perswaded he returned with all expedition to the king who assuring himselfe the more by the denial of the former related accusations instantly commanded his guard of twelue thousand Courtchies to be in a readinesse with which and a thousand of the Xa-Hammagaes he vsed such celerity that he preuented the newes of his comming and was sooner arriued at Ferrats house then he had almost opinion that his messenger had beene returned yet although amazed with his owne guiltinesse and the kings sudden comming he made shift to make great shew of the indisposition which hee had so long counterfeited The king as soone as he came vnto him said that hee had taken a great iourney to visit him in his sicknesse and to bring him the cure thereof and hauing commanded all out of the Chamber but themselues onely alone as the king himselfe told me he vsed such like speeches vnto him Father I do acknowledge that first from God then from you these fortunes which now I haue haue receiued their being And I know that as a man I may both erre in my merit to God and in my well deseruing of your seruice But my intention I can assure you is most perfect in both the time of my establishment in my estate hath beene so small that I could scarce vse it sufficiently to performe my generall duty towards my people ouer whom by Gods permission I am appoynted much lesse to prouide for euery particular satisfaction as I mind and will doe which you principally as a Father to me both in your yeares and my election should haue borne withal But since some ill spirit hath had power to mis-leade your wisedome so far as to make you forget your great vertue you shall once receiue wholesome counsell from me as I haue done often from you And because that all counsels as well in publicke as priuate deliberations require a reposed spirit free and pure from wrath feare all perturbation or perticular interest for a troubled mind is more apt to erre then to aduse iustly and hath more need of proper medicines for it selfe then it hath properly in it selfe to apply any comfort to others and is fitter to receiue then to giue counsell from which as from a great and violent current are caried all those errours and disorders which are brought vpon rash deliberations the which haue euer long repentances and disasters as the perpetuall memories of their hauing bene and are most of all detestably blameable when such an imprudency is accompanied with that infinite damage as to thinke of alteration in a state which cannot proceede without in-iustice seeleratenesse bloud and a thousand mischiefes an act in it selfe wonderfull difficult wonderfull wicked and proceeding from an incomparable vile quality But hee that can restraine himselfe from being transported by vntemperate apetites and can dominate his passions and giue a iust rule to himselfe to his cupidities and desires doth euer giue the best time to all deliberations by mittigating heat and fury and so altereth all counsell from that nature which it receiueth from an vnquiet and troubled mind Which if you had done you would not haue entred into a thought onely of so dangerous an action against your selfe nor so dishonourable as to haue machinated the ruine and trouble of your owne King Friend Country which though it be palesated it is but to my selfe only who rather desire to chastice you as a friend with good admonition then by rigour Therfore though it be euer incident to all men to haue this great defect to feare chiefely nearest dangers and to esteeme much lesse then they ought of the future Yet bee you most assured that the perill which you might feare from my person is much lesse then that which you had throwne your selfe into if you had or should prosecute your enterprizes From my person you shall neuer except by great constraint from your selfe looke for any thing of other condition then a true Princely loue and a Royall regard of your seruices In the other course you called against my will vpon your selfe the rigor of Iustice and fury of the sword which in the warre consumeth all alike And because in that aduersity which a mans minde bringeth vpon himselfe the feares and terrours are euer greater then the euils which concurre with them be you of good comfort without the feeling onely of any such conditioned thing and call strength from your minde to your body that you may endure to go with me to Hisphaan where you shall haue cause to digest all these melancholies Ferrat neither excused nor confessed but indifferently answered the king as sory to haue giuen cause of offence and infinitely reioycing as hee seemed that the king had so royally pacified himselfe with him and not daring to refuse to go with the king desired him to vse some few daies in the visiting of the Countrey in which time hee hoped that God and the comfort of his presence would raise him from his infirmity The king certainly as I before said was by all necessity in the world either forced to execute him or to recōcile him perfectly vnto him for any midle course had but made him desperate and aggrauated all sort of perill which he might haue feared from him his seruices already done his valour and vertue were of great moment to perswade the king to the easier way being ioyned to his owne excellent mind which I haue seene the rarest proofes of that may bee brought forth by Prince or man liuing But Ferrat Can who knew that true iustice neuer weigheth offences and deserts but seuerally and without intermingling them together rewardeth the one and chasticeth the other and that benefites are more easier forgotten then iniuries feeling the weight of his offence and measuring the kings heart by his owne gaue the wickednesse of his minde power ouer his vertue And though hee seemed altered to all good intentions yet his heart was still swollen with that poyson which shortly brought him to destruction The king hauing staid some eight or ten dayes in the Countrey was sooner hastened thence then hee thought by the newes of the Queenes death who was deceased by a sudden and violent sicknesse after his departure so that with great speede taking Ferrat with him and leauing Lieu-tenant in the Countrey for Ferrat Mahomet Shefia he returned to Hisphaan where after some dayes spent in sorrow for his great losse hee sent to Alexander the other Can of the Georgians to demand his daughter by that meanes to binde againe that league which might haue beene dissolued by the death of the other Queene In that Embassage went Xa-Tamas Coolibeague who returned with the Lady within few moneths In the meane time the brother to that king of Corasan who had so royally and carefully brought vp the king of Persia when he fled from the wrath of his father rebelled against his brother slue him and all his children but onely one whose tutors fled with
Iudges Aduocates and his Maiesties Councell appointed for the good of the Prouince hauing euer taken those direct waies which were fit for his Maiesty and benefite of the Prouince if the Gouernour in his particular acts had taken counsels with his particular appetites and executed them according to the same neither he nor any of the Councel were blameable neuer hauing heard a voice onely to that effect which those men also who were a great number falling downe vpon their faces confessed to the King and that their long silence had giuen the Gouernour the more boldnesse to vse the vtermost of extortion and tyrannous exaction vpon them The Gouernour denied some maintained other to bee done vpon iust causes but all so confusedly and with so vnstable a fashion of proceeding as hee bewrayed his owne guiltinesse notwithstanding the king stayed his iudgement either of him or the causes vntill another day of hearing In the meane time hee appoynted Marganobeague Bastan-Aga and one Maxausebeague which is as it were Treasurer of his house to take some secret wayes to finde the true carriage of the Gouernour during the whole time of his function Which they did with great vprightnesse and dexterity And hauing related what they had approuedly found there were so many and so great causes brought against him I meane of wresting of Money bribery monopolizing and such things as more could not bee imagined which had beene small matters in a Princes state whose fauours and graces are priuiledged aboue the common good of the people and who change by their owne conniuence their Royall estate to a tyranny of fauourites and a few Counsellors who concurring in the spoyle of the people concurre also in so cruell a suppression of their iust cryes that their lifting vp their voyces for Iustice is as great a sinne as almost a perfect Rebellion and the same Iustice which should protect them against inique oppression inflicteth seuere chastisement onely for presuming to palesate such oppressions A miserable calamitie for the poore flocke where the Sheepheards heareth the wooll and the Brambles rent the flesh But this King whom wee call barbarous though from his example wee may learne many great and good things knowing that the true care of a Prince must bee euer the publique good and the capablenesse of his ruling would bee iudged by his true Iustice and election of his Ministers and distribution of his fauour vpon the worthiest which also should make a worthy vse of it The next day that hee sate in iudgement hee called the Gouernour then hauing told him that hee which had liued with him in the time of his greatest calamity must needes bee so well acquainted with the inwardnesse of his disposition that all the world would imagine as Princes euer are examples of good or euill to their subiects so they are most to those which are neereliest conuersant with them And according to that opinion hee had giuen him his authority for the great fauour and confidence hee reposed in him that hee knew well the errour which they had both committed the one not making a true iudgement of the others disposition That the transgression of Lawes and Orders in any State was the first naturall corruption which grew in it to prouide for which good Princes did both watchfully industriate themselues and dispersed part of the care which grew too great for themselues to the trust they had in the vertue of their Ministers who should euer as the very greatest and truest causes beware of those courses of Iustice which should bee of least terrour and procure themselues and their Princes most hatred which was to pill the subiects goods a thing of no example but to euill and of infinite odiousnesse especially when there was no iust cause why any sort of punishment should bee inflicted And because these acts of so great a Minister as hee was both for the place hee held of authority and fauour with him might giue the world cause to suspect his owne inclination the which since no former example could make him knowe hee would now shew the world and teach him that the wickednesse of Princes and great Men are worse in the example thâ—n in the fault since by the euill custome of the world to follow them they generate great corruptions by the imitation of others And because in a man of his place there could bee no more wicked acts then hee had committed nor in a Prince nothing more proportionable with his place nor fitter for his security then the chastisement of such wicked acts And if hee should pardon so great extortions and scelerate wronges as hee had inflicted vpon the poore people committed to his charge besides that hee should verifie the worst suspicions men might haue of him he should by so ill a president trouble the mindes of his whole state cast many good men and their goods into ruine multiply the like or worse scandals oppressing the causes of Iustice and so draw into the world without shame or feare all sort of excesses this should bee his iudgement That all his Goods and Lands should bee sold for the satisfaction of those men whom hee had spoyled And if any thing wanted since the King by giuing him that Authority was partly the cause of those excesses hee condemned himselfe to pay the residue out of his Treasury That if any thing aduanced it should be giuen to his Children with a grieuous Edict that no succour should bee ministred vnto himselfe For that since Death was a concluder of his offence shame and the memory of it hee should not dye but goe during his life with a great yoke like a Hoggesyoke about his necke haue his Nose and Eares cut off and haue no charitable releefe from any but what hee gained with his owne hands that he might feele in himselfe the misery which poore men haue to get and what a sinne it is to rent from them by violent extortion the birth of their sweat and labour This Iudgement strooke a mighty amazement into all the great men present and gaue an infinite ioy and comfort to the people The Turkes Embassadour which was there after he had stood silent a great while as a man halfe distracted sware publikely that hee saw before his eyes his maisters ruine being impossible that such fortune and vertue as the king was accompanied with could receiue any obstacle That night hee made Marganobeagus Gouernour of Casbin beeing well admonished by that great example of his duty Constantino a braue yong Gentleman being a Christian of Georgia hee called Mirza and gaue him the gouernement of Hisphaan and mee also hee called Mirza telling mee that hee would prouide condignely for mee And because hee had an vrgent occasion to goe post to Cassan I should receiue his pleasure by Marganobeague who brought mee the next morning a thousand Tomanas which is sixteene thousand Duckets of our Money fortie horses all furnished two with exceeding rich
fauour or benefite Therefore since being too secure doth but giue way to danger and the knowledge of the worst is the best meanes to preuent all that may be ill let not your desires of promouing this great and good businesse blind you from foreseeing all sorts of preoccupations which we both haue taâ—ed of and you alone may perchance find greater but not beholding too fixed and stedfastly what the King in equitie and the truth of the cause should doe penetrate into the soule of the actioÌ„ the stability or mutablenesse of his nature his ordinarie or forced inclinations Finally into his present humours or â—uture likely pretences and then present him with those reasons which your best iudgement shall haue prouided for him in fit time and with a wel vnderstanding dexteritie The factioÌ„s of the Court you must make your selfe learned in and beare your selfe wisely and vprightly betweene both you hauing no streÌ„gth to adde power to any of both but any of those hauing power to subuert you so that by shewing to vnderstaÌ„d those that are against you you shall but make them your more apparant enemies and by depending absolutely vpoÌ„ the other procure no assured strength to our selfe but a demonstration without effect whensoeuer they shal ioyn together for their owne interesses which often happeneth betweene factions in Courts you shal be left a pray to those which hate you whose reuenge shal be certaine the others faith nothing The corruptions of all Courts giuing a licence to great men to serue their turnes vpon lesser in all thinges and more then for that to regard them in nothing Besides the ordinarie dispositions of such is to winke at our priuate friends mischiefe and as you must not declare your selfe soly for the one nor wholy against the other so you must not couertly beare them both in hand that you are theirs such artifice being of the poorest and weakest condition nothing being able to be hid from the spying eyes in Court and such an illusion once perceiued is so farre without remedie as euery man will hate you and no man trust you You must then beare your selfe equally to all keeping all friends and making no enemies depending vpon no man but your owne vertue and worthinesse and his affection which in the perfection of his owne royall minde is onely to be preserued by honest wayes In cases of your businesse you shall need vse no such diligence as frame partialities factions being alreadie made and animated and armed watching with the verie strength of their desires to aduance their Honours by the good or ill successe of it You must bee constant against rumors and beware to bee noted a willing bearer of such reports as may either touch any in Honour or otherwise to be taken for an offence and may giue your selfe cause of suspition for any of those bring extrinsicke danger or intrinsicke errours from both which you must liue free and vnattained You shall heare many speake sometimes through their owne imperfections sometime to proue yours and sometimes to please as they thinke the companie but you must know that all hearts are not of one complexion and you shall hazard euer to Card ill that play to please one by displeasing another since benefits euer bee more easily forgotten then iniures and though the respect of common friendship and almost societiere quire otherwise yet such wrongs are without meanes of reuenge and good turnes are without memorie of recompence You must auoide inconstancie and the very appearance of lightnesse as a dangerous downefall for where it is there is neither vnderstanding or iudgment to discerne the actions of others nor grauitie to measure that which properly belongeth to your selfe besides the world by taking notice of your infirmitie will alwayes feare volubilitie in all your actions Finally though I am most assured vertue hath so great power in your minde and your owne vnderstanding so full of all good thinges that you may be an example to my precepts Yet I will say this not as needing but in the necessitie of my loue which desireth more then it doubteth of Giue your selfe deare Brother to learne of the best fashion your selfe to the most worthie examples which you haue seene aspire to nothing for vanitie or ostentation neglect no good thing for feare and mingle equally awfulnesse to offend and diligence to proceed worthily in all your actions And you shall haue fauour from the King loue from the best hatred from none securitie from all honour from the effects which will proceed from your doings and God will blesse you with his mercie directing your wayes to his glorie to good ends and so to good example among these misbeleeuers with whoÌ„ for a time it is your fortune to liue and to raise from this place a long lasting glorie and reputation to your selfe and name for euer And this was all my exceeding sorrow could force it selfe to vtter and the King returning also whom my Brother must follow interrupted the course of any longer discourse of mine or his answer But when I came to Casbin though I knew his mind both by nature and learning as plentifully furnished as a Gentleman might be who had hopefull conditions in himselfe and all the additions which the tender care of friendes and his owne diligently well-spent time could giue him Yet vnderstanding well in how dangerous a sea his young years were to nauigate and that no addition of prouidence could be superfluous firmely to support his owne securitie and the maine end of our great businesse hauing compiled as well as the shortnesse of the time of my abiding in that place would suffer me and as much as I could bring to any sort of fashioÌ„ out of so imperfect a mould as that of my little vnderstanding these remnants of the chiefe properties of aâ—l estates to giue him the better light how clearly to see into that wherin he was and to helpe the way of his businesse according to the motiues which it was like he might receiue by the commaundement of some of our Princes from hence desiring him with all to remember that Court carriages were riddles which though seene could not bee resolued without exceeding patience and well iudging experience And that by no meanes hee should flie from his owne vertue to make his foundation vpon the Kings fauor Princes euer hauing this imperfection almost inseparable to their greatnesse to be infinite voluble and as their minds are large so they easily ouerlooke their first fauours which they purposed and can as hardly loue truly as acknowledge a benefite their disposition being to be easily glutted with the present and hope better of the future especially hauing no other necessity in the constaÌ„t carrying of their affections then their owne satisfactions And these other trifles which I lent him I did wish him to ouerlooke as grounds only for his spirit to discourse more largely vpon desiring by them to point vnto him that exercise which the cause that wee were entred in made not onely fittest for his minde to vse but most necessarie our fortune hauing then giuen into our management the good or ill of diuers states according to the successe of our employment And since there is a certaine iudgement of the euent of things according to the perfect or imperfect disposition of the body by which those things are to be effected his iudgement would bee the better to discourse and discerne what the proceeding of this businesse was like to be by vnderstanding the principal elements by which the body of all estates are compacted and then by dilating with himselfe the good or defectiue mixture in euery particular state which hee knew by his owne experience and others relation Those Elements which giue both matter and being to those huge bodies were Counsell Force and Reputation The Forme were the Lawes which Aristotle calleth Mens sine appetitu The Organ by which this worke and the whole body moueth to his end is the Prince and his Ministers But because the time I had was so short as I could but briefly speake of all these I did conclude them in the Discourse which I gaue him of these three maine foundations Counsell Force and Reputation FINIS A 〈…〉 â—he course of 〈◊〉 s Turkes â—ouernment happy dâ—lirance from â—ger A hard distresse â—â—â—ard diâ—esse â—â—strange preâ—â—ence â—â—strange and â—â—traordinary â—â—ndnesse of a â—â—orentine The means which K. Abâ— setled the quâ— et of Persia. â—he kings graâ—â—us speech Ferrat The Kings Triumphant entry into Cabin after his victory â—ir Anthony herleis first â—utation and â—eech to the â—ing The Kings anâ—were Sir Anthony Sherâ—â—is present to the King of Perâ— A memoâ— punishmâ— extortioâ— The King of Persiacs iudgement vpon aâ— Extortioner Sir Anthony â—â—ade a Mirza The rich present sent him by the King â—ir Antâ—ony â—herâ—â—es perâ—wasiue to the 〈◊〉 to â—â—ke warre â—gainst the 〈◊〉 The Vsciveâ— diâ—swaâ—ue 〈◊〉 position 〈◊〉 Persian â—â—nerall his â—â—swere to the 〈…〉 s disswaâ—e The great Chamberlaiâ— speech The Kings censure conciuâ— on oâ—â—he comultation Thâ— Kings 〈…〉 the câ—nsultaâ— tion The Persian Vâ—â—câ—â—rs complement with Sir Anthony Sâ—eâ—â—â—y The proud message deliuered by the Turks Embassador to the King of Peâ—siâ— The King of 〈◊〉 his answer to the Turkâ— Embaâ—â—ador The King of Persia agreeth to the perswasion of Sir Anthony Sherley Sir Anthony Sheâ—ly câ—â—firmeth the King in hiâ— purposâ— of sending to the Pâ—inâ—es of Christâ—nâ—â—m â— King of 〈◊〉 Reâ—â—â—on to emâ—y Sir Aâ—â—â—â—ny Sâ—â—lâ—y as Embassaâ—â—r Sâ—r A 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the â—n 〈◊〉 〈…〉 â—he Persian â—agnifiâ—ence their soâ—mne feasts Two great fortunes which befell the king during his feast 1. The submission of the Tartars to his Crowne 2. The rich present with the allâ—â—nâ—e of the great Mogâ—r offâ—â—ed to the Pâ—â—sâ—â—â— The comming of two Friers to insinuate with Sir Anthon Sherlâ—y The enterprise of â—ur Aâ—tiâ—â—â— Slâ—â—â—â— oâ—ertâ—â—o vne by his owne Instâ—â—ment The causeâ— for whiâ—â— the Kâ—ng of â—â—â—sâ—a detaâ—ned Sir Robert Sâ—â—rley The abâ—se wiâ—h the tâ—ue and â—roper vâ—e oâ— studies Sâ—r Anton Sherleys comâ—â—ndation of his brothe Sir Robert Sâ—erley Sir Robert Sâ—erleys answere to the King of Persia. Sir Anthonie Sheâ—leyâ— instructions and aduice to his brother Sir Robert Sheâ—ley when he left him in Persia. The bond of Nature and â—â—oud Negotiation with Princes Factions of the Court. Factions Rumors Speeches Inconstancie
SIR ANTONY SHERLEY HIS RELATION OF HIS TRAVELS INTO PERSIA THE DANGERS AND DIStresses which befell him in his passage both by sea and land and his strange and vnexpected deliuerances HIS MAGNIFICENT ENTERTAINEment in PERSIA his Honourable imployment there-hence as Embassadour to the Princes of Christendome the cause of his disapointment therein with his aduice to his brother Sir ROBERT SHERLEY ALSO A TRVE RELATION OF THE great Magnificence Valour Prudence Iustice Temperance and other manifold Vertues of ABAS now King of PERSIA with his great Conquests whereby he hath inlarged his Dominions Penned by Sr. ANTONY SHERLEY and recommended 〈…〉 brother Sr. ROBERT SHERLEY being now in proâ—â—cution of the like Honourable Imployment LONDON Printed for Nathaniell Butter and Ioseph Bagfet 1613. TO THE READER MAny haue beene desirous to vnderstand on what hopes helpes and grounds Sir Anthony Sherley with his brother Sir Robert Sherley and many other friends and followers of our Nation could not onely be induced to vndertake to trauell into a Kingdome so farre remote and to liue amongst a people so farre different in Religion Language and Manners as that of Persia is from ours but also he supplied of all necessaries for life in a plenteous and magnificent manner and so highly endeare his seruice and industry to that King and State as to bee esteemed and called a Mirza or Prince of Persia and to bee employed within few monthes after his comming thither as Embassador from so great a Potentate in a matter of such maâ—ne consequence and trust to many of the greatest Princes and States of Christendome And no lesse haue many meruailed how after his failing in the accomplishment of so great an enterprise for want of due correspondence in an Instrument hee had taken vnto him out of that Country for his better credence his Brother Sir Robert Sherley whom hee left behind him in Persia could not onely maintaine his reputation but win so much credite with that King as to be honoured with the Title of his Embassadour to the Princes of Christendome in the like employment newly reuiued At his late being here in England where hee hath beene so accepted as in the Courts of other great Princes of Christendome a Gentleman of some vnderstanding conuersing oftentimes with him and being desirous of true information concerning that action whereof he had formerly heard and read some incoherent and fabulous reports conferred with him often concerning the carriage and circumstances of their proceedings and thereby gaue him occasion to discourse vnto him as well of the motiues of that enterprise as of many accidents that befell him and his Brother in the conduct of that affaire Wherein al-be-it hee receiued good satisfaction in diuers particularities yet because the questions occasioning such discourse were but incidently moued and by many occasions that happened their conferences were often interrupted On the entreaty of the said Gentleman for the better satisfying of himselfe and such others of his friends as might bee desirous out of their curiosity to vnderstand the whole progresse dependance and prosecution of the said voyage into Persia hee obtained of the Persian Embassadour a Copy of this discourse penned by his Brother Sir Anthony Sherley as it seemeth since his returne out of Persia into Europe for the better satisfaction of his friends and preseruing the memory of so memorable an action To these labours of his Brother Sir Robert Sherley himselfe as time and opportunity shall giue him leaue hath promised some addition of his owne endeuours which being not yet in such readinesse as his friends haue wished and desired This discourse being but the former part yet containing the Register â—f so rare an attempt whatsoeuer the sucâ—sse hath bene or may bee as hath seldome bene seene in this or any former age by a priuate Gentleman to haue beene enterprized the same being recorded by his owne pen who hath beene the first and chiefe Actor in it hath bene thought by men of mature iudgement to whom it hath beene communicated besides the History it selfe which is pleasing and delightfull to containe many fruitfull aduertisements So that hauing in it both the eleuations of a high spirit and the obseruations of a man experienced and versed in great affaires it is the rather vnto thee re-commended THE TRVE History of Sir Anthony Sherleys Trauels into Persia Penned by himselfe SINCE men are brought forth vpon the earth for good ends the principallest of which is the glory of God and then to better the world in which many haue had bands either of necessity or other occupations to haue lesse experience by their knowledge I thinke I should mightily erre if I should not deliuer as well to others what I haue seene and learned by my passing so many and so strange countries as I should haue done if had not giuen my time and the expence of it to the first end which was and is God his great glory In my first yeares my friends bestowed on mee those learnings which were fit for a Gentlemans ornament without directing them to an occupation and when they were fit for agible things they bestowed them and me on my Princes seruice in which I ran many courses of diuers fortunes according to the condition of the warres in which as I was most exercised so was I most subiect to accidents With what opinion I carried my selfe since the causes of good or ill must be in my selfe and that a thing without my selfe I leaue it to them to speake my places yet in authority in those occasions were euer of the best in which if I committed errour it was contrary to my will and a weakenesse in my iudgement which notwithstanding I euer industriated my selfe to make perfect correcting my owne ouer-sights by the most vertuous examples I could make choise of Amongst which as there was not a Subiect of more worthinesse and vertue for such examples to grow from then the euer-liuing in honour and condigne estimation the Earle of Essex as my reuerence and regard to his rare qualities was exceeding so I desired as much as my humility might answere with such an eminency to make him the patterne of my ciuill life and from him to draw a worthy modell of all my actions And as my true loue to him did transforme me from my many imperfections to bee as it were an imitator of his vertues so his affection was such to mee that hee was not onely contended I should do so but in the true Noblenesse of his minde gaue me liberally the best treasure of his mind in counselling mee his fortune to helpe mee forward and his very care to beare mee vp in all those courses which might giue honour to my selfe and inworthy the name of his friend in so much that after many actions into which peraduenture he prouoked my owne slackenesse The Duke of Ferrara dying and leauing Don Cesare D'Este Inheritor of that Principality who by his birth could indeed challenge nothing
dangerous are the â—aies of Princes and all men so foolish to striue to runne â— them The Kings entrance into Hisphaan was there of the same fashion that it was at Cassan differing onely in this that for some two English miles the waies were couered all with Veluet Sattin and cloth of Gold where his â—orse should passe After hee had bene setled there foureâ—eene daies remembring what Oliuer Di-Can had said vnto me I determined to loose no more time but to try the vttermost of my fortune in bringing to a resolution that enterprise the imagination of which had cost mee so much time and so much danger and was the chiefe moving-mouing-cause at the first and now the onely mouing cause of comming thither And I was the more encouraged to do it by the fresh memory of God his mighty prouidence ouer me past and by the exceeding great fauour of the King which I knew to be his great worke who moueth the hearts of Princes to make them instruments of his iudgements which by all apparant demonstrations I conceiued determined against the Turke Therefore taking the opportunity of the Kings being alone with me and my brother in a Garden with my Interpreter onely and Xa-Tamas-Coolibeague I spake vnto him to this effect That my affection growne onely vpon the fame of his Maiesty had guided me from a farre Countrey into his presence by which I found his royall vertues so far exceeding the relation which I had heard that as I did admire them so I had a kind of forceable mouing in my nature to desire condigne fortunes to accompany them Besides my particular obligation to his Maiesty was so great that I was bound not onely to say what I thought fit for his seruice but to do as much as my life might accomplish for the same More-ouer being emboldned by his royall gracious answer vnto me vpon the way which I did take for a kind of commandement I would presume to say some-thing more largely then I did then of that which I tooke to concerne his Maiesty as much as any thing else could Neither would I speake any thing of other condition then such as he in his great iudgement should find so well grounded that nothing could bee added either to the iust cause honour vtility or facility of the enterprise which I would propose And because I would cleare all clouds which might hang about it my selfe which propounded it was such that I was onely a shadow which by the vrging of my owne nature and delight should follow the body of his victories rather then haue or hope for any other perticular interest in them my selfe For the first points There could no deliberation bee grounded vpon a greater foundation of equity then that which had his end onely directed to the recouery of that which was by force and violence vsurped from his State nor nothing more honourable for a Prince then to bee able without hazard not onely to reuenge priuate and publicke wrongs but to recouer their members againe to his seates by his wisedome and vertue which haue bene separate either by the defect or fortune of his Predecessors All this both publicke and priuate profite followed so great an encrease of State increasing in all points the force of his State and his poore Subiects which were throwne out of their possessions either through their true deuotion to his Maiesty which could giue them no peace vnder another gouernement or through the extreme tyranny of the Turke should be recouered againe to their owne with his infinite glory and vtility The facility shewed it selfe diuers waies principally in his owne fortune wisedome and vertue against which there was no likely resistance especially when there was no equall obstacle then the reputation of his late victories ioyned with the other would find or make a way through all difficulties then his Militia which was fresh and vncorrupted then the incapacity of the Turke his corruptions of gouernment want of obedience sundry rebellions and distractions from any possibility of being able to make any potent resistance against his Maiesties proceedings by his warres in Hungary which his Maiesty might assure the continuance of if it pleased him to inuite the Princes Christian to his amity which hee should offer vpon that condition by which also hee should receiue one other worthy benefite fit for such excelling parts as hee was most richly aboundant in not to conclude the true knowledge of them in that one corner of the world but with making these great Princes knowne vnto himselfe hee should make his owne worthinesse like-wise knowne vnto them Neither as I said at the first to his Maiesty though these were great points to moue so high a spirit intending to glory and great things as his was that they were so important as other were For these might either be deferred or not at all acted being bound vnto them by no greater necessity then his owne will counselled by good reason But his case was such that hee must resolue both for the security of his estate and person to make or endure a warre As I was proceeding Haldenbeague the Viseire Bastan-Aga and Oliuer Di-Can came in the King presently called them and told them what I was propounding vnto him vpon which the Viseire swelling against me answered instantly Your Maiesty may now perceiue that true which some of your seruants haue beene bold to tell you at the first comming of these Christians and many times since that they were sent to disquiet your Maiesties tranquility of your state and to embarke you in dangerous enterprises for others interresses For what likely-hood was there that a Gentleman of quality without some great disaster fallen him should take such a voyage so full of dangers and expences vpon a fame of a Prince spread by ordinary Merchants Since I know hee could neuer haue spoken with men of better quality in those parts which could haue knowne your Maiesty And if it were true that such a motion onely had brought him why should hee not giue time to the growing of his better fortunes by your Maiesties Munificencies and fauours without drawing himselfe into the danger to bee a perswader of a perrilous enterprise then which hee cannot bee so ignorant as to vnderstand no way to bee so precipitious for himselfe But because it is inioyned him hee must do it without regard to your Maiesty to whom hee is onely newly bound for present benefites which hee careth but to enioy vntill he hath intangled you in his designes and then will hee relye vpon those to whom hee oweth greater obedience for more permanent benefits and greater through so great a merite God keepe your Maiestly from giuing care to his perswasions which carry nothing with them but extreme peril The Turke hauing bene a heauy neighbour to your Maiesties state when it was found through a long peace and when your Predecessours were aboundant in money which is the heart of the warres
forget what hee owed to himselfe as a Prince nor to him as a Gentleman which had freely matched obedience with affection What my brother shall effect with the Princes Christian as it is a thing vncertaine so he nor I will promise any thing but I know he will industriate himselfe to his vttermost for your Maiesties honour and seruice and I will hope well of the end of his labours In the meane time I beseech God since the Turkes loue cannot apply it selfe by no meanes to your Maiestie that their hatreds may continue one against the other no destiny being able to vrge faster forward the greatnesse of your Dominion nor no fortune being of more validity to make an euen way vnto it then the amity of our Princes and eternall discord amongst your enemies I was almost saying that God would prosper your Maiestie in all things but certainely I trust hee will and I say so since it belongeth more rightly to his great Holinesse and to our reuerence to belieue constantly of his deeds then to know them And this great reason I haue of my confidence the greatnesse which God hath giuen your Maiesty ioined to so great and excellent vertues which questionles are appointed to some great extrordinary end Then that your Maiestie hath pleased not to deceiue your selfe in this withering peace which you haue with the Turke which is more delighting for the present then safe for the future that rest being euer false which is taken amongst inopulent and strong neighbours The Ambassador hauing shewed by his arrogancie in speaking that when there shall bee giuen a fit oportunity for doing modesty and honesty will bee onely names of times past And your iust and good proceeding in an aduersity of fortune will be esteemed such a weakenes as is farre from you and their good successe will be attributed to their valour and wisdom And thogh your Maiestie in the sublime excellency of your royall mind doe euer number fortune amongst doubtfull things and vertue amongst the certaine yet true wisdome of the world will alwayes care to strengthen the one with the other by so proper a concurreÌ„ce that your vertue shall euer haue the attendance of fortune to fill your Maiesty with good and glorious acts and the world with good and famous wordes and relations These words of his were gratiously tenderly receiued of the king after some teares on al parts the king and himselfe hauing brought me some sixe miles wee all parted they for the Court my selfe for my iourney hauing first left with my brother my heart certainely not onely for the coniunction which nature had made between vs but also for those worthy sparkes which I found in him likely to be brought to great perfection by his vertue which cannot leaue working in any which will giue them way much more in him who will make way for them And besides diuers instructions which though hee ted not yet the coÌ„mon duty of those which are bound in so neer respects as we are required not deeds of waÌ„t but abundance all benefites looâ—ing much of their splendor both in the giuer and receiuer that doe beare with them an exprobratiue terme of necessitie first I desired him to remember that his fortune safety in that place subsisted only vpon the kings fauour which in vertuous princes was euer to bee maintained by vertue That Princes â—ares and eyes were in euery place Courts being full of spies and nothing hidden from emulation which by how much more it would bee carried couertly so much more would it be dangerous against which hee could preuaile of nothing better then his owne innocency and patience the one of which would preserue him from all fault the other from perill the wisdome of men ouercomming more by working of time theÌ„ by violent passions which doe neuer remoue the ill but onely open secrete imperfections which giue power to our enemies to worke vpon and the more courage by preuailing themselues vpon errour and weaknesse But because for what belonged to the good gouernment of himselfe I knew that hee could haue no better precepts then those which his own mind would giue him I wold only desire him that neither absence nor opinioÌ„s which might rise throgh the tediousnes of long abseÌ„ce nor ill instruments might preuaile so faâ—re with him as to make any breach in his affection towardes mee our perfect vnion tending to both our preseruations and reciprocal increase of both our fortunes Time Fortune or sometimes ambition other errors might diminish change and dissolue priuate friendships but our own bloud was euer vnalterably the same though in the freenes of our natures others vsually participite of our prosperities yet none so fully as those which are bound by so deare titles of nature and our aduersities no man would euer feele but our selues neither could the Kings affection increase or be constant to any of vs both if it were not indeared by our owne example The cause of his staying with the King though his commandement and desire bare the colour of it yet essentially and truly it was to aduance the great worke of which God had laid the foundation had chosen vs for true instruments not mouing it by Emperours Kings or Princes but by so humble Agents questionlesse for the greater retribution of his glory for which wee must care as his seruants and creatures in all things but most in this as particularly directed by him to it And though it was likely that God his infinite wisdom would not faile to subminister eternally to his vnderstanding proper and conuenient meanes of proceeding for the perfection of his owne worke yet we should find that some great part of those meanes are insensibly infused into our reasons the instruction of which in good things we must euer follow as his and though that we speake and speake alwaies as men notwithstanding when it pleased God to prosper the effect of our conceptions questionlesse there is a greater power predominant then mans What we haue diuers times proiected secretly together God you see hath perfected and therefore wee may boldly say more intending to that end vpon the same confidence and assurance Wherefore when you shall either by the Kings owne motioÌ„ or others importunde occasions fal in discourse with him vpon any point of these affaires you must know that as all Princes ought to lay the foundation of all their enterprises vpon these three maine rockes the Iustice of the cause Facility of the enterprise and fruit of the victory so in negotiations with them you must neuer be so confident vpon those points especially the best of equity and iustice as vpon the true experience knowledge of the Princes disposition who either iealous to hazard or ambitious to get attendeth ordinarily to interest and profit and not to what he ought to doe neither in the vprightnesse of this honor or faith giuen or obligation of precedent
Dominion some wars daily grow in amongst them euen to the extirpation of a whole Nation As wee found freshly when wee passed by one of those Princes called Hiderbeague all whose people were deuored by the sword or carried away captiue by Cobatbeague and himselfe remained onely with some twenty soules in certaine poore Holdes in a Rocke The precise summe which I receiued of the Florentine I set not downe to preuent the scandales of diuers who measuring euery mans mind by the straightnesse of theirs will beleeue no act which doth not symbolize with themselues but so much it was that being thirty daies vpon the way to the Confines then fifteene from the Confines to Casbine where wee attended one month the Kings arriuall it was not onely sufficient to giue vs aboundant meanes for that time but to cloth vs all in rich apparell fit to present our selues before the presence of any Prince and to spend extraordinarily in giftes by which wee insinuated farre into the fauour of those which had the authority of that Prouince during our abode and expectation of the Kings comming In which time wee were well vsed more by the opinion which they had that the King would take satisfaction by vs then by their owne humors being an ill people in themselues and onely good by the example of their King and their exceeding obedience vnto him The Gouernour visited me once Marganabeague maister of the Kings house whom I had won vnto me by presents came oftentimes to see me besides as it seemed being more inwardly acquainted with the Kings inclination fitted himselfe more to that then others did which knew it lesse And now that Iam in Persia speak of the kings absence since he is both one of the mightiest Princes that are and one of the excelleÌ„test for the true vertues of a Prince that is or hath bin and hauing come to this greatnesse though by right yet through the circumstances of the time the occasions which then were solely his owne worthinesse vertue made way to his right besides the fashion of his gouernmeÌ„t differing so much from that which we call barbarousnesse that it may iustly serue for as great an Idea for a Principality as Platoes Common-wealth did for a Gouernment of that sort I hold it not amisse to speake amply first of his person the nature of his people the distribution of his gouernment the administration of his iustice the condition of the bordering Princes the causes of those warres in which he was then occupied that by the true expression of those this discourse may passe with a more liuely and more sensible feeling His person then is such as a well-vnderstanding Nature would fit for the end proposed for his being excellently well shaped of a most well proportioned stature strong and actiue his colour somewhat inclined to a man-like blacknesse is also more blacke by the sunnes burning his furniture of his mind infinitly royall wise valiant liberall temperate mercifull and an exceeding louer of Iustice embracing royally others vertues as farre from pride and vanity as from all vnprincely signes or acts knowing his power iustly what it is and the like acknowledgement will also haue from others without any gentilitious adoration but with those respects which are fit for the maiesty of a Prince which foundeth it selfe vpon the power of his state general loue and awfull terror His fortunes determining to make proofe of his vertue draue him in his first yeares into many dangerous extremities which he ouercomming by his vertue hath made great vse of both in the excellent increase of his particular vnderstanding and generall tranquility strength of his countrey propagation of his Empire For the lawes and customes or both of that kingdome being such that though the king haue a large increase of Issue the first borne only ruleth to auoyd all kind of cause of ciuill dissention the rest are not inhumanly murthered according to the vse of the Turkish gouernment but made blind with burning basons haue otherwise all sort of contentment and regard fit for Princes children Xa-Tamas King of Persia dying without Issue Xa Codabent his brother was called blinde to the kingdome who had Issue Sultan Hamzire Mirza the eldest who succeeded him and this present King called Abas In the fathers time Sinan Basâ—a began the enterprise of Persia which the Turkes euer reserue in their times of peace with the Christians to keepe their souldiary in action and their armes from rusting Before he could attempt any important action hee was called to the port and aduanced to be principall Viseire and Mustapha Bassa was appointed his successor whose industry and valour was accoÌ„panied with good fortune in a short space taking Vannes and Tiphelis two strong fortresses importing much for the entrance of Scieruan which he with the like felicity conquered Notwithstanding Synan taking aduantage of some sinister accident happened him by ouer-sight which is euer most incident to those which sway all things with a happy course of fortune and being his enemy bearing his suppositions also against him by the strength of his authority caused him to be re-called in the faire course of his victory and being within some few dayes trauell of Constantinople whether the cause grew from the pride of his heart which despised to liue after such an iniury receiued from his enemy whose fortune being so great gaue him neither meanes nor hope of reuenge or else for feare of death disgrace together at the Port he poisoned himselfe Into whose place was aduanced Osman Bassa a great Souldier borne of that Mamaluckes bloud who had been last Sultan of Egypt in great estimation with the generalty of the Turkes and as much with the Prince himselfe not only through his owne valour which in truth did merit it but by his mothers fauour who was great with the Prince and with the Sultana his mother He instantly acquitted all disorders growne either by the death or negligence of Mustapba and intending vtterly to subdue all Persia and to extinguish the reigne of the Sophies iudging that the shortest way was to begin with the best parts went presently against Tauris and though he were long impeached from taking of it both by the resolute valour of the Defendants which was all the obstacle in the place the walles being only of mud without art or strength and by continual attempts of the king of Persia sometimes in person though he saw nothing but most by his eldest son to succour it Finally after many victories and sometimes losses his fortune concurring with his obstinate resolution he got the place in which he had no sooner established a meet garrison and an order of gouernment in the countrey about it which followed the fortune of the place but hauing all his care fixed vpon his designe for the through accomplishment of his prosperous begun victory he also died as it is said poysoned by Cicala Whiles the mother cried
would also moue him to the like now And the more hauing greater hopes of meanes for a gratefull acknowledgement from him which hee which had the management so long of his disposition could not doubt of and if he had begun to perswade him with other reasons hee did it rather in the duty of a true friend to lay before him his owne interest then in any diffidence of his free inclination to his good Whereupon the king of Corasan though pre-occupied by the Turke yet desirous to bee his friend a farre off and also doubting the successe of Abas neither hauing yeares nor experience nor friends In fine beeing destitute of all reasonable hope not to moue the Turks displeasure vpon such a disaduantagious condition was notwithstanding contented to see whether something might be moued by such a helpe as should not appeare to giuen by him but rather voluntary followers of Abas his fortune hee gaue him three thousand horse onely to put him in possession of that state which by his vertue and fortune is growne now so great that it hath deuoured all the states of the Tartars extended it selfe so farre as Cabull to the East the Arabian gulfe downe to Ballsarack on the South within three dayes iourney of Babylon on the West and to Tauris on the North embracing the whole circumference of the Caspian sea vnto Astracan which is the vttermost of the Moscouites Dominion and Seruane of the Turkes which lyeth vpon that sea an Empire so great so populous so aboundant that as it may compare with most of the greatest that euer were so is it terrible to the Turkes which is the greatest that now is though I doe thinke verily That in Asia the Persian hath as great an extent of Territories as the Turke and better inhabited better gouerned and in better obedience and affection I am sure he hath With this small troope the King of Persia guided by his infinite Royall courage entred Persia. But as those which are wicked are euer so well instructed in the Art of their profession that they neuer want instruments in themselues to deuise and in others to act those counsels which must euer bee waking to maintaine what they haue gotten by their sceleratenesse So their Spyes hastened with such diligence to giue those Rebels notice of their Kings beeing on foote that the next of them to him had time to arme great forces and incountred him in a Prouince called Sistane and though his inuincible spirit without any sparke of feare made him aduenture to fight vpon so vn-equall termes as was three thousand against twenty thousand hee found by his experience that Maiesty and right is nothing without power to beare them vp and that no exquisite vigour of the minde can resist the violence of sinister fortune nor oppression of many hands Yet did fortune so much care for so great vertue that shee gaue him way to escape to to the Mountaines all the rest of the small troupe being cut in peeces This victory assured the Rebels as they thought from all further danger supposing that these small forces were all which then their King could or hereafter should bee able to lead against them Imagining that the King of Corrasan if hee would haue succored him indeed that hee would neuer haue cast a way those few to increase the strength of their foundation and to diminish the others reputation which is so effectuall in a not well confirmed Princes first actions especially in a Prince who must come to his right by his vertue and fortune But the King of Persia whose owne minde euer comforted him with a stedfast assurance of his greatnesse to which hee is now growne hauing recouered the Mountaines liued amongst the Heardes-men for three months vnknowne changing continually from place to place without any certaine abode accompanied onely with ten or twelue followers which were of his first Gouernours and other yong Gentlemen brought vp with him from his child-hood But being now no longer able to temporize with his great desire resoluing to proue the last and the vttermost of his fortune and remembring how much loue and affection those of Yasd had shewed towards him in the time of his gouerning them and how much he had truely deserued of them determined to shew himselfe in that Prouince and proue what effect the Maiesty of his person the iustice of his cause and former obligation would worke in them which though it were a foundation proued euer false almost by all experiences The peoples affections euer raising mens hopes and ruining their persons Yet it proued otherwise with this King who was no sooner certaine knowne in those parts but numbers of people came flocking to him armed and appointed for the wars in such sort that before any prouision could bee made against him this being an accident so farre remoued from all sort of suspition he had a power together too strong to be easily suppressed which was no sooner heard by Ferrat Can a great Prince and discontented with the alteration of the gouernement to whose share none of that partition had falne his fortune being such that at the time of the other Kings death he had none of the Prouinces to administer and they were parted onely betweene them which held them he I say with his brother and a company of some ten thousand came and ioyned themselues to the forces of the King Neither were the men so welcome as that Ferrat Can being a wise Prince and a great Souldier grew a party and such as the King also stood in need of Neither did the King loose any sort of opportunity but hearing of the Assembly which certaine of the Princes were making in the neerest Prouinces vnto him with all speed fell vpon them and ouer-throwing them followed them as farre as Casbin In the meane time those of Shyras Asphaan Cassan assisted by the Kings of Gheylan and Mazandran gather mighty forces the Turkes armed at Tauris and the Prince of Hamadan hauing called in a strength of the Courdiues to his assistance was marching also towards Casbin So that the King was likely to be so inclosed with all these Armies that his first victory would rather haue proued a snare to his intrapment then important as he hoped to the some of his affaires Whence he resolued to helpe with Art that which he was much too weake to accomplish by strength Wherefore he leaueth Ferrat Can in Casbin with some fiue thousand men accompanied with Zulpher his brother and himselfe with the rest of his power marched towards the Can of Hamadane Ferrat Can according to the deliberation taken betweene the King and him thewed himselfe altered from the Kings part writeth to the Rebels which were all in a grosse aduanced as farre as the mid-way betweene Cassan and Casbin and offereth not onely to ioyne that strength which hee had with them but to mutine the Kings army which was lodged in the Mountaines towards Hammadane in a shew
in a reposed state from so many tempests which had contrarily moued it as well as to make due and confident prouisions for his intended warres First then he called vnto him to Casbin all gouernors all administrators of Iustice whosoeuer had occupyed those functions during the vsurped rule of the Cans through all his prouinces with the kinsmen friends and children of the said Cans besides that all men of power as Mirzaes Cans Sultans and Beagues which are principall Titles of Dukes Princes and Lords should repaire thither without excuse of age sicknesse or any other pretence whatsoeuer which being done he appointed new Gouernors and Officers of all sorts he cleared all his prouinces for three yeares from paying any tribute-custome or any other ordinary or extraordinary exaction whatsoeuer His chiefe Viseire he made one Haldenbeague a wise man excellently seene in all affaires of great experience but such a one as was onely his creature without friends or power him hee commanded to passe through all his prouinces accompanied with the Xa-Hammadaga who is as it were Knight Marshall to cleare them from vagabonds robbers and seditious persons Ologonlie which had followed him in all his aduersity a man of great worthinesse he made bearer of his great Seale which is an office there liker the Lord priuy Seale then Chancellor The place of the Viseire comprehending in it the office of Chancellor and high Treasurer him he also aduanced to the dignity of a Can. Bastana an ancient approued man both for fidelity and other worthinesse he made principall Aga of his house which is as great Chamberlaine Curtchibasschie Captaine of his Guard which is a general-ship of twelue thousand shot who attend at the Port by turnes two hundred and fifty euery quarter except when the King goeth to the warres that they are all bound to be present Ferrat Can hee made his Generall Thus hauing wisely and prouidently placed through all his estates those who must be most assured to him their fortunes depending onely vpon him hauing no more strength nor authority in themselues then they receiued from him and hauing all the great ones in his Army with him or such of them as could not bee able to follow him either by their few or many yeares or sickenesse so securely left at Casbin that they could not by themselues or any other moue any innouation And moreouer hauing dispatched all those and keeping their persons with him which had any obligation to the former Cans secured by that meanes as much as the counsell of any man could secure him from perill at home hauing called Oliuer di Can from Hamadan and appoynted him a successor for that Gouernement with ten thousand new men hee set himselfe forward to his enterprize with his old Troopes and great part of his rebelled Army with no greater courage and counsell then fortune for those men which were remitted by him to Gheylan and Mazandran as those which had beene somewhat exercised in the warres hauing with some more adioined vnto them the guard of the straights from which the maine Army of the Kings was some foure leagues remoued remembring the benefite of the King better then their faith to their Princes at the very sight of the first Troopes retired themselues from the places left to their confidence in charge which aduantage being followed by Ferrat with the Alarum giuen fell so iustly vpon that Army that what with the vnexpected terror of the straights abandoning and their being surprised in disorder the Army was facily broken with the death of two of the Kings and an infinite slaughter of people which had beene much greater if the woods had not couered them from the fury of their enemies The greatest of those kings hauing escaped with much difficulty accompanied euer with the terror of the perill from which he had escaped neuer ended his flight vntill hee came into Seruane and from thence went to Constantinople to desire succour from the Turke where he yet liueth The other which remained being but one without any great difficulty or alteration of fortune was suppressed The Countrey being first spoiled and ransomed at a great rate which they might well beare by reason of their great riches which they had gathered together through a long peace and the Kings Army excellently well satisfied he dispatched instantly Embassadours to the Turke the Georgians and his old friend the King of Corassan to giue them an account of this new victory not doubting but as it would bee exceeding pleasant to some so it would bee as bitter to others and leauing Ferrat Can to gouerne the Countrey and Oliuer Dibeague as his assistant but to bee commanded by him hee returned himselfe full of glory and great victory into Persia disposing himselfe to reduce his state to that excellent forme of gouernment which now it hath First then after his arriuall in Casbin hauing heard by his Viseire the relation of Xa-Hammadaga of some who had not onely spoyled the Subiects in their substances but the country of all orders iust forme of gouernement which now it hath and giuen them by that meanes more matter of dis-vnion then vnion insomuch that they were ful of theeues of vagabonds of factions such like insolencies he iudged it fit to reduce it the more peaceable and obedient to giue it in those cases a good condition of gouernment Whereupon he presently dispatched that Xa-hammadaga a terrible and resolute person with full power and authority for the reformation of those disorders who in short time though with most terrible examples reduced all the Prouinces to a vnite tranquility with mighty reputation Whilst hee was busied in that administration the King to shew that it was necessity that counselled to giue him that excessiue authority and to preserue it from being odious to himselfe appointed in the chiefe city of euery Prouince a Gouernour elected of those of most valour to him he ioyned two Iudges of criminall and ciuill causes a Treasurer two Secretaries with an excellent president and two Aduocates generall for the causes both particular and generall of the whole Prouince Besides the particular Aduocate of euery Citty which should be resident in that Metropolis These determined all causes within themselues of those Prouinces in which they had the administration and because they should neither be burthensome to the Prouinces nor corrupted in paritializing the King paid them their stipend enioyning them vpon paine of life to take no other sort of reward And because such things and causes might fall out as by reason of the importance of them or appellations of the parties might be brought before himselfe because hee would euer know what he did and be continually informed not onely of the generall state of the Prouinces but of their particular administration hee ordained Posts once euery weeks from all parts to bring all sort of relations to the Court for which cause also hee willed that one of the two generall
Aduocates should euer be resident there who receiuing those relations presenteth them to the Viseire and hee to the King The Viseire sitteth euery morning in counsell about the generall state of all the Kings Prouinces accompanied with the Kings Councell Aduocates resident and the Secretaries of State there are all matters heard and the opinions of the Councell written by the Secretaries of State then after dinner the Councell or such a part of them as the King will admit present those papers of which the King pricketh those hee will haue proceed the rest are cancelled which being done the Councell retire them againe to the Viseirs and then determine of the particular businesse of the Kings house The King himselfe euery Wednesday sitteth in the Councell publikely accompanied with all those of his Councell and the fore-said Aduocates thither come a floud of all sorts of people rich and poore and of all Nations without distinction and speake freely to the King in their owne cases and deliuer euery one his owne seuerall Bill which the King receiueth pricketh some and reiecteth other to be better informed of The Secretaries of State presently record in the Kings Booke those which he hath pricked with all other acts then by him enacted the which booke is carried by a Gentleman of the Chamber into his Chamber where it euer remaineth and woe bee to his Viseire if after the King hath pricked Bill or Supplication it bee againe brought the second time When he goeth abroad to take the aire or to passe the time in any exercise the poorest creature in the world may giue him his Supplication which hee receiueth readeth and causeth to bee registred and one request or complaint is not ordinarily brought him twise and though these bee great waies wise waies and iust waies to tye vnto him the hearts of any people yet the nature of those is so vile in themselues that they are no more nor longer good then they are by a strong and wisely-tempered hand made so The Countrey not being inhabited by those nobly-disposed Persians of which there are but a few and those few are as they euer were But being mightily wasted by the inundation of Tamberlaine and Ismael afterward making himselfe the head of a Faction against the Ottomans and by that reason forced to re-people his Countrey to giue himselfe strength of men against so potent an Aduersary calling in Tartars Turcomans Courdines and of all scum of Nations which though they now liue in a better countrey yet haue not changed their bad natures though as I said so carefull and true Princely a regard of the King for the establishment of good and iust orders for the gouernement of this Countrey in equity generall security and tranquility had beene of sufficient ability to haue bound the hearts of people vnto him Yet knowing what his were and to leaue no meanes vnacted which might both assure them more and himselfe with them because he knew that their owne dispositions which were euill would neuer rightly iudge of the cause of many rigorous examples that had passed which by that fault in them had ingendred him hatred amongst them to purge their minds from that sickenesse and gaine them the more confidently hee determined to shew that if there were any cruell act brought forth it did not grow from himselfe but from necessity Wherfore hee displaced by little finding particular occasions daily against some or other all the whole Tymarri of his estate as though from them had growne all such disorders as had corrupted the whole gouernment sending new ones and a great part of them Gheylaners to their possessions with more limited authority and more fauourable to the people the old ones part he casherd part he distributed in Gheylan and Mazandran which he had new conquered so that by that Art the people began to rest exceeding well satisfied and himselfe the more secured those which succeeded them being bound to his fortune and those which were remoued also being disposed in the new conquered Prouinces which they were bound to maintaine in security for their owne fortunes which depended onely vpon their preseruing them for the King When all these things were done and the King began to thinke himselfe throughly established for a long time both from intrinsicke and extrinsicke dangers The Turkes forces being so occupied in the warres of Hungary that hee had no leasure to looke to his increasing the Tartarres of Corrasan his friendes by the old hospitality which hee had receiued from their King and if not his friends yet cold enemies such as would bee long resoluing before they would attempt any thing to his preiudice There fell out a new occasion to trouble both the peace of his minde and Countrey if it had not beene preuented with great dexterity celerity and fortune For Ferrat Can not regarding his benefites done to the King knowing too well his owne worthinesse and attributing vnto that the successes of all the kings fortunes and for so great causes not being able to limit his mind within any compasse of satisfaction not resting contented with the place of Generall nor Gouernment of Gheylan nor with the honour to be called the Kings Father but despising that Haldenbeague should bee Viseire and not himselfe all which had giuen the king all began to take counsell to innouate and alter things with the Bassaes of Seruan and Tauris So dangerous are too great benefites from a subiect to a Prince both for themselues and the Prince when they haue their minds only capable of merit and nothing of duty These practises of his were most dangerous for which hee did more assure himselfe to haue layd a strong foundation for the discontentment of those Timari which the King had sent into his Gouernement and so had they beene questionlesse if Oliuer di-Can through his true zeale to his Maisters seruice and perhappes a little enuy at the others greatnesse had not made him so watchfully diligent that hauing gathered his intentions by very momentuall circumstances hee gaue the King from time to time notice of them which at the first were negligently receiued and rather taken as matter of emulation then truth But when those very same aduertisements euer continued and Oliuer di Can was not at all terrified from sending of them neither by the kings neglecting them nor rebuke and that Mahomet Shefia was also secretly arriued in the Court with more particular and certaine aduice that the Bassa of Seruan had sent a great summe of money to Ferrat which was receiued on a certaine day and in a certaine place The king hereupon presently sent Xa-Tamascoolibeague his chiefe fauourite to will Ferrat Can for very important affaires for the determining of which his presence was requisite to repaire to the Court which hee excused through his indisposition which he said to bee such that he could not possibly trauell so that persisting in that deniall when Xa-Tamas Coolibeague perceiued that he would not be
highly and as much offended as his brother had yet wanting the same courage to receiue the iudgement which he had to offend fled to the port of the Kings Tent and there prostrated himselfe on the ground whence being called by Oliuer Di-Can he denyed to die any where but there that the King when hee should come forth might tread vpon that bloud which had so vilely and vndeseruedly offended him which being brought to the King by a Page that wished well to Zulpher and had some good hope of the Kings nature that hee might doe the poore Prince some good after a little pause the King came forth and beholding Zulpher lying grouelling on the ground pittied him and despising withall his little valour Behold said he to those which stood by how weake a foundation reputation hath which is not erected from a mans owne vertue This man was so great yesterday that you all honored him and now lyeth despised before you all through his owne wickednesse He hath bene aduanced by me for his brothers vertues and with the death of his brother he doth shew you all that no worthinesse of his owne but that which abounded in his brother if hee could haue made good vse of it gaue him courage also to seeme capable of those honours which I bestowed on him Zulpher God forgiueth mee as great sinnes hourely which I commit against him as thy fault can be to me and since it hath pleased him that I hold so great a place by him here I will also vse the example of his infinite goodnesse for the patterne of this mercy and referre my vengeance to him and giue thee time to repent and the rather because thy abiectnesse taketh all apprehension from me of cause to doubt thee Hee neuer dareth hurt a King which feareth to die And remember that this is the first day of thy life in which thou must take more vertuous waies then thou hast hitherto walked in that I may haue honour by the mercy which I haue shewed thee and profite by thy good seruices and thy selfe maist cast away farre from thee by honest and good deedes the shamefull memory which men will haue of thy past wicked Treason This was the end of that great and foule conspiracy which gaue great hope to the Kings enemies and ending by such a prouidence was the meanes of the Kings greater and better security which could neuer haue bene perfect so long as so great a man had liued both hauing cause to feare by that giuing continuall cause to be feared Next day the King marched farther into the Countrey and so daily aduanced on without obstacle the keyes of all their Townes meeting him by the way and at the last an Embassage from the whole state with a generall submission which when hee had receiued hauing spent some time in the setling of such a gouernement as was securest for himselfe and hauing receiued the yong Rrince sonne to the first King and diuers others of the principall of the Countrey hauing left order with Xa-Endibeague whom hee left there with the best part of his Army which he increased afterwards to 30000 men to extirpate all those which were likeliest either through their obligation to the vsurper or through their owne particular interest to make innouation he returned with that yong Prince and those prisoners into Persia. The most part of this time I was at Casbin courteously vsed by Marganobeague the Maister of the Kings house and not amisse by any When the King was come within sixe miles of Casbin he stayed there some three dayes to the entent to make his entry with such an estimation of his victory as was fit for so great and happy a successe of fortune and in truth I thinke that hee did it most to declare the greatnesse of it to vs that were strangers by such a strange demonstration The night before hee entred there were 30000 men sent out of the Towne on foote with horse-mens staues vpon which were fastened vizards of so many heads All those in the morning when we were commanded to meet him the Gouernour hauing proâ—ided vs horses we found marching in battell aray towards the Towne and before the two heads of the King and his sonne foure Officers of Armes such as they vse bearing in their hands great Axes of shining Steele with long helues after those battalions followed the Xa-Hammadagacs horse-men after those a number of Gentlemen of the Kings Court after those a 100 spare-horses with as many of the Kings Pages after those the prisoners accompanied with Bastan-Aga then a great rancke of his chiefe Princes amongst whom were all the Embassadours which vsed to bee resident in his Court then followed the yong Prince of Corazan accompanied with Xa-Tamas-Coolibeague the Kings principall fauorite and then the King himselfe alone and after him some fiue hundred Courtiers of his Guard Marganobeague was with vs and making vs large passage through all those Troupes When we came to the King we alighted and kissed his Stirrop my speech was short vnto him the time being fit for no other That the fame of his Royall vertues had brought me from a farre Countrey to be a present spectator of them as I had beene a wonderer at the report of them a farre off if there were any thing of worth in mee I presented it with my selfe to his Maiesties seruice Of what I was I submitted the consideration to his Maiesties iudgement which he should make vpon the length the danger and the expence of my voyage onely to see him of whom I had receiued such magnificent and glorious relations The Kings answere vnto me was infinite affable That his Countrey whilst I should stay there should be freely commanded by mee as a Gentleman that had done him infinite honour to make such a iourney for his sake onely bid mee beware that I were not deceiued by rumors which had peraduenture made him other then I should finde him It was true that God had giuen him both power and mind to answere to the largest reports which might bee made good of him which if hee erred in the vse of hee would aske counsell of me who must needs haue much vertue in my selfe that could moue mee to vndergoe so much and so many perils to know that of another And that hee spake smiling willing me to get on horse-backe which when I had done he called Haldenbeague his Viseire and Oliuer Di-Can his Generall and commanded them to take my brother and me betwixt them and my company was disposed by Marganobeague amongst the rest of the Kings Gentlemen of his Court and in that ordâ—r the King entred Casbin and passing to the great place he alighted with the cheifest of his Princes Officers whoÌ„ he caused to bring vs with them went into a kind of banquetting house in which there were staires to ascend by into a Tarras where the King â—ate down the greatest of those Princes
we among theÌ„ This Tarras looked vpon the place where after we had ben a litle beheld some of the Court exercising theÌ„selues at giuoco-di-canna that great troupe was suddenly vanished so without all sort of rumor that it bred infinite wonder in me coÌ„sidering how much tumulte we made in these parts in the disposing of a far lesse coÌ„pany Whilst we sate there the King called me againe vnto him when I had confirmed in more words the very same I had before said vnto him TheÌ„ said he you must haue the proofe of time to shew you either the errors or the truth of these rumours since you can make no iudgement of what you haue yet seene which is but the person of a man and this emineÌ„ce which God hath giuen me for any thing you know may be more through my fortune theÌ„ my vertue But since your pains trauel hath had no other aspect but to know me we must haue a more intrinsicke acquaintance to perfect that knowledge how you wil indure the fashions of my couÌ„try you can iudge best your selfe which are maister of your owne humor This I will assure you of you shal want no respect froÌ„ my people nor honor from my selfe therwith bid me fare-wel for that present comitting me my coÌ„pany to Bastan-Aga to be conducted to my lodging Next morning I sent the King a present of sixe paire of Pendants of exceeding faire Emerauldes and meruailous artificially cut and two other Iewels of Topasses excellent well cut also one cup of three peeces set together with gold inameled the other a Salte and a very faire Ewer of Christall couered with a kind of cutworke of siluer and gilt the shape of a Dragon all which I had of that Noble Florentine which his Maiesty accepted very graciously and that night I was with my brother inuited by him to a banquet where there was onely Byraicke Myrza and Sultan Alye with Xa-Tamas-Coolibeague his cheife Minion there he had diuers discourses with mee not of our apparell building beauty of our woemen or such vanities but of our proceeding in our warres of our vsuall Armes of the commodity and discommodity of Fortresses of the vse of Artillary and of the orders of our gouernement in which though my vnskilfulnesse were such that I knew my errours were greater then my iudgement yet I had that felicity of a good time that I gaue him good satisfaction as it seemed For in my discourse hauing mentioned the hauing of certaine Models of Fortification in some bookes at my lodging which were onely left me in the spoile which was made of me at Babylon Next day after dinner he came thither with all the principallest of the Court where hee spent at least three howers in perusing them and not vnproperly speaking of the reasons of those things himselfe Next night hee sent for mee againe into a place which they call Bazar like our Burze the shops and the roofe of which were so full of lights that it seemed all of a fire There was a litle Scaffold made where he sate and as euery man presented him with diuers sorts of friuts so hee parted them some to one some to another and there hee continued some foure howers in which time hee tooke mee aside with my Interpreter and asked mee very sadly whether I would content my selfe to stay with him not for euer for that were too a great wrong to my friends who should loose mee from their comfort being diuided so farre from them for my owne fortune hee would not speake of but onely thus much since I had told him I was a subiect to a Prince he knew that then my fortune also must depend vpon the will and fauour of that Prince and hee assured himselfe that he was as able and more desirous to do me good then any therefore if I would resolue to giue him that litle satisfaction he should perswade himselfe the more confidently that the cause of my comming was such as I told him the loue of his person and nothing else I answered him I could say no more â—o his Maiesty then I had already done that a report onely of his excellent vertues had brought mee thither that a better experience had bound me so fast to him and them that as he was Maister of my minde so hee should bee of my person and time which were both subiect to his command For those things of fortune they were the least things that I regarded as his Maiesty well saw by my great expence thither onely to satisfie my sight but as I knew my selfe infinitely honoured by his Maiestie vouchsafing to serue himselfe of mee so that was to me aboue all other fortunes and satisfactions His Maiesty seemed wonderfully well content with my answere and that night began to shew me extra-ordinary publicke fauour and so continued all the time of his being in Casbin daily increasing by some or other great demonstration Sixe weekes hee stayed there giuing his accustomed audience to the people In which time I saw the notablest example of true vnpartiall royall iustice that I thinke any Prince in the world could produce The Gouerner of Casbin was appointed to that administration in the maine seruice of the Kings state when the Rebels were first suppressed A man exceedingly and perticularly fauored of the King he taking the adantage of the time which being troubled gaue him liuely colour to make great profite vpon the people and confident in the Kings fauour abused both the one and the other by extreme extortions thinking because of his owne greatnesse and the Countries offence against the King the memory of which euery man would feare to receiue that what he did by violence and force should by as great power of terrour remaine vnknowne but some to whoÌ„ he had offered so much that they thought no extremity could happen them of a worse conditioÌ„ made desperate through that hazard to put vp lamentable supplications to the King who hauing read them as his fashion is commanded the parties to-speake freely with this caution that they should beware that they charged nothing falsely for as he would not that any minister of his shold abuse his authority by any vniust burthen vpon the worst of the people so hee would also prouide by seuere example that none should presume to impose false accusations vpon any whom he had thought worthy to carry authority vnder him Notwithstanding those poore men did not onely mainetaine their accusations but brought forth diuers witnesses and others perceiuing so iust a course held by his Maiesty emboldned by it laid before him also in their humble sort their owne oppressions suffered by the like violence Vpon which hee commanded Marganobeague to be sent for who was the Maister of his house in Casbin demanding of him whether he had heard of those things he answered no being priuate acts of the Gouernour publicke causes which were brought before the President
part and so to linke himselfe the stronglier with them by such a bond then in his owne necessitie in which condition there is a great question whether he shall be heard Lastly how strange a conclusion you haue made I will desire you to behold with better consideration You will not haue the King to make warre with the Turke to auoid expence of money and munition where the best parts and most plentifull of both countries are confining which would giue abundance and cheaper liuing to an Armie but you will haue him go to Larre to Ormus sterile countries farre remoued where the charges onely of supplying victuals to an Armie would be of more cost then all other munition and expence of the Armie besides And besides there is no danger of the King of Spain who hath euer held a fashion of maintaining himselfe rather then encreasing Besides the nature of his force is of a contrarie qualitie to giue vs feare of his too great inlargement hauing neither abundance of horse nor men but only gallies which assure his forts with which also he is sufficiently contented And how wearying out a warre to his Maiesties treasure and men that must be where he must fight but at the enemies pleasure and aduantage the strength of his enemie standing vpon the Sea in which the King hath no sort of shew of power he submitted to his Maiesties wisest consideration besides the infinite danger by the nature of the lying of the state of the Turkes and the King of Spaines and the essentiall of their potenties were of such a condition that whatsoeuer was diminished from his Maiesties or the King of Spaines was an absolute addition to the Turke who by that aduantage of the weakening each others forces should haue a more facile entrie vpon any one or both of them And that it was wel proued by his Maiesties predecessors that there was not a more maine vpholder of the beginning and foundation of their state nor manner of preseruing it which was all they could doe then that league which vnited both their forces euer against the common enemie And now that God and the great vertue of his Maiestie had so augmented the limits of his dominion that he had power ioyned with true iustice and necessitie to recouer those vsurped Prouinces which the Turke held from him In which action nothing could more secure him then first an assured relatiue friendship betweene the Princes Christian and him generally and particularly the forces of the King of Spaynes by Sea in those parts it should be a strange Counsell to perswade his Maiestie to make warre with him whom he had euer profited by and to offend all in offending him and voluntarily to inâ—ble the Turke in whatsoeuer hee would vndertake against him which must needs be by all reason iudgement his enemy Which made him beseech his Maiestie to continue that so commodious friendship vnto him and to strengthen himselfe with new to fomentate those rebellions which were no rumours one of those that were in Armes being Moombaregue a Prince tributarie to his Maiesty the others though no men of great qualitie yet of great happinesse in their proceedings and to prouide for all things necessary for so great an enterprise for which though the Vicesire were otherwise perswaded nothing did more facilitate the iudgement of his good successe then the Prince of the Turkes owne incapacitie Nothing hauing euer beene proued more certaine then that the Ministers of any Prince do euer symbolize with their Masters vertues or vices and that men of extraordinary vertue with them haue euer little power or little time suspition being the best preseruer of their defects which euer aymeth at those who haue more vertue then themselues as fearing them most A discourse proued true by the miserable end of all those named and by many examples which he would leaue vnrehearsed as things that neuer bare more credit then the faith of the hearer gaue them And so left off humbly beseeching his Maiesty to pardon his boldnes and freenes which were euer the birth of true zealous deuotioÌ„ he had onely expressed what he thought his Maiesty might please to resolue of that hee thought honourable secure and profitable for his state and person The causes of his danger from the Turke he spake not of first touched by me and apparant to all The king then commaÌ„ded Baslan-Aga to speake freely also what he thought who after a reuerence vnto him hauing repeated the arguments past commended them all as it is his fashion apparantly to offend no bodie but what he doth in that qualitie is secretly and then as though he meant no such matter diuiding what he would speak into two points the warre and my person he proceeded thus This proposition by the wisedome of his Maiesty resting doubtful so that none of vs by knowing which way his owne disposition inclineth haue any sort of constraint either by fearing to oppose our opinions against what his will intended or by a desire to raise our iudgements into a better conceit of fâ—uour by making them to symbolize with his giueth vs so great libertie of deliberation that if we speake not well to the purpose at least we shall speake truly what we thinke I say then that all warres are eyther made vpon the Confines of the States which moue them or farre from the Confines of the maker of them by penetrating further into the maine bodie of him vpon whom they are made And it is not possible for any to vse great Armes or small a long time which haue not a fountaine of great reuenewes from at home and a foundation of great plentie in the field For as without sinewes the members of this compact of our bodie cannot moue and if they doe shew a stirring onely for a testimonie of their life which may be in them yet that mouing is vnperfect both in vigour and continuance So Armes neyther can be gathered neyther can they be appropriated to necessarie dessignes nor maintained vnited in any enterprize without a Riuer of money which may refresh them in conuenient time and make swimme after them munitions victualles and other necessarie prouisions both for the sustenance of euery particular bodie and importing to the good purpose and effect of the mannagement of their Armes And because the reuenewes of iust and good Princes as the faculties of the subiects from whom they are deriued are limited and drawing without measure for one yeare or two huge quantities of money out of their estates their countries will remaine poore and exhausted of gold and siluer From whence proceedeth that warres of such a condition as cannot be ended neere at hand but draw through the necessitie of perfecting them well when they are once begun the Prince and the Armie a farre off neyther can be vndertaken nor continued but by Princes who haue infinite treasures acumulated through long times prouidence or neuer-ending mines for other sort of ordinarie
your wisedome and the execution to his great prouidence and your Maiesties infinite vertue And laughing vpon me sonne said he haue I not said true of your mind When he had ended I beseeched his Maiestie to vouchsafe to heare me once more which he said was needlesse the day faâ—e spent therefore since euery man had already spoken their opinion he would also say somewhat of his owne and referre the farther deliberation of things vntill an other time The proposition which Mirzâ— Antonio saith he made vnto me is questâ—onlesse in iâ—selfe such an one as I must not only thanke him for propounding it by which it hath receiued life but I must also prouide for the execution of it that the life which it haâ—h may be vsed to good purpose The force of the Turke consisteth in cauallerie infantery gallies artillery munitions money And the cause why they proceeded not in their warre against this state in my fathers time was not eyther the death of Osman Bassa nor their diuersion into Hungary but that ancient art by the which they euer carried their warres which hath beene alwaies to offend and preuent an enemie to vse exceeding celeriâ—ie in all their enterprises to haue their forces in perpetuall readinesse not to attempt two enterprises at one time and if it were possible not to be troubled with theÌ„ at one time not to spend the benefit of time and their men treasure vpon matters of small importance and not to continue a waâ—re long with any to auoid by such a meanes the informing by practise any Prince or his people in the exercise of armes Which if it haue otherwise hapned in Hungary it proceedeth rather from the obstination of the Princes Christian then from any part of his owne desire I said the king want footmen artillery and money which I must make readie the Turks neuer hauing aduantage vpoÌ„ my people through thâ—ir vaiour but onely by that defect Gallies I haue none therefore since they must be necessary for some purpose of which the warres may bring forth the occasion and perhaps also of necessitie and I can only hope for them of the Portugeses it will be an ill counsell to offend them in any point and then afterward vpon a new treatie to relie vpon them in so great a case and in which my necessitie may also concurre For the Turks present state and the iudgement of his future it is a thing facile to make and hard to erre in since by the ordinarie course of the working causes of mutations of states when a gouernment doth proceed from suffering the first abuses to confirme them in the most part of the state a few intelligent instruments are not sufficient to beare the weight of the disorders and to correct them being the nature of men when they flie from one extreeme to runn headâ—ong without any mediocritie into another by which the Turks extreeme obedience is become a direct despisablenesse of his person and authority And this Princes incapacity must be in this point the ruine of their state diffusing the like infection into the members for such as is the Prince such are his greater ministers such are his people Then whether I giue my selfe time or no time for what belongeth vnto him that may perhaps be all one since his being as he is or worse sheweth facilitie enough for the well proceeding of any enterprise fundamentally designed against him Yet many times generall rules faile in particular subiects and a new Prince may can reforme those disorders but the time in truth which my owne wants force me to take and not these arguments which are no other then arguments shall shew that I am not defectiue in those points in which he is But that which I begin shal haue the extract of it from sound counsell and the ending from as perfect vertue if I or my people haue it For the flame of our warre once breaking forth beleeue it will not be so facily extinguished both because great Princes difficilly speak of peace while they feele themselues able to make warres and the diuersity of our religion will striue with a more mortall rancor then contraries Therefore I must strengthen my selfe by all possible waies to beare the furie of it which must be done by the inabling and augmentation of my forces changing the orders of my owne militia to such as are properest for the enemy which I propound to my selfe establishing the gouernment of my countrie in such a sort that the generall abundance may without the feeling of a heauie exaction replenish my treasures cause plentifull prouisions of artillerie armes and munitions and adde to these internal powers of my owne those of the Princes eyther by protection or league of which the first sort I meane I haue alreadie the Georgians being all vnder my protection but it is a weake helpe I being bound by that condition to defend them vpon my charge and they vnable to assist me except vpon the same also And though it be true that they bring me a fashion of reputation yet is it such a reputation as hath no essentiall point of foundation but onely serueth me by ignorance of the quality in which they are vnto me rather then in the substance and strength Leagues are vsually of more appearance then effect and of more splendor in the beginning then of profit or durablenesse in the end so many accidents causing disunion suspition or some other ill quality amongst confederates yet when a league is made for preseruation against the common perill rising from a potent enemie and when diuers bodies are moued to one end and with one consent and not one bodie with diuers consents and euerie one of these hauing particular respect to a diuers end and when if there be any thing acquisited the distribution of the members of that bodie is such vpon whom the acqueit is to be made that there is no possible pretendence from one to the others getting I doe not see but that such a league must bring substantiall reputation and generall commoditie that wil not be subiected to any common accident of dissolution For the Tartars which I haue as subiected if I were Oliuer Di-Chan Haâ—denheaguâ— â—r Basâ—an-Agâ— I could thinke of few better meanes to assure my selfe of their rebellions then those which they haue propouÌ„dâ—d except one addition of suffering them to enioy their ancient order lawes and their particular course of iustice But as I am borne with a mindâ— of another constitution I can secure them better by giuing them to their owne naturall Prince and him to them For to whose father I was â—o much bound that through the royalty of his disposition I hold my life had the beginning of what I am I can do little for the son no gratefull act at all for the memory of the father if I cannot giue him a kingdom which is the least part of what I am To conclude as