_o with_o patience_n endure_v the_o want_n of_o any_o thing_n reasonable_a as_o be_v persuade_v that_o what_o they_o desire_v be_v just_a and_o that_o their_o commandment_n have_v power_n to_o remove_v all_o difficulty_n all_o man_n be_v natural_o mart._n good_a when_o no_o respect_n of_o profit_n or_o pleasure_n draw_v they_o to_o become_v evil._n but_o this_o world_n corruption_n and_o our_o frailty_n be_v such_o as_o easy_o and_o often_o for_o our_o particular_a interest_n we_o incline_v to_o the_o worst_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o wise_a lawmaker_n find_v out_o reward_n and_o punishment_n the_o one_o to_o incite_v man_n to_o good_a the_o other_o to_o fear_v they_o from_o be_v evil._n a_o tyrant_n indeavore_v to_o maintain_v his_o estate_n by_o three_o mean_n first_o he_o practise_v to_o hold_v all_o subject_n in_o extreme_a awe_n and_o to_o be_v base_o mind_v to_o the_o end_n they_o shall_v want_v courage_n to_o take_v arm_n against_o he_o second_o he_o kindle_v diffidence_n and_o discord_n among_o the_o great_a man_n thereby_o to_o remove_v occasion_n of_o conspiracy_n and_o combination_n last_o he_o hold_v they_o disarmed_a and_o idle_a so_o as_o they_o neither_o know_v nor_o can_v attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o he_o to_o govern_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o hold_v subject_n in_o love_n and_o obedience_n for_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o end_n they_o ought_v not_o and_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o other_o they_o can_v attempt_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o governor_n will_n and_o their_o duty_n the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o a_o commonweal_n make_v at_o the_o beginning_n thereof_o when_o man_n be_v good_a do_v often_o prove_v unprofitable_a when_o they_o be_v become_v evil_a and_o therefore_o new_a law_n be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o accident_n which_o happen_v the_o discontent_n and_o disorder_n of_o people_n be_v ever_o occasion_v by_o the_o inequality_n of_o their_o good_n because_o the_o poor_a sort_n will_v be_v make_v equal_a to_o the_o rich_a but_o the_o offence_n that_o grow_v among_o great_a man_n be_v the_o desire_n of_o honour_n for_o they_o be_v equal_a do_v endeavour_n to_o aspire_v to_o equal_a authority_n a_o prince_n that_o desire_v by_o mean_n of_o his_o ambassador_n to_o deceive_v any_o other_o prince_n must_v first_o abuse_v his_o own_o ambassador_n to_o the_o end_n he_o shall_v do_v and_o speak_v with_o more_o earnestness_n be_v indeed_o persuade_v that_o the_o intent_n and_o mean_v of_o his_o master_n be_v simple_a which_o happy_o will_v not_o be_v he_o privy_a that_o his_o prince_n mean_v be_v to_o dissemble_v this_o course_n be_v also_o common_o hold_v by_o those_o that_o by_o employment_n of_o a_o three_o person_n will_v persuade_v any_o thing_n feign_a or_o false_a for_o the_o performance_n of_o condition_n of_o treaty_n of_o peace_n or_o league_n of_o amity_n the_o promise_n vow_n and_o oath_n of_o prince_n be_v of_o great_a effect_n and_o because_o fidelity_n in_o a_o man_n be_v not_o ever_o certain_a and_o time_n do_v daily_o offer_v occasion_n of_o variation_n there_o be_v no_o assurance_n so_o secure_a and_o good_a as_o to_o stand_v so_o prepare_v as_o the_o enemy_n may_v want_v able_a mean_n how_o to_o offend_v to_o resolve_v in_o matter_n doubtful_a or_o answer_v request_n which_o we_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o grant_v the_o least_o offensive_a way_n be_v not_o to_o use_v direct_a denial_n but_o by_o delay_n prolong_v the_o time_n and_o so_o in_o effect_n afford_v good_a expectation_n the_o old_a proverb_n say_v magistratus_fw-la virum_fw-la ostendit_fw-la which_o be_v no_o less_o true_a than_o ancient_n for_o man_n in_o such_o fortune_n be_v occasion_v not_o only_o to_o make_v proof_n of_o their_o sufficiency_n but_o also_o to_o discover_v their_o affection_n and_o the_o more_o their_o greatness_n be_v the_o less_o respect_n they_o have_v to_o contain_v those_o passion_n which_o be_v natural_a albeit_o great_a trouble_n and_o continual_a adversity_n seem_v insupportable_a yet_o be_v there_o nothing_o more_o dangerous_a than_o overmuch_o prosperity_n and_o be_v press_v by_o new_a appetite_n they_o disturb_v their_o own_o security_n in_o speak_v of_o occurrent_n doubtful_a it_o be_v always_o wisdom_n to_o feign_v ignorance_n or_o at_o least_o allege_v that_o we_o believe_v they_o not_o for_o most_o common_o they_o be_v utter_o untrue_a or_o far_o other_o than_o vulgar_o be_v believe_v the_o action_n of_o man_n be_v common_o like_v or_o disallow_v according_a to_o the_o bad_a or_o good_a success_n attribute_v that_o to_o council_n which_o sometime_o be_v due_a to_o fortune_n the_o multitude_n of_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v more_o please_v with_o sudden_a than_o slow_a resolution_n and_o many_o time_n account_v those_o enterprise_n generous_a which_o be_v rash_o and_o inconsiderate_o attempt_v great_a difference_n there_o be_v between_o subject_n desperate_a and_o other_o which_o be_v only_o discontent_v for_o the_o one_o desire_v nothing_o but_o present_a alteration_n which_o they_o endeavour_v with_o all_o hazard_n the_o other_o wish_v for_o innovation_n incite_v any_o motion_n or_o practice_n because_o their_o intent_n be_v to_o attend_v time_n and_o that_o occasion_n may_v present_v itself_o a_o benefit_n bestow_v on_o he_o who_o think_v himself_o great_o injure_v do_v not_o suffice_v to_o raze_v the_o same_o out_o of_o his_o memory_n chief_o if_o the_o benefit_n be_v give_v at_o such_o time_n as_o no_o mere_a motion_n but_o necessity_n may_v seem_v the_o occasion_n thereof_o that_o peace_n ought_v to_o be_v desire_v which_o remove_v suspicion_n which_o assure_v we_o from_o peril_n which_o bring_v quiet_a certain_a and_o acquit_v we_o of_o expense_n but_o when_o it_o work_v contrary_a effect_n it_o may_v be_v call_v a_o dangerous_a war_n cover_v with_o the_o name_n of_o deceitful_a trust_n not_o unlike_o a_o perilous_a poison_n minister_v in_o lieu_n of_o a_o wholesome_a medicine_n the_o effect_n of_o thing_n and_o not_o external_n show_v or_o seem_v aught_o to_o be_v regard_v yet_o it_o be_v credible_a what_o great_a grace_n be_v gain_v by_o courteous_a speech_n and_o affability_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v as_o i_o suppose_v that_o every_o man_n believe_v he_o do_v merit_n more_o than_o indeed_o he_o be_v worthy_a and_o consequent_o hold_v himself_o injure_v whensoever_o he_o find_v man_n not_o to_o afford_v he_o like_o estimation_n man_n ought_v in_o any_o wise_a to_o refrain_v to_o do_v or_o say_v any_o thing_n which_o may_v offend_v for_o

change_v their_o fortune_n for_o the_o mean_a course_n prove_v dangerous_a example_n the_o latin_n be_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o camillus_n overcome_v yield_v themselves_o to_o endure_v what_o punishment_n it_o please_v the_o roman_n to_o inflict_v a_o ingenious_a and_o magnanimous_a answer_n be_v make_v unto_o wise_a magistrate_n do_v oft_o obtain_v both_o pardon_n and_o grace_n example_n when_o the_o privernates_n have_v rebel_v and_o be_v by_o force_n constrain_v to_o return_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o roman_n they_o send_v certain_a of_o the_o city_n unto_o rome_n to_o desire_v pardon_n who_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o senate_n one_o of_o the_o senator_n ask_v the_o privernates_n what_o punishment_n themselves_o do_v think_v they_o have_v deserve_v the_o same_o quoth_v they_o which_o man_n live_v in_o freedom_n think_v they_o be_v worthy_a of_o whereto_o the_o consul_n thus_o reply_v quid_fw-la si_fw-la poenam_fw-la remittimus_fw-la qualem_fw-la nos_fw-la patem_fw-la vobiscum_fw-la habituros_fw-la speremus_fw-la the_o privernates_n answer_v si_fw-mi bonam_fw-la dederitis_fw-la &_o fidelem_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la si_fw-la malam_fw-la haud_fw-la diuturnam_fw-la which_o answer_n be_v think_v to_o proceed_v from_o generous_a man_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o only_o pardon_v but_o also_o honour_v and_o receive_v into_o the_o number_n of_o the_o roman_a citizen_n all_o castle_n fortress_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n be_v make_v for_o defence_n either_o against_o the_o enemy_n or_o subject_n in_o the_o first_o case_n they_o be_v not_o necessary_a in_o the_o second_o dangerous_a for_o thereby_o the_o prince_n may_v at_o his_o pleasure_n take_v occasion_n to_o insult_v upon_o the_o subject_a when_o much_o more_o seemly_a he_o may_v settle_v his_o estate_n upon_o the_o love_n and_o good_a affection_n of_o men._n example_n the_o castle_n of_o milan_n make_v by_o duke_n francisco_n sforza_n incite_v his_o heir_n to_o become_v insolent_a and_o consequent_o they_o become_v odious_a which_o be_v also_o the_o cause_n that_o so_o soon_o as_o that_o city_n be_v assault_v the_o enemy_n with_o facility_n do_v possess_v it_o that_o prince_n or_o potentate_n which_o build_v his_o severity_n rather_o upon_o the_o trust_v he_o have_v in_o fortress_n than_o the_o love_n of_o man_n shall_v be_v deceive_v for_o no_o place_n be_v so_o strong_a as_o can_v long_o defend_v itself_o unless_o by_o the_o love_n and_o aid_n of_o man_n it_o be_v in_o time_n of_o necessity_n succour_v example_n pope_n julio_n have_v draw_v the_o bentivoli_n out_o of_o bologna_n build_v there_o a_o strong_a castle_n the_o governor_n thereof_o rob_v the_o people_n and_o they_o therewith_o grieve_v in_o a_o short_a time_n take_v the_o castle_n from_o he_o so_o after_o the_o revolt_n of_o genoa_n lewis_n the_o twelve_o come_v to_o the_o recovery_n thereof_o and_o build_v there_o the_o strong_a fortification_n of_o italy_n as_o well_o for_o sight_n as_o the_o circumstance_n inexpugnable_a nevertheless_o the_o citizen_n rebel_v and_o within_o sixteen_o month_n the_o french_a be_v force_v to_o yield_v the_o castle_n and_o government_n to_o octavio_n fragosa_n to_o build_v fort_n upon_o place_n of_o strength_n either_o for_o defence_n of_o our_o own_o or_o to_o hold_v that_o which_o be_v take_v from_o other_o have_v ever_o prove_v to_o small_a purpose_n example_n the_o roman_n have_v suppress_v the_o rebellion_n of_o the_o latin_n and_o privernates_n albeit_o they_o be_v people_n warlike_a and_o lover_n of_o liberty_n yet_o to_o keep_v they_o subject_a build_v there_o no_o castle_n nor_o other_o place_n fortify_v and_o the_o lacedaemonian_n do_v not_o only_o forbear_v to_o fortify_v the_o town_n they_o conquer_v but_o also_o leave_v their_o chief_a city_n of_o sparta_n unwall_v the_o necessity_n or_o use_v of_o fortification_n be_v only_o upon_o frontier_n or_o such_o principal_a place_n where_o prince_n make_v their_o habitation_n to_o the_o end_n the_o fury_n of_o sudden_a assault_n may_v be_v stay_v and_o time_n for_o succour_n entertain_v otherwise_o example_n the_o castle_n of_o milan_n be_v make_v to_o hold_v the_o state_n in_o obedience_n can_v not_o so_o do_v either_o for_o the_o house_n of_o sforza_n or_o france_n guido_n ubaldo_n duke_n of_o velin_n drive_v from_o his_o dominion_n by_o caesar_n borgia_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o recover_v his_o country_n cause_v all_o the_o fort_n to_o be_v demolish_v for_o by_o experience_n he_o find_v the_o love_n of_o man_n be_v the_o sure_a defence_n and_o that_o fortification_n prevail_v no_o less_o against_o he_o than_o for_o he_o the_o cause_n of_o division_n and_o faction_n in_o every_o commonweal_n proceed_v most_o common_o of_o idleness_n and_o peace_n and_o that_o which_o unit_v be_v fear_n and_o war._n example_n the_o vejenti_fw-la and_o elinsci_fw-la have_v intelligence_n of_o great_a contention_n between_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o rome_n think_v that_o a_o fit_a opportunity_n to_o oppress_v the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o but_o the_o roman_n inform_v of_o such_o a_o intention_n appease_v all_o domestic_a anger_n and_o by_o the_o valour_n of_o their_o arm_n conduct_v by_o gn._n manlius_n and_o m._n fabius_n defeat_v the_o enemy_n force_n the_o mean_n to_o usurp_v a_o estate_n disjoint_v be_v first_o before_o arm_n be_v take_v to_o become_v as_o it_o be_v a_o arbitrator_n or_o a_o friend_n indifferent_a and_o after_o arm_n be_v take_v then_o to_o send_v moderate_a aid_n to_o the_o weak_a side_n as_o well_o to_o entertain_v the_o war_n between_o the_o faction_n as_o also_o to_o consume_v the_o strength_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o yet_o in_o no_o wise_a to_o employ_v any_o great_a force_n for_o thereby_o either_o party_n may_v discover_v the_o intent_n to_o suppress_v they_o example_n the_o city_n of_o pistoia_n fall_v into_o division_n the_o florentine_n take_v occasion_n sometime_o to_o favour_v the_o one_o and_o sometime_o the_o other_o that_o in_o the_o end_n both_o side_n weary_a of_o the_o war_n voluntary_o yield_v to_o their_o devotion_n philippo_n viscount_n hope_v sundry_a time_n by_o occasion_n of_o faction_n to_o oppress_v the_o florentine_n do_v often_o assault_v they_o with_o great_a force_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o they_o become_v reunite_v and_o consequent_o the_o duke_n deceive_v of_o his_o expectation_n a_o great_a wisdom_n it_o be_v to_o refrain_v opprobrious_a and_o injurious_a speech_n for_o as_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o can_v any_o whit_n decrease_v the_o enemy_n force_n so_o do_v it_o move_v he_o to_o great_a hate_n and_o more_o desire_n to_o offend_v example_n gabide_v a_o general_n of_o the_o persian_n have_v long_o besiege_v amida_n become_v weary_a and_o prepare_v to_o abandon_v the_o enterprise_n raise_v his_o camp_n which_o they_o of_o the_o city_n behold_v begin_v to_o revile_v the_o persian_n and_o from_o the_o wall_n reprove_v they_o of_o cowardice_n which_o undiscreet_a word_n so_o high_o offend_v gabide_v as_o thereupon_o he_o resolve_v to_o continue_v the_o siege_n and_o within_o few_o day_n win_v the_o city_n tiberius_n gracchus_n appoint_v captain_n of_o certain_a band_n of_o man_n who_o for_o want_v of_o other_o soldier_n the_o roman_n entertain_v proclaim_v in_o his_o camp_n that_o no_o man_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n shall_v contumelious_o call_v any_o soldier_n slave_n either_o in_o earnest_n or_o jest._n nam_fw-la facetiae_fw-la asperae_fw-la quando_fw-la nimium_fw-la ex_fw-la vero_fw-la traxere_fw-la acrem_fw-la svi_fw-la memoriam_fw-la relinquunt_fw-la likewise_o alexander_n the_o great_a have_v conquer_v well_o near_o all_o the_o east_n bring_v his_o force_n before_o tyre_n they_o fear_v alexander_n fury_n offer_v upon_o honourable_a consideration_n to_o yield_v he_o obedience_n only_o require_v that_o neither_o he_o nor_o any_o of_o his_o force_n shall_v enter_v the_o city_n which_o motion_n after_o four_o month_n alexander_n accept_v and_o so_o signify_v by_o his_o ambassador_n who_o arrive_v at_o tyre_n be_v by_o the_o proud_a citizen_n slay_v whereat_o alexander_n grow_v into_o choler_n and_o be_v ready_a to_o forsake_v the_o siege_n stay_v his_o force_n and_o in_o the_o end_n sack_v the_o city_n and_o put_v the_o people_n to_o the_o sword_n a_o prince_n or_o any_o other_o state_n be_v assault_v by_o a_o enemy_n of_o far_o more_o puissance_n than_o himself_o ought_v not_o to_o refuse_v any_o honourable_a composition_n chief_o when_o they_o be_v offer_v for_o no_o condition_n can_v be_v so_o base_a but_o shall_v in_o some_o sort_n turn_n to_o advantage_n and_o honour_n of_o he_o that_o accept_v they_o example_n anno_fw-la 1512._o certain_a florentine_n procure_v great_a force_n of_o spaniard_n to_o come_v thither_o as_o well_o to_o reposess_v the_o medici_n then_o banish_v as_o also_o to_o sack_v the_o city_n promise_v that_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o army_n of_o spain_n do_v come_v into_o the_o florentine_a dominion_n the_o faction_n of_o medici_n will_v be_v ready_a

to_o the_o other_o his_o greatness_n can_v long_o continue_v for_o albeit_o a_o matter_n of_o no_o difficulty_n it_o be_v to_o persuade_v a_o people_n yet_o to_o make_v they_o constant_a be_v a_o work_n well_o near_o impossible_a example_n theseus_n cyrus_n romulus_n the_o second_o sort_n of_o new_a prince_n be_v such_o as_o be_v aspire_v by_o favor_n or_o corruption_n or_o by_o the_o virtue_n or_o greatness_n of_o fortune_n or_o friend_n a_o prince_n by_o any_o or_o all_o these_o mean_n advance_v and_o desirous_a to_o hold_v his_o estate_n must_v endeavour_n by_o his_o own_o virtue_n to_o maintain_v himself_o without_o depend_v upon_o any_o other_o which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o this_o mean_n first_o to_o assure_v all_o enemy_n from_o offend_v second_o to_o win_v the_o love_n and_o friendship_n of_o so_o many_o neighbour_n as_o possible_o he_o may_v three_o to_o compass_v all_o design_n tend_v to_o his_o honour_n or_o profit_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o pass_v either_o by_o fraud_n or_o force_n four_o to_o make_v himself_o honour_v and_o follow_v of_o captain_n and_o soldier_n five_o to_o oppress_v all_o those_o that_o will_v or_o can_v offend_v six_o to_o be_v obsequious_a and_o liberal_a to_o friend_n magnanimous_a and_o terrible_a to_o foe_n seven_o to_o cass_n all_o old_a and_o unfaithful_a band_n and_o entertain_v new_a eight_o to_o hold_v such_o amity_n with_o king_n and_o prince_n as_o they_o ought_v reasonable_o to_o favour_v he_o or_o else_o they_o will_v offend_v easy_o they_o can_v example_n giovannio_n torrigiani_n caesar_n borgi_n the_o three_o and_o last_o mean_n whereby_o private_a person_n do_v aspire_v to_o principality_n be_v not_o force_n and_o violence_n but_o mere_a good_a will_n and_o favor_n of_o men._n the_o cause_n or_o occasion_n thereof_o be_v only_a virtue_n or_o fortune_n or_o at_o least_o a_o certain_a fortunate_a craft_n and_o wittiness_n because_o he_o aspire_v either_o by_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o favour_n of_o the_o nobility_n for_o these_o contrary_a humour_n be_v in_o all_o commonwealth_n to_o be_v find_v and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v that_o the_o great_a man_n do_v ever_o endeavour_v to_o oppress_v the_o people_n and_o the_o people_n do_v labour_v not_o to_o be_v oppress_v by_o they_o of_o these_o divers_a appetite_n one_o of_o these_o three_o effect_n do_v proceed_v viz._n principality_n liberty_n or_o licentious_a life_n principality_n may_v come_v either_o by_o love_n of_o the_o multitude_n or_o of_o the_o great_a man_n for_o when_o any_o of_o these_o faction_n do_v find_v itself_o oppress_v then_o do_v they_o soon_o consent_v to_o make_v one_o a_o prince_n hope_v by_o his_o virtue_n and_o valour_n to_o be_v defend_v example_n francisco_n sforza_n alessandro_n de_fw-fr medici_n a_o prince_n in_o this_o sort_n aspire_v to_o maintain_v his_o estate_n must_v first_o consider_v well_o by_o which_o of_o these_o faction_n aforesaid_a he_o be_v advance_v for_o if_o by_o favour_n of_o great_a man_n he_o be_v aspire_v then_o must_v he_o meet_v with_o many_o difficulty_n for_o have_v about_o he_o divers_a person_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o such_o as_o be_v but_o late_o his_o equal_n hardly_o shall_v he_o command_v they_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o behove_v but_o if_o the_o prince_n be_v advance_v by_o the_o people_n few_o or_o none_o shall_v hardly_o disobey_v he_o so_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o prince_n make_v by_o the_o multitude_n be_v much_o more_o secure_a than_o he_o who_o the_o nobility_n prefer_v for_o common_a people_n do_v not_o desire_v to_o enjoy_v more_o than_o their_o own_o and_o to_o be_v defend_v from_o oppression_n but_o great_a man_n do_v study_v not_o only_o to_o hold_v their_o own_o but_o also_o to_o command_v and_o insult_v upon_o inferior_n note_v that_o all_o monarchy_n be_v principality_n but_o all_o principality_n be_v not_o monarchy_n chap._n vii_o of_o council_n and_o counsellor_n in_o general_n a_o senate_n or_o council_n be_v a_o certain_a lawful_a assembly_n of_o counsellor_n to_o give_v advice_n to_o he_o or_o they_o that_o have_v in_o the_o commonweal_n power_n sovereign_a a_o counsellor_n be_v call_v in_o the_o latin_a senator_n which_o word_n signify_v in_o effect_n a_o old_a man_n the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n also_o most_o common_o compose_v their_o council_n of_o ancient_a and_o expert_a person_n for_o if_o they_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v be_v young_a man_n than_o may_v the_o council_n have_v more_o proper_o be_v call_v a_o juvenate_n than_o a_o senate_n the_o chief_a and_o most_o necessary_a note_n require_v in_o a_o counsellor_n be_v to_o have_v no_o dependence_n of_o any_o other_o prince_n or_o commonweal_n either_o oath_n homage_n natural_a obligation_n pension_n or_o reward_n in_o this_o point_n the_o venetian_n have_v be_v ever_o most_o precise_a and_o for_o that_o reason_n do_v not_o admit_v any_o cardinal_n or_o other_o clergyman_n to_o be_v either_o of_o or_o at_o their_o council_n therefore_o when_o the_o venetian_a senate_n be_v assemble_v the_o usher_n be_v ready_a to_o shut_v the_o door_n cry_v aloud_o fuora_n preti_n depart_v priest_n note_v also_o that_o in_o every_o state_n of_o what_o quality_n soever_o a_o secret_a or_o cabinet-council_n be_v main_o necessary_a chap._n viii_o of_o council_n in_o some_o particular_a monarchy_n aristocraty_n and_o democraty_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n for_o the_o government_n of_o his_o dominion_n have_v seven_o council_n viz._n the_o council_n of_o the_o indies_n the_o council_n of_o spain_n the_o council_n of_o italy_n and_o the_o low_a country_n the_o council_n of_o war_n the_o council_n of_o order_n the_o council_n of_o inquisition_n and_o the_o council_n royal._n in_o france_n be_v three_o council_n viz._n the_o council_n privy_a the_o council_n of_o judge_n which_o they_o call_v president_n et_fw-fr conceliers_n de_fw-fr parliament_n and_o the_o great_a council_n which_o they_o call_v assembly_n du_fw-ge troy'_v estate_n of_o council_n in_o aristocraty_n in_o venice_n beside_o the_o senate_n and_o great_a council_n be_v four_o council_n viz._n the_o sage_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o sage_n of_o the_o land_n the_o council_n of_o tenn_n the_o three_o precedent_n of_o quarantia_n and_o the_o senate_n all_o which_o council_n do_v amount_v to_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o person_n with_o the_o magistrate_n the_o great_a council_n of_o ragusa_n consist_v of_o sixty_o person_n and_o have_v another_o privy_a council_n of_o twelve_o of_o council_n in_o democraty_n genova_n have_v three_o council_n the_o great_a council_n of_o two_o hundred_o the_o senate_n which_o consist_v of_o sixty_o and_o the_o privy_a council_n which_o have_v twenty_o six_o counsellor_n so_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o in_o all_o commonwealth_n be_v they_o monarchy_n aristocracy_n or_o popular_a state_n the_o council-privy_a be_v most_o necessary_a and_o often_o use_v also_o this_o difference_n be_v to_o be_v note_v between_o the_o council_n in_o monarchy_n and_o the_o council_n in_o aristocracy_n and_o state_n popular_a that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o all_o deliberation_n fit_a to_o be_v publish_v be_v in_o a_o monarchy_n consult_v and_o resolve_v upon_o in_o the_o council_n privy_a and_o after_o ratify_v by_o common_a council_n but_o in_o optimacy_n or_o popular_a government_n the_o custom_n be_v contrary_a here_o also_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o albeit_o the_o use_v and_o authority_n of_o every_o senate_n a_o privy_a council_n be_v most_o needful_a yet_o have_v it_o no_o authority_n to_o command_v but_o in_o the_o name_n of_o those_o in_o who_o the_o sovereignty_n rest_v for_o if_o counsellor_n have_v power_n to_o command_v absolute_o then_o shall_v they_o be_v sovereign_n and_o consequent_o all_o execution_n at_o their_o pleasure_n which_o may_v not_o be_v without_o detract_n from_o majesty_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n so_o sovereign_a and_o sacred_a as_o no_o citizen_n or_o subject_n of_o what_o quality_n soever_o may_v touch_v or_o approach_v thereunto_o chap._n ix_o of_o officer_n and_o commissioner_n with_o their_o respective_a distinction_n a_o officer_n be_v a_o person_n public_a that_o have_v charge_v ordinary_a and_o limit_v by_o law_n a_o commissioner_n be_v also_o a_o person_n public_a but_o his_o charge_n be_v extraordinary_a and_o limit_v by_o commission_n officer_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n and_o so_o be_v commissioner_n the_o one_o have_v power_n to_o command_v and_o be_v call_v magistrate_n the_o other_o have_v authority_n to_o execute_v so_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v person_n public_a yet_o be_v not_o all_o public_a person_n either_o officer_n or_o commissioner_n commissioner_n be_v ordain_v to_o govern_v in_o province_n in_o war_n in_o justice_n in_o dispose_v the_o treasure_n or_o some_o other_o function_n concern_v the_o state_n but_o all_o commission_n do_v spring_n and_o proceed_v from_o the_o sovereign_n magistrate_n and_o commissioner_n and_o here_o be_v

but_o otherwise_o he_o be_v to_o work_v that_o seek_v occasion_n to_o break_v and_o to_o become_v a_o enemy_n to_o one_o or_o more_o of_o his_o neighbour_n if_o he_o do_v desire_n to_o live_v peaceable_o withal_o than_o he_o be_v to_o observe_v these_o rule_n viz._n first_o to_o hold_v and_o continue_v firm_o all_o contract_n and_o capitulation_n second_o to_o show_v himself_o resolve_v neither_o to_o offer_v nor_o take_v the_o least_o touch_n of_o wrong_n or_o injury_n three_o with_o all_o care_n and_o favour_n to_o further_a commerce_n and_o reciproke_n traffic_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o increase_v of_o the_o prince_n revenue_n four_o covert_o to_o win_v so_o great_a confidence_n with_o neighbour_n as_o in_o all_o action_n of_o unkindness_n among_o they_o he_o may_v be_v make_v umpire_n five_o to_o become_v so_o well_o believe_v with_o they_o as_o he_o may_v remove_v such_o diffidence_n as_o grow_v to_o his_o own_o disadvantage_n six_o not_o to_o deny_v protection_n or_o aid_n to_o they_o that_o be_v the_o weak_a and_o chief_o such_o as_o do_v and_o will_v endure_v his_o fortune_n last_o in_o favour_v aid_v and_o protect_v unless_o necessity_n shall_v otherwise_o so_o require_v to_o do_v it_o moderate_o so_o as_o they_o who_o be_v to_o be_v aid_v become_v not_o jealous_a and_o consequent_o seek_v adherency_n elsewhere_o which_o ofttimes_o have_v open_v way_n to_o other_o neighbour_n that_o desire_v a_o like_a occasion_n how_o to_o prevent_v their_o design_n this_o point_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v with_o great_a diligence_n to_o be_v look_v unto_o also_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n to_o prevent_v all_o occasion_n that_o may_v kindle_v war_n be_v behoveful_a for_o to_o foresee_v what_o may_v happen_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o a_o prince_n profit_n or_o reputation_n be_v a_o part_n of_o great_a wisdom_n the_o mean_n to_o attain_v the_o intelligence_n of_o these_o thing_n be_v two_o the_o first_o be_v by_o friend_n the_o next_o by_o spial_n the_o one_o for_o the_o most_o part_n faithful_a the_o other_o not_o so_o assure_v these_o matter_n be_v well_o to_o be_v consider_v for_o albeit_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n desire_v nothing_o more_o than_o curious_o to_o know_v the_o do_n of_o other_o yet_o be_v those_o thing_n to_o be_v handle_v with_o so_o great_a secrecy_n and_o dissimulation_n as_o the_o prince_n intent_n be_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a suspect_v nor_o the_o minister_n make_v odious_a for_o these_o sometime_o to_o win_v themselves_o reputation_n do_v devise_v cause_n of_o difference_n where_o no_o need_n be_v divine_v of_o thing_n future_a which_o prove_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o their_o own_o prince_n to_o win_v confidence_n with_o neighbour_n this_o be_v chief_o attain_v unto_o by_o be_v love_v and_o honour_v for_o these_o thing_n do_v work_v so_o many_o good_a effect_n as_o daily_a experience_n suffice_v without_o any_o express_a example_n to_o prove_v they_o of_o great_a force_n the_o way_n to_o win_v love_n and_o trust_v be_v in_o all_o action_n to_o proceed_v just_o and_o sometime_o to_o wink_v at_o wrong_n or_o set_v aside_o unnecessary_a revenge_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v not_o justifiable_a or_o unfit_a to_o be_v allow_v as_o oftentimes_o it_o happen_v there_o to_o lay_v the_o blame_v upon_o the_o minister_n which_o must_v be_v perform_v with_o so_o great_a show_n of_o revenge_n and_o dissimulation_n by_o reprove_v and_o punish_v the_o minister_n as_o the_o prince_n offend_v may_v be_v satisfy_v and_o believe_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o unkindness_n proceed_v from_o thence_o now_o only_o it_o rest_v that_o somewhat_o shall_v be_v say_v touch_v provision_n to_o the_o end_n the_o people_n may_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o despair_n by_o famine_n or_o extreme_a dearth_n of_o victual_n and_o chief_o for_o want_v of_o corn_n which_o be_v one_o principal_a consideration_n to_o be_v regard_v according_a to_o the_o italian_a proverb_n pane_n in_o piazza_n giustitia_fw-la in_o palazzo_n siverezza_fw-mi per_fw-mi tutto_fw-mi whereunto_o i_o can_v wish_v every_o prince_n or_o supreme_a governor_n to_o be_v thus_o qualify_v viz._n facile_fw-la de_fw-fr audienza_fw-it non_fw-la facile_fw-la de_fw-fr credenza_fw-it desioso_fw-it de_fw-fr spedition_n essemplare_v in_o costunii_fw-la proprii_fw-la &_o inquei_fw-la de_fw-la sua_fw-la casa_fw-la tale_n chevorra_fw-la governare_fw-la e_fw-la non_fw-la esser_fw-it governato_fw-la da_fw-it altro_fw-it he_o della_fw-it raggione_fw-la chap._n xiii_o observation_n confirm_v by_o authority_n of_o prince_n and_o principality_n character_v a_o excellent_a prince_n or_o governor_n every_o good_a and_o lawful_a principality_n be_v either_o elective_a or_o successive_a of_o they_o election_n seem_v the_o more_o ancient_a but_o succession_n in_o divers_a respect_n the_o better_o minore_fw-la discrimine_fw-la sumitur_fw-la princeps_fw-la quam_fw-la quaeritur_fw-la tac._n the_o chief_a and_o only_o endeavour_v of_o every_o good_a prince_n aught_o to_o be_v the_o commodity_n and_o security_n of_o the_o subject_n as_o contrariwise_o the_o tyrant_n seek_v his_o own_o private_a profit_n with_o the_o oppression_n of_o his_o people_n civium_fw-la non_fw-la servitus_fw-la sed_fw-la tutela_fw-la tradita_fw-la est_fw-la sal._n to_o the_o perfection_n of_o every_o good_a prince_n two_o thing_n be_v necessary_o require_v viz._n prudence_n and_o virtue_n the_o one_o to_o direct_v his_o do_n the_o other_o to_o govern_v his_o life_n rex_fw-la eris_fw-la si_fw-la recte_fw-la feceris_fw-la hor._n the_o second_o care_n which_o appertain_v to_o a_o good_a prince_n be_v to_o make_v his_o subject_n like_v unto_o himself_o for_o thereby_o he_o be_v not_o only_o honour_v but_o they_o also_o the_o better_a govern_v facile_fw-la imperium_fw-la in_o bonos_fw-es plaut_n subject_n be_v make_v good_a by_o two_o mean_n viz._n by_o constraint_n of_o law_n and_o the_o prince_n example_n for_o in_o all_o estate_n the_o people_n do_v imitate_v those_o condition_n whereunto_o they_o see_v the_o prince_n incline_v quicquid_fw-la faciunt_fw-la principes_fw-la praecipere_fw-la videantur_fw-la quintil._n all_o virtue_n be_v require_v in_o a_o prince_n but_o justice_n and_o clemency_n be_v most_o necessary_a for_o justice_n be_v a_o habit_n of_o do_v thing_n just_o as_o well_o to_o himself_o as_o other_o and_o give_v to_o every_o one_o so_o much_o as_o to_o he_o appertain_v this_o be_v that_o virtue_n that_o preserve_v concord_n among_o man_n and_o whereof_o they_o be_v call_v good_a jus_n &_o acquit_v as_o vincula_fw-la civitatum_fw-la cic._n england_n it_o be_v the_o quality_n of_o this_o virtue_n also_o to_o proceed_v equal_o and_o temperate_o it_o inform_v the_o prince_n not_o to_o surcharge_n the_o subject_n with_o infinite_a law_n for_o thereof_o proceed_v the_o impoverishment_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o enrich_v of_o lawyer_n a_o kind_n of_o man_n which_o in_o age_n more_o ancient_a do_v seem_v of_o no_o necessity_n sine_fw-la causidicis_fw-la satis_fw-la foelices_fw-la olim_fw-la fuere_fw-la futur_fw-la acque_fw-la sunt_fw-la urbes_fw-la sal._n the_o next_o virtue_n require_v in_o prince_n be_v clemency_n be_v a_o inclination_n of_o the_o mind_n to_o lenity_n and_o compassion_n yet_o temper_v with_o severity_n and_o judgement_n this_o quality_n be_v fit_a for_o all_o great_a personage_n but_o chief_o prince_n because_o their_o occasion_n to_o use_v it_o be_v most_o by_o it_o also_o the_o love_n of_o man_n be_v gain_v qui_fw-la vult_fw-la regnare_fw-la languida_fw-la regnet_fw-la manu_fw-la sen._n after_o clemency_n fidelity_n be_v expect_v in_o all_o good_a prince_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a performance_n and_o observation_n of_o word_n and_o promise_n this_o virtue_n seem_v to_o accompany_v justice_n or_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o most_o fit_a for_o prince_n sanctissimum_fw-la generis_fw-la humani_fw-la bonum_fw-la liv._o as_o fidelity_n follow_v justice_n so_o do_v modesty_n accompany_v clemency_n modesty_n be_v a_o temperature_n of_o reason_n whereby_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n be_v so_o govern_v as_o neither_o in_o action_n or_o opinion_n he_o over-deemeth_a of_o himself_o or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v he_o a_o quality_n not_o common_a in_o fortunate_a folk_n and_o most_o rare_a in_o prince_n superbia_n common_a nobilitatis_fw-la malum_fw-la sal._n this_o virtue_n do_v also_o moderate_a all_o external_n demonstration_n of_o insolence_n pride_n and_o arrogance_n and_o therefore_o necessary_a to_o be_v know_v of_o prince_n and_o all_o other_o who_o favour_n or_o fortune_n have_v advance_v impone_fw-la foelicitati_fw-la tua_fw-la fraenos_fw-la facilius_fw-la illam_fw-la reges_fw-la curt._n but_o as_o prince_n be_v to_o observe_v the_o bound_n of_o modesty_n so_o may_v they_o not_o forget_v the_o majesty_n appertain_v to_o their_o supreme_a honour_n be_v a_o certain_a reverend_a greatness_n due_a to_o princely_a virtue_n and_o royal_a state_n a_o grace_n and_o gravity_n no_o less_o beseem_v a_o prince_n than_o virtue_n itself_o for_o neither_o overmuch_o familiarity_n nor_o too_o great_a austerity_n aught_o to_o be_v use_v