Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	good_a	great_a	time_n	5,928	5	3.4202	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28496	Irelands naturall history being a true and ample description of its situation, greatness, shape, and nature, of its hills, woods, heaths, bogs, of its fruitfull parts, and profitable grounds : with the severall ways of manuring and improving the same : with its heads or promontories, harbours, roads, and bays, of its springs, and fountains, brooks, rivers, loghs, of its metalls, mineralls, free-stone, marble, sea-coal, turf, and other things that are taken out of the ground : and lastly of the nature and temperature of its air and season, and what diseases it is free from or subject unto : conducing to the advancement of navigation, husbandry, and other profitable arts and professions / written by Gerald Boate ; and now published by Samuell Hartlib for the common good of Ireland and more especially for the benefit of the adventurers and planters therein.	Boate, Gerard, 1604-1650.; Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.	1657 (1657)	Wing B3373; ESTC R27215	105,129	208

find_v a_o open_a entrance_n and_o twice_o a_o day_n with_o the_o tide_n full_o flow_v into_o they_o make_v the_o water_n so_o salt_n and_o it_o will_v be_v no_o great_a error_n to_o take_v all_o those_o lough_n wherein_o that_o happen_v viz._n lough_n cone_n in_o the_o county_n of_o down_o loughfoile_n in_o the_o county_n of_o colrain_n loughsuille_a in_o tirconnell_n and_o the_o lough_n of_o cork_n rather_o for_o inlet_n of_o the_o sea_n than_o for_o lake_n although_o the_o inhabitant_n hold_v they_o all_o to_o be_v lough_n and_o give_v they_o the_o name_n of_o lough_n and_o in_o this_o number_n be_v also_o to_o be_v put_v that_o great_a lough_n betwixt_o limmerick_n and_o the_o sea_n through_o which_o the_o shanon_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v once_o or_o twice_o heretofore_o sect._n 4._o of_o lough-earne_a lough-neaugh_a and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a lough_n among_o the_o great_a lough_n of_o sweet-water_n be_v far_o the_o princpal_a lough-earne_a &_o lough-neaugh_a the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o confine_n of_o ulster_n and_o connaught_n be_v in_o effect_n two_o different_a lough_n join_v together_o only_o by_o a_o short_a and_o narrow_a channel_n of_o which_o two_o that_o which_o lie_v far_a within_o the_o land_n do_v extend_v itself_o in_o a_o manner_n direct_o north_n and_o south_n but_o the_o second_o which_o be_v next_o to_o the_o sea_n do_v lie_v east_n and_o west_n so_o that_o both_o together_o they_o have_v the_o fashion_n of_o a_o bend_a elbow_n be_v both_o very_a broad_a in_o the_o midst_n grow_v by_o degree_n narrow_a towards_o both_o the_o end_n lough-neaugh_a lie_v in_o the_o north-easter_o part_n of_o ulster_n border_v upon_o the_o county_n of_o tirone_n armagh_n down_n antrim_n and_o colrain_n be_v of_o a_o round_a or_o rather_o somewhat_o oval_a figure_n next_o in_o bigness_n to_o these_o two_o be_v lough-corbes_a the_o same_o on_o who_o neather-end_n the_o city_n galloway_n be_v seat_v the_o two_o lough_n through_o which_o the_o shanon_n pass_v lough-ree_n and_o lough-dirg_n item_n lough-fingarrow_a in_o connaught_n betwixt_o the_o county_n of_o maio_n and_o roscomen_fw-mi in_o the_o last_o place_n as_o the_o least_o of_o this_o sort_n be_v lough-allen_n out_o of_o which_o the_o shanon_n take_v his_o original_n be_v nine_o mile_n long_o and_o three_o mile_n broad_a lough-me●ke_a situate_v betwixt_o lough-fingarrow_a and_o the_o lough_n of_o galloway_n and_o lough-larne_a in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n in_o munster_n not_o far_o from_o the_o upper-end_n of_o those_o two_o famous_a bay_n dingle_n and_o more_o the_o least_o of_o these_o be_v some_o mile_n long_o and_o broad_a and_o many_o mile_n in_o circuit_n but_o the_o big_a be_v of_o so_o vast_a a_o compass_n that_o they_o be_v more_o like_o a_o sea_n than_o a_o lough_n sect._n 5._o of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o lough_n most_o of_o these_o great_a lough_n be_v very_o full_a of_o little_a land_n and_o above_o all_o lough-earne_a in_o which_o the_o same_o be_v numberless_a in_o lough-cone_n also_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o number_n that_o those_o who_o inhabit_v about_o it_o affirm_v they_o to_o be_v two_o hundred_o and_o threescore_o lough-ree_n and_o lough-dirg_n be_v likewise_o very_o full_a of_o they_o and_o there_o be_v also_o a_o good_a many_o in_o lough-fingarrow_a lough-larne_a and_o suille_n but_o loughfoile_n be_v very_o free_a from_o they_o and_o in_o the_o lough_n of_o cork_n there_o be_v not_o above_o one_o or_o two_o as_o likewise_o in_o lough-neaugh_a in_o which_o they_o lie_v near_o to_o the_o ●ides_n leave_v the_o midst_n altogether_o free_a very_o few_o of_o these_o land_n be_v inhabit_v or_o plant_v but_o the_o most_o part_n be_v plentiful_o clothe_v with_o very_o sweet_a grass_n serve_v for_o pasture_n to_o sheep_n and_o other_o cattle_n the_o which_o do_v thrive_v wonderful_o well_o in_o they_o and_o the_o same_o befall_v also_o in_o the_o middle_a sort_n of_o lough_n among_o which_o likewise_o there_o be_v very_o few_o that_o have_v not_o some_o of_o these_o little_a land_n in_o they_o in_o some_o few_o of_o these_o land_n especial_o of_o lough-earne_a and_o lough-ree_n be_v some_o dwelling_n whereunto_o person_n who_o love_v solitariness_n be_v wont_a to_o retire_v themselves_o and_o may_v live_v there_o with_o much_o contentment_n as_o find_v there_o not_o only_a privacy_n and_o quietness_n with_o opportunity_n for_o study_n and_o contemplation_n but_o there_o beside_o great_a delightfulness_n in_o the_o place_n itself_o with_o variety_n of_o very_a sweet_a pastime_n in_o fowl_v fish_v plant_v and_o garden_v in_o one_o of_o the_o great_a land_n of_o lough-earne_a sir_n henry_n spotteswood_n have_v a_o fine_a seat_n with_o goodly_a building_n garden_n orchard_n and_o a_o pretty_a little_a village_n with_o a_o church_n and_o steeple_n belong_v to_o it_o which_o whither_o it_o be_v in_o be_v yet_o or_o destroy_v by_o the_o barbarian_n and_o bloody_a rebel_n i_o be_o not_o inform_v in_o lough_n sillon_n in_o the_o county_n of_o cavan_n in_o a_o island_n not_o far_o from_o the_o bank_n where_o the_o river_n nanne●_n run_v into_o it_o be_v a_o castle_n build_v of_o form_n four_o square_v which_o cover_v the_o whole_a i_o will_v much_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o fort_n eneskellin_n in_o lough-earne_a and_o so_o many_o more_o to_o long_o to_o be_v rehearse_v sect._n 6._o of_o st_n patrik_v purgatory_n one_o of_o these_o little_a land_n situate_v in_o lough-dirg_n one_o of_o the_o middle-sort_n of_o lough_n have_v be_v very_o famous_a for_o the_o space_n of_o some_o age_n over_z almost_o all_o christendom_n because_o the_o world_n be_v make_v to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v the_o suburb_n of_o purgatory_n into_o which_o whoso_o have_v the_o courage_n to_o go_v and_o remain_v there_o the_o appoint_a time_n do_v see_v and_o suffer_v very_o strange_a and_o terrible_a thing_n which_o persuasion_n have_v last_v until_o our_o time_n the_o matter_n have_v be_v discover_v with_o in_o these_o few_o year_n and_o find_v to_o be_v a_o mere_a illusion_n this_o discovery_n be_v make_v during_o the_o government_n of_o richard_n boil_v earl_n of_o cork_n and_o adam_n lostus_fw-la viscount_n of_o elie_n and_o lord_n chancellor_n of_o ireland_n which_o two_o be_v lord_n justice_n of_o that_o kingdom_n in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o king_n james_n &_o desirous_a to_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o business_n send_v some_o person_n of_o quality_n to_o the_o place_n to_o inquire_v exact_o into_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n these_o do_v find_v that_o that_o miraculous_a and_o fearful_a cave_n descend_v down_o to_o the_o very_a purgatory_n and_o hell_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o little_a cell_n dig_v or_o hew_v out_o of_o the_o rocky_a ground_n without_o any_o window_n or_o hole_n so_o as_o the_o door_n be_v shut_v one_o can_v not_o see_v a_o jot_n within_o it_o be_v of_o so_o little_a depth_n that_o a_o tall_a man_n can_v but_o just_a stand_n upright_o in_o it_o and_o of_o no_o great_a capacity_n than_o to_o contain_v six_o or_o seven_o person_n now_o when_o that_o any_o person_n desirous_a to_o go_v that_o pilgrimage_n to_o purgatory_n be_v come_v into_o the_o island_n the_o friar_n some_o small_a number_n whereof_o make_v their_o constant_a abode_n there_o for_o that_o purpose_n make_v he_o watch_v and_o fast_v excessive_o whereby_o and_o through_o the_o recount_v of_o strange_a and_o horrible_a apparition_n and_o phantasm_n which_o he_o will_v meet_v withal_o in_o that_o subterranean_a pilgrimage_n be_v well_o preepare_v they_o do_v shut_v he_o up_o in_o that_o little_a dark_a hole_n and_o be_v draw_v out_o again_o from_o thence_o after_o some_o hour_n altogether_o astonish_v and_o in_o a_o maze_n he_o will_v be_v a_o good_a while_n before_o he_o come_v again_o to_o himself_o and_o afterward_o the_o poor_a man_n will_v tell_v wonderful_a story_n as_o if_o in_o very_a deed_n he_o have_v go_v a_o great_a way_n under_o the_o ground_n and_o see_v and_o suffer_v all_o those_o thing_n which_o his_o weak_a imagination_n altogether_o corrupt_v by_o the_o concurrence_n and_o sequel_n of_o so_o many_o cause_n to_o weaken_v the_o brain_n do_v figure_n unto_o he_o to_o prevent_v this_o delusion_n in_o future_a time_n the_o say_a lord_n justice_n cause_v the_o friar_n to_o depart_v from_o thence_o their_o dwell_n quite_o to_o be_v demolish_v and_o the_o hole_n or_o cell_n to_o be_v break_v open_a and_o altogether_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n in_o which_o state_n it_o have_v lyen_fw-we ever_o since_o whereby_o that_o pilgrimage_n to_o purgatory_n be_v quite_o come_v to_o nothing_o and_o never_o have_v be_v undertake_v since_o by_o any_o to_o beget_v the_o great_a reputation_n to_o this_o sictitious_a purgatory_n the_o people_n

our_o saviour_n a_o eleven_o hundred_o seventy_o and_o one_o but_o the_o english_a have_v settle_v themselves_o in_o the_o land_n do_v by_o degree_n great_o diminish_v the_o wood_n in_o all_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v master_n partly_o to_o deprive_v the_o thief_n and_o rogue_n who_o use_v to_o lurk_v in_o the_o wood_n in_o great_a number_n of_o their_o refuge_n and_o startinghole_n and_o partly_o to_o gain_v the_o great_a scope_n of_o profitable_a land_n for_o the_o tree_n be_v cut_v down_o the_o root_n stub_a up_o and_o the_o land_n use_v and_o till_v according_a to_o exigency_n the_o wood_n in_o most_o part_n of_o ireland_n may_v be_v reduce_v not_o only_o to_o very_o good_a pasture_n but_o also_o to_o excellent_a arable_a and_o meadow_n through_o these_o two_o cause_n it_o be_v come_v to_o pass_v in_o the_o space_n of_o many_o year_n yea_o of_o some_o age_n that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wood_n which_o the_o english_a find_v in_o ireland_n at_o their_o first_o arrival_n there_o be_v quite_o destroy_v so_o as_o nothing_o at_o all_o remain_v of_o they_o at_o this_o time_n sect._n 3_o diminish_v of_o the_o wood_n during_o the_o last_o peace_n and_o even_o since_o the_o subdue_a of_o the_o last_o great_a rebellion_n of_o the_o irish_a before_o this_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o tirone_n overthrow_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n by_o her_o viceroy_n sir_n charles_n blunt_n lord_n mountjoy_n and_o afterward_o earl_n of_o devonshire_n and_o during_o this_o last_o peace_n of_o about_o forty_o year_n the_o long_a that_o ireland_n ever_o enjoy_v both_o before_o and_o since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o english_a the_o remain_a wood_n have_v very_o much_o be_v diminish_v and_o in_o sundry_a place_n quite_o destroy_v partly_o for_o the_o reason_n last_o mention_v and_o partly_o for_o the_o wood_n and_o timber_n itself_o not_o for_o the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o building_n and_o fire_v the_o which_o ever_o have_v be_v afoot_o be_v not_o very_o considerable_a in_o regard_n of_o what_o now_o we_o speak_v of_o but_o to_o make_v merchandise_n of_o and_o for_o the_o make_n of_o charcoal_n for_o the_o ironwork_n as_o for_o the_o first_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v that_o great_a timber_n have_v ever_o be_v use_v to_o be_v send_v out_o of_o ireland_n in_o any_o great_a quantity_n nor_o in_o any_o ordinary_a way_n of_o traffic_n but_o only_a pipe-stave_n and_o the_o like_a of_o which_o good_a store_n have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v make_v and_o send_v out_o of_o the_o land_n even_o in_o former_a time_n but_o never_o in_o that_o vast_a quantity_n nor_o so_o constant_o as_o of_o late_a year_n and_o during_o the_o last_o peace_n wherein_o it_o be_v grow_v one_o of_o the_o ordinary_a merchandable_a commodity_n of_o the_o country_n so_o as_o a_o mighty_a trade_n be_v drive_v in_o they_o and_o whole_a ship-loads_a send_v into_o foreign_a country_n yearly_a which_o as_o it_o bring_v great_a profit_n to_o the_o proprietary_n so_o the_o fell_n of_o so_o many_o thousand_o of_o tree_n every_o year_n as_o be_v employ_v that_o way_n do_v make_v a_o great_a destruction_n of_o the_o wood_n in_o tract_n of_o time_n as_o for_o the_o charcoal_n it_o be_v incredible_a what_o quantity_n thereof_o be_v consume_v by_o one_o ironwork_n in_o a_o year_n and_o whereas_o there_o be_v never_o a_o ironwork_n in_o ireland_n before_o there_o have_v be_v a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o they_o erect_v since_o the_o last_o peace_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o every_o province_n the_o which_o to_o furnish_v constant_o with_o charcoal_n it_o be_v necessary_a from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o fell_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o tree_n all_o the_o loping_n and_o windfall_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o it_o in_o the_o least_o manner_n sect._n 4._o great_a part_n of_o ireland_n very_o bare_a of_o wood_n at_o this_o time_n through_o the_o aforesaid_a cause_n ireland_n have_v be_v make_v so_o bare_a of_o wood_n in_o many_o part_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v not_o only_o want_v wood_n for_o fire_v be_v therefore_o constrain_v to_o make_v shift_n with_o turf_n or_o sea-coal_n where_o they_o be_v not_o too_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n but_o even_o timber_n for_o building_n so_o as_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o fetch_v it_o a_o good_a way_n off_o to_o their_o great_a charge_n especial_o in_o place_n where_o it_o must_v be_v bring_v by_o land_n and_o in_o some_o part_n you_o many_o travel_n whole_a day_n long_o without_o see_v any_o wood_n or_o tree_n except_o a_o few_o about_o gentleman_n house_n as_o namely_o from_o dublin_n and_o from_o place_n that_o be_v some_o mile_n further_o to_o the_o south_n of_o it_o to_z tredagh_o dundalk_v the_o nurie_n and_o as_o far_o as_o dremore_n in_o which_o whole_a extent_n of_o land_n be_v above_o threescore_o mile_n one_o do_v not_o come_v near_o any_o wood_n worth_a the_o speak_n of_o and_o in_o some_o part_n thereof_o you_o shall_v not_o see_v so_o much_o as_o one_o tree_n in_o many_o mile_n for_o the_o great_a wood_n which_o the_o map_n do_v represent_v unto_o we_o upon_o the_o mountain_n between_o dundalk_n and_o the_o nury_n be_v quite_o vanish_v there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v of_o they_o these_o many_o year_n since_o but_o one_o only_a tree_n stand_v close_o by_o the_o highway_n at_o the_o very_a top_n of_o one_o of_o the_o mountain_n so_o as_o it_o may_v be_v see_v a_o great_a way_n off_o and_o therefore_o serve_v traveller_n for_o a_o mark_n section_n 5._o many_o great_a wood_n still_o leave_v in_o ireland_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a destruction_n of_o the_o wood_n in_o ireland_n occasion_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a cause_n there_o be_v still_o sundry_a great_a wood_n remain_v and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o other_o province_n but_o even_o in_o leinster_n itself_o for_o the_o county_n of_o wickloe_n kings-county_n and_o queens-county_n all_o three_o in_o that_o province_n be_v throughout_o full_a of_o wood_n some_o whereof_o be_v many_o mile_n long_o and_o broad_a and_o part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n and_o carloe_n be_v likewise_o great_o furnish_v with_o they_o in_o ulster_n there_o be_v great_a forest_n in_o the_o county_n of_o donegall_a and_o in_o the_o north-part_n of_o tirone_n in_o the_o country_n call_v glankankin_n also_o in_o the_o county_n of_o fermanagh_n along_o lough-earne_a in_o the_o county_n of_o antrim_n and_o in_o the_o north-part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o down_o in_o the_o two_o country_n call_v killulta_fw-la and_o kilwarlin_n beside_o several_a other_o lesser_a wood_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o that_o province_n but_o the_o county_n of_o louth_n and_o far_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o down_o armagh_n monaghan_n and_o cavan_n all_o in_o the_o same_o province_n of_o ulster_n be_v almost_o every_o where_o bare_a not_o only_o of_o wood_n but_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o tree_n even_o in_o place_n which_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o present_a age_n in_o the_o war_n with_o tirone_n be_v encumber_a with_o great_a and_o thick_a forest_n in_o munster_n where_o the_o english_a especial_o the_o earl_n of_o cork_n have_v make_v great_a havoc_n of_o the_o wood_n during_o the_o last_o peace_n there_o be_v still_o sundry_a great_a forest_n remain_v in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n and_o of_o tipperary_n and_o even_o in_o the_o county_n of_o cork_n where_o the_o great_a destruction_n thereof_o have_v be_v make_v some_o great_a wood_n be_v yet_o remain_v there_o be_v also_o store_n of_o scatter_a wood_n both_o in_o that_o county_n and_o all_o the_o province_n over_o connaught_n be_v well_o store_v with_o tree_n in_o most_o part_n but_o have_v very_o few_o forest_n or_o great_a wood_n except_o in_o the_o county_n of_o maio_n and_o sligo_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o mine_n in_o ireland_n and_o in_o particular_a of_o the_o iron-mine_n sect._n 1_o all_o the_o mine_n in_o ireland_n discover_v by_o the_o new-english_a the_o old-english_a in_o ireland_n that_o be_v those_o who_o be_v come_v in_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o conquest_n until_o the_o beginning_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n have_v be_v so_o plague_v with_o war_n from_o time_n to_o time_n one_o while_o intestine_a among_o themselves_o and_o another_o while_n with_o the_o irish_a that_o they_o can_v scarce_o ever_o find_v the_o opportunity_n of_o seek_v for_o mine_n and_o search_v out_o the_o metal_n hide_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o irish_a themselves_o as_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o barbarous_a nation_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v at_o all_o time_n be_v so_o far_o from_o seek_v out_o any_o that_o even_o in_o these_o last_o year_n and_o since_o the_o english_a have_v begin_v to_o discover_v some_o none_o of_o they_o all_o great_a nor_o small_a

those_o of_o long_a continuance_n as_o the_o falling-sickness_n the_o pallie_n all_o sortsof_a gout_n cough_n the_o consumption_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o stone_n of_o the_o kidney_n and_o of_o the_o bladder_n the_o colic_n the_o laundis_n the_o dropsy_n the_o grief_n of_o the_o spleen_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o loosness_n with_o all_o which_o evil_n it_o be_v here_o as_o in_o other_o country_n some_o of_o they_o be_v very_o common_a here_o and_o other_o happen_v but_o seldom_o and_o in_o few_o person_n the_o more_o particular_a relation_n whereof_o we_o will_v leave_v for_o the_o book_n of_o physic_n and_o for_o those_o observation_n which_o perhaps_o my_o brother_n some_o time_n or_o other_o will_v publish_v of_o what_o he_o have_v find_v concern_v the●e_n matter_n in_o a_o ample_a and_o flourish_a practice_n of_o eight_o year_n which_o he_o have_v live_v in_o dublin_n chap._n xxiiii_o of_o the_o disease_n reign_v in_o ireland_n and_o whereunto_o that_o country_n be_v peculiarly_a subject_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o irish_a ague_n as_o ireland_n be_v subject_a to_o most_o disease_n in_o common_a with_o other_o country_n so_o there_o be_v some_o whereunto_o it_o be_v peculiar_o obnoxious_a be_v at_o all_o time_n so_o rife_o there_o that_o they_o may_v just_o be_v repute_v for_o ireland_n endemii_fw-la morbi_fw-la or_o reign_a disease_n as_o indeed_o they_o be_v general_o repute_v for_o such_o of_o this_o number_n be_v a_o certain_a sort_n of_o malignant_a fever_n vulgar_o in_o ireland_n call_v irish_a ague_n because_o that_o at_o all_o time_n they_o be_v so_o common_a in_o ireland_n as_o well_o among_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o native_n as_o among_o those_o who_o be_v new_o come_v thither_o from_o other_o country_n this_o fever_n common_o accompany_v with_o a_o great_a pain_n in_o the_o head_n a●d_v in_o all_o the_o bone_n great_a weakness_n drought_n loss_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o appetite_n and_o want_v of_o sleep_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n idleness_n or_o rave_v and_o restlessness_n or_o toss_n but_o no_o very_o great_a nor_o constant_a heat_n be_v hard_o to_o be_v cure_v for_o those_o that_o understand_v the_o disease_n and_o seek_v to_o overcome_v it_o do_v it_o not_o by_o purge_v which_o can_v be_v use_v at_o any_o time_n without_o great_a and_o present_a danger_n for_o the_o fermentation_n of_o the_o humour_n which_o cause_v the_o disease_n be_v hereby_o mighty_o increase_v and_o the_o patient_a weaken_a and_o hardly_o with_o bleed_v which_o seldom_o be_v use_v with_o success_n otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n but_o with_o strengthen_v medicine_n and_o good_a cordial_n in_o which_o case_n and_o if_o all_o necessary_a prescriptious_a be_v well_o observe_v very_o few_o person_n do_v lose_v their_o life_n except_o when_o some_o extraordinary_a and_o pestilent_a malignity_n come_v to_o it_o as_o it_o befall_v in_o some_o year_n with_o so_o great_a violence_n that_o notwithstanding_o all_o good_a help_n some_o be_v thereby_o carry_v to_o their_o grave_n the_o same_o do_v ordinary_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o it_o prove_v deadly_a if_o the_o sick_a do_v fall_v into_o unskilful_a hand_n or_o neglect_v all_o help_n or_o do_v not_o observe_v good_a direction_n in_o which_o case_n many_o do_v perish_v and_o other_o who_o come_v off_o with_o their_o life_n through_o robustuousness_n of_o nature_n or_o hide_a cause_n be_v force_v to_o keep_v their_o bed_n a_o long_a time_n in_o extreme_a weakness_n be_v a_o great_a while_n before_o they_o can_v recover_v their_o perfect_a health_n and_o strength_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o looseness_n the_o looseness_n do_v also_o great_o reign_v in_o ireland_n as_o well_o among_o those_o of_o the_o country_n as_o among_o the_o stranger_n wherefore_o the_o english_a inhabitant_n have_v give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o the_o country-disease_n many_o be_v a_o great_a while_n trouble_v with_o it_o and_o yet_o get_v no_o other_o harm_n and_o those_o that_o betimes_o do_v make_v use_n of_o good_a medicine_n be_v without_o any_o great_a difficulty_n cure_v of_o it_o but_o they_o that_o let_v the_o looseness_n take_v its_o course_n do_v common_o after_o some_o day_n get_v the_o bleed_a with_o it_o whereby_o the_o disease_n do_v not_o only_o grow_v much_o more_o troublesome_a and_o painful_a but_o a_o great_a deal_n harde●_n to_o be_v cure_v &_o at_o last_o it_o use_v to_o turn_v to_o the_o bloody_a flux_n the_o which_o in_o some_o person_n have_v last_v a_o great_a while_n leave_v they_o of_o itself_o but_o in_o far_o the_o great_a number_n be_v very_o dangerous_a and_o kill_v the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o sick_a except_o they_o be_v careful_o assist_v with_o good_a remedy_n that_o this_o disease_n as_o also_o the_o other_o viz._n the_o malignant_a fever_n be_v so_o rife_o in_o ireland_n do_v partly_o come_v through_o the_o peculiar_a disposition_n and_o excessive_a wetness_n of_o the_o air_n but_o partly_o also_o through_o the_o error_n which_o people_n do_v commit_v in_o eat_v and_o drink_v and_o other_o particular_n as_o manifest_o do_v appear_v by_o that_o a_o very_a great_a number_n not_o only_o of_o the_o native_n but_o also_o of_o the_o stranger_n come_v thi●_n she_o who_o t●ke_v careful_a heed_n to_o themselves_o in_o abstain_v from_o hurtful_a thing_n never_o be_v trouble_v with_o either_o of_o these_o infirmity_n sect._n 3_o of_o the_o rickets_o among_o the_o reign_a disease_n of_o ireland_n the_o rickets_o also_o may_v with_o good_a reason_n be_v reckon_v a_o disease_n peculiar_a to_o young_a child_n and_o so_o well_o know_v to_o every_o body_n in_o england_n as_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o give_v any_o description_n of_o it_o and_o yet_o to_o this_o day_n never_o any_o physician_n either_o english_a or_o of_o any_o other_o nation_n make_v any_o the_o least_o mention_n of_o it_o no_o not_o in_o those_o work_n which_o be_v express_o write_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o disease_n and_o accident_n of_o little_a child_n in_o ireland_n this_o disease_n be_v wonderful_a rife_a now_o but_o it_o have_v nothing_o near_o be_v so_o long_o know_v there_o as_o in_o england_n either_o through_o th●_n unski●fullness_n or_o neglect_n of_o the_o physician_n the_o most_o part_n whereof_o in_o both_o kingdom_n to_o this_o day_n be_v ignorant_a not_o only_o of_o the_o manner_n how_o to_o cure_v it_o but_o even_o of_o the_o nature_n and_o property_n thereof_o or_o that_o real_o it_o be_v new_a there_o and_o never_o before_o have_v be_v in_o ireland_n have_v get_v foot_v in_o it_o only_o within_o these_o few_o year_n through_o some_o strange_a revolution_n or_o constellation_n or_o god_n immediate_a send_v which_o kind_n of_o change_n several_a time_n have_v befall_v in_o divers_a country_n and_o in_o ireland_n itself_o we_o have_v already_o show_v some_o such_o matter_n in_o another_o sickness_n namely_o the_o tertian-ague_n this_o evil_a be_v altogether_o incurable_a when_o it_o be_v go_v too_o far_o be_v hard_a enough_o to_o be_v cure_v even_o in_o the_o beginning_n except_o it_o be_v very_o careful_o look_v unto_o and_o use_v make_v of_o the_o best_a remedy_n nevertheless_o this_o grief_n as_o well_o as_o mo●●_n other_o have_v its_o peculiar_a medicine_n the_o which_o be_v apply_v betimes_o and_o with_o convenient_a care_n do_v with_o god_n blessing_n for_o the_o most_o part_n produce_v the_o effect_n desire_v sect._n 4._o of_o the_o leprosy_n the_o rickets_o be_v of_o late_a very_o rife_o in_o ireland_n where_o few_o year_n ago_o unknown_a so_o on_o the_o contra●y_v it_o have_v be_v almost_o quite_o free_v from_o another_o disease_n one_o of_o the_o very_o worst_a &_o miserable_a in_o the_o world_n namely_o the_o leprosy_n which_o in_o former_a time_n use_v to_o be_v very_o common_a there_o especial_o in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n the_o which_o therefore_o be_v fill_v with_o hospital_n express_o build_v for_o to_o receive_v &_o keep_v the_o leprous_a person_n but_o many_o year_n since_o ireland_n have_v be_v almost_o quite_o free_v from_o this_o horrible_a and_o loathsome_a disease_n and_o as_o few_o leprous_a person_n be_v now_o find_v there_o as_o in_o any_o other_o country_n in_o the_o world_n so_o that_o be_v hospital_n erect_v for_o their_o use_n have_v stand_v empty_a a_o long_a time_n at_o length_n be_v quite_o decay_v &_o come_v to_o nothing_o the_o cause_n of_o th●s_n change_n be_v not_o so_o obscure_a nor_o unknown_a as_o it_o be_v in_o most_o other_o change_n of_o that_o nature_n for_o that_o this_o sickness_n be_v so_o general_a in_o ireland_n do_v not_o come_v by_o any_o peculiar_a defect_n in_o the_o land_n or_o in_o the_o air_n but_o mere_o through_o the_o fault_n &_o foul_a gluttony_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o excessive_a devour_a of_o unwholesome_a salmon_n the_o common_a report_n in_o ireland_n be_v that_o boil_a salmon_n eat_v hot_a out_o

of_o the_o kettle_n in_o great_a quantity_n bring_v this_o disease_n and_o use_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o it_o be_v so_o common_a and_o some_o famous_a author_n have_v not_o stick_v to_o relate_v as_o much_o for_o a_o truth_n but_o that_o be_v a_o fable_n and_o salm●ns_n have_v not_o that_o evil_a quality_n which_o way_n soever_o they_o be_v eat_v and_o prepare_v but_o when_o they_o be_v out_o of_o season_n which_o be_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o year_n after_o they_o have_v cast_v their_o spawn_n upon_o which_o they_o do_v not_o only_o grow_v very_o weak_a and_o flaggie_a but_o so_o unwholesome_a that_o over_o their_o whole_a body_n they_o break_v out_o in_o very_o filthy_a spot_n just_a like_o a_o scall_v man_n head_n so_o as_o it_o will_v loathe_v any_o man_n to_o see_v they_o nevertheless_o the_o irish_a a_o nation_n extreme_o barbarous_a in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o their_o life_n do_v use_v to_o take_v they_o in_o that_o very_a season_n as_o well_o as_o at_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o to_o eat_v they_o in_o very_o great_a abundance_n as_o easy_o they_o may_v every_o river_n and_o rivelet_n in_o most_o part_n be_v very_o full_a of_o they_o and_o by_o that_o mean_v that_o horrible_a disease_n come_v to_o be_v so_o common_a among_o they_o but_o the_o english_a have_v once_o get_v the_o command_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n into_o ●heir_a hand_n make_v very_o severe_a law_n against_o the_o take_n of_o salmon_n in_o that_o unwholesome_a season_n and_o see_v they_o careful_o observe_v whereby_o hinder_v those_o barbarian_n against_o their_o will_n to_o feed_v on_o that_o poisonous_a meat_n they_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o that_o woeful_a sickness_n which_o use_v so_o mighty_o to_o reign_v among_o they_o have_v in_o time_n be_v almost_o quite_o abolish_v which_o great_a benefit_n with_o so_o many_o other_o that_o hateful_a people_n have_v reward_v with_o seek_v utter_o to_o exterminate_v their_o benefactor_n sect._n 5._o of_o the_o league●-sicknesses_n in_o the_o english_a army_n which_o since_o this_o bloody_a rebellion_n go_v ou●r_o into_o ireland_n to_o fight_v against_o that_o murder_a nation_n be_v not_o only_o the_o looseness_n and_o the_o malignant_a fever_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v above_o as_o of_o ireland_n reign_a disease_n very_o common_a but_o therebesides_a several_a other_o infirmity_n viz._n violent_a cough_n and_o of_o lo●g_a continuance_n stop_v of_o the_o breath_n call_v in_o latin_a dispnoea_n lameness_n of_o the_o thigh_n or_o sciatica_n painful_a strangury_n all_o which_o grief_n seize_v on_o so_o many_o person_n that_o they_o may_v well_o have_v be_v take_v for_o sickness_n reign_v in_o that_o land_n as_o i_o have_v many_o time_n understand_v of_o my_o brother_n who_o at_o that_o time_n not_o only_a dwell_n and_o practise_v at_o dublin_n but_o be_v physician_n general_a of_o the_o english_a force_n have_v but_o too_o much_o occasion_n to_o know_v that_o perfect_o but_o withal_o he_o have_v assure_v i_o that_o those_o disease_n have_v their_o original_a not_o from_o any_o defect_n of_o the_o climate_n but_o of_o the_o cold_a &_o other_o hardship_n which_o the_o soldier_n suffer_v in_o their_o march_n for_o they_o many_o time_n go_v to_o the_o field_n in_o cold_a and_o foul_a weather_n and_o sometime_o march_v whole_a day_n long_o yea_o several_a day_n together_o in_o very_o dirty_a and_o wet_a way_n where_o their_o foot_n and_o leg_n be_v continual_o cold_a and_o wet_a beside_o that_o they_o be_v sometime_o constrain_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o water_n up_o as_o high_a as_o the_o knee_n and_o waste_n and_o after_o all_o that_o hardship_n endure_v in_o the_o daytime_n to_o lie_v in_o the_o night_n upon_o the_o wet_a ground_n in_o the_o open_a air_n this_o cause_v the_o aforenamed_a disease_n and_o several_a other_o among_o they_o in_o so_o great_a number_n it_o be_v to_o be_v wonder_v at_o that_o many_o more_o do_v not_o fall_v into_o they_o and_o without_o doubt_n in_o any_o other_o country_n of_o the_o world_n where_o all_o the_o same_o cause_n do_v concur_v and_o where_o a_o army_n endure_v the_o like_a hard-ship_n the_o same_o effect_n if_o not_o worse_o will_v follow_v so_o that_o in_o this_o behalf_n the_o land_n itself_o i●_n not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v blame_v a_o table_n of_o the_o principal_a head_n contain_v in_o this_o book_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o situation_n shape_n and_o greatness_n of_o ireland_n its_o division_n into_o province_n and_o county_n of_o the_o english_a pale_a the_o principal_a town_n of_o that_o nation_n pag._n 1._o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o principal_a havens_n of_o ireland_n pag._n 10._o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o lesser_a havens_n and_o the_o bar_a havens_n of_o ireland_n also_o of_o the_o road_n and_o anchor-place_n upon_o the_o coast_n and_o in_o the_o little_a land_n near_o the_o coast_n p._n 24._o chap._n iu._n quality_n and_o fashion_n of_o the_o irish_a coast_n or_o shore_n item_n a_o brief_a description_n of_o the_o principal_a promontory_n or_o head_n of_o ireland_n p._n 35._o chap._n v._n of_o the_o sand_n or_o ground_n blind-rock_n and_o other_o rock_n in_o the_o irish_a sea_n p._n 40._o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o irish_a sea_n and_o of_o the_o tide_n which_o go_v in_o the_o same_o p._n 48._o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o spring_n and_o fountain_n item_n of_o the_o brook_n and_o rivulet_n of_o ireland_n p._n 54._o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o river_n of_o ireland_n p._n 61._o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o lake_n or_o lough_n in_o ireland_n p._n 71._o chap._n x._o of_o the_o nature_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o land_n both_o for_o the_o outward_a shape_n and_o for_o the_o internal_a quality_n and_o fruitfulness_n p._n 78._o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o several_a manner_n of_o manure_v and_o enrich_v the_o ground_n practise_v in_o ireland_n p._n 91._o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o marl_n in_o ireland_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o marling_n the_o land_n there_o p._n 100_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o heath_n moor_n or_o bog_n in_o ireland_n p._n 105._o chap._n fourteen_o original_a of_o the_o bog_n in_o ireland_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o dra●ning_n they_o practise_v there_o by_o the_o english_a inhabitant_n p._n 112._o chap._n xv._n of_o the_o wood_n in_o ireland_n p._n 118._o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o mine_n in_o ireland_n and_o in_o particular_a of_o the_o iron-mine_n p._n 123._o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o ironwork_n their_o fashion_n charge_n of_o erect_v and_o maintain_v they_o and_o profit_n come_v of_o they_o with_o a_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o melt_v the_o iron_n in_o they_o p._n 131._o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o mine_n of_o silver_n and_o lead_n in_o ireland_n and_o occasional_o of_o the_o pestiferous_a damp_n and_o vapour_n within_o the_o earth_n pag._n p._n 141._o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o freestone_n marble_n flint_n slate_n and_o seacole_n which_o be_v find_v in_o ireland_n pag._n 148._o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o turf_n lime_n and_o brick_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o make_v those_o thing_n in_o ireland_n item_n of_o the_o glass_n make_v in_o ireland_n p._n 154_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o temperature_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n and_o season_n in_o ireland_n as_o for_o heat_n cold_a and_o moisture_n p._n 163._o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o dew_n mist_n snow_n hail_o hoar-frost_n thunder_n and_o ligthn_v earthquake_n and_o wind._n p._n 169._o chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o healthfulness_n of_o ireland_n and_o what_o sickness_n it_o be_v free_a from_o and_o subject_n unto_o p._n 177._o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o disease_n reign_v in_o ireland_n and_o whereunto_o that_o country_n be_v perculiarly_a subject_n p_o 180._o finis_fw-la errata_fw-la pag._n 5._o l._n 6._o r._n coas●_n p._n 12._o l._n 1._o r._n mile_n l._n 3._o r._n breadth_n p._n 31_o l._n 9_o r._n be_v the._n p._n 99_o l._n 11._o deal_n s●_n p._n 128._o l._n 11._o r._n of_o this_o p._n 137._o l._n 8._o r._n white_a mine_n rom._n 1.20_o act._n 14_o 1●_n act._n 17.27_o 1_o cor._n 15.46_o 1_o cor._n 1._o etc._n etc._n isa._n 11.9_o he●●_n 8.11_o isa._n 40_o 5._o

and_o by_o the_o leanness_n thereof_o it_o come_v that_o nothing_o else_o but_o coarse_a grass_n and_o the_o worst_a kind_n of_o grain_n will_v grow_v there_o and_o unto_o these_o cause_n may_v be_v join_v another_o yet_o the_o overshaddow_a of_o high_a and_o steep_a mountain_n and_o hill_n whereby_o the_o side_n thereof_o and_o the_o land_n lie_v close_o under_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o free_a and_o seasonable_a access_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o so_o want_v convenient_a warmness_n can_v afford_v to_o the_o thing_n grow_v thereon_o such_o good_a and_o well-concocted_n nourishment_n as_o unto_o the_o produce_v of_o the_o best_a and_o rich_a sort_n of_o grain_n and_o grass_n be_v requisite_a sect._n 7._o ireland_n a_o very_a fruitful_a country_n especial_o for_o grass_n these_o defect_n be_v not_o peculiar_a to_o ireland_n but_o common_a to_o other_o country_n and_o nowise_o general_a in_o it_o but_o only_o here_o and_o there_o in_o distant_a part_n &_o where_o they_o be_v they_o may_v be_v amend_v by_o the_o mean_v fit_a &_o usual_a for_o that_o purpose_n whereof_o by-and-by_a we_o shall_v speak_v particular_o therefore_o they_o can_v hi●der_v that_o ireland_n shall_v not_o just_o be_v count_v among_o the_o fruitfull_a country_n of_o the_o world_n and_o although_o orosius_n who_o prefer_v it_o even_o before_o england_n in_o this_o particular_a hibernia_n soli_fw-la coelique_fw-la temperie_n magis_fw-la utilis_fw-la britanniâ_fw-la be_v his_o word_n go_v too_o far_o yet_o full_o true_a be_v the_o say_n of_o stanyhurst_n in_o the_o preface_n of_o his_o irish_a chronicle_n cum_fw-la hibernia_n coeli_fw-la salubritate_fw-la agrorum_fw-la fertilitate_fw-la ubertate_fw-la frugum_fw-la pastionis_fw-la magnitudine_fw-la armentorum_fw-la gregibus_fw-la confer_v paucas_fw-la anteferre_v nullas_fw-la valeas_fw-la that_o be_v with_o irelond_n for_o wholesomeness_n of_o air_n fruitfulness_n of_o land_n great_a store_n of_o corn_n abundance_n of_o pasture_n and_o numerousnes_n of_o cattle_n few_o country_n may_v be_v compare_v none_o prefer_v as_o also_o that_o of_o giraldus_n gleba_fw-la praepingui_fw-la uberique_a frugum_fw-la pr●ventu_fw-la faelix_fw-la est_fw-la terra_fw-la et_fw-la foecunda_fw-la frugibus_fw-la arva_fw-la peccore_fw-la montes_fw-la that_o be_v this_o country_n be_v happy_a in_o very_o rich_a ground_n and_o plentiful_a increase_n of_o grain_n the_o field_n be_v fertile_a in_o corn_n and_o the_o mountain_n full_a of_o cattle_n but_o although_o ireland_n almost_o in_o every_o part_n where_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o husbandman_n apply_v itself_o thereto_o bring_v good_a corn_n plentiful_o nevertheless_o have_v it_o a_o more_o natural_a aptness_n for_o grass_n the_o which_o in_o most_o place_n it_o produce_v very_o good_a and_o plentiful_a of_o itself_o or_o with_o little_a help_n the_o which_o also_o have_v be_v well_o observe_v by_o giraldus_n who_o of_o this_o matter_n write_v thus_o pascuis_fw-la tamen_fw-la quam_fw-la frugibus_fw-la gramine_fw-la guam_fw-la grano_fw-la foecundior_fw-la est_fw-la insula_fw-la this_o island_n be_v fruitfull_a in_o grass_n and_o pasture_n than_o in_o corn_n an●_n grain_n and_o buchanan_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o history_n of_o scotland_n call_v the_o pasture-ground_n of_o ireland_n pascua_fw-la fere_n totius_fw-la europae_n uberrima_fw-la the_o fruitfull_a pasture_n ground_n of_o most_o all_o europe_n sect._n 8._o more_o of_o the_o plenty_n and_o goodness_n of_o the_o irish_a pasture_n the_o abundance_n and_o greatness_n of_o pasture_n in_o ireland_n do_v appear_v by_o the_o numberless_a number_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n especial_o of_o cow_n and_o sheep_n wherewith_o this_o country_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n do_v swarm_n on_o all_o side_n whereof_o in_o another_o place_n shall_v be_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a and_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o same_o be_v hereby_o sufficient_o witness_v that_o all_o kind_n of_o cattle_n do_v thrive_v here_o as_o well_o in_o ireland_n and_o give_v as_o good_a milk_n butter_n &_o cheese_n with_o good_a handle_n as_o in_o any_o other_o country_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o irish_a cow_n sheep_n and_o horse_n be_v of_o a_o very_a small_a size_n but_o that_o that_o do_v not_o come_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o nourishment_n and_o grass_n but_o through_o other_o more_o hide_a cause_n may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o goodly_a beast_n of_o the_o forename_a kind_n that_o be_v bring_v thither_o out_o of_o england_n the_o which_o not_o only_o in_o themselae_n but_o in_o all_o their_o breed_n do_v full_o keep_v their_o first_o largeness_n and_o goodness_n without_o any_o the_o least_o diminution_n in_o any_o respect_n so_o that_o before_o this_o last_o bloody_a rebellion_n the_o whole_a land_n in_o all_o part_n where_o the_o english_a do_v dwell_v or_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v be_v fill_v with_o as_o goodly_a beast_n both_o cow_n and_o sheep_n as_o any_o in_o england_n holland_n or_o other_o the_o best_a country_n of_o europe_n the_o great_a part_n whereof_o have_v be_v destroy_v by_o those_o barbarian_n the_o natural_a inhabitant_n of_o ireland_n who_o not_o content_a to_o have_v murder_v or_o expel_v their_o english_a neighbour_n upon_o who_o with_o a_o unheard_a of_o and_o treacherous_a cruelty_n they_o fall_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o deep_a peace_n without_o any_o the_o least_o provocation_n endeavour_v quite_o to_o extinguish_v the_o memory_n of_o they_o and_o of_o all_o the_o civility_n and_o good_a thing_n by_o they_o introduce_v among_o that_o wild_a nation_n and_o consequent_o in_o most_o place_n they_o do_v not_o only_o demolish_v the_o house_n build_v by_o the_o english_a the_o garden_n and_o enclosure_n make_v by_o they_o the_o orchard_n and_o hedge_n by_o they_o plant_v but_o destroy_v whole_a drove_n and_o flock_n at_o once_o of_o english_a cow_n and_o sheep_n so_o as_o they_o be_v not_o able_a with_o all_o their_o unsatiable_a gluttony_n to_o devour_v the_o ten_o part_n thereof_o but_o let_v the_o rest_n lie_v rot_v and_o stink_v in_o the_o field_n the_o goodness_n of_o the_o pasture_n in_o ireland_n do_v further_o appear_v by_o this_o that_o both_o beef_n and_o mutton_n there_o as_o well_o that_o of_o the_o small_a irish_a as_o that_o of_o the_o large_a english_a breed_n in_o sweetness_n and_o savouriness_n do_v surpass_v the_o meat_n of_o england_n itself_o as_o all_o those_o who_o have_v try_v that_o must_v confess_v although_o england_n in_o this_o particular_a do_v surpass_v almost_o all_o the_o country_n of_o the_o world_n nevertheless_o the_o say_n of_o pomponius_n mela_n that_o the_o grass_n here_o be_v so_o rank_a and_o sweet_a that_o the_o cattle_n do_v burst_v if_o they_o be_v suffer_v to_o feed_v too_o jong_o wherefore_o they_o be_v fain_o every_o day_n to_o drive_v they_o betimes_o out_o of_o the_o pasture_n juverna_n adeo_fw-la luxuriosa_fw-la herbis_fw-la non_fw-la lae●is_fw-la modo_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la dulcibus_fw-la ut_fw-la se_fw-la exigua_fw-la parte_fw-la diei_fw-la pecora_fw-la impleant_fw-la &_o nisi_fw-la pabulo_fw-la prohibeantur_fw-la diu●ius_fw-la pasta_fw-la dissiliant_fw-la the_o which_o also_o have_v be_v repeat_v by_o solinus_n hibernia_n ita_fw-la pabulosa_fw-la ut_fw-la pecua_fw-la ibi_fw-la nisi_fw-la interdum_fw-la à_fw-la pascuis_fw-la arceantur_fw-la in_fw-la periculum_fw-la agate_n satias_fw-la that_o be_v ireland_n have_v such_o excellent_a pasture_n that_o cattle_n there_o be_v bring_v into_o danger_n of_o their_o life_n by_o over-feeding_a except_o now_o and_o then_o they_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o field_n be_v a_o mere_a fable_n no_o way_n agreeable_a to_o the_o truth_n for_o all_o kind_n of_o cattle_n here_o as_o in_o other_o country_n be_v continual_o leave_v in_o the_o pasture_n day_n and_o night_n neither_o do_v they_o through_o their_o continual_a feed_n ever_o burst_v or_o come_v into_o any_o danger_n of_o burst_v chap._n xi_o of_o the_o several_a manner_n of_o manure_v and_o enrich_v the_o ground_n practise_v in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n the_o ground_n never_o need_v dung_v to_o amend_v the_o lean_a and_o faulty_a ground_n to_o enrich_v both_o they_o and_o the_o good_a one_o and_o to_o keep_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o in_o heart_n in_o preserve_v they_o from_o be_v exhaust_v the_o dung_v of_o the_o ground_n be_v usual_a in_o ireland_n as_o in_o other_o country_n it_o be_v true_a that_o as_o approve_a author_n assure_v we_o in_o the_o island_n of_o zealand_n part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n the_o natural_a richness_n of_o the_o ground_n be_v such_o and_o so_o last_a as_o it_o need_v not_o the_o succour_n of_o any_o artificial_a help_n but_o be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o aye_o preserve_v its_o fertility_n without_o put_v the_o husbandman_n to_o the_o labour_n and_o cost_n of_o dung_v that_o likewise_o there_o be_v some_o part_n in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n in_o ireland_n where_o very_o credible_a person●_n have_v assure_v i_o of_o their_o own_o knowledge_n that_o the_o land_n never_o need_v any_o

dung_v so_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o never_o trouble_v themselves_o to_o keep_v the_o dung_n of_o their_o beast_n but_o from_o time_n to_o time_n fling_v it_o into_o a_o river_n which_o run_v by_o they_o but_o this_o happiness_n and_o richness_n of_o soil_n as_o it_o be_v very_o rare_a over_o all_o the_o world_n so_o in_o ireland_n too_o be_v confine_v to_o very_o narrow_a bound_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v necessitate_v for_o the_o end_n aforesaid_a to_o help_v and_o improve_v their_o land_n by_o dung_v the_o which_o they_o do_v several_a manner_n of_o way_n sect._n 2._o of_o sheeps-dung_n the_o common_a sort_n of_o manure_v the_o land_n in_o ireland_n be_v that_o which_o be_v do_v with_o the_o dung_n of_o beast_n especial_o of_o cow_n and_o ox_n and_o also_o of_o horse_n mix_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o straw_n and_o have_v lyen_fw-we a_o long_a while_n to_o rot_v and_o incorporate_v well_o together_o whereof_o as_o of_o a_o matter_n every_o where_o know_v and_o usual_a it_o be_v needless_a to_o speak_v further_o only_o thus_o much_o seem_v good_a to_o we_o not_o to_o pass_v over_o in_o silence_n that_o if_o sheep_n here_o as_o in_o other_o country_n be_v house_v and_o keep_v up_o in_o stable_n for_o any_o long_a time_n together_o their_o excrement_n will_v make_v better_a dung_n than_o that_o of_o any_o other_o fourfooted_a creature_n for_o the_o land_n on_o which_o sheep_n have_v feed_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n together_o or_o long_o be_v so_o great_o enrich_v thereby_o that_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v plough_v it_o bring_v a_o much_o fair_a and_o plentifull_a crop_n than_o if_o from_o the_o beginning_n it_o have_v be_v make_v arable_a and_o dung_v after_o the_o ordinary_a manner_n wherefore_o also_o great_a sheep-master_n may_v set_v their_o land_n where_o the_o sheep_n have_v be_v feed_v some_o year_n together_o as_o dear_a again_o by_o the_o acre_n than_o what_o at_o the_o first_o they_o can_v have_v get_v for_o it_o of_o any_o body_n wherefore_o also_o it_o be_v a_o usual_a thing_n in_o ireland_n as_o well_o as_o in_o england_n to_o drive_v the_o sheep_n upon_o the_o fallow_a and_o to_o keep_v they_o there_o until_o all_o the_o herb_n which_o may_v minister_v any_o food_n unto_o the_o sheep_n be_v by_o they_o consume_v which_o do_v the_o ground_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o good_a and_o give_v it_o heart_n to_o bring_v afterward_o the_o better_a increase_n and_o the_o same_o also_o help_v great_o for_o to_o make_v good_a grass_n grow_v upon_o the_o arable_a when_o the_o same_o be_v turn_v into_o pasture_n and_o meadow_n a_o thing_n ordinary_o use_v in_o sundry_a part_n of_o ireland_n and_o many_o time_n necessary_a for_o to_o keep_v the_o land_n in_o heart_n for_o ground_n be_v plough_v and_o the_o sheep_n drive_v thither_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o herb_n grow_v upon_o it_o they_o do_v not_o only_o consume_v the_o thistle_n and_o other_o useless_a herb_n but_o cause_n good_a grass_n to_o grow_v up_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o and_o that_o speedy_o for_o in_o all_o place_n where_o their_o dung_n light_v of_o the_o best_a and_o sweet_a sort_n of_o grass_n do_v grow_v and_o that_o within_o the_o first_o year_n which_o otherwise_o will_v not_o have_v come_v in_o much_o long_a time_n and_o that_o nothing_o near_o so_o good_a general_o sect._n 3_o a_o useful_a observation_n about_o cows-dung_n there_o be_v a_o notable_a difference_n betwixt_o sheeps-dung_n and_o that_o of_o other_o cattle_n as_o in_o the_o goodness_n and_o richness_n itself_o so_o in_o the_o particular_a last_o mention_v by_o they_o for_o that_o of_o ox_n and_o cow_n be_v no_o way_n fit_a for_o dung_v until_o it_o be_v grow_v old_a and_o have_v lyen_fw-we a_o soak_v with_o straw_n a_o great_a while_n daily_o experience_n show_v in_o ireland_n as_o in_o england_n and_o other_o country_n that_o in_o those_o place_n of_o the_o pasture_n where_o the_o fresh_a cowdung_n fall_v and_o remain_v the_o grass_n the_o next_o year_n do_v grow_v rank_a and_o high_a than_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o same_o field_n but_o so_o sour_a and_o unpleasing_a that_o the_o beast_n will_v not_o offer_v to_o touch_v it_o so_o as_o ordinary_o you_o shall_v see_v these_o tuft_n of_o grass_n stand_v whole_a and_o undiminish_a in_o the_o midst_n of_o pasture_n that_o every_o where_o else_o be_v eat_v bare_a and_o to_o the_o very_a ground_n the_o which_o as_o in_o part_n it_o may_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o dung_n the_o which_o being_n great_a than_o the_o earth_n can_v well_o digest_v and_o convenient_o unite_v with_o itself_o can_v be_v turn_v into_o so_o good_a and_o sweet_a nourishment_n so_o do_v it_o also_o without_o doubt_n come_v in_o part_n through_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o dung_n the_o which_o of_o itself_o and_o without_o a_o long_a preparation_n and_o alteration_n be_v not_o so_o fit_a to_o nourish_v the_o ground_n as_o that_o of_o sheep_n sect._n 4._o of_o pigeons-dung_n pigeons-dung_n also_o be_v very_o convenient_a for_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o i_o know_v some_o in_o ireland_n who_o have_v try_v that_o have_v find_v a_o wonderful_a deal_n of_o good_a in_o it_o incomparable_o more_o than_o in_o that_o of_o any_o fourfooted_a beast_n and_o of_o sheep_n themselves_o but_o the_o pigeon-house_n no_o where_o in_o ireland_n be_v so_o big_a as_o to_o afford_v any_o considerable_a quantity_n and_o never_o have_v hear_v of_o any_o body_n there_o who_o can_v dung_n more_o than_o a_o acre_n or_o two_o with_o all_o the_o pigeons-dung_n which_o have_v be_v gather_v the_o space_n of_o a_o whole_a twelvemonth_n it_o can_v well_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o common_a sort_n sect._n 5._o of_o ash_n and_o mud._n beside_o the_o dung_n of_o beast_n there_o be_v usual_a in_o ireland_n or_o be_v before_o this_o rebellion_n five_o or_o six_o other_o sort_n for_o to_o manure_v and_o improve_v the_o ground_n whereof_o some_o be_v as_o good_a as_o the_o dung_n consist_v of_o the_o excrement_n of_o beast_n and_o other_o do_v far_o surpass_v it_o one_o of_o these_o sort_n be_v ash_n and_o mud_n another_o as_o for_o the_o first_o i_o have_v understand_v of_o englishman_n who_o have_v live_v many_o year_n in_o ireland_n and_o all_o that_o while_o have_v exercise_v husbandry_n that_o they_o have_v use_v to_o gather_v all_o their_o ash_n of_o their_o hearth_n bake-house_n and_o brew-house_n be_v wood-ash_n and_o to_o lay_v they_o of_o a_o heap_n somewhere_o in_o the_o open_a air_n from_o whence_o at_o convenient_a time_n they_o will_v carry_v they_o upon_o their_o ground_n and_o there_o spread_v they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o dung_n but_o nothing_o near_o in_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n wherein_o they_o affirm_v to_o have_v find_v as_o much_o and_o more_o good_a than_o in_o any_o dung_n of_o beast_n and_o i_o know_v several_a other_o english_a who_o live_v in_o ireland_n do_v use_v to_o take_v the_o scour_n of_o their_o ditch_n together_o with_o other_o mud_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o bog_n and_o have_v let_v it_o lie_v a_o good_a while_o a_o rot_v in_o great_a heap_n do_v afterward_o carry_v it_o upon_o their_o land_n in_o lieu_n of_o dung_n the_o which_o they_o find_v very_o good_a and_o useful_a for_o that_o purpose_n these_o two_o sort_n be_v never_o yet_o bring_v into_o common_a use_n but_o only_o practise_v by_o some_o few_o person_n especial_o that_o of_o the_o ash_n although_o in_o other_o country_n they_o have_v be_v know_v long_o since_o so_o as_o pliny_n who_o live_v about_o fifteen_o hundred_o year_n ago_o write_v in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o the_o seventeen_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a history_n that_o in_o his_o time_n in_o that_o part_n of_o italy_n which_o be_v situate_v between_o the_o alps_n and_o the_o river_n po_n comprehend_v those_o country_n which_o now_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o piedmont_n and_o lombardy_n ash_n be_v more_o use_v and_o commend_v for_o the_o manure_n of_o the_o ground_n than_o the_o dung_n of_o beast_n as_o concern_v the_o burn_a of_o the_o heath_n and_o other_o dry_a herb_n stand_v upon_o the_o ground_n for_o to_o manure_v the_o land_n with_o the_o ash_n thereof_o that_o not_o proper_o belong_v to_o this_o place_n shall_v be_v speak_v of_o more_o at_o large_a in_o some_o of_o the_o ensue_a chapter_n sect._n 6._o of_o lime_n the_o english_a live_v in_o queens-county_n in_o leinster_n have_v see_v that_o in_o sundry_a part_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n especial_o in_o pembrookshire_n lime_n be_v use_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o the_o manure_a and_o enrich_v of_o their_o ground_n begin_v some_o year_n since_o to_o practice_v the_o same_o and_o find_v themselves_o so_o well_o thereby_o that_o in_o a_o

east-side_n and_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o coast_n there_o be_v also_o divers_a rock_n that_o always_o stand_v above_o water_n the_o which_o as_o they_o be_v dangerous_a in_o the_o dark_a night_n and_o in_o misty_a weather_n so_o at_o other_o time_n they_o be_v rather_o profitable_a than_o hurtful_a forasmuch_o as_o they_o serve_v the_o seafaring_a man_n for_o sea-mark_n and_o help_v they_o to_o discern_v the_o situation_n and_o distance_n of_o the_o coast_n wherefore_o also_o the_o most_o part_n of_o they_o have_v receive_v peculiar_a and_o proper_a name_n the_o principal_a of_o this_o whole_a number_n be_v the_o tuskar_n a_o great_a black_a smooth_a rock_n of_o fashion_n like_o unto_o a_o ship_n turn_v the_o upside_o downward_o but_o as_o big_a again_o lie_v south-eastwards_a from_o the_o point_n of_o greenore_n the_o space_n of_o three_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n west_n of_o the_o tuskar_n a_o great_a way_n and_o about_o a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o big_a of_o the_o saltee_n be_v the_o rock_n kinbeg_n to_o the_o north-east_n of_o the_o saltee_n stand_v two_o rock_n not_o far_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o of_o which_o the_o one_o of_o its_o situation_n be_v call_v northrock_n &_o the_o southermost_a the_o tun_n to_o the_o east_n of_o these_o two_o and_o about_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o point_n of_o carnarord_n lie_v black-rock_n be_v clean_o of_o all_o side_n so_o as_o ship_n may_v free_o sail_v round_o about_o it_o without_o any_o fear_n or_o danger_n a_o mile_n or_o two_o to_o the_o north_n of_o lambry_n lie_v a_o great_a rock_n call_v rock_n abill_n about_o which_o ship_n may_v sail_v of_o all_o side_n two_o mile_n beyond_o the_o north-point_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o strangford_n be_v two_o great_a rock_n the_o one_o call_v northrock_n and_o the_o other_o distant_a two_o mile_n from_o it_o to_o the_o south_n southrock_n the_o northrock_n be_v a_o number_n of_o rock_n lie_v close_o together_o divers_z whereof_o be_v cover_v at_o high-water_n from_o the_o end_n of_o these_o two_o shoot_v out_o riffe_n of_o foul_a and_o rocky-ground_n but_o betwixt_o they_o go_v a_o broad_a clean_o and_o deep_a channel_n through_o which_o all_o manner_n of_o ship_n even_o the_o big_a may_v pass_v six_o or_o seven_o mile_n to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o knockfergus_n and_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o land_n be_v the_o nine_o maid_n be_v great_a rock_n that_o lie_v but_o a_o little_a above_o the_o water_n or_o low_a rocky-ile_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o blind_a rock_n about_o the_o same_o so_o as_o ship_n may_v come_v no_o near_o to_o they_o than_o within_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o low_a rock_n or_o little_a rocky-iland_n be_v also_o those_o who_o be_v call_v eneste●hull-ilands_n be_v situate_v before_o the_o most_o northerly-point_n of_o ireland_n betwixt_o loughfoile_n and_o loughsuillie_a sect._n 6._o rock_n in_o the_o irish-sea_n upon_o the_o western_a and_o the_o southern-coast_n near_o the_o land_n of_o aran_n upon_o the_o north-west-coast_n of_o ireland_n lie_v several_a high_a rock_n call_v the_o stag_n of_o aran_n and_o such_o other_o rock_n call_v the_o stag_n of_o broad-haven_n lie_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o northern-point_n of_o broad-haven_n three_o mile_n to_o the_o northwest_n of_o akill-head_n lie_v black-rock_n a_o great_a high_a and_o black_a rock_n with_o several_a other_o rock_n near_o unto_o it_o on_o the_o north-side_n and_o westside_n of_o the_o land_n blaske_n lie_v over_o against_o the_o most_o westerly-point_n of_o ireland_n be_v several_a great_a rock_n some_o whereof_o be_v call_v the_o horse_n and_o other_o the_o buck_n seven_o or_o eight_o league_n to_o the_o south_n of_o blaske_n lie_v three_o great_a rock_n call_v the_o skelligh_n the_o easterly_a about_o three_o mile_n and_o the_o westerly_a six_o or_o seven_o mile_n from_o the_o land_n the_o which_o to_o those_o that_o come_v from_o the_o south_n when_o first_o they_o begin_v to_o see_v they_o resemble_v the_o sail_n of_o ship_n without_o the_o head_n of_o dorse_n lie_v three_o other_o great_a rock_n whereof_o the_o uttermost_a or_o the_o most_o westerly_a be_v call_v the_o bull_n the_o middlemost_a the_o cow_n and_o the_o three_o the_o calf_n be_v clean_o round_o about_o so_o as_o without_o any_o danger_n one_o may_v sail_v between_o they_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n west_n and_o by_o south_n of_o the_o head_n of_o clare_n lie_v a_o high_a steep_a rock_n alone_o in_o the_o sea_n call_v fastney_n the_o which_o at_o the_o first_o appear_v look_v like_o the_o sail_n of_o a_o ship_n two_o or_o three_o mile_n to_o the_o east_n of_o baltimore_n and_o a_o mile_n or_o two_o from_o the_o land_n lie_v five_o or_o six_o high_a steep_a rock_n call_v the_o stag_n as_o those_o of_o aran_n and_o broad-haven_n to_o those_o that_o come_v from_o the_o east_n along_o the_o land_n when_o first_o they_o begin_v to_o have_v they_o in_o sight_n they_o resemble_v some_o spire_n or_o pointed-steeple_n stand_v together_o two_o mile_n eastward_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o kinsale_n lie_v two_o great_a black_a rock_n the_o one_o somewhat_o far_o from_o the_o land_n than_o the_o other_o there_o lie_v also_o several_a rock_n near_o the_o little_a land_n of_o dalkee_n and_o irelands-eye_n the_o one_o situate_v before_o the_o north-point_n and_o the_o other_o before_o the_o south-point_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o dublin_n as_o heretofore_o we_o have_v show_v likewise_o on_o both_o end_n of_o the_o i_o will_v of_o lambey_n half_a way_n betwixt_o the_o same_o island_n and_o tredagh-haven_n close_o by_o the_o land_n near_o the_o island_n ranghlins_n near_o skire_v portrush_v and_o in_o several_a other_o place_n but_o the_o principal_a and_o most_o considerable_a be_v those_o whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v chap._n vi_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o irish-sea_n and_o of_o the_o tide_n which_o go_v in_o the_o same_o sect._n 1_o the_o irish-sea_n not_o so_o tempestuous_a as_o it_o be_v bruit_v to_o be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o irish-sea_n which_o divide_v ireland_n from_o great-britain_n be_v very_o much_o defame_v both_o by_o ancient_n and_o modern_a writer_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o boysterousness_n and_o tempestuousness_n as_o if_o it_o be_v more_o subject_a to_o storm_n and_o rage_a weather_n than_o any_o other_o and_o consequent_o not_o to_o be_v pass_v without_o very_o great_a danger_n mare_fw-la quod_fw-la hiberniam_fw-la &_o britanniam_fw-la interluit_fw-la undosum_fw-la inquietumque_fw-la toto_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la paucis_fw-la diebus_fw-la est_fw-la navigabile_fw-la that_o be_v the_o sea_n which_o pass_v betwixt_o ireland_n and_o britain_n be_v boisterous_a and_o restless_a so_o as_o but_o few_o day_n in_o the_o year_n ship_n can_v go_v upon_o it_o sai_z solinus_z with_o who_o giraldus_n who_o several_a time_n go_v to_o and_o fro_o betwixt_o england_n and_o ireland_n full_o agree_v write_v in_o this_o manner_n hibernicum_n mare_fw-la concurrentibus_fw-la fluctibus_fw-la undosissimum_fw-la fere_n semper_fw-la est_fw-la inquietum_fw-la it_o a_o ut_fw-la vix_fw-la etiam_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la paucis_fw-la diebus_fw-la se_fw-la navigantibus_fw-la tranquillum_fw-la praebeat_fw-la that_o be_v the_o irish-sea_n be_v very_o boisterous_a through_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o wave_n be_v almost_o always_o restless_a so_o as_o even_o in_o the_o summertime_n it_o be_v hardly_o for_o a_o few_o day_n quiet_a enough_o to_o be_v sail_v upon_o likewise_o also_o camden_n and_o speed_n give_v unto_o this_o sea_n the_o surname_n of_o boisterous_a and_o tempestuous_a yea_o it_o be_v a_o common_a proverb_n in_o england_n as_o unquiet_a as_o the_o irish-sea_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v nothing_o so_o bad_a as_o they_o make_v it_o and_o the_o word_n of_o stanyhurst_n in_o his_o annotation_n upon_o giraldus_n mare_n hibernicum_n satis_fw-la tranquillum_fw-la est_fw-la nisi_fw-la ventorum_fw-la vi_fw-la agit●tur_fw-la &_o non_fw-la solum_fw-la aestate_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la summa_fw-la hyem●_fw-la vectores_fw-la ultro_fw-la citroque_fw-la navigant_fw-la the_o irish-sea_n be_v quiet_a enough_o except_o when_o by_o high_a wind_n it_o be_v stir_v so_o as_o not_o only_o in_o the_o summer_n but_o even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n people_n do_v pass_v it_o to_o &_o fro_o be_v altogether_o true_a &_o confirm_v by_o daily_a experience_n true_a it_o be_v that_o some_o ship_n do_v perish_v upon_o this_o but_o the_o same_o happen_v as_o well_o upon_o other_o sea_n who_o be_v all_o subject_n to_o the_o disaster_n of_o tempest_n and_o shipwreck_n sect._n 2._o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o such_o ship_n as_o perish_v upon_o this_o sea_n the_o common_a cause_n of_o the_o cast_v away_o of_o ship_n upon_o this_o sea_n and_o upon_o the_o east-coast_n of_o ireland_n be_v this_o that_o in_o the_o long_a dark_a winter-night_n when_o this_o disaster_n be_v more_o frequent_a than_o at_o

other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n some_o furious_a storm_n arise_v the_o ship_n be_v dash_v against_o the_o rock_n against_o the_o rocky_a shore_n or_o against_o those_o ground_n which_o extend_v themselves_o betwixt_o the_o tuskar_n and_o the_o bay_n of_o dublin_n whilst_o the_o steer-man_n and_o pilot_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o darkness_n not_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v the_o land_n or_o any_o of_o their_o wont_a mark_n do_v not_o know_v which_o way_n to_o steer_v to_o shun_v those_o dangerous_a place_n and_o to_o keep_v themselves_o in_o the_o open_a sea_n sect._n 3_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o irish-sea_n the_o ground_n of_o the_o irish-sea_n as_o well_o in_o the_o midst_n as_o under_o the_o land_n be_v almost_o every_o where_o clear_a sand_n but_o in_o some_o place_n black_a and_o muddy_a or_o oasi●-earth_n in_o very_a few_o place_n rough_a and_o sharp_a and_o scarce_o any_o where_o else_o but_o in_o the_o bay_n of_o wickloe_n so_o hard_a and_o stiff_o compact_v that_o the_o anchor_n can_v take_v no_o hold_n of_o it_o sect._n 4._o of_o the_o tide_n in_o the_o irish-sea_n what_o concern_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v in_o this_o sea_n which_o inviron_v ireland_n upon_o all_o the_o westside_n it_o flow_v against_o the_o land_n and_o the_o ebb_n fall_v back_o from_o it_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o flood_n from_o and_o the_o ebb_n towards_o the_o west_n for_o which_o reason_n very_o great_a tide_n as_o well_o of_o ebb_n as_o flood_n go_v upon_o all_o this_o coast_n not_o only_o the_o open_a shore_n but_o in_o the_o bay_n and_o inlet_n even_o those_o which_o go_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o land_n as_o the_o haven_n of_o limmerick_n so_o as_o those_o who_o have_v be_v at_o galloway_n do_v assure_v we_o that_o it_o do_v so_o mighty_o ebb_v and_o flow_v there_o that_o at_o high-water_n great_a vessel_n may_v sail_v over_o those_o rock_n the_o which_o with_o the_o ebb_n come_v above_o water_n upon_o the_o other_o side_n of_o ireland_n it_o eb_v and_o flow_v along_o the_o land_n for_o upon_o the_o north-side_n of_o ireland_n the_o ebb_n and_o flood_n fall_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o upon_o the_o westside_n flow_v from_o and_o ebb_v towards_o the_o west_n but_o upon_o the_o east-side_n from_o fair-foreland_n unto_o carlingford_n the_o flood_n come_v from_o and_o the_o ebb_n fall_v to_o the_o north_n as_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o east-side_n to_o wit_n from_o carlingford_n to_o carnarord_n it_o flow_v from_o the_o south_n and_o eb_v from_o the_o north._n for_o although_o upon_o all_o this_o side_n the_o flood_n run_v along_o the_o land_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o take_v its_o beginning_n from_o one_o and_o the_o same_o but_o two_o contrary_a point_n the_o which_o two_o flood_n come_v the_o one_o out_o of_o the_o main-sea_n in_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o out_o of_o the_o main-sea_n in_o the_o south_n do_v meet_v and_o stop_v one_o another_o before_o the_o haven_n of_o carlingford_n from_o tuskar_n and_o carnarord_n as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o head_n of_o clare_n be_v the_o whole_a south-eastcoast_a of_o munster_n the_o flood_n fall_v along_o the_o coast_n east-north-east_n and_o the_o ebb_n west-south-west_n but_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o munster_n beyond_o the_o head_n of_o clare_n westward_n which_o coast_n lie_v west_n and_o by_o south_n the_o flood_n fall_v eastward_o and_o the_o ebb_n to_o the_o west_n sect._n 5._o strong_a tide_n in_o the_o sound_v strange_a propriety_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o wexford_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o tide_n that_o which_o the_o seafaring_a man_n do_v witness_n that_o in_o the_o sound_n of_o blaske_n of_o dalkee_n and_o in_o that_o of_o lambey_n as_o also_o in_o some_o other_o narrow_a channel_n of_o this_o sea_n there_o go_v a_o very_a strong_a tide_n as_o well_o of_o the_o ebb_n as_o flood_n be_v no_o other_o than_o may_v be_v observe_v almost_o every_o where_o else_o in_o place_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n but_o it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v wonder_v what_o the_o same_o do_v relate_v of_o the_o channel_n or_o entrance_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o wexford_n to_o wit_n that_o it_o eb_v and_o flow_v there_o three_o hour_n soon_o than_o without_o in_o the_o open_a sea_n so_o as_o when_o it_o be_v high_a water_n in_o the_o channel_n of_o that_o haven_n and_o upon_o the_o bar_n of_o the_o same_o the_o flood_n do_v still_o for_o half_a a_o tide_n or_o three_o hour_n after_o strong_o run_v by_o it_o to_o the_o north_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o end_n of_o hanemans-path_n a_o great_a sand_n lie_v just_a before_o the_o haven_n of_o wexford_n be_v cast_v up_o more_o and_o more_o to_o the_o north_n and_o that_o the_o channel_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o north-side_n of_o that_o sand_n be_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o haven_n be_v now_o more_o to_o the_o north_n than_o it_o have_v be_v former_o and_o as_o it_o flow_v three_o hour_n long_o in_o the_o open_a sea_n than_o upon_o the_o bar_n and_o in_o the_o channel_n of_o this_o haven_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n also_o the_o ebb_n in_o the_o sea_n fall_v to_o the_o south_n three_o hour_n after_o that_o it_o be_v low_a water_n in_o the_o same_o place_n but_o not_o so_o strong_o as_o the_o flood_n sect._n 6._o some_o other_o strange_a particular_n about_o the_o tide_n in_o the_o i●ish-sea_n relate_v by_o giraldus_n but_o find_v not_o to_o be_v true_a more_o strange_a it_o be_v what_o giraldus_n write_v of_o the_o havens_n of_o wickloe_n and_o arckloe_n to_o wit_n that_o in_o wickloe-haven_n it_o ever_o flow_v when_o in_o the_o sea_n it_o eb_v and_o that_o it_o eb_v there_o when_o it_o flow_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o in_o the_o same_o river_n this_o haven_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o little_a river_n the_o water_n be_v salt_n as_o well_o when_o the_o ebb_n be_v at_o the_o low_a as_o at_o the_o flow_a and_o high-water_n and_o that_o to_o the_o contrary_a in_o that_o riveler_n which_o at_o arcklo_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o water_n keep_v its_o sweetness_n at_o all_o time_n never_o receive_v the_o mixture_n of_o any_o saltness_n as_o well_o with_o the_o flood_n and_o high-water_n as_o with_o the_o ebb_n but_o experience_n show_v these_o thing_n to_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o truth_n as_o also_o what_o he_o write_v of_o a_o rock_n not_o far_o from_o arcklo_n at_o the_o one_o side_n whereof_o he_o say_v that_o it_o always_o eb_v when_o it_o do_v flow_v on_o the_o other_o and_o to_o the_o contrary_n also_o that_o in_o milford-haven_n situate_v in_o the_o southernmost_a part_n of_o wales_n in_o a_o manner_n over_o against_o waterford_n and_o upon_o the_o next_o coast_n it_o eb_v and_o flow_v at_o quite_o contrary_a time_n to_o what_o it_o do_v at_o dublin_n and_o the_o coast_n thereabouts_o so_o that_o it_o shall_v begin_v to_o ebb_v in_o milford-haven_n when_o in_o the_o bay_n of_o dublin_n it_o begin_v to_o flow_v and_o to_o flow_v in_o milford-haven_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o ebb_v at_o dublin_n which_o how_o untrue_a it_o be_v all_o those_o can_v witness_v who_o have_v be_v in_o both_o place_n have_v have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o observe_v the_o time_n and_o hour_n at_o what_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n soever_o wherein_o it_o do_v begin_v to_o ebb_v and_o to_o flow_v there_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o spring_n and_o fountain_n item_n of_o the_o brook_n and_o rivulet_n of_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o spring_n and_o fountain_n have_v sufficient_o speak_v of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o ireland_n lie_v and_o of_o whatsoever_o belong_v thereunto_o we_o shall_v now_o before_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o land_n itself_o speak_v of_o the_o water_n within_o the_o land_n first_o of_o the_o spring_n and_o brook_n afterward_o of_o the_o river_n and_o last_o of_o the_o lough_n or_o lake_n as_o for_o the_o first_o to_o wit_n fountain_n and_o spring_n ireland_n be_v very_o full_a of_o they_o every_o where_o not_o only_o in_o the_o mountainous_a and_o hilly_a part_n but_o even_o in_o the_o flat_a and_o champain_n country_n which_o spring_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v all_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o fashion_n be_v like_a unto_o a_o small_a pit_n full_a of_o water_n up_o to_o the_o brim_n at_o the_o low_o ●ide_v whereof_o the_o water_n do_v run_v forth_o without_o make_v any_o noise_n or_o bubble_a for_o that_o kind_a of_o fountain_n which_o forcible_o burst_v out_o of_o the_o side_n of_o a_o rock_n or_o spout_v their_o water_n on_o high_a be_v very_o rare_o to_o be_v find_v in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o water_n of_o these_o well-spring_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n cool_v clear_a and_o pure_a free_a from_o all_o strange_a smell_n and_o