Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	body_n	heat_n	hot_a	2,056	5	7.8780	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A25846	Logic, or, The art of thinking in which, besides the common, are contain'd many excellent new rules, very profitable for directing of reason and acquiring of judgment in things as well relating to the instruction of for the excellency of the matter printed many times in French and Latin, and now for publick good translated into English by several hands.; Logique. English. 1685	Arnauld, Antoine, 1612-1694.; Nicole, Pierre, 1625-1695.	1685 (1685)	Wing A3723; ESTC R7858	106,112	258

for_o perfection_n and_o clearriess_n in_o idea_n be_v two_o different_a thing_n for_o they_o be_v perfect_a when_o they_o represent_v to_o we_o whatever_o be_v in_o the_o object_n clear_v when_o they_o represent_v to_o we_o as_o much_o as_o suffice_v to_o apprehend_v the_o object_n clear_o and_o distinct_o on_o the_o other_o side_n they_o be_v confuse_v and_o obscure_a idea_n which_o we_o have_v of_o sensible_a quality_n as_o of_o colour_n sound_n odour_n taste_n cold_a heat_n ponderosity_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o those_o of_o our_o desire_n as_o of_o hunger_n thirst_v pain_n etc._n etc._n now_o mark_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o obscurity_n of_o these_o idea_n in_o regard_n we_o be_v first_o child_n before_o we_o be_v man_n and_o that_o exterior_a thing_n operate_a within_o we_o stir_v up_o various_a sensation_n in_o our_o mind_n by_o the_o help_n of_o those_o impression_n which_o they_o make_v in_o our_o body_n the_o mind_n conscious_a that_o those_o sensation_n be_v affect_v against_o her_o will_n and_o that_o by_o some_o body_n as_o for_o example_n the_o sensation_n of_o heat_n by_o the_o eire_n will_v not_o only_o judge_v that_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n without_o she_o which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o sensation_n wherein_o she_o be_v not_o deceive_v but_o go_v far_o imagine_v something_o in_o the_o object_n altogether_o like_o sensation_n or_o at_o least_o like_o the_o idea_n thence_o arise_v upon_o these_o consideration_n therefore_o she_o form_v idea_n to_o herself_o and_o transfer_v the_o sensation_n of_o heat_n cold_a etc._n etc._n into_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v without_o she_o and_o by_o that_o mean_v those_o confuse_a and_o obscure_a idea_n of_o sensible_a quality_n arise_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o mind_n intermix_v she_o own_o false_a judgement_n with_o those_o that_o she_o derive_v from_o nature_n now_o in_o regard_n these_o idea_n be_v not_o natural_a but_o arbitrary_a man_n have_v make_v a_o most_o fantastical_a use_n of_o they_o and_o turn_v they_o into_o mere_a chimaera_n for_o though_o that_o heat_n and_o burn_a be_v two_o sort_n of_o sensation_n the_o one_o weak_a the_o other_o fierce_a we_o have_v allow_v heat_n to_o the_o fire_n affirm_v fire_n to_o be_v endue_v with_o heat_n yet_o we_o have_v deprive_v fire_n of_o the_o burn_a faculty_n or_o of_o the_o pain_n which_o we_o feel_v in_o approach_v too_o near_o it_o deny_v fire_n to_o be_v affect_v with_o pain_n but_o if_o man_n have_v right_o apprehend_v that_o pain_n be_v not_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o fire_n that_o burn_v the_o hand_n yet_o have_v they_o be_v in_o another_o error_n while_o they_o think_v pain_n to_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n which_o the_o fire_n burn_v when_o as_o pain_n be_v only_o in_o the_o sense_n this_o be_v not_o only_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n as_o the_o cyrenarch_n but_o even_o of_o st._n austin_n himself_o for_o say_v he_o in_o his_o 14_o book_n de_fw-fr civitat_fw-la dei_fw-la pain_n say_v to_o be_v pain_n of_o the_o flesh_n be_v pain_n of_o the_o soul_n in_o the_o flesh_n and_o out_o of_o the_o flesh_n for_o pain_n of_o the_o flesh_n be_v only_o a_o injury_n to_o the_o soul_n and_o a_o certain_a dissent_n from_o its_o suffering_n as_o the_o pain_n of_o the_o soul_n which_o be_v sadness_n be_v a_o dissent_n from_o those_o thing_n that_o befall_v we_o against_o our_o wi_n thus_o in_o his_o seven_o book_n upon_o genesis_n c._n 19_o when_o the_o soul_n feel_v the_o affliction_n of_o the_o body_n she_o be_v offend_v in_o her_o act_n of_o government_n of_o the_o body_n her_o rule_n be_v disturb_v and_o this_o offence_n be_v call_v pain_n now_o that_o that_o pain_n which_o be_v call_v the_o pain_n of_o the_o body_n belong_v to_o the_o soul_n and_o not_o to_o the_o body_n be_v manifest_a from_o this_o that_o those_o thing_n that_o affect_v we_o with_o pain_n seldom_o trouble_v we_o when_o our_o mind_n be_v intent_n upon_o other_o thing_n as_o we_o sin_v by_o the_o african_a priest_n of_o who_o st._n austin_n l._n 14._o de_fw-la civitat_fw-la dei_fw-la c._n 24._o who_o when_o please_v upon_o the_o counterfeit_n of_o groan_n and_o lamentation_n will_v so_o abstract_a himself_o from_o his_o sense_n and_o lie_v as_o it_o be_v for_o dead_a that_o they_o can_v not_o make_v he_o sensible_a of_o pinch_a and_o prick_a nor_o of_o the_o heat_n of_o fire_n till_o it_o begin_v to_o scorch_v his_o skin_n moreover_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o neither_o the_o ill_a disposition_n of_o the_o hand_n nor_o any_o motion_n arise_v from_o burn_a cause_v the_o soul_n to_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o pain_n unless_o this_o motion_n be_v communicate_v to_o the_o brain_n by_o certain_a small_a string_n include_v in_o the_o nerve_n and_o extend_v from_o the_o brain_n to_o the_o hand_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n which_o can_v be_v move_v unless_o that_o part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v also_o move_v from_o whence_o they_o derive_v themselves_o so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o accident_n that_o hinder_v these_o little_a string_n from_o communicate_v their_o motion_n to_o the_o brain_n as_o in_o the_o palsy_n a_o man_n may_v endure_v wound_n and_o pain_n without_o any_o sense_n of_o pain_n insomuch_o that_o what_o appear_v yet_o more_o strange_a a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o pain_n in_o his_o hand_n that_o want_v hand_n as_o often_o it_o happen_v to_o those_o who_o hand_n be_v cut_v off_o for_o that_o if_o the_o thread_n of_o the_o nerve_n extend_v from_o the_o hand_n to_o the_o brain_n be_v move_v near_o the_o elbow_n where_o they_o terminate_v they_o may_v move_v that_o part_n of_o the_o brain_n to_o which_o they_o be_v fasten_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o may_v be_v move_v if_o the_o same_o thread_n descend_v to_o the_o hand_n as_o the_o one_o end_n of_o a_o small_a rope_n may_v be_v move_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n if_o draw_v about_o the_o middle_n as_o if_o pull_v at_o the_o other_o extremity_n and_o thus_o the_o soul_n shall_v feel_v the_o same_o pain_n as_o it_o will_v feel_v if_o the_o person_n have_v hand_n for_o the_o soul_n direct_v its_o attentiveness_n thither_o from_o whence_o that_o motion_n of_o the_o brain_n use_v to_o proceed_v which_o before_o affect_v it_o with_o that_o sort_n of_o pain_n thus_o the_o reflection_n that_o we_o behold_v in_o a_o glass_n appear_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o they_o will_v be_v shall_v they_o be_v look_v upon_o with_o direct_a beam_n as_o be_v the_o most_o usual_a manner_n of_o behold_v object_n and_o these_o thing_n shall_v suffice_v to_o let_v we_o understand_v that_o it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o a_o soul_n separate_v from_o the_o body_n may_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o torment_n of_o hellfire_n and_o to_o feel_v the_o same_o pain_n as_o any_o one_o will_v feel_v through_o the_o torture_n of_o earthly_a fire_n in_o regard_n that_o when_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o body_n it_o be_v not_o the_o body_n but_o the_o soul_n that_o feel_v the_o pain_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o that_o pain_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o certain_a sadness_n of_o the_o mind_n wherewith_o it_o be_v afflict_v for_o the_o suffering_n of_o the_o body_n to_o which_o it_o be_v join_v by_o god_n why_o then_o may_v we_o not_o conceive_v that_o divine_a justice_n may_v so_o accommodate_v some_o part_n of_o the_o material_a body_n to_o the_o separate_a soul_n that_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o matter_n may_v excite_v troublesome_a and_o afflict_a thought_n in_o the_o soul_n so_o separate_v but_o let_v we_o return_v to_o confuse_a idea_n the_o idea_n of_o ponderosity_n be_v no_o less_o confuse_v than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n already_o recite_v for_o have_v observe_v from_o our_o infancy_n that_o stone_n and_o other_o heavy_a thing_n fall_v down_o as_o soon_o as_o let_v go_v out_o of_o our_o hand_n we_o form_v a_o idea_n of_o the_o thing_n fall_v which_o be_v genuine_a and_o true_a we_o also_o form_v a_o idea_n of_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o thing_n do_v fall_v which_o be_v true_a likewise_o but_o when_o we_o only_o see_v the_o stone_n and_o nothing_o else_o that_o force_v it_o downward_o out_o of_o the_o rashness_n of_o our_o judgement_n we_o conclude_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o what_o we_o do_v not_o see_v and_o therefore_o that_o the_o stone_n fall_v by_o virtue_n of_o its_o own_o proper_a and_o intrinsic_n force_v and_o at_o length_n we_o affix_v to_o this_o confuse_a idea_n coin_v only_o in_o our_o own_o judgement_n the_o name_n of_o ponderosity_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o we_o make_v different_a judgement_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n of_o which_o the_o same_o judgement_n be_v to_o be_v assert_v for_o as_o we_o see_v stone_n move_v towards_o the_o earth_n we_o

only_o mean_v that_o which_o be_v only_o proper_a to_o cause_n in_o we_o a_o sentiment_n of_o heat_n and_o by_o heavy_a that_o which_o fall_v downward_o not_o be_v prop_v up_o they_o may_v then_o deserve_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o folly_n to_o deny_v fire_n to_o be_v hot_a and_o stone_n to_o be_v heavy_a but_o if_o they_o mean_v by_o heat_n that_o which_o have_v in_o its_o self_n a_o quality_n like_a to_o that_o which_o we_o imagine_v when_o we_o feel_v heat_n and_o by_o heavy_a that_o which_o have_v in_o itself_o a_o internal_a principle_n which_o cause_v it_o to_o fall_v to_o the_o centre_n not_o be_v compel_v by_o any_o violence_n from_o without_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a then_o to_o demonstrate_v to_o they_o that_o it_o be_v no_o denial_n of_o a_o clear_a thing_n but_o of_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v very_o obscure_a if_o not_o altogether_o false_a that_o fire_n be_v hot_a in_o that_o sense_n or_o that_o a_o stone_n be_v heavy_a in_o regard_v it_o be_v apparent_a that_o fire_n cause_v in_o we_o a_o sense_n of_o heat_n by_o that_o action_n whereby_o it_o operate_v upon_o our_o body_n but_o it_o be_v no_o way_n evident_a that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o fire_n any_o thing_n like_o to_o that_o which_o we_o feel_v in_o the_o fire_n and_o it_o be_v as_o evident_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o stone_n fall_v down_o but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o clear_a that_o they_o fall_v of_o themselves_o without_o any_o outward_a detrude_a violence_n thus_o we_o see_v the_o great_a benefit_n of_o define_v name_n for_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v we_o understand_v what_o it_o be_v we_o dispute_v of_o that_o we_o may_v not_o contend_v in_o vain_a about_o word_n which_o we_o understand_v some_o one_o way_n some_o another_o as_o be_v frequent_o practise_v even_o in_o our_o ordinary_a discourse_n but_o beside_o this_o benefit_n there_o be_v also_o another_o which_o be_v that_o we_o can_v many_o time_n have_v a_o distinct_a idea_n of_o a_o thing_n unless_o we_o make_v use_v of_o many_o word_n to_o denote_v it_o now_o it_o will_v be_v impertinent_a especial_o in_o write_n that_o concern_v the_o science_n to_o be_v always_o repeat_v a_o long_a series_n of_o word_n and_o therefore_o have_v once_o define_v the_o thing_n by_o several_a word_n we_o fix_v to_o some_o one_o word_n the_o idea_n conceive_v to_o serve_v instead_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n thus_o after_o we_o have_v find_v that_o there_o be_v number_n that_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o equal_a number_n to_o avoid_v the_o often_o repetition_n of_o those_o word_n we_o fix_v this_o propriety_n and_o call_v a_o number_n that_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o equal_a number_n a_o even_a number_n whence_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o as_o often_o as_o we_o make_v use_v of_o the_o define_v name_n the_o definition_n be_v to_o be_v mental_o supply_v which_o a_o man_n must_v have_v always_o so_o ready_a in_o his_o mind_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o hear_v even_a number_n he_o present_o understand_v such_o a_o number_n as_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o number_n and_o these_o two_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v so_o inseparable_a from_o the_o thought_n that_o the_o tongue_n shall_v no_o soon_o express_v the_o one_o but_o the_o mind_n shall_v add_v the_o other_o for_o they_o who_o have_v define_v name_n as_o the_o geometrician_n do_v with_o so_o much_o care_n do_v it_o only_o to_o abridge_v their_o write_n or_o as_o st._n austin_n say_v lest_o by_o continual_a circumlocution_n they_o shall_v create_v delay_n but_o yet_o they_o do_v not_o do_v it_o to_o abridge_v the_o idea_n of_o the_o thing_n of_o which_o they_o discourse_v believe_v the_o mind_n will_v supply_v the_o entire_a definition_n to_o short_a word_n which_o they_o only_o make_v use_v of_o to_o avoid_v the_o perplexity_n which_o multitude_n of_o word_n will_v produce_v chap._n xii_o certain_a observation_n of_o great_a importance_n touch_v the_o definition_n of_o word_n have_v thus_o explain_v the_o nature_n benefit_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o definition_n of_o name_n it_o will_v not_o be_v from_o the_o purpose_n to_o speak_v something_o of_o their_o use_n lest_o a_o ill_a use_n be_v make_v of_o '_o they_o first_o all_o name_n be_v not_o to_o be_v define_v for_o that_o will_v be_v often_o unprofitable_a and_o impossible_a to_o be_v do_v i_o say_v unprofitable_a for_o that_o when_o the_o idea_n conceive_v of_o thing_n be_v distinct_a and_o that_o all_o man_n understand_v the_o same_o language_n conceive_v the_o same_o idea_n it_o will_v be_v superfluous_a to_o define_v such_o a_o name_n because_o we_o have_v already_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o definition_n as_o be_v fix_v without_o a_o definition_n to_o the_o distinct_a and_o clear_a idea_n but_o this_o happen_v in_o thing_n that_o be_v pure_o simple_a of_o which_o all_o man_n natural_o have_v the_o same_o idea_n so_o that_o the_o word_n by_o which_o they_o be_v denote_v be_v understand_v by_o all_o man_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o mixture_n of_o obscurity_n that_o which_o be_v clear_a be_v primary_o understand_v and_o so_o they_o who_o make_v use_v of_o such_o word_n to_o denote_v a_o clear_a idea_n need_v not_o fear_v lest_o they_o shall_v be_v understand_v amiss_o such_o be_v the_o word_n ens_fw-la or_o be_v thought_n extension_n equality_n duration_n or_o time_n for_o though_o some_o may_v obscure_v the_o idea_n of_o time_n by_o several_a proposition_n which_o they_o call_v definition_n as_o that_o time_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o motion_n according_a to_o priority_n and_o posteriority_n nevertheless_o they_o never_o mind_v these_o definition_n themselves_o when_o they_o speak_v of_o time_n nor_o do_v they_o conceive_v any_o other_o thing_n of_o it_o so_o that_o both_o learned_a and_o unlearned_a with_o the_o same_o facility_n understand_v the_o same_o thing_n when_o they_o hear_v that_o a_o horse_n take_v up_o less_o time_n in_o pace_v a_o furlong_n then_o a_o tortoise_n i_o have_v say_v moreover_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o define_v all_o word_n in_o regard_n that_o to_o define_v some_o word_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o use_v other_o word_n that_o express_v the_o idea_n to_o which_o that_o word_n be_v to_o be_v annex_v and_o then_o if_o these_o word_n which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o explain_v the_o the_o first_o be_v also_o to_o be_v define_v there_o will_v be_v a_o necessity_n for_o other_o word_n and_o so_o to_o the_o world_n end_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v some_o primitive_a word_n which_o can_v be_v define_v and_o it_o will_v be_v as_o great_a a_o fault_n to_o be_v too_o curious_a about_o their_o definition_n as_o not_o to_o define_v sufficient_o for_o both_o way_n we_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o confusion_n which_o we_o labour_v to_o avoid_v the_o second_o observation_n be_v that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o change_v definition_n know_v and_o already_o receive_v unless_o we_o meet_v with_o something_o in_o they_o that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v fault_n with_o for_o it_o be_v always_o more_o easy_a to_o teach_v the_o signification_n of_o a_o word_n to_o other_o when_o custom_n already_o receive_v at_o least_o among_o the_o learned_a have_v fix_v it_o to_o a_o idea_n then_o to_o annex_v it_o anew_o to_o another_o idea_n and_o force_v it_o from_o a_o former_a to_o which_o it_o have_v be_v proper_o join_v by_o daily_a use_n and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a error_n to_o alter_v the_o definition_n receive_v by_o the_o mathematician_n unless_o where_o there_o be_v any_o that_o be_v not_o sufficient_o plain_a and_o obvious_a to_o sense_n or_o such_o who_o idea_n be_v not_o polite_o describe_v as_o in_o euclid_n may_v be_v think_v the_o definition_n of_o angle_n and_o proportion_n three_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n to_o define_v a_o name_n it_o behoove_v we_o to_o approach_v as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v to_o common_a custom_n and_o not_o to_o give_v to_o word_n a_o sense_n altogether_o foreign_a to_o what_o they_o already_o have_v or_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o their_o etymology_n as_o if_o a_o parallelogram_n shall_v be_v define_v a_o figure_n consist_v of_o three_o line_n but_o if_o the_o word_n have_v two_o signification_n it_o must_v be_v deprive_v of_o one_o that_o the_o other_o may_v be_v only_o affix_v to_o it_o thus_o when_o heat_n signify_v as_o well_o the_o feel_n which_o we_o have_v of_o it_o as_o the_o quality_n which_o we_o believe_v to_o be_v in_o the_o fire_n like_v to_o that_o which_o we_o feel_v to_o remove_v this_o ambiguity_n i_o will_v use_v the_o name_n of_o heat_n but_o i_o must_v not_o apply_v it_o but_o to_o one_o of_o these_o idea_n dismise_v it_o from_o the_o other_o say_v i_o call_v heat_v that_o feeling_n which_o