medium_fw-la of_o demonstration_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o respect_n to_o the_o question_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v so_o be_v the_o principle_n or_o premise_n to_o the_o conclusion_n wherefore_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o affection_n so_o the_o principle_n be_v the_o cause_n not_o only_o why_o the_o conclusion_n be_v know_v for_o in_o this_o sense_n the_o principle_n be_v the_o cause_n even_o in_o all_o syllogism_n but_o also_o why_o they_o be_v true_a and_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v before_o the_o affection_n not_o in_o time_n but_o nature_n so_o also_o the_o principle_n obtain_v a_o verity_n not_o in_o time_n but_o nature_n prior_n to_o that_o of_o the_o conclusion_n last_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v more_o know_v than_o the_o affection_n not_o as_o to_o we_o and_o in_o way_n of_o confuse_a knowledge_n but_o of_o nature_n and_o distinct_a cognition_n so_o also_o the_o principle_n be_v more_o know_v than_o the_o conclusion_n for_o because_o we_o embrace_v the_o conclusion_n with_o a_o full_a assent_n of_o the_o mind_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o principle_n we_o must_v assent_v more_o to_o the_o principle_n themselves_o of_o necessity_n because_o that_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o which_o any_o thing_n be_v such_o that_o itself_o be_v more_o such_o as_o aristotle_n teach_v book_n 1._o post_n cap._n 2._o etc._n etc._n ax._n 7._o now_o when_o the_o principle_n have_v all_o these_o condition_n they_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v ax._n 8._o principle_n be_v say_v to_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v when_o they_o be_v neither_o heterogeneous_a or_o foreign_a nor_o yet_o common_a 1._o §_o now_o principle_n be_v say_v to_o be_v heterogeneous_a then_o when_o they_o be_v fetch_v from_o some_o other_o science_n as_o if_o one_o for_o the_o prove_v of_o physical_a question_n shall_v make_v use_n of_o mathematical_a principle_n or_o geometrical_a arithmetical_a but_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o demonstrater_n to_o pass_v from_o one_o science_n to_o another_o to_o wit_n because_o the_o medium_fw-la with_o the_o three_o that_o be_v the_o subject_a and_o the_o first_o that_o be_v the_o predicate_a with_o the_o medium_fw-la ought_v to_o agree_v by_o itself_o as_o be_v teach_v cap._n 6._o of_o the_o same_o book_n which_o can_v be_v if_o the_o the_o conclusion_n and_o principle_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la or_o subject_a that_o be_v of_o the_o same_o science_n for_o that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o science_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la or_o subject_a as_o appear_v from_o cap._n 28._o of_o the_o same_o book_n 2._o §_o if_o yet_o one_o science_n be_v subalternate_a to_o another_o as_o music_n to_o arithmetic_n or_o optic_n to_o geometry_n the_o question_n of_o the_o inferior_a be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o superior_a science_n nor_o be_v this_o a_o pass_v to_o another_o genus_fw-la because_o the_o subalternated_a science_n have_v in_o some_o manner_n the_o same_o subject_a with_o the_o superior_a and_o so_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v divers_a science_n i_o say_v in_o some_o manner_n because_o the_o subalternated_a science_n consider_v the_o subject_a of_o the_o superior_a with_o some_o sensible_a quality_n which_o yet_o appertain_v not_o to_o the_o formal_a ratio_fw-la of_o the_o subject_a from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o affection_n of_o both_o be_v diverse_a though_o in_o the_o rest_n they_o consent_v so_o arithmetic_n consider_v number_n absolute_o music_n which_o be_v subalternate_v to_o it_o only_o in_o â—ound_n so_o geometry_n consider_v magnitude_n absolute_o the_o optic_n or_o science_n discuss_v the_o reason_n of_o sight_n which_o be_v subalternate_a or_o inferior_a to_o it_o only_o in_o colour_n light_n and_o shadow_n see_v cap._n 7._o of_o the_o forecited_n book_n 3._o §_o the_o principle_n common_a be_v those_o which_o may_v be_v accommodate_v to_o many_o science_n such_o principle_n as_o these_o generate_v not_o science_n because_o they_o contain_v a_o medium_fw-la which_o coheres_fw-la not_o with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o question_n by_o itself_o but_o accident_n but_o it_o be_v then_o that_o we_o know_v a_o thing_n true_o when_o we_o know_v it_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o subject_a and_o that_o from_o principle_n which_o be_v such_o as_o it_o be_v that_o which_o it_o be_v as_o aristotle_n speak_v cap_n 9_o of_o the_o same_o book_n but_o that_o which_o we_o know_v from_o common_a reason_n we_o know_v only_o by_o accident_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v not_o yet_o to_o be_v think_v that_o the_o principle_n of_o science_n be_v common_a which_o when_o of_o the_o superior_a be_v adhibit_v to_o the_o inferior_a science_n because_o the_o science_n subalternate_a as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o be_v not_o esteem_v diverse_a from_o the_o subalternate_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 9_o now_o principle_n be_v divide_v into_o axiom_n and_o thesis_n ax._n 10._o and_o a_o axiom_n be_v that_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o know_v only_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n no_o person_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o ax._n 11._o a_o thesis_n who_o truth_n be_v not_o know_v by_o the_o mere_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n only_o but_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o sense_n or_o some_o other_o way_n of_o declaration_n ax._n 12._o and_o this_o be_v either_o definition_n or_o hypothesis_n ax._n 13._o a_o definition_n be_v a_o oration_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v before_o in_o which_o we_o declare_v what_o a_o thing_n be_v a_o hypothesis_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o be_v or_o no_o etc._n etc._n this_o division_n of_o the_o principle_n be_v fetch_v from_o book_n 1._o post_n cap._n 2._o and_o 10._o whence_o axiom_n be_v so_o call_v be_v declare_v book_n 1_o of_o the_o institution_n cap._n 27._o the_o word_n thesis_n be_v sometime_o take_v for_o any_o proposition_n which_o be_v propose_v pro_fw-la and_o con_n to_o be_v dispute_v of_o as_o book_n 8._o top._n cap._n 4._o and_o 5._o and_o sometime_o for_o a_o sentence_n paradoxal_a of_o some_o eminent_a philosopher_n as_o book_n 1_o top._n cap._n 1._o in_o rhetoric_n it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o infinite_a question_n but_o here_o for_o a_o kind_n of_o proposition_n immediate_n now_o 2._o §_o aristotle_n cap._n 10._o of_o the_o forecited_n book_n define_v a_o axiom_n in_o this_o manner_n viz._n to_o be_v that_o which_o of_o necessity_n be_v true_a of_o itself_o and_o of_o the_o like_a necessity_n must_v seem_v so_o of_o necessity_n true_a that_o be_v worthy_a of_o it_o self_n of_o our_o belief_n or_o that_o that_o have_v no_o cause_n of_o its_o truth_n by_o which_o to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o this_o be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o well_o thesis_n as_o axiom_n add_v of_o necessity_n must_v seem_v so_o that_o be_v by_o a_o person_n of_o complete_a reason_n it_o can_v serious_o and_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o mind_n be_v deny_v for_o a_o person_n perchance_o may_v deny_v a_o axiom_n rather_o than_o confess_v himself_o to_o be_v overcome_v but_o no_o one_o can_v be_v find_v who_o suppose_v he_o of_o a_o complete_a reason_n can_v deny_v it_o in_o his_o soul_n and_o mind_n for_o example_n such_o enunciation_n as_o these_o nothing_o can_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v and_o also_o not_o be_v the_o whole_a be_v great_a than_o its_o part_n those_o thing_n that_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o same_o those_o also_o will_v be_v equal_a among_o themselves_o if_o from_o equal_a thing_n you_o take_v away_o equal_a those_o thing_n which_o remain_v will_v be_v equal_a too_o etc._n etc._n the_o evidence_n of_o which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o know_v only_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n by_o which_o they_o be_v express_v the_o truth_n of_o they_o can_v but_o be_v apparent_a for_o he_o who_o know_v what_o signify_v a_o whole_a and_o what_o a_o part_n and_o what_o to_o be_v great_a can_v be_v ignorant_a that_o a_o whole_a be_v great_a than_o a_o part_n etc._n etc._n 3._o §_o and_o in_o this_o respect_n differ_v axiom_n from_o thesis_n for_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thesis_n beside_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n be_v require_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o sense_n and_o sometime_o the_o declaration_n of_o a_o master_n of_o definition_n example_n may_v be_v take_v out_o of_o every_o discipline_n as_o for_o instance_n physic_n as_o a_o body_n natural_a be_v that_o which_o consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n principle_n be_v those_o which_o be_v neither_o make_v out_o of_o themselves_o nor_o other_o and_o out_o of_o which_o be_v make_v all_o thing_n nature_n be_v the_o principle_n and_o cause_n of_o motion_n and_o quiet_a in_o that_o in_o which_o it_o be_v first_o by_o its_o self_n and_o not_o by_o accident_n etc._n etc._n geometry_n as_o that_o
man_n differ_v from_o another_o because_o one_o sit_v the_o other_o stand_v one_o be_v silent_a the_o other_o speak_v or_o from_o itself_o so_o hector_n seem_v to_o aencas_n when_o he_o appear_v to_o he_o in_o a_o dream_n to_o differ_v from_o that_o hector_n who_o return_v clad_v with_o the_o spoil_n of_o achilles_n difference_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v that_o by_o which_o one_o thing_n differ_v from_o another_o by_o a_o inseparable_a accident_n or_o propriety_n as_o a_o crow_n from_o a_o swan_n because_o this_o be_v white_a that_o black_a both_o of_o these_o difference_n be_v accidental_a the_o difference_n most_o proper_a with_o porphyry_n be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v essential_a as_o when_o a_o man_n because_o endue_v with_o reason_n be_v say_v to_o differ_v from_o brute_n beast_n 2._o §_o every_o difference_n say_v porphyry_n adjoin_v to_o any_o thing_n else_o make_v it_o to_o be_v other_o than_o it_o be_v accidental_a that_o it_o be_v dislike_n or_o other_o way_n affect_v essential_a that_o it_o be_v quite_o different_a whence_o by_o the_o greek_n they_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v specific_a ax._n 5._o the_o office_n of_o essential_a difference_n be_v two_o to_o divide_v the_o genus_fw-la and_o constitute_v the_o species_n 1._o §_o as_o it_o divide_v the_o genus_fw-la it_o be_v call_v divisive_a as_o it_o constitute_v the_o species_n constitutive_a or_o completive_a because_o it_o complete_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o species_n when_o it_o be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o genus_fw-la difference_n therefore_o divisive_a and_o constitutive_a be_v not_o two_o diverse_a difference_n but_o office_n of_o the_o same_o difference_n the_o high_a genus_n have_v no_o constitutive_a difference_n because_o first_o and_o immediate_o diverse_a and_o the_o low_a species_n have_v no_o divisive_a because_o individual_n agree_v in_o their_o whole_a essence_n but_o accidental_a difference_n belong_v to_o the_o follow_a predicable_n only_o essential_a to_o this_o place_n and_o be_v so_o define_v ax._n 6._o difference_n be_v that_o which_o be_v predicate_v essential_o of_o many_o thing_n different_a whether_o in_o number_n or_o species_n in_o the_o question_n in_o which_o it_o be_v ask_v of_o what_o quality_n a_o thing_n be_v 1._o §_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o low_a species_n be_v predicate_v of_o many_o thing_n different_a in_o number_n as_o rational_a of_o plato_n and_o socrates_n etc._n etc._n those_o of_o species_n subaltern_n in_o species_n as_o to_o be_v endue_v with_o sense_n of_o man_n and_o beast_n difference_n be_v say_v to_o be_v predicate_v in_o the_o question_n in_o which_o it_o be_v ask_v of_o what_o quality_n a_o thing_n be_v because_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a quality_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la for_o genus_fw-la be_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n indetermine_v be_v determine_v and_o as_o one_o may_v say_v qualify_v by_o difference_n for_o to_o one_o ask_v what_o sort_n of_o animal_n be_v man_n it_o be_v apt_o answer_v a_o rational_a difference_n be_v say_v to_o be_v essential_o predicate_v because_o put_v in_o the_o definition_n of_o species_n and_o predicate_v synonymous_o of_o it_o that_o be_v as_o to_o name_n and_o definition_n and_o therein_o be_v difference_n distinguish_v from_o propriety_n and_o accident_n chap._n xiii_o of_o property_n and_o accident_n ax._n 1_o proper_a be_v that_o which_o declare_v not_o what_o a_o thing_n be_v and_o yet_o be_v only_o in_o it_o and_o reciprocate_v with_o it_o commentary_n 1._o §_o a_o thing_n be_v say_v by_o porphyry_n to_o be_v proper_a four_o way_n first_o that_o which_o agree_v and_o convene_v to_o one_o only_a species_n and_o not_o to_o all_o its_o individual_n so_o it_o agree_v to_o man_n to_o be_v musical_a second_o that_o which_o convene_v to_o all_o the_o individual_n of_o any_o one_o species_n but_o not_o to_o it_o only_o and_o so_o it_o agree_v to_o man_n to_o be_v two-footed_n three_o that_o which_o agree_v to_o one_o only_a species_n and_o all_o its_o individual_n but_o not_o always_o so_o it_o agree_v to_o man_n to_o laugh_v four_o that_o which_o belong_v only_o to_o one_o species_n and_o all_o its_o individual_n and_o always_o and_o so_o it_o agree_v to_o man_n to_o be_v risible_a or_o a_o laugh_a creature_n 2._o §_o the_o four_o of_o these_o property_n porphyry_n call_v proper_o proper_a for_o the_o rest_n say_v he_o be_v only_o proper_a in_o some_o respect_n and_o for_o some_o time_n 3._o §_o this_o definition_n of_o property_n be_v extant_a in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o topic_n cap._n 5._o property_n say_v he_o do_v not_o declare_v what_o a_o thing_n be_v that_o be_v they_o be_v not_o contain_v in_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_a but_o follow_v it_o reciprocate_v with_o that_o in_o which_o alone_o they_o be_v that_o be_v with_o the_o first_o and_o proximate_a subject_n not_o those_o contain_v under_o that_o proximate_a subject_n for_o of_o property_n some_o be_v of_o genus_n other_o species_n the_o property_n of_o genus_n with_o genus_n not_o species_n and_o those_o of_o species_n with_o species_n not_o individual_n be_v to_o be_v confer_v and_o reciprocate_v so_o to_o be_v of_o quantity_n be_v reciprocate_v with_o natural_a body_n and_o not_o the_o heaven_n or_o element_n or_o stone_n and_o risibility_n be_v to_o be_v reciprocate_v with_o man_n not_o socrates_n or_o plato_n when_o the_o property_n then_o of_o the_o genus_fw-la be_v predicate_v of_o the_o species_n as_o when_o the_o heaven_n be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o quantity_n or_o the_o property_n of_o the_o species_n with_o the_o individual_a as_o when_o plato_n be_v say_v to_o be_v risible_a the_o predication_n be_v not_o of_o the_o accident_n of_o the_o subject_a nor_o yet_o the_o property_n for_o the_o number_n of_o predicable_a arise_v from_o a_o comparison_n of_o the_o predicate_v with_o the_o proximate_a subject_n for_o those_o compare_v with_o the_o remote_a be_v not_o of_o this_o place_n as_o have_v be_v beforesaid_a ax._n 2._o property_n either_o flow_n from_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_a or_o from_o external_n cause_n 1._o §_o propers_n either_o flow_v immediate_o from_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_a as_o risibility_n from_o the_o rational_a soul_n quantity_n from_o the_o essence_n of_o natural_a body_n or_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o some_o other_o property_n so_o to_o be_v in_o a_o place_n flow_v from_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o body_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o quantity_n but_o now_o a_o eclipse_n which_o be_v the_o property_n of_o the_o moon_n flow_v not_o from_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o from_o a_o external_n cause_n to_o wit_n the_o interposition_n of_o the_o earth_n between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n these_o be_v not_o absolute_o proper_a but_o only_o from_o supposition_n of_o some_o external_n cause_n which_o cause_n yet_o be_v in_o be_v they_o be_v no_o less_o necessary_o in_o their_o subject_n than_o the_o other_o ax._n 3_o property_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v so_o necessary_o in_o it_o that_o they_o can_v be_v separate_a from_o it_o so_o much_o as_o in_o thought_n 1._o §_o so_o that_o he_o will_v be_v guilty_a of_o a_o contradiction_n that_o shall_v say_v or_o think_v that_o the_o property_n be_v absent_a from_o it_o for_o whosoever_o say_v or_o think_v a_o body_n be_v not_o quantity_n or_o that_o the_o fire_n be_v not_o hot_a say_v or_o think_v as_o much_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v or_o think_v a_o body_n be_v not_o a_o body_n or_o a_o fire_n a_o fire_n ax._n 4._o property_n can_v be_v communicate_v to_o subject_n of_o different_a species_n 1._o §_o let_v no_o body_n call_v that_o a_o property_n say_v aristotle_n book_n 4._o of_o the_o topic_n cap._n 5._o which_o may_v be_v in_o another_o for_o since_o property_n flow_v from_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_a if_o property_n shall_v be_v communicate_v of_o necessity_n also_o the_o essence_n will_v be_v communicate_v for_o if_o risibility_n or_o rationability_n can_v be_v communicate_v to_o a_o horse_n a_o horse_n will_v be_v a_o man_n if_o quantity_n to_o a_o spirit_n a_o spirit_n will_v be_v a_o body_n and_o if_o to_o be_v every_o where_o to_o a_o creature_n a_o creature_n will_v be_v god_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 5._o as_o property_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v to_o their_o absolute_a subject_n so_o be_v property_n also_o which_o flow_v from_o a_o external_n cause_n to_o they_o the_o cause_n be_v put_v 1._o §_o so_o although_o the_o moon_n do_v not_o always_o suffer_v a_o eclipse_n yet_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v interpose_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n it_o be_v as_o necessary_a it_o shall_v suffer_v a_o eclipse_n as_o that_o a_o body_n shall_v be_v a_o quantity_n or_o that_o the_o fire_n shall_v be_v hot_a etc._n etc._n
similitude_n accident_n in_o the_o concrete_a as_o just_o white_a etc._n etc._n in_o which_o the_o subject_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o matter_n accident_n in_o the_o abstract_n be_v the_o form_n in_o which_o number_n also_o be_v work_n perform_v by_o art_n of_o this_o place_n also_o be_v those_o thing_n in_o which_o be_v distinguish_v material_a and_o formal_a or_o in_o which_o there_o be_v something_o analogous_a to_o matter_n and_o form_n so_o the_o matter_n of_o discipline_n be_v precept_n the_o form_n method_n of_o interpretation_n voice_n the_o form_n signification_n this_o whole_a use_n to_o be_v call_v physical_a because_o physics_n vindicate_v to_o themselves_o the_o consideration_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n vulgar_o it_o be_v call_v essential_a ax._n 12._o a_o integral_a whole_a be_v that_o which_o have_v part_n out_o of_o part._n 1._o §_o now_o essential_a part_n be_v real_o different_a for_o matter_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o form_n another_o but_o yet_o one_o part_n be_v not_o out_o of_o another_o for_o matter_n permeate_n matter_n and_o inform_v all_o its_o part_n but_o part_n integral_a because_o each_o be_v endue_v with_o his_o proper_a quantity_n not_o only_o differ_v in_o themselves_o but_o also_o site_n or_o at_o least_o order_n so_o that_o one_o be_v not_o contain_v in_o another_o for_o this_o it_o be_v to_o have_v part_n out_o of_o part._n for_o example_n the_o part_n of_o the_o human_a body_n be_v head_n breast_n belly_n limb_n of_o the_o which_o one_o contain_v not_o another_o so_o the_o part_n of_o number_n be_v divers_a and_o one_o be_v not_o contain_v in_o another_o this_o whole_a be_v term_v mathematical_a because_o quantity_n be_v of_o mathematical_a consideration_n vulgar_o integral_a more_o proper_o integrate_a ax._n 13._o a_o integral_a whole_a be_v either_o continue_a or_o discrete_a ax._n 14._o both_o be_v divide_v into_o homogeneal_a and_o heterogenal_a that_o be_v similar_v and_o dissimilar_v ax._n 15._o homogeneal_a be_v that_o which_o have_v part_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o nature_n ax._n 16._o heterogeneal_a of_o a_o diverse_a 1._o §_o this_o distribution_n of_o the_o whole_a integral_n be_v extant_a in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o hist_n an._n cap._n 1._o and_o book_n 2._o of_o the_o part_n of_o an._n cap._n 1._o and_o book_n 1._o of_o the_o gener._n of_o an._n cap._n 1._o for_o example_n inanimate_a substance_n as_o water_n wine_n flesh_n also_o magnitude_n motion_n and_o time_n be_v whole_n homogeneal_a continual_a the_o body_n of_o animate_v heterogeneal_a continual_a number_n as_o three_o ten_o be_v whole_n homogeneal_a discrete_a a_o army_n church_n the_o world_n heterogeneal_a and_o of_o the_o same_o denomination_n ax._n 17._o a_o part_n heterogeneal_a be_v either_o principal_a or_o less_o principal_a ax._n 18._o that_o be_v a_o principal_a by_o who_o ablation_n or_o take_v away_o the_o whole_a be_v destroy_v ax._n 19_o the_o less_o by_o who_o take_v away_o the_o whole_a be_v only_o maim_v or_o mutilate_v 1._o §_o for_o example_n hand_n brain_n heart_n liver_n be_v principal_a part_n of_o man_n because_o these_o take_v away_o of_o necessity_n the_o man_n must_v die_v foot_n hand_n ear_n etc._n etc._n be_v less_o principal_a because_o these_o be_v take_v away_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a a_o man_n shall_v die_v ax._n 20._o a_o whole_a by_o accident_n be_v chief_o say_v four_o way_n and_o first_o of_o a_o cause_n of_o divers_a effect_n second_o a_o effect_n of_o divers_a cause_n three_o of_o a_o subject_a of_o divers_a adjunct_n fourthly_a of_o a_o adjunct_n of_o divers_a subject_n 1._o §_o first_o a_o cause_n of_o divers_a effect_n and_o so_o a_o plant_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o whole_a because_o of_o plant_n some_o heat_n other_o cool_a etc._n etc._n second_o a_o effect_n of_o divers_a cause_n as_o mouse_n some_o of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v generate_v of_o the_o sun_n other_o of_o mouse_n etc._n etc._n three_o a_o subject_a of_o divers_a adjunct_n as_o man_n some_o of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v bond_n some_o free_a some_o good_a some_o bad_a etc._n etc._n a_o adjunct_n of_o divers_a subject_n as_o disease_n some_o of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o the_o mind_n some_o the_o body_n these_o again_o either_o of_o the_o brain_n eye_n light_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xv._o of_o cause_n and_o cause_v in_o general_n ax._n 1_o a_o cause_n be_v that_o by_o the_o force_n of_o which_o a_o thing_n come_v to_o pass_v commentary_n 1._o §_o principle_n element_n and_o cause_n be_v word_n that_o be_v ally_v in_o signification_n principle_n be_v either_o large_o take_v or_o strict_o large_o it_o be_v define_v book_n 4._o of_o the_o metaphysic_n cap._n 1._o to_o be_v the_o first_o from_o whence_o any_o thing_n be_v or_o exist_v or_o be_v know_v more_o strict_o book_v 4._o of_o the_o physics_n cap._n 5._o where_o principle_n be_v define_v to_o be_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v neither_o from_o one_o another_o nor_o other_o and_o of_o and_o from_o which_o be_v all_o thing_n in_o this_o sense_n there_o be_v only_o reckon_v three_o viz._n matter_n form_n and_o privation_n the_o definition_n of_o element_n be_v extant_a book_n 4._o of_o the_o metaphysic_n cap._n 3._o and_o be_v thus_o a_o element_n be_v that_o our_o of_o which_o any_o thing_n at_o the_o first_o be_v compound_v in_o which_o it_o be_v and_o which_o in_o its_o own_o species_n be_v indivisible_a into_o any_o other_o species_n 2._o §_o cause_o be_v here_o say_v to_o be_v that_o by_o which_o a_o thing_n be_v that_o be_v which_o confer_v somewhat_o towards_o the_o thing_n existence_n and_o therefore_o privation_n can_v be_v a_o cause_n because_o it_o confer_v nothing_o but_o only_o towards_o its_o mutation_n ax._n 2._o a_o cause_v be_v that_o which_o be_v constitute_v of_o its_o cause_n ax._n 3_o the_o cause_n be_v before_o it_o be_v cause_v both_o in_o nature_n and_o knowledge_n 1._o §_o in_o nature_n because_o the_o cause_v depend_v upon_o the_o cause_n knowledge_n that_o be_v simple_o and_o distinct_a knowledge_n which_o follow_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n for_o to_o we_o the_o cause_n be_v more_o know_v than_o it_o because_o near_o to_o the_o sense_n for_o from_o the_o sense_n do_v we_o derive_v all_o our_o sensible_a knowledge_n ax._n 4._o the_o cause_n be_v four_o viz._n matter_n form_n efficient_a and_o end_n 1._o §_o this_o partition_n be_v extant_a book_n 2._o of_o the_o post_n cap._n 2._o book_n 2._o of_o the_o physics_n cap._n 3._o and_o book_n 4._o cap._n 2._o and_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o best_a reason_n for_o whatever_o be_v make_v be_v make_v by_o another_o for_o nothing_o be_v make_v by_o its_o self_n there_o be_v therefore_o a_o efficient_a cause_n nothing_o finite_a can_v produce_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o nothing_o there_o be_v therefore_o matter_n out_o of_o which_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o form_n which_o be_v introduce_v upon_o that_o matter_n when_o thing_n be_v make_v nothing_o last_o act_n without_o design_n there_o be_v therefore_o a_o end_n for_o who_o sake_n the_o cause_n efficient_a act_n ax._n 5._o the_o cause_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n be_v call_v the_o compose_v of_o the_o efficient_a the_o effect_n of_o the_o end_n the_o mean_n or_o design_v and_o these_o differ_v not_o in_o reality_n but_o reason_n 1_o §_o and_o since_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o cause_v four_o cause_n concur_v as_o in_o all_o corporeal_a thing_n there_o do_v it_o ought_v not_o to_o seem_v strange_a that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n shall_v be_v call_v compose_v effect_v mean_n etc._n etc._n according_a as_o it_o be_v compare_v with_o divers_a cause_n ax._n 6._o in_o every_o genus_fw-la there_o be_v a_o certain_a subordination_n of_o cause_n ax._n 7._o subordinate_a be_v those_o that_o depend_v one_o upon_o another_o 1._o §_o to_o wit_n either_o as_o to_o their_o existence_n and_o so_o the_o son_n upon_o the_o father_n the_o father_n upon_o the_o grandfather_n or_o causality_n and_o so_o the_o quill_n upon_o the_o hand_n in_o write_v or_o both_o and_o so_o the_o second_o cause_n upon_o the_o first_o or_o creature_n upon_o god_n ax._n 8._o cause_n likewise_o be_v say_v either_o to_o be_v essential_o or_o accidental_o subordinate_v ax._n 9_o essential_o be_v those_o of_o which_o one_o depend_v upon_o another_o when_o and_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o cause_v ax._n 10._o accidental_o of_o which_o one_o indeed_o depend_v upon_o another_o but_o not_o when_o or_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o cause_v 1._o §_o and_o so_o a_o cause_n be_v say_v to_o be_v two_o way_n subordinate_v by_o accident_n first_o when_o it_o depend_v indeed_o upon_o a_o superior_a cause_n but_o not_o when_o that_o be_v when_o it_o cause_n and_o this_o be_v effect_v when_o it_o depend_v upon_o it_o
the_o effect_n the_o less_o principal_a as_o far_o as_o it_o cause_v be_v always_o worse_o then_o or_o inferior_a to_o the_o effect_n 1._o §_o when_o we_o compare_v the_o effect_n with_o the_o cause_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o cause_n as_o it_o be_v such_o that_o be_v according_a to_o that_o virtue_n by_o which_o it_o cause_v when_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v such_o as_o that_o it_o contain_v in_o it_o whatever_o be_v in_o the_o effect_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o principal_a cause_n the_o effect_n be_v say_v to_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o cause_n either_o formal_o or_o eminent_o when_o formal_o or_o the_o effect_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o cause_n the_o cause_n be_v say_v to_o be_v univocal_a and_o be_v equal_a to_o its_o effect_n as_o when_o heat_n beget_v heat_n or_o a_o mouse_n a_o mouse_n when_o eminent_o or_o the_o cause_n by_o a_o noble_a sort_n of_o virtue_n produce_v the_o effect_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v aequivocal_a and_o be_v better_a than_o its_o effect_n as_o when_o light_n produce_v heat_n or_o the_o architect_n a_o house_n when_o neither_o formal_o nor_o eminent_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v less_o principal_a and_o that_o not_o so_o much_o effect_n as_o subserve_v the_o principal_a in_o produce_v the_o effect_n ax._n 22._o the_o less_o principal_a be_v subdivide_v into_o procatarctical_a proëgumenal_a and_o instrumental_a ax._n 23._o procatarctical_a be_v that_o which_o extrinsical_o excite_v the_o principal_a cause_n to_o action_n ax._n 24._o the_o proëgumenal_a which_o inward_o dispose_v or_o also_o excite_v the_o principal_a cause_n to_o action_n 1._o the_o cause_n in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o procatarctical_a in_o latin_a may_v be_v call_v incipiens_fw-la or_o inchoans_fw-la that_o be_v beginning_n or_o inchoat_v and_o be_v either_o object_n occasion_n author_n or_o merit_n so_o far_o it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o object_n as_o it_o move_v or_o excite_v the_o principal_a cause_n to_o action_n occasion_n be_v the_o conveniency_n of_o time_n and_o place_n to_o act_v in_o which_o itself_o also_o have_v some_o force_n of_o move_v to_o action_n in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o remove_v impediment_n to_o action_n author_n here_o be_v say_v to_o be_v he_o who_o propose_v reason_n persuade_v the_o principal_a cause_n either_o to_o or_o from_o action_n he_o be_v also_o call_v the_o moral_a cause_n merit_n or_o meritorious_a cause_n be_v that_o which_o move_v the_o agent_n to_o a_o requital_n and_o that_o either_o in_o good_a or_o evil_a thing_n and_o even_o all_o these_o be_v without_o the_o principal_a cause_n in_o which_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o proegumenal_a which_o consist_v in_o the_o principal_a cause_n itself_o for_o example_n if_o any_o one_o walk_v about_o in_o the_o night_n shall_v see_v many_o precious_a thing_n in_o the_o open_a house_n of_o his_o enemy_n from_o who_o just_o before_o he_o have_v receive_v a_o injury_n to_o be_v negligent_o keep_v and_o at_o the_o instigation_n of_o another_o shall_v take_v they_o away_o the_o objective_a cause_n of_o of_o this_o will_v be_v the_o precious_a thing_n themselves_o exciting_a the_o covetousness_n of_o the_o thief_n the_o occasion_n the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n and_o open_a house_n which_o in_o no_o little_a measure_n further_o he_o in_o his_o purpose_n the_o author_n or_o moral_a cause_n he_o who_o instigate_v he_o the_o meritorious_a the_o injury_n receive_v for_o which_o the_o thief_n come_v to_o be_v more_o prone_a to_o steal_v the_o proëgumenal_a cause_n be_v the_o proper_a avarice_n of_o the_o thief_n farthermore_o author_n or_o cause_n moral_a have_v place_n only_o in_o voluntary_a cause_n object_n occasion_n meritorious_a and_o proëgumental_a also_o in_o other_o occasion_n be_v sometime_o take_v for_o cause_n meritorious_a as_o when_o a_o injury_n commit_v or_o do_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o a_o fight_n or_o war_n or_o slaughter_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n if_o feign_v be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o latin_n pretext_n the_o proëgumenal_a either_o dispose_v only_o the_o principal_a cause_n as_o when_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o body_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o manner_n or_o also_o move_v it_o and_o spur_n it_o on_o as_o when_o anger_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o revenge_n or_o avarice_n of_o theft_n 2._o §_o the_o procatarctical_a and_o proëgumenal_a cause_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o physic_n for_o physician_n reduce_v almost_o all_o disease_n to_o three_o cause_n procatarctical_a proegumenal_a and_o synectical_a or_o contain_v the_o procatarctical_a with_o they_o be_v the_o external_n and_o evident_a cause_n the_o other_o two_o the_o internal_a and_o hide_a cause_n the_o proëgumenal_a the_o antecedent_n the_o contain_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o that_o which_o be_v connate_a with_o and_o also_o exist_v together_o with_o the_o disease_n and_o coheres_fw-la immediate_o with_o it_o and_o this_o with_o we_o be_v the_o next_o cause_n for_o example_n the_o procatarctical_a cause_n of_o the_o fever_n be_v either_o cold_a or_o the_o astringent_a bath_n the_o proëgumenal_a the_o skin_n bind_v up_o and_o evaporation_n hinder_v the_o contain_v the_o humour_n putrescent_fw-la and_o accend_v ax._n 25._o the_o instrumental_a cause_n be_v that_o which_o subserve_v the_o principal_a cause_n in_o its_o effect_v 1._o §_o all_o instrument_n subserve_v not_o the_o principal_a in_o the_o like_a manner_n for_o there_o be_v some_o instrument_n join_v to_o the_o principal_a cause_n in_o act_v and_o there_o be_v some_o in_o act_v separate_a from_o they_o those_o be_v instrument_n conjoin_v of_o which_o the_o principal_a cause_n make_v use_v in_o the_o effection_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o these_o be_v either_o active_a as_o the_o heat_n in_o the_o fire_n or_o passive_a as_o a_o knife_n a_o sword_n etc._n etc._n separate_a instrument_n be_v those_o which_o act_n in_o the_o place_n and_o stead_n of_o the_o principal_a cause_n so_o the_o ambassador_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o seed_n seem_v to_o many_o the_o instrument_n of_o generation_n but_o mistaken_o for_o separate_v instrument_n have_v no_o place_n in_o natural_n but_o moral_n and_o this_o bring_v we_o to_o the_o next_o maxim_n viz._n ax._n 26._o the_o essence_n of_o instrument_n consist_v in_o their_o fitness_n for_o use_v 1._o §_o instrument_n say_v aristotle_n book_n 2._o of_o an._n cap._n 4._o in_o office_n and_o uses_n be_v distinguish_v or_o convene_v among_o themselves_o for_o every_o instrument_n be_v that_o which_o it_o be_v because_o and_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v fit_a for_o some_o certain_a use_n so_o a_o axe_n be_v so_o far_o a_o axe_n as_o that_o in_o the_o quality_n of_o its_o matter_n and_o form_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o cut_v and_o the_o eye_n so_o far_o a_o eye_n as_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o see_v with_o for_o the_o eye_n the_o hand_n and_o other_o organical_a part_n of_o man_n or_o beast_n when_o dead_a be_v not_o eye_n or_o hand_n unless_o homonymous_o or_o ambiguous_o that_o be_v doubtful_o as_o aristotle_n say_v book_n 4._o of_o the_o meteor_n cap._n 17._o ax._n 27._o six_o cause_v efficient_a be_v divide_v into_o first_o and_o second_o ax._n 28._o the_o first_o be_v that_o which_o depend_v upon_o none_o ax._n 29._o the_o second_o which_o depend_v upon_o the_o first_o 1._o §_o a_o cause_n be_v two_o way_n say_v to_o be_v first_o to_o wit_n absolute_o or_o in_o its_o own_o genus_fw-la that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v absolute_o on_o which_o all_o thing_n depend_v both_o when_o they_o be_v make_v exist_v and_o operate_v or_o as_o they_o say_v in_o fieri_fw-la esse_fw-la and_o operation_n the_o cause_n absolute_o first_o be_v only_o one_o to_o wit_n god_n for_o all_o thing_n depend_v on_o god_n both_o as_o to_o their_o make_v be_v and_o operate_n according_a to_o that_o of_o the_o apostle_n st._n paul_n act_v 17._o in_o he_o we_o live_v and_o move_v and_o have_v our_o be_v furthermore_o all_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o depend_v upon_o god_n as_o they_o be_v make_v or_o in_o fieri_fw-la as_o they_o say_v by_o reason_n of_o creation_n and_o that_o either_o proximate_o or_o remote_o as_o they_o be_v or_o in_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o conservation_n as_o they_o operate_v of_o his_o providence_n either_o ordinary_o or_o extraordinary_o etc._n etc._n 2._o §_o that_o cause_n be_v say_v to_o be_v first_o in_o its_o own_o genus_fw-la on_o which_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la depend_v such_o a_o first_o cause_n be_v not_o only_o give_v in_o every_o genus_fw-la of_o cause_n but_o also_o in_o every_o subordination_n so_o adam_n be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o man_n in_o his_o species_n
note_n or_o affection_n of_o quality_n arise_v either_o from_o contrariety_n or_o disposition_n of_o the_o matter_n habit_n and_o patible_a quality_n receive_v more_o and_o less_o from_o contrariety_n for_o they_o be_v remit_v when_o intermix_v with_o their_o contrary_n and_o intend_v when_o they_o be_v free_a from_o it_o light_v except_v which_o although_o a_o a_o patible_a quality_n yet_o be_v intend_v or_o remit_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o unequal_a disposition_n of_o the_o subject_a because_o be_v have_v not_o a_o contrary_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v the_o natural_a power_n intend_v and_o remit_v to_o which_o nothing_o be_v contrary_a with_o which_o they_o can_v be_v mix_v ax._n 13._o thing_n by_o quality_n be_v say_v to_o be_v like_a or_o unlike_a 1._o §_o for_o likeness_n and_o unlikeness_n be_v relation_n agreeable_a to_o thing_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o quality_n chap._n vii_o of_o thing_n relate_v to_o each_o other_o ax._n 1_o those_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v relate_v which_o in_o respect_n of_o what_o they_o be_v be_v say_v to_o be_v other_o that_o be_v of_o other_o or_o in_o any_o other_o manner_n or_o respect_n be_v refer_v to_o 〈◊〉_d 1._o §_o this_o definition_n of_o thing_n relate_v be_v extant_a in_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o category_n ax._n 2._o related_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o related_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o name_n and_o those_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o essence_n ax._n 3_o relateds_n according_a to_o their_o name_n be_v absolute_a thing_n which_o include_v or_o connote_v a_o relatition_n and_o therefore_o not_o in_o essence_n but_o in_o name_n only_o be_v refer_v to_o something_o else_o ax._n 4._o relateds_n according_a to_o their_o essence_n be_v those_o thing_n in_o who_o to_o be_v and_o to_o have_v respect_n to_o something_o else_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n or_o who_o essence_n be_v whole_o place_v in_o the_o respect_n they_o bear_v to_o some_o other_o thing_n 1._o §_o relateds_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o name_n and_o related_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o essence_n differ_v not_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o relation_n but_o their_o name_n for_o the_o name_n which_o agree_v to_o relateds_n according_a to_o their_o name_n signify_v of_o themselves_o first_o a_o absolute_a thing_n and_o second_o connote_v a_o relation_n which_o be_v include_v in_o that_o absolute_a thing_n but_o to_o relateds_n according_a to_o their_o essence_n be_v such_o name_n give_v which_o of_o themselves_o signify_v a_o relation_n and_o connote_v a_o absolute_a thing_n which_o that_o relation_n presuppose_v as_o it_o be_v its_o subject_a for_o example_n knowledge_n and_o a_o thing_n knowable_a be_v say_v to_o be_v relateds_n according_a to_o their_o name_n because_o science_n be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o quality_n which_o include_v a_o respect_n to_o the_o object_n knowable_a or_o which_o may_v be_v know_v and_o therefore_o the_o whole_a essence_n of_o science_n be_v not_o place_v in_o respect_n to_o the_o object_n which_o may_v be_v know_v nay_o the_o essence_n of_o knowledge_n or_o science_n be_v a_o absolute_a quality_n which_o be_v yet_o say_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o another_o because_o it_o connote_v a_o relation_n but_o father_n and_o son_n be_v relateds_n according_a to_o their_o essence_n because_o these_o word_n of_o themselves_o first_o signify_v a_o relation_n or_o mutual_a respect_n and_o therefore_o the_o whole_a essence_n of_o the_o father_n as_o he_o be_v father_n be_v place_v in_o respect_n to_o the_o son_n and_o that_o of_o the_o son_n in_o respect_n to_o his_o father_n for_o what_o be_v it_o else_o to_o be_v a_o father_n but_o to_o have_v a_o son_n and_o to_o be_v a_o son_n but_o to_o have_v a_o father_n 2._o §_o from_o related_n according_a to_o their_o name_n little_a or_o nothing_o differ_v relateds_n transcendent_a so_o call_v because_o they_o surpass_v or_o transcend_v all_o the_o bound_n of_o category_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o which_o such_o related_n do_v not_o agree_v so_o accident_n to_o the_o subject_a action_n to_o the_o object_n part_v to_o the_o whole_a and_o cause_n to_o the_o cause_v etc._n etc._n ax._n 5._o related_n be_v also_o divide_v into_o relateds_n real_a and_o relateds_n rational_a ax._n 6._o relateds_n real_a be_v those_o which_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n and_o without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v refer_v to_o some_o other_o thing_n ax._n 7._o relateds_n of_o reason_n be_v such_o as_o only_o by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v refer_v or_o relate_v to_o somewhat_o else_o 1._o §_o for_o example_n father_n son_n husband_n and_o wife_n and_o other_o related_n of_o that_o sort_n be_v real_a related_n because_o the_o father_n be_v the_o son_n father_n and_o the_o husband_n be_v the_o wive_n husband_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o cogitation_n of_o our_o mind_n but_o right_o and_o left_n be_v relation_n of_o reason_n because_o that_o to_o one_o stand_v betwixt_o two_o column_n this_o shall_v be_v right_o that_o leave_v rather_o than_o the_o contrary_a be_v from_o the_o ordination_n of_o the_o mind_n in_o this_o sense_n to_o the_o heaven_n also_o we_o assign_v right_o and_o left_a before_o and_o after_o and_o other_o difference_n of_o position_n but_o that_o one_o hand_n shall_v be_v call_v right_o and_o the_o other_o leave_v seem_v not_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o reason_n but_o nature_n to_o related_n of_o reason_n also_o identity_n or_o sameness_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v for_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v so_o compare_v with_o itself_o as_o that_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o itself_o that_o one_o thing_n be_v so_o use_v by_o the_o understanding_n as_o if_o it_o be_v two_o hitherto_o also_o refer_v being_n of_o reason_n which_o be_v mutual_o refer_v to_o each_o other_o as_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n subject_a and_o predicate_v etc._n etc._n ax._n 8._o in_o every_o relation_n be_v require_v subject_a and_o term._n ax._n 9_o that_o be_v call_v the_o subject_a to_o which_o the_o relation_n be_v attribute_v or_o that_o which_o be_v refer_v to_o some_o other_o thing_n ax._n 10._o that_o the_o term_n to_o which_o the_o subject_n be_v refer_v ax._n 11._o the_o subject_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o relate_v and_o the_o term_n the_o correlate_n when_o affect_v with_o a_o relation_n and_o consider_v together_o with_o it_o ax._n 12._o relate_v and_o correlated_a be_v mutual_o refer_v each_o to_o the_o other_o and_o that_o not_o in_o one_o but_o a_o twofold_a relation_n ax._n 13._o in_o which_o reciprocation_n or_o mutual_a relation_n that_o which_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o one_o relation_n be_v the_o term_n of_o the_o other_o and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_n ax._n 14._o as_o also_o that_o which_o be_v in_o one_o relation_n the_o relate_v be_v in_o the_o other_o the_o correlate_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_n 1._o §_o these_o thing_n that_o you_o may_v understand_v suppose_v we_o between_o the_o father_n and_o the_o son_n two_o relation_n to_o intercede_v of_o which_o the_o one_o in_o which_o the_o father_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o son_n be_v common_o call_v paternity_n the_o other_o in_o which_o the_o son_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o father_n filiation_n or_o sonship_n but_o paternity_n and_o filiation_n be_v not_o one_o but_o two_o relation_n diverse_a from_o each_o other_o because_o the_o father_n be_v otherwise_o relate_v towards_o the_o son_n than_o the_o son_n be_v towards_o the_o father_n these_o two_o relation_n require_v two_o subject_n and_o two_o term_n which_o be_v two_o man_n as_o suppose_v philip_n and_o alexander_n philip_n be_v the_o subject_a of_o paternity_n alexander_n the_o term._n on_o the_o other_o side_n alexander_n be_v the_o subject_a of_o filiation_n philip_n the_o term_n father_n be_v the_o relate_v in_o paternity_n son_n the_o correlate_n on_o the_o other_o side_n son_n be_v the_o relate_v in_o filiation_n father_n the_o correlate_n 2._o §_o father_n the_o subject_a of_o relation_n be_v wont_v vulgar_o to_o be_v distinguish_v into_o subject_n of_o inhaesion_n and_o subject_a of_o denomination_n but_o these_o thing_n have_v more_o in_o they_o of_o subtlety_n than_o truth_n ax._n 15._o some_o relation_n be_v suppose_v suppose_v the_o subject_a and_o term_n other_o beside_o these_o do_v require_v a_o foundation_n ax._n 16._o and_o a_o foundation_n be_v that_o by_o who_o mean_n the_o relation_n accrue_v to_o the_o subject_a 1._o for_o example_n when_o a_o egg_n be_v say_v to_o be_v like_o a_o egg_n the_o similitude_n between_o these_o two_o egg_n arise_v in_o each_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o begin_v to_o exist_v nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n require_v towards_o their_o relation_n beside_o the_o existence_n of_o two_o eggs._n but_o the_o relation_n of_o servant_n do_v not_o present_o arise_v in_o the_o subject_a so_o soon_o as_o
for_o existence_n and_o not_o causality_n after_o this_o manner_n depend_v the_o father_n upon_o his_o ancestor_n in_o the_o beget_n of_o his_o son_n and_o every_o near_a cause_n upon_o the_o more_o remote_a second_o when_o it_o also_o depend_v upon_o a_o superior_a cause_n when_o it_o cause_n or_o for_o its_o causality_n but_o not_o for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o cause_v or_o not_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n after_o which_o it_o cause_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o statuary_n be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o heaven_n in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statue_n for_o because_o the_o statuary_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o heaven_n towards_o his_o work_n he_o may_v be_v say_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o heaven_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o causality_n but_o because_o not_o as_o he_o make_v the_o statue_n but_o as_o he_o live_v he_o be_v say_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o heaven_n by_o accident_n and_o to_o be_v accidental_o subordinate_v to_o they_o in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statue_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o horse_n spur_v on_o by_o his_o rider_n hurt_v his_o leg_n halt_v the_o hurt_a leg_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o halt_a subordinate_v to_o the_o rader_n by_o accident_n for_o the_o leg_n or_o horse_n be_v impel_v on_o by_o the_o rider_n to_o motion_n but_o not_o to_o a_o vicious_a motion_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 11._o in_o such_o a_o subordination_n there_o be_v ever_o one_o next_o cause_n the_o rest_n be_v remote_a ax._n 12._o the_o next_o cause_n be_v that_o which_o immediate_o constitute_v the_o cause_v ax._n 13._o remote_a that_o which_o concur_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o cause_v by_o the_o mediation_n of_o some_o other_o cause_n of_o its_o own_o genus_fw-la 1._o §_o a_o cause_n be_v say_v to_o be_v next_o two_o way_n either_o in_o its_o own_o genus_fw-la or_o absolute_o that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v absolute_o next_o which_o not_o only_o immediate_o but_o by_o its_o own_o existence_n constitute_v the_o cause_v and_o so_o that_o it_o be_v suppose_v it_o be_v necessary_a the_o cause_v be_v so_o too_o the_o next_o cause_n in_o its_o genus_fw-la we_o have_v already_o define_v and_o have_v say_v it_o immediate_o concur_v towards_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o cause_v no_o other_o of_o its_o own_o order_n come_v between_o one_o thing_n may_v have_v many_o cause_n in_o their_o own_o genus_fw-la next_z but_o one_o only_a that_o be_v absolute_o next_o which_o in_o substance_n be_v form_n accident_n efficient_a and_o end_n so_o whereas_o to_o man_n the_o proximate_a matter_n be_v humane_a body_n efficient_a father_n end_v well-being_a form_n rational_a soul_n the_o rational_a soul_n yet_o only_o be_v the_o next_o absolute_a cause_n ax._n 14._o last_o in_o every_o genus_fw-la there_o be_v some_o cause_n total_a some_o partial_a ax._n 15._o that_o cause_n be_v total_a which_o in_o its_o species_n whole_o cause_v the_o whole_a cause_v ax._n 16._o that_o partial_a which_o join_v with_o the_o other_o cause_n of_o its_o own_o species_n cause_n the_o cause_v only_o in_o part._n 1._o §_o in_o every_o genus_fw-la of_o cause_n there_o be_v many_o species_n of_o cause_n and_o those_o either_o subordinate_a as_o cause_o first_o and_o second_o next_o and_o remote_a principal_a and_o instrumental_a or_o coordinate_a of_o which_o one_o depend_v not_o upon_o another_o a_o total_a cause_n be_v say_v whole_o to_o constitute_v the_o cause_v because_o not_o assist_v by_o other_o cause_n of_o its_o own_o species_n for_o example_n the_o write_v depend_v upon_o the_o quill_n and_o the_o hand_n but_o upon_o both_o as_o total_a cause_n for_o the_o quill_n be_v only_o or_o whole_o the_o instrumental_a and_o the_o hand_n the_o principal_a cause_n so_o likewise_o when_o god_n the_o sun_n and_o man_n be_v say_v to_o generate_v man_n every_o one_o of_o these_o cause_n be_v total_a god_n be_v the_o first_o the_o sun_n or_o heaven_n be_v the_o total_a universal_a man_n the_o total_a second_o and_o particular_a but_o when_o two_o horse_n draw_v in_o a_o cart_n they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v partial_a cause_n because_o they_o be_v both_o of_o the_o same_o species_n which_o bring_v we_o to_o the_o next_o axiom_n viz._n ax._n 17._o of_o one_o thing_n there_o can_v be_v many_o total_a cause_n of_o the_o same_o species_n but_o there_o may_v be_v many_o different_a in_o species_n and_o subordinate_a 1._o §_o if_o many_o cause_n not_o subordinate_a do_v concur_v to_o the_o same_o cause_v of_o necessity_n they_o must_v be_v partial_a for_o the_o total_a cause_n cause_v the_o whole_a thing_n wherefore_o if_o there_o be_v many_o total_a cause_n either_o the_o rest_n cause_n nothing_o and_o so_o be_v not_o cause_n or_o else_o cause_n again_o what_o be_v cause_v before_o but_o if_o cause_n different_a in_o species_n be_v subordinate_a it_o may_v so_o be_v that_o the_o same_o cause_v may_v depend_v upon_o many_o cause_n total_a so_o the_o whole_a write_n depend_v on_o the_o hand_n and_o the_o quill_n and_o the_o whole_a man_n upon_o god_n and_o the_o sun_n and_o his_o parent_n chap._n xvi_o of_o matter_n and_o form_n ax._n 1_o of_o the_o four_o cause_n two_o be_v internal_a matter_n and_o form_n and_o as_o many_o external_n efficient_a and_o end_n ax._n 2._o those_o cause_n be_v say_v to_o be_v internal_a which_o enter_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o cause_v as_o part_n commentary_n 1._o §_o although_o form_n be_v far_o more_o noble_a than_o matter_n and_o confer_v more_o to_o the_o constitute_v the_o cause_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o matter_n also_o be_v part_n of_o the_o essence_n and_o not_o only_o a_o vehicle_n or_o receiver_n ax._n 3_o matter_n in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o out_o of_o which_o inexi_v something_o be_v make_v 1._o §_o this_o definition_n be_v extant_a book_n 2._o of_o the_o physics_n cap._n 3._o and_o book_n 4._o of_o the_o metaph._n cap._n 2._o but_o it_o may_v more_o full_o and_o explicatious_o be_v define_v in_o this_o manner_n matter_n be_v a_o internal_a cause_n of_o which_o any_o thing_n be_v make_v or_o consist_v why_o i_o add_v consist_v will_n be_v sufficient_o understand_v out_o of_o the_o 9th_o theorem_a matter_n be_v also_o define_v book_n 2._o post_n cap._n 11._o but_o more_o obscure_o to_o be_v that_o which_o any_o thing_n be_v suppose_v of_o necessity_n must_v be_v so_o too_o 2._o §_o general_o matter_n be_v divide_v into_o that_o out_o of_o which_o in_o which_o and_o about_o which_o that_o out_o of_o which_o be_v that_o which_o be_v proper_o so_o call_v and_o we_o have_v but_o now_o define_v in_o which_o the_o subject_a about_o which_o the_o object_n of_o which_o in_o their_o place_n ax._n 4._o the_o office_n of_o matter_n be_v two_o to_o take_v up_o form_n and_o sustain_v they_o and_o with_o the_o form_n to_o constitute_v the_o compose_v ax._n 5._o matter_n be_v either_o first_o or_o second_o ax._n 6._o the_o first_o matter_n be_v inform_v ax._n 7._o the_o second_o form_v 1._o §_o although_o no_o matter_n may_v exist_v without_o form_n yet_o because_o matter_n be_v not_o altogether_o nothing_o nor_o the_o same_o with_o form_n why_o may_v it_o not_o by_o itself_o be_v understand_v not_o understand_v form_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o matter_n which_o aristotle_n book_n 1._o of_o the_o physics_n cap._n 9_o define_v in_o this_o manner_n that_o be_v matter_n say_v he_o which_o be_v the_o first_o subject_n out_o of_o which_o any_o thing_n be_v make_v so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o it_o by_o accident_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v spoil_v it_o will_v be_v into_o that_o resolve_v at_o last_o nor_o be_v it_o yet_o to_o be_v think_v that_o the_o first_o and_o second_o matter_n be_v two_o several_a matter_n nay_o one_o and_o the_o same_o matter_n be_v say_v to_o be_v first_o and_o second_o as_o it_o be_v this_o way_n or_o that_o way_n consider_v ax._n 8._o far_o matter_n be_v either_o of_o natural_a or_o artificial_a body_n 1._o §_o for_o example_n element_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o mix_v body_n seed_n of_o live_v gold_n or_o silver_n of_o the_o cup_n wood_n of_o the_o shelf_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 9_o and_o both_o of_o these_o either_o of_o composition_n or_o generation_n ax._n 10._o the_o matter_n of_o composition_n be_v that_o of_o which_o a_o thing_n consist_v ax._n 11._o of_o generation_n out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v make_v 1._o §_o for_o example_n the_o body_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o composition_n in_o a_o animal_n seed_n of_o generation_n in_o thing_n of_o art_n the_o matter_n of_o generation_n and_o composition_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o as_o also_o in_o meteor_n for_o a_o shelf_n be_v make_v and_o consist_v of_o wood_n cloud_n of_o vapour_n ice_n of_o water_n etc._n etc._n
that_o it_o be_v conjoin_v with_o the_o patient_n and_o two_o unlike_a unto_o it_o 1._o §_o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v precept_v book_n 7._o physics_n cap._n 3._o and_o the_o other_o book_n 1._o of_o gener._n and_o corrup_n cap._n 7._o a_o efficient_a be_v say_v to_o be_v two_o way_n join_v to_o the_o patient_n to_o wit_n either_o by_o existence_n vulgar_o call_v suppositum_fw-la or_o virtue_n for_o example_n when_o fire_n burn_v wood_n it_o be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o wood_n by_o its_o existence_n when_o heat_n the_o sitter_n by_o it_o be_v not_o join_v to_o they_o by_o its_o existence_n but_o power_n or_o virtue_n 2._o §_o a_o agent_n likewise_o be_v say_v to_o be_v two_o way_n unlike_o the_o patient_n either_o as_o to_o species_n or_o degree_n in_o the_o first_o manner_n hot_a to_o cold_a in_o the_o last_o that_o which_o be_v more_o hot_a to_o that_o which_o be_v less_o hot_a or_o that_o which_o be_v more_o cold_a to_o that_o which_o be_v less_o cold_a those_o which_o neither_o the_o one_o can_v act_v upon_o the_o other_o or_o suffer_v from_o it_o any_o manner_n of_o way_n ax._n 9_o three_o the_o efficient_a be_v divide_v into_o free_a and_o necessary_a ax._n 10._o a_o free_a be_v that_o which_o cause_n consult_o or_o with_o design_n ax._n 11._o a_o necessary_a not_o but_o by_o necessity_n of_o nature_n 1._o §_o liberty_n in_o general_n be_v a_o faculty_n of_o do_v what_o one_o please_v and_o therefore_o he_o who_o be_v absolute_o free_a be_v free_a from_o all_o servitude_n law_n impose_v upon_o he_o by_o other_o coaction_n and_o necessity_n of_o nature_n but_o when_o the_o will_n be_v say_v to_o be_v free_a and_o a_o free_a cause_n oppose_v to_o a_o necessary_a nothing_o far_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o name_n of_o liberty_n but_o a_o immunity_n from_o coaction_n necessity_n and_o natural_a determination_n for_o he_o who_o be_v a_o servant_n or_o subject_a to_o another_o law_n enjoy_v the_o liberty_n of_o his_o own_o will_n when_o he_o judge_n that_o he_o be_v to_o live_v according_a to_o the_o law_n or_o beck_n of_o he_o with_o who_o he_o live_v but_o natural_a necessity_n and_o coaction_n evert_v liberty_n why_o therefore_o be_v not_o co-act_a cause_n contain_v in_o this_o division_n because_o he_o who_o be_v compel_v be_v so_o compel_v by_o another_o as_o that_o he_o conduce_v nothing_o to_o the_o effect_n himself_o and_o therefore_o can_v be_v number_v among_o the_o efficient_n 2._o §_o by_o natural_a necessity_n we_o understand_v not_o only_o that_o by_o which_o inanimate_a thing_n act_v as_o plant_n but_o that_o also_o by_o which_o brute_n and_o infant_n before_o the_o use_v of_o reason_n for_o the_o action_n of_o brute_n and_o infant_n proceed_v almost_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n from_o natural_a instinct_n and_o sense_n as_o do_v the_o action_n of_o plant_n from_o nature_n itself_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v the_o part_n of_o the_o division_n immediate_o oppose_v and_o in_o this_o be_v contain_v all_o the_o species_n of_o cause_n which_o follow_v ax._n 12._o a_o free_a cause_n can_v act_v and_o not_o act_n what_o how_o and_o when_o it_o please_v ax._n 13._o a_o necessary_a be_v determine_v to_o one_o certain_a thing_n and_o act_n both_o when_o and_o as_o much_o as_o it_o can_v 1._o §_o for_o example_n for_o this_o cause_n be_v one_o say_v free_o to_o dispute_v or_o write_v because_o voluntary_o and_o of_o one_o own_o accord_n one_o dispute_n or_o write_v and_o also_o because_o one_o can_v dispute_v or_o not_o dispute_v and_o the_o disputation_n begin_v can_v at_o will_v interrupt_v or_o do_v any_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o our_o own_o power_n for_o to_o these_o only_o do_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o will_v extend_v cause_n necessary_a be_v determine_v to_o one_o thing_n that_o be_v they_o can_v but_o can_v but_o act_v and_o that_o only_a which_o they_o do_v and_o nothing_o else_o and_o as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v so_o fire_n can_v but_o heat_v fit_a matter_n and_o heat_v every_o thing_n so_o much_o as_o that_o it_o can_v heat_v it_o any_o more_o ax._n 14._o four_o cause_o efficient_a be_v divide_v into_o cause_n by_o it_o self_n and_o cause_n by_o accident_n ax._n 15._o cause_o by_o itself_o be_v that_o which_o as_o it_o be_v such_o produces_z a_o effect_n of_o its_o own_o council_n and_o agreeable_a to_o its_o natural_a disposition_n ax._n 16._o by_o accident_n which_o not_o as_o such_o or_o else_o beside_o its_o own_o council_n or_o natural_a propension_n 1._o §_o that_o a_o cause_n efficient_a be_v a_o cause_n of_o itself_o two_o condition_n thus_o be_v require_v first_o that_o the_o effect_v answer_v to_o its_o council_n or_o natural_a propension_n to_o its_o council_n if_o a_o free_a propension_n if_o a_o necessary_a the_o other_o that_o it_o produce_v it_o as_o such_o if_o either_o of_o these_o be_v want_v the_o cause_n be_v say_v to_o be_v by_o accident_n if_o the_o first_o because_o some_o event_n or_o effect_v by_o accident_n coheres_fw-la with_o the_o effect_n which_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o cause_n efficient_a by_o itself_o as_o when_o one_o dig_v up_o the_o earth_n find_v a_o treasure_n for_o to_o dig_v the_o earth_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o dig_a by_o itself_o with_o which_o effect_n the_o find_n of_o the_o treasure_n by_o accident_n that_o be_v beside_o the_o council_n of_o the_o dig_a and_o nature_n of_o the_o digging_z be_v join_v so_o when_o a_o animal_n beget_v a_o monster_n it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o monster_n by_o accident_n because_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o monster_n be_v join_v with_o that_o of_o nature_n by_o accident_n and_o beside_o its_o scope_n and_o intention_n if_o the_o latter_a that_o be_v if_o the_o latter_a qualification_n be_v want_v the_o cause_n be_v say_v by_o accident_n because_o the_o effect_n be_v not_o ascribe_v to_o the_o cause_n but_o that_o which_o happen_v to_o it_o as_o when_o polyclete_n or_o a_o musician_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o statue_n for_o neither_o do_v polyclete_n make_v the_o statue_n as_o he_o be_v polyclete_n or_o musician_n as_o he_o be_v musician_n but_o a_o statuary_n for_o it_o be_v accidental_a to_o the_o statuary_n that_o he_o be_v either_o polyclete_n or_o a_o musician_n see_v book_n 2._o of_o the_o physics_n cap._n 2._o ax._n 17._o to_o cause_v by_o accident_n be_v reduce_v fortune_n and_o chance_n 1._o §_o videlicet_fw-la to_o the_o first_o species_n of_o it_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o effect_n fortune_n in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v define_v by_o aristotle_n book_n 2._o of_o the_o physics_n cap._n 5._o thus_o it_o be_v therefore_o manifest_a that_o fortune_n be_v a_o cause_n by_o accident_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v do_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o something_o and_o consult_o undertake_v by_o themistius_n in_o his_o periphrase_n upon_o this_o place_n more_o full_o to_o be_v a_o cause_n by_o accident_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o neither_o necessary_o nor_o often_o but_o rare_o happen_v and_o in_o those_o alone_o which_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o something_o be_v consult_o undertake_v 2._o §_o now_o chance_n in_o creek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o cause_n by_o accident_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o rare_o happen_v and_o that_o in_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v undertake_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o another_o and_o not_o only_o consult_o for_o chance_n extend_v far_a than_o fortune_n for_o whereas_o both_o be_v cause_n by_o accident_n which_o act_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o some_o end_n and_o be_v conversant_a in_o thing_n rare_o happen_v fortune_n only_o be_v place_v in_o those_o thing_n which_o act_v consult_o chance_v also_o in_o those_o which_o act_n by_o necessity_n of_o nature_n as_o in_o infant_n brute_n plant_n and_o also_o inanimate_a thing_n in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o fortune_n as_o for_o instance_n when_o any_o one_o dig_v find_v a_o treasure_n we_o may_v say_v that_o it_o be_v by_o chance_n or_o fortune_n do_v but_o when_o a_o tile_n fall_v from_o a_o house_n shall_v wound_v a_o passer_n by_o that_o be_v we_o say_v by_o chance_n not_o fortune_n do_v all_o fortune_n therefore_o be_v chance_n but_o not_o on_o the_o contrary_a as_o be_v say_v book_n the_o same_o cap._n 6._o although_o '_o these_o word_n be_v often_o confound_v ax._n 18._o five_o cause_o efficient_a be_v divide_v into_o principal_a and_o less_o principal_a ax._n 19_o a_o principal_n be_v that_o which_o produce_v the_o effect_n by_o its_o own_o virtue_n ax._n 20._o a_o less_o which_o inserve_n the_o principal_a towards_o its_o produce_v the_o effect_n ax._n 21._o the_o principal_a cause_n be_v either_o equal_a to_o or_o noble_a never_o worse_o than_o
or_o of_o great_a antiquity_n than_o another_o thing_n ax._n 4._o nature_n two_o way_n viz._n in_o consecution_n of_o existence_n and_o causality_n 1._o §_o aristotle_n indeed_o affirm_v that_o alone_a to_o be_v first_o in_o nature_n which_o be_v first_o in_o causality_n but_o that_o also_o seem_v to_o be_v reasonable_o so_o call_v which_o be_v first_o in_o consecution_n of_o existence_n viz._n ax._n 5._o that_o from_o which_o consecution_n of_o existence_n be_v not_o reciprocate_v and_o 1._o §_o this_o simplicius_n interpret_v in_o this_o manner_n that_o say_v he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v first_o which_o another_o thing_n be_v suppose_v be_v itself_o suppose_v but_o that_o suppose_a that_o other_o thing_n be_v not_o suppose_v for_o example_n suppose_v the_o binary_a number_n you_o suppose_v also_o unity_n but_o suppose_v unity_n you_o suppose_v not_o the_o binary_a number_n and_o suppose_v man_n you_o suppose_v also_o animal_n but_o suppose_v animal_n you_o do_v not_o suppose_v also_o man_n unity_n therefore_o be_v before_o the_o binary_a number_n and_o animal_n before_o man_n and_o likewise_o every_o genus_fw-la before_o its_o species_n and_o species_n its_o individual_a as_o to_o consecution_n of_o existence_n ax._n 6._o that_o which_o be_v before_o in_o causality_n be_v that_o which_o be_v reciprocate_v according_a to_o the_o consecution_n of_o existence_n and_o be_v every_o way_n the_o cause_n why_o the_o other_o exist_v 1._o §_o so_o the_o sun_n be_v before_o its_o light_n and_o thing_n truth_n of_o speech_n for_o although_o the_o sun_n and_o light_n thing_n and_o truth_n of_o speech_n may_v be_v reciprocate_v according_a to_o consecution_n of_o existence_n and_o mutual_o take_v away_o and_o suppose_v each_o other_o yet_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o its_o light_n and_o the_o thing_n of_o verity_n in_o speech_n because_o as_o the_o thing_n be_v or_o be_v not_o the_o oration_n be_v say_v to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a in_o this_o manner_n therefore_o the_o sun_n be_v say_v to_o be_v before_o its_o light_n and_o the_o thing_n verity_n in_o speech_n 2._o §_o that_o which_o be_v before_o in_o causality_n or_o nature_n cause_v far_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o aristotle_n book_n 2._o of_o the_o part_n of_o an._n cap._n 1._o be_v say_v to_o be_v two_o way_n viz._n either_o by_o nature_n so_o generate_a or_o intend_v that_o which_o be_v first_o by_o order_n of_o nature_n generate_a that_o be_v which_o be_v most_o simple_a as_o the_o part_n the_o whole_a principle_n and_o element_n than_o the_o thing_n which_o out_o of_o such_o principle_n and_o element_n be_v make_v of_o nature_n intend_v that_o which_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a and_o for_o who_o sake_n and_o cause_n other_o thing_n be_v make_v as_o the_o whole_a than_o its_o part_n that_o which_o consist_v of_o principle_n and_o element_n than_o the_o principle_n and_o element_n themselves_o and_o every_o end_n than_o its_o mean_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 7._o that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v first_o in_o disposition_n which_o be_v the_o least_o distant_a from_o the_o beginning_n 1._o §_o so_o the_o exordium_n in_o a_o speech_n be_v before_o its_o proposition_n the_o proposition_n the_o narration_n the_o narration_n the_o confirmation_n the_o confirmation_n the_o refutation_n and_o the_o refutation_n the_o epilogue_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o every_o discipline_n that_o which_o be_v first_o deliver_v ax._n 8._o that_o in_o dignity_n be_v always_o first_o which_o be_v of_o the_o more_o worth_a or_o value_n so_o the_o magistrate_n be_v before_o the_o subject_a the_o father_n the_o child_n the_o master_n the_o servant_n gold_n silver_n virtue_n gold_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 9_o in_o cognition_n that_o which_o be_v most_o easy_o know_v 1._o §_o of_o this_o mode_n no_o mention_n be_v make_v by_o aristotle_n in_o this_o place_n but_o in_o book_n 4._o of_o the_o metaph_n cap._n 11._o and_o book_n 6._o of_o the_o top._n cap._n 4._o he_o do_v mention_v it_o where_o that_o which_o be_v first_o in_o cognition_n he_o call_v more_o know_v or_o rather_o that_o i_o may_v so_o say_v more_o noscible_a a_o thing_n be_v so_o say_v two_o way_n viz._n either_o simple_o or_o in_o regard_n of_o we_o that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o simple_o which_o be_v so_o according_a to_o reason_n and_o they_o in_o who_o reason_n be_v right_o dispose_v to_o we_o which_o as_o to_o the_o sense_n and_o vulgar_o those_o thing_n therefore_o be_v say_v to_o be_v simple_o more_o know_v which_o by_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v first_o as_o universals_z singular_n or_o less_o universals_z part_n than_o their_o whole_a principle_n than_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v make_v of_o such_o principle_n but_o to_o we_o which_o be_v posterior_n in_o nature_n and_o more_o neighbour_a upon_o the_o sense_n far_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v simple_o so_o be_v more_o know_v according_a to_o a_o distinct_a and_o perfect_a knowledge_n for_o a_o distinct_a and_o perfect_a knowledge_n follow_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n and_o lie_n in_o they_o which_o be_v endue_v with_o a_o well-disposed_a mind_n but_o those_o thing_n which_o to_o we_o be_v according_a to_o a_o confuse_a and_o imperfect_a knowledge_n which_o take_v its_o original_a from_o the_o sense_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 10._o thing_n also_o be_v say_v to_o be_v together_o as_o many_o way_n as_o first_o but_o two_o be_v more_o use_v than_o the_o rest_n and_o those_o be_v time_n and_o nature_n ax._n 11._o those_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v together_o in_o time_n which_o exist_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o that_o may_v be_v say_v 1._o §_o two_o way_n viz._n simple_o or_o according_a to_o something_o those_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v together_o simple_o which_o take_v their_o original_n together_o at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o equal_n some_o respect_n of_o which_o the_o one_o begin_v before_o the_o other_o end_n as_o such_o as_o live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n or_o be_v contemporary_n so_o aristotle_n and_o plato_n be_v say_v to_o be_v contemporary_n although_o plato_n be_v bear_v before_o he_o and_o die_v before_o he_o ax._n 12._o together_o in_o nature_n also_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v two_o way_n viz._n some_o simple_o or_o absolute_o and_o other_o according_a to_o something_o or_o in_o some_o respect_n and_o ax._n 13._o such_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o absolute_o which_o be_v reciprocate_v indeed_o according_a to_o consecution_n of_o existence_n but_o yet_o not_o so_o as_o that_o the_o one_o shall_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o other_o exist_v 1._o §_o so_o the_o relate_v and_o correlate_n be_v say_v to_o be_v together_o in_o nature_n and_o two_o effect_n depend_v upon_o the_o same_o next_o cause_n as_o to_o be_v risible_a and_o capable_a of_o discipline_n in_o man._n ax._n 14._o those_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v together_o according_a to_o something_o or_o with_o respect_n to_o some_o three_o which_o be_v oppose_v under_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la in_o division_n each_o to_o the_o other_o 1._o §_o so_o man_n and_o beast_n be_v say_v to_o be_v together_o nor_o simple_o and_o of_o themselves_o but_o in_o respect_n of_o animal_n for_o animal_n be_v predicate_v of_o both_o together_o and_o not_o first_o of_o the_o one_o and_o then_o of_o the_o other_o in_o which_o the_o synonymous_n genus_fw-la be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o homonymous_n because_o this_o be_v not_o predicate_v together_o of_o its_o species_n but_o first_o of_o one_o and_o then_o of_o the_o other_o and_o thus_o far_o of_o affection_n of_o simple_a theme_n as_o well_o the_o simple_a as_o the_o conjoin_v chap._n xxiv_o of_o interpretation_n in_o general_n and_o of_o noun_n and_o verb._n ax._n 1_o interpretation_n be_v a_o articulate_v voice_n signify_v the_o conception_n of_o the_o mind_n according_a to_o institution_n 1._o §_o of_o voice_n the_o one_o be_v articulate_v whilst_o the_o other_o not_o that_o we_o call_v articulate_v which_o consist_v of_o so_o many_o syllable_n or_o letter_n as_o so_o many_o joint_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v write_v as_o man_z animal_n etc._n etc._n inarticulate_a which_o consist_v not_o of_o syllable_n and_o letter_n as_o the_o other_o and_o may_v not_o be_v write_v as_o lowing_n whynnying_n weep_v and_o laugh_v etc._n etc._n according_a to_o institution_n that_o be_v the_o arbitrary_a use_n of_o man_n which_o use_v the_o same_o society_n in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o give_v force_n and_o law_n to_o speech_n or_o interpretation_n may_v have_v be_v define_v in_o this_o manner_n viz._n interpretation_n be_v a_o symbol_n consist_v of_o a_o articulate_v voice_n signify_v the_o conception_n of_o the_o mind_n according_a to_o institution_n which_o bring_v we_o to_o the_o next_o observation_n ax._n 2._o that_o interpretation_n must_v be_v perspicuous_a that_o be_v distinct_a proper_a and_o use_v ax._n 3_o interpretation_n be_v either_o word_n or_o
if_o science_n it_o be_v call_v demonstrative_a or_o apodictical_a as_o cap._n 2._o soph._n elench_v and_o if_o opinion_n or_o other_o assent_n beside_o science_n it_o be_v call_v dialectical_a etc._n etc._n ax._n 3_o so_o that_o a_o dialectical_a syllogism_n be_v nothing_o more_o than_o a_o syllogism_n generate_a opinion_n or_o any_o other_o assent_n beside_o science_n or_o as_o aristotle_n explain_v himself_o book_n 1._o of_o his_o top._n cap._n 1._o argue_v out_o of_o probable_n and_o he_o be_v think_v the_o best_a dialectic_a who_o can_v best_o defend_v his_o own_o and_o dilute_a or_o wash_v away_o the_o opinion_n of_o his_o adversary_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 4._o and_o in_o treat_v of_o this_o sort_n of_o syllogism_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v of_o question_n proposition_n and_o invention_n of_o argument_n ax._n 5._o and_o a_o question_n here_o may_v be_v any_o thing_n provide_v it_o contradict_v not_o piety_n good_a manner_n or_o common_a sense_n 1._o §_o for_o he_o that_o shall_v call_v in_o question_n whether_o god_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v or_o parent_n honour_v or_o the_o magistrate_n to_o be_v obey_v aught_o rather_o to_o be_v punish_v than_o follow_v with_o dialectical_a argument_n so_o he_o that_o shaâ—â—_n doubt_v whether_o the_o snow_n be_v white_a be_v not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v convince_v than_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o his_o outward_a sense_n which_o he_o who_o disbelieve_v what_o be_v iâ—_n that_o he_o will_v believe_v etc._n etc._n ax._n 6._o so_o that_o concern_v the_o subject_a of_o the_o dialectical_a problem_n we_o need_v not_o much_o to_o be_v solicitous_a anâ—_n their_o attribute_n be_v either_o of_o the_o first_o or_o second_o notion_n of_o which_o those_o constitute_v real_a these_o notional_a problem_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 7._o a_o real_a be_v when_o the_o attribute_n of_o thâ—_n question_n be_v real_a as_o be_v a_o place_n a_o superficies_n or_o so_o a_o notional_a when_o a_o notional_a as_o be_v superficies_n the_o gonus_fw-la of_o place_n or_o so_o because_o genus_fw-la be_v not_o a_o true_a thing_n but_o a_o second_o notion_n or_o logical_a and_o only_o feign_v in_o the_o mind_n whereas_o a_o superficies_n be_v a_o true_a thinâ—_n and_o not_o feign_v in_o the_o mind_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 8._o real_a again_o be_v either_o absolute_a or_o compare_v ax._n 9_o absolute_a that_o in_o which_o seek_v whether_o tâ—â—_n attribute_n agree_v to_o the_o subject_a or_o no._n ax._n 10._o compare_v when_o two_o or_o more_o subject_a be_v propose_v it_o be_v ask_v which_o the_o attribute_n degree_n or_o disagree_v most_o to_o or_o two_o or_o more_o attribute_n whether_o of_o they_o agree_v more_o or_o most_o to_o 〈◊〉_d subject_a etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o for_o example_n when_o saught_v whether_o glery_n to_o be_v number_v among_o our_o good_a thing_n it_o be_v a_o absolute_a problem_n when_o whether_o virtue_n or_o glory_n a_o most_o to_o be_v desire_v or_o alexander_n more_o valiant_a or_o tâ—â—â—rate_a a_o compare_v ax._n 11._o problem_n dialectical_a of_o what_o kind_n soever_o may_v be_v take_v out_o of_o all_o discipline_n whatsoever_o ax._n 12._o proposition_n dialectical_a be_v to_o be_v true_a 〈◊〉_d least_o probable_a not_o paradoxal_a that_o be_v against_o the_o common_a or_o receive_a opinion_n for_o how_o shall_v the_o respondent_fw-la grant_v that_o which_o be_v against_o the_o common_a or_o receive_v opinion_n and_o which_o it_o may_v be_v he_o judge_v to_o be_v false_a but_o let_v we_o take_v some_o note_n from_o the_o learned_a hereboord_n and_o so_o end_v this_o chapter_n note_n and_o observation_n from_o the_o learned_a hereboord_n have_v relation_n to_o this_o chapter_n 1._o a_o dialectical_a syllogism_n may_v also_o thus_o be_v define_v a_o dialectical_a syllogism_n be_v that_o which_o beget_v opinion_n human_a faith_n or_o doubt_v or_o any_o other_o assent_n beside_o science_n or_o error_n which_o distinguish_v it_o likewise_o from_o the_o sophistical_a syllogism_n 2._o a_o syllogism_n dialectical_a be_v also_o by_o another_o name_n call_v topical_a from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d place_n in_o latin_a probabilis_fw-la that_o be_v probable_a or_o contingent_a because_o though_o it_o produce_v a_o true_a yet_o be_v it_o a_o uncertain_a and_o infirm_a assent_n because_o its_o proposition_n though_o true_a be_v yet_o contingent_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o be_v say_v above_o 3._o when_o a_o paradox_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o problem_n true_a against_o the_o common_a opinion_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o that_o of_o the_o unlearned_a or_o vulgar_a but_o also_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o letter_a who_o have_v take_v up_o with_o principle_n ancient_a and_o not_o so_o well_o examine_v such_o as_o that_o viz._n the_o earth_n move_v which_o though_o it_o be_v true_a yet_o may_v it_o be_v so_o against_o the_o common_a opinion_n and_o therefore_o a_o paradox_n 4._o a_o term_n of_o art_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o this_o viz._n a_o term_n proper_a to_o every_o art_n so_o metonymy_a and_o synecdoche_n be_v term_n of_o art_n viz._n rhetorical_a meridian_n horizon_n zodiac_n astronomical_a genus_fw-la and_o species_n logical_a etc._n etc._n and_o this_o bring_v we_o to_o the_o next_o consideration_n viz._n that_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o invention_n or_o find_v out_o of_o dialectical_a argument_n or_o topical_a place_n and_o rule_n ax._n 1_o now_o to_o the_o invention_n or_o find_v out_o of_o probable_a or_o dialectical_a argument_n belong_v place_n and_o rule_n a._n 2._o a_o place_n be_v a_o seat_n or_o certain_a common_a note_n by_o who_o admonition_n a_o argument_n be_v find_v ax._n 3_o a_o rule_n a_o canon_n or_o proposition_n contain_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o consequence_n of_o dialectical_a syllogism_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 4._o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o argument_n here_o to_o be_v use_v viz._n in_o dialectical_a disputation_n be_v usual_o into_o artificial_a and_o inartificial_a that_o be_v into_o those_o of_o art_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o question_n and_o testimony_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v without_o now_o the_o first_o ax._n 5._o be_v to_o be_v use_v for_o the_o confirm_v or_o refel_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o problem_n alike_o that_o be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v no_o other_o than_o testimony_n but_o the_o artificial_a not_o but_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n viz._n those_o for_o the_o confirm_v and_o refel_v of_o notional_a and_o those_o for_o confirm_v and_o refel_v of_o such_o as_o we_o have_v call_v real_a problem_n because_o concern_v about_o real_a thing_n ax._n 6._o now_o those_o of_o the_o first_o kind_n viz._n for_o the_o confirm_v and_o refel_v of_o notional_a problem_n be_v always_o take_v from_o the_o nature_n or_o propriety_n of_o that_o affection_n or_o 2d_o notion_n concern_v which_o it_o be_v query_v in_o the_o problem_n 1._o §_o which_o or_o else_o some_o canon_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v place_v in_o the_o major_n a_o assumption_n be_v make_v the_o controvert_v affection_n be_v prove_v to_o be_v in_o the_o subject_a as_o because_o air_n be_v the_o subject_a matter_n of_o wind_n we_o prove_v it_o not_o to_o be_v its_o genus_fw-la and_o because_o immortality_n be_v the_o affection_n of_o life_n eternal_a we_o prove_v it_o not_o to_o be_v its_o genus_fw-la both_o which_o argument_n lean_a upon_o this_o rule_n viz._n that_o that_o which_o be_v the_o subject_a or_o propriety_n of_o a_o thing_n can_v be_v its_o genus_fw-la etc._n etc._n give_v we_o cap._n 11._o of_o the_o first_o book_n and_o so_o divine_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o good_a work_n be_v not_o to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o our_o justification_n because_o every_o cause_n be_v before_o its_o effect_n but_o good_a work_n be_v after_o our_o justification_n and_o therefore_o not_o its_o cause_n and_o this_o argumentation_n lean_v upon_o this_o foundation_n theorem_a 3._o cap._n 15._o of_o the_o first_o book_n viz_o that_o every_o cause_n be_v before_o it_o be_v cause_v in_o nature_n and_o knowledge_n etc._n etc._n such_o syllogism_n as_o these_o aristotle_n call_v book_n 2._o post_n cap._n 8._o syllogism_n logical_a that_o be_v notional_a and_o the_o use_v of_o they_o be_v very_o great_a in_o all_o discipline_n ax._n 9_o argument_n of_o the_o other_o sort_n viz._n for_o prove_v or_o refel_v of_o real_a problem_n be_v always_o take_v from_o the_o affection_n belong_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o subject_a or_o predicate_v as_o from_o their_o place_n ax._n 10._o of_o which_o those_o be_v the_o best_a which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o predicate_a because_o not_o seek_v whether_o the_o subject_a be_v but_o predicate_v or_o whether_o the_o predicate_v be_v in_o the_o subject_a or_o not_o etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o now_o for_o example_n of_o they_o both_o suppose_v any_o one_o
shall_v argue_v in_o this_o manner_n viz._n animal_n be_v a_o genus_fw-la or_o trissylable_a man_n be_v a_o animal_n and_o therefore_o man_n be_v a_o genus_fw-la or_o trissyllable_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 9_o second_o take_v away_o the_o genus_fw-la you_o take_v away_o the_o species_n or_o that_o from_o which_o you_o take_v away_o the_o genus_fw-la you_o take_v away_o also_o the_o species_n 1._o §_o as_o if_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o sense_n be_v not_o science_n one_o shall_v say_v it_o be_v not_o a_o habit_n because_o if_o not_o a_o habit_n it_o can_v be_v a_o science_n since_o there_o be_v no_o science_n but_o what_o be_v a_o habit_n that_o be_v but_o what_o be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o genus_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o canon_n from_o hence_o observe_v the_o caution_n above-given_a be_v always_o very_o certain_a ax._n 10._o the_o next_o place_n be_v that_o of_o the_o species_n which_o have_v three_o canon_n first_o suppose_v the_o species_n you_o suppose_v also_o the_o genus_fw-la or_o that_o to_o which_o the_o species_n be_v attribute_v to_o that_o also_o the_o genus_fw-la etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o logic_n be_v a_o habit_n because_o it_o be_v a_o art_n which_o be_v a_o species_n of_o habit_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 11._o second_o the_o species_n be_v all_o take_v away_o the_o genus_fw-la be_v also_o take_v away_o or_o that_o from_o which_o all_o the_o species_n be_v take_v away_o from_o that_o also_o the_o genus_fw-la 1._o §_o as_o friendship_n be_v not_o fortitude_n or_o temperance_n or_o justice_n or_o prudence_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o not_o a_o virtue_n etc._n etc._n and_o such_o a_o argumentation_n as_o this_o be_v a_o syllogism_n of_o numeration_n of_o part_n ax._n 12._o three_o that_o which_o to_o all_o the_o species_n that_o also_o to_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o that_o which_o to_o none_o that_o neither_o to_o the_o genus_fw-la etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o and_o this_o canon_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o induction_n as_o well_o the_o affirm_v as_o deny_v of_o which_o we_o have_v entreat_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n to_o which_o recourse_n may_v be_v have_v if_o the_o reader_n shall_v so_o think_v fit_a for_o example_n now_o all_o the_o canon_n of_o this_o place_n be_v very_o faithful_a ax._n 13._o the_o place_n from_o the_o whole_a have_v two_o canon_n and_o first_o the_o whole_a be_v posit_v all_o the_o principal_a part_n be_v so_o 1._o §_o or_o that_o to_o which_o the_o whole_a be_v attribute_v to_o that_o also_o all_o the_o principal_a part_n as_o to_z sempronius_z there_o be_v maintenance_n give_v and_o therefore_o clothes_n victual_n and_o habitation_n etc._n etc._n i_o say_v the_o the_o principal_a because_o the_o whole_a be_v suppose_v that_o every_o the_o least_o part_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o integrity_n not_o essence_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o be_v not_o necessary_a ax._n 14._o second_o that_o which_o agree_v to_o the_o similar_v whole_a that_o also_o to_o the_o singular_a part_n of_o it_o and_o that_o which_o not_o to_o such_o a_o whole_a that_o neither_o to_o any_o part_n of_o it_o as_o for_o instance_n 1._o §_o water_n by_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v moist_a and_o therefore_o every_o drop_n of_o it_o be_v moist_a the_o heaven_n be_v not_o corruptible_a and_o therefore_o not_o the_o star_n etc._n etc._n here_o we_o be_v to_o take_v heed_n lest_o what_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o whole_a as_o whole_a be_v not_o also_o attribute_v to_o the_o part._n for_o not_o because_o there_o be_v water_n every_o where_n about_o the_o earth_n do_v it_o follow_v that_o every_o drop_v of_o it_o be_v every_o where_o about_o the_o earth_n etc._n etc._n now_o the_o canon_n of_o this_o place_n be_v very_o certain_a ax._n 15._o the_o place_n from_o part_n have_v four_o canon_n and_o first_o all_o the_o part_n be_v posit_v and_o join_v the_o whole_a must_v be_v also_o posit_v too_o as_o for_o instance_n 1._o §_o caesar_n occupy_v belgium_n and_o aquitaine_n and_o celtica_n and_o therefore_o all_o gallia_n i_o say_v unite_v because_o posit_v all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o whole_a and_o those_o part_v not_o unite_v the_o whole_a be_v not_o yet_o posit_v as_o for_o instance_n a_o house_n which_o you_o know_v till_o the_o material_n be_v join_v as_o well_o as_o provide_v become_v not_o a_o house_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 16._o the_o second_o be_v take_v away_o the_o principal_a part_n you_o take_v away_o also_o the_o whole_a as_o for_o instance_n 1._o §_o infant_n be_v destitute_a of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o christ_n and_o therefore_o of_o faith_n i_o say_v the_o principal_a part_n because_o the_o hand_n take_v away_o the_o man_n do_v not_o die_v but_o become_v only_o lame_a but_o let_v it_o be_v the_o head_n or_o the_o other_o principal_a part_n and_o he_o total_o expire_v etc._n etc._n ax._n 17._o three_o that_o which_o agree_v to_o all_o the_o part_n that_o also_o to_o the_o whole_a and_o that_o which_o to_o none_o that_o neither_o to_o the_o whole_a etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o as_o for_o instance_n the_o law_n prophet_n gospel_n with_o the_o write_n of_o the_o holy_a apostle_n be_v all_o divine_o inspire_v and_o therefore_o the_o whole_a scripture_n be_v divine_o inspire_v the_o wall_n column_n beam_n rafter_n roof_n of_o the_o house_n etc._n etc._n seem_v not_o to_o be_v old_a and_o therefore_o the_o house_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v old_a etc._n etc._n ax._n 19_o four_o that_o which_o agree_v to_o a_o similar_v part_n that_o also_o to_o the_o whole_a and_o that_o which_o agree_v not_o to_o the_o similar_v part_n that_o neither_o to_o the_o whole_a 1._o §_o as_o for_o instance_n every_o drop_n of_o water_n be_v moist_a and_o therefore_o the_o water_n itself_o be_v so_o the_o star_n be_v incorruptible_a and_o therefore_o the_o heaven_n etc._n etc._n here_o one_o be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o that_o which_o agree_v to_o the_o similar_v part_n only_o by_o some_o external_n cause_n and_o not_o the_o condition_n of_o its_o proper_a nature_n be_v not_o conclude_v of_o the_o whole_a for_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v from_o every_o drop_n of_o water_n be_v round_o that_o the_o whole_a element_n be_v so_o for_o beside_o that_o no_o element_n beside_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o any_o determinate_a figure_n even_o the_o rotundity_n of_o the_o drop_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o paucity_n of_o their_o matter_n by_o which_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o can_v flow_v in_o other_o case_n the_o canon_n of_o this_o place_n be_v very_o certain_a ax._n 19_o the_o place_n from_o the_o cause_n in_o general_n have_v this_o canon_n viz._n that_o the_o cause_n be_v actual_o put_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o cause_v shall_v be_v so_o too_o and_o so_o vice_n versà _fw-fr 1._o §_o the_o cause_n in_o act_n be_v say_v to_o be_v that_o which_o cause_n or_o exercise_n its_o office_n and_o causality_n now_o it_o will_v imply_v a_o contradiction_n for_o one_o to_o say_v that_o the_o cause_v cause_n and_o yet_o that_o the_o cause_v be_v not_o cause_v as_o for_o example_n that_o the_o workman_n be_v building_n and_o yet_o that_o the_o house_n be_v not_o or_o that_o the_o house_n be_v a_o building_n and_o yet_o that_o there_o be_v no_o workman_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 20._o the_o place_n from_o matter_n have_v two_o canon_n and_o first_o the_o matter_n be_v take_v away_o the_o compose_v and_o also_o its_o material_a form_n be_v so_o 1._o §_o as_o if_o you_o shall_v prove_v where_o there_o be_v no_o wood_n there_o can_v be_v no_o ship_n or_o because_o stone_n have_v no_o organical_a body_n neither_o can_v they_o have_v a_o soul_n i_o say_v material_a form_n because_o immaterial_a such_o as_o be_v the_o humane_a soul_n by_o take_v away_o the_o matter_n can_v be_v take_v away_o etc._n etc._n ax._n 21._o second_o such_o as_o be_v the_o matter_n such_o be_v also_o the_o compose_v 1._o §_o as_o the_o statue_n be_v of_o worm-eaten_a or_o rot_a wood_n and_o therefore_o itself_o also_o be_v so_o this_o canon_n take_v place_n only_o in_o thing_n make_v of_o art_n for_o in_o other_o thing_n it_o will_v be_v fallacious_a ax._n 22._o the_o place_n from_o form_n have_v this_o canon_n viz._n posit_v the_o form_n the_o compose_v also_o be_v post_v and_o that_o take_v away_o the_o compose_v be_v also_o take_v away_o 1._o §_o as_o the_o pigmy_n have_v a_o rational_a soul_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v man_n the_o star_n have_v not_o a_o soul_n and_o therefore_o they_o do_v not_o live_v this_o canon_n be_v altogether_o irrefragable_a provide_v the_o first_o part_n be_v understand_v of_o material_a form_n for_o posit_v the_o rational_a soul_n that_o the_o man_n shall_v be_v so_o too_o be_v not_o necessary_a but_o yet_o this_o viz._n
that_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o man_n if_o he_o have_v a_o rational_a soul_n be_v requisite_a and_o necessary_a etc._n etc._n ax._n 23._o place_v from_o efficient_a have_v two_o canon_n and_o the_o first_o of_o they_o be_v such_o as_o the_o cause_n be_v such_o be_v the_o effect_n etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o and_o thus_o god_n be_v very_o good_a and_o therefore_o his_o work_n be_v so_o this_o canon_n be_v deceitful_a unless_o cautious_o use_v for_o first_o it_o sail_v in_o cause_n that_o be_v by_o accident_n for_o neither_o do_v it_o follow_v that_o a_o son_n be_v good_a because_o his_o father_n be_v so_o nor_o yet_o bad_a for_o a_o son_n be_v not_o produce_v by_o his_o father_n as_o he_o be_v good_a or_o bad_a but_o as_o he_o be_v a_o man_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o it_o fail_v in_o equivocal_a cause_n for_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v animate_v although_o it_o animate_v the_o world_n nor_o that_o the_o whetstone_n be_v sharp_a although_o it_o sharpen_v iron_n last_o in_o cause_n voluntary_a when_o make_v use_n of_o their_o utmost_a endeavour_n they_o do_v something_o which_o do_v not_o correspond_v to_o their_o skill_n or_o art_n as_o when_o a_o painter_n paint_v less_o elegant_o than_o become_v his_o art_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 24_o second_o that_o which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v also_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o cause_v etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o as_o virtue_n be_v partly_o from_o nature_n partly_o from_o institution_n partly_o from_o custom_n virtue_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o civil_a happiness_n and_o therefore_o civil_a happiness_n be_v partly_o from_o nature_n partly_o from_o institution_n partly_o from_o custom_n etc._n etc._n this_o canon_n have_v place_n only_o in_o cause_n subordinate_a of_o themselves_o for_o in_o cause_n subordinate_a by_o accident_n it_o for_o the_o most_o part_n fail_v for_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v because_o god_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o our_o will_n and_o our_o will_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o sin_n that_o therefore_o god_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o sin_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 25._o place_v from_o the_o end_n have_v this_o canon_n viz._n that_o the_o end_n be_v put_v there_o be_v also_o put_v the_o mean_n to_o that_o end_n 1._o §_o and_o so_o ovid_n conclude_v that_o man_n be_v make_v with_o a_o upright_a countenance_n because_o to_o contemplate_v the_o heaven_n deem_v that_o to_o be_v the_o end_n of_o a_o upright_a figure_n the_o word_n of_o the_o sweet_a poet_n be_v these_o omnia_fw-la cùm_fw-la spectent_fw-la animalia_fw-la cetera_fw-la terram_fw-la os_fw-la homini_fw-la sublime_a dedit_fw-la caelùmque_fw-la tueri_fw-la jussit_fw-la &_o erectos_fw-la ad_fw-la sydera_fw-la tollere_fw-la vultus_fw-la which_o admirable_a pare-royal_a may_v be_v render_v in_o these_o two_o sorry_a couplet_n in_o this_o manner_n and_o whereas_o other_o animal_n behold_v with_o downcast_a look_v this_o sublunary_a mould_n to_o man_n he_o give_v a_o stately_a upright_a frame_n and_o bid_v he_o view_v those_o heaven_n from_o whence_o he_o come_v which_o though_o they_o fail_v as_o to_o their_o versifcation_n yet_o may_v they_o serve_v to_o show_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o mean_v of_o that_o memorable_a passage_n of_o excellent_a ovid._n now_o the_o mean_n be_v often_o express_v by_o a_o negation_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o impede_fw-la the_o end_n as_o the_o pupil_n or_o apple_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v to_o admit_v all_o colour_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v without_o colour_n the_o elect_n must_v be_v save_v and_o therefore_o must_v not_o sin_n unto_o death_n etc._n etc._n but_o now_o though_o the_o end_v be_v put_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o mean_n shall_v be_v so_o yet_o that_o the_o end_v not_o be_v put_v they_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o be_v not_o always_o necessary_a for_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v destitute_a of_o book_n and_o master_n because_o he_o be_v not_o learned_a etc._n etc._n ax._n 26._o now_o the_o place_n from_o cause_v have_v four_o canon_n and_o the_o first_o be_v the_o compose_v posit_v the_o matter_n and_o form_n must_v be_v so_o too_o and_o when_o that_o be_v take_v away_o the_o material_a form_n also_o must_v be_v take_v away_o 1._o §_o and_o so_o plant_n be_v live_v thing_n and_o therefore_o they_o must_v have_v a_o body_n and_o soul_n and_o stone_n be_v not_o and_o therefore_o they_o must_v not_o have_v a_o soul_n i_o say_v form_n material_a for_o that_o the_o compose_v take_v away_o the_o matter_n shall_v be_v so_o too_o or_o the_o form_n immaterial_a be_v not_o necessary_a for_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v no_o iron_n because_o no_o sword_n or_o that_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v not_o because_o he_o die_v etc._n etc._n ax._n 27._o second_o the_o effect_n be_v posit_v it_o follow_v that_o either_o there_o be_v a_o cause_n efficient_a or_o else_o that_o there_o have_v be_v one_o 1._o §_o as_o there_o be_v a_o building_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v or_o be_v a_o architect_n to_o build_v it_o here_o be_v the_o footstep_n and_o therefore_o this_o way_n in_o all_o likelihood_n there_o have_v pass_v some_o man_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 28._o three_o such_o as_o be_v the_o effect_n such_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o produce_v it_o 1._o §_o as_o this_o picture_n be_v fine_a and_o therefore_o so_o must_v the_o artist_n be_v that_o draw_v it_o to_o this_o be_v to_o be_v add_v the_o same_o limitation_n which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o first_o of_o the_o place_n from_o cause_n efficient_a viz_o the_o caution_n against_o accidental_n and_o aequivocals_n because_o in_o these_o case_n this_o rule_n may_v fail_v we_o ax._n 29._o four_o the_o mean_v take_v away_o the_o end_n must_v also_o be_v so_o too_o 1._o §_o as_o stones_z be_v not_o nourish_v and_o therefore_o they_o do_v not_o live_v many_o man_n the_o gospel_n will_v not_o be_v preach_v to_o and_o therefore_o many_o man_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o gospel_n will_v not_o be_v save_v etc._n etc._n ax._n 30._o the_o place_n from_o the_o subject_n have_v this_o canon_n viz._n that_o the_o subject_a be_v posit_v the_o propriety_n must_v also_o be_v so_o too_o and_o that_o take_v away_o the_o propriety_n must_v also_o be_v so_o too_o 1._o §_o as_o christ_n be_v god_n and_o therefore_o he_o have_v the_o power_n to_o forgive_v sin_n the_o write_n of_o the_o father_n be_v not_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o of_o divine_a authority_n etc._n etc._n now_o these_o canon_n without_o any_o limitation_n be_v certain_a and_o firm_a ax._n 31._o the_o place_n for_o adjunct_n be_v of_o great_a extent_n and_o have_v under_o it_o propriety_n object_n sign_n and_o circumstance_n now_o ax._n 32._o the_o place_n from_o propriety_n have_v two_o canon_n and_o first_o that_o to_o which_o the_o propriety_n be_v give_v to_o that_o also_o the_o subject_a and_o that_o to_o which_o the_o propriety_n be_v not_o give_v to_o that_o neither_o the_o subject_a etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o as_o christ_n be_v omniscient_a and_o therefore_o he_o be_v god_n angel_n fill_v up_o no_o place_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v not_o body_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 33._o the_o second_o be_v that_o which_o be_v say_v of_o the_o propriety_n may_v be_v also_o say_v of_o the_o subject_a and_o that_o which_o can_v be_v say_v of_o the_o propriety_n that_o neither_o of_o the_o subject_a etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o as_o a_o talkative_a person_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v and_o therefore_o a_o busybody_n or_o one_o that_o be_v inquisitive_a into_o other_o people_n matter_n a_o wise_a man_n be_v not_o to_o repose_v himself_o upon_o thing_n of_o a_o fleet_a and_o transitory_a nature_n and_o therefore_o not_o upon_o riches_n or_o other_o earthly_a commodity_n or_o good_n etc._n etc._n axe_n 34._o the_o place_n from_o object_n in_o the_o second_o place_n have_v this_o canon_n viz._n that_o that_o to_o which_o the_o object_n be_v give_v to_o that_o also_o the_o subject_a and_o that_o to_o which_o the_o object_n be_v not_o to_o that_o neither_o the_o subject_a etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o as_o the_o doctrine_n of_o fallacious_a sophism_n direct_v the_o mind_n towards_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n and_o therefore_o be_v a_o part_n of_o logic_n logic_n have_v not_o thing_n necessary_a for_o its_o object_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o science_n etc._n etc._n the_o argument_n of_o this_o place_n be_v very_o firm_a if_o draw_v from_o proper_a object_n but_o otherwise_o only_o probable_a as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v thus_o he_o talk_v of_o military_a affair_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v a_o soldier_n of_o law_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v a_o lawyer_n her_o delight_n be_v not_o in_o woman_n company_n and_o therefore_o she_o be_v not_o a_o woman_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 35._o place_v from_o sign_n have_v this_o canon_n viz._n posit_v the_o
sign_n viz._n antecedent_n consequent_a or_o conjoin_v the_o thing_n sign_v be_v also_o posit_v and_o that_o take_v away_o the_o thing_n sign_v also_o be_v take_v away_o 1._o §_o as_o it_o be_v day_n and_o therefore_o the_o sun_n will_v rise_v the_o woman_n belong_v and_o therefore_o she_o have_v conceive_v the_o man_n fly_v and_o therefore_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o discover_v conspiracy_n it_o be_v not_o full-moon_n and_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o eclipse_n etc._n etc._n now_o argument_n draw_v from_o this_o place_n also_o be_v firm_a when_o the_o sign_n be_v necessary_a and_o proper_a to_o the_o thing_n sign_v otherwise_o they_o be_v only_o probable_a as_o he_o be_v not_o sempronius_n be_v enemy_n and_o therefore_o he_o kill_v he_o not_o the_o woman_n do_v not_o love_v the_o boy_n and_o therefore_o she_o be_v not_o his_o mother_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o philosopher_n make_v use_v of_o these_o so_o much_o the_o more_o spare_o ax._n 36._o the_o place_n from_o circumstance_n last_o have_v this_o canon_n viz._n posit_v the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o thing_n you_o posit_v the_o thing_n itself_o and_o take_v that_o away_o you_o also_o take_v away_o the_o thing_n itself_o 1._o §_o as_o he_o have_v steal_v something_o out_o of_o a_o sacred_a place_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v sacrilegious_a the_o spring_n come_v on_o and_o therefore_o flower_n will_v be_v find_v he_o go_v cover_v with_o a_o cowle_n or_o hood_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o monk_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v a_o monk_n christ_n be_v to_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o jewish_a polity_n and_o that_o at_o bethlethem_n which_o polity_n be_v not_o now_o in_o be_v as_o likewise_o bethlehem_n and_o therefore_o christ_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v bear_v as_o believe_v the_o unconvert_v jew_n but_o be_v so_o al-already_a he_o be_v not_o in_o mourn_v and_o therefore_o he_o mourn_v not_o etc._n etc._n argument_n also_o from_o this_o place_n be_v part_v firm_a and_o part_v probable_a and_o use_v will_v be_v the_o only_a mean_n to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o they_o and_o now_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o canon_n belong_v to_o place_n dissentaneous_a compare_v and_o testimony_n chap._n xviii_o of_o canon_n belong_v to_o place_n dissentaneous_a compare_v and_o testimony_n ax._n 1_o the_o place_n from_o opposite_n in_o general_n have_v these_o two_o canon_n and_o first_o that_o of_o which_o one_o of_o the_o opposite_n be_v affirm_v of_o that_o the_o other_o must_v be_v deny_v commentary_n 1._o §_o as_o it_o be_v a_o house_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v a_o man_n he_o be_v sick_a and_o therefore_o can_v be_v sound_n etc._n etc._n and_o here_o the_o law_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o we_o have_v recite_v book_n 1._o cap._n 22._o concern_v opposition_n ax._n 2._o the_o second_o be_v the_o predicate_v of_o opposite_n be_v also_o oppose_v 1._o §_o as._n a_o just_a man_n be_v he_o that_o keep_v the_o law_n and_o therefore_o a_o unjust_a that_o transgress_v it_o but_o here_o care_n be_v to_o be_v take_v lest_o their_o difference_n or_o affection_n generical_a be_v predicate_v for_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v in_o that_o a_o man_n have_v a_o animate_v body_n that_o a_o beast_n have_v a_o inanimate_a nor_o that_o because_o whiteness_n be_v visible_a blackness_n be_v invisible_a because_o to_o be_v animate_v be_v the_o difference_n generical_a of_o man_n and_o visible_a the_o affection_n of_o colour_n not_o whiteness_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o viz._n that_o because_o whiteness_n scatter_v therefore_o blackness_n gather_v the_o sight_n be_v a_o good_a consequence_n and_o do_v follow_v etc._n etc._n ax._n 3_o the_o place_n from_o contrary_n have_v three_o canon_n first_o that_o which_o take_v up_o one_o contrary_a that_o take_v up_o another_o and_o that_o which_o take_v not_o up_o one_o that_o neither_o another_o 1._o §_o as_o love_n be_v in_o the_o concupiscent_a appetite_n and_o therefore_o hatred_n right_n belong_v not_o to_o beast_n and_o therefore_o they_o can_v suffer_v injury_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 4._o second_o the_o cause_n effect_n and_o adjunct_n of_o contrary_n be_v contrary_n 1._o §_o as_o virtue_n be_v from_o a_o good_a and_o therefore_o vice_n from_o a_o ill_a habit._n that_o make_v one_o happy_a and_o therefore_o this_o miserable_a that_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v and_o therefore_o this_o to_o be_v shun_v etc._n etc._n but_o here_o two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v and_o first_o lest_o we_o take_v the_o cause_n or_o effect_n by_o accident_n instead_o of_o those_o per_fw-la se_fw-la for_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v a_o good_a man_n love_v and_o defend_v he_o and_o therefore_o a_o wicked_a man_n hate_v and_o desert_n he_o because_o love_n to_o one_o own_n be_v not_o from_o virtue_n but_o nature_n second_o who_o effect_n be_v dependent_a on_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o matter_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o dissimilitude_n of_o matter_n it_o often_o happen_v that_o the_o same_o cause_n produce_v contrary_a effect_n or_o contrary_a like_a for_o heat_n harden_v clay_n and_o soften_v wax_n and_o threaten_n not_o rare_o produce_v that_o in_o some_o which_o in_o other_o entreaty_n to_o wit_n because_o the_o efficient_a act_n not_o according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o its_o virtue_n but_o that_o of_o the_o subject_v matter_n ax._n 5._o three_o of_o contrary_n immediate_a of_o necessity_n one_o of_o they_o must_v be_v in_o the_o capacious_a subject_n and_o the_o other_o not_o 1._o §_o as_o libertus_fw-la be_v not_o a_o servant_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v free_a the_o number_n be_v not_o even_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v odd_a the_o canon_n here_o observe_v the_o aforesaid_a limitation_n be_v firm_a enough_o and_o especial_o the_o three_o ax._n 6._o place_v from_o relateds_n have_v but_o this_o canon_n viz._n posit_v one_o of_o the_o related_n there_o be_v also_o posit_v the_o other_o and_o that_o take_v away_o the_o other_o also_o be_v take_v away_o 1._o §_o as_o he_o to_o who_o his_o father_n be_v master_n the_o same_o be_v his_o father_n servant_n the_o confederate_n of_o rome_n be_v not_o their_o subject_n and_o therefore_o the_o roman_n be_v not_o their_o master_n etc._n etc._n this_o canon_n be_v most_o certain_a ax._n 7._o the_o place_n from_o privative_n have_v this_o canon_n viz._n of_o privative_n the_o one_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v in_o the_o capacious_a subject_n the_o other_o not_o 1._o §_o as_o he_o be_v blind_a and_o therefore_o do_v not_o see_v ay_o say_v our_o saviour_n be_o the_o light_n of_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o whosoever_o follow_v i_o walk_v not_o in_o darkness_n the_o subject_n be_v say_v to_o be_v capable_a when_o so_o in_o respect_n to_o nature_n and_o the_o time_n set_v by_o nature_n etc._n etc._n this_o canon_n hold_v firm_a ax._n 8._o place_v from_o contradicting_n have_v this_o one_o canon_n and_o that_o be_v one_o of_o the_o contradicting_n be_v place_v the_o other_o must_v be_v remove_v and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a 1._o §_o this_o canon_n be_v the_o very_a foundation_n upon_o which_o lean_a the_o principle_n of_o all_o science_n and_o which_o whosoever_o deny_v have_v no_o reason_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 9_o that_o from_o the_o major_n have_v two_o rule_n or_o canon_n and_o the_o first_o be_v that_o to_o which_o the_o major_n agree_v to_o that_o also_o the_o minor_n 1._o §_o as_o god_n give_v life_n to_o man_n and_o therefore_o he_o will_v give_v food_n body_n and_o therefore_o raiment_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 10._o the_o second_o that_o which_o convene_v not_o to_o the_o major_n that_o neither_o to_o the_o minor_n 1._o §_o as_o angel_n be_v not_o pure_a before_o god_n and_o therefore_o much_o less_o man._n a_o man_n take_v by_o his_o enemy_n can_v make_v his_o will_n much_o less_o a_o traitor_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 11._o place_v from_o the_o minor_a have_v also_o two_o canon_n and_o first_o that_o to_o which_o the_o less_o do_v not_o agree_v to_o that_o neither_o the_o great_a 1._o §_o as_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o be_v angry_a with_o one_o brother_n rash_o or_o without_o a_o cause_n much_o less_o to_o kill_v he_o ax._n 12._o second_o that_o which_o to_o the_o minor_a that_o also_o to_o the_o major_a 1._o §_o as_o a_o unchaste_a look_v upon_o a_o woman_n be_v a_o sin_n and_o therefore_o adultery_n god_n give_v food_n and_o raiment_n to_o the_o beast_n and_o therefore_o how_o much_o more_o to_o man_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 13._o place_v from_o equal_a have_v three_o canon_n and_o first_o to_o equal_v equal_a thing_n agree_v 1._o §_o as_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o david_n to_o eat_v the_o shewbread_n to_o allay_v his_o hunger_n and_o therefore_o for_o christ_n disciple_n to_o pull_v the_o ear_n of_o corn_n and_o eat_v they_o on_o the_o sabbath-day_n to_o satisfy_v
ax._n 1_o now_o canon_n compare_v be_v either_o of_o certain_a or_o else_o uncertain_a place_n ax._n 2._o and_o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v either_o general_n or_o special_a of_o which_o these_o contain_v a_o comparison_n in_o every_o those_o only_a in_o one_o certain_a genus_fw-la commentary_n 1._o §_o for_o example_n this_o canon_n that_o who_o effect_n be_v more_o such_o that_o itself_o be_v more_o such_o be_v of_o certain_a place_n because_o it_o express_v the_o place_n of_o the_o effect_n from_o whence_o this_o argument_n be_v take_v and_o general_n because_o adaptible_a to_o all_o thing_n which_o admit_v of_o any_o kind_n of_o comparison_n but_o now_o that_o that_o which_o agree_v to_o the_o better_a subject_n that_o itself_o be_v better_o be_v indeed_o of_o certain_a place_n because_o indicating_z the_o argument_n be_v fetch_v from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o subject_a but_o not_o general_n because_o only_o to_o be_v adapt_v to_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v compare_v in_o goodness_n but_o this_o that_o which_o be_v more_o last_a be_v best_a be_v of_o uncertain_a place_n and_o special_a because_o it_o neither_o express_v where_o the_o place_n of_o the_o argument_n be_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v adapt_v to_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v compare_v among_o themselves_o etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o now_o compare_v canon_n from_o the_o conjugate_v be_v these_o and_o first_o that_o to_o which_o one_o of_o the_o conjugate_v more_o agree_v to_o that_o also_o the_o other_o as_o caesar_n consult_v the_o republic_n more_o than_o bibulus_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o respect_n be_v more_o a_o consul_n than_o he_o second_o if_o one_o of_o the_o conjugate_v be_v better_a than_o one_o than_o the_o other_o of_o the_o conjugate_v will_v be_v better_o than_o the_o other_o as_o if_o piety_n be_v before_o learning_n than_o a_o pious_a man_n will_v be_v before_o a_o learned_a man_n etc._n etc._n three_o from_o the_o definition_n these_o and_o first_o that_o to_o which_o the_o definition_n most_o agree_v to_o that_o also_o the_o define_v as_o if_o the_o definition_n of_o whiteness_n be_v a_o colour_n disperse_v the_o sight_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o that_o which_o be_v white_a disperse_v the_o sight_n most_o etc._n etc._n second_o that_o which_o agree_v to_o the_o definition_n that_o also_o to_o the_o define_v as_o if_o a_o habit_n recall_v the_o affectious_a of_o the_o mind_n and_o action_n to_o mediocrity_n confer_v more_o to_o felicity_n than_o riches_n than_o virtue_n confer_v more_o to_o felicity_n than_o riches_n etc._n etc._n so_o from_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n four_o we_o have_v these_o as_o first_o that_o which_o agree_v most_o to_o the_o genus_fw-la that_o also_o to_o the_o species_n and_o that_o which_o most_o to_o the_o species_n that_o also_o to_o the_o individual_n as_o if_o a_o substance_n immaterial_a be_v more_o perspicacious_a than_o a_o corporeal_a than_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n separate_v will_v be_v more_o perspicacious_a than_o it_o be_v now_o when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o body_n etc._n etc._n second_o that_o which_o be_v contain_v under_o the_o better_a genus_fw-la or_o species_n that_o also_o its_o self_n be_v better_a and_o so_o because_o a_o live_a thing_n be_v better_a than_o a_o not_o a_o fly_n will_v be_v better_o than_o the_o heavent_n etc._n etc._n five_o from_o the_o whole_a and_o part_v we_o have_v these_o as_o first_o if_o the_o whole_a homogenous_a or_o whole_a consist_v of_o part_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o nature_n be_v more_o so_o than_o such_o a_o whole_a than_o its_o part_n will_v be_v more_o so_o than_o such_o a_o part_n and_o conrariwise_o as_o if_o gold_n be_v heavy_a than_o brass_n than_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o every_o part_n of_o gold_n observe_v the_o same_o proportion_n of_o magnitude_n will_v be_v heavy_a than_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o brass_n etc._n etc._n second_o that_o which_o be_v absolute_o such_o or_o effect_n any_o thing_n as_o such_o its_o whole_a will_v be_v more_o such_o and_o effect_v that_o any_o thing_n else_o be_v more_o such_o than_o its_o part_n and_o so_o if_o rhubarb_n have_v a_o power_n of_o purge_v choler_n than_o a_o drachm_n will_v have_v a_o great_a power_n than_o have_v a_o scruple_n because_o it_o be_v but_o the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o drachm_n etc._n etc._n under_o which_o general_a maxim_n be_v contain_v several_a special_a as_o first_o many_o good_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o few_o and_o so_o virtue_n with_o nobility_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o virtue_n alone_o second_o that_o which_o be_v honest_a pleasant_a and_o profitable_a will_v be_v beyond_o that_o which_o be_v only_o honest_a pleasant_a or_o profitable_a three_o that_o which_o increase_v or_o diminish_v good_a by_o its_o abcess_n or_o access_n be_v better_a than_o that_o which_o neither_o increase_v nor_o diminish_v good_a by_o its_o abcess_n or_o access_n four_o by_o how_o much_o more_o it_o increase_v or_o diminish_v good_a by_o its_o absence_n or_o access_n by_o so_o much_o be_v it_o better_o than_o any_o other_o thing_n than_o the_o which_o it_o be_v better_a in_o this_o respect_n etc._n etc._n five_o from_o matter_n and_o form_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o have_v these_o and_o first_o that_o who_o matter_n be_v more_o so_o that_o also_o itself_o be_v more_o so_o so_o because_o gold_n be_v better_a and_o more_o durable_a than_o stone_n it_o follow_v that_o a_o golden_a statue_n be_v better_a and_o more_o durable_a than_o a_o stone_n one_o etc._n etc._n second_o that_o which_o have_v a_o noble_a form_n that_o itself_o be_v also_o noble_a so_o because_o the_o form_n of_o man_n be_v better_a than_o that_o of_o beast_n because_o this_o be_v immaterial_a and_o immortal_a and_o that_o material_a and_o mortal_a it_o follow_v that_o man_n be_v better_a than_o beast_n etc._n etc._n six_o from_o the_o cause_n efficient_a these_o and_o first_o that_o which_o by_o itself_o simple_o and_o by_o its_o nature_n be_v such_o be_v more_o so_o than_o that_o which_o by_o accident_n be_v such_o or_o in_o some_o respect_n or_o by_o participation_n and_o so_o meat_n as_o meat_n be_v wholesome_a than_o physic_n because_o that_o of_o itself_o be_v so_o and_o this_o only_a by_o accident_n and_o light_n be_v more_o profitable_a than_o darkness_n because_o that_o be_v useful_a to_o all_o this_o only_a to_o thief_n and_o such_o as_o will_v abscond_v last_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o splendid_a than_o the_o moon_n because_o that_o shine_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n this_o only_a by_o participation_n etc._n etc._n second_o that_o which_o of_o itself_o and_o by_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v more_o such_o that_o effect_n more_o and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a so_o fire_n heat_v more_o than_o water_n when_o it_o be_v warm_v because_o hot_a so_o you_o know_v iron_n to_o be_v heavy_a than_o wood_n because_o it_o more_o swift_o descend_v etc._n etc._n this_o canon_n can_v be_v use_v only_o in_o cause_n of_o themselves_o for_o in_o cause_n by_o accident_n it_o fail_v often_o for_o iron_n red-hot_a although_o not_o hot_a than_o flame_n burn_v yet_o more_o vehement_o the_o density_n of_o its_o matter_n assist_v it_o and_o impress_v the_o heat_n more_o strong_o upon_o the_o patient_n and_o so_o in_o other_o instance_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n three_o that_o to_o which_o the_o cause_n agree_v most_o to_o that_o also_o the_o effect_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a so_o you_o may_v prove_v old_a man_n to_o be_v more_o prudent_a than_o young_a because_o they_o have_v more_o experience_n in_o thing_n four_o that_o by_o which_o any_o thing_n be_v such_o that_o itself_o also_o must_v be_v more_o such_o and_o so_o because_o water_n grow_v warm_a by_o fire_n it_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o fire_n be_v more_o hot_a than_o it_o but_o this_o canon_n in_o some_o case_n will_v fail_v we_o and_o first_o in_o cause_n by_o accident_n and_o aequivocal_a for_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o some_o one_o be_v drink_v by_o wine_n that_o therefore_o wine_n shall_v be_v more_o drink_v or_o because_o the_o knife_n be_v sharpen_v by_o the_o stone_n that_o therefore_o the_o stone_n shall_v be_v sharp_a than_o the_o knife_n second_o in_o effect_n which_o receive_v not_o more_o or_o less_o as_o if_o you_o shall_v prove_v the_o father_n to_o be_v more_o a_o man_n than_o his_o son_n because_o the_o son_n be_v so_o by_o his_o mean_n three_o those_o which_o depend_v not_o upon_o one_o cause_n for_o although_o the_o scholar_n derive_v his_o learning_n from_o his_o master_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o master_n must_v be_v always_o learnede_a than_o the_o scholar_n for_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o scholar_n may_v have_v more_o ingeny_n and_o industry_n than_o his_o master_n etc._n etc._n five_o those_o who_o operation_n work_n or_o effect_v
the_o argumentation_n be_v infirm_a and_o beget_v not_o science_n when_o subject_a frivolous_a and_o inept_v for_o in_o vain_a shall_v we_o prove_v for_o instance_n that_o the_o pigmy_n be_v cholorick_n because_o of_o their_o short_a stature_n unless_o it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v pigmy_n etc._n etc._n of_o premise_n or_o principle_n also_o that_o they_o be_v true_a for_o otherwise_o we_o lay_v a_o foundation_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o know_v it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o of_o the_o affection_n it_o shall_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o it_o be_v and_o of_o the_o whole_a conclusion_n consist_v of_o subject_a and_o affection_n that_o it_o be_v true_a or_o that_o the_o affection_n be_v in_o the_o subject_a etc._n etc._n ax._n 6._o of_o which_o precognition_n those_o that_o be_v self-evident_a that_o be_v so_o that_o no_o body_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o they_o be_v only_o make_v in_o the_o mind_n those_o not_o so_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v unknown_a be_v always_o express_v in_o the_o first_o entrance_n of_o science_n ax._n 7._o and_o if_o so_o soon_o as_o produce_v they_o be_v believe_v by_o the_o disciple_n they_o may_v be_v proper_o term_v supposition_n but_o if_o not_o and_o the_o disciple_n be_v doubtful_a of_o they_o or_o even_o incline_v to_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n postulata_fw-la or_o thing_n to_o be_v require_v or_o demand_v 1._o §_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n say_v aristotle_n in_o science_n of_o which_o no_o one_o can_v be_v ignorant_a and_o these_o they_o call_v supposition_n as_o we_o say_v before_o or_o axiom_n that_o be_v such_o as_o carry_v such_o a_o native_a clarity_n with_o they_o as_o they_o be_v worthy_a of_o every_o body_n to_o be_v credit_v some_o of_o which_o one_o may_v but_o yet_o so_o soon_o as_o propose_v by_o a_o master_n be_v believe_v without_o proof_n and_o such_o as_o these_o be_v term_v definition_n and_o some_o not_o so_o immediate_o but_o deliver_v precarious_o and_o by_o way_n as_o it_o be_v of_o agreement_n because_o the_o probation_n of_o they_o if_o any_o belong_v to_o the_o metaphysic_n and_o such_o as_o these_o they_o call_v postulata_fw-la or_o thing_n require_v or_o to_o be_v demand_v etc._n etc._n and_o so_o we_o come_v to_o the_o condition_n which_o in_o every_o demonstration_n why_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v and_o first_o to_o those_o of_o the_o question_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o medium_fw-la which_o be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o demonstration_n chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o question_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o medium_fw-la which_o be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o demonstration_n ax._n 1_o the_o condition_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o demonstration_n why_o be_v partly_o belong_v to_o the_o question_n partly_o to_o the_o cause_n or_o medium_fw-la of_o demonstration_n and_o partly_o to_o the_o premise_n or_o principle_n of_o which_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v ax._n 2._o every_o question_n do_v not_o admit_v of_o a_o demonstration_n why_o but_o only_o that_o which_o be_v true_a and_o have_v a_o certain_a and_o immutable_a cause_n of_o its_o truth_n ax._n 3_o and_o therefore_o neither_o proposition_n immediate_a nor_o fortuitous_a can_v be_v demonstrate_v but_o only_o proper_a accident_n 1._o §_o now_o proposition_n immediate_a can_v because_o they_o have_v no_o medium_fw-la or_o cause_n of_o their_o truth_n 1._o §_o chance_n likewise_o can_v because_o they_o have_v not_o any_o dependence_n upon_o any_o certain_a cause_n or_o rule_n accident_n therefore_o and_o those_o proper_a only_a can_v be_v demonstrate_v for_o substance_n have_v no_o cause_n why_o they_o be_v in_o the_o subject_a because_o they_o be_v predicate_v always_o as_o genus_n or_o difference_n and_o accident_n improper_a have_v no_o certain_a and_o definite_a cause_n now_o whether_o these_o accident_n proper_a flow_n from_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o subject_a or_o some_o external_n cause_n or_o whether_o they_o be_v perpetual_a or_o only_o frequent_v it_o matter_n not_o but_o this_o that_o they_o cohere_v with_o their_o cause_n so_o as_o that_o they_o be_v put_v these_o also_o be_v put_v and_o that_o be_v take_v away_o these_o also_o may_v be_v take_v away_o be_v necessary_a and_o require_v for_o instance_n although_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o always_o deficient_a yet_o that_o she_o be_v so_o when_o so_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v because_o she_o be_v always_o so_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v diametrical_o interpose_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n and_o never_o so_o when_o otherwise_o etc._n etc._n and_o so_o much_o of_o the_o question_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v ax._n 4._o now_o the_o medium_fw-la of_o demonstration_n must_v be_v the_o next_o cause_n of_o the_o predicate_v and_o that_o either_o efficient_a or_o final_a and_o if_o efficient_a either_o internal_a or_o external_n 1._o §_o now_o whereas_o cause_n be_v say_v to_o be_v two_o way_n next_o that_o be_v either_o absolute_o or_o in_o its_o own_o genus_fw-la in_o this_o place_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o absolute_o next_o that_o be_v such_o as_o that_o be_v put_v the_o effect_n also_o must_v be_v put_v and_o that_o take_v away_o the_o effect_n also_o must_v be_v take_v away_o and_o far_o it_o be_v require_v that_o it_o be_v also_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o predicate_a for_o that_o it_o be_v also_o of_o the_o subject_a be_v not_o so_o necessary_a because_o it_o be_v not_o inquire_v whether_o the_o subject_a be_v for_o that_o be_v pre-supposed_n but_o whether_o the_o predicate_v or_o in_o plain_a term_n whether_o the_o predicate_v be_v in_o the_o subject_a or_o not_o etc._n etc._n 2._o §_o this_o next_o cause_n must_v be_v either_o efficient_a or_o final_a because_o the_o predicate_v be_v a_o accident_n have_v not_o matter_n or_o form_n proper_o so_o call_v the_o cause_n final_a be_v adhibit_v in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v do_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o another_o as_o means_n natural_a instrument_n etc._n etc._n also_o action_n and_o habit_n if_o such_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o in_o other_o case_n the_o efficient_a it_o happen_v sometime_o indeed_o that_o the_o cause_n proximate_n viz._n the_o efficient_a be_v also_o the_o form_n or_o matter_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o when_o it_o be_v so_o the_o better_a but_o however_o they_o differ_v not_o in_o specie_fw-la from_o the_o rest_n but_o these_o thing_n will_v appear_v more_o by_o example_n as_o here_o 1._o every_o rational_a creature_n be_v capable_a of_o science_n every_o man_n be_v a_o rational_a creature_n every_o man_n therefore_o be_v capable_a of_o science_n etc._n etc._n in_o this_o be_v the_o medium_fw-la rational_a the_o cause_n efficient_a internal_a of_o the_o predicate_v and_o form_n of_o the_o subject_a here_o 2._o every_o earthly_a thing_n be_v overwhelm_v wiâ—n_o throw_v into_o the_o water_n a_o ebony-tree_n be_v a_o earthly_a thing_n and_o therefore_o every_o ebony-tree_n be_v overwhelm_v when_o throw_v into_o the_o water_n the_o cause_n efficient_a internal_a and_o matter_n of_o the_o subject_a here_o 3._o whatever_o consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n have_v a_o threefold_a dimension_n every_o body_n consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n and_o therefore_o every_o body_n have_v a_o threefold_a dimension_n etc._n etc._n cause_o efficient_a internal_a of_o the_o predicate_v and_o both_o form_n and_o matter_n of_o the_o subject_a here_o 4._o that_o which_o be_v endue_v with_o a_o threefold_a dimension_n admit_v not_o of_o another_o body_n be_v with_o it_o in_o the_o same_o place_n but_o every_o body_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o threefold_a dimension_n etc._n etc._n the_o cause_n efficient_a internal_a of_o the_o predicate_v and_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o subject_a etc._n etc._n here_o viz._n 5._o that_o which_o the_o earth_n be_v object_v can_v be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o suffer_v a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o light_n receive_v from_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o moon_n the_o earth_n be_v object_v can_v be_v illustrate_v with_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n etc._n etc._n the_o cause_n efficient_a external_n of_o the_o predicate_a here_o 6._o he_o who_o be_v make_v for_o the_o contemplation_n of_o celestial_a thing_n aught_o to_o be_v of_o a_o upright_a countenance_n man_n be_v make_v for_o the_o contemplation_n of_o celesti-thing_n and_o therefore_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v of_o a_o upright_a countenance_n the_o cause_n final_a and_o also_o that_o of_o the_o predicate_v etc._n etc._n 3._o §_o now_o sometime_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o same_o question_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o cause_n efficient_a together_o with_o the_o final_a and_o so_o you_o may_v demonstrate_v that_o a_o animal_n sleep_v viz._n either_o because_o the_o common_a sense_n be_v sopit_v or_o drown_v by_o vapour_n and_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o external_n sense_n obstruct_v and_o this_o be_v from_o the_o efficient_a or_o else_o that_o the_o spirit_n may_v be_v refresh_v and_o strength_n
repair_v and_o this_o be_v from_o the_o final_a etc._n etc._n 4._o §_o demonstration_n why_o be_v not_o only_o affirm_v but_o also_o deny_v for_o as_o we_o may_v demonstrate_v that_o a_o man_n be_v capable_a of_o science_n because_o endue_v with_o reason_n so_o also_o that_o a_o beast_n be_v not_o because_o not_o etc._n etc._n for_o as_o a_o affirmation_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o affirmation_n so_o must_v a_o negation_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o negation_n etc._n etc._n see_v book_n 1._o post_n cap._n 13._o and_o so_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o demonstration_n in_o which_o we_o be_v teach_v what_o they_o ought_v to_o to_o be_v chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o demonstration_n ax._n 1_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o principle_n or_o proposition_n of_o demonstration_n why_o be_v either_o absolute_a or_o relate_v ax._n 2._o absolute_a be_v those_o which_o agree_v to_o the_o proposition_n in_o themselves_o consider_v and_o relate_v as_o compare_v with_o the_o conclusion_n ax._n 3_o the_o absolute_a be_v these_o and_o first_o that_o the_o proposition_n be_v necessary_o true_a and_o reciprocal_a second_o immediate_a and_o first_o commentary_n true_a because_o a_o false_a can_v be_v know_v and_o also_o necessary_o because_o from_o proposition_n not_o necessary_a a_o necessary_a conclusion_n can_v be_v draw_v unless_o by_o chance_n or_o accident_n 2._o §_o immediate_a because_o if_o not_o there_o will_v be_v a_o progress_n to_o infinite_a which_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o nature_n of_o rnowledge_n ax._n 4._o these_o two_o in_o the_o major_n be_v require_v necessary_o but_o that_o the_o minor_a suppose_n it_o be_v true_a shall_v be_v also_o necessary_a and_o immediate_a be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a 1._o §_o for_o the_o major_n be_v to_o consist_v of_o the_o affection_n and_o its_o next_o cause_n which_o be_v not_o only_o reciprocate_v among_o themselves_o but_o also_o necessary_o and_o immediate_o cohere_v but_o the_o minor_a of_o the_o affection_n cause_n and_o subject_n which_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a shall_v so_o close_o cohere_v as_o that_o they_o shall_v constitute_v a_o necessary_a immediate_a and_o reciprocal_a proposition_n since_o of_o the_o affection_n not_o subject_a the_o knowledge_n be_v require_v etc._n etc._n 2._o §_o now_o the_o minor_a be_v not_o necessary_a much_o less_o reciprocal_a and_o universal_o first_o when_o the_o medium_fw-la of_o the_o demonstration_n be_v the_o cause_n efficient_a external_n of_o the_o predicate_a for_o example_n that_o which_o with_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o earth_n be_v object_v can_v be_v illustrate_v that_o suffer_v a_o defect_n of_o light_n receive_v from_o the_o sun_n the_o moon_n with_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o earth_n be_v object_v can_v be_v illustrate_v and_o therefore_o etc._n etc._n in_o this_o demonstration_n the_o minor_a have_v no_o degree_n of_o necessity_n because_o it_o be_v not_o perpetual_a in_o demonstration_n from_o cause_n efficient_a internal_a or_o final_a indeed_o the_o minor_a be_v always_o necessary_a but_o not_o reciprocal_a because_o often_o the_o next_o and_o reciprocal_a subject_n want_v a_o name_n for_o example_n every_o plant_n who_o humour_n be_v apt_a to_o congeal_v at_o the_o foot_n or_o stalk_v of_o its_o leaf_n be_v apt_a to_o shed_v its_o leave_n but_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o vine_n be_v apt_a to_o congeal_v at_o the_o foot_n or_o stalk_v of_o its_o leaf_n and_o therefore_o the_o vine_n be_v apt_a to_o shed_v its_o leave_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o the_o minor_a be_v not_o reciprocal_a because_o it_o happen_v not_o only_o to_o the_o vine_n to_o have_v its_o humour_n congeal_v but_o to_o all_o other_o plant_n to_o who_o it_o happen_v to_o shed_v their_o leave_n but_o this_o happen_v because_o there_o be_v not_o a_o proper_a name_n by_o which_o shall_v be_v signify_v all_o and_o only_o those_o plant_n to_o which_o the_o congelation_n of_o the_o humour_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o leaf_n evene_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v it_o also_o that_o the_o conclusion_n be_v not_o reciprocal_a see_v book_n 1._o post_n cap._n 5._o and_o book_n 2._o cap._n 66._o 3._o §_o the_o minor_a be_v not_o immediate_a also_o when_o the_o next_o cause_n of_o the_o predicate_v have_v any_o former_a cause_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v for_o in_o all_o cause_n which_o enter_v demonstration_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a series_n and_o subordination_n so_o that_o every_o posterior_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o precedent_n as_o often_o therefore_o as_o any_o effect_n be_v demonstrate_v by_o such_o a_o cause_n as_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o former_a cause_n that_o minor_n must_v necessary_o be_v mediate_v and_o than_o that_o minor_n be_v to_o be_v resolve_v into_o that_o former_a cause_n and_o so_o on_o till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o first_o of_o that_o series_n which_o constitute_v a_o demonstration_n of_o both_o proposition_n immediate_a and_o this_o demonstration_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o series_n and_o therefore_o in_o search_v of_o science_n we_o be_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o first_o demonstration_n to_o the_o follow_v in_o synthetic_a order_n and_o then_o the_o minor_a mediate_v be_v esteem_v as_o it_o be_v immediate_a because_o now_o before_o demonstrate_v for_o a_o demonstrate_v proposition_n be_v no_o less_o apt_a to_o beget_v knowledge_n than_o a_o proposition_n immediate_n and_o indemonstrable_a but_o yet_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v happen_v upon_o a_o demonstration_n who_o minor_a be_v mediate_v he_o must_v proceed_v in_o analytic_a order_n towards_o the_o first_o and_o fundamental_a demonstration_n nor_o will_v he_o first_o have_v attain_v science_n before_o he_o shall_v have_v arrive_v at_o the_o first_o cause_n for_o in_o this_o the_o mind_n acquiesces_fw-la but_o let_v we_o add_v example_n that_o the_o thing_n may_v be_v so_o much_o the_o better_o understand_v that_o which_o be_v endue_v with_o a_o threefold_a dimension_n admit_v not_o another_o body_n to_o be_v with_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o the_o same_o place_n all_o body_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o threefold_a dimension_n and_o therefore_o etc._n etc._n the_o minor_a of_o this_o syllogism_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o this_o manner_n that_o which_o consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o threefold_a dimension_n every_o body_n consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n and_o therefore_o every_o body_n etc._n etc._n now_o the_o minor_a of_o this_o syllogism_n be_v immediate_a as_o well_o as_o the_o major_a because_o to_o consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n be_v the_o definition_n of_o body_n etc._n etc._n 4._o §_o the_o same_o series_n there_o be_v in_o demonstration_n from_o cause_n final_a in_o which_o the_o subordinate_a be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o far_a end_n until_o you_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o last_o in_o every_o genus_fw-la in_o which_o the_o mind_n acquiesces_fw-la for_o example_n a_o animal_n have_v lung_n that_o it_o may_v breath_n breathe_v that_o it_o may_v refresh_v the_o heart_n the_o heart_n be_v to_o be_v refresh_v to_o preserve_v a_o temperature_n of_o heat_n a_o temperature_n of_o heat_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v that_o the_o life_n of_o the_o animal_n may_v be_v preserve_v etc._n etc._n if_o these_o demonstration_n be_v propose_v in_o form_n all_o except_v the_o last_o will_v have_v a_o mediate_v minor_a and_o the_o last_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n 5._o §_o it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o demonstration_n from_o cause_n efficient_a can_v be_v resolve_v into_o proposition_n mediate_v unless_o the_o demonstration_n from_o cause_n final_a be_v commix_v with_o the_o demonstration_n from_o cause_n efficient_a for_o example_n a_o man_n be_v of_o a_o most_o acute_a touch_n because_o he_o be_v of_o a_o very_a thin_a skin_n a_o thin_a skin_n because_o have_v abundance_n of_o elaborate_v animal_n spirit_n abundance_n of_o those_o elaborate_v animal_n spirit_n because_o have_v a_o very_a large_a brain_n the_o shop_n or_o office_n of_o those_o elaborate_v animal_n spirit_n hitherto_o be_v they_o all_o cause_n efficient_a that_o a_o man_n have_v a_o very_a large_a brain_n be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v from_o the_o end_n to_o wit_n because_o he_o shall_v reason_v that_o man_n shall_v reason_v again_o from_o cause_o efficient_a to_o wit_n because_o he_o be_v a_o rational_a animal_n here_o now_o we_o acquiesce_v because_o the_o minor_a be_v the_o definition_n of_o man_n and_o therefore_o immediate_a and_o indemonstrable_a axe_n 5._o the_o condition_n of_o principle_n relate_v to_o the_o conclusion_n be_v three_o and_o first_o that_o they_o be_v the_o cause_n second_o prior_n to_o and_o three_o more_o know_v than_o the_o conclusion_n ax._n 6._o and_o these_o condition_n be_v require_v in_o both_o proposition_n 1._o §_o for_o as_o be_v the_o
method_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o arbitrary_a ax._n 4._o natural_a in_o which_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o thing_n be_v observe_v ax._n 5._o in_o which_o we_o must_v observe_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o all_o the_o part_n be_v to_o be_v homogeneous_a that_o be_v not_o impertinent_a or_o foreign_a to_o the_o subject_a 1._o §_o by_o which_o mean_n we_o not_o only_o confirm_v that_o rule_n that_o discipline_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v mix_v so_o as_o in_o mathematics_n we_o be_v not_o to_o use_v ethical_a demonstration_n or_o in_o ethic_n mathematical_a etc._n etc._n but_o this_o also_o viz._n that_o every_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v set_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n and_o so_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v reciprocate_v with_o the_o genus_fw-la to_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o with_o the_o species_n to_o the_o species_n shall_v be_v attribute_v and_o that_o all_o thing_n be_v reciprocal_a as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v 2._o §_o and_o indeed_o this_o rule_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o very_a precept_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o essence_n of_o discipline_n but_o yet_o in_o the_o comment_n where_o the_o precept_n of_o they_o be_v explain_v and_o confirm_v the_o observation_n of_o it_o be_v not_o so_o necessary_a for_o it_o often_o happen_v to_o the_o master_n teach_v physic_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o fetch_v from_o logic_n and_o ethic_n physic_n moreover_o in_o divinity_n and_o all_o other_o discipline_n how_o much_o of_o necessity_n must_v they_o fetch_v from_o philosophy_n for_o the_o explain_v their_o controversy_n which_o yet_o become_v no_o part_n at_o all_o of_o those_o discipline_n which_o if_o that_o censurer_n of_o aristotle_n have_v better_o consider_v he_o will_v without_o all_o question_n have_v judge_v more_o impartial_o of_o the_o write_n and_o method_n of_o that_o admirable_a philosopher_n in_o which_o he_o distinguish_v not_o the_o precept_n from_o the_o comment_n that_o be_v make_v upon_o they_o which_o in_o in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v ax._n 6._o now_o in_o natural_a method_n we_o be_v always_o to_o proceed_v from_o universals_z to_z particular_n and_o in_o that_o progress_n all_o the_o part_n be_v to_o be_v connect_v together_o by_o apt_a bond_n of_o transition_n 1._o §_o which_o progress_n be_v to_o be_v institute_v by_o division_n who_o part_n be_v to_o be_v join_v together_o by_o apt_a bond_n of_o transition_n which_o form_n how_o much_o they_o help_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o reader_n be_v almost_o incredible_a ax._n 7._o method_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o next_o place_n be_v either_o total_a or_o partial_a ax._n 8._o total_a that_o in_o which_o some_o whole_a science_n be_v dispose_v ax._n 9_o and_o this_o be_v either_o synthetic_a or_o analytic_a ax._n 10._o synthetic_a be_v that_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o most_o simple_a principle_n to_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v compound_v of_o those_o principle_n ax._n 11._o and_o so_o the_o speculative_a discipline_n be_v to_o be_v handle_v ax._n 12._o analytie_n that_o which_o beginning_n from_o the_o end_n proceed_v to_o the_o next_o mean_n and_o so_o from_o these_o to_o the_o more_o remote_a till_o at_o last_o it_o arrive_v to_o the_o first_o and_o mosi_fw-la simplo_n ax._n 13._o and_o thus_o be_v art_n and_o discipline_n practical_a to_o be_v entreat_v of_o 1._o §_o the_o discipline_n speculative_a have_v no_o end_n which_o be_v diverse_a from_o themselves_o but_o the_o very_a knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n propose_v be_v their_o end_n for_o in_o that_o the_o mind_n acquiesces_fw-la but_o art_n and_o discipline_n practical_a rest_v not_o there_o viz._n in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o thingt_fw-fr propose_v but_o have_v some_o far_a end_n viz._n work_v practice_n or_o operation_n that_o be_v agreeable_a to_o that_o knowledge_n whence_o be_v it_o that_o the_o science_n theoretical_a such_o as_o physics_n metaphysic_n mathematics_n etc._n etc._n be_v dispose_v in_o synthetick_a method_n proceed_v from_o the_o first_o principle_n to_o those_o which_o be_v form_v or_o make_v of_o they_o and_o that_o first_o in_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o then_o in_o the_o species_n till_o at_o last_o it_o be_v come_v to_o the_o low_a species_n of_o all_o but_o in_o art_n such_o as_o grammar_n rhetoric_n logic_n medicine_n architecture_n and_o in_o practical_a discipline_n such_o as_o ethic_n politic_n economic_n etc._n etc._n we_o contrariwise_o proceed_v from_o the_o end_n to_o the_o mean_n for_o that_o which_o be_v first_o in_o the_o do_n of_o thing_n be_v always_o last_o in_o the_o design_n or_o intention_n of_o they_o and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a wherefore_o since_o the_o say_a discipline_n proceed_v from_o the_o mean_n to_o the_o end_n in_o act_v for_o the_o architect_n first_o lay_v his_o foundation_n then_o prepare_v his_o timber_n rafter_n beam_n &c_n &c_n and_o of_o these_o make_v the_o house_n itt_n follow_v in_o the_o design_n that_o the_o end_n have_v the_o first_o place_n and_o of_o the_o mean_n those_o the_o next_o which_o be_v last_o bring_v to_o pass_v for_o these_o discipline_n keep_v not_o the_o order_n of_o action_n but_o design_n for_o the_o design_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o very_a practical_a knowledge_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v propose_v and_o certain_o the_o end_n in_o practical_a discipline_n have_v itself_o not_o otherwise_o i._n e._n be_v not_o otherwise_o to_o the_o mean_n than_o be_v the_o hypothesis_n or_o principle_n in_o the_o mathematics_n to_o the_o conclusion_n which_o be_v gather_v from_o they_o as_o aristotle_n say_v book_n 7._o eth._n c._n 8._o 2._o in_o both_o these_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o synthetic_a that_o of_o nature_n generate_a or_o effect_v analytick_a that_o of_o intend_v or_o design_v piccolomini_n therefore_o must_v be_v under_o a_o mistake_n cap._n 21_o introd_a and_o part_v 7._o com._n pot._n where_o although_o he_o confess_v that_o synthetic_a method_n be_v fit_a for_o speculative_a and_o the_o other_o for_o art_n and_o practical_a discipline_n yet_o he_o will_v needs_o have_v it_o that_o all_o discipline_n will_v admit_v both_o of_o one_o and_o the_o other_o and_o according_o in_o his_o 10_o degree_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n he_o have_v observe_v the_o synthetic_a but_o not_o the_o most_o to_o his_o purpose_n as_o zabarella_n solid_o prove_v book_n 2._o of_o his_o apol._n cap._n 4._o &_o seq_fw-la 3._o galen_n set_v down_o three_o sort_n of_o method_n and_o explain_v two_o of_o they_o add_v a_o three_o viz._n definition_n but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a nay_o indeed_o it_o can_v be_v that_o any_o other_o shall_v be_v observe_v in_o science_n but_o the_o synthetic_a and_o analytick_a for_o definition_n be_v not_o so_o much_o method_n as_o a_o instrument_n or_o part_n of_o it_o for_o all_o method_n take_v its_o beginning_n from_o the_o definition_n of_o some_o whole_a and_o divide_v go_v on_o to_o the_o part_n and_o species_n of_o it_o which_o be_v contain_v under_o that_o whole_a more_o against_o galen_n concern_v this_o definitive_a method_n you_o may_v see_v in_o zabarella_n book_n 2._o meth._n cap._n 4._o ax._n 14._o a_o partial_a method_n be_v then_o when_o some_o part_n of_o a_o discipline_n be_v dispose_v or_o particular_a theme_n several_o handle_v 1._o §_o for_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_n use_v or_o consideration_n of_o method_n partial_a for_o either_o it_o may_v be_v consider_v as_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o total_a method_n or_o as_o it_o be_v a_o method_n of_o some_o theme_n separately_z and_o apart_o by_o itself_o to_o be_v handle_v as_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a this_o one_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v precept_v more_o than_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v in_o the_o general_a to_o wit_n that_o it_o often_o happen_v in_o a_o part_n of_o a_o discipline_n who_o whole_a be_v in_o method_n synthetical_a that_o the_o analytick_a order_n may_v be_v keep_v and_o so_o on_o 〈◊〉_d other_o hand_n in_o the_o part_n of_o analytick_n that_o 〈◊〉_d synthetick_a as_o for_o instance_n physic_n be_v compose_v in_o synthetick_a order_n if_o the_o whole_a be_v consider_v and_o yet_o in_o that_o part_n where_o we_o entreat_v of_o animate_v body_n a_o resolutive_a may_v well_o enough_o be_v keep_v viz._n begin_v from_o the_o operation_n which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o animate_v body_n and_o so_o go_v on_o to_o the_o cause_n and_o principle_n which_o be_v the_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o temperament_n and_o organical_a part_n of_o that_o body_n etc._n etc._n in_o like_a manner_n the_o art_n of_o medicine_n grammar_n logic_n if_o look_v upon_o in_o the_o whole_a be_v lay_v down_o in_o a_o analytick_a method_n but_o in_o the_o part_n of_o they_o the_o synthetick_a be_v observe_v physiology_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o medicine_n be_v deliver_v in_o a_o synthetick_a order_n and_o in_o grammar_n we_o first_o entreat_v of_o letter_n sylable_n than_o word_n and_o last_o speech_n and_o its_o construction_n and_o so_o in_o logic_n first_o we_o treat_v of_o theme_n simple_a and_o then_o complex_n which_o certain_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o compose_v or_o proceed_v in_o compose_a order_n in_o so_o much_o yet_o as_o these_o art_n be_v begin_v from_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o end_n and_o so_o go_v on_o to_o the_o mean_v they_o be_v say_v in_o the_o whole_a to_o be_v dispose_v in_o a_o analytical_a order_n as_o zabarella_n have_v well_o observe_v lib._n 2._o de_fw-fr math._n cap._n 20._o etc._n etc._n the_o rest_n may_v be_v seek_v for_o out_o of_o the_o institution_n note_v the_o chapter_n of_o sophism_n and_o method_n be_v principal_o turn_v by_o another_o hand_n finis_fw-la libri_fw-la secundi_fw-la
a_o point_n be_v that_o which_o do_v not_o consist_v of_o part_n a_o line_n be_v a_o longitude_n void_a of_o latitude_n a_o right_a line_n that_o which_o lie_v equal_o betwixt_o its_o point_n etc._n etc._n hypothesis_n in_o the_o first_o that_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a body_n a_o heaven_n a_o soul_n etc._n etc._n arithmetic_n that_o there_o be_v a_o unity_n seu_fw-la non_fw-la dari_fw-la maximum_fw-la numerum_fw-la that_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o high_a number_n geometry_n that_o there_o be_v a_o line_n that_o from_o one_o point_n to_o any_o other_o point_v a_o right_a line_n may_v be_v draw_v etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v such_o as_o though_o they_o want_v not_o demonstration_n yet_o be_v they_o such_o as_o that_o out_o of_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n mere_o know_v without_o the_o accession_n of_o any_o thing_n else_o they_o can_v be_v know_v to_o be_v true_a for_o although_o any_o one_o shall_v know_v what_o be_v signify_v by_o the_o name_n body_n yet_o can_v he_o not_o know_v by_o this_o that_o every_o body_n consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n nay_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o natural_a body_n if_o not_o assist_v by_o the_o help_n of_o his_o sense_n etc._n etc._n 4._o §_o hence_o be_v it_o that_o axiom_n ought_v to_o be_v hold_v by_o he_o that_o will_v learn_v any_o science_n before_o he_o come_v to_o his_o master_n theses_n not_o because_o these_o be_v to_o be_v explain_v in_o the_o very_a entrance_n of_o science_n definition_n especial_o always_o but_o if_o know_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o sense_n hypothesis_n indeed_o need_v not_o etc._n etc._n ax._n 14._o now_o when_o a_o demonstration_n be_v conform_v to_o these_o law_n it_o not_o only_o prove_v that_o the_o affection_n be_v in_o the_o subject_a but_o also_o explain_v what_o that_o be_v and_o contain_v the_o perfect_a definition_n of_o it_o 1._o §_o that_o be_v contain_v all_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a to_o it_o only_o in_o invert_v order_n for_o a_o demonstration_n be_v thus_o propose_v viz._n the_o earth_n be_v interpose_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n and_o therefore_o the_o moon_n suffer_v a_o eclipse_n or_o a_o defect_n of_o light_n viz._n receive_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o a_o definition_n thus_o viz._n a_o eclipse_n be_v a_o defect_n of_o light_n in_o the_o moon_n receive_v from_o the_o sun_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n interposition_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o of_o demonstration_n why._n now_o come_v we_o to_o that_o which_o we_o call_v demonstratin_n that_o of_o which_o the_o next_o chapter_n as_o also_o of_o that_o which_o the_o logician_n call_v a_o regress_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o demonstration_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o that_o and_o regress_n ax._n 1_o now_o of_o demonstration_n that_o the_o one_o be_v from_o the_o effect_n and_o the_o other_o from_o the_o remote_a cause_n ax._n 2._o of_o which_o that_o collect_v the_o cause_n from_o the_o effect_v sensible_a and_o this_o the_o effect_n from_o the_o remote_a cause_n 1._o §_o for_o example_n if_o any_o one_o rise_v something_o late_a than_o usual_a shall_v see_v the_o wall_n of_o his_o chamber_n collustrate_v with_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o collect_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o sun_n have_v be_v sometime_o rise_v this_o will_v be_v from_o the_o sensible_a effect_n from_o the_o remote_a cause_n this_o viz._n plant_n have_v not_o a_o sensitive_a soul_n and_o therefore_o they_o do_v breath_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 3_o now_o that_o from_o the_o effect_n may_v be_v as_o well_o affirm_v as_o deny_v the_o remote_a cause_n always_o deny_v and_o conclude_v in_o the_o second_o figure_n in_o camestre_n and_o therefore_o as_o we_o collect_v plant_n live_v because_o they_o grow_v and_o be_v nourish_v so_o also_o may_v we_o that_o stone_n do_v not_o because_o they_o neither_o grow_v nor_o be_v nourish_v etc._n etc._n and_o as_o from_o a_o unequal_a concitate_v pulse_n of_o the_o artery_n we_o collect_v that_o there_o be_v a_o fever_n so_o also_o from_o a_o equal_a and_o sedate_v that_o there_o be_v none_o or_o that_o there_o be_v a_o immunity_n from_o a_o fever_n etc._n etc._n but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o all_o animal_n breathe_v because_o they_o have_v a_o sensitive_a soul_n although_o it_o do_v that_o no_o plant_n do_v because_o it_o have_v not_o because_o have_v a_o sensitive_a soul_n be_v not_o the_o next_o cause_n of_o breathe_v etc._n etc._n 3._o §_o now_o of_o these_o two_o species_n of_o demonstration_n the_o first_o be_v much_o noble_a than_o the_o last_o first_o because_o it_o have_v more_o necessary_a proposition_n consist_v of_o the_o same_o term_n of_o which_o do_v the_o demonstration_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d second_o beget_v knowledge_n though_o not_o simple_o yet_o such_o as_o be_v in_o its_o genus_fw-la perfect_a for_o a_o cause_n can_v no_o other_o way_n be_v know_v but_o by_o its_o effect_n three_o it_o be_v frame_v in_o the_o first_o figure_n and_o may_v also_o be_v affirm_v whereas_o demonstration_n from_o the_o cause_n remote_a consist_v of_o less_o necessary_a proposition_n and_o not_o immediate_a neither_o do_v it_o beget_v knowledge_n in_o its_o own_o kind_a perfect_a neither_o can_v it_o be_v frame_v in_o the_o first_o figure_n etc._n etc._n both_o yet_o beget_v such_o a_o knowledge_n as_o that_o we_o may_v know_v whether_o the_o thing_n be_v or_o be_v not_o etc._n etc._n ax._n 4._o as_o soon_o then_o as_o the_o cause_n be_v deprehend_v from_o the_o sensible_a effect_n a_o comparison_n be_v institute_v between_o that_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n and_o when_o the_o mind_n by_o its_o sagacity_n discover_v that_o that_o cause_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o effect_n then_o a_o regress_n be_v make_v from_o the_o cause_n to_o the_o effect_n by_o a_o demonstration_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o sometime_o the_o effect_n be_v unknown_a and_o the_o cause_n know_v and_o then_o immediate_o be_v make_v use_n of_o the_o demonstration_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sometime_o the_o effect_n perceive_v and_o cause_v unknown_a and_o then_o first_o the_o cause_n from_o the_o effect_n and_o then_o the_o effect_n from_o the_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o this_o sort_n of_o demonstration_n be_v usual_o call_v by_o the_o latin_n a_o regress_n in_o which_o the_o cause_n be_v first_o to_o be_v investigate_v by_o the_o effect_n and_o then_o from_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o those_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v a_o true_a and_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o those_o effect_n whereby_o we_o not_o only_o know_v that_o the_o effect_n be_v of_o which_o our_o sense_n be_v judge_n but_o also_o why_o and_o what_o they_o be_v further_a than_o which_o our_o mind_n can_v reach_v and_o thus_o much_o may_v suffice_v for_o a_o account_n of_o true_a syllogism_n note_n and_o observation_n from_o the_o learned_a heereboord_n in_o relation_n to_o this_o 24_o chapter_n when_o the_o demonstration_n from_o the_o remote_a cause_n be_v say_v to_o be_v always_o negative_a by_o the_o ingenious_a author_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o restriction_n viz._n when_o it_o be_v large_a than_o the_o effect_n and_o not_o reciprocate_v with_o it_o as_o in_o the_o instance_n which_o he_o have_v give_v which_o be_v very_o true_a but_o sometime_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o the_o remote_a cause_n may_v be_v equal_a to_o and_o not_o large_a than_o the_o effect_n and_o then_o it_o be_v reciprocate_v with_o it_o and_o may_v be_v affirm_v as_o in_o this_o instance_n those_o thing_n which_o be_v animal_n vegetative_a be_v nourish_v plant_n be_v animal_n vegetative_a and_o therefore_o they_o be_v nourish_v wherein_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v the_o remote_a cause_n for_o the_o next_o be_v the_o nutritive_a faculty_n and_o yet_o the_o syllogism_n proceed_v in_o the_o first_o figure_n and_o be_v affirm_v because_o the_o remote_a cause_n be_v adequate_a to_o the_o effect_n and_o reciprocate_v with_o it_o for_o whatsoever_o be_v nourish_v have_v a_o vegetative_a soul_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o have_v not_o etc._n etc._n chap._n xxv_o of_o sophism_n ax._n 1_o next_o follow_v syllogism_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o fallacious_a which_o counterfeit_v a_o show_n of_o the_o true_a produce_v error_n or_o a_o ignorance_n of_o deprave_a disposition_n commentary_n 1._o §_o now_o precept_n concern_v this_o be_v very_o necessary_a in_o logic_n for_o fear_n lest_o other_o shall_v impose_v upon_o we_o for_o he_o that_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v deceive_v by_o another_o and_o be_v not_o aware_a of_o it_o may_v also_o be_v deceive_v by_o himself_o 2._o §_o but_o say_v they_o who_o wo'n_v admit_v of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o fallacious_a syllogism_n in_o logic_n the_o right_o be_v the_o rule_n both_o of_o itself_o and_o the_o wrong_n