Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	body_n	heat_n	hot_a	2,056	5	7.8780	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54597	Fleta minor the laws of art and nature, in knowing, judging, assaying, fining, refining and inlarging the bodies of confin'd metals : in two parts : the first contains assays of Lazarus Erckern, chief prover, or assay-master general of the empire of Germany, in V. books, orinally written by him in the Teutonick language and now translated into English ; the second contains essays on metallick words, as a dictionary to many pleasing discourses, by Sir John Pettus ... ; illustrated with 44 sculptures.; Beschreibung aller fürnemisten mineralishcen Ertzt- und Berckwercksarten. English	Ercker, Lazarus, d. 1594.; Pettus, John, Sir, 1613-1690.	1683 (1683)	Wing P1906; ESTC R5570	316,186	522

be_v damage_n section_n 8_o after_o the_o work_n be_v finish_v then_o must_v the_o jug_n be_v suffer_v jug_n to_o cool_v and_o put_v water_n in_o it_o then_o will_v it_o mollify_v the_o caput_fw-la mort._n put_v it_o out_o gentle_o with_o a_o iron_n and_o so_o the_o jug_n will_v become_v clean_o again_o decipher_v 1._o a_o lute_v glass-bottle_n cover_v with_o a_o helm_n 2._o a_o lute_v glass-bottle_n without_o a_o helm_n 3._o another_o sort_n of_o glass-bottle_n 4._o the_o form_n of_o a_o helm_n 5._o a_o half_a glass_n or_o half_a absuzchal_n pipkin_n with_o one_o ear_n and_o a_o mouth_n 6._o a_o receiver_n with_o a_o pipe_n 7._o a_o receiver_n without_o a_o pipe_n 8._o a_o earthen_a retort_n 9_o a_o earthen_a jug_n or_o culb_n to_o burn_v aqua_fw-la fort_n 10._o other_o kind_n of_o bottle_n glass_n half-glass_n tunnel_n sculpture_n xx._n chap._n xxi_o how_o to_o make_v oven_n to_o distil_v aqua_fw-la fort._n section_n 1_o every_o one_o use_v to_o prepare_v the_o oven_n to_o the_o distil_a of_o aqua_fw-la fort._n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n but_o there_o be_v one_o form_n much_o better_a and_o more_o profitable_a than_o the_o other_o as_o i_o have_v see_v and_o use_v many_o myself_o for_o i_o find_v that_o the_o oven_n call_v athanor_n which_o as_o in_o the_o follow_a sculpture_n be_v section_n 2_o athanor_n proper_o delineate_v be_v the_o best_a to_o be_v use_v to_o distil_v aqua_fw-la fort_n and_o they_o be_v to_o be_v form_v thus_o make_v a_o steeple_n in_o square_a or_o round_o four_o else_o high_a and_o below_o in_o it_o lay_v a_o iron_n grate_n under_o which_o must_v be_v a_o wind-hole_n according_a to_o the_o demonstration_n in_o the_o next_o sculpture_n and_o then_o make_v again_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o steeple_n in_o the_o same_o wideness_n according_a to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o jugg_n or_o glass-bottle_n round_o or_o square_a oven_n in_o which_o the_o glass_n or_o jugg_n may_v stand_v put_v also_o below_o in_o the_o steeple_n or_o tower_n iron-grates_a so_o that_o it_o may_v have_v wind-hole_n below_o in_o such_o by-oven_n must_v be_v leave_v hole_n from_o the_o tower_n that_o the_o heat_n as_o you_o shall_v hear_v may_v come_v out_o of_o it_o and_o if_o they_o be_v about_o a_o large_a span_n wide_a and_o four_o finger_n and_o a_o span_n high_a then_o be_v they_o wide_a and_o high_a enough_o only_o observe_v that_o when_o you_o do_v set_v up_o the_o high_a tower_n you_o do_v not_o make_v it_o two_o thick_a near_o to_o the_o hole_n but_o rather_o narrow_a that_o the_o fire_n or_o heat_n may_v go_v the_o better_a into_o the_o by-oven_n than_o cause_n to_o such_o hole_n through_o which_o the_o heat_n do_v pass_v fit_a instrument_n of_o potters-work_n with_o which_o you_o may_v govern_v the_o fire_n as_o you_o please_v section_n 3_o some_o cause_n such_o instrument_n or_o register_n to_o be_v make_v of_o strong_a iron_n but_o they_o be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o earthen_a for_o if_o the_o iron_n one_o become_v hot_a and_o glow_a than_o they_o give_v likewise_o great_a heat_n and_o if_o they_o be_v draw_v before_o the_o fire_n than_o they_o can_v well_o be_v manage_v or_o govern_v by_o it_o and_o there_o be_v also_o danger_n therein_o decipher_v 1._o the_o athanor_n 2._o the_o mouth-hole_n over_o the_o grate_n 3._o the_o mouth-hole_n under_o the_o grate_n 4._o the_o grate_v in_o the_o by-oven_n 5._o the_o by-oven_n 6._o instrument_n to_o open_a or_o shut_v the_o by-oven_n mouth_n 7._o a_o cover_n for_o the_o by-oven_n 8._o the_o pin_n for_o the_o register_n or_o wind-hole_n 9_o a_o semicircle_n piece_n of_o wood_n by_o which_o the_o athanor_n be_v to_o be_v make_v round_o 10._o the_o cover_n for_o the_o athanor_n 11._o the_o person_n that_o tend_v they_o 12._o a_o dish_n of_o metal_n to_o be_v use_v sculpture_n xxi_o chap._n xxii_o how_o the_o ingredient_n be_v to_o be_v prepare_v for_o distil_v of_o the_o aqua_fw-la fort_fw-fr section_n 1_o for_o distil_v of_o the_o common_a aqua_fw-la fort_n there_o be_v use_v only_o two_o ingredient_n nitre_n and_o vitriol_n which_o must_v be_v prepare_v vitriol_n before_o they_o be_v put_v in_o first_o the_o vitriol_n must_v be_v calcine_v which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v thus_o take_v at_o once_o four_o pound_n of_o those_o ingredient_n section_n 1_o and_o put_v they_o in_o a_o earthen_a glaze_v crucible_n set_v it_o over_o the_o fire_n that_o the_o vitriol_n may_v melt_v to_o a_o water_n vitriol_n let_v it_o boil_v gentle_o and_o stir_v it_o about_o continual_o with_o a_o wooden_a spatula_fw-la until_o the_o wateriness_n be_v evaporate_v away_o and_o the_o vitriol_n begin_v to_o be_v thick_a then_o take_v with_o the_o wooden_a spatula_fw-la some_o part_n out_o of_o the_o crucible_n while_o it_o be_v warm_a and_o grind_v it_o upon_o a_o grindingstone_n before_o it_o be_v cold_a then_o take_v more_o out_o of_o the_o crucible_n upon_o the_o grindingstone_n until_o all_o the_o vitriol_n be_v out_o of_o the_o crucible_n and_o ground_n small_a for_o if_o you_o do_v not_o take_v the_o vitriol_n warm_v out_o of_o the_o crucible_n but_o let_v it_o be_v cold_a in_o it_o than_o it_o will_v become_v as_o hard_o as_o a_o stone_n and_o so_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o be_v bring_v out_o neither_o be_v it_o easy_a to_o grind_v thus_o the_o vitriol_n be_v to_o be_v prepare_v for_o the_o distil_a of_o the_o aqua_fw-la fort_fw-fr section_n 2_o salt-petre_n concern_v the_o nitre_n it_o need_v not_o be_v calcine_v yet_o one_o may_v set_v it_o upon_o a_o oven_n that_o it_o may_v be_v dry_a and_o then_o beat_v and_o grind_v it_o fine_a and_o small_a then_o be_v it_o also_o prepare_v but_o because_o it_o be_v not_o all_o pure_a but_o some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v very_a salt_n therefore_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v clarify_v and_o purify_v from_o its_o salt_n which_o every_o one_o who_o converse_v with_o distillation_n of_o aqua_fw-la fort_n certain_o shall_v know_v and_o that_o with_o the_o hand_n but_o how_o the_o clear_n shall_v be_v do_v see_v full_a instruction_n in_o the_o first_o book_n chap._n xxiii_o how_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la be_v to_o be_v distil_v section_n 1_o body_n take_v four_o pound_n of_o clean_a nitre_n and_o three_o pound_n and_o a_o half_a of_o calcine_v vitriol_n as_o be_v mention_v grind_v they_o very_o small_a and_o put_v they_o in_o a_o overluted_n glass-body_n brush_v with_o a_o hares-foot_n bind_v to_o a_o little_a stick_n the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n be_v take_v off_o that_o the_o water_n may_v go_v clean_o over_o and_o not_o have_v cause_n to_o ascend_v when_o then_o the_o stuff_n be_v put_v into_o the_o bottle_n or_o jugg_n then_o put_v it_o in_o one_o of_o the_o by-oven_n on_o the_o grate_n with_o a_o copel_n make_v for_o it_o on_o purpose_n and_o lay_v upon_o the_o by-oven_n a_o cake_n make_v of_o earth_n or_o clay_n and_o daub_v it_o close_o about_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o jug_n and_o over-lute_n the_o joyning_n every_o where_o with_o the_o clay_n very_o well_o that_o no_o heat_n or_o vapour_n may_v go_v out_o of_o it_o and_o let_v the_o air-hole_n on_o the_o side_n be_v open_a as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o former_a sculpture_n yet_o not_o too_o wide_o for_o if_o they_o be_v open_a near_o three_o finger_n wide_a then_o it_o be_v wide_a enough_o but_o you_o must_v not_o put_v the_o bottle_n as_o now_o it_o be_v mention_v section_n 2_o naked_a into_o the_o oven_n upon_o the_o iron-grate_n as_o you_o fort._n do_v with_o the_o iron_n jug_n but_o in_o a_o small_a earthen_a test_n make_v on_o purpose_n which_o have_v below_o a_o little_a foot_n which_o be_v call_v a_o coppel_n and_o in_o this_o put_v ash_n or_o clean_a sand_n that_o the_o glass_n bottle_n may_v come_v to_o stand_v a_o good_a square_a hand_n above_o the_o grate_n when_o you_o have_v put_v in_o the_o stuff_n set_v a_o helm_n upon_o it_o and_o dawb_v the_o joynings_n very_o well_o over_o with_o the_o clay_n which_o you_o have_v prepare_v section_n 3_o but_o some_o have_v another_o way_n viz._n when_o the_o bottle_n be_v put_v in_o than_o they_o lie_v round_o about_o the_o neck_n good_a prepare_v way_n clay_n and_o over_o the_o clay_n they_o lay_v paper_n so_o that_o the_o helm_n may_v not_o quite_o stand_v on_o the_o clay_n and_o this_o be_v do_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o helm_n after_o the_o distil_a may_v loosen_v itself_o clean_a and_o then_o they_o do_v set_v upon_o it_o the_o helm_n and_o lute_n it_o over_o with_o good_a clay_n and_o last_o apply_v the_o thin_a stuff_n upon_o a_o little_a cloth_n that_o no_o spirit_n at_o all_o may_v go_v out_o section_n 4_o receiver_n you_o ought_v also_o to_o prepare_v the_o by-oven_n and_o likewise_o the_o jug_n or_o bottle_n with_o the_o helm_n set_v

relation_n any_o correspondence_n between_o the_o arm_n that_o be_v lose_v in_o europe_n and_o that_o leg_n which_o be_v lose_v in_o africa_n or_o asia_n score_n of_o year_n between_o one_o humour_n of_o our_o body_n produce_v worm_n and_o those_o worm_n suck_v and_o exhaust_v all_o other_o humour_n and_o then_o all_o die_v and_o all_o dry_v and_o moulder_n into_o dust_n and_o that_o dust_n be_v blow_v into_o the_o river_n and_o that_o pudled_a water_n tumble_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o ebb_v and_o flow_v with_o infinite_a revolution_n and_o still_o yea_o still_o god_n do_v know_v in_o what_o cabinet_n every_o seed_n pearl_n lie_v in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o world_n every_o grain_n and_o particle_n of_o every_o man_n dust_n do_v lie_v now_o we_o be_v to_o believe_v that_o this_o scatter_a dust_n over_o all_o the_o element_n shall_v in_o the_o twinkle_n of_o a_o eye_n have_v a_o glorious_a resurrection_n far_o more_o glorious_a than_o what_o be_v producible_a by_o metallick_n art_n which_o serve_v here_o but_o as_o a_o illustration_n of_o what_o may_v be_v expect_v hereafter_o but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o chemical_a dust_n ash_n and_o powder_n the_o dust_n of_o diamond_n be_v most_o remarkable_a because_o nothing_o can_v master_v cut_v or_o polish_v a_o diamond_n but_o by_o its_o own_o dust_n and_o it_o be_v a_o delicate_a art_n especial_o their_o mill_n by_o which_o with_o the_o dust_n of_o it_o they_o make_v so_o many_o curious_a angle_n as_o that_o they_o be_v all_o reflectionary_a glittering_n and_o sparkle_a light_n to_o each_o other_o then_o for_o ash_n the_o several_a lixivium_n or_o lees_n which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o they_o they_o be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o chemistry_n especial_o those_o that_o be_v make_v for_o salt-petre_a without_o which_o scarce_o any_o metallick_n operation_n can_v have_v good_a effect_n and_o for_o powder_n the_o most_o eminent_a be_v that_o which_o be_v make_v for_o gun_n viz._n of_o salt-petre_a charcoal_n and_o brimstone_n and_o some_o other_o ingredient_n to_o heighten_v their_o temper_n and_o when_o it_o be_v perfect_v for_o the_o use_n it_o do_v as_o it_o be_v revenge_v its_o own_o contusion_n by_o shatter_v the_o piece_n of_o other_o almost_o into_o atom_n and_o therefore_o call_v t._n buechsen-pulv_a l._n pulvis_fw-la tormentarius_fw-la as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v invent_v by_o the_o friar_n to_o torment_v other_o before_o their_o time_n now_o see_v i_o be_o write_v of_o gunpowder_n i_o have_v long_o since_o consider_v of_o the_o vast_a quantity_n that_o be_v spend_v in_o salute_v etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v my_o chance_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o ingredient_n of_o a_o cheap_a rate_n with_o which_o suppose_v a_o pound_n of_o powder_n to_o be_v use_v i_o take_v a_o four_o part_n of_o it_o and_o three_o part_n of_o my_o ingredient_n which_o be_v not_o of_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o four_o part_n of_o powder_n and_o with_o that_o mixture_n do_v make_v a_o report_n rather_o great_a than_o less_o than_o the_o whole_a pound_n of_o powder_n will_v have_v do_v but_o this_o compound_a powder_n be_v more_o for_o noise_n than_o execution_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a use_n of_o salute_v or_o for_o triumph_n whereby_o half_o 3_o part_n of_o 4_o in_o the_o charge_n of_o common_a gunpowder_n may_v be_v save_v and_o see_v i_o have_v tell_v you_o of_o a_o powder_n of_o salutation_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o i_o have_v find_v out_o a_o powder_n of_o preservation_n such_o as_o without_o salt_n shall_v keep_v meat_n in_o its_o blood_n and_o gravy_n untainted_a or_o unputrify_v for_o more_o than_o a_o year_n of_o which_o some_o little_a experiment_n i_o have_v make_v but_o not_o sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v myself_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o powder_n which_o i_o be_o to_o speak_v of_o viz._n a_o powder_n of_o dulcification_n which_o be_v a_o peculiar_a art_n but_o for_o that_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o herbet_n that_o divine_a poet_n as_o a_o admonition_n for_o the_o good_a use_n it_o when_o hair_n smell_v sweet_a through_o pride_n or_o lust_n the_o powder_n have_v forget_v the_o dust_n purification_n purify_n t._n rein_n reinigen_n saeuberung_v l._n mundatio_fw-la purgatio_fw-la purificare_fw-la clarificare_fw-la defaecare_fw-la to_o separate_v metal_n from_o dross_n either_o by_o wash_v by_o clarify_n filter_a digestion_n or_o distil_v and_o this_o be_v do_v by_o water_n only_o or_o by_o fire_n only_o and_o sometime_o by_o both_o joint_o see_v cleanse_v purge_v clarify_n putrefaction_n t._n verrottung_n &_o verfalung_v l._n putrifactio_fw-la a._n rottenness_n corruption_n putrefaction_n etc._n etc._n as_o bee_n from_o a_o lion_n carcase_n judg._n 14._o 8._o snake_n from_o the_o corruption_n of_o horsehair_n maggot_n and_o fly_n from_o corrupt_a flesh_n eel_n from_o corrupt_a dew_n and_o in_o all_o history_n of_o nilus_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o mud_n thereof_o breed_v beside_o other_o large_a creature_n a_o infinite_a number_n of_o mouse_n in_o which_o experiment_n we_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o island_n of_o foulness_n in_o dengy_n hundred_o in_o essex_n where_o as_o my_o author_n mr._n bernard_n a_o very_a credible_a gentleman_n affirm_v to_o i_o and_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o chiswell_n in_o his_o britania_n baconica_n that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o every_o year_n in_o his_o ground_n there_o a_o prodigious_a number_n of_o mouse_n be_v breed_v from_o the_o soil_n of_o his_o ground_n so_o as_o he_o have_v often_o see_v some_o of_o they_o not_o full_o shape_v and_o these_o mouse_n about_o august_n do_v devour_v all_o the_o root_n of_o the_o grass_n whereby_o the_o grass_n be_v wither_v the_o whole_a ground_n seem_v like_o a_o bed_n of_o chaff_n wherein_o the_o mouse_n delight_v themselves_o but_o whilst_o they_o be_v in_o their_o sport_n about_o the_o end_n of_o every_o september_n there_o come_v a_o sort_n of_o little_a owl_n in_o great_a number_n but_o much_o less_o than_o those_o which_o be_v breed_v in_o england_n and_o so_o be_v fill_v and_o fatten_v they_o fly_v away_o again_o and_o what_o with_o the_o chaff_n and_o carrion_n of_o the_o mouse_n and_o dung_n of_o the_o owl_n the_o next_o spring_n the_o ground_n produce_v again_o plenty_n of_o grass_n which_o fatten_v he_o yearly_o many_o good_a ox_n now_o this_o putrefaction_n be_v not_o only_o see_v by_o produce_v such_o infect_v but_o in_o metal_n for_o the_o rust_v of_o they_o be_v but_o rot_v or_o putrefaction_n as_o when_o ceruse_n be_v produce_v of_o lead_n make_v rot_v with_o urine_n or_o vinegar_n and_o verdigrise_v produce_v from_o copper_n make_v rot_v by_o fume_n of_o wine_n and_o many_o such_o like_a putrefaction_n see_v pulveration_n etc._n etc._n qu_n q_o qu_n quarry_n t._n steinegruben_n which_o word_n grub_n be_v use_v in_o english_a to_o search_v for_o stone_n etc._n etc._n l._n lapidicinia_n latonia_n latumia_n lithomia_n and_o fodina_fw-la and_o for_o a_o quarry_n of_o millstone_n cotaria_n it_o be_v not_o agree_v from_o whence_o this_o word_n be_v derive_v but_o the_o french_a come_v near_a to_o the_o matter_n viz._n querir_fw-it from_o the_o latin_a quaerere_fw-la to_o seek_v or_o pro_fw-la qua_fw-la re_fw-la quaerit_fw-la and_o so_o a_o hawk_n be_v say_v to_o have_v her_o quarry_n when_o she_o have_v get_v what_o she_o fly_v at_o however_o it_o be_v call_v also_o fodina_fw-la which_o be_v the_o title_n to_o a_o mine_n and_o indeed_o the_o mine_n for_o metal_n mineral_n and_o stone_n be_v so_o near_o of_o kin_n that_o they_o may_v all_o be_v call_v proper_o fodinae_fw-la see_v mine_n mineral_n stone_n water_n quench_v or_o to_o quench_v t._n ermorden_n that_o be_v to_o put_v to_o death_n also_o andeschen_n l_o extinguere_fw-la which_o in_o metal_n be_v when_o the_o heat_n of_o they_o be_v take_v away_o by_o cold_a water_n so_o quench_v thirst_n be_v the_o allay_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o body_n by_o some_o cool_a liquid_n and_o it_o may_v also_o come_v from_o the_o quince_z apple_n which_o have_v the_o quality_n to_o allay_v flame_n thirstiness_n etc._n etc._n come_v from_o hot_a cause_n quicksilver_n t._n quecksilver_n l._n argentum_fw-la vivum_fw-la argentum_fw-la liquidum_fw-la &_o fufile_v &_o hidrargirum_n or_o argenteum_fw-la aqueum_fw-la and_o this_o by_o chemist_n be_v devote_v to_o the_o planet_n mercury_n and_o so_o by_o they_o also_o call_v mercury_n for_o its_o agility_n and_o therefore_o the_o heathen_n who_o worship_v it_o as_o a_o god_n yet_o put_v a_o humane_a shape_n on_o it_o with_o wing_n to_o his_o foot_n but_o our_o metallick_n mercury_n or_o quicksilver_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n viz._n adulterate_v and_o natural_a as_o for_o the_o adulterate_v it_o be_v easy_o discover_v by_o put_v some_o of_o it_o into_o a_o spoon_n and_o so_o over_o fire_n let_v it_o evaporate_v and_o if_o it_o leave_v a_o black_a or_o duskishness_n

grain-kiln_a or_o furnace_n sculpture_n vii_o chap._n xxi_o how_o the_o grain_v or_o granulate_v silver_n be_v to_o be_v assay_v for_o fine_a silver_n section_n 1_o granulated_a silver_n have_v different_a content_n therefore_o according_a to_o its_o content_n silver_n the_o addition_n of_o lead_n must_v be_v but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o true_a understanding_n of_o the_o difference_n so_o the_o addition_n of_o lead_n according_a to_o the_o content_n must_v be_v take_v thus_o viz._n to_o that_o which_o contain_v fifteen_o loath_a of_o fine_a silver_n the_o lead_n must_v be_v 5_o or_o 6_o time_n the_o quantity_n and_o to_o that_o which_o be_v burn_v silver_n and_o be_v 15_o loath_a and_o three_o dram_n in_o the_o content_n to_o such_o there_o need_v but_o four_o time_n the_o quantity_n but_o if_o the_o grain_n be_v from_o 12_o to_o 14_o loath_a then_o take_v to_o one_o mark_v ten_o mark_n of_o lead_n and_o upon_o 14_o loath_a content_n take_v section_n 2_o lead_n nine_o quantity_n from_o 9_o unto_o 12_o loath_a content_n take_v 16_o quantity_n and_o from_o one_o to_o eight_o loth-content_n take_v 18_o quantity_n and_o although_o upon_o some_o content_n there_o may_v well_o be_v one_o or_o two_o quantity_n more_o than_o one_o too_o little_a so_o that_o the_o proof_n may_v have_v its_o due_a of_o lead_n and_o if_o the_o proof_n be_v right_o govern_v there_o will_v be_v no_o want_n when_o you_o be_v ready_a to_o assay_v such_o grain_n or_o old_a silver_n then_o set_v first_o the_o coppel_v into_o the_o oven_n and_o not_o grain_n above_o two_o silver_n trial_n at_o a_o time_n let_v they_o be_v well_o nealee_v and_o heat_v and_o then_o put_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o silver_n or_o grain_n to_o two_o equal_a mark_n of_o thy_o penny_n weight_n place_v each_o of_o they_o into_o a_o small_a test_n or_o put_v first_o the_o prepare_a lead_n for_o the_o proof_n upon_o the_o coppel_n and_o let_v it_o begin_v to_o work_v and_o after_o it_o also_o the_o weigh_v grain_n govern_v the_o fire_n by_o cover_v the_o furnace_n as_o also_o by_o put_v the_o instrument_n under_o the_o muffle_v that_o the_o proof_n may_v go_v off_o alike_o and_o pretty_a cool_a cause_n afterward_o the_o grain_n to_o shine_v bright_a yet_o not_o over_o hot_a that_o they_o may_v not_o bolt_n or_o fly_v out_o else_o the_o proof_n will_v be_v false_a further_o know_v also_o that_o the_o grain_n which_o be_v rich_a in_o copper_n and_o can_v endure_v much_o cold_a in_o try_v must_v be_v keep_v cold_a and_o afterward_o let_v it_o shine_v clear_a if_o the_o content_n be_v true_o to_o be_v find_v and_o that_o which_o be_v not_o rich_a grain_n in_o copper_n with_o less_o coolness_n will_v leave_v its_o subtle_a littarge_fw-fr on_o the_o coppel_n as_o have_v be_v say_v above_o but_o the_o burn_a silver_n and_o the_o very_a rich_a grain_n can_v endure_v the_o cold_a ☞_o because_o it_o have_v no_o streamy_a copper_n with_o it_o and_o the_o proof_n will_v easy_o congeal_v and_o if_o this_o shall_v happen_v there_o will_v be_v no_o remedy_n afterward_o but_o it_o must_v be_v do_v again_o therefore_o such_o proof_n must_v go_v off_o a_o little_o hot_a section_n 5_o lead_n but_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v by_o not_o mind_v it_o that_o to_o one_o poof_n there_o shall_v be_v one_o or_o two_o quantity_n of_o lead_n too_o little_a than_o the_o proof_n will_v not_o shine_v clear_o at_o all_o which_o be_v easy_o to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o grain_n when_o there_o be_v little_a spot_n upon_o they_o as_o also_o black_a and_o wrink_o and_o not_o very_o clean_o such_o trial_n be_v false_a and_o must_v be_v begin_v anew_o section_n 6_o hot_a also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o if_o the_o proof_n do_v go_v too_o hot_a than_o the_o lead_n will_v carry_v more_o than_o ordinary_a of_o silver_n with_o it_o into_o the_o coppel_n and_o what_o one_o have_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o proof_n that_o he_o will_v find_v only_o have_v a_o care_n that_o the_o grain_n in_o the_o end_n may_v be_v clean_a and_o clear_a so_o you_o will_v find_v the_o true_a content_n section_n 7_o fine_a when_o the_o grain_n be_v go_v off_o clean_o than_o they_o must_v be_v strike_v off_o from_o the_o coppel_n while_o they_o be_v warm_v so_o do_v they_o go_v off_o clean_o from_o the_o clar_n but_o if_o there_o shall_v yet_o stick_v something_o about_o it_o then_o press_v the_o grain_n with_o clean_a flat_a tong_n and_o the_o unclean_a will_v fly_v away_o further_o brush_v it_o with_o a_o hard_a brush_n clean_o off_o and_o when_o they_o be_v very_o clean_o then_o weigh_v they_o one_o against_o another_o if_o they_o be_v alike_o and_o do_v stand_v even_o at_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o balance_n then_o be_v the_o proof_n right_o weigh_v then_o one_o grain_n by_o itself_o and_o see_v how_o many_o loathe_v dram_fw-la and_o pence_n it_o have_v by_o thy_o assay-weight_n that_o you_o may_v find_v by_o it_o the_o true_a content_n and_o see_v that_o the_o lead-grain_n be_v always_o abate_v though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o little_a chap._n xxii_o how_o coin_v money_n in_o great_a or_o small_a sort_n may_v be_v assay_v section_n 1_o what_o concern_v good_a and_o gross_a money_n as_o dollar_n and_o new_a rix_n gilder_n try_v they_o gilder_n thus_o take_v the_o piece_n you_o do_v intend_v to_o try_v beat_v it_o flat_a at_o one_o end_n upon_o a_o smooth_a clean_a anvil_n that_o it_o may_v be_v cut_v with_o small_a shears_n use_v for_o silver_n and_o so_o cut_v it_o into_o little_a piece_n and_o weigh_v they_o according_a to_o your_o grain_n weight_n two_o alike_o mark_v put_v this_o into_o a_o small_a test_n and_o make_v a_o trial_n if_o it_o be_v dollar_n put_v nine_o quantity_n of_o pure_a lead_n and_o to_o the_o new_a gilder_n put_v eight_o quantity_n cause_v they_o to_o glow_v off_o in_o a_o reasonable_a heat_n and_o cold_a as_o you_o have_v be_v before_o instruct_v and_o such_o proof_n when_o they_o be_v govern_v well_o in_o the_o fire_n do_v yield_v a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o fine_a and_o subtle_a litarge_fw-fr on_o the_o coppel_n which_o the_o unexpert_a assayer_n know_v not_o section_n 2_o it_o be_v also_o necessary_a to_o know_v that_o neither_o these_o nor_o other_o proof_n do_v leave_v any_o littarge_fw-fr on_o the_o coppel_n if_o they_o oven_n be_v not_o do_v in_o cover_a oven_n of_o which_o trial_n many_o refiner_n do_v know_v nothing_o as_o have_v be_v say_v therefore_o they_o ☜_o do_v seldom_o bring_v a_o proof_n to_o its_o true_a content_n for_o they_o know_v not_o how_o they_o must_v order_v their_o coppel_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o lead_n which_o be_v of_o no_o small_a concern_v that_o they_o may_v not_o have_v too_o many_o nor_o too_o few_o ash_n because_o if_o there_o be_v too_o few_o ash_n than_o the_o coppel_n will_v become_v soft_a because_o of_o the_o much_o lead_v which_o they_o suck_v in_o which_o easy_o do_v draw_v the_o silver_n with_o it_o into_o the_o coppel_n so_o the_o content_n be_v lessen_v and_o if_o there_o be_v too_o many_o ash_n than_o the_o coppel_n will_v be_v too_o big_a and_o take_v too_o much_o room_n in_o the_o furnace_n and_o be_v not_o so_o convenient_a for_o use_v section_n 3_o stivers_n concern_v single_a and_o double_a stivers_n they_o must_v be_v assay_v in_o the_o follow_a manner_n take_v two_o or_o three_o and_o cut_v they_o with_o sheers_n into_o little_a piece_n and_o weigh_v two_o equal_a mark_n or_o piece_n or_o parcel_n according_a to_o the_o grain-weight_n and_o take_v great_a care_n that_o you_o have_v some_o of_o the_o outside_n for_o the_o trial_n to_o both_o alike_o because_o the_o proof_n ☞_o that_o have_v most_o of_o the_o outside_n will_v be_v find_v rich_a in_o the_o content_n than_o the_o other_o that_o have_v not_o so_o much_o of_o the_o outside_n section_n 4_o quantity_n put_v to_o each_o mark_n or_o proof_n eighteen_o quantity_n of_o pure_a lead_n cause_v they_o to_o go_v off_o pretty_a cool_a and_o at_o last_o to_o shine_v clear_a which_o then_o also_o do_v leave_v subtle_a littarge_fw-fr upon_o the_o coppel_n yet_o not_o so_o much_o as_o of_o the_o dollar_n then_o if_o the_o grain_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a weight_n the_o proof_n be_v right_a draw_v one_o of_o the_o two_o up_o with_o the_o grain-weight_n and_o as_o many_o loathe_v and_o grain_n as_o you_o do_v find_v so_o much_o be_v there_o content_a in_o a_o mark_n of_o fine_a silver_n section_n 5_o upon_o white_a penny_n reinish_z and_o other_z penny_n the_o proof_n penny_n be_v thus_o take_v twelve_o of_o they_o and_o cut_v of_o each_o of_o they_o a_o bit_n or_o two_o for_o a_o trial_n only_o take_v notice_n that_o you_o do_v take_v of_o such_o penny_n some_o bit_n where_o it_o be_v

boil_v it_o and_o then_o let_v the_o strong_a be_v gentle_o put_v into_o the_o kettle_n and_o so_o boil_v the_o first_o strong_a lee_n which_o do_v run_v off_o with_o it_o till_o all_o come_v in_o the_o kettle_n and_o the_o lees_n be_v strong_a enough_o and_o you_o must_v sometime_o with_o a_o great_a copper-spoon_n full_a of_o hole_n stir_v the_o lees_n about_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o kettle_n for_o when_o the_o lee_n yield_v salt_n it_o will_v fall_v on_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o kettle_n then_o lift_v it_o out_o with_o the_o great_a ladle_n and_o always_o take_v the_o scum_n from_o it_o then_o prove_v the_o strong_a lee_n by_o droop_a one_o two_o or_o three_o drop_n upon_o a_o cold_a iron_n and_o when_o the_o drop_n stand_v upon_o it_o like_o butter_n that_o be_v when_o they_o flow_v not_o off_o when_o you_o turn_v the_o iron_n than_o the_o lees_n be_v strong_a enough_o or_o set_v the_o lees_n in_o a_o little_a copper_n vessel_n upon_o cold_a water_n till_o it_o become_v cold_a than_o the_o raw_a salt-petre_n will_v show_v itself_o whereby_o you_o may_v see_v always_o whether_o the_o lee_n be_v strong_a enough_o which_o may_v be_v see_v also_o upon_o the_o great_a spoon_n wherewith_o you_o scum_v it_o for_o if_o the_o lees_n draw_v itself_o into_o a_o body_n like_o a_o oil_n the_o proof_n be_v right_a now_o when_o the_o lee_n be_v thus_o prepare_v than_o a_o hundred_o pound_n of_o it_o will_v contain_v in_o the_o proof_n very_o near_o seventy_o pound_n of_o salt-petre_n chap._n vi_o how_o to_o prepare_v lees_n for_o the_o crude_a and_o raw_a salt-petre_n when_o the_o lee_n be_v prepare_v as_o above_o section_n 1_o put_v it_o out_o of_o the_o kettle_n into_o a_o very_a strong_a tub_n of_o good_a wood_n let_v it_o stand_v in_o it_o till_o it_o cool_v a_o little_a and_o the_o dirt_n settle_v than_o the_o salt_n will_v fasten_v itself_o in_o great_a grain_n on_o the_o wood_n and_o when_o the_o lees_n be_v cool_v so_o that_o you_o may_v hold_v your_o finger_n in_o it_o then_o draw_v it_o off_o through_o a_o tap_n which_o be_v to_o stand_v a_o span_n high_a from_o the_o bottom_n and_o put_v it_o into_o great_a deep_a wooden_a trough_n or_o into_o copper_n kettles_n which_o must_v stand_v in_o the_o ground_n the_o cold_a they_o stand_v the_o better_a till_o the_o salt-petre_n grow_v and_o in_o this_o the_o raw_a salt-petre_n will_v grow_v almost_o two_o finger_n thick_a partly_o white_a partly_o yellow_a and_o partly_o very_o black-brown_a when_o the_o lee_n have_v stand_v in_o the_o growth_n two_o day_n and_o two_o night_n draw_v off_o the_o lee_n from_o the_o salt-petre_n and_o put_v it_o the_o second_o time_n over_o ash_n again_o with_o other_o strong_a lee_n else_o it_o will_v be_v too_o fat_a and_o will_v not_o grow_v but_o when_o the_o ash_n be_v not_o good_a so_o that_o the_o lee_n can_v grow_v then_o put_v strong_a lee_n with_o other_o lee_n over_o new_a good_a ash_n and_o boil_v it_o again_o to_o grow_v as_o above_o likewise_o when_o the_o strong_a lee_n in_o the_o make_n be_v very_o muddy_a in_o the_o kettle_n and_o the_o salt_n can_v fall_v because_o of_o the_o muddyness_n if_o this_o happen_v then_o only_o take_v out_o the_o lee_n to_o the_o growth_n and_o let_v the_o remain_a lee_n purify_v through_o the_o ash_n now_o how_o the_o salt_n be_v to_o be_v take_v out_o and_o how_o the_o strong_a lee_n stand_v grow_v this_o follow_a sculpture_n will_v show_v sculpture_n xl._o decipher_v 1._o the_o long_a narrow_a tub_n wherein_o to_o cool_v the_o lees._n 2._o the_o oven_n wherein_o the_o kettle_n be_v place_v 3._o the_o master_n that_o make_v and_o take_v out_o the_o petre_n and_o put_v it_o into_o separate_a basket_n 3._o the_o separate_a basket_n 4._o the_o tub_n out_o of_o which_o the_o strong_a lee_n run_v into_o the_o kettle_n 5._o the_o melter_n in_o which_o the_o salt_n petre_n improve_v 6._o the_o four_o kettle_n stand_v in_o the_o ground_n wherein_o the_o salt-petre_n also_o improve_v itself_o 7._o a_o strong_a tub_n into_o which_o the_o salt-petre_n be_v to_o be_v cast_v as_o it_o improve_v chap._n vii_o how_o to_o purify_v and_o cleanse_v the_o raw_a salt-petre_n when_o the_o salt-petre_n be_v thus_o make_v and_o section_n 1_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o lees_n draw_v off_o lift_v up_o salt-petre_n the_o kettle_n or_o tray_n and_o turn_v they_o to_o one_o end_n that_o the_o remain_a lee_n may_v run_v clear_a off_o then_o take_v a_o great_a iron_n spoon_n such_o as_o bricklayer_n use_v and_o lift_v out_o the_o salt-petre_n with_o it_o out_o of_o the_o kettle_n or_o tray_n put_v it_o into_o a_o tub_n with_o a_o hole_n below_o that_o the_o lees_n may_v run_v clean_o off_o section_n 2_o some_o salt-petre_n boiler_n who_o sell_v the_o raw_a unpurified_a earth-petre_n they_o pour_v clean_a well-water_n upon_o it_o that_o it_o may_v be_v well_o wash_v from_o the_o most_o part_n of_o its_o redness_n and_o become_v white_a what_o be_v run_v off_o they_o put_v again_o to_o other_o strong_a lee_n and_o boil_v it_o the_o next_o boil_v but_o if_o you_o will_v purify_v the_o raw_a salt-petre_n right_a and_o well_o section_n 3_o from_o its_o salt_n and_o uncleanness_n to_o become_v fair_a and_o white_a do_v it_o it_o thus_o when_o the_o raw_a salt-petre_n be_v a_o centner_n or_o four_o cause_n the_o purify_n kettle_n to_o be_v cleanse_v and_o dry_v pour_v in_o it_o so_o much_o well-water_n that_o the_o salt-petre_n may_v be_v dissolve_v in_o it_o then_o make_v a_o fire_n under_o it_o let_v the_o water_n be_v boil_v hot_a and_o then_o put_v the_o salt-petre_n gentle_o and_o easy_o in_o it_o and_o turn_v it_o about_o with_o the_o scum_a spoon_n that_o the_o salt-petre_n may_v be_v the_o soon_o and_o easy_o dissolve_v but_o while_o you_o be_v pour_v it_o into_o the_o kettle_n let_v there_o section_n 4_o be_v but_o little_a fire_n under_o that_o the_o cleanse_n may_v remain_v warm_a and_o when_o the_o salt_n petre_n be_v almost_o all_o put_v into_o the_o water_n and_o melt_v and_o the_o cleanse_n begin_v to_o boil_v then_o with_o the_o scumming-spoon_n put_v some_o upon_o the_o ground_n and_o when_o the_o salt-petre_n have_v set_v great_a grain_n of_o salt_n then_o lift_v it_o out_o which_o be_v better_o for_o it_o section_n 3_o proof_n when_o this_o be_v do_v and_o the_o cleanse_n begin_v to_o boil_v than_o it_o bring_v up_o a_o black_a scum_n take_v that_o off_o and_o take_v a_o copper_n vessel_n which_o hold_v near_o 8_o loathe_v of_o strong_a lees_n and_o make_v it_o half_o full_a of_o the_o cleanse_n put_v it_o in_o cold_a water_n to_o cool_v it_o sudden_o so_o the_o salt-petre_n will_v begin_v to_o shoot_v and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o proof_n make_v than_o you_o will_v see_v whether_o the_o cleanse_n be_v yet_o too_o strong_a if_o it_o be_v there_o will_v come_v a_o skin_n over_o the_o proof_n in_o the_o vessel_n and_o if_o so_o then_o fill_v more_o warm_a water_n into_o the_o kettle_n and_o keep_v it_o in_o such_o a_o strength_n that_o the_o cleanse_n in_o the_o kettle_n may_v bubble_v then_o make_v a_o proof_n out_o of_o the_o vessel_n and_o when_o the_o cleanse_n shoot_v in_o it_o and_o in_o the_o midst_n do_v remain_v open_a so_o that_o it_o do_v not_o close_o together_o then_o the_o proof_n be_v right_a but_o if_o it_o grow_v together_o then_o fill_v more_o water_n till_o the_o proof_n remain_v open_a and_o pour_v near_o a_o pint_n of_o vinegar_n in_o the_o cleanse_n into_o the_o kettle_n which_o will_v bring_v up_o a_o black_a scum_n for_o the_o cleanse_n will_v purify_v itself_o of_o it_o and_o when_o the_o scum_n be_v thick_a take_v it_o off_o and_o when_o the_o cleanse_n have_v buble_v a_o while_n long_o pour_v in_o it_o so_o much_o good_a vinegar_n as_o may_v keep_v it_o in_o continual_a bubble_a and_o then_o take_v the_o again_o black_a off_o as_o at_o first_o this_o you_o may_v do_v the_o three_o time_n and_o pour_v on_o vinegar_n till_o the_o cleanse_n be_v very_o clean_a and_o do_v cast_v up_o no_o more_o black_a scum_n then_o take_v 3_o or_o 4_o loathe_v of_o burnt-allum_n beat_v small_a and_o put_v it_o in_o the_o cleanse_a water_n stir_v it_o about_o and_o of_o this_o the_o salt-petre_n use_v to_o yield_v fine_a long_o slack_v and_o it_o hurt_v not_o the_o salt-petre_n then_o pour_v the_o cleanse_n in_o the_o before_o mention_v high_a slender_a tub_n and_o cover_v it_o that_o it_o be_v not_o cold_a in_o the_o tub_n let_v it_o stand_v a_o hour_n or_o two_o at_o most_o thus_o the_o yellow_a dirt_n will_v settle_v itself_o in_o the_o bottom_n then_o let_v the_o cleanse_v run_v out_o while_o it_o be_v hot_a and_o pour_v it_o into_o a_o great_a wooden_a tray_n or_o