to_o the_o extraordinary_a labour_n of_o his_o soldier_n reward_v fore_o whereas_o they_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o their_o wintering-camp_n before_o winter_n be_v end_v and_o be_v carry_v unreasonable_o upon_o a_o service_n he_o reward_v they_o with_o the_o booty_n and_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n contrary_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o roman_a warfare_n which_o reserve_v either_o all_o or_o the_o most_o part_n thereof_o for_o the_o public_a treasury_n and_o leave_v the_o soldier_n to_o his_o stipendiary_a entertainment_n which_o be_v a_o point_n very_o observable_a in_o the_o carriage_n of_o a_o war_n wherein_o be_v require_v as_o well_o eminent_a and_o extraordinary_a attempt_n as_o common_a and_o usual_a duty_n and_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o a_o wise_a commander_n be_v think_v worthy_a their_o answerable_a reward_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o gergovia_n as_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o seven_o commentary_n l._n fabius_n a_o centurion_n tell_v his_o companion_n that_o the_o booty_n and_o pillage_n which_o he_o have_v get_v at_o the_o take_n of_o avaricum_n will_v not_o suffer_v any_o man_n to_o get_v up_o upon_o the_o wall_n before_o himself_o and_o so_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o fall_v out_o that_o honourable_a attempt_n be_v honourable_o reward_v do_v as_o seed_v sow_v in_o good_a ground_n multiply_v the_o increase_n of_o like_a virtuous_a action_n and_o this_o be_v one_o principal_a mean_n which_o he_o use_v to_o give_v courage_n and_o valour_n to_o his_o soldier_n as_o when_o he_o go_v to_o get_v spain_n from_o pompey_n and_o that_o faction_n bell_n he_o borrow_a money_n of_o the_o tribune_n &_o centurion_n &_o give_v it_o in_o largess_n to_o the_o soldier_n whereby_o he_o gain_v as_o he_o say_v two_o advantage_n quod_fw-la pignore_fw-la animos_fw-la centurionum_fw-la devinxit_fw-la &_o largitione_n redemit_fw-la militum_fw-la voluntates_fw-la for_o he_o engage_v the_o centurion_n to_o he_o whilst_o he_o have_v this_o pledge_n from_o they_o and_o by_o his_o largesse_n purchase_v the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o soldier_n chap._n iii_o caesar_n summon_v a_o general_a council_n and_o carry_v his_o army_n against_o the_o senones_n a_o general_n councillor_n meet_v of_o all_o the_o state_n of_o gallia_n be_v summon_v caesar_n according_a to_o his_o first_o resolution_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n whereas_o all_o the_o rest_n save_v the_o senones_n carnutes_n and_o treviri_n make_v their_o appearance_n he_o conceive_v of_o it_o as_o the_o begin_n of_o war_n and_o defection_n and_o thereupon_o set_v all_o other_o thing_n aside_o he_o transfer_v the_o council_n to_o the_o city_n of_o paris_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o senones_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o father_n have_v unite_v their_o state_n unto_o they_o but_o be_v hold_v clear_a of_o this_o confederacy_n this_o thing_n be_v publish_v from_o the_o tribunal_n the_o same_o day_n he_o carry_v the_o legion_n against_o the_o senones_n and_o by_o great_a journey_n come_v into_o their_o country_n his_o come_v be_v know_v acco_n the_o chief_a author_n of_o that_o rebellion_n command_v the_o multitude_n to_o go_v into_o city_n and_o town_n of_o defence_n but_o as_o they_o endeavour_v before_o it_o can_v be_v accomplish_v news_n be_v bring_v that_o the_o roman_n be_v already_o come_v whereby_o they_o necessary_o leave_v off_o their_o purpose_n and_o send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v for_o favour_n they_o use_v the_o mediation_n of_o the_o hedui_n who_o state_n have_v of_o old_a time_n be_v in_o faith_n and_o league_n with_o the_o roman_n caesar_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o hedui_n do_v willing_o afford_v they_o pardon_v and_o accept_v their_o excuse_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o judge_v the_o summer_n time_n fit_a to_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o war_n which_o be_v come_v on_o he_o rather_o than_o in_o matter_n of_o question_n and_o judgement_n and_o have_v command_v a_o hundred_o pledge_n he_o deliver_v they_o to_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o hedui_n the_o carnutes_n likewise_o send_v messenger_n and_o pledge_n and_o by_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n who_o client_n they_o be_v receive_v the_o same_o answer_n caesar_n end_v the_o council_n and_o command_v horseman_n to_o be_v send_v he_o from_o all_o the_o state_n of_o gallia_n the_o first_o observation_n it_o shall_v not_o seem_v impertinent_a to_o the_o reader_n that_o i_o take_v occasion_n here_o to_o say_v somewhat_o touch_v the_o use_n and_o benefit_n of_o this_o parliament_n or_o councell-generall_a parliament_n wherein_o all_o the_o state_n of_o gallia_n or_o at_o the_o least_o such_o as_o do_v acknowledge_v the_o roman_a sovereignty_n present_v their_o fealty_n and_o be_v mutual_a witness_n of_o each_o other_o allegiance_n concern_v which_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o as_o all_o natural_a body_n have_v a_o transitory_a be_v depend_v upon_o motion_n and_o function_n of_o part_n so_o special_o state_n and_o commonweal_n as_o sympathize_v with_o natural_a cause_n have_v no_o certain_a continuance_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o be_v but_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n and_o fortune_n and_o do_v pass_v the_o age_n of_o a_o natural_a life_n from_o infancy_n grow_v to_o better_a strength_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o best_a perfection_n which_o year_n can_v afford_v it_o and_o then_o decay_v again_o by_o like_a degree_n even_o to_o the_o period_n and_o death_n of_o that_o policy_n for_o remedy_v whereof_o and_o for_o the_o prevention_n of_o any_o weaken_a disease_n which_o may_v infect_v either_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o the_o body_n or_o so_o possess_v any_o part_n thereof_o as_o it_o may_v thereby_o prove_v either_o dangerous_a or_o unprofitable_a among_o other_o help_n these_o counsel_n and_o meeting_n have_v be_v think_v necessary_a wherein_o every_o particular_a state_n and_o city_n have_v some_o of_o their_o society_n present_a as_o well_o to_o open_v their_o grievance_n if_o any_o be_v and_o to_o seek_v ease_n and_o relief_n by_o way_n of_o treaty_n and_o dispute_n as_o also_o to_o receive_v such_o direction_n and_o mandate_n as_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o prince_n shall_v think_v meet_a for_o their_o government_n for_o as_o this_o common_a council_n or_o general_a assembly_n may_v well_o be_v term_v the_o pulse_n of_o a_o politic_a body_n whereby_o the_o true_a state_n and_o temperature_n thereof_o be_v discern_v so_o be_v it_o also_o as_o a_o treaty_n or_o parley_n and_o a_o renew_n of_o the_o condition_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o head_n and_o the_o member_n where_o sovereignty_n and_o obedience_n be_v mutual_o propound_v do_v concur_v in_o the_o establish_n of_o true_a and_o perfect_a government_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o the_o politician_n of_o late_a time_n do_v in_o their_o write_n call_v the_o reduce_n of_o a_o common-weal_n to_o the_o first_o beginning_n for_o the_o noisome_a and_o superfluous_a humour_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v purge_v and_o abate_v the_o body_n of_o the_o public_a weal_n be_v refine_v into_o such_o true_a and_o natural_a element_n and_o settle_v in_o that_o disposition_n of_o health_n as_o may_v give_v great_a hope_n of_o long_a continuance_n beside_o this_o use_n and_o benefit_n of_o these_o assembly_n there_o be_v many_o necessary_a business_n conclude_v and_o many_o thing_n agree_v unto_o serve_v to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o war_n against_o party_n and_o faction_n as_o namely_o the_o leviâ—s_n and_o supply_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n grant_v by_o this_o council_n as_o a_o subsidy_n which_o in_o the_o roman_a army_n receive_v stipend_n and_o pay_v by_o the_o name_n of_o auxiliary_a or_o associate_v force_n whereof_o we_o read_v in_o many_o place_n of_o these_o commentary_n and_o particular_o in_o this_o book_n but_o the_o roman_n use_v special_o the_o service_n of_o their_o horseman_n as_o the_o flower_n of_o their_o strength_n and_o far_o exceed_v their_o foot_n company_n in_o execution_n of_o arm_n and_o use_n of_o war_n wherein_o the_o gall_n have_v ever_o challenge_v a_o preeminence_n before_o other_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n and_o have_v continue_v the_o same_o reputation_n even_o unto_o this_o time_n footman_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o nimble_a and_o quick_a motion_n of_o their_o spirit_n which_o be_v better_o suit_v with_o the_o swift_a and_o speedy_a execution_n of_o horse_n then_o with_o any_o readiness_n which_o their_o own_o strength_n can_v afford_v they_o or_o what_o other_o cause_n it_o have_v i_o know_v not_o but_o this_o i_o be_o sure_a of_o that_o as_o the_o world_n take_v notice_n of_o their_o hot_a fantasy_n so_o will_v the_o french_a be_v reckon_v the_o best_a horseman_n of_o any_o other_o nation_n the_o last_o say_n which_o i_o observe_v concern_v this_o council_n be_v the_o time_n wherein_o it_o be_v summon_v which_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n rather_o than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o
therefore_o it_o be_v call_v agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la or_o a_o square_a march_n inasmuch_o as_o it_o keep_v the_o same_o disposition_n of_o part_n as_o be_v observe_v in_o quadrata_fw-la acie_n in_o a_o square_a body_n for_o that_o triple_a form_n of_o embattle_v which_o the_o roman_n general_o observe_v in_o their_o fight_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o distance_n between_o each_o battle_n contain_v almost_o a_o equal_a dimension_n of_o front_n and_o file_v and_o so_o it_o make_v aciem_fw-la quadratam_fw-la a_o square_a body_n and_o when_o it_o march_v agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la a_o square_a march_n polybius_n express_v the_o same_o in_o effect_n 6._o as_o often_o as_o the_o place_n require_v circumspection_n but_o alter_v it_o somewhat_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o carriage_n for_o he_o say_v that_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n especial_o where_o the_o country_n be_v plain_a and_o champain_n and_o give_v space_n and_o free_a scope_n to_o clear_v themselves_o upon_o any_o accident_n the_o roman_n march_v in_o a_o triple_a battle_n of_o equal_a distance_n one_o behind_o another_o every_o battle_n have_v his_o several_a carriage_n in_o front_n and_o if_o they_o be_v by_o chance_n attack_v by_o a_o enemy_n they_o turn_v themselves_o according_a to_o the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o place_n either_o to_o the_o right_n of_o left_a hand_n and_o so_o place_v their_o carriage_n on_o the_o one_o side_n of_o their_o army_n they_o stand_v imbattel_v ready_a to_o receive_v the_o charge_n the_o contrary_a form_n of_o march_v where_o the_o place_n afford_v more_o security_n and_o give_v scope_n to_o conveniency_n longum_fw-la they_o name_v agmen_fw-la longum_fw-la a_o long_a march_n or_o train_n when_o almost_o every_o maniple_n or_o order_n have_v their_o several_a carriage_n attend_v upon_o they_o and_o strive_v to_o keep_v that_o way_n which_o they_o find_v most_o easy_a both_o for_o themselves_o and_o their_o impediment_n which_o order_n of_o march_n as_o it_o be_v more_o commodious_a than_o the_o former_a in_o regard_n of_o particularity_n so_o be_v it_o unsafe_a and_o dangerous_a where_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v gall._n and_o therefore_o caesar_n much_o blame_v sabinus_n and_o cotta_n for_o march_v when_o they_o be_v delude_v by_o ambiorix_n longissimo_fw-la agmine_fw-la in_o a_o very_a long_a train_n as_o though_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o advertisement_n from_o a_o friend_n and_o not_o from_o a_o enemy_n and_o albeit_o our_o modern_a war_n be_v far_o different_a in_o quality_n from_o they_o of_o ancient_a time_n war_n yet_o in_o this_o point_n of_o discipline_n they_o can_v have_v a_o more_o perfect_a direction_n then_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n observe_v as_o the_o two_o pole_n of_o their_o motion_n safety_n and_o conveniency_n whereof_o the_o first_o depend_v chief_o upon_o the_o provident_a disposition_n of_o the_o leader_n and_o the_o other_o will_v easy_o follow_v on_o as_o the_o commodity_n of_o every_o particular_a shall_v give_v occasion_n concern_v safety_n in_o place_n of_o danger_n what_o better_a course_n can_v be_v take_v then_o that_o manner_n of_o imbattel_v which_o shall_v be_v think_v most_o convenient_a if_o a_o enemy_n be_v present_a to_o confront_v they_o for_o a_o well-ordered_a march_n must_v either_o carry_v the_o perfect_a form_n of_o a_o battle_n or_o contain_v the_o distinct_a principle_n and_o element_n thereof_o that_o with_o little_a alteration_n it_o may_v receive_v that_o perfection_n of_o strength_n which_o the_o fit_a disposition_n can_v afford_v it_o first_o therefore_o a_o prudent_a and_o circumspect_a leader_n that_o desire_v to_o frame_v a_o strong_a and_o orderly_o march_v be_v diligent_o to_o observe_v the_o nature_n and_o use_n of_o each_o weapon_n in_o his_o army_n how_o they_o may_v be_v place_v for_o great_a use_n and_o advantage_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o different_a and_o concur_v quality_n as_o also_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v manage_v and_o this_o knowledge_n will_v consequent_o infer_v the_o best_a and_o exact_a disposition_n of_o imbattel_v as_o the_o say_a force_n be_v capable_a of_o which_o if_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o a_o march_n be_v no_o way_n to_o be_v alter_v but_o if_o this_o exactness_n of_o imbattel_v will_v not_o admit_v convenient_a carriage_n of_o such_o necessary_a adjunct_n as_o pertain_v to_o a_o army_n the_o inconvenience_n be_v to_o be_v relieve_v with_o as_o little_a alteration_n from_o that_o rule_n as_o in_o a_o wary_a judgement_n shall_v be_v find_v expedient_a that_o albeit_o the_o form_n be_v somewhat_o change_v yet_o the_o principle_n and_o ground_n wherein_o their_o strength_n and_o safety_n consist_v may_v still_o be_v retain_v neither_o can_v any_o man_n well_o descend_v to_o more_o particular_a precept_n in_o this_o point_n he_o may_v exemplify_v the_o practice_n of_o many_o great_a and_o experience_a commander_n what_o sort_n of_o weapon_n march_v in_o front_n and_o what_o in_o the_o rearward_n in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o army_n the_o munition_n march_v and_o where_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o carriage_n be_v bestow_v according_a as_o their_o several_a judgement_n think_v most_o expedient_a in_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o their_o occurrence_n but_o the_o issue_n of_o all_o will_v fall_v out_o thus_o that_o he_o that_o observe_v this_o rule_n before_o prescribe_v do_v seldom_o miscarry_v through_o a_o unsafe_a march_n let_v a_o good_a martia_n list_v well_o know_v their_o proper_a use_n in_o that_o diversity_n of_o weapon_n in_o his_o army_n how_o they_o be_v serviceable_a or_o disadvantageous_a in_o this_o or_o that_o place_n against_o such_o or_o such_o a_o enemy_n and_o he_o will_v speedy_o order_v his_o battle_n dispose_v of_o his_o march_n and_o bestow_v his_o carriage_n as_o shall_v best_o fall_v out_o both_o for_o his_o safety_n and_o conveniency_n caesar_n custom_n be_v to_o send_v his_o cavalry_n and_o light-armed_n footman_n before_o the_o body_n of_o his_o army_n both_o to_o discover_v and_o impeach_v a_o enemy_n for_o these_o troop_n be_v nimble_a in_o motion_n and_o fit_a for_o such_o service_n but_o if_o the_o danger_n be_v great_a in_o the_o rearward_n then_o in_o the_o front_n the_o horseman_n march_v in_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o army_n and_o give_v security_n where_o there_o be_v most_o cause_n of_o fear_n but_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o they_o be_v find_v unfit_a to_o make_v good_a the_o service_n in_o that_o place_n as_o oftentimes_o it_o fall_v out_o and_o especial_o in_o africa_n against_o the_o numidian_n he_o than_o remove_v they_o as_o he_o best_o find_v it_o convenient_a and_o bring_v his_o legionary_a soldier_n which_o be_v the_o sinew_n and_o strength_n of_o his_o force_n and_o march_v continual_o in_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o army_n to_o make_v good_a that_o which_o his_o horseman_n can_v not_o perform_v and_o thus_o he_o alter_v the_o antique_a prescription_n and_o uniformity_n of_o custom_n according_a as_o he_o find_v himself_o best_a able_a to_o disadvantage_n a_o enemy_n or_o make_v way_n to_o victory_n chap._n ix_o the_o roman_n begin_v to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n but_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o nervii_n caesar_n make_v haste_n to_o prepare_v his_o force_n to_o battle_n the_o roman_a horseman_n caesar_n with_o the_o slinger_n and_o archer_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n and_o encounter_v the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o enemy_n who_o at_o first_o retire_v back_o to_o their_o company_n in_o the_o wood_n and_o from_o thence_o sally_v out_o again_o upon_o they_o but_o the_o roman_n dare_v not_o pursue_v they_o further_o than_o the_o plain_a and_o open_a ground_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o six_o legion_n that_o be_v in_o front_n have_v their_o work_n measure_v out_o unto_o they_o begin_v to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o neâ—vii_n perceive_v their_o former_a carriage_n to_o be_v come_v in_o sight_n which_o be_v the_o time_n appoint_v among_o they_o to_o give_v the_o charge_n as_o they_o stand_v imbattel_v within_o the_o thicket_n so_o they_o rush_v out_o with_o all_o their_o force_n and_o assault_v the_o roman_a horseman_n which_o be_v easy_o beat_v back_o the_o nervii_n run_v down_o to_o the_o river_n with_o such_o a_o incredible_a swiftness_n that_o they_o seem_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n of_o time_n to_o be_v in_o the_o wood_n at_o the_o river_n and_o charge_v the_o legion_n on_o the_o other_o side_n for_o with_o the_o same_o violence_n have_v pass_v the_o river_n they_o run_v up_o the_o hill_n to_o the_o roman_a camp_n where_o the_o soldier_n be_v busy_v in_o their_o entrenchment_n caesar_n have_v all_o part_n to_o play_v at_o one_o instant_a the_o flag_n to_o be_v hang_v out_o by_o which_o they_o give_v the_o soldier_n warning_n to_o take_v arm_n the_o battle_n to_o be_v proclaim_v by_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n the_o soldier_n to_o be_v recall_v from_o their_o work_n and_o such_o as_o be_v go_v far_o
and_o all_o that_o they_o have_v to_o caesar_n mercy_n desire_v one_o thing_n of_o he_o earnest_o which_o be_v that_o if_o his_o goodness_n and_o clemency_n which_o they_o have_v hear_v so_o high_a praise_n of_o have_v determine_v to_o save_v their_o life_n he_o will_v not_o take_v away_o their_o arm_n from_o they_o forasmuch_o as_o all_o their_o neighbour_n be_v enemy_n unto_o they_o and_o envy_v at_o their_o valour_n neither_o be_v they_o able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o if_o they_o shall_v deliver_v up_o their_o armour_n so_o that_o they_o have_v rather_o suffer_v any_o inconvenience_n by_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n then_o to_o be_v butcherly_a murder_v by_o they_o who_o in_o former_a time_n they_o have_v hold_v subject_a to_o their_o command_n to_o this_o caesar_n answer_v that_o he_o will_v save_v the_o city_n rather_o of_o his_o own_o custom_n then_o for_o any_o desert_n of_o they_o so_o that_o they_o yield_v before_o the_o ram_n touch_v the_o wall_n but_o no_o condition_n of_o remedy_n shall_v be_v accept_v without_o present_a delivery_n of_o their_o arm_n for_o he_o will_v do_v by_o they_o as_o he_o have_v do_v by_o the_o nervii_n and_o give_v commandment_n to_o their_o neighbour_n that_o they_o shall_v offer_v no_o wrong_n to_o such_o as_o have_v commend_v their_o safety_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n this_o answer_n be_v return_v to_o the_o city_n they_o seem_v content_v to_o do_v whatsoever_o he_o command_v they_o and_o thereupon_o cast_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o armour_n over_o the_o wall_n into_o the_o ditch_n insomuch_o as_o they_o fill_v it_o almost_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rampire_n and_o yet_o as_o afterward_o be_v know_v conceal_v the_o three_o part_n they_o set_v open_v the_o gate_n and_o for_o that_o day_n carry_v themselves_o peaceable_o towards_o night_n caesar_n command_v the_o gate_n to_o be_v shut_v and_o the_o soldier_n to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o town_n lest_o in_o the_o night_n the_o townsman_n shall_v be_v any_o way_n injure_v by_o they_o but_o the_o aduatici_n have_v consult_v together_o before_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o believe_v that_o upon_o their_o submission_n the_o roman_n will_v either_o set_v no_o watch_n at_o all_o or_o at_o the_o least_o keep_v it_o very_o careless_o partly_o with_o such_o armour_n as_o they_o have_v retain_v and_o partly_o with_o target_n make_v of_o bark_n or_o wrought_v of_o wicker_n which_o upon_o the_o sudden_a they_o have_v cover_v over_o with_o leather_n about_o the_o three_o watch_n where_o the_o ascent_n to_o our_o fortification_n be_v easy_a they_o issue_v sudden_o out_o of_o the_o town_n with_o all_o their_o power_n but_o signification_n thereof_o be_v present_o give_v by_o fire_n as_o caesar_n have_v command_v the_o roman_n haste_v speedy_o to_o that_o place_n the_o enemy_n fight_v very_o desperate_o as_o man_n in_o the_o last_o hope_n of_o their_o welfare_n incounter_v the_o roman_n in_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n all_o their_o hope_n now_o lie_v upon_o their_o valour_n at_o length_n with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o four_o thousand_o the_o rest_n be_v drive_v back_o into_o the_o town_n the_o next_o day_n when_o caesar_n come_v to_o break_v open_a the_o gate_n and_o find_v no_o man_n at_o defence_n he_o send_v in_o the_o soldier_n and_o sell_v all_o the_o people_n and_o spoil_n of_o the_o town_n the_o number_n of_o person_n in_o the_o town_n amount_v to_o fifty_o three_o thousand_o bondslave_n the_o first_o observation_n in_o the_o surprise_n attempt_v by_o the_o belgae_n upon_o bibract_n i_o set_v down_o the_o manner_n which_o both_o the_o gall_n and_o the_o roman_n use_v in_o their_o sudden_a surprise_v of_o a_o town_n whereof_o if_o they_o fail_v the_o place_n import_v any_o advantage_n in_o the_o course_n of_o war_n they_o then_o prepare_v for_o the_o siege_n in_o that_o manner_n as_o caesar_n have_v describe_v in_o this_o place_n they_o environ_v the_o town_n about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n circumvallatio_n and_o fortify_v the_o say_a rampire_n with_o many_o castle_n and_o fortress_n erect_v in_o a_o convenient_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o so_o they_o keep_v the_o town_n from_o any_o foreign_a succour_n or_o relief_n and_o withal_o secure_v themselves_o from_o sally_n or_o other_o stratagem_n which_o the_o townsman_n may_v practise_v against_o they_o and_o this_o manner_n of_o siege_n be_v call_v circumvallatio_fw-la commentary_n the_o particular_a description_n whereof_o i_o refer_v unto_o the_o history_n of_o alesia_n where_o i_o will_v handle_v it_o according_a to_o the_o particular_n there_o set_v down_o by_o caesar_n the_o second_o observation_n the_o ram_n ram._n which_o caesar_n here_o mention_v be_v of_o great_a note_n among_o all_o the_o roman_a engine_n and_o hold_v that_o place_n which_o the_o canon_n have_v in_o our_o war_n vitruvius_n do_v attribute_v the_o invention_n thereof_o to_o the_o carthaginian_n who_o at_o the_o take_n of_o cadiz_n cales_n want_v a_o fit_a instrument_n to_o raze_v and_o overthrow_v a_o castle_n they_o take_v a_o long_a beam_n or_o timber-tree_n and_o bear_v it_o upon_o their_o arm_n and_o shoulder_n with_o the_o one_o end_n thereof_o they_o first_o break_v down_o the_o uppermost_a rank_n of_o stone_n and_o so_o descend_v by_o degree_n they_o overthrow_v the_o whole_a tower_n the_o roman_n have_v two_o sort_n of_o ram_n the_o one_o be_v rude_a and_o plain_a the_o other_o artificial_a and_o compound_v simplex_fw-la the_o first_o be_v that_o which_o the_o carthaginian_n use_v at_o cadiz_n and_o be_v portray_v in_o the_o column_n of_o traâ—an_n at_o rome_n the_o compound_a ram_n be_v thus_o describe_v by_o josephus_n composita_fw-la a_o ram_n say_v he_o be_v a_o mighty_a great_a beam_n like_v unto_o the_o mast_n of_o a_o ship_n and_o be_v strengthen_v at_o one_o end_n with_o a_o head_n of_o iron_n fashion_v like_o unto_o a_o ram_n and_o thereof_o it_o take_v the_o name_n this_o ram_n be_v hang_v by_o the_o midst_n with_o rope_n unto_o another_o beam_n which_o lie_v cross_v a_o couple_n of_o pillar_n and_o hang_v thus_o equal_o balance_v it_o be_v by_o force_n of_o man_n thrust_v forwar_n and_o recoil_v backward_o and_o so_o beat_v upon_o the_o wall_n with_o his_o iron_n head_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o tower_n so_o strong_a or_o wall_n so_o broad_a that_o be_v able_a to_o stand_v before_o it_o the_o length_n of_o this_o ram_n be_v of_o a_o large_a scantling_n for_o plutarch_n affirm_v that_o antony_n in_o the_o parthian_a war_n have_v a_o ram_n fourscore_o foot_n long_o and_o vitruvius_n say_v that_o the_o length_n of_o a_o ram_n be_v usual_o one_o hundred_o and_o six_o and_o sometime_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o and_o this_o length_n give_v great_a strength_n and_o force_n to_o the_o engine_n it_o be_v manage_v at_o one_o time_n with_o a_o whole_a century_n or_o order_n of_o soldier_n and_o their_o force_n be_v spend_v they_o be_v second_v with_o another_o century_n and_o so_o the_o ram_n play_v continual_o upon_o the_o wall_n without_o intermission_n josephus_n say_v that_o titus_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o jerusalem_n have_v a_o ram_n for_o every_o legion_n it_o be_v oftentimes_o cover_v with_o a_o vine_n that_o the_o man_n that_o manage_v it_o may_v be_v in_o more_o safety_n it_o appear_v by_o this_o place_n that_o if_o a_o town_n have_v continue_v out_o until_o the_o ram_n have_v touch_v the_o wall_n they_o can_v not_o presume_v of_o any_o acceptation_n of_o rendry_a forasmuch_o as_o by_o their_o obstinacy_n they_o have_v bring_v in_o peril_n the_o life_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o be_v subdue_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n which_o afford_v such_o mercy_n as_o the_o victor_n please_v the_o three_o observation_n the_o aduatici_n as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o small_a security_n which_o one_o state_n can_v give_v unto_o another_o that_o commend_v their_o safety_n to_o be_v protect_v by_o it_o for_o as_o architas_n the_o pythagorean_n say_v a_o body_n a_o family_n and_o a_o army_n be_v then_o well_o govern_v when_o they_o contain_v within_o themselves_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o safety_n so_o we_o must_v not_o look_v for_o any_o security_n in_o a_o state_n when_o their_o safety_n depend_v upon_o a_o foreign_a protection_n for_o the_o old_a say_n be_v that_o neque_fw-la murus_fw-la neque_fw-la amicus_fw-la quisquam_fw-la teget_fw-la quem_fw-la propria_fw-la arma_fw-la non_fw-la texere_fw-la neither_o wall_n nor_o friend_n will_v save_v he_o who_o his_o own_o weapon_n do_v not_o defend_v although_o in_o this_o case_n the_o matter_n be_v well_o qualify_v by_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o the_o late_a victory_n in_o the_o continent_n of_o gallia_n whereof_o the_o hedui_n with_o their_o associate_n be_v very_o gainful_a witness_n but_o among_o kingdom_n that_o be_v better_o suit_v with_o equality_n of_o strength_n and_o
by_o a_o set_a fight_n continue_v the_o space_n of_o six_o hour_n without_o any_o likelihood_n of_o contrariety_n or_o alteration_n which_o practice_n of_o frustrate_v a_o design_n intend_v by_o a_o indirect_a and_o contrary_a answer_n serve_v the_o roman_n oftentimes_o to_o great_a advantage_n as_o beside_o this_o present_a example_n in_o this_o commentary_n we_o shall_v afterward_o read_v how_o titurius_n sabinus_n defeat_v the_o unelli_n with_o the_o same_o stratagem_n and_o overthrow_v they_o by_o eruption_n and_o sally_v out_o when_o they_o expect_v nothing_o but_o a_o defensive_a resistance_n from_o the_o rampire_n from_o whence_o a_o commander_n may_v learn_v to_o avoid_v two_o contrary_a inconvenience_n according_a as_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o war_n shall_v offer_v occasion_n first_o if_o other_o thing_n be_v answerable_a which_o a_o judicious_a eye_n will_v easy_o discover_v that_o a_o sally_n make_v out_o at_o divers_a port_n of_o a_o hold_n will_v much_o mitigate_v the_o heat_n of_o a_o charge_n and_o control_v the_o fury_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o that_o besiege_v any_o place_n what_o advantage_n soever_o he_o have_v of_o the_o defendant_n may_v much_o better_o assure_v himself_o of_o good_a fortune_n if_o he_o appoint_v certain_a troop_n in_o readiness_n to_o receive_v the_o charge_n of_o any_o eruption_n that_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v busy_o employ_v in_o the_o assault_n may_v provide_v to_o answer_v it_o without_o disorder_n or_o confusion_n which_o order_n if_o the_o gall_n have_v take_v they_o have_v not_o in_o likelihood_n so_o often_o be_v deceive_v chap._n iii_o galba_n return_v into_o the_o province_n the_o vnelli_n give_v occasion_n of_o a_o new_a war_n after_o this_o battle_n caesar_n galba_n unwilling_a to_o try_v fortune_n any_o further_a and_o consider_v that_o he_o have_v meet_v with_o business_n which_o he_o never_o dream_v of_o when_o first_o he_o come_v thither_o to_o quarter_n especial_o find_v himself_o in_o want_n both_o of_o corn_n and_o forage_n have_v first_o burn_v the_o town_n the_o next_o day_n he_o return_v towards_o the_o province_n and_o without_o let_v or_o resistance_n bring_v the_o legion_n safe_a into_o the_o nantuates_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o savoyard_n allobroges_n and_o there_o he_o winter_v after_o these_o thing_n be_v dispatch_v caesar_n suppose_v for_o many_o reason_n that_o all_o gallia_n be_v now_o in_o peace_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o further_a fear_n of_o any_o new_a war_n the_o belgae_n be_v overthrow_v the_o german_n thrust_v out_o and_o the_o seduni_n among_o the_o alps_o subdue_v and_o vanquish_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o winter_n be_v go_v into_o illyricum_n have_v a_o great_a desire_n to_o see_v those_o nation_n but_o there_o grow_v a_o sudden_a tumult_n and_o dissension_n in_o gallia_n upon_o this_o occasion_n pub._n crassus_n winter_v with_o the_o seven_o legion_n in_o anjou_n near_o unto_o the_o ocean_n and_o find_v scarcity_n of_o corn_n in_o those_o part_n he_o send_v out_o the_o prefect_n of_o the_o horseman_n and_o tribune_n into_o the_o next_o city_n to_o demand_v corn_n and_o other_o provision_n for_o his_o legion_n of_o who_o titus_n terrasidius_n be_v send_v unto_o the_o perche_n unelli_n marcus_n trebius_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d curiosolitae_n q._n velanius_n and_o titus_n silius_n to_o the_o vannes_n veneti_n these_o veneti_n be_v of_o great_a authority_n among_o all_o the_o maritime_a nation_n in_o that_o coast_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a store_n of_o ship_v with_o which_o they_o do_v traffic_v in_o brittany_n and_o exceed_v all_o their_o neighbour_n state_n in_o skill_n and_o experience_n of_o seafaring_a matter_n have_v command_n of_o as_o many_o port_n as_o lay_v to_o those_o sea_n and_o the_o most_o part_n of_o such_o as_o use_v those_o sea_n tributary_n to_o their_o state_n these_o veneti_n first_o adventure_v to_o retain_v silius_n and_o velanius_n hope_v thereby_o to_o recover_v their_o hostage_n which_o they_o have_v give_v to_o crassus_n the_o finitimate_a city_n induce_v by_o their_o authority_n and_o example_n as_o indeed_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o gall_n be_v sudden_a and_o hasty_a for_o the_o same_o reason_n lay_v hold_v upon_o trebius_n and_o terrasidius_n and_o send_v speedy_a ambassage_n one_o unto_o another_o conjure_v by_o their_o prince_n and_o chief_a magistrate_n to_o do_v nothing_o but_o by_o common_a consent_n and_o to_o attend_v all_o the_o same_o event_n of_o fortune_n solicit_v also_o other_o city_n and_o state_n rather_o to_o maintain_v that_o liberty_n which_o they_o have_v receive_v of_o their_o ancestor_n then_o to_o endure_v the_o servile_a bondage_n of_o a_o stranger_n the_o first_o observation_n the_o circumstance_n in_o this_o history_n which_o note_v the_o sudden_a break_v out_o of_o war_n 〈…〉_z when_o the_o course_n of_o thing_n make_v promise_v of_o peace_n show_v first_o what_o small_a assurance_n our_o reason_n have_v of_o her_o discourse_n in_o calculate_v the_o nativity_n of_o after-chance_n which_o so_o seldom_o answer_v the_o judgement_n we_o give_v upon_o their_o beginning_n that_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o happiness_n we_o find_v nothing_o but_o misery_n and_o contrariwise_o it_o go_v often_o well_o with_o that_o part_n which_o our_o art_n have_v condemn_v to_o ill_a fortune_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v not_o marvel_v if_o when_o almost_o all_o nation_n be_v at_o odds_o and_o in_o our_o best_a conceit_n threaten_v destruction_n one_o to_o another_o there_o happen_v a_o sudden_a motion_n of_o peace_n or_o if_o peace_n be_v in_o speech_n soothe_v the_o world_n with_o please_a tranquillity_n and_o through_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o our_o weak_a probability_n promise_v much_o rest_n after_o many_o trouble_n there_o follow_v great_a war_n in_o the_o end_n then_o the_o former_a time_n can_v true_o speak_v of_o which_o be_v well_o understand_v may_v humble_v the_o spirit_n of_o our_o haughty_a politician_n that_o think_v to_o comprehend_v the_o conclusion_n of_o future_a time_n under_o the_o premise_n of_o their_o weak_a project_n and_o predestinate_a succeed_a age_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o present_a motion_n when_o a_o accident_n so_o little_o think_v of_o shall_v break_v the_o main_a stream_n of_o our_o judgement_n and_o falsify_v the_o oracle_n which_o our_o understanding_n have_v utter_v and_o it_o may_v learn_v they_o withal_o how_o much_o it_o import_v a_o wise_a commander_n to_o prevent_v a_o evil_a that_o may_v cross_v his_o design_n how_o unlikely_a soever_o it_o be_v to_o happen_v by_o handle_v it_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o though_o it_o be_v necessary_o to_o confront_v the_o same_o for_o then_o a_o thing_n be_v well_o do_v when_o it_o have_v in_o itself_o both_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o be_v and_o the_o direct_a mean_n to_o resist_v the_o repugnancy_n of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n and_o so_o hap_v what_o will_v it_o have_v great_a possibility_n to_o continue_v the_o same_o the_o second_o observation_n this_o practice_n of_o the_o veneti_n may_v instruct_v a_o circumspect_a prince_n in_o case_n of_o this_o nature_n to_o have_v a_o more_o watchful_a eye_n over_o that_o province_n or_o city_n which_o shall_v be_v find_v most_o potent_a and_o mighty_a among_o the_o rest_n then_o of_o any_o other_o inferior_a state_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o condition_n for_o as_o example_n of_o itself_o be_v of_o great_a authority_n example_n make_v improbability_n seem_v full_a of_o reason_n especial_o when_o the_o intention_n shall_v sympathize_v with_o our_o will_n so_o when_o it_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v strengthen_v with_o powerful_a mean_n and_o grace_v with_o the_o act_n of_o superior_a personage_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v very_o effectual_a to_o stir_v up_o man_n mind_n to_o approve_v that_o with_o a_o strong_a affection_n which_o their_o own_o single_a judgement_n do_v no_o way_n allow_v of_o and_o therefore_o equality_n bring_v this_o advantage_n to_o a_o prince_n which_o difference_n can_v afford_v that_o albeit_o example_n do_v set_v on_o foot_n any_o rebellious_a motion_n yet_o no_o supereminency_n shall_v authorise_v the_o same_o chap._n four_o caesar_n have_v advertisement_n of_o these_o new_a trouble_n haste_v into_o gallia_n and_o prepare_v for_o the_o war_n all_o the_o maritime_a state_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v draw_v into_o the_o same_o conspiracy_n caesar_n they_o send_v a_o embassage_n unto_o crassus_n in_o the_o name_n of_o they_o all_o that_o if_o he_o will_v have_v his_o man_n again_o he_o must_v deliver_v up_o the_o hostage_n which_o he_o have_v take_v from_o they_o whereof_o caesar_n be_v certify_v by_o crassus_n inasmuch_o as_o he_o be_v then_o a_o great_a way_n distant_a from_o his_o army_n he_o command_v galley_n and_o ship_n of_o war_n to_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o river_n ligâ—ris_fw-la loire_n which_o run_v into_o the_o ocean_n and_o that_o gallie-man_n mariner_n and_o ship-master_n shall_v be_v muster_v in_o
soon_o know_v but_o they_o levy_v great_a force_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o with_o their_o horse_n in_o which_o their_o principal_a strength_n consist_v charge_v upon_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o march_n which_o be_v easy_o repel_v as_o we_o follow_v the_o retreat_n sudden_o the_o infantry_n of_o the_o gall_n show_v itself_o in_o a_o valley_n as_o it_o lay_v in_o ambush_n these_o set_n upon_o the_o roman_n renew_v the_o battle_n and_o there_o the_o fight_n continue_v hot_a a_o long_a time_n the_o sontiate_n be_v animate_v with_o the_o former_a victory_n see_v all_o the_o hope_n of_o aquitanie_n rely_v upon_o their_o virtue_n and_o the_o roman_n on_o the_o other_o side_n desire_v to_o show_v what_o they_o be_v able_a to_o do_v of_o themselves_o without_o their_o grand_a captain_n and_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o a_o young_a soldier_n at_o length_n the_o enemy_n overwage_v with_o prowess_n and_o weary_v with_o wound_n betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n of_o who_o the_o roman_n slay_v a_o great_a number_n and_o then_o march_v direct_o to_o the_o town_n of_o the_o sontiate_n and_o lay_v siege_n unto_o it_o the_o siege_n grow_v hot_a the_o roman_n approach_v the_o wall_n with_o vine_n turret_n and_o mount_v the_o townsman_n defend_v themselves_o sometime_o by_o sally_v out_o sometime_o by_o undermine_v the_o mount_n and_o fortification_n wherein_o the_o aquitani_n be_v very_o skilful_a but_o when_o they_o perceive_v the_o industry_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o exceed_v all_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o do_v they_o entreat_v crassus_n to_o accept_v their_o rendry_n which_o be_v grant_v and_o all_o the_o army_n intend_v the_o delivery_n of_o their_o arm_n adcantuanus_n their_o chief_a magistrate_n flee_v out_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n at_o another_o port_n of_o the_o city_n with_o six_o hundred_o devote_a companion_n who_o they_o call_v soldurii_fw-la who_o manner_n be_v to_o enjoy_v all_o good_a thing_n in_o common_a with_o those_o who_o they_o have_v choose_v for_o their_o friend_n and_o if_o any_o misfortune_n befall_v they_o either_o to_o die_v with_o they_o or_o present_o kill_v themselves_o neither_o be_v it_o ever_o know_v in_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n that_o any_o of_o they_o refuse_v to_o die_v when_o his_o friend_n be_v slay_v but_o as_o they_o attempt_v to_o escape_v the_o soldier_n that_o keep_v that_o part_n of_o the_o fortification_n as_o they_o signify_v his_o evasion_n by_o a_o clamour_n and_o shout_n the_o rest_n betake_v themselves_o to_o arm_n and_o so_o after_o a_o sharp_a conflict_n repel_v he_o again_o into_o the_o town_n where_o he_o desire_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o submissive_a multitude_n which_o be_v grant_v crassus_n have_v take_v hostage_n of_o they_o go_v into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o vocates_n and_o tarusates_n the_o first_o observation_n these_o skilful_a and_o experience_a man_n which_o crassus_n send_v for_o out_o of_o all_o the_o city_n in_o aquitaniâ—_n evocati_fw-la be_v those_o who_o the_o roman_n call_v evocati_fw-la such_o as_o be_v free_a from_o warfare_n and_o exempt_v by_o their_o law_n from_o give_v their_o name_n in_o muster_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o year_n or_o the_o magistracy_n which_o they_o have_v bear_v or_o for_o some_o other_o cause_n which_o give_v they_o that_o privilege_n and_o in_o that_o regard_n be_v send_v for_o by_o letter_n entreat_v their_o assistance_n in_o the_o carriage_n of_o that_o war_n as_o man_n well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o business_n their_o place_n be_v nothing_o inferior_a to_o the_o centurion_n for_o advise_v and_o direction_n although_o they_o have_v no_o part_n in_o command_n or_o authority_n the_o second_o observation_n in_o this_o fight_n we_o may_v further_o observe_v their_o manner_n of_o defence_n against_o mount_n and_o cavaliero_n which_o we_o find_v chief_o to_o be_v mine_n josephus_n in_o the_o jewish_a war_n say_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v raise_v a_o exceed_a high_a mount_n the_o jew_n undermine_v the_o same_o with_o such_o art_n that_o as_o they_o dig_v underneath_o they_o support_v the_o mount_n with_o huge_a prop_n and_o plank_n that_o it_o may_v not_o shrink_v and_o watch_v a_o time_n of_o great_a advantage_n they_o set_v all_o the_o timber-work_n which_o underprop_v the_o mount_n on_o fire_n which_o take_v fire_n with_o the_o help_n of_o brimstone_n and_o pitch_n the_o mount_n fall_v upon_o a_o sudden_a to_o the_o great_a terror_n &_o amazement_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o avaricum_n gall._n we_o find_v how_o the_o gall_n by_o undermine_v do_v take_v the_o earth_n from_o the_o mount_n as_o fast_o as_o it_o be_v carry_v unto_o it_o by_o the_o roman_n and_o so_o keep_v it_o from_o rise_v and_o make_v it_o uneffectual_a but_o if_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n make_v of_o wood_n or_o other_o combustible_a matter_n they_o seek_v then_o by_o all_o mean_n to_o burn_v it_o as_o it_o happen_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o massilia_n and_o oftentimes_o when_o both_o burn_a and_o undermine_v fail_v they_o confront_v it_o with_o another_o mount_n within_o the_o wall_n to_o disappoint_v the_o disadvantage_n by_o equal_a contest_v of_o it_o and_o so_o make_v it_o unprofitable_a concern_v mine_n thus_o much_o may_v i_o say_v without_o prejudice_n to_o that_o art_n that_o the_o chief_a point_n to_o be_v respect_v be_v these_o first_o the_o true_a distance_n to_o a_o design_a place_n which_o be_v best_a get_v by_o instrument_n and_o help_v of_o geometry_n where_o other_o mark_n of_o certainty_n be_v want_v second_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o mine_n that_o we_o may_v not_o err_v in_o our_o course_n which_o the_o compass_n afford_v three_o the_o strengthen_n of_o the_o mine_n with_o timber-work_n if_o need_v require_v last_o the_o countermine_v and_o crosse-meeting_n all_o which_o part_n have_v very_o many_o circumstance_n and_o require_v a_o large_a discourse_n than_o may_v be_v think_v pertinent_a for_o this_o place_n the_o three_o observation_n the_o strange_a contract_n between_o these_o soldurii_fw-la and_o their_o chieftain_n may_v well_o deserve_v a_o place_n among_o these_o observation_n especial_o consider_v the_o obligatory_a condition_n which_o either_o party_n stand_v bind_v to_o observe_v for_o the_o captain_n be_v to_o make_v his_o soldurii_fw-la partaker_n of_o all_o his_o happiness_n in_o this_o life_n in_o regard_n whereof_o they_o be_v to_o take_v â—arâ—_n of_o whatsoever_o ill_a chance_n or_o disaster_n shall_v happen_v to_o befall_v he_o if_o death_n which_o be_v the_o last_o end_n of_o all_o sensual_a misery_n take_v hold_v of_o their_o head_n these_o devote_a be_v tie_v voluntary_o to_o follow_v he_o the_o selfsame_a way_n neither_o in_o any_o memory_n be_v there_o say_v he_o ever_o man_n find_v that_o refuse_v to_o die_v if_o he_o to_o who_o he_o be_v devote_v chance_v to_o be_v slay_v which_o bloody_a league_n of_o amity_n as_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n multiply_v particular_a destiny_n to_o a_o general_a calamity_n so_o be_v it_o dangerous_a in_o a_o wel-ordered_n state_n if_o the_o ringleader_n be_v either_o ambitious_a or_o seek_v to_o practise_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o good_a government_n for_o he_o himself_o will_v presume_v much_o upon_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o soldurii_fw-la and_o they_o on_o the_o other_o side_n must_v needs_o wish_v well_o to_o his_o attempt_n that_o be_v so_o interest_v in_o his_o life_n and_o death_n chap._n x._o the_o gall_n raise_v new_a force_n against_o crassus_n the_o barbarous_a gall_n be_v much_o trouble_v caesar_n that_o a_o town_n of_o that_o strength_n both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n shall_v so_o soon_o be_v take_v and_o therefore_o they_o send_v ambassador_n into_o all_o quarter_n conjure_v one_o with_o another_o confirm_v their_o covenant_n with_o mutual_a hostage_n and_o levy_v what_o power_n they_o be_v able_a to_o make_v send_v for_o aid_v out_o of_o spain_n and_o from_o other_o state_n that_o border_v upon_o aquitanie_n at_o the_o come_n of_o these_o force_n they_o begin_v to_o make_v war_n with_o a_o great_a power_n and_o with_o many_o soldier_n of_o great_a fame_n for_o they_o appoint_v such_o leader_n as_o have_v see_v the_o experience_n of_o sertorius_n his_o war_n and_o be_v great_a in_o the_o opinion_n of_o man_n for_o their_o skill_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o art_n military_a these_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n begin_v to_o take_v place_n of_o advantage_n to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n and_o to_o intercept_v the_o roman_n from_o free_a passage_n of_o convoy_n and_o necessary_a intercourse_n which_o when_o crassus_n perceive_v and_o consider_v withal_o that_o his_o own_o force_n be_v so_o few_o that_o he_o can_v not_o well_o dismember_v they_o upon_o any_o service_n or_o advantage_n and_o that_o the_o enemy_n go_v out_o
prince_n and_o senate_n will_v swear_v faith_n and_o safe_a continuance_n unto_o their_o people_n neither_o will_v they_o require_v more_o than_o three_o day_n to_o negotiate_v this_o business_n caesar_n conceive_v this_o entreaty_n to_o import_v nothing_o else_o then_o the_o return_n of_o their_o horseman_n that_o be_v absent_a in_o pillage_n who_o they_o expect_v within_o three_o day_n notwithstanding_o he_o promise_v they_o to_o march_v but_o four_o mile_n further_o that_o day_n to_o a_o convenient_a watring-place_n and_o bid_v that_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o they_o shall_v come_v thither_o to_o he_o next_o day_n that_o he_o may_v know_v what_o they_o desire_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o send_v to_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o horse_n that_o be_v before_o not_o to_o provoke_v the_o enemy_n to_o fight_v and_o if_o they_o be_v set_v upon_o to_o sustain_v the_o charge_n until_o he_o come_v near_o with_o the_o army_n the_o first_o observation_n first_o we_o may_v observe_v his_o dissemble_n of_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o gall_n with_o the_o german_n and_o the_o encouragement_n which_o he_o give_v they_o in_o a_o faithful_a and_o loyal_a affection_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n when_o he_o himself_o know_v they_o have_v start_v from_o that_o duty_n which_o both_o their_o honour_n and_o a_o good_a respect_n of_o their_o friend_n require_v for_o he_o well_o understand_v that_o his_o presence_n do_v take_v away_o all_o scruple_n of_o any_o further_a motion_n in_o that_o kind_n and_o therefore_o to_o have_v object_v unto_o they_o their_o error_n have_v not_o be_v to_o heal_v but_o to_o discover_v their_o wound_n only_o he_o take_v the_o way_n to_o cut_v off_o their_o hope_n of_o any_o practice_n which_o they_o may_v attempt_v against_o the_o roman_a people_n and_o hold_v they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n in_o the_o appearance_n of_o faithful_a friend_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v discourage_v by_o the_o detection_n of_o their_o revolt_n the_o second_o observation_n second_o upon_o this_o resolution_n that_o there_o be_v no_o league_n to_o be_v make_v with_o the_o german_n if_o they_o continue_v on_o this_o side_n the_o rhine_n we_o may_v observe_v how_o he_o entertain_v a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n with_o such_o consent_n and_o denial_n as_o may_v manifest_v his_o readiness_n to_o further_a what_o he_o make_v show_v of_o and_o not_o weaken_v the_o mean_n of_o his_o best_a advantage_n for_o as_o he_o be_v content_a they_o shall_v take_v a_o quiet_a farewell_n of_o gallia_n and_o plant_v themselves_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o ubii_n so_o be_v he_o loath_a to_o yield_v to_o any_o condition_n which_o may_v disadvantage_n his_o forcible_a constraint_n or_o weaken_v his_o command_n if_o persuasion_n fail_v for_o he_o well_o know_v that_o powerful_a mean_n to_o effect_v that_o which_o he_o require_v will_v further_o the_o course_n of_o a_o peaceable_a conclusion_n and_o carry_v more_o authority_n in_o a_o parley_n than_o any_o other_o motive_n how_o reasonable_a soever_o moreover_o we_o may_v observe_v how_o careful_a he_o be_v not_o to_o impose_v upon_o the_o german_n a_o necessity_n of_o fight_v hostem_fw-la but_o open_v a_o passage_n by_o propound_v unto_o they_o the_o association_n of_o the_o ubii_n by_o which_o they_o may_v avoid_v the_o hazard_n of_o battle_n which_o thing_n be_v always_o observe_v by_o commander_n of_o ancient_a time_n who_o diligent_o search_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n find_v that_o neither_o of_o those_o noble_a instrument_n whereby_o man_n work_v such_o wonder_n i_o mean_v the_o hand_n and_o the_o tongue_n have_v ever_o bring_v so_o many_o excellent_a work_n to_o that_o type_n of_o perfection_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v force_v thereunto_o by_o necessity_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v wise_o to_o handle_v the_o course_n of_o our_o action_n lest_o while_o we_o stand_v too_o strict_a upon_o a_o violent_a guard_n we_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o enemy_n by_o the_o way_n of_o antiperistasis_n to_o redouble_v his_o strength_n and_o so_o furnish_v he_o with_o that_o powerful_a engine_n which_o vetius_n mescius_fw-la call_v ultimum_fw-la and_o maximum_fw-la telum_fw-la the_o last_o and_o great_a weapon_n the_o force_n whereof_o shall_v better_a appear_v by_o these_o example_n some_o few_o of_o the_o samnite_n 9_o contrary_a to_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n between_o they_o and_o the_o roman_n have_v make_v incursion_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o roman_a confederate_n the_o senate_n of_o that_o state_n send_v to_o rome_n to_o excuse_v the_o fact_n and_o to_o make_v offer_n of_o satisfaction_n but_o be_v reject_v claudius_n pontius_n general_n of_o their_o force_n in_o a_o excellent_a oration_n which_o he_o make_v show_v how_o the_o roman_n will_v not_o hearken_v to_o peace_n but_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v revenge_v by_o war_n and_o therefore_o necessity_n constrain_v they_o to_o put_v on_o arm_n justum_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la say_v he_o quibus_fw-la necessarium_fw-la &_o pia_fw-la arma_fw-la quibus_fw-la nulla_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la spes_fw-la est_fw-la that_o war_n be_v just_a which_o be_v necessary_a and_o it_o be_v piety_n in_o those_o man_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n who_o have_v no_o hope_n but_o in_o take_v up_o arm_n the_o issue_n thereof_o be_v that_o the_o samnite_n entrap_v the_o roman_n in_o a_o place_n of_o advantage_n so_o that_o they_o be_v force_v upon_o dishonourable_a term_n to_o save_v their_o life_n as_o it_o be_v at_o large_a in_o the_o nine_o book_n of_o livy_n caius_n manlius_n conduct_v the_o roman_a legion_n against_o the_o veii_n 7._o part_n of_o the_o veian_a army_n have_v enter_v the_o roman_a camp_n which_o manlius_n perceive_v he_o haste_v with_o a_o band_n of_o man_n to_o keep_v the_o breach_n and_o to_o shut_v in_o the_o veii_n which_o they_o no_o soon_o perceive_v but_o they_o fight_v with_o that_o rage_n and_o fury_n that_o they_o slay_v manlius_n and_o have_v overthrow_v the_o whole_a camp_n have_v not_o a_o tribune_n open_v they_o a_o passage_n by_o which_o they_o flee_v away_o in_o like_a manner_n camillus_n the_o wise_a of_o the_o roman_a captain_n be_v enter_v into_o the_o city_n of_o the_o veii_n that_o he_o may_v take_v it_o with_o great_a facility_n and_o disarm_v the_o enemy_n of_o that_o terrible_a weapon_n of_o necessity_n he_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v proclaim_v that_o no_o veian_n shall_v be_v hurt_v that_o be_v find_v unarm_v whereupon_o every_o man_n cast_v away_o his_o weapon_n and_o so_o the_o town_n be_v take_v without_o bloodshed_n let_v a_o soldier_n therefore_o take_v such_o hold_n of_o occasion_n and_o opportunity_n as_o be_v offer_v unto_o he_o that_o in_o time_n of_o battle_n he_o may_v seem_v to_o cast_v necessity_n upon_o his_o own_o cause_n and_o retain_v it_o in_o his_o pay_n consider_v how_o the_o power_n thereof_o alter_v the_o work_n of_o nature_n and_o change_v their_o effect_n into_o contrary_a operation_n be_v never_o subject_a to_o any_o ordinance_n or_o law_n and_o yet_o make_v that_o lawful_a which_o procee_v from_o it_o chap._n four_o the_o german_n contrary_a to_o their_o own_o request_n make_v to_o caesar_n set_v upon_o the_o roman_a horseman_n and_o overthrow_v they_o notwithstanding_o the_o german_n request_n concern_v the_o truce_n caesar_n assoon_o as_o they_o see_v the_o roman_a horseman_n which_o be_v in_o number_n five_o thousand_o whereas_o the_o german_n have_v not_o above_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n those_o that_o go_v over_o the_o mosa_n to_o forage_v not_o be_v yet_o return_v they_o charge_v upon_o the_o roman_n not_o expect_v any_o hostile_a encounter_n inasmuch_o as_o their_o ambassador_n be_v new_o depart_v from_o caesar_n and_o have_v obtain_v that_o day_n of_o truce_n but_o be_v set_v upon_o they_o make_v what_o resistance_n they_o can_v the_o german_n according_a to_o their_o usual_a custom_n for_o sook_v their_o horse_n and_o fight_v on_o foot_n run_v our_o horse_n into_o the_o belly_n and_o overthrow_v many_o of_o our_o man_n so_o that_o they_o easy_o put_v the_o roman_n to_o flight_n who_o never_o look_v back_o until_o they_o come_v into_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o legion_n in_o that_o battle_n be_v slay_v 74_o roman_a horseman_n &_o among_o the_o rest_n piso_n a_o aquitane_n a_o valiant_a man_n and_o bear_v of_o noble_a parentage_n who_o grandfather_n be_v the_o chief_a ruler_n in_o his_o city_n and_o call_v friend_n by_o the_o roman_a senate_n this_o piso_n see_v his_o brother_n compass_v about_o by_o the_o enemy_n break_v in_o upon_o they_o and_o rescue_v he_o but_o have_v his_o horse_n wound_v under_o he_o in_o the_o action_n and_o be_v dismount_v he_o fight_v stout_o on_o foot_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o enemy_n hem_v he_o in_o and_o give_v he_o in_o and_o give_v he_o several_a wound_n then_o he_o fall_v down_o which_o his_o brother_n see_v afar_o off_o for_o he_o have_v
mona_n beside_o many_o other_o small_a land_n of_o which_o some_o write_v that_o in_o wintertime_n for_o thirty_o day_n together_o they_o have_v continual_a night_n whereof_o we_o learn_v nothing_o by_o inquiry_n only_o we_o find_v by_o certain_a measure_n of_o water_n that_o the_o night_n in_o england_n be_v short_a than_o in_o the_o continent_n the_o length_n of_o this_o side_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n contain_v seven_o hundred_o mile_n the_o three_o side_n lie_v to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o open_a sea_n save_v that_o this_o angle_n do_v somewhat_o point_n towards_o germany_n this_o side_n be_v think_v to_o contain_v eight_o hundred_o mile_n and_o so_o the_o whole_a island_n contain_v in_o circuit_n 2000_o mile_n of_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n they_o of_o kent_n be_v most_o courteous_a and_o civil_a all_o their_o country_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o little_o differ_v from_o the_o fashion_n of_o gallia_n most_o of_o the_o inland_n people_n sow_v no_o corn_n but_o live_v with_o milk_n and_o flesh_n clothe_v with_o skin_n &_o have_v their_o face_n paint_v with_o a_o blue_a colour_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v seem_v more_o terrible_a in_o sight_n they_o have_v the_o hair_n of_o their_o head_n long_o have_v all_o other_o part_n of_o their_o body_n shave_v save_v their_o upper_a lip_n their_o wife_n be_v common_a to_o ten_o or_o twelve_o especial_o brethren_n with_o brethren_n &_o parent_n with_o child_n but_o the_o child_n that_o be_v bear_v be_v put_v unto_o they_o unto_o who_o the_o mother_n be_v first_o give_v in_o marriage_n observation_n in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o ancient_a britan_n we_o may_v first_o observe_v their_o pedigree_n according_a to_o the_o heraldry_n of_o that_o time_n wherein_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o in_o those_o age_n the_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n think_v it_o no_o small_a honour_n to_o derive_v their_o descent_n from_o a_o certain_a beginning_n and_o to_o make_v either_o some_o of_o their_o god_n or_o some_o man_n of_o famous_a memory_n the_o father_n of_o that_o progeny_n and_o founder_n of_o their_o state_n that_o so_o they_o may_v promise_v a_o fortunate_a continuance_n to_o their_o government_n be_v first_o lay_v and_o establish_v by_o so_o powerful_a a_o mean_n but_o if_o this_o fail_v they_o then_o brag_v of_o antiquity_n and_o cast_v all_o their_o glory_n upon_o the_o fertility_n of_o their_o soil_n be_v so_o strong_a and_o fruitful_a that_o it_o yield_v of_o itself_o such_o a_o people_n as_o they_o be_v and_o so_o we_o read_v how_o the_o athenian_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v ignorant_a from_o whence_o they_o come_v wear_v a_o oaken_a leaf_n in_o token_n that_o they_o be_v breed_v of_o the_o earth_n where_o they_o dwell_v and_o hereupon_o also_o grow_v the_o controversy_n between_o the_o egyptian_n and_o the_o scythian_n concern_v antiquity_n wherein_o the_o egyptian_n seem_v to_o have_v great_a advantage_n because_o of_o the_o fertility_n and_o heat_n of_o of_o their_o country_n whereas_o the_o scythian_n inhabit_v a_o cold_a climate_n unfruitful_a and_o a_o enemy_n to_o generation_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v the_o britan_n that_o inhabit_v the_o mediterranean_a part_n of_o the_o island_n who_o not_o know_v from_o whence_o they_o come_v nor_o who_o first_o bring_v they_o thither_o satisfy_v themselves_o with_o that_o common_a receive_v opinion_n that_o they_o be_v bear_v and_o breed_v of_o the_o earth_n the_o sea-coast_n be_v possess_v by_o such_o as_o come_v out_o of_o the_o continent_n and_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v as_o a_o memorial_n of_o their_o progenitour_n the_o form_n of_o the_o island_n be_v very_o well_o describe_v and_o measure_v out_o according_a to_o the_o scale_n of_o our_o modern_a geographer_n for_o concern_v the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n between_o the_o eastern_a angle_n of_o kent_n and_o the_o further_a point_n of_o cornwall_n they_o make_v it_o eight_o degree_n which_o in_o a_o manner_n jump_v with_o caesar_n dimensuration_n the_o other_o side_n be_v somewhat_o long_o and_o therefore_o tacitus_n in_o the_o life_n of_o agricola_n compare_v it_o to_o a_o carpenter_n axe_n make_v that_o side_n which_o border_v upon_o france_n to_o resemble_v the_o edge_n and_o the_o other_o two_o side_n to_o incline_v by_o little_a and_o little_a one_o towards_o another_o and_o so_o make_v the_o island_n narrow_a at_o the_o top_n according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o that_o instrument_n he_o set_v down_o the_o whole_a compass_n of_o the_o island_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n who_o by_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o circuit_n do_v usual_o judge_v of_o the_o content_a not_o consider_v that_o the_o area_n of_o every_o figure_n depend_v as_o well_o on_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o angle_n as_o the_o length_n of_o the_o side_n concern_v the_o temperature_n of_o brittany_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o cold_a winter_n in_o france_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o brittany_n have_v ever_o be_v find_v of_o a_o more_o temperate_a constitution_n in_o regard_n of_o sharp_a and_o cold_a winter_n than_o any_o other_o country_n lie_v under_o the_o same_o parallel_n whether_o the_o cause_n thereof_o may_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o continual_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n about_o the_o island_n which_o beget_v heat_n as_o some_o have_v imagine_v or_o to_o the_o site_n thereof_o in_o regard_n of_o other_o continent_n from_o whence_o the_o wind_n always_o rise_v &_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n by_o which_o it_o pass_v &_o so_o the_o island_n have_v no_o other_o continent_n lie_v north_n to_o it_o from_o whence_o the_o wind_n may_v rise_v but_o all_o for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o the_o south_n have_v no_o such_o cold_a wind_n to_o distemper_v it_o as_o other_o part_n of_o germany_n which_o be_v under_o the_o same_o parallel_n but_o the_o southern_a wind_n which_o be_v so_o frequent_a in_o brittany_n temper_v the_o air_n with_o a_o mild_a disposition_n and_o so_o keep_v it_o warm_a or_o whether_o it_o bosom_n other_o unknown_a cause_n our_o philosopher_n rest_v unsatisfied_a but_o as_o touch_v gallia_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o forasmuch_o as_o it_o bear_v more_o to_o the_o south_n than_o this_o island_n do_v the_o air_n thereof_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a heat_n be_v of_o a_o far_o pure_a disposition_n and_o so_o pierce_v more_o than_o this_o grosser_n air_n of_o brittany_n and_o carry_v the_o cold_a further_o into_o the_o pore_n and_o so_o seem_v sharp_a and_o of_o a_o far_o cold_a disposition_n this_o island_n which_o caesar_n name_v mona_n be_v know_v at_o this_o time_n by_o the_o name_n of_o man_n and_o lie_v between_o cumberland_n and_o ireland_n ptolemy_n call_v it_o monaeda_n tacitus_n call_v anglesey_n by_o the_o name_n of_o mona_n peradventure_o from_o the_o nomination_n of_o the_o britan_n who_o call_v it_o tyrmon_n the_o land_n of_o mon._n concern_v those_o place_n where_o the_o night_n continue_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n for_o thirty_o day_n together_o they_o must_v be_v site_v 6._o degree_n beyond_o the_o circle_n arctic_a and_o have_v a_o day_n in_o summer_n of_o like_a continuance_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o astronomy_n in_o that_o he_o find_v the_o night_n in_o brittany_n short_a than_o in_o the_o continent_n we_o must_v understand_v it_o to_o be_v only_o in_o summer_n for_o the_o more_o oblique_a the_o horizon_n be_v the_o more_o uneven_a be_v the_o portion_n of_o the_o diurnal_a circle_n which_o it_o cut_v and_o the_o near_a it_o come_v to_o a_o right_a horizon_n the_o near_a it_o come_v to_o a_o equality_n of_o day_n and_o night_n and_o hence_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o summer_n time_n the_o night_n in_o france_n be_v long_o than_o here_o in_o england_n and_o in_o winter_n short_a the_o like_a we_o must_v understand_v of_o all_o southern_a and_o northern_a country_n to_o conclude_v i_o may_v not_o omit_v the_o civility_n of_o the_o kentish_a man_n and_o their_o courteous_a disposition_n above_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o britan_n which_o must_v be_v impute_v to_o that_o ordinary_a course_n which_o bring_v civility_n unto_o all_o other_o nation_n of_o who_o such_o as_o be_v first_o seat_v in_o their_o possession_n and_o entertain_v society_n be_v the_o first_o that_o bring_v in_o civil_a conversation_n and_o by_o little_a and_o little_o be_v purify_v and_o so_o attain_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o civil_a government_n so_o we_o find_v that_o first_o the_o assyrian_n and_o babylonian_n as_o near_a to_o the_o mountain_n of_o armenia_n where_o the_o ark_n rest_v and_o people_n first_o inhabit_v reduce_v their_o state_n into_o commonweal_n or_o monarchy_n of_o exquisite_a government_n flourish_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o learning_n and_o knowledge_n when_o as_o yet_o other_o country_n lay_v either_o waste_n
year_n whereof_o there_o be_v this_o reason_n that_o if_o any_o state_n neglect_v the_o summons_n and_o refuse_v to_o make_v their_o appearance_n according_a to_o custom_n the_o summer_n time_n come_v on_o give_v good_a mean_n to_o the_o roman_a legion_n to_o punish_v the_o insolency_n of_o such_o a_o contempt_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o this_o place_n to_o the_o senones_n carnutes_n and_o treviri_n who_o absence_n from_o this_o meeting_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n to_o caesar_n of_o their_o rebellion_n and_o deserve_v the_o reward_n of_o open_a revolt_n the_o second_o observation_n the_o second_o thing_n which_o i_o will_v brief_o observe_v in_o this_o chapter_n service_n be_v the_o pardon_n which_o caesar_n willing_o give_v the_o senones_n at_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o hedui_n not_o so_o much_o for_o the_o respect_n he_o bear_v unto_o the_o hedui_n although_o they_o have_v of_o long_a time_n perform_v good_a service_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o be_v find_v more_o faithful_a than_o all_o the_o state_n of_o gallia_n howbeit_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o he_o be_v glad_a of_o that_o occasion_n to_o gratify_v the_o hedui_n but_o as_o a_o master_n in_o that_o faculty_n well_o know_v what_o best_o suit_v with_o the_o public_a profit_n in_o all_o time_n and_o season_n he_o will_v not_o misspend_v the_o summer_n in_o question_n and_o dispute_n concern_v former_a error_n which_o may_v better_o be_v remember_v upon_o other_o occasion_n but_o rather_o in_o prosecute_a war_n against_o other_o special_a revolter_n as_o a_o matter_n more_o behooveful_a to_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o best_a fit_v the_o time_n of_o summer_n for_o in_o follow_v a_o business_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o available_a to_o a_o fortunate_a issue_n then_o to_o be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v of_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o party_n and_o to_o discern_v which_o have_v most_o interest_n in_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o matter_n that_o so_o we_o may_v not_o be_v mistake_v in_o our_o design_n but_o follow_v that_o course_n as_o shall_v most_o advantage_v our_o purpose_n and_o here_o a_o general_n be_v to_o take_v special_a care_n that_o no_o humorous_a respect_n do_v hinder_v that_o resolution_n which_o true_a judgement_n approve_v for_o oftentimes_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o either_o particular_a profit_n delight_v pleasure_n desire_v of_o revenge_n or_o some_o other_o unseasonable_a affection_n do_v so_o entangle_v they_o in_o their_o proceed_n as_o they_o never_o attain_v to_o the_o main_a drift_n of_o the_o action_n and_o this_o be_v call_v stumble_v by_o the_o way_n chap._n iu._n caesar_n intend_v the_o war_n of_o the_o treviri_n this_o part_n of_o gallia_n be_v quiet_v he_o bend_v his_o whole_a mind_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o treviri_n and_o ambiorix_n caesar_n command_v cavarinus_n with_o the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o senones_n to_o go_v along_o with_o he_o lest_o any_o tumult_n shall_v happen_v in_o his_o absence_n either_o through_o his_o discontentment_n or_o the_o malice_n of_o the_o state_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o determine_v forasmuch_o as_o he_o well_o kneâ—_n that_o ambiorix_n will_v not_o come_v to_o blow_n in_o open_a fight_n he_o endeavour_v by_o what_o mean_v he_o can_v to_o understand_v his_o other_o purpose_n the_o menapii_n be_v neighbour-borderer_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o eburones_n enclose_v about_o with_o a_o defence_n of_o bog_n and_o wood_n and_o only_o they_o of_o all_o the_o state_n of_o gallia_n have_v never_o send_v to_o caesar_n touch_v any_o contract_n of_o peace_n of_o they_o ambiorix_n be_v receive_v and_o have_v familiar_a entertainment_n and_o further_o he_o understand_v that_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o treviri_n the_o german_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o contract_n of_o friendship_n with_o he_o also_o these_o help_v he_o think_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v take_v from_o ambiorix_n before_o he_o set_v upon_o he_o with_o open_a war_n lest_o despair_v of_o his_o safety_n he_o shall_v either_o hide_v himself_o among_o the_o menapii_n or_o be_v compel_v to_o fly_v over_o the_o rhine_n to_o the_o german_n in_o this_o resolution_n he_o send_v the_o baggage_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n with_o a_o convoy_n of_o two_o legion_n to_o labienus_n who_o be_v then_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o treviri_n and_o he_o himself_o with_o five_o expedite_a and_o unburthened_a legion_n make_v towards_o the_o menapii_n they_o have_v make_v no_o head_n but_o trust_v to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n â—led_v into_o the_o wood_n and_o bog_n and_o carry_v all_o they_o have_v with_o they_o caesar_n divide_v his_o force_n to_o c._n fabius_n a_o legate_n and_o m._n crassus_n the_o treasurer_n have_v make_v speedy_a provision_n of_o bridge_n do_v set_v upon_o they_o in_o three_o part_n and_o burn_v house_n and_o village_n and_o take_v great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o cattle_n whereby_o the_o menapii_n be_v constrain_v to_o send_v to_o caesar_n for_o peace_n he_o have_v take_v pledge_n of_o they_o assure_v they_o that_o he_o will_v esteem_v they_o as_o enemy_n if_o they_o do_v either_o receive_v ambiorix_n into_o their_o country_n or_o any_o messenger_n from_o he_o the_o matter_n be_v thus_o compound_v he_o leave_v among_o they_o comius_n of_o arras_n with_o certain_a horse_n as_o a_o garrison_n to_o that_o place_n and_o he_o himself_o make_v towards_o the_o treviri_n observation_n hence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o as_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o other_o thing_n for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o special_o in_o matter_n of_o war_n there_o be_v such_o a_o medley_n and_o interlace_n of_o material_a circumstance_n with_o the_o body_n of_o the_o action_n that_o common_o one_o business_n beget_v another_o caesar_n chief_a design_n at_o this_o time_n be_v the_o war_n against_o ambiorix_n and_o the_o treviri_n but_o consider_v the_o contract_n and_o league_n between_o they_o and_o the_o menapii_n he_o will_v not_o prosecute_v the_o war_n of_o the_o treviri_n until_o he_o have_v take_v away_o that_o assistance_n and_o leave_v they_o in_o the_o nakedness_n of_o their_o own_o strength_n wherein_o we_o may_v first_o observe_v what_o opinion_n caesar_n hold_v of_o ally_n and_o associate_n associate_n or_o any_o other_o that_o give_v help_v or_o assistance_n to_o a_o enemy_n for_o beside_o this_o particular_a we_o may_v read_v in_o the_o four_o commentary_n that_o the_o chief_a cause_n that_o move_v he_o to_o take_v the_o voyage_n into_o britain_n be_v for_o that_o the_o britan_n have_v underhand_n give_v succour_n and_o assistance_n to_o the_o gall_n a_o matter_n not_o to_o be_v neglect_v in_o his_o judgement_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o regard_n of_o any_o friendship_n or_o good_a respect_n which_o they_o bear_v unto_o the_o gall_n or_o otherwise_o to_o keep_v the_o roman_n occupy_v there_o that_o they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n may_v live_v quiet_o at_o home_n which_o i_o need_v not_o here_o dispute_v but_o the_o matter_n prove_v itself_o plain_o by_o caesar_n own_o confession_n that_o the_o continual_a supply_n send_v from_o britain_n be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n to_o move_v he_o to_o that_o war_n and_o as_o it_o follow_v in_o this_o commentary_n concern_v the_o self_n same_o matter_n the_o only_a cause_n that_o draw_v he_o to_o pass_v the_o rhine_n the_o second_o time_n into_o germany_n be_v the_o succour_n which_o the_o german_n have_v former_o send_v to_o the_o treviri_n according_a to_o reason_n in_o case_n of_o other_o nature_n that_o he_o that_o will_v extinguish_v a_o lamp_n must_v not_o suffer_v a_o addition_n of_o oil_n nor_o admit_v the_o influence_n of_o lesser_a stream_n when_o he_o go_v about_o to_o dry_v up_o the_o great_a river_n but_o that_o which_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o this_o business_n and_o may_v have_v challenge_v the_o first_o place_n in_o this_o discourse_n be_v for_o that_o caesar_n be_v almost_o assure_v that_o ambiorâ—x_n will_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o trial_n of_o battle_n and_o therefore_o he_o labour_v to_o understand_v his_o other_o project_n from_o whence_o a_o commander_n may_v receive_v direction_n what_o course_n to_o hold_v in_o a_o refusal_n of_o open_a encounter_n for_o as_o the_o art_n and_o sleight_n of_o war_n be_v to_o subdue_v a_o enemy_n so_o be_v there_o more_o way_n and_o mean_n to_o effect_v that_o purpose_n then_o by_o wage_n battle_n as_o i_o have_v discourse_v at_o large_a in_o the_o three_o commentary_n 10._o whereunto_o i_o may_v add_v thus_o much_o which_o be_v general_o observe_v in_o the_o carriage_n of_o great_a and_o eminent_a commander_n that_o such_o as_o fail_v in_o matter_n of_o negotiation_n and_o want_v dexterity_n in_o manage_v the_o course_n of_o their_o business_n notwithstanding_o any_o fortune_n or_o singularity_n in_o strike_v a_o battle_n do_v never_o attain_v to_o firm_a and_o permanent_a honour_n if_o any_o man_n be_v desirous_a to_o descend_v into_o particular_n
and_o thereupon_o divitiacus_n go_v unto_o rome_n to_o seek_v aid_n of_o the_o senate_n but_o return_v without_o effect_v any_o thing_n caesar_n come_v into_o gallia_n bring_v a_o alteration_n of_o these_o thing_n for_o the_o pledge_n be_v restore_v back_o again_o to_o the_o hedui_n and_o their_o old_a follower_n and_o client_n do_v likewise_o return_v to_o their_o protection_n beside_o other_o new_a follower_n which_o by_o caesar_n mean_n do_v cleave_v unto_o they_o for_o they_o see_v that_o those_o which_o enter_v into_o friendship_n with_o they_o be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n and_o more_o fair_o deal_v with_o whereby_o their_o nobleness_n and_o dignity_n be_v so_o amplify_v and_o enlarge_v that_o the_o sequani_n lose_v their_o authority_n who_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n succeed_v and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o world_n take_v notice_n that_o they_o be_v no_o less_o favour_v of_o caesar_n then_o the_o hedui_n such_o as_o by_o reason_n of_o former_a enmity_n can_v not_o endure_v to_o join_v with_o the_o hedui_n put_v themselves_o into_o the_o clientele_n of_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n and_o find_v respective_a protection_n from_o that_o state_n which_o cause_v a_o new_a and_o sudden_a raise_v authority_n of_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n so_o that_o at_o that_o time_n the_o hedui_n go_v far_o beyond_o all_o the_o other_o state_n of_o gallia_n in_o power_n and_o authority_n and_o next_o unto_o they_o be_v the_o man_n of_o rheims_n observation_n faction_n be_v general_o the_o rent_n of_o a_o state_n party_n and_o a_o disjoint_v of_o those_o part_n which_o common_a unity_n have_v knit_v together_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o good_a government_n but_o the_o gall_n maintain_v side_n and_o party_n throughout_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o their_o continent_n and_o find_v it_o necessary_a for_o the_o uphold_v of_o their_o policy_n at_o home_n and_o as_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o course_n of_o these_o war_n rather_o a_o help_n then_o otherwise_o in_o their_o general_a defence_n against_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o former_a benefit_n be_v ground_v upon_o two_o cause_n as_o caesar_n note_v the_o one_o proceed_v from_o the_o oppression_n use_v by_o the_o rich_a and_o mighty_a man_n towards_o the_o poor_a and_o mean_a people_n and_o the_o other_o from_o the_o impatiency_n of_o those_o of_o inferior_a condition_n refuse_v to_o acknowledge_v any_o authority_n or_o preeminency_n at_o all_o rather_o than_o to_o endure_v the_o wrong_n and_o contumely_n of_o the_o mighty_a and_o therefore_o to_o prevent_v the_o licentious_a might_n of_o the_o great_a one_o and_o to_o give_v countenance_n and_o respect_n to_o the_o low_a sort_n these_o faction_n and_o side_n be_v devise_v wherein_o the_o foot_n have_v always_o a_o head_n sensible_a of_o the_o wrong_n which_o be_v do_v unto_o it_o thing_n of_o great_a condition_n be_v always_o injurious_a to_o lesser_a nature_n and_o can_v endure_v any_o competency_n not_o so_o much_o as_o in_o comparison_n or_o by_o way_n of_o relation_n in_o thing_n without_o life_n the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o mountain_n do_v swallow_v up_o the_o lesser_a rise_n of_o the_o down_n and_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o down_n the_o unevenness_n of_o the_o molehill_n the_o star_n be_v dim_v at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o moon_n lose_v both_o her_o light_n and_o her_o beauty_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o among_o bruit_n beast_n and_o fish_n the_o great_a do_v always_o devour_v the_o less_o and_o take_v they_o as_o their_o due_n by_o the_o appointment_n of_o nature_n and_o man_n more_o injurious_a in_o this_o point_n than_o either_o mountain_n or_o brute_n beast_n inasmuch_o as_o they_o do_v always_o overvalue_v themselves_o beyond_o their_o own_o greatness_n have_v in_o all_o age_n verify_v the_o old_a proverb_n homo_fw-la homini_fw-la lupus_fw-la one_o man_n be_v a_o wolf_n to_o another_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n as_o nature_n make_v nothing_o in_o vain_a but_o have_v give_v a_o be_v to_o the_o least_o of_o her_o creature_n so_o do_v they_o endeavour_v not_o to_o be_v annul_v but_o to_o keep_v themselves_o in_o be_v and_o continuance_n habet_fw-la &_o musca_fw-la splenem_fw-la the_o very_a fly_n have_v her_o spleen_n say_v the_o poet_n and_o the_o pismire_n and_o bee_n have_v their_o commonweal_n though_o not_o equal_a to_o a_o monarch_n and_o therefore_o that_o the_o mighty_a and_o great_a man_n of_o gallia_n may_v not_o devour_v the_o low_a of_o the_o people_n but_o that_o every_o man_n may_v stand_v in_o his_o own_o condition_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o rowland_n live_v by_o a_o oliver_n and_o again_o that_o the_o poor_a sort_n may_v give_v as_o a_o tribute_n for_o their_o protection_n that_o respect_n and_o obedience_n to_o their_o superior_n as_o belong_v to_o such_o high_a calling_n these_o faction_n and_o bandy_v be_v ordain_v whereby_o the_o noble_n be_v restrain_v from_o oppress_v the_o poor_a and_o the_o poor_a compel_v to_o obey_v the_o nobility_n which_o be_v the_o best_a end_n that_o may_v be_v make_v of_o any_o faction_n concern_v the_o advantage_n which_o the_o gall_n receive_v by_o these_o faction_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n it_o be_v rather_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o state_n and_o common-weal_n which_o be_v in_o the_o continent_n of_o gallia_n then_o otherwise_o for_o it_o manifest_o appear_v that_o their_o faction_n and_o contention_n for_o sovereign_a authority_n cause_v one_o party_n to_o bring_v in_o ariovistus_n and_o the_o german_n and_o the_o other_o party_n the_o roman_n to_o make_v good_a their_o bandy_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o gallia_n have_v many_o division_n and_o contain_v many_o several_a state_n rely_v chief_o upon_o their_o own_o strength_n and_o esteem_v the_o subversion_n of_o their_o neighbour_n city_n 2._o as_o a_o calamity_n befalling_a their_o neighbour_n from_o which_o the_o rest_n stand_v as_o yet_o free_a it_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o conquer_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v all_o but_o one_o kingdom_n the_o battle_n which_o caesar_n have_v with_o the_o nervij_n which_o be_v fight_v so_o hard_o that_o of_o threescore_o thousand_o man_n there_o be_v leave_v but_o five_o hundred_o nor_o of_o six_o hundred_o senator_n above_o three_o nor_o again_o the_o sell_v of_o three_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o gall_n for_o bondslave_n at_o one_o time_n do_v not_o so_o much_o advantage_v the_o conquest_n of_o gallia_n as_o the_o battle_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o or_o that_o of_o henry_n the_o five_o our_o two_o english_a caesar_n in_o the_o former_a whereof_o be_v slay_v at_o cressie_n thirty_o thousand_o of_o the_o french_a and_o in_o the_o latter_a at_o agincourt_n but_o ten_o thousand_o the_o reason_n be_v for_o that_o the_o former_a loss_n though_o far_o great_a concern_v but_o particular_a state_n whereas_o these_o latter_a overthrow_n extend_v to_o the_o member_n and_o branch_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n chap._n viii_o two_o sort_n of_o man_n in_o gallia_n druid_n and_o equites_fw-la throughout_o all_o gallia_n there_o be_v but_o two_o sort_n of_o man_n that_o be_v of_o any_o reckon_n or_o account_n caesar_n for_o the_o common_a people_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o servant_n and_o of_o no_o worth_n of_o themselves_o nor_o admit_v to_o any_o parliament_n but_o be_v keep_v under_o either_o by_o debt_n or_o by_o great_a tribute_n necis_fw-la or_o by_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o mighty_a do_v put_v themselves_o in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o authority_n which_o the_o master_n have_v over_o his_o bondslave_n of_o these_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o be_v druid_n and_o the_o other_o equites_fw-la or_o gentleman_n the_o druid_n which_o be_v always_o present_a at_o their_o holy_a duty_n do_v give_v order_n for_o their_o public_a and_o private_a sacrifice_n and_o expound_v their_o religion_n to_o the_o druid_n great_a number_n of_o the_o youth_n do_v resort_n for_o learning_n saâ—e_v and_o have_v they_o in_o great_a honour_n and_o reputation_n for_o they_o do_v determine_v almost_o of_o all_o controversy_n both_o public_a and_o private_a for_o if_o any_o offence_n be_v commit_v as_o murder_v or_o manslaughter_n or_o any_o controversy_n arise_v touch_v their_o land_n or_o inheritance_n they_o sentence_v it_o reward_v the_o virtuous_a and_o punish_v the_o wicked_a if_o any_o private_a man_n or_o state_n do_v not_o obey_v their_o decree_n they_o interdâ—d_v he_o from_o holy_a duty_n which_o be_v the_o great_a punishment_n that_o be_v among_o they_o such_o as_o be_v thus_o interdict_v be_v repute_v in_o the_o number_n of_o impious_a and_o wicked_a man_n every_o man_n leave_v their_o company_n and_o do_v avoid_v to_o meet_v they_o or_o speak_v with_o they_o lest_o they_o shall_v receive_v any_o hurt_n by_o their_o contagion_n neither_o have_v they_o law_n or_o justice_n when_o they_o require_v it_o nor_o
congratulation_n of_o they_o that_o have_v escape_v such_o imminent_a danger_n and_o of_o we_o that_o seem_v to_o have_v effect_v such_o great_a matter_n without_o bloodshed_n insomuch_o as_o caesar_n in_o all_o man_n judgement_n reap_v great_a fruit_n of_o his_o accustom_a clemency_n and_o mildness_n and_o his_o counsel_n be_v general_o approve_v of_o by_o all_o man_n the_o observation_n this_o chapter_n contain_v a_o passage_n of_o that_o note_n and_o eminency_n as_o the_o like_a be_v not_o read_v in_o any_o story_n for_o if_o we_o search_v the_o record_n of_o all_o nation_n lucan_n from_o the_o very_a birth_n of_o bellona_n unto_o time_n of_o late_a memory_n it_o will_v no_o where_o else_o appear_v that_o a_o general_n spare_v a_o advantage_n to_o purchase_v a_o victorious_a name_n by_o the_o bloodshed_n and_o ruin_n of_o his_o enemy_n especial_o contrary_a to_o the_o will_n and_o desire_v of_o his_o army_n that_o have_v undergo_v such_o difficulty_n and_o hazard_n to_o give_v a_o end_n to_o that_o war_n contrary_a to_o his_o knowledge_n and_o late_a experience_n of_o the_o mutability_n and_o change_n of_o time_n and_o fortune_n contrary_a to_o the_o sure_a rule_n of_o war_n dolus_fw-la a_o virtus_fw-la quis_fw-la in_o host_n requirit_fw-la valour_n or_o craft_n who_o care_v which_o in_o a_o foe_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n which_o be_v always_o bend_v against_o a_o enemy_n to_o subdue_v he_o this_o be_v the_o fruit_n of_o that_o other_o part_n of_o military_a knowledge_n which_o man_n do_v rather_o admire_v then_o attain_v unto_o no_o less_o concern_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o commander_n gladio_fw-la consilio_fw-la superare_fw-la quam_fw-la gladio_fw-la to_o overcome_v by_o counsel_n and_o good_a direction_n rather_o than_o by_o the_o sword_n and_o be_v a_o main_a step_n to_o raise_v he_o to_o the_o empire_n for_o howsoever_o the_o soldier_n to_o prevent_v further_a labour_n stand_v hard_o for_o blood_n gal._n not_o respect_v that_o of_o the_o funuâ—â—â—_n comic_a omnia_fw-la prius_fw-la experiri_fw-la verbis_fw-la quam_fw-la armis_fw-la sapientem_fw-la decet_fw-la a_o wise_a man_n shall_v try_v all_o fair_a word_n before_o he_o bring_v the_o business_n to_o blow_n yet_o if_o caesar_n have_v be_v so_o injurious_a to_o nature_n niâ—â—tas_fw-la as_o to_o have_v leave_v they_o to_o their_o own_o desire_n and_o suffer_v their_o fury_n to_o have_v violate_v the_o law_n of_o humanity_n more_o than_o be_v requisite_a for_o victory_n they_o will_v afterward_o have_v loathe_v themselves_o and_o curse_a their_o sword_n for_o such_o unseasonable_a execution_n and_o may_v be_v doubt_v will_v have_v revenge_v it_o upon_o his_o head_n before_o the_o time_n come_v to_o strike_v the_o fatal_a stroke_n of_o the_o eversion_n of_o that_o state_n caesar_n esteem_v it_o also_o a_o part_n of_o divine_a power_n to_o save_v man_n by_o troop_n according_a to_o that_o of_o seneca_n 26._o haec_fw-la divina_fw-la potentia_fw-la est_fw-la gregatim_fw-la ac_fw-la publicae_fw-la seruare_fw-la it_o be_v a_o divine_a power_n that_o save_v man_n by_o troop_n and_o all_o at_o once_o and_o therefore_o he_o choose_v rather_o to_o displease_v the_o soldier_n for_o the_o present_a 〈◊〉_d then_o to_o lose_v that_o honour_n which_o attend_v the_o spare_n of_o homebred_a blood_n whereof_o foreign_a enemy_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o capable_a chap._n xxiv_o petreius_n break_v off_o the_o treaty_n and_o new_a swear_v the_o soldier_n to_o the_o party_n afranius_n be_v advertise_v of_o these_o passage_n caesâ—r_n leave_v the_o work_n which_o he_o have_v begin_v and_o withdraw_v himself_o into_o the_o camp_n prepare_v as_o it_o seem_v to_o take_v patient_o whatsoever_o shall_v befall_v he_o but_o petreius_n be_v no_o way_n dismay_v thereat_o for_o have_v arm_v his_o household_n family_n he_o go_v fly_v with_o they_o and_o a_o pratorian_a cohort_n of_o buckler-bearer_n together_o with_o some_o few_o stipendiary_a horse_n of_o the_o barbarous_a people_n who_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o keep_v about_o he_o as_o a_o guard_n to_o his_o person_n and_o come_v sudden_o and_o unlooked_a for_o to_o the_o rampire_n luc._n break_v off_o the_o soldier_n treaty_n thrust_v our_o man_n off_o from_o the_o camp_n kill_v such_o as_o he_o can_v apprehend_v the_o rest_n get_v together_o and_o affright_v at_o the_o suddenness_n of_o the_o danger_n wrap_v their_o coat_n about_o their_o left_a arm_n and_o with_o their_o sword_n draw_v defend_v themselves_o from_o the_o buckler-bearer_n and_o horseman_n and_o trust_v to_o the_o nearness_n and_o propinquity_n of_o their_o camp_n they_o take_v courage_n and_o get_v safe_o thither_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o cohort_n that_o have_v the_o guard_n at_o the_o camp_n gate_n this_o be_v do_v petreius_n weep_v about_o to_o the_o maniple_n call_v the_o soldier_n and_o beseech_v they_o not_o to_o leave_v &_o forsake_v he_o nor_o yet_o pompey_n their_o general_n that_o be_v absent_a nor_o to_o deliver_v they_o over_o to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o their_o adversary_n present_o thereupon_o a_o great_a concourse_n of_o soldier_n be_v about_o the_o praetory_n require_v that_o every_o man_n may_v take_v a_o oath_n not_o to_o abandon_v or_o betray_v the_o army_n or_o their_o general_n nor_o yet_o to_o enter_v into_o private_a consultation_n thereof_o without_o consent_n of_o the_o rest_n he_o himself_o first_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o this_o effect_n and_o cause_v afranius_n to_o take_v the_o same_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o centurion_n follow_v in_o order_n and_o after_o they_o the_o soldier_n be_v bring_v out_o according_a to_o their_o century_n and_o be_v swear_v the_o same_o oath_n they_o cause_v it_o also_o to_o be_v proclaim_v 4._o that_o whosoever_o have_v any_o of_o caesar_n soldier_n shall_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v out_o and_o be_v bring_v forth_o they_o â—lew_v they_o public_o before_o the_o praetorian_a pavilion_n but_o most_o man_n conceal_v such_o as_o be_v with_o they_o and_o in_o the_o night_n time_n send_v they_o out_o over_o the_o rampire_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o terror_n wherewith_o the_o general_n have_v affright_v they_o the_o cruelty_n they_o have_v show_v in_o punishment_n together_o with_o the_o vain_a religion_n of_o the_o new_a oath_n have_v take_v away_o all_o hope_n of_o yield_v for_o the_o present_a and_o quite_o change_v the_o soldier_n mind_n have_v reduce_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o former_a course_n of_o war_n caesar_n for_o his_o part_n 4._o cause_v diligent_a inquiry_n to_o be_v make_v of_o such_o soldier_n as_o come_v into_o his_o camp_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o treaty_n and_o send_v they_o away_o in_o safety_n but_o of_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o centurion_n many_o of_o their_o voluntary_a accord_n remain_v with_o he_o who_o afterward_o he_o hold_v in_o great_a honour_n and_o advance_v the_o centurion_n and_o such_o roman_a knight_n as_o be_v of_o the_o better_a rank_n to_o the_o place_n and_o dignity_n of_o tribune_n the_o afranians_n be_v sore_o lay_v unto_o in_o their_o forage_n and_o water_v likewise_o with_o great_a difficulty_n many_o of_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n have_v store_n of_o corn_n be_v command_v to_o take_v provision_n with_o they_o from_o herda_n for_o twenty_o two_o day_n but_o the_o buckler-bearer_n and_o auxiliary_a force_n have_v none_o at_o all_o have_v but_o small_a mean_n to_o provide_v and_o furnish_v themselves_o and_o their_o body_n not_o be_v use_v to_o carry_v burden_n for_o which_o cause_n a_o great_a number_n flee_v daily_o to_o caesar_n the_o first_o observation_n that_o every_o man_n be_v the_o maker_n of_o his_o own_o fortune_n be_v evident_o see_v in_o the_o several_a carriage_n of_o these_o two_o general_n for_o afranius_n give_v way_n to_o the_o soldier_n treaty_n and_o resolve_v to_o suffer_v whatsoever_o that_o transaction_n shall_v cast_v upon_o he_o but_o petreius_n oppose_v himself_o to_o their_o desire_n raise_v new_a trouble_n have_v further_a design_n and_o another_o fortune_n wherein_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o event_n of_o thing_n rise_v according_a as_o they_o be_v first_o direct_v either_o by_o weak_a or_o strong_a resolution_n it_o better_o suit_v the_o temper_n of_o soldier_n howsoever_o the_o success_n fall_v out_o with_o our_o desire_n rather_o to_o be_v stiff_o in_o what_o he_o wish_v then_o to_o make_v his_o own_o easiness_n the_o ready_a mean_n of_o his_o adversary_n happiness_n the_o second_o observation_n virtue_n at_o all_o time_n have_v have_v this_o privilege_n in_o the_o difference_n and_o degree_n of_o state_n and_o condition_n to_o make_v a_o noble_a man_n word_n equal_a to_o a_o common_a man_n oath_n but_o the_o integrity_n of_o former_a age_n have_v a_o more_o general_a prerogative_n avouch_v every_o man_n promise_n for_o the_o strictness_n a_o oath_n 538._o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o roman_n upon_o their_o inrollment_n for_o a_o war_n give_v but_o their_o promise_n to_o
of_o the_o reason_n hear_v express_v by_o caesar_n which_o be_v the_o true_a motive_n of_o undertake_v a_o siege_n the_o first_o be_v draw_v either_o from_o the_o weakness_n of_o a_o enemy_n or_o as_o he_o be_v daunt_v with_o fear_n or_o overcome_v in_o battle_n for_o have_v thereupon_o no_o confidence_n in_o his_o own_o power_n he_o rest_v himself_o in_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n which_o he_o hold_v and_o possess_v which_o give_v his_o adversary_n occasion_n to_o lay_v siege_n unto_o his_o hold_n and_o either_o to_o force_v they_o or_o shut_v they_o up_o like_o woman_n the_o second_o be_v when_o one_o state_n have_v offer_v injury_n to_o another_o which_o always_o import_v loss_n beyond_o that_o which_o stand_v with_o the_o course_n of_o respect_n former_o hold_v between_o they_o for_o revenge_v whereof_o the_o other_o side_n lay_v siege_n to_o some_o of_o their_o town_n to_o repair_v themselves_o by_o take_v in_o the_o same_o and_o three_o the_o final_a cause_n of_o all_o siege_n be_v to_o keep_v a_o enemy_n from_o victual_n and_o other_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o so_o to_o take_v they_o by_o the_o belly_n when_o they_o can_v take_v they_o by_o the_o ear_n which_o be_v a_o part_n so_o violent_a in_o require_v that_o which_o be_v due_a to_o nature_n as_o it_o have_v make_v the_o father_n and_o the_o son_n fall_v out_o for_o a_o mouse_n as_o it_o happen_v at_o athens_n plâ—taâ—ch_n besiege_v by_o demetrius_n the_o second_o observation_n the_o second_o thing_n worthy_a our_o consideration_n be_v the_o patience_n and_o deportment_n of_o caesar_n soldier_n in_o their_o so_o great_a want_n and_o necessity_n as_o first_o in_o help_v themselves_o with_o this_o root_n call_v chara_n 59_o describe_v by_o dioscorides_n to_o be_v a_o little_a seed_n taste_v somewhat_o like_o anise-seed_n good_a to_o help_v digestion_n and_o have_v such_o a_o root_n as_o a_o caret_fw-la which_o be_v boil_v be_v very_o good_a meat_n and_o be_v the_o same_o which_o our_o 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expense_n by_o their_o ability_n of_o mean_n for_o no_o better_a paâ—ment_n than_o they_o themselves_o will_v have_v take_v the_o excuse_n of_o their_o cook_n for_o put_v too_o much_o salt_n on_o their_o meat_n because_o they_o have_v salt_n enough_o caesar_n punish_v his_o baker_n for_o give_v he_o better_a bread_n than_o his_o soldier_n have_v and_o scipio_n cashier_v a_o couple_n of_o roman_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o carthage_n for_o feast_v a_o friend_n in_o their_o tent_n during_o a_o assault_n which_o austerity_n of_o life_n raise_v the_o roman_n to_o that_o height_n of_o honour_n and_o make_v they_o master_n of_o the_o world_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o western_a ocean_n second_o as_o a_o consequent_a of_o this_o contentment_n we_o may_v note_v their_o resolution_n to_o hold_v on_o their_o course_n of_o siege_n purpose_v rather_o to_o eat_v the_o bark_n of_o tree_n agapâ—tus_fw-la then_o to_o suffer_v pompey_n to_o escape_v their_o hand_n it_o be_v a_o excellent_a point_n in_o a_o general_n to_o keep_v himself_o from_o irresolution_n be_v a_o weakness_n of_o ill_a consequence_n and_o not_o unlike_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o stagger_n variable_a uncertain_a and_o without_o bottom_n or_o bind_v whereas_o constancy_n to_o purpose_n produce_v noble_a and_o worthy_a end_n a_o instance_n whereof_o be_v fabius_n maximus_n who_o notwithstanding_o the_o reproach_n and_o scandal_n cast_v upon_o he_o enn._n continue_v firm_a in_o his_o determination_n to_o the_o save_n of_o his_o country_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o well_o beseem_v a_o leader_n it_o be_v of_o much_o more_o regard_n in_o the_o soldier_n especial_o consider_v that_o of_o xenophon_n non_fw-la facile_fw-la in_o officio_fw-la potest_fw-la mile_n contineri_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la qui_fw-la necessaria_fw-la non_fw-la subministrat_fw-la he_o can_v easy_o keep_v his_o soldier_n in_o obedience_n which_o do_v not_o provide_v they_o necessary_n cyropaed_n for_o as_o the_o same_o author_n observe_v in_o 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as_o the_o sun_n begin_v to_o decline_v come_v daily_o to_o the_o tent_n of_o the_o tribune_n and_o there_o have_v give_v he_o a_o little_a tablet_n wherein_o the_o watchword_n be_v write_v which_o tablet_n they_o call_v tessera_fw-la and_o then_o return_v to_o his_o company_n deliver_v it_o to_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o next_o maniple_n and_o that_o centurion_n to_o the_o next_o and_o so_o in_o order_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a company_n which_o be_v lodge_v next_o unto_o the_o tribune_n and_o by_o the_o centurion_n thereof_o be_v return_v to_o the_o tribune_n before_o sunsetting_a and_o if_o all_o the_o tablet_n be_v bring_v in_o than_o do_v the_o tribune_n know_v the_o word_n be_v give_v to_o all_o if_o any_o want_v they_o make_v inquiry_n and_o by_o the_o note_n of_o inscription_n find_v which_o be_v miss_v they_o punish_v the_o default_n as_o they_o see_v cause_n and_o this_o be_v their_o watchword_n by_o which_o their_o party_n be_v distinguish_v from_o a_o enemy_n and_o in_o likelihood_n for_o polybius_n do_v not_o affirm_v so_o much_o be_v by_o the_o centurion_n give_v to_o such_o of_o his_o maniple_n as_o be_v to_o watch_v that_o night_n their_o night-watche_n be_v thus_o order_v a_o maniple_n or_o company_n be_v always_o appoint_v to_o watch_v at_o the_o general_n pavilion_n the_o treasurer_n have_v three_o watch_n and_o every_o legate_n two_o a_o watch_n consist_v of_o four_o man_n according_a to_o the_o general_a division_n of_o their_o night_n into_o four_o part_n each_o of_o those_o four_o have_v his_o turn_n appoint_v he_o by_o lot_n for_o the_o first_o second_o three_o or_o four_o watch_n and_o the_o rest_n sit_v by_o the_o velite_n keep_v watch_v without_o the_o camp_n and_o the_o decury_n of_o horse_n at_o the_o gate_n beside_o every_o maniple_n have_v private_a watch_n within_o itself_o of_o those_o that_o be_v appoint_v to_o watch_v a_o lieutenant_n of_o each_o maniple_n do_v bring_v to_o the_o tribune_n in_o the_o evening_n such_o as_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o first_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n and_o to_o they_o be_v deliver_v lesser_a tablet_n than_o be_v give_v out_o at_o first_o call_v tesserulae_n appropriate_v to_o every_o particular_a watch_n one_o for_o himself_o and_o three_o other_o for_o his_o fellow_n the_o trust_n of_o giong_a the_o round_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o horseman_n for_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o first_o commander_n of_o horse_n in_o each_o legion_n to_o give_v order_n to_o his_o lieutenant_n to_o appoint_v before_o dinner_n four_o young_a man_n of_o his_o troup_n to_o go_v the_o round_a the_o next_o night_n and_o in_o the_o evening_n to_o acquaint_v the_o next_o commander_n to_o appoint_v rounder_n for_o the_o night_n follow_v these_o horseman_n be_v thus_o appoint_v do_v cast_v lot_n for_o the_o first_o second_o three_o and_o four_o watch_n and_o then_o repair_v to_o the_o tribune_n of_o who_o they_o have_v order_n
of_o they_o go_v out_o far_o off_o to_o get_v wood_n and_o to_o seek_v forage_v other_o rising_z hastily_z have_v leave_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o luggage_n behind_o they_o and_o induce_v by_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o last_o night_n lodging_n leave_v their_o arm_n and_o go_v back_o to_o fetch_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v behind_o insomuch_o as_o caesar_n see_v they_o thus_o scatter_v as_o before_o he_o have_v conceive_v how_o it_o will_v fall_v out_o about_o high_a noon_n give_v warning_n to_o depart_v and_o so_o lead_v out_o his_o army_n and_o double_v that_o day_n journey_n he_o go_v from_o that_o place_n about_o eight_o mile_n which_o pompey_n can_v not_o do_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o absence_n of_o his_o soldier_n the_o next_o day_n caesar_n have_v in_o like_a manner_n send_v his_o carriage_n before_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n set_v forward_o himself_o about_o the_o four_o watch_n that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o sudden_a necessity_n of_o fight_v he_o may_v at_o all_o occasion_n be_v ready_a with_o the_o whole_a army_n the_o like_a he_o do_v the_o day_n follow_v by_o which_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o his_o passage_n over_o great_a river_n and_o by_o difficult_a and_o cumbersome_a way_n he_o receive_v no_o detriment_n or_o loss_n at_o all_o for_o pompey_n be_v stay_v the_o first_o day_n and_o afterward_o strive_v in_o vain_a make_v great_a journey_n and_o yet_o not_o overtake_v we_o the_o four_o day_n give_v over_o follow_v and_o betake_v himself_o to_o another_o resolution_n caesar_n as_o well_o for_o the_o accommodate_v of_o his_o wound_a man_n as_o also_o for_o pay_v the_o army_n re-assuring_a his_o ally_n and_o confederate_n and_o leave_v garrison_n in_o the_o town_n be_v necessary_o to_o go_v to_o apollonia_n but_o he_o give_v no_o long_a time_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o these_o thing_n than_o can_v be_v spare_v by_o he_o that_o make_v haste_n for_o fear_v lest_o domitius_n shall_v be_v engage_v by_o pompey_n arrival_n he_o desire_v to_o make_v towards_o he_o with_o all_o possible_a celerity_n his_o whole_a purpose_n and_o resolution_n insist_v upon_o these_o reason_n that_o if_o pompey_n do_v follow_v after_o he_o he_o shall_v by_o that_o mean_n draw_v he_o from_o the_o seaside_n and_o from_o such_o provision_n of_o war_n as_o he_o have_v store_v up_o at_o dyrrachium_fw-la and_o so_o shall_v compel_v he_o to_o undertake_v the_o war_n upon_o equal_a condition_n if_o he_o go_v over_o into_o italy_n have_v join_v his_o army_n with_o domitius_n he_o will_v go_v to_o succour_n italy_n by_o the_o way_n of_o illyricum_n but_o if_o he_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o besiege_v apollonia_n or_o oricum_n and_o so_o exclude_v he_o from_o all_o the_o sea-coast_n he_o will_v then_o besiege_v scipio_n and_o force_n pompey_n to_o relieve_v he_o and_o therefore_o have_v write_v and_o send_v to_o cn._n domitius_n what_o he_o will_v have_v do_v leave_v four_o cohort_n to_o keep_v apollonia_n one_o at_o lissus_n and_o three_o at_o oricum_n and_o dispose_v such_o as_o be_v weak_a through_o their_o wound_n in_o epirus_n and_o acarnania_n he_o set_v forward_o observation_n confecto_fw-la justo_fw-la itinere_fw-la ejus_fw-la dici_fw-la have_v march_v a_o full_a day_n march_v or_o go_v a_o just_a day_n journey_n say_v the_o story_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o inquire_v how_o far_o this_o just_a day_n journey_n extend_v 14._o lipsius_n say_v it_o be_v twenty_o four_o mile_n allege_v that_o of_o vegetius_n militari_fw-la gradu_fw-la say_v he_o viginti_fw-la millia_fw-la passuum_fw-la horis_fw-la quinque_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la aestivis_fw-la conficienda_fw-la 1_o pleno_fw-la autem_fw-la gradu_fw-la qui_fw-la citatior_fw-la est_fw-la totidem_fw-la horis_fw-la viginti_fw-la quatuor_fw-la a_o soldier_n march_n do_v usual_o rid_v 20_o mile_n in_o five_o summer_n hour_n and_o if_o they_o march_v with_o speed_n 24_o mile_n in_o the_o same_o time_n understanding_n justum_fw-la iter_fw-la a_o just_a journey_n to_o be_v so_o much_o as_o be_v measure_v militari_fw-la gradu_fw-la by_o a_o soldier_n march_n but_o he_o that_o know_v the_o march_v of_o a_o army_n shall_v easy_o perceive_v the_o impossibility_n of_o march_v ordinary_o twenty_o four_o mile_n a_o day_n beside_o this_o place_n do_v plain_o confute_v it_o for_o first_o he_o say_v that_o he_o make_v a_o just_a day_n journey_n &_o then_o again_o rise_v about_o noon_n double_v that_o day_n journey_n and_o go_v eight_o mile_n which_o show_v that_o their_o justum_fw-la iter_fw-la be_v about_o eight_o mile_n and_o so_o suit_v the_o slow_a conveyance_n of_o a_o army_n with_o more_o probability_n than_o that_o of_o lipsius_n chap._n xxvii_o pompey_n haste_v to_o scipio_n domitius_n hear_v of_o the_o overthrow_n pompey_n also_o conjecture_v at_o caesar_n purpose_n caesar_n think_v it_o requisite_a for_o he_o to_o hasten_v to_o scipio_n that_o he_o may_v succour_v he_o if_o caesar_n shall_v chance_v to_o intend_v that_o way_n but_o if_o it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o he_o will_v not_o depart_v from_o the_o seashore_n and_o corcyra_n as_o expect_v the_o legion_n and_o cavalry_n to_o come_v out_o of_o italy_n he_o will_v then_o attack_v domitius_n for_o these_o cause_n both_o of_o they_o make_v haste_n as_o well_o to_o assist_v their_o party_n as_o to_o surprise_v their_o enemy_n if_o occasion_n be_v offer_v but_o caesar_n have_v turn_v out_o of_o the_o way_n to_o go_v to_o apollonia_n whereas_o pompey_n have_v a_o ready_a way_n into_o macedonia_n by_o candavia_n to_o which_o there_o happen_v another_o inconvenience_n that_o domitius_n who_o for_o many_o day_n together_o have_v lodge_v hard_o by_o scipio_n camp_n be_v now_o depart_v from_o thence_o to_o make_v provision_n of_o corn_n unto_o heraclea_n sentica_fw-la which_o be_v subject_a to_o candavia_n as_o though_o fortune_n will_v have_v thrust_v he_o upon_o pompey_n this_o caesar_n be_v at_o that_o time_n ignorant_a of_o moreover_o pompey_n have_v write_v to_o all_o the_o state_n and_o province_n of_o the_o overthrow_n at_o dyrrachium_fw-la in_o far_o great_a term_n than_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v and_o have_v noise_v it_o abroad_o that_o caesar_n be_v beat_v have_v lose_v all_o his_o force_n and_o flee_v away_o which_o report_v make_v the_o wale_n very_o hard_a and_o dangerous_a to_o our_o man_n and_o draw_v many_o state_n from_o caesar_n party_n whereby_o it_o happen_v that_o many_o messenger_n be_v send_v both_o from_o caesar_n to_o domitius_n and_o from_o domitius_n to_o caesar_n be_v force_v to_o turn_v back_o again_o and_o can_v not_o pass_v howbeit_o some_o of_o the_o follower_n of_o roscillus_n and_o aegus_n who_o as_o be_v before_o show_v have_v flee_v unto_o pompey_n meet_v on_o the_o way_n with_o domitius_n discoverer_n whether_o it_o be_v out_o of_o their_o old_a acquaintance_n have_v live_v together_o in_o the_o war_n of_o gallia_n or_o otherwise_o out_o of_o vainglory_n relate_v all_o what_o have_v happen_v not_o omit_v caesar_n departure_n or_o pompey_n come_v whereof_o domitius_n be_v inform_v and_o be_v but_o scarce_o four_o hour_n before_o he_o do_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o enemy_n avoid_v a_o most_o imminent_a danger_n and_o meet_v with_o caesar_n at_o aeginium_n which_o be_v a_o town_n situate_a upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o thessalia_n observation_n joy_n be_v a_o open_n and_o dilate_v motion_n and_o oftentimes_o open_v the_o body_n so_o wide_o as_o it_o let_v out_o the_o soul_n which_o return_v not_o again_o and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o cause_n of_o all_o such_o exsultation_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n spread_v themselves_o further_o than_o be_v requisite_a pompey_n have_v victory_n in_o hope_n 9_o rather_o than_o in_o hand_n boast_v as_o though_o all_o be_v he_o not_o consider_v that_o the_o happiness_n or_o disaster_n of_o humane_a action_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o particular_n rise_v in_o the_o course_n thereof_o which_o be_v variable_a and_o divers_a but_o according_a as_o the_o event_n shall_v censure_v it_o whereupon_o the_o russes_z have_v a_o say_n in_o such_o case_n that_o he_o that_o laugh_v afterward_o laugh_v then_o too_o as_o caesar_n do_v chap._n xxviii_o caesar_n sack_v gomphi_n in_o thessalia_n caesar_n have_v join_v both_o army_n together_o caesar_n come_v to_o gomphi_n which_o be_v the_o first_o town_n of_o thessalia_n by_o the_o way_n lead_v out_o of_o epirus_n these_o people_n a_o few_o day_n before_o have_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n offer_v all_o their_o mean_n and_o ability_n to_o be_v dispose_v at_o his_o pleasure_n require_v also_o a_o garrison_n of_o soldier_n from_o he_o but_o now_o they_o have_v hear_v of_o the_o overthrow_n at_o dyrrachiuml_n which_o be_v make_v so_o great_a and_o so_o prevail_v with_o they_o that_o androsthenes_n praetor_n of_o thessalia_n choose_v rather_o to_o be_v a_o partaker_n of_o pompey_n victory_n than_o a_o companion_n
for_o the_o bad_a beginning_n be_v not_o the_o beginning_n of_o a_o good_a but_o of_o a_o evil_a end_n and_o therefore_o that_o his_o man_n may_v foresee_v a_o happy_a end_n in_o a_o good_a beginning_n it_o behove_v he_o with_o the_o best_a of_o his_o army_n to_o assault_v the_o weak_a part_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o last_o form_n be_v call_v gibbosa_n or_o gibbera_fw-la acies_fw-la when_o the_o battle_n be_v advance_v and_o the_o two_o cornet_n lag_v behind_o this_o form_n do_v hannibal_n use_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n but_o with_o this_o art_n that_o he_o strengthen_v his_o two_o cornet_n with_o the_o best_a of_o his_o soldier_n and_o place_v his_o weak_a in_o the_o midst_n that_o the_o roman_n follow_v the_o retreat_n of_o the_o battle_n which_o be_v easy_o repelld_v may_v be_v enclose_v on_o each_o side_n with_o the_o two_o cornet_n chap._n xx._n the_o battle_n between_o caesar_n and_o ariovistus_n the_o sign_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v thereupon_o give_v caesar_n our_o man_n charge_v upon_o the_o enemy_n very_o fierce_o and_o they_o on_o the_o otherside_n return_v so_o speedy_a a_o counterbuff_n that_o the_o legion_n have_v no_o time_n to_o cast_v their_o pile_n and_o in_o that_o regard_n make_v haste_n to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o sword_n but_o the_o german_n according_a to_o their_o manner_n put_v themselves_o into_o a_o phalanx_n receive_v the_o force_n of_o their_o sword_n in_o the_o battle_n there_o be_v many_o legionary_a soldier_n see_v to_o leap_v upon_o the_o phalanx_n and_o to_o pull_v up_o with_o their_o hand_n the_o target_n that_o cover_v it_o and_o so_o to_o wound_v and_o kill_v those_o that_o be_v underneath_o and_o so_o the_o left_a cornet_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v overthrow_v and_o put_v to_o flight_n now_o while_o the_o right_a cornet_n be_v thus_o busy_v the_o left_a cornet_n be_v overcharge_v with_o a_o unequal_a multitude_n of_o the_o german_n which_o young_a crassus_n the_o general_n of_o the_o horse_n no_o soon_o perceive_v have_v more_o scope_n and_o liberty_n than_o any_o of_o the_o commander_n that_o be_v in_o the_o battle_n but_o he_o send_v tertiam_fw-la aciem_fw-la the_o three_o battle_n to_o rescue_v and_o aid_v their_o fellow_n that_o be_v in_o danger_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o fight_n be_v renew_v and_o all_o the_o enemy_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n and_o never_o look_v back_o until_o they_o come_v to_o the_o rhine_n which_o be_v about_o fifty_o mile_n from_o the_o place_n where_o they_o fight_v where_o some_o few_o of_o they_o save_v themselves_o by_o swim_v other_o find_v some_o boat_n and_o so_o escape_v ariovistus_n light_v upon_o a_o little_a bark_n tie_v to_o the_o shore_n recover_v the_o other_o side_n and_o so_o save_v himself_o the_o rest_n be_v all_o slay_v by_o the_o horseman_n ariovistus_n have_v two_o wife_n one_o a_o swevian_n who_o he_o bring_v with_o he_o from_o home_n and_o the_o other_o of_o norica_n the_o sister_n of_o king_n votion_n send_v unto_o he_o by_o her_o brother_n into_o gallia_n and_o marry_v there_o both_o these_o perish_v in_o that_o fight_n his_o two_o daughter_n likewise_o be_v there_o one_o be_v slay_v and_o the_o other_o take_v as_o caesar_n pursue_v the_o german_a horseman_n it_o be_v his_o chance_n to_o light_v upon_o valerius_n procillus_n as_o he_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o down_o by_o his_o keeper_n bind_v in_o three_o chain_n which_o accident_n be_v as_o grateful_a to_o he_o as_o the_o victory_n itself_o be_v so_o fortunate_a to_o recover_v his_o familiar_a friend_n and_o a_o man_n of_o sort_n in_o the_o province_n who_o the_o barbarous_a enemy_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v cast_v into_o prison_n neither_o will_v fortune_n by_o the_o loss_n of_o he_o abate_v any_o thing_n of_o so_o great_a pleasure_n and_o contentment_n for_o he_o report_v that_o in_o his_o own_o presence_n they_o have_v three_o several_a time_n cast_v lot_n whether_o he_o shall_v be_v burn_v alive_a and_o that_o still_o he_o escape_v by_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o lot_n and_o m._n titius_n be_v find_v in_o like_a manner_n and_o bring_v unto_o he_o the_o same_o of_o this_o battle_n be_v carry_v beyond_o the_o rhine_n the_o swevian_o that_o be_v come_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n return_v home_o again_o who_o the_o inhabitant_n near_o upon_o that_o river_n pursue_v find_v they_o terrify_v and_o distract_v and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o caesar_n have_v thus_o end_v two_o great_a war_n in_o one_o summer_n bring_v his_o army_n into_o their_o winter_v camp_n somewhat_o soon_o than_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n require_v and_o leave_v labienus_n to_o command_v they_o himself_o return_v into_o the_o hither_o gallia_n to_o keep_v court_n and_o public_a diet_n the_o first_o observation_n this_o phalanx_n here_o mention_v can_v hardly_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v the_o right_a macedonian_a phalanx_n but_o we_o be_v rather_o to_o understand_v it_o to_o be_v so_o term_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o close_a and_o compact_a imbattel_v rather_o than_o in_o any_o other_o respect_n and_o it_o resemble_v much_o a_o testudo_fw-la as_o i_o say_v of_o the_o helvetian_a phalanx_n second_o i_o observe_v that_o caesar_n keep_v the_o old_a rule_n concern_v their_o discipline_n in_o fight_n for_o although_o the_o name_n of_o triaries_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o his_o history_n yet_o he_o omit_v not_o the_o substance_n which_o be_v to_o have_v primam_fw-la secundam_fw-la &_o tertiam_fw-la aciem_fw-la and_o that_o prima_fw-la acies_fw-la shall_v begin_v the_o battle_n and_o the_o second_o shall_v come_v fresh_a and_o assist_v they_o or_o peradventure_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v many_o and_o strong_a the_o first_o and_o second_o battle_n be_v join_v together_o and_o so_o charge_v upon_o the_o enemy_n with_o great_a fury_n and_o violence_n but_o at_o all_o adventure_n the_o three_o battle_n be_v ever_o in_o subsidio_fw-la as_o they_o term_v it_o to_o succour_v any_o part_n that_o shall_v be_v overcharge_v which_o be_v a_o thing_n of_o much_o consequence_n and_o of_o great_a wisdom_n for_o if_o we_o either_o respect_v the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o soldier_n or_o the_o casualty_n of_o fortune_n what_o can_v be_v more_o add_v to_o their_o discipline_n in_o this_o behalf_n then_o to_o have_v a_o second_o and_o a_o three_o succour_n to_o give_v strength_n to_o the_o faint_a weakness_n of_o their_o man_n and_o to_o repair_v the_o disadvantage_n which_o any_o accident_n shall_v cast_v upon_o they_o or_o if_o their_o valour_n be_v equal_o balance_v and_o victory_n stand_v doubtful_a which_o of_o the_o two_o party_n she_o shall_v honour_v these_o always_o step_v in_o be_v fresh_a against_o weary_a and_o over-laboured_n spirit_n and_o so_o draw_v victory_n in_o despite_n of_o casualty_n unto_o themselves_o the_o second_o observation_n concern_v use_n of_o lot_n lot_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o look_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o be_v in_o former_a time_n so_o general_a that_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n civil_a or_o barbarous_a but_o be_v direct_v in_o their_o great_a affair_n by_o the_o sentence_n of_o lot_n as_o we_o may_v not_o refuse_v for_o a_o undoubted_a truth_n that_o which_o solomon_n say_v in_o the_o sixteen_o of_o proverb_n the_o lot_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o lap_n but_o the_o direction_n thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n through_o the_o knowledge_n whereof_o josua_n be_v direct_v to_o take_v achan_n the_o mariner_n ionas_n and_o the_o apostle_n to_o consecrate_v mathias_n so_o whether_o the_o heathen_a and_o barbarous_a people_n who_o blindness_n in_o the_o way_n of_o truth_n can_v direct_v they_o no_o further_o then_o to_o senseless_a superstition_n and_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o a_o duty_n which_o they_o owe_v but_o can_v not_o tell_v they_o what_o it_o be_v nor_o how_o to_o be_v perform_v whether_o these_o i_o say_v be_v persuade_v that_o there_o be_v any_o supernatural_a power_n in_o their_o lottery_n which_o direct_v the_o action_n to_o the_o decree_n of_o destiny_n and_o as_o the_o god_n will_v have_v it_o it_o remain_v doubtful_a aristotle_n the_o wise_a of_o the_o heathen_a concern_v thing_n natural_a name_v that_o event_n casual_a or_o proceed_v from_o fortune_n of_o which_o the_o reason_n of_o man_n can_v assign_v no_o cause_n or_o as_o he_o say_v which_o have_v no_o cause_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o happen_v in_o any_o action_n beside_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o workman_n be_v term_v a_o effect_n of_o fortune_n or_o chance_n of_o hab-nab_n for_o all_o other_o effect_n which_o depend_v upon_o a_o certainty_n and_o definite_a cause_n be_v necessary_o produce_v and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v casual_a or_o subject_n to_o the_o inconstancy_n of_o chance_n and_o because_o many_o and_o sundry_a such_o chance_n daily_o happen_v which_o like_o terrae_fw-la silij_fw-la
have_v no_o father_n and_o can_v not_o be_v warrant_v as_o lawful_a child_n either_o to_o nature_n or_o to_o reason_n by_o the_o appearance_n of_o a_o efficient_a cause_n they_o reduce_v they_o all_o to_o the_o power_n of_o fortune_n as_o the_o principal_a efficient_a and_o sovereign_a motor_n of_o all_o such_o unexpected_a event_n that_o be_v they_o make_v nothing_o else_o the_o governess_n and_o directress_n of_o many_o thing_n which_o afterward_o grow_v to_o such_o credit_n among_o man_n that_o it_o surpass_v in_o dignity_n all_o natural_a cause_n and_o be_v deify_v with_o celestial_a honour_n as_o the_o poet_n say_v te_fw-la nos_fw-la facimus_fw-la fortuna_fw-la deam_fw-la coeloque_fw-la locamus_fw-la by_o the_o providence_n of_o this_o blind_a goddess_n which_o hold_v her_o deity_n by_o the_o tenure_n of_o man_n ignorance_n be_v all_o causuall_a action_n direct_v and_o especial_o lot_n the_o event_n whereof_o depend_v only_o upon_o her_o pleasure_n and_o decree_n neither_o can_v their_o direction_n be_v assign_v to_o any_o other_o power_n for_o than_o their_o nature_n have_v be_v alter_v from_o chance_n to_o certainty_n and_o the_o event_n can_v not_o have_v be_v call_v sors_z but_o must_v have_v be_v repute_v in_o the_o order_n of_o necessary_a effect_n whereof_o discourse_n of_o reason_n acknowledge_v a_o certain_a forego_n cause_n whereby_o we_o see_v upon_o how_o weak_a a_o axletree_n the_o great_a motion_n of_o the_o goodlesse_a world_n be_v turn_v have_v irregularity_n and_o uncertainty_n for_o the_o intelligentiae_fw-la that_o govern_v their_o revolution_n and_o herein_o all_o sort_n of_o man_n although_o in_o divers_a respect_n rest_v as_o well_o content_v as_o if_o a_o oracle_n have_v speak_v unto_o they_o and_o reveal_v the_o mystery_n of_o fatal_a destiny_n rome_n direct_v the_o main_a course_n of_o her_o government_n by_o the_o fortune_n of_o this_o mock-destiny_n for_o although_o their_o consul_n and_o tribune_n be_v elect_v by_o the_o people_n who_o please_v their_o own_o fancy_n with_o the_o free_a choice_n of_o their_o commander_n and_o suit_v their_o obedience_n with_o a_o well-liking_a authority_n yet_o the_o public_a affair_n which_o each_o consul_n be_v several_o to_o manage_v be_v share_v out_o by_o lot_n for_o if_o a_o enemy_n be_v enter_v into_o their_o confine_n to_o depopulate_v and_o waste_v their_o territory_n the_o lot_n assign_v this_o consul_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o other_o to_o command_v the_o legion_n and_o to_o manage_v the_o war_n if_o force_n be_v to_o be_v send_v into_o divers_a province_n and_o against_o several_a enemy_n neither_o the_o senate_n nor_o the_o people_n can_v give_v to_o either_o consul_n his_o task_n but_o their_o peculiar_a charge_n be_v authorise_v by_o lot_n if_o any_o extraordinary_a action_n be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o city_n as_o the_o dedication_n of_o a_o temple_n the_o sanctify_a of_o the_o capitol_n after_o a_o pollution_n sors_z omne_fw-la 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