in_o this_o life_n to_o fly_v vice_n and_o to_o embrace_v virtue_n from_o whence_o all_o good_a action_n do_v spring_n logical_o thus_o every_o man_n shall_v render_v account_n at_o the_o last_o day_n of_o all_o his_o deed_n both_o good_a and_o bad_a and_o shall_v receive_v a_o just_a reward_n according_a to_o the_o same_o ergo_fw-la every_o man_n while_o he_o live_v in_o this_o world_n aught_o to_o fly_v vice_n and_o to_o embrace_v virtue_n from_o the_o cause_n efficient_a sigh_v man_n be_v create_v by_o god_n the_o creator_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o author_n of_o all_o goodness_n excellency_n and_o virtue_n and_o be_v form_v according_a to_o the_o very_a image_n and_o likeness_n of_o god_n it_o behove_v man_n therefore_o to_o imitate_v his_o creator_n and_o by_o lead_v a_o godly_a and_o virtuous_a life_n to_o show_v that_o he_o be_v somewhat_o like_o he_o though_o not_o able_a in_o all_o thing_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o so_o perfect_a a_o pattern_n logical_o thus_o god_n the_o cause_n efficient_a be_v good_a therefore_o man_n be_v the_o effect_n aught_o to_o be_v good_a from_o the_o end_n the_o prophet_n and_o apostle_n inspire_v with_o the_o holy_a ghost_n author_n of_o all_o truth_n by_o many_o their_o write_n do_v testify_v that_o the_o greatness_n and_o excellency_n of_o that_o blessedness_n whereunto_o man_n be_v create_v be_v such_o as_o no_o man_n be_v able_a to_o express_v with_o tongue_n nor_o in_o his_o heart_n or_o mind_n to_o conceive_v the_o same_o wherefore_o since_o man_n be_v create_v to_o such_o exceed_a great_a blessedness_n it_o behove_v he_o to_o embrace_v virtue_n which_o be_v the_o very_a mean_a and_o way_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o that_o blessedness_n logical_o thus_o sith_o most_o glorious_a blessedness_n be_v the_o end_n of_o man_n man_n therefore_o ought_v to_o embrace_v virtue_n that_o he_o may_v attain_v to_o that_o end_n what_o argument_n be_v to_o be_v gather_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o predicate_v and_o from_o what_o place_n these_o that_o follow_v and_o such_o like_a and_o first_o from_o the_o definition_n thus_o from_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o predicate_a sigh_v virtue_n be_v a_o moral_a habit_n whereby_o man_n will_n and_o all_o his_o action_n be_v always_o direct_v to_o god_n and_o govern_v according_a to_o true_a judgement_n and_o thereby_o be_v make_v most_o acceptable_a both_o to_o god_n and_o man_n man_n therefore_o ought_v to_o embrace_v virtue_n from_o whence_o such_o noble_a fruit_n do_v spring_n logical_o thus_o man_n ought_v to_o love_v that_o habit_n from_o whence_o all_o honest_a action_n do_v spring_v therefore_o man_n ought_v to_o love_v virtue_n from_o the_o description_n man_n ought_v with_o all_o endeavour_n to_o follow_v that_o thing_n whereby_o he_o may_v attain_v not_o a_o vain_a and_o transitory_a glory_n but_o a_o true_a and_o everlasting_a glory_n and_o thereby_o to_o be_v make_v acceptable_a both_o to_o god_n and_o man_n wherefore_o man_n ought_v to_o embrace_v virtue_n from_o whence_o such_o glory_n spring_v logical_o thus_o that_o thing_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v belove_v of_o man_n which_o get_v he_o everlasting_a glory_n therefore_o virtue_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v belove_v from_o the_o etymology_n sigh_v virtue_n if_o you_o diligent_o consider_v and_o weigh_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n be_v none_o other_o thing_n but_o a_o noble_a affection_n of_o the_o mind_n of_o great_a excellency_n and_o most_o meet_a for_o man_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o those_o which_o leave_v so_o precious_a a_o thing_n do_v set_v their_o whole_a delight_n in_o seek_v after_o worldly_a riches_n and_o bodily_a pleasure_n be_v much_o deceive_v and_o do_v great_o offend_v logical_o thus_o such_o excellency_n as_o be_v most_o meet_v for_o man_n become_v man_n best_a therefore_o virtue_n become_v he_o best_o from_o the_o general_a kind_a sigh_v it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o man_n ought_v with_o all_o diligence_n to_o seek_v after_o those_o habit_n whereby_o humane_a nature_n be_v best_a adorn_v and_o make_v most_o perfect_a and_o that_o virtue_n among_o such_o habit_n be_v the_o chiese_n because_o that_o thereby_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n be_v teach_v to_o know_v what_o truth_n be_v and_o his_o will_n thereby_o be_v always_o incline_v to_o honest_a and_o laudable_a action_n man_n therefore_o ought_v with_o all_o his_o power_n and_o endeavour_n to_o embrace_v virtue_n logical_o thus_o man_n ought_v chief_o to_o love_v those_o habit_n whereby_o his_o nature_n be_v make_v perfect_a therefore_o man_n ought_v to_o love_v virtue_n from_o the_o special_a kind_a it_o be_v most_o meet_a yea_o most_o necessary_a for_o all_o man_n to_o love_v fortitude_n and_o temperance_n for_o by_o temperance_n man_n will_n be_v bridle_v and_o keep_v from_o all_o evil_a lust_n and_o affection_n and_o by_o fortitude_n he_o be_v make_v free_a from_o fear_n of_o death_n and_o as_o without_o temperance_n man_n life_n can_v be_v honest_a so_o without_o fortitude_n his_o death_n can_v be_v commendable_a wherefore_o it_o plain_o appear_v how_o necessary_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o a_o man_n to_o embrace_v virtue_n as_o that_o which_o chief_o make_v his_o life_n honest_a and_o laudable_a and_o his_o death_n glorious_a and_o honourable_a logical_o thus_o a_o man_n ought_v to_o love_v fortitude_n and_o temperance_n ergo_fw-la he_o ought_v to_o love_v virtue_n from_o the_o corruption_n of_o the_o subject_n the_o destruction_n of_o virtue_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o most_o grievous_a evil_n for_o the_o light_n of_o virtue_n be_v extinct_a the_o mind_n be_v immediate_o wrap_v in_o such_o darkness_n as_o it_o can_v see_v nor_o discern_v what_o be_v honest_a what_o be_v profitable_a or_o what_o be_v hurtful_a by_o mean_n whereof_o man_n fall_v into_o most_o filthy_a vice_n which_o do_v so_o infect_v and_o corrupt_v the_o life_n of_o man_n as_o it_o become_v most_o detestable_a both_o to_o god_n and_o man_n whereby_o it_o plain_o appear_v how_o noble_a a_o thing_n virtue_n be_v and_o with_o what_o love_n and_o diligence_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v embrace_v of_o all_o man_n logical_o thus_o the_o destruction_n of_o virtue_n be_v evil_a therefore_o virtue_n be_v good_a and_o worthy_a to_o be_v belove_v from_o the_o use_n of_o the_o subject_n the_o use_n of_o virtue_n make_v man_n life_n commendable_a holy_a glorious_a and_o acceptable_a both_o to_o god_n and_o man_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v in_o this_o world_n more_o to_o be_v desire_v of_o man_n wherefore_o it_o manifest_o appear_v that_o virtue_n be_v so_o noble_a a_o thing_n as_o all_o man_n ought_v to_o bestow_v all_o their_o study_n labour_n and_o care_n in_o obtain_v the_o same_o logical_o thus_o the_o use_n of_o virtue_n be_v good_a therefore_o virtue_n be_v good_a from_o common_a accident_n sigh_v all_o man_n do_v great_o desire_v to_o have_v their_o conscience_n quiet_v and_o their_o mind_n free_a from_o all_o evil_a lust_n affect_n and_o passion_n which_o with_o continual_a strife_n do_v molest_v the_o same_o and_o thereby_o do_v cause_n man_n to_o lead_v a_o miserable_a life_n man_n therefore_o ought_v to_o refuse_v no_o pain_n nor_o labour_n so_o as_o he_o may_v attain_v to_o virtue_n which_o be_v always_o accompany_v with_o that_o tranquillity_n of_o mind_n and_o conscience_n that_o be_v so_o much_o desire_v logical_o thus_o the_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o conscience_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v ergo_fw-la virtue_n which_o be_v always_o accompany_v with_o that_o tranquillity_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v from_o the_o cause_n efficient_a sigh_v true_a virtue_n be_v not_o to_o be_v get_v by_o any_o man_n labour_n exercise_n or_o industry_n without_o the_o great_a grace_n of_o god_n who_o be_v chief_a author_n and_o giver_n of_o all_o good_a gift_n it_o well_o appear_v that_o virtue_n be_v a_o most_o excellent_a thing_n and_o most_o worthy_a to_o be_v have_v in_o admiration_n and_o therefore_o with_o fervent_a love_n and_o diligence_n to_o be_v embrace_v of_o all_o man_n logical_o thus_o god_n the_o chief_a author_n of_o all_o good_a be_v the_o cause_n efficient_a of_o virtue_n therefore_o virtue_n proceed_v of_o so_o worthy_a a_o cause_n must_v needs_o be_v a_o excellent_a thing_n and_o worthy_a of_o all_o man_n to_o be_v embrace_v from_o the_o effect_n true_a honour_n and_o glory_n have_v be_v always_o have_v among_o all_o man_n in_o great_a admiration_n because_o it_o seem_v not_o only_o by_o man_n judgement_n but_o also_o by_o the_o divine_a judgement_n of_o god_n to_o be_v always_o attribute_v to_o virtue_n wherefore_o since_o virtue_n do_v yield_v such_o noble_a fruit_n and_o effect_n virtue_n must_v needs_o be_v a_o noble_a thing_n itself_o and_o worthy_a of_o all_o man_n to_o be_v embrace_v logical_o thus_o the_o effect_n of_o virtue_n which_o be_v true_a honour_n and_o glory_n be_v good_a
the_o art_n of_o logic_n plain_o teach_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n according_a to_o the_o best_a approve_a author_n very_o necessary_a for_o all_o student_n in_o any_o profession_n how_o to_o defend_v any_o argument_n against_o all_o subtle_a sophister_n and_o cavil_a schismatic_n and_o how_o to_o confute_v their_o false_a syllogism_n and_o captious_a argument_n by_o m._n blundevile_n london_n print_v by_o william_n stansby_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o matthew_n lownes_n 1617._o to_o the_o reader_n mind_v here_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o art_n of_o logic_n in_o our_o vulgar_a tongue_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o those_o my_o countryman_n that_o be_v not_o learn_v in_o foreign_a tongue_n i_o think_v it_o no_o shame_n nor_o robbery_n to_o borrow_v term_n of_o the_o say_a art_n from_o the_o latin_n aswell_o as_o they_o do_v from_o the_o greek_n and_o special_o such_o term_n as_o can_v be_v apt_o express_v in_o our_o native_a speech_n and_o yet_o therewith_o i_o do_v not_o forget_v plain_o to_o show_v the_o signification_n of_o cuery_n such_o term_n so_o as_o every_o man_n may_v easy_o understand_v what_o each_o term_n signify_v think_v it_o much_o better_a so_o to_o do_v then_o to_o fain_v new_a word_n unproper_a for_o the_o purpose_n as_o some_o of_o late_o have_v do_v and_o as_o my_o mind_n be_v hereby_o to_o please_v the_o unlearned_a that_o be_v desirous_a of_o learning_n have_v both_o good_a wit_n and_o also_o good_a disposition_n with_o aptness_n to_o learn_v so_o my_o hope_n be_v not_o to_o offend_v the_o learned_a who_o i_o be_o sure_o do_v well_o allow_v of_o aristotle_n in_o say_v that_o every_o good_a thing_n the_o more_o common_a it_o be_v the_o better_a it_o be_v neither_o be_v they_o ignorant_a that_o in_o old_a time_n past_a aswell_o the_o greek_n as_o the_o latin_n of_o what_o art_n soever_o they_o write_v each_o one_o write_v the_o same_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o his_o own_o vulgar_a speech_n every_o man_n be_v not_o able_a in_o these_o costly_a day_n to_o find_v either_o himself_o or_o his_o child_n at_o the_o university_n who_o if_o god_n not_o withstand_v have_v endue_v with_o a_o lively_a wit_n and_o make_v he_o so_o apt_a to_o learning_n as_o have_v some_o help_n at_o home_n he_o may_v by_o his_o own_o industry_n attain_v unto_o right_a good_a knowledge_n &_o be_v make_v thereby_o the_o more_o able_a to_o glorify_v god_n and_o to_o profit_v his_o country_n true_o i_o see_v no_o cause_n why_o the_o learned_a shall_v disdain_v or_o be_v miscontent_v that_o such_o man_n or_o child_n shall_v be_v free_o teach_v this_o or_o any_o other_o good_a art_n without_o any_o cost_n or_o charge_n wherefore_o arm_v myself_o with_o assure_a hope_n that_o with_o this_o my_o labour_n i_o shall_v great_o profit_v and_o pleasure_v the_o unlearned_a and_o not_o hinder_v or_o displease_v the_o learned_a i_o will_v bold_o follow_v my_o enterprise_n and_o here_o brief_o show_v the_o order_n of_o my_o say_a work_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n or_o book_n for_o since_o logic_n be_v chief_o occupy_v in_o discuss_v of_o question_n and_o that_o such_o question_n both_o simple_a and_o compound_n do_v spring_n of_o word_n the_o first_o part_n of_o my_o book_n shall_v treat_v of_o word_n show_v which_o be_v simple_a which_o be_v compound_v and_o also_o which_o comprehend_v more_o and_o which_o comprehend_v less_o &_o which_o be_v of_o affinity_n and_o which_o be_v not_o leave_v out_o no_o necessary_a rule_n belong_v thereunto_o that_o be_v teach_v either_o by_o aristotle_n or_o by_o any_o other_o modern_a writer_n second_o because_o all_o simple_a question_n consist_v of_o single_a word_n be_v to_o be_v discuss_v by_o definition_n and_o division_n the_o second_o part_n treat_v of_o they_o both_o and_o therewith_o show_v also_o with_o what_o method_n and_o order_n such_o simple_a question_n be_v to_o be_v handle_v three_o because_o all_o compound_n question_n be_v to_o be_v discuss_v by_o reason_v or_o argumentation_n and_o that_o every_o kind_n of_o argument_n do_v consist_v of_o proposition_n the_o three_o part_n treat_v of_o a_o proposition_n and_o of_o all_o thing_n belong_v thereunto_o four_o because_o no_o sound_a argument_n can_v be_v make_v to_o prove_v or_o disprove_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o question_n unless_o the_o disputer_n know_v from_o whence_o to_o fetch_v his_o proof_n the_o four_o part_n of_o my_o book_n treat_v of_o all_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o any_o argument_n be_v to_o be_v fetch_v and_o the_o five_o part_n treat_v of_o argumentation_n and_o of_o all_o the_o kind_n thereof_o teach_v how_o every_o kind_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v the_o six_o and_o last_o part_n treat_v of_o confutation_n show_v how_o all_o sophistical_a argument_n be_v to_o be_v confute_v a_o postscript_n though_o i_o write_v this_o book_n many_o year_n past_a while_o i_o sojourn_v with_o my_o most_o dear_a brother_n in_o law_n m._n william_n hurnell_n a_o man_n of_o most_o singular_a humanity_n and_o of_o great_a hospitality_n at_o his_o house_n in_o winkborne_n in_o nottinghamshire_n not_o far_o from_o southwell_n yet_o notwithstanding_o upon_o diverse_a necessary_a consideration_n as_o i_o think_v since_o that_o time_n move_v i_o thereunto_o i_o still_o stay_v it_o from_o the_o press_n until_o now_o of_o late_a that_o i_o be_v full_o persuade_v by_o diverse_a of_o my_o learned_a friend_n to_o put_v it_o in_o print_n who_o have_v diligent_o peruse_v the_o same_o and_o like_v my_o plain_a order_n of_o teach_v use_v therein_o think_v it_o a_o most_o necessary_a book_n for_o such_o minister_n as_o have_v not_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o any_o university_n to_o many_o of_o which_o minister_n though_o god_n have_v give_v the_o gift_n of_o utterance_n and_o great_a good_a zeal_n to_o set_v forth_o in_o good_a speech_n the_o true_a christian_a doctrine_n yet_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v to_o deal_v with_o subtle_a sophister_n and_o cavil_v schismatic_n whereof_o in_o these_o day_n the_o more_o be_v the_o pity_n there_o be_v too_o many_o they_o be_v not_o able_a without_o the_o help_n of_o logic_n to_o defend_v the_o truth_n of_o god_n word_n and_o orderly_o to_o confute_v such_o false_a conclusion_n as_o perverse_a schismatic_n and_o heretic_n be_v wont_a to_o gather_v out_o of_o the_o very_a word_n of_o holy_a scripture_n wherefore_o through_o my_o say_a friend_n persuasion_n i_o have_v now_o at_o length_n commit_v my_o say_a book_n to_o the_o press_n pray_v all_o those_o that_o shall_v vouchsafe_v to_o read_v it_o as_o thankful_o to_o accept_v the_o same_o as_o of_o my_o part_n it_o be_v friendly_o offer_v vale._n the_o content_n of_o the_o chapter_n contain_v in_o these_o six_o book_n of_o logic_n the_o first_o book_n treat_v of_o a_o question_n and_o of_o word_n both_o singular_a and_o universal_a what_o logic_n be_v of_o what_o part_n it_o consist_v and_o whereto_o such_o part_n do_v serve_v which_o be_v the_o two_o chief_a office_n of_o logic_n and_o wherein_o logic_n be_v chief_o occupy_v that_o be_v in_o discuss_v of_o question_n which_o be_v do_v by_o definition_n division_n and_o argumentation_n chap._n 1._o what_o a_o question_n be_v and_o that_o every_o question_n be_v either_o simple_a or_o compound_n also_o of_o what_o part_v a_o compound_a question_n consist_v that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o two_o part_n call_v the_o subject_n and_o the_o predicate_v and_o what_o those_o term_n do_v signify_v because_o all_o question_n do_v consist_v of_o word_n either_o simple_a or_o compound_n in_o this_o chapter_n be_v set_v down_o three_o principal_a division_n of_o word_n first_o which_o be_v simple_a and_o which_o be_v compound_v second_o which_o be_v of_o the_o first_o intention_n and_o which_o be_v of_o the_o second_o intention_n and_o three_o which_o be_v singular_a call_v in_o latin_a individua_fw-la and_o which_o be_v universal_a chap._n 2._o what_o individuum_fw-la be_v and_o all_o the_o four_o kind_n thereof_o that_o be_v individuum_fw-la determinatum_fw-la individuum_fw-la demonstratiwm_fw-la individuum_fw-la vagum_fw-la and_o individuum_fw-la ex_fw-la hypothesi_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o supposition_n chap._n 3._o of_o universal_a word_n whereof_o some_o be_v call_v predicable_n and_o some_o predicament_n and_o first_o of_o the_o five_o predicable_n that_o be_v genus_fw-la species_n differentia_fw-la proprium_fw-la and_o accidens_fw-la and_o how_o every_o one_o be_v divide_v and_o to_o what_o use_v they_o serve_v but_o first_o of_o species_n and_o then_o of_o the_o rest_n chap._n 4._o of_o predication_n and_o of_o the_o diverse_a kind_n thereof_o chap._n 5._o of_o the_o ten_o predicament_n in_o general_a which_o be_v these_o substantia_fw-la quantitas_fw-la qualitas_fw-la relatio_fw-la actio_fw-la passio_fw-la vbi_fw-la quando_fw-la situm_fw-la est_fw-la and_o habere_fw-la chap._n 6._o of_o the_o forepredicament_n and_o show_v
with_o the_o good_a thou_o shall_v be_v good_a and_o with_o the_o froward_a thou_o shall_v learn_v frowardness_n what_o be_v the_o maxim_n of_o this_o place_n if_o one_o thing_n be_v put_v to_o another_o endue_v the_o same_o with_o any_o quality_n that_o thing_n must_v needs_o have_v the_o same_o quality_n itself_o i_o do_v place_n this_o place_n next_o to_o action_n because_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o it_o appertain_v to_o action_n of_o common_a accident_n what_o cast_v you_o common_a accident_n i_o call_v those_o common_a accident_n such_o thing_n as_o be_v either_o always_o or_o for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o knit_v together_o as_o the_o one_o go_v before_o or_o after_o the_o other_o or_o else_o accompany_v each_o one_o the_o other_o whereof_o some_o be_v necessary_a and_o some_o probable_a how_o may_v we_o reason_n from_o the_o necessary_a both_o affirmative_o and_o negative_o and_o first_o affirmative_o by_o the_o latter_a part_n thus_o this_o appletree_n have_v flower_n ergo_fw-la it_o have_v bud_v it_o have_v fruit_n ergo_fw-la it_o have_v both_o bud_v and_o flower_v this_o woman_n be_v bring_v to_o bed_n of_o a_o child_n ergo_fw-la she_o have_v conceive_v negative_o by_o the_o former_a part_n thus_o this_o woman_n never_o conceive_v ergo_fw-la she_o can_v bring_v forth_o no_o child_n this_o man_n never_o study_v ergo_fw-la he_o be_v not_o learned_a what_o be_v the_o maxim_n of_o this_o place_n if_o the_o latter_a be_v the_o former_a must_v needs_o go_v before_o and_o if_o the_o former_a be_v not_o the_o latter_a can_v be_v of_o probable_a accident_n conjecture_n presumption_n sign_n and_o circumstance_n how_o may_v we_o reason_n from_o probable_a accident_n from_o probable_a accident_n you_o may_v reason_v affirmative_o thus_o the_o feast_n of_o bacehus_n be_v this_o day_n celebrate_v ergo_fw-la there_o will_v be_v many_o drunken_a this_o day_n the_o general_a session_n be_v hold_v this_o day_n ergo_fw-la there_o will_v be_v some_o hang_v what_o be_v the_o maxim_n of_o this_o place_n if_o the_o latter_a be_v it_o be_v likely_a that_o the_o former_a go_v before_o and_o if_o the_o former_a be_v it_o be_v like_a enough_o the_o latter_a may_v sollow_v but_o you_o must_v beware_v in_o reason_v from_o this_o place_n that_o you_o fetch_v not_o your_o argument_n from_o such_o accident_n as_o chance_v but_o seldom_o or_o be_v indifferent_a for_o such_o be_v neither_o necessary_a nor_o probable_a but_o sophistical_a and_o fallible_a as_o to_o reason_n thus_o she_o be_v a_o fair_a woman_n ergo_fw-la she_o be_v unchaste_a whereto_o serve_v the_o place_n of_o common_a accident_n in_o the_o judicial_a kind_n it_o help_v great_o to_o prove_v the_o fact_n in_o the_o demonstrative_a kind_n to_o praise_n or_o dispraise_v in_o the_o deliberative_a kind_n to_o persuade_v or_o dissuade_v and_o to_o gather_v together_o all_o conjecture_n meet_v for_o the_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o this_o place_n be_v much_o use_v of_o natural_a philosopher_n to_o prove_v thing_n by_o natural_a sign_n or_o by_o physiognomy_n also_o of_o astrologer_n â—…o_v prove_v dearth_n mortality_n and_o such_o like_a by_o wonder_n and_o monster_n as_o by_o blaze_a star_n and_o such_o like_a impression_n also_o it_o be_v much_o use_v of_o chiromancer_n soothsayer_n and_o such_o as_o use_v to_o judge_v by_o conjecture_n and_o therefore_o this_o place_n extend_v very_o far_o and_o serve_v to_o many_o use_n hitherto_o also_o be_v refer_v the_o place_n of_o circumstance_n and_o chief_o of_o time_n and_o place_n from_o whence_o good_a argument_n may_v be_v fetch_v of_o time_n how_o be_v argument_n fetch_v from_o time_n negative_o thus_o pythag_n be_v not_o bear_v in_o numa_n pompilius_n time_n ergo_fw-la numa_n be_v not_o pythagoras_n scholar_n the_o ceremonial_a law_n of_o moses_n be_v make_v for_o a_o certain_a time_n ergo_fw-la after_o that_o time_n they_o do_v not_o bind_v what_o be_v the_o maxim_n of_o this_o place_n nothing_o can_v be_v without_o time_n for_o if_o time_n be_v take_v away_o the_o thing_n also_o must_v needs_o fail_v of_o place_n how_o be_v argument_n fetch_v from_o place_n negative_o thus_o cicero_n be_v not_o at_o rome_n when_o julius_n caesar_n be_v slay_v ergo_fw-la cicero_n slay_v he_o not_o what_o be_v the_o maxim_n of_o this_o place_n no_o certain_a body_n or_o thing_n be_v without_o a_o place_n neither_o be_v one_o body_n at_o one_o time_n in_o diverse_a place_n and_o thus_o much_o touch_v inward_a place_n of_o outward_a place_n and_o first_o of_o cause_n which_o be_v outward_a place_n outward_a place_n be_v those_o which_o appertain_v to_o the_o thing_n and_o yet_o do_v not_o cleave_v thereunto_o of_o which_o place_n the_o first_o be_v of_o cause_n and_o effect_n what_o be_v a_o cause_n a_o cause_n be_v that_o by_o virtue_n whereof_o another_o thing_n follow_v how_o many_o chief_a kind_n of_o cause_n be_v there_o four_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o cause_n efficient_a the_o end_n matter_n and_o shape_n of_o the_o two_o last_o whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o because_o they_o be_v inward_a place_n and_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v to_o deal_v only_o here_o with_o the_o cause_n efficient_a and_o end_n of_o the_o cause_n efficient_a what_o be_v that_o cause_n efficient_a and_o how_o be_v it_o divide_v cause_o efficient_a be_v that_o from_o whence_o proceed_v the_o first_o beginning_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v make_v or_o do_v and_o be_v the_o maker_n thereof_o as_o for_o example_n the_o carpenter_n be_v the_o cause_n efficient_a of_o the_o house_n which_o he_o make_v and_o so_o be_v every_o artificer_n of_o his_o own_o work_n cause_n efficient_a be_v divide_v into_o two_o kind_n that_o be_v to_o say_v cause_v absolute_a and_o cause_v adiwant_fw-la cause_o absolute_a work_v by_o his_o own_o force_n and_o virtue_n as_o the_o fire_n that_o burn_v cause_n adiwant_fw-la work_v not_o by_o himself_o but_o be_v a_o helper_n and_o such_o cause_n be_v sometime_o principal_a as_o virtue_n be_v a_o principal_a cause_n of_o bless_a life_n and_o sometime_o not_o principal_a as_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o body_n and_o of_o fortune_n be_v helper_n to_o the_o happy_a life_n but_o not_o principal_a cause_n thereof_o again_o of_o cause_n some_o be_v of_o necessity_n without_o which_o the_o thing_n can_v be_v make_v as_o the_o instrument_n or_o matter_n and_o some_o be_v say_v not_o to_o be_v of_o necessity_n as_o when_o we_o say_v the_o speak_n of_o truth_n cause_v hatred_n and_o yet_o not_o of_o necessity_n also_o of_o cause_n efficient_a some_o be_v universal_a and_o some_o particular_a as_o the_o eclipse_n or_o evil_a conjunction_n of_o certain_a planet_n be_v the_o universal_a cause_n of_o pestilence_n but_o the_o corruption_n of_o humour_n in_o man_n body_n be_v the_o particular_a cause_n thereof_o again_o of_o cause_n some_o be_v call_v of_o the_o latin_n propinquae_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v nigh_o unto_o the_o effect_n as_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n be_v the_o nigh_a cause_n of_o generation_n of_o child_n and_o some_o be_v call_v remotae_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v remove_v cause_n which_o be_v further_a of_o as_o the_o grandsâ—…rs_n and_o grandame_n of_o the_o say_a child_n moreover_o of_o cause_n efficient_a some_o work_n by_o a_o certain_a natural_a necessity_n as_o those_o that_o lack_v choice_n and_o judgement_n as_o fire_n that_o burn_v and_o the_o sun_n that_o shine_v and_o all_o other_o natural_a thing_n that_o do_v work_n by_o their_o own_o force_n and_o virtue_n some_o again_o do_v work_n by_o counsel_n reason_n and_o freewill_n as_o man_n angel_n and_o most_o chief_o god_n himself_o how_o may_v we_o reason_n from_o the_o efficient_a cause_n to_o the_o effect_n from_o the_o necessary_a efficient_a cause_n you_o may_v reason_n both_o affirmative_o and_o negative_o affirmative_o thus_o the_o sun_n be_v late_o go_v down_o ergo_fw-la it_o be_v twilight_n negative_o thus_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o up_o when_o troy_n be_v destroy_v ergo_fw-la troy_n be_v not_o destroy_v in_o the_o day_n time_n but_o from_o the_o efficient_a not_o necessary_a you_o can_v reason_v but_o only_o affirmative_o thus_o he_o be_v slay_v ergo_fw-la he_o be_v dead_a but_o you_o can_v say_v he_o be_v not_o slay_v ergo_fw-la he_o be_v not_o dead_a what_o be_v the_o maxim_n of_o this_o place_n the_o necessary_a cause_n efficient_a not_o let_v the_o effect_n must_v needs_o follow_v as_o if_o he_o have_v drunken_a poison_n he_o must_v needs_o die_v but_o if_o such_o cause_n fail_v the_o effect_n also_o must_v needs_o fail_v as_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o up_o ergo_fw-la it_o be_v not_o day_n he_o never_o study_v ergo_fw-la he_o be_v not_o learned_a to_o which_o place_n may_v be_v refer_v the_o place_n of_o occasion_n instrument_n mean_v and_o generation_n how_o may_v we_o reason_n
not_o first_o neither_o do_v they_o show_v the_o original_a cause_n of_o the_o conclusion_n for_o the_o mayor_n of_o this_o syllogism_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o a_o former_a and_o more_o know_a proposition_n for_o that_o which_o be_v more_o general_a be_v more_o know_v then_o that_o which_o be_v less_o general_a as_o thus_o every_o live_a body_n be_v nourishable_a but_o every_o sensible_a body_n be_v a_o live_a body_n ergo_fw-la every_o sensible_a body_n be_v nourishable_a again_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v unperfect_a when_o we_o proceed_v from_o the_o effect_n to_o the_o cause_n as_o when_o we_o say_v it_o be_v day_n ergo_fw-la the_o sun_n be_v up_o but_o that_o demonstration_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o cause_n to_o the_o effect_n be_v the_o more_o worthy_a because_o we_o use_v therein_o discourse_n of_o reason_n and_o understanding_n and_o in_o the_o other_o we_o only_o judge_v by_o the_o outward_a sense_n whereof_o spring_v two_o principal_a kind_n of_o method_n that_o be_v to_o say_v compendious_a or_o short_a order_n or_o way_n of_o teach_v in_o all_o manner_n of_o science_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v composition_n proceed_v forward_o from_o the_o first_o to_o the_o last_o and_o the_o other_o be_v call_v resolution_n proceed_v backward_o from_o the_o last_o to_o the_o first_o as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d method_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 5._o chap._n xx._n of_o science_n opinion_n ignorance_n wit_n and_o of_o the_o four_o sciencial_a question_n what_o other_o thing_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v treat_v of_o by_o the_o schoolman_n in_o demonstration_n diverse_a thing_n as_o what_o difference_n be_v betwixt_o science_n and_o opinion_n also_o they_o treat_v of_o the_o diverse_a kind_n of_o ignorance_n of_o prompt_a wit_n and_o of_o the_o four_o scienciall_a question_n what_o difference_n be_v betwixt_o science_n and_o opinion_n science_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o be_v that_o which_o consist_v of_o necessary_a certain_a and_o infallible_a proposition_n and_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o can_v be_v otherwise_o opinion_n be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n casual_a which_o may_v be_v sometime_o false_a and_o sometime_o true_a how_o many_o kind_n of_o ignorance_n do_v the_o schoolman_n make_v two_o that_o be_v to_o say_v absolute_a which_o of_o the_o schoolman_n be_v call_v ignorantia_fw-la negationis_fw-la and_o ignorance_n by_o false_a conception_n which_o they_o call_v ignorantia_fw-la affectionis_fw-la the_o first_o be_v when_o we_o utter_o deny_v to_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o a_o thing_n at_o all_o the_o other_o be_v when_o we_o think_v to_o know_v that_o which_o we_o know_v not_o be_v deceive_v by_o some_o false_a persuasion_n whereunto_o we_o be_v affect_v whereof_o it_o be_v call_v ignorantia_fw-la affectionis_fw-la how_o do_v aristotle_n define_v prompt_a wit_n call_v of_o the_o latin_n solertia_fw-la he_o define_v it_o to_o be_v a_o promptness_n or_o readiness_n in_o quick_o find_v out_o the_o proof_n or_o cause_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o question_n without_o any_o study_n which_o be_v the_o four_o sciential_a question_n these_o whether_o the_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v how_o it_o be_v and_o wherefore_o it_o be_v whereof_o the_o first_o enquire_v of_o the_o subject_n whether_o it_o be_v the_o second_o of_o the_o predicate_v as_o what_o it_o be_v the_o three_o how_o it_o be_v that_o be_v to_o say_v how_o the_o predicate_a be_v speak_v of_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o four_o ask_v the_o cause_n why_o it_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o subject_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o a_o syllogism_n demonstrative_a now_o of_o a_o syllogism_n dialecticall_a or_o probable_a chap._n xxi_o of_o a_o syllogism_n dialecticall_a what_o be_v a_o dialecticall_a syllogism_n a_o dialecticall_a syllogism_n be_v that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o probable_a and_o credible_a proposition_n what_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v probable_a thing_n probable_a according_a to_o aristotle_n be_v these_o that_o seem_v true_a to_o all_o man_n or_o to_o the_o most_o part_n of_o man_n or_o to_o all_o wise_a man_n or_o to_o the_o most_o part_n of_o wise_a man_n or_o else_o to_o the_o most_o approve_a wise_a man_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o thing_n probable_a may_v be_v say_v five_o manner_n of_o way_n show_v how_o first_o those_o thing_n be_v probable_a which_o unto_o all_o man_n aswell_o learned_a as_o unlearned_a be_v in_o their_o right_a wit_n do_v seem_v to_o be_v true_a as_o these_o every_o mother_n love_v her_o child_n we_o love_v they_o that_o love_v we_o we_o must_v do_v good_a to_o they_o that_o do_v good_a to_o us._n second_o those_o thing_n that_o seem_v true_a to_o most_o man_n as_o these_o it_o be_v better_a for_o a_o communality_n to_o be_v rule_v by_o one_o prince_n then_o by_o many_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o serve_v many_o master_n at_o once_o three_o those_o thing_n that_o seem_v true_a to_o all_o wise_a man_n as_o these_o what_o thing_n soever_o be_v honest_a the_o same_o be_v also_o profitable_a virtue_n be_v better_a than_o riches_n four_o those_o that_o seem_v true_a to_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o wise_a and_o learned_a as_o thus_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v immortal_a the_o sun_n be_v great_a than_o the_o earth_n five_o those_o thing_n that_o seem_v true_a to_o the_o most_o approve_a wise_a man_n as_o these_o the_o world_n have_v a_o beginning_n it_o be_v better_a for_o a_o prince_n to_o be_v love_v then_o fear_v of_o his_o subject_n and_o general_o under_o thing_n probable_a be_v contain_v all_o true_a proposition_n that_o be_v casual_a and_o not_o imply_v any_o necessity_n i_o say_v here_o true_a proposition_n to_o exclude_v false_a proposition_n whereof_o sophistical_a syllogism_n be_v make_v and_o not_o those_o which_o we_o call_v probable_a or_o logical_a syllogism_n and_o yet_o such_o proposition_n be_v not_o so_o true_a in_o deed_n as_o those_o that_o be_v require_v in_o a_o syllogism_n demonstrative_a but_o only_o do_v seem_v true_a engender_v a_o certain_a opinion_n in_o man_n mind_n doubt_v notwithstanding_o the_o contrary_a for_o it_o breed_v not_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n as_o science_n do_v whereby_o the_o mind_n be_v of_o all_o doubt_n thorough_o resolve_v and_o note_v here_o that_o the_o schoolman_n do_v make_v the_o matter_n whereof_o a_o dialecticall_a syllogism_n do_v consist_v to_o be_v twofold_a that_o be_v materia_fw-la remota_fw-la in_o english_a far_o off_o and_o materia_fw-la propanqua_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v nigh_o or_o near_o at_o hand_n what_o do_v materia_fw-la remota_fw-la contain_v these_o four_o dialecticall_a predicate_v that_o be_v definition_n call_v of_o the_o schoolman_n terminus_n property_n general_a kind_n and_o accident_n all_o which_o predicate_v be_v before_o define_v and_o be_v call_v predicate_v because_o they_o be_v common_a word_n speak_v of_o other_o but_o true_o i_o see_v no_o cause_n why_o these_o four_o predicate_v shall_v be_v attribute_v to_o a_o dialectical_a syllogism_n more_o than_o to_o a_o syllogism_n demonstrative_a for_o sure_a i_o be_o that_o as_o good_a demonstration_n may_v be_v make_v of_o these_o as_o of_o any_o other_o predicat_o what_o be_v contain_v under_o materia_fw-la propanqua_fw-la these_o a_o dialecticall_a proposition_n problem_n and_o position_n what_o difference_n be_v betwixt_o these_o three_o word_n dialecticall_a proposition_n problem_n and_o position_n a_o dialecticall_a proposition_n be_v a_o probable_a question_n utter_v with_o a_o simple_a interrogatory_n as_o whether_o the_o mother_n love_v her_o child_n which_o be_v no_o question_n in_o deed_n but_o to_o he_o that_o ask_v a_o problem_n be_v a_o doubtful_a question_n utter_v with_o a_o double_a interrogatory_n as_o whether_o the_o least_o fix_a star_n in_o the_o firmament_n be_v great_a than_o the_o moon_n or_o not_o or_o whether_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v big_a than_o the_o earth_n or_o not_o position_n be_v a_o wonderful_a opinion_n maintain_v by_o some_o excellent_a clerk_n as_o to_o say_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v but_o one_o essence_n or_o be_v as_o melissus_n affirm_v or_o that_o all_o thing_n do_v continual_o flow_v and_o change_v as_o heraclitus_n hold_v or_o that_o the_o earth_n move_v and_o not_o the_o heaven_n as_o copernicus_n suppose_v only_o to_o find_v out_o thereby_o the_o true_a motion_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o not_o for_o that_o he_o think_v so_o in_o deed_n chap._n xxii_o of_o a_o sophistical_a syllogism_n what_o be_v a_o sophistical_a or_o false_a syllogism_n a_o false_a syllogism_n be_v that_o which_o be_v either_o make_v of_o false_a proposition_n or_o else_o of_o such_o as_o seem_v probable_a and_o be_v not_o in_o deed_n or_o else_o of_o probable_a premise_n not_o right_o conclude_v and_o of_o such_o syllogism_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n the_o one_o fail_v in_o matter_n the_o other_o in_o form_n the_o three_o in_o both_o when_o be_v it_o say_v to_o fail_v in_o
from_o the_o effect_n to_o the_o cause_n efficient_a from_o the_o necessary_a effect_n both_o affirmative_o and_o negative_o thus_o it_o be_v day_n ergo_fw-la the_o sun_n be_v up_o it_o be_v not_o day_n ergo_fw-la the_o sun_n be_v not_o up_o from_o the_o effect_v not_o necessary_a you_o may_v only_o reason_n negative_o thus_o he_o be_v not_o dead_a ergo_fw-la he_o be_v not_o slay_v but_o you_o can_v reason_v so_o affirmative_o as_o to_o say_v he_o be_v dead_a ergo_fw-la he_o be_v slay_v what_o be_v the_o maxim_n of_o this_o place_n the_o effect_n be_v put_v the_o necessary_a cause_n must_v needs_o be_v and_o the_o effect_v be_v take_v away_o the_o necessary_a cause_n be_v also_o take_v away_o when_o do_v argument_n fetch_v from_o this_o place_n fail_v when_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o necessary_a or_o proper_a of_o the_o end_n what_o be_v end_n and_o how_o be_v it_o divide_v the_o end_n be_v that_o for_o who_o sake_n any_o thing_n be_v do_v and_o of_o end_n some_o be_v chief_a and_o last_o and_o some_o not_o chief_a but_o help_v the_o chief_a be_v that_o which_o be_v desire_v for_o itself_o sake_n and_o such_o be_v the_o best_a state_n of_o every_o thing_n in_o his_o kind_n as_o bless_a life_n to_o man_n courage_n and_o fierceness_n to_o a_o horse_n of_o service_n heat_n and_o dryness_n to_o fire_n coldness_n and_o moistness_n to_o water_n etc._n etc._n the_o help_a end_n be_v that_o which_o be_v desire_v not_o for_o itself_o sake_n but_o for_o that_o it_o help_v to_o attain_v the_o chief_a end_n and_o of_o such_o help_a end_n one_o may_v be_v better_o than_o another_o as_o when_o we_o desire_v money_n to_o buy_v a_o house_n and_o the_o house_n to_o dwell_v in_o etc._n etc._n how_o may_v we_o reason_n from_o this_o place_n both_o affirmative_o and_o negative_o affirmative_o thus_o virtue_n be_v good_a because_o bless_a life_n be_v good_a negative_o thus_o if_o adultery_n be_v not_o good_a to_o allure_v another_o man_n wife_n to_o break_v wedlock_n be_v not_o good_a what_o be_v the_o maxim_n of_o this_o place_n that_o thing_n whereof_o the_o end_n be_v good_a or_o evil_n be_v also_o of_o itself_o good_a or_o evil_n tell_v the_o use_n of_o these_o place_n of_o cause_n and_o whereto_o they_o serve_v the_o use_n thereof_o be_v diverse_a and_o manifold_a for_o since_o that_o in_o the_o deliberative_a kind_n two_o principal_a question_n be_v to_o be_v discuss_v first_o whether_o the_o thing_n be_v profitable_a and_o second_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v possible_a and_o convenient_o do_v or_o not_o argument_n to_o prove_v the_o first_o be_v to_o be_v fetch_v out_o of_o the_o end_n and_o effect_n and_o to_o prove_v the_o second_o out_o of_o the_o cause_n efficient_a also_o in_o the_o kind_a demonstrative_a to_o praise_v or_o dispraise_v argument_n be_v to_o be_v fetch_v out_o of_o the_o end_n and_o effect_n three_o in_o the_o judicial_a kind_n wherein_o doubt_n rise_v of_o the_o fact_n and_o will_v of_o the_o doer_n argument_n be_v to_o be_v fetch_v from_o the_o end_n to_o prove_v or_o disprove_v the_o same_o final_o these_o place_n together_o with_o the_o other_o two_o cause_n matter_n and_o form_n before_o teach_v do_v serve_v to_o make_v those_o kind_n of_o definition_n which_o we_o call_v causal_n of_o opposite_n what_o be_v opposite_n thing_n contrary_a one_o to_o another_o how_o many_o kind_n of_o opposite_n be_v there_o four_o that_o be_v to_o say_v relative_n contrary_n privative_n and_o contradictory_n and_o first_o of_o relative_n when_o be_v thing_n say_v to_o be_v opposite_n by_o relation_n when_o according_a to_o their_o own_o signification_n they_o have_v mutual_a relation_n one_o to_o another_o as_o the_o father_n and_o the_o son_n how_o may_v we_o reason_n from_o this_o place_n you_o may_v reason_v from_o the_o affirmation_n of_o the_o one_o to_o the_o denial_n of_o the_o other_o thus_o augustus_n be_v octaâ—…s_o his_o son_n ergo_fw-la he_o be_v not_o his_o father_n what_o be_v the_o maxim_n of_o this_o place_n sith_o relative_n be_v always_o together_o by_o nature_n if_o the_o one_o be_v the_o other_o must_v needs_o be_v and_o if_o the_o one_o be_v take_v away_o the_o other_o be_v also_o take_v away_o what_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o fetch_v argument_n from_o this_o place_n you_o must_v beware_v that_o you_o have_v oneself_o respect_n and_o not_o diverse_a for_o to_o reason_n thus_o be_v no_o good_a consequent_a this_o man_n be_v a_o father_n ergo_fw-la he_o be_v no_o son_n or_o thus_o this_o man_n be_v his_o superior_a ergo_fw-la not_o his_o inferior_a for_o in_o diverse_a respect_n he_o may_v be_v both_o a_o father_n and_o a_o son_n a_o superior_a and_o inferior_a a_o superior_a in_o one_o respect_n and_o inferior_a in_o another_o of_o contrary_n what_o be_v contrary_n and_o how_o be_v they_o divide_v they_o be_v two_o extreme_n repugnant_a one_o to_o another_o whereof_o some_o be_v call_v mediate_v that_o be_v to_o say_v have_v a_o mean_a and_o some_o immediate_a have_v no_o mean_a at_o all_o how_o may_v we_o reason_n from_o these_o two_o kind_n from_o the_o first_o kind_n you_o may_v conclude_v negative_o thus_o he_o be_v prodigal_a ergo_fw-la he_o be_v not_o covetous_a from_o the_o second_o kind_n you_o may_v reason_n both_o affirmative_o &_o negative_o thus_o this_o man_n be_v whole_a ergo_fw-la he_o be_v not_o sick_a this_o man_n be_v not_o whole_a ergo_fw-la he_o be_v sick_a what_o be_v the_o maxim_n of_o this_o place_n the_o maxim_n of_o the_o affirmative_a to_o the_o negative_a be_v the_o general_a maxim_n to_o all_o opposite_n thus_o whatsoever_o agree_v with_o the_o one_o opposite_a must_v needs_o disagree_v with_o the_o other_o opposite_a but_o the_o maxim_n of_o the_o immediate_a be_v thus_o if_o one_o of_o the_o contrary_n immediate_a be_v not_o the_o other_o must_v needs_o be_v as_o the_o former_a example_n do_v plain_o show_v of_o privative_n what_o be_v privative_n privative_n be_v two_o contrary_n belong_v to_o oneself_o subject_n apt_a to_o receive_v the_o same_o in_o the_o which_o subject_n when_o the_o one_o be_v want_v at_o such_o time_n as_o nature_n do_v appoint_v the_o other_o must_v needs_o be_v how_o may_v we_o reason_n from_o this_o place_n two_o way_n first_o from_o affirmation_n of_o the_o one_o to_o the_o denial_n of_o the_o other_o which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o opposite_n as_o thus_o he_o be_v blind_a ergo_fw-la he_o see_v not_o second_o you_o may_v reason_n from_o the_o denial_n of_o the_o one_o to_o the_o affirmation_n of_o the_o other_o thus_o he_o can_v speak_v ergo_fw-la he_o be_v dumb_a but_o this_o kind_n of_o argument_n be_v not_o strong_a unless_o the_o thing_n require_v be_v apply_v to_o his_o proper_a subject_n and_o in_o such_o time_n as_o nature_n have_v appoint_v for_o it_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n to_o say_v thus_o a_o suck_a child_n can_v speak_v ergo_fw-la he_o be_v dumb_a or_o thus_o a_o whelp_n of_o two_o day_n old_n can_v see_v ergo_fw-la he_o be_v blind_a for_o nature_n common_o suffer_v not_o the_o child_n to_o speak_v before_o it_o be_v two_o year_n old_a nor_o the_o whelp_n to_o see_v before_o it_o be_v nine_o day_n old_a what_o be_v the_o maxim_n of_o this_o place_n if_o the_o one_o be_v not_o in_o the_o subject_a apt_a to_o receive_v the_o same_o at_o such_o time_n as_o nature_n have_v appoint_v the_o other_o must_v needs_o be_v of_o contradictory_n what_o be_v contradictory_n they_o be_v contrary_n have_v no_o mean_a whereof_o the_o one_o deny_v the_o other_o how_o may_v we_o reason_n from_o this_o place_n both_o affirmative_o and_o negative_o thus_o he_o be_v wife_n ergo_fw-la he_o be_v no_o fool_n he_o be_v a_o fool_n ergo_fw-la he_o be_v not_o wise_a what_o be_v the_o maxim_n of_o this_o place_n if_o the_o one_o be_v the_o other_o can_v be_v for_o two_o contradictory_n can_v be_v together_o at_o oneself_o time_n in_o oneself_o subject_a and_o in_o oneself_o respect_n of_o thing_n differ_v in_o kind_n call_v of_o the_o latin_n disparata_fw-la what_o be_v they_o they_o be_v those_o thing_n that_o do_v differ_v in_o nature_n and_o kind_n as_o a_o man_n a_o horse_n a_o stone_n a_o tree_n whereof_o every_o one_o differ_v from_o another_o in_o kind_n and_o nature_n how_o may_v we_o reason_n from_o this_o place_n from_o the_o affirmation_n of_o the_o one_o to_o the_o denial_n of_o the_o other_o as_o thus_o peter_n be_v a_o man_n ergo_fw-la he_o be_v no_o horse_n what_o be_v the_o maxim_n of_o this_o place_n whatsoever_o agree_v with_o the_o one_o agree_v not_o with_o the_o other_o what_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o reason_v from_o all_o these_o kind_n of_o opposite_n that_o the_o repugnancy_n consist_v in_o the_o predicat_fw-la and_o not_o in_o the_o subject_n for_o it_o be_v no_o