can_v never_o total_o represent_v to_o it_o which_o carry_v in_o it_o a_o plain_a contradiction_n this_o will_v be_v plain_o if_o we_o consider_v infinity_o in_o number_n the_o infinity_o of_o number_n to_o the_o end_n of_o who_o addition_n every_o one_o perceive_v there_o be_v no_o approach_n easy_o appear_v to_o any_o one_o that_o reflect_v on_o it_o but_o how_o clear_a soever_o this_o idea_n of_o the_o infinity_o of_o number_n be_v there_o be_v nothing_o yet_o more_o evident_a than_o the_o absurdity_n of_o the_o actual_a idea_n of_o infinite_a number_n chap._n xviii_o of_o other_o simple_a modes_n the_o mind_n have_v several_a distinct_a idea_n of_o slide_v rolling_n walk_v creep_v etc._n etc._n which_o be_v all_o but_o the_o different_a modification_n of_o motion_n swift_a and_o slow_n be_v two_o different_a idea_n of_o motion_n the_o measure_n whereof_o be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o distance_n of_o time_n and_o space_n put_v together_o the_o like_a variety_n we_o have_v in_o sound_n every_o articulate_a word_n be_v a_o different_a modification_n of_o sound_n as_o be_v also_o note_n of_o different_a length_n put_v together_o which_o make_v that_o complex_n idea_n call_v tune_n the_o modes_n of_o colour_n may_v be_v also_o very_o various_a some_o of_o which_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o as_o the_o different_a degree_n or_o as_o they_o be_v term_v shade_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n but_o since_o we_o seldom_o make_v assemblage_n of_o colour_n without_o take_v in_o figure_n also_o as_o in_o paint_v etc._n etc._n those_o which_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o do_v most_o common_o belong_v to_o mix_a modes_n as_o beauty_n rainbow_n etc._n etc._n all_o compound_v taste_n and_o smell_v be_v also_o modes_n make_v up_o of_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o those_o sense_n but_o they_o be_v such_o as_o general_o we_o have_v no_o name_n for_o can_v be_v set_v down_o in_o writing_n but_o must_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o thought_n and_o experience_n of_o the_o reader_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o modes_n of_o think_v when_o the_o mind_n turn_v its_o view_n inward_o upon_o its_o self_n think_v be_v the_o first_o idea_n that_o occur_v wherein_o it_o observe_v a_o great_a variety_n of_o modification_n and_o thereof_o frame_v to_o itself_o distinct_a idea_n thus_o the_o perception_n annex_v to_o any_o impression_n on_o the_o body_n make_v by_o a_o external_a object_n be_v call_v sensation_n when_o a_o idea_n recur_v without_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o object_n it_o be_v call_v remembrance_n when_o seek_v after_o by_o the_o mind_n and_o bring_v again_o in_o view_n it_o be_v recollection_n when_o hold_v there_o long_o under_o attentive_a consideration_n it_o be_v contemplation_n when_o idea_n float_v in_o the_o mind_n without_o regard_n or_o reflection_n it_o be_v call_v in_o french_a resvery_n our_o language_n have_v scarce_o a_o name_n for_o it_o when_o the_o idea_n be_v take_v notice_n of_o and_o as_o it_o be_v register_v in_o the_o memory_n it_o be_v attention_n when_o the_o mind_n fix_v its_o view_n on_o any_o one_o idea_n and_o consider_v it_o on_o all_o side_n it_o be_v intention_n and_o study_n sleep_v without_o dream_v be_v rest_n from_o all_o these_o and_o dream_v be_v the_o perception_n of_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n not_o suggest_v by_o any_o external_a object_n or_o know_v occasion_n nor_o under_o any_o choice_n or_o conduct_n of_o the_o understanding_n of_o these_o various_a mode_n of_o think_v the_o mind_n form_n as_o distinct_a idea_n as_o it_o do_v of_o white_a and_o red_a a_o square_a or_o a_o circle_n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o modes_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n pleasure_n and_o pain_n be_v simple_a idea_n which_o we_o receive_v both_o from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n there_o be_v thought_n of_o the_o mind_n as_o well_o as_o sensation_n accompany_v with_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n their_o cause_n be_v term_v good_a or_o evil._n for_o thing_n be_v esteem_v good_a or_o evil_a only_a in_o reference_n to_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n that_o we_o call_v good_a which_o be_v apt_a to_o cause_n or_o increase_v pleasure_n or_o diminish_v pain_n in_o we_o to_o procure_v or_o preserve_v the_o possession_n of_o any_o good_a or_o absence_n of_o any_o evil_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o we_o call_v evil_a which_o be_v apt_a to_o produce_v or_o increase_v any_o pain_n or_o diminish_v any_o pleasure_n in_o we_o or_o else_o to_o procure_v we_o any_o evil_a or_o deprive_v we_o of_o any_o good_a by_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n i_o will_v be_v understand_v to_o mean_v of_o body_n or_o mind_n as_o they_o be_v common_o distinguish_v tho'_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v only_o different_a constitution_n of_o the_o mind_n sometime_o occasion_v by_o disorder_n in_o the_o body_n sometime_o by_o thought_n of_o the_o mind_n pleasure_n and_o pain_n and_o their_o cause_n good_a and_o evil_a be_v the_o hinge_n upon_o which_o our_o passion_n turn_v by_o reflect_v on_o the_o various_a modification_n or_o temper_n of_o mind_n and_o the_o internal_a sensation_n which_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n good_a and_o evil_n produce_v in_o we_o we_o may_v thence_o form_v to_o ourselves_o the_o idea_n of_o our_o passion_n thus_o by_o reflect_v upon_o the_o thought_n we_o have_v of_o the_o delight_n which_o any_o thing_n be_v apt_a to_o produce_v in_o we_o we_o have_v a_o idea_n we_o call_v love_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o thought_n of_o the_o pain_n which_o any_o thing_n present_a or_o absent_a produce_v in_o we_o be_v what_o we_o call_v hatred_n desire_n be_v that_o uneasiness_n which_o a_o man_n find_v in_o himself_o upon_o the_o absence_n of_o any_o thing_n the_o present_a enjoyment_n of_o which_o carry_v the_o idea_n of_o delight_n with_o it_o joy_n be_v a_o delight_n of_o the_o mind_n arise_v from_o the_o present_a or_o assure_v approach_v possession_n of_o a_o good_n sorrow_n be_v a_o uneasiness_n of_o the_o mind_n upon_o the_o thought_n of_o a_o good_a lose_v or_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o present_a evil._n hope_n be_v a_o pleasure_n in_o the_o mind_n upon_o the_o thought_n of_o a_o probable_a future_a enjoyment_n of_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o delight_v fear_n be_v a_o uneasiness_n of_o the_o mind_n upon_o the_o thought_n of_o a_o future_a evil_n likely_a to_o befall_v we_o anger_n be_v a_o discomposure_n of_o mind_n upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o injury_n with_o a_o present_a purpose_n of_o revenge_n despair_n be_v the_o thought_n of_o the_o unattainableness_n of_o any_o good_n envy_n be_v a_o uneasiness_n of_o mind_n cause_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o a_o good_a we_o desire_v obtain_v by_o one_o we_o think_v shall_v not_o have_v have_v it_o before_o we_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o passion_n the_o removal_n or_o lessen_v of_o a_o pain_n be_v consider_v and_o operate_v as_o a_o pleasure_n and_o the_o loss_n or_o diminish_n of_o a_o pleasure_n as_o a_o pain_n and_o far_o that_o the_o passion_n in_o most_o person_n operate_v on_o the_o body_n and_o cause_v various_a change_n in_o it_o but_o these_o be_v not_o always_o sensible_a do_v not_o make_v a_o necessary_a part_n of_o the_o idea_n of_o each_o passion_n beside_o these_o mode_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n which_o result_n from_o the_o various_a consideration_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a there_o be_v many_o other_o i_o may_v have_v instance_a in_o as_o the_o pain_n of_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n and_o the_o pleasure_n of_o eat_v and_o drink_v and_o of_o music_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o rather_o choose_v to_o instance_n in_o the_o passion_n as_o be_v of_o much_o more_o concernment_n to_o we_o chap._n xxi_o of_o power_n the_o mind_n be_v every_o day_n inform_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o alteration_n of_o those_o simple_a idea_n it_o observe_v in_o thing_n without_o reflect_v also_o on_o what_o pass_v within_o itself_o and_o observe_v a_o constant_a change_n of_o its_o idea_n sometime_o by_o the_o impression_n of_o outward_a object_n upon_o the_o sense_n and_o sometime_o by_o the_o determination_n of_o its_o own_o choice_n and_o conclude_v from_o what_o it_o have_v so_o constant_o observe_v to_o have_v be_v that_o the_o like_a change_n will_v for_o the_o future_a be_v make_v in_o the_o same_o thing_n by_o the_o same_o agent_n and_o by_o the_o like_a way_n consider_v in_o one_o thing_n the_o possibility_n of_o have_v any_o of_o its_o simple_a idea_n change_v and_o in_o another_o the_o possibility_n of_o make_v that_o change_n and_o so_o come_v by_o that_o idea_n which_o we_o call_v power_n thus_o we_o say_v fire_n have_v a_o power_n to_o melt_v gold_n and_o make_v it_o fluid_a and_o gold_n have_v a_o power_n to_o be_v melt_v power_n thus_o consider_v be_v twofold_a viz._n as_o able_a to_o make_v or_o able_a to_o receive_v any_o change_n the_o one_o may_v be_v call_v active_a the_o
can_v think_v and_o move_v several_a part_n of_o our_o body_n at_o pleasure_n and_o observe_v the_o effect_n that_o natural_a body_n produce_v in_o one_o another_o by_o both_o these_o way_n we_o get_v the_o idea_n of_o power_n succession_n be_v another_o idea_n suggest_v by_o our_o sense_n and_o by_o reflection_n on_o what_o pass_v in_o our_o mind_n for_o if_o we_o look_v into_o ourselves_o we_o shall_v find_v our_o idea_n always_o whilst_o we_o be_v awake_a or_o have_v any_o thought_n pass_v in_o train_n one_o go_v and_o another_o come_n without_o intermission_n chap._n viii_o some_o far_a consideration_n concern_v simple_a idea_n whatsoever_o be_v able_a by_o affect_v our_o sense_n to_o cause_v any_o perception_n in_o the_o mind_n do_v thereby_o produce_v in_o the_o understanding_n a_o simple_a idea_n which_o whatsoever_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o real_a positive_a idea_n in_o the_o understanding_n thus_o the_o idea_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a light_a and_o darkness_n motion_n and_o rest_n etc._n etc._n be_v equal_o positive_a in_o the_o mind_n tho'_o some_o of_o their_o cause_n may_v be_v mere_a privation_n a_o enquiry_n into_o their_o cause_n concern_v not_o the_o idea_n as_o in_o the_o understanding_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n exist_v without_o we_o thus_o a_o painter_n have_v distinct_a idea_n of_o white_a and_o black_a as_o well_o as_o the_o philosopher_n who_o tell_v we_o what_o kind_n of_o particle_n and_o how_o range_v in_o the_o surface_n occasion_v those_o colour_n that_o a_o privative_a cause_n may_v produce_v a_o positive_a idea_n appear_v from_o shadow_n which_o tho'_o nothing_o but_o the_o absence_n of_o light_n be_v discernible_a and_o cause_n clear_a and_o positive_a idea_n the_o natural_a reason_n of_o which_o may_v be_v this_o viz._n that_o since_o sensation_n be_v produce_v only_o by_o different_a degree_n and_o mode_n of_o motion_n in_o our_o animal_n spirit_n various_o agitate_a by_o external_a object_n the_o abatement_n of_o any_o former_a motion_n must_v as_o necessary_o produce_v a_o new_a sensation_n as_o the_o increase_n and_o variation_n of_o it_o and_o thereby_o introduce_v a_o new_a idea_n we_o have_v some_o negative_a name_n which_o stand_v for_o no_o positive_a idea_n but_o consist_v whole_o in_o negation_n of_o some_o certain_a idea_n as_o silence_n invisible_a these_o signify_v not_o any_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n but_o their_o absence_n it_o will_v be_v useful_a to_o distinguish_v idea_n as_o they_o be_v perception_n in_o our_o mind_n from_o what_o they_o be_v in_o the_o body_n that_o cause_v such_o perception_n in_o we_o for_o we_o be_v not_o to_o think_v the_o former_a exact_a image_n and_o resemblance_n of_o something_o inherent_a in_o the_o subject_n most_o of_o those_o of_o sensation_n be_v in_o the_o mind_n no_o more_o the_o likeness_n of_o something_o exist_v without_o we_o than_o the_o name_n that_o stand_v for_o they_o be_v the_o likeness_n of_o our_o idea_n which_o yet_o upon_o hear_v they_o be_v apt_a to_o excite_v in_o we_o whatsoever_o the_o mind_n perceive_v in_o itself_o or_o be_v the_o immediate_a object_n of_o perception_n thought_n or_o understanding_n that_o i_o call_v a_o idea_n and_o the_o power_n to_o produce_v any_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n i_o call_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o subject_n wherein_o that_o power_n be_v thus_o a_o snowball_n have_v the_o power_n to_o produce_v in_o we_o the_o idea_n of_o white_a cold_a and_o round_a those_o power_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o snowball_n i_o call_v quality_n and_o as_o they_o be_v sensation_n or_o perception_n in_o our_o understanding_n i_o call_v they_o idea_n which_o idea_n if_o i_o speak_v of_o sometime_o as_o in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o i_o will_v be_v understand_v to_o mean_v those_o quality_n in_o the_o object_n which_o produce_v they_o in_o we_o these_o quality_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n first_o original_a or_o primary_n such_o be_v solidity_n extension_n motion_n or_o rest_n number_n and_o figure_n these_o be_v inseparable_a from_o body_n and_o such_o as_o it_o constant_o keep_v in_o all_o its_o change_n and_o alteration_n thus_o take_v a_o grain_n of_o wheat_n divide_v it_o into_o two_o part_n each_o part_n have_v still_o solidity_n extension_n figure_n mobility_n divide_v it_o again_o and_o it_o still_o retain_v the_o same_o quality_n and_o will_v do_v so_o still_o tho'_o you_o divide_v it_o on_o till_o the_o part_n become_v insensible_a the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v how_o body_n operate_v upon_o one_o another_o and_o that_o be_v manifest_o by_o impulse_n and_o nothing_o else_o for_o body_n can_v operate_v on_o what_o it_o do_v not_o touch_v nor_o when_o it_o do_v touch_v any_o other_o way_n than_o by_o motion_n if_o so_o then_o when_o external_a object_n which_o be_v not_o unite_v to_o our_o mind_n produce_v idea_n in_o we_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o some_o motion_n must_v be_v thence_o continue_v by_o our_o nerve_n or_o animal_n spirit_n to_o the_o brain_n or_o seat_n of_o sensation_n and_o since_o extension_n figure_n motion_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v perceive_v at_o a_o distance_n by_o the_o sight_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o some_o body_n must_v come_v from_o they_o to_o the_o eye_n and_o thereby_o convey_v to_o the_o brain_n some_o motion_n which_o produce_v those_o idea_n we_o have_v in_o we_o second_o secondary_a quality_n such_o as_o colour_n smell_v taste_n sound_n &c_n &c_n which_o whatever_a reality_n we_o by_o mistake_n may_v attribute_v to_o they_o be_v in_o truth_n nothing_o in_o the_o object_n themselves_o but_o power_n to_o produce_v various_a sensation_n in_o we_o and_o depend_v on_o the_o quality_n beforementioned_a the_o idea_n of_o primary_n quality_n of_o body_n be_v resemblance_n of_o they_o and_o their_o pattern_n real_o exist_v in_o body_n themselves_o but_o the_o idea_n produce_v in_o we_o by_o secundary_a quality_n have_v no_o resemblance_n of_o they_o at_o all_o and_o what_o be_v sweet_a blue_n or_o warm_a in_o the_o idea_n be_v but_o the_o certain_a bulk_n figure_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n in_o the_o body_n themselves_o which_o we_o call_v so_o thus_o we_o see_v that_o fire_n at_o one_o distance_n produce_v in_o we_o the_o sensation_n of_o warmth_n which_o at_o a_o near_a approach_n cause_v the_o sensation_n of_o pain_n now_o what_o reason_n have_v we_o to_o say_v that_o the_o idea_n of_o warmth_n be_v actual_o in_o the_o fire_n but_o that_o of_o pain_n not_o in_o the_o fire_n which_o the_o same_o fire_n produce_v in_o we_o the_o same_o way_n the_o bulk_n number_n figure_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o fire_n be_v real_o in_o it_o whether_o we_o perceive_v they_o or_o no_o and_o therefore_o may_v be_v call_v real_a quality_n because_o they_o real_o exist_v in_o that_o body_n but_o light_n and_o heat_n be_v no_o more_o real_o in_o it_o than_o sickness_n or_o pain_n take_v away_o the_o sensation_n of_o they_o let_v not_o the_o eye_n see_v light_a or_o colour_n nor_o the_o ear_n hear_v sound_n let_v the_o palate_n not_o taste_n or_o the_o nose_n smell_v and_o all_o colour_n taste_n odour_n and_o sound_v as_o they_o be_v such_o particular_a idea_n vanish_v and_o cease_v and_o be_v reduce_v to_o their_o cause_n that_o be_v bulk_n motion_n figure_n etc._n etc._n of_o part_n these_o secondary_a quality_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n first_o immediate_o perceivable_a which_o by_o immediate_o operate_n on_o our_o body_n produce_v several_a different_a idea_n in_o we_o second_o mediate_o perceivable_a which_o by_o operate_n on_o other_o body_n change_v their_o primary_n quality_n so_o as_o to_o render_v they_o capable_a of_o produce_v idea_n in_o we_o different_a from_o what_o they_o do_v before_o these_o last_o be_v power_n in_o body_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o particular_a constitution_n of_o those_o primary_n and_o original_a quality_n to_o make_v such_o a_o change_n in_o the_o bulk_n figure_n texture_n etc._n etc._n of_o another_o body_n as_o to_o make_v it_o operate_v on_o our_o sense_n different_a from_o what_o it_o do_v before_o as_o in_o fire_n to_o make_v lead_v fluid_a these_o two_o last_o be_v nothing_o but_o power_n relate_v to_o other_o body_n and_o result_v from_o the_o different_a modification_n of_o the_o original_a quality_n be_v yet_o otherwise_o think_v of_o the_o former_a be_v esteem_v real_a quality_n but_o the_o late_a bare_o power_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o mistake_n seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o our_o idea_n of_o sensible_a quality_n contain_v nothing_o in_o they_o of_o bulk_n figure_n etc._n etc._n we_o can_v think_v they_o the_o effect_n of_o those_o primary_n quality_n which_o appear_v not_o to_o our_o sense_n to_o operate_v in_o their_o production_n and_o with_o which_o they_o have_v not_o any_o apparent_a congruity_n or_o conceivable_a connexion_n
nor_o can_v reason_n show_v how_o body_n by_o their_o bulk_n figure_n etc._n etc._n shall_v produce_v in_o the_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o warm_a yellow_a etc._n etc._n but_o in_o the_o other_o case_n when_o body_n operate_v upon_o one_o another_o we_o plain_o see_v that_o the_o quality_n produce_v have_v common_o no_o resemblance_n with_o any_o thing_n in_o the_o thing_n produce_v it_o and_o therefore_o we_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o the_o effect_n of_o power_n but_o our_o sense_n not_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v any_o unlikeness_n between_o the_o idea_n produce_v in_o we_o and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o object_n produce_v it_o we_o imagine_v that_o our_o idea_n be_v resemblance_n of_o something_o in_o the_o object_n and_o not_o in_o the_o effect_n of_o certain_a power_n place_v in_o the_o modification_n of_o the_o primary_n quality_n with_o which_o primary_n quality_n the_o idea_n produce_v in_o we_o have_v no_o resemblance_n this_o little_a exeursion_n into_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v necessary_a in_o our_o present_a enquiry_n to_o distinguish_v the_o primary_n and_o real_a quality_n of_o body_n which_o be_v always_o in_o they_o from_o those_o secundary_a and_o impute_a quality_n which_o be_v but_o the_o power_n of_o several_a combination_n of_o those_o primary_n one_o when_o they_o operate_v without_o be_v distinct_o discern_v whereby_o we_o learn_v to_o know_v what_o idea_n be_v and_o what_o be_v not_o resemblance_n of_o something_o real_o exist_v in_o the_o body_n we_o denominate_v from_o they_o chap._n ix_o of_o perception_n perception_n be_v the_o first_o idea_n we_o receive_v from_o reflection_n it_o be_v by_o some_o call_v think_v in_o general_a tho'_o think_v in_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o english_a tongue_n signify_v that_o sort_n of_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n about_o its_o idea_n wherein_o the_o mind_n be_v active_a where_o it_o consider_v any_o thing_n with_o some_o degree_n of_o voluntary_a attention_n for_o in_o bare_a perception_n the_o mind_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n only_o passive_a and_o what_o it_o perceive_v it_o can_v avoid_v perceive_v what_o this_o be_v we_o can_v otherwise_o know_v than_o by_o reflect_v on_o what_o pass_v in_o our_o mind_n when_o we_o see_v feel_v hear_v etc._n etc._n impression_n make_v on_o the_o outward_a part_n if_o they_o be_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o within_o cause_v no_o perception_n as_o we_o see_v in_o those_o who_o mind_n be_v intent_o busy_v in_o the_o contemplation_n of_o certain_a object_n a_o sufficient_a impulse_n there_o may_v be_v upon_o the_o organ_n of_o sensation_n but_o if_o it_o reach_v not_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o mind_n there_o follow_v no_o perception_n so_o that_o wherever_o there_o be_v sense_n or_o perception_n there_o some_o idea_n be_v actual_o produce_v and_o present_a in_o the_o understanding_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o idea_n we_o receive_v from_o sensation_n be_v often_o in_o grow_v people_n alter_v by_o the_o judgement_n without_o our_o take_a notice_n of_o it_o thus_o a_o globe_n of_o any_o uniform_a colour_n as_o of_o gold_n or_o jet_n be_v set_v before_o our_o eye_n the_o idea_n thereby_o imprint_v be_v of_o a_o flat_a circle_n various_o shadow_v but_o be_v accustom_v to_o perceive_v what_o kind_n of_o appearance_n convex_v body_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v in_o we_o the_o judgement_n alter_v the_o appearance_n into_o their_o cause_n and_o from_o that_o variety_n of_o shadow_n or_o colour_n frame_v to_o itself_o the_o perception_n of_o a_o convex_a figure_n of_o one_o uniform_a colour_n this_o in_o many_o case_n by_o a_o settle_v habit_n be_v perform_v so_o ready_o that_o we_o take_v that_o for_o the_o perception_n of_o our_o sensation_n which_o be_v but_o a_o idea_n form_v by_o the_o judgement_n so_o that_o one_o serve_v only_o to_o excite_v the_o other_o and_o be_v scarce_o take_v notice_n of_o itself_o as_o a_o man_n who_o read_v and_o hear_v with_o attention_n take_v little_a notice_n of_o the_o character_n or_o sound_n but_o of_o the_o idea_n that_o be_v excite_v in_o he_o by_o they_o thus_o habit_n come_v at_o last_o to_o produce_v action_n in_o we_o which_o often_o escape_v our_o observation_n the_o faculty_n of_o perception_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o which_o put_v the_o distinction_n between_o the_o animal_n kingdom_n and_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o nature_n since_o vegetable_n have_v some_o degree_n of_o motion_n and_o upon_o the_o different_a application_n of_o other_o body_n to_o they_o do_v very_o brisk_o alter_v their_o figute_n and_o motion_n and_o thence_o have_v obtain_v the_o name_n of_o sensitive_a plant_n which_o yet_o be_v i_o suppose_v but_o bare_a mechanism_n and_o no_o otherwise_o produce_v than_o the_o shorten_n of_o a_o rope_n by_o the_o affusion_n of_o water_n but_o perception_n i_o believe_v be_v in_o some_o degree_n in_o all_o sort_n of_o animal_n tho'_o i_o think_v we_o may_v from_o the_o make_v of_o a_o oyster_n or_o cockle_n reasonable_o conclude_v that_o it_o have_v not_o so_o many_o nor_o so_o quick_a sense_n as_o a_o man_n or_o several_a other_o animal_n perception_n be_v also_o the_o first_o step_n and_o degree_n towards_o knowledge_n and_o the_o inlet_n of_o all_o the_o material_n of_o it_o so_o that_o the_o few_o sense_n any_o man_n have_v and_o the_o dull_a the_o impression_n that_o be_v make_v by_o they_o be_v the_o more_o remote_a he_o be_v from_o that_o knowledge_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o other_o men._n chap._n x._o of_o retention_n the_o next_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n whereby_o it_o make_v a_o far_a progress_n towards_o knowledge_n i_o call_v retention_n which_o be_v the_o keep_n of_o those_o idea_n it_o have_v receive_v which_o be_v do_v two_o way_n first_o by_o keep_v the_o idea_n which_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o mind_n for_o some_o time_n actuactual_o in_o view_n which_o be_v call_v contemplation_n second_o by_o revive_v those_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n which_o have_v disappear_v and_o have_v be_v as_o it_o be_v lay_v out_o of_o sight_n and_o this_o be_v memory_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o storehouse_n of_o our_o idea_n for_o the_o narrow_a mind_n of_o man_n not_o be_v capable_a of_o have_v many_o idea_n under_o view_n at_o once_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v a_o repository_n to_o lay_v up_o those_o idea_n which_o at_o another_o time_n it_o may_v have_v use_n of_o but_o our_o idea_n be_v nothing_o but_o actual_a perception_n in_o the_o mind_n which_o cease_v to_o be_v any_o thing_n when_o there_o be_v no_o perception_n of_o they_o this_o lay_v up_o of_o our_o idea_n in_o the_o repository_n of_o the_o memory_n signify_v no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o the_o mind_n have_v a_o power_n in_o many_o case_n to_o revive_v perception_n it_o have_v once_o have_v with_o this_o additional_a perception_n annex_v to_o they_o that_o it_o have_v have_v they_o before_o and_o it_o be_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o this_o faculty_n that_o we_o be_v say_v to_o have_v all_o those_o idea_n in_o our_o understanding_n which_o we_o can_v bring_v in_o sight_n and_o make_v the_o object_n of_o our_o thought_n without_o the_o help_n of_o those_o sensible_a quality_n which_o first_o imprint_v they_o there_o attention_n and_o repetition_n help_v much_o to_o the_o fix_v idea_n in_o our_o memory_n but_o those_o which_o make_v the_o deep_a and_o most_o last_a impression_n be_v those_o which_o be_v accompany_v with_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n idea_n but_o once_o take_v in_o and_o never_o again_o repeat_v be_v soon_o lose_v as_o those_o of_o colour_n in_o such_o as_o lose_v their_o sight_n when_o very_o young_a the_o memory_n in_o some_o man_n be_v tenacious_a even_o to_o a_o miracle_n but_o yet_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o constant_a decay_n of_o all_o our_o idea_n even_o of_o those_o which_o be_v strike_v deep_a and_o in_o mind_n the_o most_o retentive_a so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o sometime_o renew_v the_o print_n wear_v out_o and_o at_o last_o there_o remain_v nothing_o to_o be_v see_v those_o idea_n that_o be_v often_o refresh_v by_o a_o frequent_a return_n of_o the_o object_n or_o action_n that_o produce_v they_o fix_v themselves_o best_o in_o the_o memory_n and_o remain_v long_a there_o such_o be_v the_o original_a quality_n of_o body_n viz._n solidity_n extension_n figure_n motion_n etc._n etc._n and_o those_o that_o almost_o constant_o affect_v we_o as_o heat_n and_o cold_a and_o those_o that_o be_v the_o affection_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o being_n as_o existence_n duration_n number_n these_o and_o the_o like_a be_v seldom_o quite_o lose_v while_o the_o mind_n retain_v any_o idea_n at_o all_o in_o memory_n the_o mind_n be_v oftentimes_o more_o than_o bare_o passive_a for_o it_o often_o set_v itself_o on_o work_n to_o search_v some_o hide_a idea_n sometime_o they_o start_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n
relation_n may_v be_v the_o same_o in_o those_o man_n who_o have_v far_o different_a idea_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v relate_v thus_o those_o who_o have_v different_a idea_n of_o man_n may_v agree_v in_o that_o of_o a_o father_n there_o be_v no_o idea_n of_o any_o kind_n which_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o a_o almost_o infinite_a number_n of_o consideration_n in_o reference_n to_o other_o thing_n and_o therefore_o this_o make_v no_o small_a part_n of_o man_n word_n and_o thought_n thus_o one_o single_a man_n may_v at_o once_o sustain_v the_o relation_n of_o father_n brother_n son_n husband_n friend_n subject_a general_n european_n englishman_n islander_n master_n servant_z bigger_n lesle_n etc._n etc._n to_o a_o almost_o infinite_a number_n he_o be_v capable_a of_o as_o many_o relation_n as_o there_o can_v be_v occasion_n of_o compare_v he_o to_o other_o thing_n in_o any_o manner_n of_o agreement_n disagreement_n or_o respect_v whatsoever_o the_o idea_n of_o relation_n be_v much_o clear_a and_o more_o distinct_a than_o of_o the_o thing_n relate_v because_o the_o knowledge_n of_o one_o simple_a idea_n be_v oftentimes_o sufficient_a to_o give_v i_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o relation_n but_o to_o the_o know_v of_o any_o substantial_a be_v a_o accurate_a collection_n of_o sundry_a idea_n be_v necessary_a chap._n xxvi_o of_o cause_n and_o effect_n and_o other_o relation_n the_o idea_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_v we_o get_v from_o our_o observation_n of_o the_o vicissitude_n of_o thing_n while_o we_o perceive_v some_o quality_n or_o substance_n begin_v to_o exist_v and_o that_o they_o receive_v their_o existence_n from_o the_o due_a application_n and_o operation_n of_o other_o being_n that_o which_o produce_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o which_o be_v produce_v the_o effect_n thus_o fluidity_n in_o wax_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o certain_a degree_n of_o heat_n which_o we_o observe_v to_o be_v constant_o produce_v by_o the_o application_n of_o such_o heat_n we_o distinguish_v the_o original_n of_o thing_n into_o two_o sort_n first_o when_o the_o thing_n be_v whole_o make_v new_a so_o that_o no_o part_n thereof_o do_v ever_o exist_v before_o as_o when_o a_o new_a particle_n of_o matter_n do_v begin_v to_o exist_v which_o have_v bâ—fore_o no_o be_v it_o be_v caâ—led_v creation_n second_o when_o a_o thing_n be_v make_v up_o of_o particle_n which_o do_v all_o of_o they_o before_o exist_v but_o the_o thing_n so_o constitute_v of_o pre-existing_a particle_n which_o altogether_o make_v up_o such_o a_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n have_v not_o any_o existence_n before_o as_o this_o man_n this_o egg_n this_o rose_n etc._n etc._n when_o produce_v in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o nature_n by_o a_o internal_a principle_n but_o set_v on_o work_n by_o some_o external_n agent_n and_o work_v by_o insensible_a way_n which_o we_o perceive_v not_o it_o be_v call_v generation_n when_o the_o cause_n be_v extrinsical_a and_o the_o effect_v introduce_v by_o a_o sensible_a separation_n or_o juxta-position_n of_o discernible_a part_n we_o call_v it_o make_v and_o such_o be_v all_o artificial_a thing_n when_o any_o simple_a idea_n be_v produce_v which_o be_v not_o in_o that_o subject_a before_o we_o call_v it_o alteration_n the_o denomination_n of_o thing_n take_v from_o time_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n only_a relation_n thus_o when_o it_o be_v say_v that_o queen_n elizabeth_n live_v sixty_o nine_o and_o reign_v forty_o five_o year_n no_o more_o be_v mean_v than_o that_o the_o duration_n of_o her_o existence_n be_v equal_a to_o sixty_o nine_o and_o of_o her_o government_n to_o forty_o five_o annual_a revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o be_v all_o word_n answer_v how_o long_o young_a and_o old_a and_o other_o word_n of_o time_n that_o be_v think_v to_o stand_v for_o positive_a idea_n be_v indeed_o relative_n and_o intimate_v a_o relation_n to_o a_o certain_a length_n of_o duration_n whereof_o we_o have_v the_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n thus_o we_o call_v a_o man_n young_a or_o old_a that_o have_v live_v little_a or_o much_o of_o that_o time_n that_o man_n usual_o attain_v to_o this_o be_v evident_a from_o our_o application_n of_o these_o name_n to_o other_o thing_n for_o a_o man_n be_v call_v young_a at_o twenty_o but_o a_o horse_n old_a etc._n etc._n the_o sun_n and_o star_n we_o call_v not_o old_a at_o all_o because_o we_o know_v not_o what_o period_n god_n have_v set_v to_o that_o sort_n of_o being_n there_o be_v other_o idea_n that_o be_v true_o relative_n which_o we_o signify_v by_o name_n that_o be_v think_v positive_a and_o absolute_a such_o as_o great_a and_o little_a strong_a and_o weak_a the_o thing_n thus_o denominate_v be_v refer_v to_o some_o standard_n with_o which_o we_o compare_v they_o thus_o we_o call_v a_o apple_n great_a that_o be_v big_a than_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o those_o we_o have_v be_v use_v to_o and_o a_o man_n weak_a that_o have_v not_o so_o much_o strength_n or_o power_n to_o move_v as_o man_n usual_o have_v or_o those_o of_o his_o own_o size_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o identity_n and_o diversity_n another_o occasion_n the_o mind_n take_v of_o compare_v be_v the_o very_o be_v of_o thing_n when_o consider_v a_o thing_n as_o exist_v at_o any_o certain_a time_n or_o place_n and_o compare_v it_o with_o itself_o as_o exist_v at_o any_o other_o time_n etc._n etc._n we_o form_v the_o idea_n of_o identity_n and_o diversity_n when_o we_o see_v any_o thing_n in_o any_o certain_a time_n and_o place_n we_o be_v sure_a it_o be_v that_o very_a thing_n and_o can_v be_v no_o other_o how_o like_o soever_o it_o may_v be_v in_o all_o other_o respect_n we_o conceive_v it_o impossible_a that_o two_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n shall_v exist_v together_o in_o the_o same_o place_n we_o conclude_v that_o whatever_o exist_v any_o where_o at_o the_o same_o time_n exclude_v all_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o be_v there_o itself_o alone_o when_o therefore_o we_o demand_v whether_o any_o thing_n be_v the_o same_o or_o no_o it_o refer_v always_o to_o something_o that_o exist_v such_o a_o time_n in_o such_o a_o place_n which_o it_o be_v certain_a at_o that_o instant_n be_v the_o same_o with_o itself_o and_o no_o other_o we_o have_v idea_n of_o three_o sort_n of_o substance_n first_o god_n second_o finite_a intelligence_n three_o body_n first_o god_n be_v eternal_a unalterable_a and_o every_o where_o concern_v his_o identity_n there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n second_o finite_a spirit_n have_v have_v their_o determinate_a time_n and_o place_n of_o beginning_n to_o exist_v the_o relation_n to_o that_o time_n and_o place_n will_v always_o determine_v to_o each_o its_o identity_n as_o long_o as_o it_o exist_v three_o the_o same_o will_v hold_v of_o every_o particle_n of_o matter_n to_o which_o no_o addition_n or_o substraction_n be_v make_v these_o three_o exclude_v not_o one_o another_o out_o of_o the_o same_o place_n yet_o each_o exclude_v those_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n out_o of_o the_o same_o place_n the_o identity_n and_o diversity_n of_o modes_n and_o relation_n be_v determine_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o substance_n be_v only_o the_o action_n of_o finite_a being_n as_o motion_n and_o thought_n consist_v in_o succession_n they_o they_o can_v exist_v in_o different_a time_n and_o place_n as_o permanent_a being_n for_o no_o motion_n or_o thought_n consider_v as_o at_o different_a time_n can_v be_v the_o same_o each_o part_n thereof_o have_v a_o different_a beginning_n of_o existence_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o existence_n itself_o be_v the_o principium_fw-la individuationis_fw-la which_o determin_n a_o be_v to_o a_o particular_a time_n and_o place_n incommunicable_a to_o two_o being_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n thus_o suppose_v a_o atom_n exist_v in_o a_o determine_a time_n and_o place_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o consider_v in_o any_o instant_n it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o itself_o and_o will_v be_v so_o as_o long_o as_o its_o exstence_n continue_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o two_o or_o more_o or_o any_o number_n of_o particle_n whilst_o they_o continue_v together_o the_o mass_n will_v be_v the_o same_o however_o jumble_v but_o if_o one_o atom_n be_v take_v away_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o mass._n in_o vegetable_n the_o identity_n depend_v not_o on_o the_o same_o mass_n and_o be_v not_o apply_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o animate_v body_n and_o mass_n of_o matter_n this_o be_v only_o the_o cohesion_n of_o particle_n any_o how_o unite_v the_o other_o such_o a_o disposition_n and_o organization_n of_o part_n as_o be_v sit_v to_o receive_v and_o distribute_v nourishment_n so_o as_o to_o continue_v and_o frame_v the_o wood_n bark_n leaves_n etc._n etc._n of_o a_o oak_n for_o instance_n in_o which_o consist_v the_o
far_o it_o may_v extend_v this_o part_n depend_v on_o our_o sagacity_n in_o find_v intermediate_v idea_n that_o may_v show_v the_o habitude_n and_o relation_n of_o idea_n it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o tell_v when_o we_o be_v at_o a_o end_n of_o such_o discovery_n they_o that_o be_v ignorant_a of_o algebra_n can_v imagine_v the_o wonder_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o it_o and_o what_o far_a improvement_n and_o help_n advantageous_a to_o other_o part_n of_o knowledge_n the_o sagacious_a mind_n of_o man_n may_v yet_o find_v out_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v this_o at_o least_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o idea_n of_o quantity_n be_v not_o those_o alone_a that_o be_v capable_a of_o demonstration_n and_o knowledge_n and_o that_o other_o and_o perhaps_o more_o useful_a part_n of_o contemplation_n will_v afford_v we_o certainty_n if_o vice_n passion_n and_o domineer_a interest_n do_v not_o oppose_v or_o menace_v endeavour_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o idea_n of_o a_o supreme_a be_v infinite_a in_o power_n goodness_n and_o wisdom_n who_o workmanship_n we_o be_v and_o on_o who_o we_o depend_v and_o the_o idea_n of_o ourselves_o as_o understand_v rational_a creature_n will_v i_o suppose_v if_o due_o consider_v afford_v such_o foundation_n of_o our_o duty_n and_o rule_n of_o action_n as_o may_v place_v morality_n among_o the_o science_n capable_a of_o demonstration_n wherein_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o from_o principle_n as_o incontestable_a as_o those_o of_o the_o mathematics_n by_o necessary_a consequence_n the_o measure_n of_o right_n and_o wrong_n may_v be_v make_v out_o to_o any_o one_o that_o will_v apply_v himself_o with_o the_o same_o indifferency_n and_o attention_n to_o the_o one_o as_o he_o do_v to_o the_o other_o of_o these_o science_n the_o relation_n of_o other_o modes_n may_v certain_o be_v perceive_v as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o number_n and_o extension_n where_o there_o be_v no_o property_n there_o be_v no_o injustice_n be_v a_o proposition_n as_o certain_a as_o any_o demonstration_n in_o euclid_n for_o the_o idea_n of_o property_n be_v a_o right_a to_o any_o thing_n and_o the_o idea_n of_o injustice_n be_v the_o invasion_n or_o violation_n of_o that_o right_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o idea_n be_v thus_o establish_v and_o these_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o i_o can_v as_o certain_o know_v this_o proposition_n to_o be_v true_a as_o that_o a_o triangle_n have_v three_o angle_n equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o again_o no_o government_n allow_v absolute_a liberty_n the_o idea_n of_o government_n be_v the_o establishment_n of_o society_n upon_o certain_a rule_n or_o law_n which_o require_v conformity_n to_o they_o and_o the_o idea_n of_o absolute_a liberty_n be_v for_o any_o one_o to_o do_v whatever_o he_o please_v i_o be_o as_o capable_a of_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n as_o of_o any_o in_o mathematics_n what_o have_v give_v the_o advantage_n to_o the_o idea_n of_o quantity_n and_o make_v they_o think_v more_o capable_a of_o certainty_n and_o demonstration_n be_v first_o that_o they_o can_v be_v represent_v by_o sensible_a mark_n which_o have_v a_o near_a correspondence_n with_o they_o than_o any_o word_n or_o sound_n diagram_n draw_v on_o paper_n be_v copy_n of_o the_o idea_n and_o not_o liable_a to_o the_o uncertainty_n that_o word_n carry_v in_o their_o signification_n but_o we_o have_v no_o sensible_a mark_n that_o resemble_v our_o moral_a idea_n and_o nothing_o but_o word_n to_o express_v they_o by_o which_o tho'_o when_o write_v they_o remain_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o may_v change_v in_o the_o same_o man_n and_o it_o be_v very_o seldom_o that_o they_o be_v not_o different_a in_o different_a person_n second_o moral_a idea_n be_v common_o more_o complex_fw-la than_o figure_v whence_o these_o two_o inconvenience_n follow_v first_o that_o their_o name_n be_v of_o more_o uncertain_a signification_n the_o precise_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n they_o stand_v for_o not_o be_v so_o easy_o agree_v on_o and_o so_o the_o sign_n that_o be_v use_v for_o they_o in_o communication_n always_o and_o in_o think_v often_o do_v not_o steady_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o same_o idea_n second_o the_o mind_n can_v easy_o retain_v those_o precise_a combination_n so_o exact_o and_o perfect_o as_o be_v necessary_a in_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o habitude_n and_o correspondency_n agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o several_a of_o they_o one_o with_o another_o especial_o where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v judge_v of_o by_o long_a deduction_n and_o the_o intervention_n of_o several_a other_o complex_n idea_n to_o show_v the_o agreement_n '_o or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o remote_a one_o one_o part_n of_o these_o disadvantage_n in_o moral_a idea_n which_o have_v make_v they_o be_v think_v not_o capable_a of_o demonstration_n may_v in_o a_o good_a measure_n be_v remedy_v by_o definition_n set_v down_o that_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n which_o every_o term_n shall_v stand_v for_o and_o then_o use_v the_o term_n steady_o and_o constant_o for_o that_o precise_a collection_n as_o to_o the_o four_o sort_n of_o knowledge_n viz._n of_o the_o real_a actual_a existence_n of_o thing_n we_o have_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o existence_n a_o demonstrative_a knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o god_n and_o a_o sensitive_a knowledge_n of_o the_o object_n that_o present_v themselves_o to_o our_o sense_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v we_o may_v discover_v the_o cause_n of_o our_o ignorance_n which_o be_v chief_o these_o three_o first_o want_v of_o idea_n second_o want_v of_o a_o discoverable_a connexion_n between_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v three_o want_v of_o trace_v and_o examine_v our_o idea_n first_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o for_o want_v of_o idea_n all_o the_o simple_a idea_n we_o have_v be_v confine_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o our_o sense_n and_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n that_o we_o be_v conscious_a of_o in_o ourselves_o what_o other_o idea_n it_o be_v possible_a other_o creature_n may_v have_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o other_o sense_n and_o faculty_n more_o or_o perfect_a than_o we_o have_v or_o different_a from_o we_o it_o be_v not_o for_o we_o to_o determine_v but_o to_o say_v or_o think_v there_o be_v no_o such_o because_o we_o conceive_v nothing_o of_o they_o be_v no_o better_a a_o argument_n than_o if_o a_o blind_a man_n shall_v be_v positive_a in_o it_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o sight_n and_o colour_n because_o he_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o idea_n of_o any_o such_o thing_n what_o faculty_n therefore_o other_o species_n of_o creature_n have_v to_o penetrate_v into_o the_o nature_n and_o inmost_a constitution_n of_o thing_n we_o know_v not_o this_o we_o know_v and_o certain_o find_v that_o we_o want_v other_o view_v of_o they_o beside_o those_o we_o have_v to_o make_v discovery_n of_o they_o more_o perfect_a the_o intellectual_a and_o sensible_a world_n be_v in_o this_o perfect_o alike_o that_o the_o part_n which_o we_o see_v of_o either_o of_o they_o hold_v no_o proportion_n with_o that_o we_o see_v not_o and_o whatsoever_o we_o can_v reach_v with_o our_o eye_n or_o our_o thought_n of_o either_o of_o they_o be_v but_o a_o point_n almost_o nothing_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o rest_n another_o great_a cause_n of_o ignorance_n be_v the_o want_n of_o idea_n that_o we_o be_v capable_a of_o this_o keep_v we_o in_o ignorance_n of_o thing_n we_o conceive_v capable_a of_o be_v know_v bulk_n figure_n and_o motion_n we_o have_v idea_n of_o yet_o not_o know_v what_o be_v the_o particular_a bulk_n motion_n and_o figure_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o universe_n we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o several_a power_n efficacy_n and_o way_n of_o operation_n whereby_o the_o effect_n we_o daily_o see_v be_v produce_v these_o be_v hide_v from_o we_o in_o some_o thing_n by_o be_v too_o remote_a in_o other_o by_o be_v too_o minute_n when_o we_o consider_v the_o vast_a distance_n of_o the_o know_a and_o visible_a part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o reason_n we_o have_v to_o think_v that_o what_o lie_v within_o our_o ken_n be_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o immense_a universe_n we_o shall_v then_o discover_v a_o huge_a abyss_n of_o ignorance_n what_o be_v the_o particular_a fabric_n of_o the_o great_a mass_n of_o matter_n which_o make_v up_o the_o whole_a stupendous_a frame_n of_o corporeal_a being_n how_o far_o they_o be_v extend_v and_o what_o be_v their_o motion_n and_o how_o continue_v and_o what_o influence_n they_o have_v upon_o one_o another_o be_v contemplation_n that_o at_o first_o glimpse_n our_o thought_n lose_v themselves_o in_o if_o we_o confine_v our_o thought_n to_o this_o little_a canton_n i_o mean_v this_o system_fw-la of_o
our_o sun_n and_o the_o grosser_n mass_n of_o matter_n that_o visible_o move_v about_o it_o what_o several_a sort_n of_o vegetable_n animal_n and_o intellectual_a corporeal_a being_n infinite_o different_a from_o those_o of_o our_o little_a spot_n of_o earth_n may_v probable_o be_v in_o other_o planet_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o which_o even_o of_o their_o outward_a figure_n and_o part_n we_o can_v no_o way_n attain_v whilst_o we_o be_v confine_v to_o this_o earth_n there_o be_v no_o natural_a mean_n either_o by_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n to_o convey_v their_o certain_a idea_n into_o our_o mind_n there_o be_v other_o body_n in_o the_o universe_n no_o less_o conceal_v from_o we_o by_o their_o minuteness_n these_o insensible_a corpuscle_n be_v the_o active_a part_n of_o matter_n and_o the_o great_a instrument_n of_o nature_n on_o which_o depend_v all_o their_o secundary_a quality_n and_o operation_n our_o want_n of_o precise_a distinct_a idea_n and_o their_o primary_n quality_n keep_v we_o in_o incurable_a ignorance_n of_o what_o we_o desire_v to_o know_v about_o they_o do_v we_o know_v the_o mechanical_a affection_n of_o rhubarb_n or_o opium_n we_o may_v as_o easy_o account_v for_o their_o operation_n of_o purge_v and_o cause_v sleep_n as_o a_o watchmaker_n can_v for_o the_o motion_n of_o his_o watch._n the_o dissolve_v of_o silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la or_o gold_n in_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la and_o not_o vice_n versâ_fw-la will_v be_v then_o perhaps_o no_o more_o difficult_a to_o know_v than_o it_o be_v to_o a_o smith_n to_o understand_v why_o the_o turn_n of_o one_o key_n will_v open_v a_o lock_n and_o not_o the_o turn_n of_o another_o but_o whilst_o we_o be_v destitute_a of_o sense_n acute_a enough_o to_o discover_v the_o minute_n particle_n of_o body_n and_o to_o give_v we_o idea_n of_o their_o mechanical_a affection_n we_o must_v be_v content_a to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o their_o property_n and_o operation_n nor_o can_v we_o be_v assure_v about_o they_o any_o far_a than_o some_o few_o trial_n we_o make_v be_v able_a to_o reach_v but_o whether_o they_o will_v succeed_v again_o another_o time_n we_o can_v be_v certain_a this_o hinder_v our_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o universal_a truth_n concern_v natural_a body_n and_o our_o reason_n carry_v we_o herein_o very_o little_a beyond_o particular_a matter_n of_o fact_n and_o therefore_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o doubt_v that_o how_o far_o soever_o humane_a industry_n may_v advance_v useful_a and_o experimental_a philosophy_n in_o physical_a thing_n yet_o scientifical_a will_v still_o be_v out_o of_o our_o reach_n because_o we_o want_v perfect_a and_o adequate_a idea_n of_o those_o very_a body_n which_o be_v near_a to_o we_o and_o most_o under_o our_o command_n this_o at_o first_o sight_n show_v we_o how_o disproportionate_a our_o knowledge_n be_v to_o the_o whole_a extent_n even_o of_o material_a being_n to_o which_o if_o we_o add_v the_o consideration_n of_o that_o infinite_a number_n of_o spirit_n that_o may_v be_v and_o probable_o be_v which_o be_v yet_o more_o remote_a from_o our_o knowledge_n whereof_o we_o have_v no_o cognizance_n we_o shall_v find_v this_o cause_n of_o ignorance_n conceal_v from_o we_o in_o a_o impenetrable_a obscurity_n almost_o the_o whole_a intellectual_a world_n a_o great_a certain_o and_o more_o beautiful_a world_n than_o the_o material_a for_o bate_v some_o very_a few_o idea_n of_o spirit_n we_o get_v from_o our_o own_o mind_n by_o reflection_n and_o from_o thence_o the_o best_a we_o can_v collect_v of_o the_o father_n of_o all_o spirit_n the_o author_n of_o they_o and_o we_o and_o all_o thing_n we_o have_v no_o certain_a information_n so_o much_o as_o of_o the_o existence_n of_o other_o spirit_n but_o by_o revelation_n much_o less_o have_v we_o distinct_a idea_n of_o their_o different_a nature_n state_n power_n and_o several_a constitution_n wherein_o they_o agree_v or_o differ_v one_o from_o another_o and_o from_o we_o and_o therefore_o in_o what_o concern_v their_o different_a species_n and_o property_n we_o be_v under_o a_o absolute_a ignorance_n the_o second_o cause_n of_o ignorance_n be_v the_o want_n of_o discoverable_a connexion_n between_o those_o idea_n we_o have_v where_o we_o want_v that_o we_o be_v utter_o incapable_a of_o universal_a and_o certain_a knowledge_n and_o be_v as_o in_o the_o former_a case_n leave_v only_o to_o observation_n and_o experiment_n thus_o the_o mechanical_a affection_n of_o body_n have_v no_o affinity_n at_o all_o with_o the_o idea_n they_o produce_v in_o we_o we_o can_v have_v no_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o such_o operation_n beyond_o our_o experience_n and_o can_v reason_v no_o otherwise_o about_o they_o than_o as_o the_o effect_n or_o appointment_n of_o a_o infinite_o wise_a agent_n which_o perfect_o surpass_v our_o comprehension_n the_o operation_n of_o our_o mind_n upon_o our_o body_n be_v as_o unconceivable_a how_o any_o thought_n shall_v produce_v a_o motion_n in_o body_n be_v as_o remote_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o idea_n as_o how_o any_o body_n shall_v produce_v any_o thought_n in_o the_o mind_n that_o it_o be_v so_o if_o experience_n do_v not_o convince_v we_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o will_v never_o be_v able_a in_o the_o least_o to_o discover_v to_o we_o in_o some_o of_o our_o idea_n there_o be_v certain_a relation_n habitude_n and_o connexion_n so_o visible_o include_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o that_o we_o can_v conceive_v they_o separable_a from_o they_o by_o any_o power_n whatsoever_o in_o these_o only_o we_o be_v capable_a of_o certain_a and_o universal_a knowledge_n thus_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o right_n line_v triangle_n necessary_o carry_v with_o it_o a_o equality_n of_o its_o angle_n to_o two_o right_a one_o but_o the_o coherence_n and_o continuity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n the_o production_n of_o sensation_n in_o we_o of_o colour_n and_o sound_n etc._n etc._n by_o impulse_n and_o motion_n be_v such_o wherein_o we_o can_v discover_v no_o natural_a connexion_n with_o any_o idea_n we_o have_v we_o can_v but_o ascribe_v they_o to_o the_o arbitrary_a will_n and_o good_a pleasure_n of_o the_o wise_a architect_n the_o thing_n that_o we_o observe_v constant_o to_o proceed_v regular_o we_o may_v conclude_v do_v act_n by_o a_o law_n set_v they_o but_o yet_o by_o a_o law_n that_o we_o know_v not_o whereby_o tho'_o cause_n work_v steady_o and_o effect_n constant_o flow_v from_o they_o yet_o their_o connexion_n and_o dependency_n be_v not_o discoverable_a in_o our_o idea_n we_o can_v have_v but_o a_o experimental_a knowledge_n of_o they_o several_a effect_n come_v every_o day_n within_o the_o notice_n of_o our_o sense_n of_o which_o we_o have_v so_o far_o sensitive_a knowledge_n but_o the_o cause_n manner_n and_o certainty_n of_o their_o production_n we_o must_v for_o the_o forego_n reason_n be_v content_a to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o in_o these_o we_o can_v go_v no_o far_o than_o particular_a experience_n inform_v we_o of_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o by_o analogy_n guess_v what_o effect_n the_o like_a body_n be_v upon_o other_o trial_n like_v to_o produce_v but_o as_o to_o perfect_a science_n of_o natural_a body_n not_o to_o mention_v spiritual_a being_n we_o be_v i_o think_v so_o far_o from_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o such_o thing_n that_o i_o conclude_v it_o lose_v labour_n to_o seek_v after_o it_o the_o three_o cause_n of_o ignorance_n be_v our_o want_n of_o trace_v those_o idea_n we_o have_v or_o may_v have_v and_o find_v out_o those_o intermediate_v idea_n which_o may_v show_v we_o what_o habitude_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n they_o may_v have_v one_o with_o another_o and_o thus_o many_o be_v ignorant_a of_o mathematical_a truth_n for_o want_v of_o application_n in_o inquire_v examine_v and_o by_o due_a way_n compare_v those_o idea_n hitherto_o we_o have_v examine_v the_o extent_n of_o our_o knowledge_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o being_n that_n be_v there_o be_v another_o extent_n of_o it_o in_o respect_n of_o universality_n which_o will_v also_o deserve_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o in_o this_o regard_n our_o knowledge_n follow_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o idea_n if_o the_o idea_n be_v abstract_a who_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n we_o perceive_v our_o knowledge_n be_v universal_a for_o what_o be_v know_v of_o such_o general_a idea_n will_v be_v true_a of_o every_o particular_a thing_n in_o which_o that_o essence_n that_o be_v that_o abstract_a idea_n be_v to_o be_v find_v and_o what_o be_v once_o know_v of_o such_o idea_n will_v be_v perpetual_o and_o for_o ever_o true_a so_o that_o as_o to_o all_o general_a knowledge_n we_o must_v search_v and_o find_v it_o only_o in_o our_o own_o mind_n and_o it_o be_v only_o the_o examine_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n that_o furnish_v we_o with_o the_o truth_n belong_v to_o essence_n of_o thing_n that_o
of_o the_o relation_n sixthly_a contrary_a testimony_n the_o mind_n before_o it_o rational_o assent_v or_o dissent_v to_o any_o probable_a proposition_n aught_o to_o examine_v all_o the_o ground_n of_o probality_n and_o see_v how_o they_o make_v more_o or_o less_o for_o or_o against_o it_o and_o upon_o a_o due_a balance_v of_o the_o whole_a reject_v or_o receive_v it_o with_o a_o more_o or_o less_o firm_a assent_n according_a to_o the_o preponderancy_n of_o the_o great_a ground_n of_o probability_n on_o one_o side_n or_o the_o other_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o assent_n the_o ground_n of_o probability_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n as_o they_o be_v the_o foundation_n on_o which_o our_o assent_n be_v build_v so_o be_v they_o also_o the_o measure_n whereby_o its_o several_a degree_n be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v regulate_v only_o we_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o no_o ground_n of_o probability_n operate_v any_o far_a on_o the_o mind_n which_o search_v after_o truth_n and_o endeavour_n to_o judge_v right_a than_o they_o appear_v at_o least_o in_o the_o first_o judgement_n or_o search_v that_o the_o mind_n make_v it_o be_v indeed_o in_o many_o case_n impossible_a and_o in_o most_o very_a hard_a even_o for_o those_o who_o have_v admirable_a memory_n to_o retain_v all_o the_o proof_n which_o upon_o a_o due_a examination_n make_v they_o embrace_v that_o side_n of_o the_o question_n it_o suffice_v that_o they_o have_v once_o with_o care_n and_o fairness_n sift_v the_o matter_n as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v and_o have_v once_o find_v on_o which_o side_n the_o probability_n appear_v to_o they_o they_o lay_v up_o the_o conclusion_n in_o their_o memory_n as_o a_o truth_n they_o have_v discover_v and_o for_o the_o future_a remain_v satisfy_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o their_o memory_n that_o this_o be_v the_o opinion_n that_o by_o the_o proof_n they_o have_v once_o see_v of_o it_o deserve_v such_o a_o degree_n of_o their_o assent_n as_o they_o assord_v it_o it_o be_v unavoidable_a then_o that_o the_o memory_n be_v rely_v on_o in_o this_o case_n and_o that_o man_n be_v persuade_v of_o several_a opinion_n whereof_o the_o proof_n be_v not_o actual_o in_o their_o thought_n nay_o which_o perhaps_o they_o be_v not_o able_a actual_o to_o recall_v without_o this_o the_o great_a part_n of_o man_n must_v be_v either_o sceptic_n or_o change_v every_o moment_n when_o any_o one_o offer_v they_o argument_n which_o for_o want_v of_o memory_n they_o be_v not_o present_o able_a to_o answer_v it_o must_v be_v own_v that_o man_n stick_v to_o past_a judgement_n be_v often_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o great_a obstinacy_n in_o error_n and_o mistake_n but_o the_o fault_n be_v not_o that_o they_o rely_v on_o their_o memory_n for_o what_o they_o have_v before_o well_o judge_v but_o because_o they_o judge_v before_o they_o have_v well_o examine_v who_o almost_o be_v there_o that_o have_v the_o leisure_n patience_n and_o mean_n to_o collect_v together_o all_o the_o proof_n concern_v most_o of_o the_o opinion_n he_o have_v so_o as_o safe_o to_o conclude_v that_o he_o have_v a_o clear_a and_o full_a view_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o more_o to_o be_v allege_v for_o his_o better_a information_n and_o yet_o we_o be_v force_v to_o determine_v ourselves_o on_o one_o fide_fw-la or_o other_o the_o conduct_n of_o our_o life_n and_o the_o management_n of_o our_o great_a concern_v will_v not_o bear_v delay_n for_o those_o depend_v for_o the_o most_o part_n on_o the_o determination_n of_o our_o judgement_n in_o point_n wherein_o we_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o certain_a knowledge_n and_o wherein_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o we_o to_o embrace_v one_o side_n or_o the_o other_o the_o proposition_n we_o receive_v upon_o inducement_n of_o probability_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n first_o concern_v some_o particular_a existence_n or_o matter_n of_o fact_n which_o fall_v under_o observation_n be_v capable_a of_o humane_a testimony_n second_o concern_v thing_n which_o be_v beyond_o the_o discovery_n of_o our_o sense_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o humane_a testimony_n concern_v the_o first_o of_o these_o viz._n particular_a matter_n of_o faâ—t_n first_o where_o any_o particular_a thing_n consonant_n to_o the_o constant_a observation_n of_o ourselves_o and_o other_o in_o the_o like_a case_n come_v attest_v with_o the_o concurrent_a report_n of_o all_o that_o mention_v it_o we_o receive_v it_o as_o easy_o and_o build_v as_o firm_o upon_o it_o as_o if_o it_o be_v certain_a knowledge_n thus_o if_o all_o englishman_n who_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v it_o shall_v report_v that_o it_o freeze_v in_o england_n last_o winter_n or_o the_o like_a i_o think_v a_o man_n will_v as_o little_a doubt_n of_o it_o as_o that_o seven_o and_o four_o be_v eleven_o the_o first_o and_o high_a degree_n of_o probability_n than_o be_v when_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o all_o man_n in_o all_o age_n as_o far_o as_o can_v be_v know_v concur_v with_o a_o man_n be_v own_o constant_a experience_n in_o the_o like_a case_n to_o confirm_v the_o truth_n of_o any_o particular_a matter_n of_o fact_n attest_v by_o fair_a witness_n such_o be_v the_o state_v constitution_n and_o property_n of_o body_n and_o the_o regular_a proceed_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o nature_n this_o we_o call_v a_o argument_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n themselves_o for_o what_o we_o and_o other_o always_o observe_v to_o be_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n we_o conclude_v with_o reason_n to_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o steady_a and_o regular_a cause_n tho'_o they_o come_v not_o within_o the_o reach_n of_o our_o knowledge_n as_o that_o fire_n warm_v a_o man_n or_o make_v lead_v fluid_a that_o iron_n sink_v in_o water_n swim_v in_o quicksilver_n a_o relation_n affirm_v any_o such_o thing_n to_o have_v be_v or_o a_o predication_n that_o it_o will_v happen_v again_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v receive_v without_o doubt_n or_o hesitation_n and_o our_o belief_n thus_o ground_v rise_v to_o assurance_n second_o the_o next_o degree_n of_o probability_n be_v when_o by_o my_o own_o experience_n and_o the_o agreement_n of_o all_o other_o that_o mention_v it_o a_o thing_n be_v find_v to_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o and_o that_o the_o particular_a instance_n of_o it_o be_v attest_v by_o many_o and_o undoubted_a witness_n thus_o history_n give_v we_o such_o a_o account_n of_o man_n in_o all_o age_n and_o my_o own_o experience_n confirm_v it_o that_o most_o man_n prefer_v their_o own_o private_a advantage_n to_o the_o public_a if_o all_o historian_n that_o write_v of_o tiberius_n say_v that_o he_o do_v so_o it_o be_v extreme_o probable_a and_o in_o this_o case_n our_o assent_n rise_v to_o a_o degree_n which_o we_o may_v call_v confidence_n three_o in_o matter_n happen_v indifferent_o as_o that_o a_o bird_n shall_v fly_v this_o or_o that_o way_n when_o any_o particular_a matter_n of_o fact_n come_v attest_v by_o the_o concurrent_a testimony_n of_o unsuspected_a witness_n there_o our_o assent_n be_v also_o unavoidable_a thus_o that_o there_o be_v in_o italy_n such_o a_o city_n as_o rome_n that_o about_o one_o thousand_o and_o seven_o hundred_o year_n ago_o there_o live_v such_o a_o man_n in_o it_o as_o julius_n caesar_n etc._n etc._n a_o man_n can_v as_o little_a doubt_n of_o this_o and_o the_o like_a as_o he_o do_v of_o the_o be_v and_o action_n of_o his_o own_o acquaintance_n whereof_o he_o himself_o be_v a_o witness_n probability_n on_o these_o ground_n carry_v so_o much_o evidence_n with_o it_o that_o it_o leave_v we_o as_o little_a liberty_n to_o believe_v or_o disbelieve_v as_o demonstration_n do_v whether_o we_o will_v know_v or_o be_v ignorant_a but_o the_o difficulty_n be_v when_o testimony_n contradict_v common_a experience_n and_o the_o report_n of_o witness_n clash_v with_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o nature_n or_o with_o one_o another_o here_o diligence_n attention_n and_o exactness_n be_v require_v to_o form_v a_o right_a judgement_n and_o to_o proportion_v the_o assent_n to_o the_o evidence_n and_o probability_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o rise_v and_o fall_v according_a as_o the_o two_o foundation_n of_o credibility_n favour_n or_o contradict_v it_o these_o be_v liable_a to_o such_o variety_n of_o contrary_a observation_n circumstance_n report_n temper_n design_n over_o sight_n etc._n etc._n of_o reporter_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o reduce_v to_o precise_a rule_n the_o various_a degree_n wherein_o man_n give_v their_o assent_n this_o in_o general_n may_v be_v say_v that_o as_o the_o proof_n upon_o due_a examination_n shall_v to_o any_o one_o appear_v in_o a_o great_a or_o less_o degree_n to_o preponderate_v on_o either_o side_n so_o they_o be_v fit_v to_o produce_v in_o the_o mind_n such_o different_a entertainment_n as_o be_v call_v belief_n conjecture_n guess_v
doubt_v waver_a distrust_n disbelief_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v a_o rule_n general_o approve_v that_o any_o testimony_n the_o far_o off_o it_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o original_a truth_n the_o less_o force_v it_o have_v and_o in_o traditional_a truth_n each_o remove_n weaken_v the_o force_n of_o the_o proof_n there_o be_v a_o rule_n quite_o contrary_a to_o this_o advance_v by_o some_o man_n who_o look_v opinion_n to_o gain_v force_n by_o grow_v old_a upon_o this_o ground_n proposition_n evident_o false_a or_o doubtful_a in_o their_o first_o beginning_n come_v by_o a_o invert_v rule_n of_o probability_n to_o pass_v for_o authentic_a truth_n and_o those_o which_o deserve_v little_a credit_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o their_o first_o relator_n be_v think_v to_o grow_v venerable_a by_o age_n and_o be_v urge_v as_o undeniable_a but_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o no_o probability_n can_v rise_v above_o its_o first_o original_a what_o have_v no_o other_o evidence_n than_o the_o single_a testimony_n of_o one_o witness_v must_v stand_v or_o fall_v by_o his_o only_a testimony_n tho'_o afterward_o cite_v by_o hundred_o of_o other_o and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o receive_v any_o strength_n thereby_o that_o it_o become_v the_o weak_a because_o passion_n interest_n inadvertency_n mistake_v of_o his_o mean_v and_o a_o thousand_o odd_a reason_n or_o caprichois_n man_n mind_n be_v act_v by_o may_v make_v one_o man_n quote_v another_o word_n or_o mean_v wrong_n this_o be_v certain_a that_o what_o in_o one_o age_n be_v affirm_v upon_o slight_a ground_n can_v never_o after_o come_v to_o be_v more_o valid_a in_o future_a age_n by_o be_v often_o repeat_v the_o second_o sort_n of_o probability_n be_v concern_v thing_n not_o fall_v under_o the_o reach_n of_o our_o sense_n and_o therefore_o not_o capable_a of_o testimony_n and_o such_o be_v first_o the_o existence_n nature_n and_o operation_n of_o finite_a immaterial_a being_n without_o we_o as_o spirit_n angel_n etc._n etc._n or_o the_o existence_n of_o material_a being_n such_o as_o for_o their_o smallness_n or_o remoteness_n our_o sense_n can_v take_v notice_n of_o as_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o plant_n animal_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o planet_n and_o other_o mansion_n of_o the_o vast_a universe_n second_o concern_v the_o manner_n of_o operation_n in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n wherein_o tho'_o we_o see_v the_o sensible_a effect_n yet_o their_o cause_n be_v unknown_a and_o we_o perceive_v not_o the_o way_n and_o manner_n how_o they_o be_v produce_v we_o see_v animal_n be_v generate_v nourish_v and_o move_v the_o loadstone_n draw_v iron_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o cause_n that_o operate_v and_o the_o manner_n they_o be_v produce_v in_o we_o can_v only_o guess_v and_o probable_o conjecture_v in_o these_o matter_n analogy_n be_v the_o only_a help_n we_o have_v and_o it_o be_v from_o that_o alone_o we_o draw_v all_o our_o ground_n of_o probability_n thus_o observe_v that_o the_o bare_a rub_n of_o two_o body_n violent_o upon_o one_o another_o produces_z heatt_z and_o very_o often_o fire_n we_o have_v reason_n to_o think_v that_o what_o we_o call_v heat_n and_o fire_n consist_v in_o a_o certain_a violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o imperceptible_a minute_n part_v of_o the_o burn_a matter_n this_o sort_n of_o probability_n which_o be_v the_o best_a conduct_n of_o rational_a experiment_n and_o the_o rise_v of_o hypothesis_n have_v also_o its_o use_n and_o influence_n and_o a_o wary_a reason_n from_o analogy_n lead_v we_o often_o into_o the_o discovery_n of_o truth_n and_o useful_a deduction_n which_o will_v otherwise_o lie_v conceal_v tho'_o the_o common_a experience_n and_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o thing_n have_v a_o mighty_a influence_n on_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n to_o make_v they_o give_v or_o refuse_v credit_n to_o any_o thing_n propose_v to_o their_o belief_n yet_o there_o be_v one_o case_n wherein_o the_o strangeness_n of_o the_o fact_n lessen_v not_o the_o assent_n to_o a_o fair_a testimony_n give_v of_o it_o for_o where_o such_o supernatural_a event_n be_v suitable_a to_o end_v aim_v at_o by_o he_o who_o have_v the_o power_n to_o change_v the_o course_n of_o nature_n there_o under_o such_o circumstance_n they_o may_v be_v the_o fit_a to_o procure_v belief_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o they_o be_v beyond_o or_o contrary_a to_o ordinary_a observation_n this_o be_v the_o proper_a case_n of_o miracle_n which_o well_o attest_v do_v not_o only_o find_v credit_n themselves_o but_o give_v it_o also_o to_o other_o truth_n there_o be_v proposition_n that_o challenge_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o our_o assent_n upon_o bare_a testimony_n whether_o the_o thing_n propose_v agree_v or_o disagree_v with_o common_a experience_n and_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o thing_n or_o no_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o the_o testimony_n be_v of_o such_o a_o one_o as_o can_v deceive_v nor_o be_v deceive_v and_o that_o be_v god_n himself_o this_o carry_v with_o it_o certainty_n beyond_o doubt_n evidence_n beyond_o exception_n this_o be_v call_v by_o a_o peculiar_a name_n revelation_n and_o our_o assent_n to_o it_o faith_n which_o have_v as_o much_o certainty_n in_o it_o as_o our_o knowledge_n itself_o and_o we_o may_v as_o well_o doubt_v of_o our_o own_o be_v as_o we_o can_v whether_o any_o revelation_n from_o god_n be_v true_a so_o that_o faith_n be_v a_o settle_a and_o sure_a principle_n of_o assent_n and_o assurance_n and_o leave_v no_o manner_n of_o room_n for_o doubt_n or_o hesitation_n only_o we_o must_v be_v sure_a that_o it_o be_v a_o divine_a revelation_n and_o that_o we_o understand_v it_o right_o else_o we_o shall_v expose_v ourselves_o to_o all_o the_o extravagancy_n of_o enthusiasm_n and_o all_o the_o error_n of_o wrong_a principle_n if_o we_o have_v faith_n and_o assurance_n in_o what_o be_v not_o divine_a revelation_n chap._n xvii_o of_o reason_n the_o word_n reason_n in_o english_a have_v different_a signification_n sometime_o it_o be_v take_v for_o true_a and_o clear_a principle_n sometime_o for_o clear_a and_o fair_a deduction_n from_o those_o principle_n sometime_o for_o the_o cause_n and_o particular_o for_o the_o final_a cause_n but_o the_o consideration_n i_o shall_v have_v of_o it_o here_o be_v as_o it_o stand_v for_o a_o faculty_n whereby_o man_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o beast_n and_o wherein_o it_o be_v evident_a he_o much_o surpass_v they_o reason_n be_v necessary_a both_o for_o the_o enlargement_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o regulate_v our_o assent_n for_o it_o have_v to_o do_v both_o in_o knowledge_n and_o opinion_n and_o be_v necessary_a and_o assist_v to_o all_o our_o other_o intellectual_a faculty_n and_o indeed_o contain_v two_o of_o they_o viz._n first_o sagacity_n whereby_o it_o find_v intermediate_v idea_n second_o illation_n whereby_o it_o so_o order_n and_o dispose_v of_o they_o as_o to_o discover_v what_o connexion_n there_o be_v in_o each_o link_n of_o the_o chain_n whereby_o the_o extreme_n be_v hold_v together_o and_o thereby_o as_o it_o be_v to_o draw_v into_o view_n the_o truth_n seek_v for_o which_o be_v that_o we_o call_v illation_n or_o inference_n and_o consist_v in_o nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o connexion_n there_o be_v between_o the_o idea_n in_o each_o step_n of_o the_o deduction_n whereby_o the_o mind_n come_v to_o see_v either_o the_o certain_a agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n as_o in_o demonstration_n in_o which_o it_o arrive_v at_o knowledge_n or_o their_o probable_a connexion_n on_o which_o it_o give_v or_o withhold_v its_o assent_n as_o in_o opinion_n sense_n and_o intuition_n reach_v but_o a_o little_a way_n the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n depend_v upon_o deduction_n and_o intermediate_v idea_n in_o those_o case_n where_o we_o must_v take_v proposition_n for_o true_a without_o be_v certain_a of_o their_o be_v so_o we_o have_v need_v to_o find_v out_o examine_v and_o compare_v the_o ground_n of_o their_o probability_n in_o both_o case_n the_o faculty_n which_o find_v out_o the_o mean_n and_o right_o apply_v they_o to_o discover_v certainty_n in_o the_o one_o and_o probability_n in_o the_o other_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v reason_n so_o that_o in_o reason_n we_o may_v consider_v these_o four_o degree_n first_o the_o discover_v and_o find_v out_o of_o proof_n second_o the_o regular_a and_o methodical_a disposition_n of_o they_o and_o lay_v they_o in_o such_o order_n as_o their_o connexion_n may_v be_v plain_o perceive_v three_o the_o perceive_v their_o connexion_n four_o the_o make_v a_o right_a conclusion_n there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o which_o i_o shall_v desire_v to_o be_v consider_v concern_v reason_n and_o that_o be_v whether_o syllogism_n as_o be_v general_o think_v be_v the_o proper_a instrument_n of_o it_o ant_n the_o useful_a way_n of_o exercise_v this_o faculty_n the_o cause_n i_o have_v to_o doubt_v of_o
it_o be_v these_o first_o because_o syllogism_n serve_v our_o reason_n but_o in_o one_o only_a of_o the_o forementioned_a part_n of_o it_o and_o that_o be_v to_o show_v the_o connexion_n of_o the_o proof_n of_o any_o one_o instance_n and_o no_o more_o but_o in_o this_o it_o be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n since_o the_o mind_n can_v perceive_v such_o connexion_n where_o it_o real_o be_v as_o easy_o nay_o perhaps_o better_a without_o it_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v many_o man_n that_o reason_n exceed_v clear_a and_o right_o who_o know_v not_o how_o to_o make_v a_o syllogism_n and_o i_o believe_v scarce_o any_o one_o make_v syllogism_n in_o reason_v within_o himself_o indeed_o sometime_o they_o may_v serve_v to_o discover_v a_o fallacy_n hide_v in_o a_o rhetorical_a flourish_n or_o by_o strip_v a_o absurdity_n of_o the_o cover_n of_o wit_n and_o good_a language_n show_v it_o in_o its_o naked_a deformity_n but_o the_o mind_n be_v not_o teach_v to_o reason_n by_o these_o rule_n it_o have_v a_o native_a faculty_n to_o perceive_v the_o coherence_n or_o incoherence_n of_o its_o idea_n and_o can_v range_v they_o right_o without_o any_o such_o perplex_v repetition_n and_o i_o think_v every_o one_o will_v perceive_v in_o mathematical_a demonstration_n that_o the_o knowledge_n gain_v thereby_o come_v short_a and_o clear_a without_o syllogism_n second_o because_o thò_fw-la syllogism_n serve_v to_o show_v the_o force_n or_o fallacy_n of_o a_o argument_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o discourse_v by_o supply_v the_o absent_a proposition_n and_o so_o set_v it_o before_o the_o view_n in_o a_o clear_a light_n yet_o it_o no_o less_o engage_v the_o mind_n in_o the_o perplexity_n of_o obscure_a and_o equivocal_a term_n wherewith_o this_o artificial_a way_n of_o reason_v always_o abound_v it_o be_v adapt_v more_o to_o the_o attain_n of_o victory_n in_o dispute_n than_o the_o discovery_n or_o confirmation_n of_o truth_n in_o fair_a inquiry_n but_o however_o it_o be_v in_o knowledge_n i_o think_v it_o be_v of_o far_o less_o or_o no_o use_n at_o all_o in_o probability_n for_o the_o assent_n there_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o preponderancy_n after_o a_o due_a weigh_v of_o all_o the_o proof_n on_o both_o side_n nothing_o be_v so_o unfit_a to_o assist_v the_o mind_n in_o that_o as_o syllogism_n which_o run_v away_o with_o one_o assume_v probability_n pursue_v that_o till_o it_o have_v lead_v the_o mind_n quite_o out_o of_o sight_n of_o the_o thing_n under_o consideration_n but_o let_v it_o help_v we_o as_o perhaps_o may_v be_v say_v in_o convince_a man_n of_o their_o error_n or_o mistake_v yet_o still_o it_o fail_v our_o reason_n in_o that_o part_n which_o if_o not_o its_o high_a perfection_n be_v yet_o certain_o its_o hard_a task_n and_o that_o which_o we_o must_v need_v its_o help_n in_o and_o that_o be_v the_o find_v out_o of_o proof_n and_o make_v new_a discovery_n this_o way_n of_o reason_v discover_v no_o new_a proof_n but_o be_v the_o art_n of_o marshal_n and_o range_v the_o old_a one_o we_o have_v already_o a_o man_n know_v first_o and_o then_o he_o be_v able_a to_o prove_v syllogistical_o so_o that_o syllogism_n come_v after_o knowledge_n and_o then_o a_o man_n have_v little_a or_o no_o need_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v chief_o by_o the_o find_v out_o those_o idea_n that_o show_v the_o connexion_n of_o distant_a one_o that_o our_o stock_n of_o knowledge_n be_v increase_v and_o that_o useful_a art_n and_o science_n be_v advance_v reason_n tho'_o of_o a_o very_a large_a extent_n fail_v we_o in_o several_a instance_n as_o first_o where_o our_o idea_n fail_v second_o it_o be_v often_o at_o a_o loss_n because_o of_o the_o obscurity_n confusion_n or_o imperfection_n of_o the_o idea_n it_o be_v employ_v about_o thus_o have_v no_o perfect_a idea_n of_o the_o least_o extension_n of_o matter_n nor_o of_o infinity_o we_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n about_o the_o divisibility_n of_o matter_n three_o our_o reason_n be_v often_o at_o a_o stand_n because_o it_o perceive_v not_o those_o idea_n which_o will_v serve_v to_o show_v the_o certain_a or_o probable_a agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o other_o idea_n four_o our_o reason_n be_v often_o engage_v in_o absurdity_n and_o difficulty_n by_o proceed_v upon_o false_a principle_n which_o be_v follow_v lead_v man_n into_o contradiction_n to_o themselves_o and_o inconsistancy_n in_o their_o own_o thought_n five_o dubious_a word_n and_o uncertain_a sign_n often_o puzzle_v man_n reason_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o nonplus_n in_o reason_v man_n ordinary_o use_v four_o sort_n of_o argument_n the_o first_o be_v to_o allege_v the_o opinion_n of_o man_n who_o part_n learning_n eminency_n power_n or_o some_o other_o cause_n have_v gain_v a_o name_n and_o settle_v their_o reputation_n in_o the_o common_a esteem_n with_o some_o kind_n of_o authority_n this_o may_v be_v call_v argumentum_fw-la ad_fw-la verecundiam_fw-la second_o another_o way_n be_v to_o require_v the_o adversary_n to_o admit_v what_o they_o allege_v as_o a_o proof_n or_o to_o assign_v a_o better_a this_o i_o call_v argumentum_fw-la ad_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la a_o three_o way_n be_v to_o press_v a_o man_n with_o consequence_n draw_v from_o his_o own_o principle_n or_o concession_n this_o be_v already_o know_v under_o the_o name_n of_o argumentum_fw-la ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la four_o the_o use_n of_o proof_n draw_v from_o any_o of_o the_o foundation_n of_o knowledge_n or_o probability_n this_o i_o call_v argumentum_fw-la ad_fw-la judicium_fw-la this_o alone_a of_o all_o the_o four_o bring_v true_a instruction_n with_o it_o and_o advance_v we_o in_o our_o way_n to_o knowledge_n for_o first_o it_o argue_v not_o another_o man_n opinion_n to_o be_v right_a because_o i_o out_o of_o respect_n or_o any_o other_o consideration_n but_o that_o of_o conviction_n will_v not_o contradict_v he_o second_o it_o prove_v not_o another_o man_n to_o be_v in_o the_o right_a way_n nor_o that_o i_o ought_v to_o take_v the_o same_o with_o he_o because_o i_o know_v not_o a_o better_a three_o nor_o do_v it_o follow_v that_o another_o man_n be_v in_o the_o right_a way_n because_o he_o have_v show_v i_o that_o i_o be_o in_o the_o wrong_n this_o may_v dispose_v i_o perhaps_o for_o the_o reception_n of_o truth_n but_o help_v i_o not_o to_o it_o that_o must_v come_v from_o proof_n and_o argument_n and_o light_n arise_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n themselves_o not_o from_o my_o shame_n facedness_n ignorance_n or_o error_n by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o reason_n we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o make_v some_o guess_n at_o the_o distinction_n of_o thing_n into_o those_o that_o be_v according_a to_o above_z and_o contrary_a to_o reason_n according_a to_o reason_n be_v such_o proposition_n who_o truth_n we_o can_v discover_v by_o examine_v and_o trace_v those_o idea_n we_o have_v from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n and_o by_o natural_a deduction_n find_v to_o be_v true_a or_o probable_a above_o reason_n be_v such_o proposition_n who_o truth_n or_o probability_n we_o can_v by_o reason_n derive_v from_o those_o principle_n contrary_n to_o reason_n be_v such_o proposition_n as_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o or_o irreconcilable_a to_o our_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n thus_o the_o existence_n of_o one_o god_n be_v according_a to_o reason_n the_o existence_n of_o more_o than_o one_o god_n contrary_a to_o reason_n the_o resurrection_n of_o the_o body_n after_o death_n above_o reason_n above_o reason_n may_v be_v also_o take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n viz._n above_o probability_n or_o above_o certainty_n in_o that_o large_a sense_n also_o contrary_a to_o reason_n be_v i_o suppose_v sometime_o take_v there_o be_v another_o use_n of_o the_o word_n reason_n wherein_o it_o be_v oppose_v to_o faith_n which_o tho'_o authorize_v by_o common_a use_n yet_o be_v it_o in_o itself_o a_o very_a improper_a way_n of_o speak_v for_o faith_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o firm_a assent_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o if_o it_o be_v regulate_v as_o be_v our_o duty_n can_v be_v afford_v to_o any_o thing_n but_o upon_o good_a reason_n and_o so_o can_v be_v opposite_a to_o it_o he_o that_o believe_v without_o have_v any_o reason_n for_o believe_v may_v be_v in_o love_n with_o his_o own_o fancy_n but_o neither_o seek_v truth_n as_o he_o ought_v nor_o pay_v the_o obedience_n due_a to_o his_o maker_n who_o will_v have_v he_o use_v those_o discern_a faculty_n he_o have_v give_v he_o to_o keep_v he_o out_o of_o mistake_n and_o error_n but_o since_o reason_n and_o faith_n be_v by_o some_o man_n oppose_v we_o will_v so_o consider_v they_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap_n xviii_o of_o faith_n and_o reason_n and_o their_o distinct_a province_n reason_n as_o vvn_n to_o faith_n i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o discovery_n of_o the_o certainty_n or_o