and hurtful and is either of the whole body chiefly performed by Phlebotomy Sweat and Purgation or of the several parts by their respective Conduits as the Brains by the Eyes Nose and Eares the Lungs by the Wind-pipe c. In all Evacuation three things are to be observ'd and considered The Quantity Quality and manner of Excretion V. g. The Empieme being opened the excluded matter ought to be answerable in quantity to that which is included The most laudable is white even and as little stinking as may be And lastly all must be purged out at one time least the Patient suffer too great an Effusion of Spirits The Passions of the Soul or Perturbations of the Mind are very prevalent to alter the Bodies Constitution for as the Banished Poet saith Unda locusque nocent causa valentior istis Anxietas animi quae mihi semper adest The Sea and place do hurt but yet I find A greater Cause the torment of my mind We wil therefore brieâ—ly expound their Effects A moderate Ioy dilates the heart and distributes abundance of Spirits to the Face and other parts it helps Concoction and renders our habitude more chearful and pleasant Anger or Wrath performs the like effusion but much more rapid and swiftâ— It kindleth sometimes the Humours so much that it makes them apt to receive a sharp volatile Salt which is thought the cause of putrid Feavers and produceth also other Symptoms yet it may be profitably used to quicken the natural heat and render it more active when it is almost prostrated Sorrow and Fear draw heat and blood suddenly to the Heart whence the forces do presently fall and sometimes death immediately follows the Vital Faculty being over whelmed with Blood and Spirits This I conceive sufficient since all other Passions of the mind may be referred to these three or four Those things are termed against nature which may procure the destroying and ruine of the Body They are the cause of Diseases Disease it self and its Accidents or Symptoms The Cause of a Disease is Whatsoever doth any way contribute to the being or increase of it Which though Physitians give them many distinctions may nevertheless all be referred to the efficient especially divided in 1. External 2. Internal For Alas How many things may extinguish our light The humours within us maintain an equal fight and least it be too long Death hath a Pike a Ball a Sword a Knife a Stone and an Arrow to cut our feeble thred c. The External Cause cometh from without the Internal hath its seat in the Body and is either 1. Antecedent that yeilds aptitude to a sickness Or 2. Conjoyn'd which immediately and of it self perfects it They are also co-ingendred with the Patient or have accesse to him after his Birth A Disease is A disposition against Nature immediately and of it self hurting the actions The same is Simple or Complicated The first is when there is no plurality or composition of Diseases The second When it is followed of many Symptoms or when the Cause is so connexed with it that it may be lookt upon as a particular Sickness Diseases are of a threefold species 1. Intempery 2. Evil Conformation 3. Solution of Continuity The first is an Indisposition of the Similary parts caused by the excess of a single Humour or the Exuberance of more The last whereof is called naked or conjoyned with a Vice of the same Humours and is termed equal as being â—qually spread throughout the whole Body or inequal as affecting only some particular part of it There are four sorts of evil Conformation Namely in 1. Figure 2. Magnitude 3. Number 4. Scituation Solution of Continuity is a common Disease of the Similary and Organical parts which hath several Names according to the places where it is incident For in the Flesh it is called Helcos in the Bones Cathagma in the Nerves Spasma The Symptoms of a Disease are the Effects and Productions of it To wit 1. A hurt action that is 1. Abolished 2. Diminished Or 3. Depraved 2. A Vice in the Bodyes Habitude 3. Vitiated Excretions Of the aforesaid Precepts are collected two Intentions 1. What is to be done 2. And if it may be done But the third belongs to Art viz. How it must be done The Practice whereof is better declared in the Words annexed and the following Chapters that do briefly comprehend what doth belong to a Chirurgeon The Indications are of three first and principal Species viz. 1. The first is drawn from the natural things which do Indicate their conservation by the use of things like to themselves and of this kind are the Indications drawn from 1. The strength and forces of the Patient which to preserve the proper Cure is often to be delayed for without them the Chirurgeon can effect but little 2. His Temper viz. 1. Sanguine 2. Cholerick 3. Phlegmatick 4. Melancholy 3. The Habitude of his Body 1. Soft and delicate 2. Lean or Fat. 3. Tall or Short Least he lose that Symetry which Nahath allotted him 4. The Condition and Nature of the part affected Wherein we consider 1. It s Substance whether if Similary it be 1. Hot. 2. Cold. 3. Moist 4. Dry. If Organical 1. Principal 2. Or Ignoble If it be 1. Of a quick Sense 2. Or Stupid and Dull And lastly it s 1. Form 2. Figure 3. Magnitude 4. Number 5. Connexion 6. Action or Use. 5. The Age for many Diseases cannot be Cured in Old Age. 6. The Sex for Women are easier purged than Men. 7. The Season of the Year for Hot meat is convenient in Winter Cold in Summer Moist in Autumn and Dry in the Spring 8. The time of the Disease for what is convenient in the beginning is not so in the progress state or end II. The second is drawn from the things not Natural Which do indicate their Alteration as if Air does conspire with Nature against the Disease it ought to be kept otherwise it must be altered III. The third is taken from the things against Nature which indicate their Ablation and are 1. The Cause of a Disease 2. The Disease it self 3. The Symptoms Which do often indicate contrary things but then this is the Rule When there is Complication the first Remedies ought to take away 1. The most Dangerous 2. The Cause 3. That without which nothing can be done As 1. Loss of Blood 2. Fluxion 3. Intempery A SHORT Compendium OF The PRACTICAL Part OF CHIRURGERY CHAP. II. Of Impostumes HAving thus far treated of such Theorems and Institutions as are wholly necessary to be known of all Well wishers to Chirurgery let us now say something of the Practical part thereof since it is almost impossible to treat perfectly of the Theorical unless the same do give some urgent occasion of it and in this it resembles the three Parts of Curative Physick that can hardly be separated from one another for as a French Poet doth intricately say Quand
A Short Compendium OF CHIRURGERY CONTAINING ITS GROUNDS PRINCIPLES More particularly Treating of IMPOSTHUMES WOUNDS ULCERS FRACTURES DISLOCATIONS ALSO A DISCOURSE of the Generation and Birth of MAN very necessary to be understood by all Midwives and Child-bearing women WITH The Several METHODS of Curing the FRENCH POX The Cure of Baldness Inflammation of the Eyes and Tooth-ach And an Account of Blood-letting Cup-setting and Blooding with Leeches By I. S. M. D. LONDON Printed by W. G. and are to be sold by Charles Blount at the Black Raven in the Strand near Worcester-House 1678. Academiae Cantabrigiensis Liber The Preface Courteous Reader MY Parents having ever destined me to be a Practical Physitian thought fit to make me begin the Studies thereof by learning Chirurgery probably thinking I might thereby acquire a better knowledge of Mans Body and its several parts together with their Functions as also its outward at least Indispositions and Cures than by only reading such Treatises of Physiologie as were then extant which Modern Anatomists and other Authors have since found defective But in the performance of their just desires I found no small inconveniency for want of some short and compendious Principles that might give me the Grounds and an Idea of that Art proportionable to my then mean Capacity almost frighted with the bulk of large and ill digested Volumes but there being no Remedy I was fain to compile out of them this small Treatise which I have since reviewed altering some obsolete Theorems into new ones and adding some small agreements to render its Reading less tedious And all for my own use without any thoughts of ever troubling the Press therewith These late years having brought forth several short Treatises of Chirurgery specially the excellent Principles of Barbetty and Hornius the former whereof is lately made English but finding in mine some things which are purposely omitted in theirs as few dislike their own Productions I have resolved to make this short Compendium Publick wishing that it may be to the advantage of young Beginners in Chirurgery and to the Health and Welfare of their Patients Thine I. S. The CONTENTS CHAP. I. CHirurgery defin'd pag. 2. It s Operations 3. Of Temper or Complexion 7. Of the Humours of the Body 10. The Soul defin'd 25. Of Diet 37. Of Sleep and Dreams 40. Of the Passions 42. A Disease dâ—fin'd 45. CHAP. II. Of Imposthumes THeir Causes and Matter pag. 53 54. Their Prognosticks 56. A Cataplasm to discuss an Imposthume 57. To resolve an Imposthume 60. To bring an Imposthume to Sâ—ppuration ibid. To mitigate the intense pain of an Imposthume ibid. CHAP. III. Of Wounds SIgns of a wound that has pierc'd the Skul 65. whether a wound has penetrated the Thorax ibid. when the Lungs are hurt ibid. when the Heart Diaphragm Great Artery or Vena-Cava Medulla-Spinalis Liver Stomach Guts Kidneys Bladder and Ureters 66 67. When the womb and Nerves 67 68. Of wounds that are mortal ibid. To help the Extraction of Bullets Darts c. a Receipt 69. Of Sutures 71. A Receipt to prevent a too great Flux of Blood 72. A Receipt to remove pain from the wounded part 73. An excellent Narcotick for the same 74. For Convulsions in the wounded 75. A Palsy defin'd and cur'd 77. Of the Cure of wounds made by Fire-Arms 80. A Receipt to bring them to Suppuration 81. The Definition of a Gangrene 82. It s Cause and Cure 83. CHAP. IV. Of Ulcers VVHat they are 86. Of the several sorts of Ulcers 88 89. Of the Cure of Ulcers 90 91. CHAP. V. Of Fractures and Dislocations VVHat a Fracture is 92. The Cure how perform'd 95. CHAP. VI. Of the Generation and Production of Man OF the Matter of Generation 98. Of the Place 99. The chiefest and surest Signs of Conception 100. To know whether the Child be Male or Female 101. The Signs of approaching Child-birth ibid. Directions to be observed before the Birth 102. Directions to be observed in the Birth 103. A Liniment to be used 104. An excellent Powder to hasten Child-birth 105. Directions to be observ'd when the Child is dead in the Womb 108. An Ointment for the Hypogaster 110. For the Expulsion of Wind an excellent Powder 111. To stanch Milk an infallible Receipt 112. CHAP. VII Of the French Pox. IT s Definition and Signs 114 115. Of its Cure 1. By Decoction 116. To make that Decoction ibid. 2. By Plaisters ibid. 3. By Unction 117. To make the Unction ibid. 4. By Suffumigation 121. The Method to be used in it ibid. CHAP. VIII Of several other Indispositions cured by Chirurgery OF Baldness and its Cure 123. Inslammation of the Eyes 124. Tooth-ach ibid. Phlebotomy 125. Cup-setting 126. Leeches 127. A SHORT Compendium OF CHIRURGERY CHAP. 1. THAT part of Physick which is called in Greek Therapeutick is divided into three others namely Diet Chirurgery and Pharmacy Yet although this division be needful these three Sisters as the Graces are so connexed and linked together that it is almost impossible for any of them to perform the least operation without the help of the two others but when they conspire and are together carefully reduced in act a most advantagious harmony for the preserving and restoring of health doth result of their mixture Amongst these parts of Physick Chirurgery is the needfullest and is therefore by some esteemed the noblest as being the most ancient and profitable It is defined An Art consisting in a methodical application of the Hand on the Body of Man for the preserving of its present Health or the restoring of it being lost It s Subject is the same Body and its End the Health of it The words Etymologie is composed of the Greek word Cheir that signifieth â— and and Ergia Operation which being joyned together make as it were a Handy or Manual Operation The whole Art is divided into the Theoretical and Practical part the First whereof is described the seconds Guide and Leader because it contains the Theâ—rems Demonstrations and Precepts of it which the Practical part only reduceth in act and nevertheless hath been so much esteemed that the Heroes and Demy-gods of Antiquity did not disdain to learn it for it is as Vincianus saith Quod Natum Phoebus docuit quod Chyron Achillem Quod didicere olim Podalirius atque Machaon What Phoebus taught his Son Chyron Achilles What learned Machaon and Podalirius The operations of it are three Synthesis Diairesis and Exeresis whereof the first joynes what is separated The second separates what is joyned And the third takes away what is superfluous And these Operations are to be soon surely and pleasantly performed with Manual or Medicinal Instruments according to certain Indications drawn from the things 1. Natural 2. Not-natural 3. And against Nature Chirurgery is soon performed when no occasion of doing the sick person good is neglected Surely if using of known Remedies we prevent a relapse and avoid all worse diseases than the former And
Tincture of Aloes extracted with Spirit of Wine and to fortify the part they boyl Aromatick Herbs in Red Wine c. CHAP. IV. Of Ulcers ACcording to our intended scope this Chapter is dedicated to exâ—plicate the Theorems of Ulcers and the manner of Curing them They are defined Solutions of Contiâ—nuity caused by the Mordacity of corrodinâ— humours rather hurting in quality than in quantity Their external Causes are the excesseâ— of cold and heat for as saith the Physians Poet. Sunt diversa quidem mala frigoris atque caloris Sed tamen amborum simili nocet Ulcere virus The pain of heat and cold are different To make an Ulcer yet they both conseâ—â— Whereunto is added the apposition of â—harp medicaments blowes contusions and the touching of impure things Their disterences are expressed in the following Discourse An Ulcer is either 1. Simple Varying either by First Proper differences as 1. Figure 2. Quantity 3. Quality Whence it is termed Round Angular Strait Crooked Long Short Broad Deep c. Or Secondly By differences Common and Aâ—cidentar As 1. It s Durance 2. Aspect 3. Generation 4. Affected part And thus they are New Old Appearing Hid Incult Burnt Fleshy Nervous c. 11. Or Composed either with First A Diseases Cause whence it is called 1. Cachochymical 2. Cathartick 3. Poysonous c. Secondly A Disease it self as 1. Intempery 2. Tumor 3. Incommoderation Hot or Moist Phlegmous or Erisipelous Burnt Callous Thirdly Its Symptoms whence it is called Gnawing Filthy Painful c. A gnawing Depascence Ulcer is discerned by the parts exesion attrition cavity and hollowness The stinking exhaleth a putrid unpleasant and cadaverous smell The Sordid is discerned by the crassity and viscosity of its Excrements and the softness of the flesh overgrowing it whereunto if a hardness of the lips be joyned it is deservedly termed Fistulous A Cancrous Ulcer is horrible to look on its lips being overturned are hard livid and moist That which is called Discrative is caused by the humours Intempery And Cacoethes is so termed for the difficulty of healing it The Catherick receives nourishment of some broken or dirupted Vessel or proceeds from an evil disposition of the whole Body Ulcers having had their beginning during a Disease or before it growing livid pale or dry plainly indicate the proximity of Death their livid or pale colour being not only the sing of Cholerick or Atrabiliary humours causing them but also manifesting an extinction of the natural heat That which renders the Cure of Ulcers difficult is commonly a penury of Blood the Bodies evil constitution as also that of the Air the sordidness of the Ulcer and the rottenness of some Bones In simple Ulcers Desiccation is only required and the breeding of flesh in them whereunto the red desiccative Salve and Unguentum Aureum are convenient But in composed ones we must have an eye to the most urgent then to the Cause and lastly to the Disposition without whose taking away the Ulcer cannot be cured Pain is often an accident of Ulcers whereunto must be provided as is declared in the Chapter of Impostumes having a special regard to the humour causing it If there be any Bone corrupted it must be touched with an actual Caustick of hot Iron and such Remedies used to breed flesh in the Ulcer as are above declared in doing which two sorts of excrements do commonly appear namely a thin matter and a thick sordity both which must be purged by drying and detersive Medicaments Whereof take that mentioned in the former Chapter But sublimate Water or the Brown Salve of Felix-â—urts are more powerful Then the Cicatice must be induced over the Ulcer to which end the powder of Burnt Alum and Caleanthum are wont to produce speedy and wished Effects CHAP. V. Of Fractures and Dislocations A Fracture or Bone breaking is an accident so dreadful that not without cause the Physitians Poet being about to speak of it makes this deprecation Infandum dictu cunctis procul absit amicis Sed fortuna potens omen convertat in hostes That cursed evil light on none but Foes And Fourtune keep our Friends from the like blows A Fracture is defined A solution of continuity in the Bones and its Causes are all such things as may break cut bruise and quash whereby are also to be understood falls from high places and the like Their differences are manifold for some are termed perfect others imperfect some are simples others composed with hemoragy inflammation gangrene c. They receive a common difference from their figures long transverse strait or crooked Whereunto are added that which is called in Greek Raphanidon when the bone is broken short in two pieces Cariedon when it falls in small Fragments loose from one another and Asphitidon when it is ground small as meal or flower A Fractures existence is known by a vehement pain of the affected part the impotency of it the change of its natural Figure and chiefly by the vacuity which appears to the fingers touching it For the Prognostick in moist weather and in youth Fractures are sooner healed than in dry weather and in old age But the precise time of the over-growing Callus cannot be positively assertained that depending of the Body's and ambient Air 's disposition as also of the Bone's thickness Yet Hippocrates saies the Nose is glutinated in three days the Iaws the Clavicles and Ribs in six the Cubit in nine the Brachium in twelve and the Tibia in fifteen Which may be a Rule for the rest When the Bones are broken near the Joynts their motion is thereby rendred stiff and difficult and if there be great Contusions the part loseth its motion and the Patient is in danger of Death The Cure of Fractures and Dislocations being in many respects one and the same we shall speak joyntly of them both in the end of this Chapter A Dislocation therefore is defined The detrasion of a Bone out of its proper place And it is either Simple by it self or Composed with other Diseases Its Signes are the same as those of Fractures the place of indisposition and its Cavity being the chief differenees Dislocations affecting but the Joynts and causing but an imperfect vacuity in the Dislocated Place If the Hâ—â—d be luxated Death immediately follows Recent luxations are easier and sooner cured than Old ones those that are invetcrated are wholly incurable and such as are not far divided are easier reduced in their Seat than far separated ones The common and general Cure of Fractures and Dislocations is performed by 1. Setting the Bones in their natural position 2. Retaining them there 3. Correcting the accidents The first of these is performed by extending the broken or dislocated part from its origin either with the Hands or some fit Instrument then setting it in its due place so that no eminency or roughness be found to alter the figure of it The second point is obtained by the application of restraining and
upper Parts looseness of the Teeth Exulceration of the Mouth and too great a Flux of Blood The Diarhaea is asswaged by the decoction of Guaiac mixt with a little White-Wine and taken for some days in the Morning whereby the humours Acrimony is mitigated and sweetned But in general those evils are remedied by changing of Chamber and Linnen precipitating the Mercury downwards by astringent Gargarisms and Clysters by letting Blood in the Foot and chiefly by purgations wherein some Salt of Tartar must always be added to sweeten and drive down the Humours Some do often swallow a Golden Pill which becomes white but it carries away the Mercury in so little quantity that the other Remedies are not therefore to be omitted The end of Friction is to stimulate a Chrisâ—s which doth not proceed from Nature without it be provoked and helped by some Medicament whose quantity ought to be adapted to the vehementness of the Disease and forces of the Patient least the Medicaments being too strong they cast him into an incurable Consumption or being too weak they do not eradicate the Disease which afterwards is found much more intense and incurable than before The third Cure is by Plaisters and Cerowins and is something slower than the former but more convenient in Relapses and for the mitigation of pain and the resolution of knobs and hardness but because it doth not act so speedily the best of Artists do joyn to it some Frictions Besides the Plaisters of De Vigo the following may be profitably used and applied on the parts mentioned in the Article of Friction Take of Melilot Plaister and Saffron-Vinegar of each half a Pound Quenched Quick-Silver six Ounces Oyl of Laurel and Land Lavendel as much as needs Reduce all to the form of a Plaister The Scope of this Remedy as of the former is the procuring of a Crisis either by insensible transpiration Flux of the Belly or Urines but oftner and better by a flowing of the Mouth which with the Gums and Cheeks is thereby as aforesaid often exulcerated because of the Humours Tenacity and Acrimony and these Ulcers must by no means be repelled but be mitigated by Gargarisms composed of Decocted Barley Cows Milk and the like which may diminish the mouths inflammation and wash off the Humours sticking to it but if this accident as it happens sometimes be too intense that it threatneth an extinction of the natural heat we must for some time defer the proper Cure to cohibit so pernicious a Symptom according to Art As for the Teeths loosness it is cured by astringent Gargarisms but more powerfully if the Gums be touched with Aqua secunda of the Goldsmiths The fourth manner by Suffumigations is not so much approved because of many evil dispositions which it leaveth in the Body They nevertheless thus proceed to it The Patient being seated under a Curtain well and carefully extended they cast in a Chaffing-dish a good quantity of persume composed of Cinabre mixt with Brimstone and Quicksilver whereunto is added Iris of Florence Frankinsence Mirrhe Iuncus odoratus Assaodorata Terebenthine and Theriak and continue this Suffumigation till the Mouth begins to flow and that is its Crisis This Diseases Symptoms are so manifold that I think fitter to remit the Reader to such Authors as treat of it at large than to say but a part of what is needful to be known though most may be referred to the General Cure of Impostumes CHAP. VIII Of some other Indispositions which are Cured by Chirurgery HAving thus far proceeded we are to treat in the present Chapter of some other Indispositions cured by Chirurgery whereof some requiring an experienced Artist others yielding themselves to the meanest Capacities and this little Treatise being written only for the use of discreet Beginners we shall only speak of the following Of Baldness Baldness is a falling off of the Hair from the Head caused either by defect of Nourishment or the corruption of it That which proceeds from Old Age the Hectick Feaver Burnings or Tinea is incurable But that which may be cured is thus proceeded unto The Universal Remedies being fitly instituted the remaining Hair must be shaved resolving Fomentations used and having caused the vitious humours to be digested by the application of Cups and Leeches the Head must be washed in Lye made of Iris and Aloes lastly drawing Fomentations must be ministred for the attraction of laudable Vapours If it be caused by want of nourishment the Head must be rubbed with a course Linnen Cloth till it grows red and if it proceeds from the Venerean Pox the body must be anointed with Quick-Silver to a perfect salivation Of the Eyes The Eyes diseases are manifold but their inflammation is the most common their causes are External as Falls Blows Dust Smoke c. or internal namely a defluxion flowing to the Eye It is known by the heavineâ—s of the Head the Eyes redness pain swelling and pulsation of its Arteries It is cured by the same administration of universal remedies as in Phlegmons and the due application of Topical ones whereof this Collire is of a perspicuous effect Take Rose and Plantain Water of each half an Ounce the mucilage of Gum Tragacant two Ounces and the White of an Egg make a Collire to Distil luke-warm in the Eye applying upon it a double Linnen Cloth dipped in the same Collire The Blood of Doves Pigeons or Hens instilled warm in the Eye mitigates the pain of it and is its proper Balm But if a Relapse is feared Cups applied on the Shoulders and an Issue in the Pole are very fit to divert the Fluxion Tooth-ach There is scarce any pain equal to that of the Tooth-ach It proceeds from the influxion of a hot or cold humour or the Tooth being hollow or rotten from the entrance of ambient Air and the refrigeration of cold Meat or Drink The Internal causes are taken away by a due administration of Universal Remedies and if the pain proceeds from a hot cause which is known by its sharpness and a great pulsation of the Tooth and Temples it is mitigated by remedies contrary to it as to wash the Mouth with Granate juice Plantain Water and a little Vinegar all being boiled with Roses Wild Granate Flowers and Sumach If the Cause be the fluxion of a cold humour which is disâ—â—rned by a heaviness of the Head and frequent spitting the Teeth are profitably washed with Garland-Libanotis Sage Pierethre decocted in Wine and Vinegar whereunto is added a little Srong-Water and dissolved Treacle But if it proceeds from a rottenness of the Tooth there is no better remedy than the drawing of it and if it be but a Root procure the corruption of it by a Cotten dipt in Aqua-fortis having first tried the Odontalgick Essence of Flubault Of Phlebotomy or Blood letting Phlebotomy being an Operation necessary to be known of a beginner in Chirurgery I have thought fit to say here something of it They define it An Incision of the Vein evacuating the Blood and the other Humours contained with it Before it be administred if there be any Excrements remaining of the former Coction they must be evacuated by a Clystâ—r or Suppository and thus when necessity requireth or for precaution in persons neither too old not too young Phlebotomy is celebrated in the following manner The Patient being conveniently scituated the Chirurgeon rubs the part which is to be opened with his hand or a warm Linnen cloth to cause the Bloods attraction then the said part is bound with a Fillet a little above the place of Incision which is designed by a touch of the Nail and the Operation is performed with a fit Lancet limiting its evacuation to the strength of the Patient and the curative intention Lastly the incised place must be carefully bound least an Hemoragy might happen Of Cup-setting When the matter is conjoyned and impacted Cupps are commonly applied I have commonly thus seen some proceed to operation having something rubbed the destinated place they set on it some kindled ends of Wax Candle fastened on a Counter or such other thing and over it apply the Cup which then draws very powerfully the Humours up then taking them off Incisions are made in their circle with a Lancet or Instrument called Scarrificatory and they are again applied in the same manner as before laying afterward Plaisters of Diapalma or Album Rasis over the Incisions till they be agglutinated Of Leeches Where Blood-letting or Cup-setting cannot be performed Leeches are commonly applied either by making a little Incision in the skin or anointing it with a drop of some other Blood or Sugard milk for then they will stick fast and when you will make them easily fall off touch but their head with a little Aloes or Salt and if you will know what quantity of Blood they have drawn lay them in the things aforesaid and they will revomit it besides if you will have them to draw more than their capacity is cut their posteriour part when they are well fast and the Blood will run through their Bodies which also is stanched if it flowes when they are taken away by the half of a Bean or some burnt Linnen applied on the little wound Thus I finish and if the Reader takes this short Treatise in good part I have my Desire and END
Vapours for in these cases it falls together and oppresseth the Nerves of the several Senâ—es that their Objects cannot be transmitted And Dreams which happen during Sleep have their origin partly â—rom the inequality of the Spirits issuing â—rom the Souls Domicil and partly from the occurring impressions of Memory Spirits are defined A thin invisible aethere all and most quick substance arising from the subtilest parts of the Blood tâ— be the Vehicle of all necessary actions The Antients did divide it in 1. Implanted 2. Adventitious Whereof the first is denyed by some who conceive it impossible that theâ— same cause acting in the same manner should last so long and produce so many and often contrary Functions They were formerly divided as thâ— Faculties were in 1. Natural 2. Vital 3. Animal But Sylvius de le Boe admits none buâ— the Animal and other Moderns the Vâ—â— tal under which they comprehend thâ— Natural and the Animal taking thâ— subtilest parts of the Blood arising froâ—â— the left Ventricle of the Heart for thâ— first which are turned in the Brains intâ— the Animal serving First To sundry motions of the Souâ— and Body Secondly To the exercising of the internal and external Senses 3. To the alteration of Humours Native Heat is a proper and special quality to all animated creatures whereby they live and exercise their functions uses and necessary operations Thus I think to have briefly explained not only the Natural things but also their Annexes except the manner of living which if it be watry and moist â—s obnoxious to diseases of that temper but if it be hot and dry the contrary must be expected In sum it appears by the Premises that the Body of Man is a Microcosme composed of several parts wonderfully effigâ—râ—ted and adorned with sundry Functions created to be for a certain time the Domicil or dwelling place of the Rational Soul so that not without cause the German Poet exclaimes O Edles wundertheir zur weisheit auserkohren Uoll geist voll luft voll got vom himmel selbst gebohren Du Herr du Eben bild und auszug allerwelt Der unter ies den lauff der hohen sterner stelt Du weise Creatuur c. O thou noble Animal wonder to wisdom chosen Full of Spirit and God from Heaven it self rosen Thou Lord Type and extract of the whole Univers Disposing under thee the course of the high stars Thou creature full of Wit c. Those things are called not natural which do not enter in the Bodies composition but by a right use whereof it may long be maintained healthful and sound They are 1. Air. 2. Eating and Drinking 3. Motion and Quiet 4. Sleeping and Watching 5. Repletion and Evacuation 6. The Passions of the mind In the administration of all which we ought to consider 1. The Quality 2. Quantity 3. Manner of Using A free open serene and thin Air is to be esteemed the best as also the East and North Winds but the South and Western are held unwholsom The simpler our diet is the healthfulâ—er it is to be esteemed for as Horaâ—e saith the variety of meat is very noxious viz. nam variae res Ut noceant homini credas memor illius escae Que simplex olim tibi sederit at simul assis Miscueris elixa simul conchilia turdis Dulcia se in bilem vertent stomachoque tumultum Lenta feret pituita vides ut pallidus omnis Coenâ desurgit dubiâ That thou mayst know how various things offend Think but what single meat did once defend Thee from approaching hunger but at last Roasted with boyld and Birds with Shels thou hast Together mixt In Choler what is sweet Will turn it self and thy Stomack surfeit With slimy Phlegm Consider then how pale Each riseth from his Seat and doubtful Meal Meats affording a good juice and substance are doubtless the wholsomest and nevertheless in expending them the sicknesses nature the strength age and labour of the Patient are to be perspicuously considered whereunto an inveterate custom is to be added for Country Men and Labourers convert meats of an easy digestion into Choler but extract a laudable substance of a courserâ— diet and thus Consuetudo valet longos mansura per annos Illaque Naturam vires si sumpserit aequat A constant use a second nature proves And if increast with equal force it moves Neither did the Antients neglect Order in Eating for they esteemed that what was easily decocted should enter first into the Stomach and that Lubrick meat ought to precede those that are Astringent But it is now believed that those nicetiâ—s may be omitted since the Aliments are all converted in one mass whence the Chylus is afterward separated Whereunto I shall only add these two Verses of Drinking Aut nulla ebrietas aut tanta sit ut tibi curas Eripiat si quae est inter utrumque nocet Be never Drunk or so much let it be As to asswage thy Cares else 't will hurt thee Motion comprehends all kind of exercises the same ought to be moderate and we ought to leave it when Sweat begins to break out through the Pores for immoderate Labour weakens the Body and is very pernicious as Ovid saith of himself Me quoque debilitat semis immensa Laborum Ante meum tempus cogit esse senem Otia corpus alunt animus quoque pascitur illis Immodicus contra carpit utrumque labor Continual Toyl weakens my weary Limbs And makes me Old before my time be come Body and Mind by Rest are fed it seems But too much Work precipitates their doom Sleep as we said before Is a cessation from motion and sence whose Office is the restoring of the Bodies former strength It s proper time is Night an hour or two after Supper The first lying not being first on the Right Side as many believe but on the Left where the bottom of the Stomach is and the meat ought to lye and about morning when concoction is ended on the Right neither should it exceed the space of Fight hours wherewith if some are not satisfied certainly the sooner Longa quiescendi tempora fata dabunt The Fates will give sufficient time to sleep Dreams do in some manner indicate what exâ—retion will be in the Crisis for if red and fiery they presage a Cholerick one if moist and watry a Phlegmatick Moderate watching quickens the senses and diffuseth heat and blood through the whole Body But if it be immoderate it weakens the same dries up the Spirits and spoiles the brains Temperature Repletion is either of quality or of quantity The first is seen in the Hectick Feaver or Marasmus The second hath a relation to the containing parts and is measured by their distention or to the Bodies strength when the same is fuller of humours than it can well bear The repletion of a single humour is called Cacochimy that of more Pletora Evacuation in the strictest sence Is an effusion of such humours as are superfluous
un Cordier cordant vent accorder sa Corde Pour sa corde accorder trois cordens il accorde Mais si un des cordons de la Corde discorde Le Cordon discordant fait discorder la Corde When a Ropemaker makes a Rope Of smaller Ropes he twisteth three But he cannot attain his Hope If One of them do disagree We shall then divide this small Treatise into six other Chapters The First whereof shall give the general Documents of Impostumes The Second of Wounds The Third of Ulcers The Fourth of Fractures and Disâ—ocations The Fifth of the Generation and Production of Man The Sixth of the Venereal Disease The Seventh of some other Indispositions that are Cured by Chirâ—rgery An Impostume then is defined A Disease composed of three others 1. Intempery 2. Evil Conformation 3. Solution of Continuity The general Causes of it are 1. Fluxion 2. Congestion The subordinate ones of the first whereof are commonly 1. A lower scituation of the part afâ—ected 2. The Soreness of it 3. It s Heat caused by a two violent motion 4. The outward Proximity of some hot Body 5. Or the application of sharp medicaments The Causes of Congestion are two namely a defect of Assimulation in the Diseased part 2. The infirmity of the Expulsive Function The difference of Impostumes are manifold but they are chiefly taken of their quality whereby they are termed great of a mean greatness or little Or of the part affected as Opthalmys in the Eye Varices in the Legs Or of their Accidents as their Soreness whence they are called painful smarting insensible c. Or of their Colour by reason of which some are called red white livid yellow c. But the chiefest and most necessary difference is that which is taken from the matter whereof they are composed which the following Discourse will more clearly manifest The Matter of Impostumes is either I. Natural Which is 1. Hot as Blood whence is made a true Phlegm Or Choler whence a true Erisipelas is produced 2. Cold as first Phlegm whence riseth a true OEdema Secondly Melancholy whence is made a Schirrus II. Or Against Nature which is either First Blood whence are made 1. Carbuncles 2. Antraces 3. Gangrenae 4. Istiomene 5. Sphacelus Secondly Choler whence are produced 1. Herpes of the thickest 2. Herpes miliares of the thinnest Thirdly Phlegm whence arise 1. Waterish 2. Windy Impostumes 3. Scrophulae 4. Knobs c. Fourthly Melancholy whence are engendred 1. A spurious Schirrus 2. All kinds of Cankers The signs of a Sanguine Impostume are pain in the diseased part the heat of it its redness and tention Coldness softness and a lesser pain indicates a Phlegmatick one A yellowish and pale Colour and a smarting pain sheweth it to be Cholerick And Tension Hardness and Lividity with some pain by fits do manifest that it is caused of Melancholly or thick Blood The Antients believed also that they had the Paroxisms and moving time of such Humours as they are made of Thus the indisposition of an OEdema was more intense from midnight till Sun-rising a Phlegmon more painful from Sun-rising till Noon thence to Sun-setting an Erisipelas and a Scirrhus or Canker from that time till Midnight Concerning the Prognosticks of Impostumes those that are caused of cold humours or thick Blood are of a longer Curation and such whose matter is against nature are healed with greater difficulty than those caused of a natural one whereunto you may add such as turn themselves in Schirres and Knobs There is to be considered in all Impostumes four times viz. 1. Their Beginning 2. Augmentation 3. State 4. Decrease The first whereof is when the part beginneth to swell and pain The second when the swelling pain and other accidents do increase The third when they receive no augmentation The fourth when they do decrease They are commonly termined in four manners namely 1. By Resolution 2. Suppuration 3. Induration of the part 4. Or by its Corruption and Gangrene which is worst of all The Signs of resolution are an itching of the diseased part with the slacking of Pulsation Tension Heat and other accidents Those of Suppuration are the greatness and vehemency of the Feavour pain pulsation and heat A diminution of swelling and pain and a hardness left in the affected part do indicate its Induration And when the accidents of heat pain pulsation and tension are greater than they use to be in Suppuration when the pain ceaseth suddenly without any manifest cause if the part grows livid and blackish and lastly if it stinkes Gangreen is more than fully signified The first Indication in the Cure of all Impostumes is the prohibiting of Fluxion by repelling and intercepting Remedies The second is an evacuation of the matter causing it whether it be by resolution repulsion or suppuration If it be caused by Congestion then the part is to be corroborated and the accidents corrected taking alwayes the Indication from the most urgent We ought in this Cure to observe three things namely Whether the matter causing the Impostume be ready to Flow Floweth or is yet Impacted in the diseased part In the beginning of all Impostumes we ought alwayes to use repelling Remedies unless it be 1. When the matter is venenous thick sâ—ow viscous or deep hidden 2. When the Abcess is Critical 3. The fluxion near the Noble parts 4. And falleth on too weak a Member 5. And lastly when the Body it self is wholly Plethorical A Chirurgeon being but the Helper of Nature ought chiefly in the increase state and declination of Impostumes to attend what she aimeth at whether it be to resolution or suppuration without forceing her to a contrary motion when that which she intends is not wholly perninitious Whereunto to attain I have here added the Description of some Cataplasms wherewith one may perform all necessary Intention in the general Cure of Impostumes The matter causing them is discussed and repelled by the following Cataplasm Recipe Barley meal the Iuice of House Leek and Plantain of each two Ounces powder made of Pomegranate rind and of wild Granate Flowers with a like quantity of Roses two Drachms Oyl of Mirtle and Roses of each an Oâ—nce make a Cataplasme They are Resolved by this Recipe Mallows Marshmallows of each three handfulls let them boyl adding thereunto Barley meal two Ounces ordinary Honey one Ounce Oyl of Camomile and Melilot of each an Ounce and half make a Cataplasme The following brings them to Suppuration Recipe The Roots of White Lillies and Marshmallows the Leaves of Mallows Pellitory and Grounsel of each one handful let them be boyled in Metheglin stamped and sithed add to them Powder of Linseed two ounces Swines fat and Oyl of Lilies of each an Ounce and a half Make a Cataplasme And this last mittigates the pain of them when it is too intense Recipe Crums of White bread dipped in luke-warm Milk a pound and half Yolkes of Eggs three Oyl of Roses two Ounces and one Scruple of
Saffron make a Cataplasme Note that though this be the general Cure of Impostumes they have nevertheless a more proper and particular one according to their several differences but this is as 't were a Rule whereby to proceed in it CHAP. III. Of Wounds THE General Practice of Impostumes being sufficiently treated of in the former Chapter this shall be adapted to expound such Notions as belong to the Cure of Wounds whereof this is the Definition A Wound is a Solution of Continuity caused by an external Instrument in any part of the Body but the Bones Their Causes are all such things as may violate the outward circumference of the Body and unnaturally enter in it and they are either animated as the biting and stinging of Beasts or inanimated as Swords Darts Bullets c. The difference of Wounds is manifold and as Samoicus saith Tam varia humanae sunt vulnera conditionis Ut nequeant proprias cunctis adscribere curas The Wounds of Men are seen so manifold The proper Cure of each cannot be told Nevertheless I have endeavoured to include the most General in the following Paragraphs The Differences of Wounds are drawn either I. From the nature of the wounded part which is First Similary and that 1. Soft as the Glandules and Flesh. 2. Hard as the Gristles 3. Mean as the Membranes and Ligaments Secondly Dissâ—milary which is either 1. Principal as 1. The Brains 2. The Heart 3. The Liver 2. Ministring to the principal as 1. Aspera Arteria 2. The Lungs 3. Neither of the foresaid as 1. The Eyes 2. The Hands 3. The Feet II. From their own Essence whereby they are termed First Simple when there is no Complication of other Diseases or Accidents Secondly Composed when there is some other Disease or Accident indicating a peculiar Curation III. From their Quantity by which they are termed First Great that is 1. Long 2. Broad 3. Deep Secondly Mean in all Dimensions Thirdly Little that is 1. Short 2. Narrow 3. Superficious IV. From their Figure whence we call them 1. Strait 2. Round 3. Crooked c. When a Wound doth pierce the Skul â—s known by these following Signs The wounded party doth presently â—all lying without sense as if he were a sleep the Exâ—rements are not retainâ—ed and surely if the blood floweth by the Ears Nostrils or the Mouth and if â—he Vomits Choler c. Whether the Wound penetrates into the Thorax is known if the Air comâ—eth forth at the Wound with a difficulty of Respiration if there be a gravative â—ain on the Diaphragme which is caused by much Blood lying on that part that must afterward be rejected by coughing A little after cometh a Feaver and stinking breath the Patient can lye but on the Back and hath a perpetual desire of Vomiting it often degenerates in a Fistula When the Lungs are hurt there issueth a Spumous Blood at the Wound with Coâ—ghing there is a great difficulty of Respiration and pain of the 〈◊〉 We know the Heart to be Wounded by the great quantity of Blood that cometh out at the Wound by a trembling of the whole Body a little Pulse a Paleness of the Face and a cold Sweat and â—requent Swounings a coldness of the Extremities and a hasty Death When the Diaphragme is hurt there is a gravatiâ— pain in that part with Phrensie difficulty of Breath Cough with a sharp pain and a contraction of the flanks upwards These signs appearing one may pronounce Death to be near The Vena Cava or great Artery being hurt Death speedily followeth because of the great loss of Blood and Spirits whence the Function of the Heart and Lungs do cease When the Medulla Spinalis is wounded a Paralysis or Convâ—lsion presently hapneth the motion of the lower part is abolished the Excrements of the Belly and Bladder either flow unwittingly or are wholly suppressed The Liver being wounded there cometh a great deal of Blood out at the Wound and a Pungitive pain is felt as far as the Cartilage Xiphoides which Death often followeth When the Stomach is wounded the meat and drink cometh out at the Wound then come Sweats and Cold of the extremities fore-runners of Death If the Spleen be wounded there floweth a blackish blood at the Wound Thirst troubleth the Patient with a pain of the left side and the blood flowing into the Belly causeth many accidents and often Death The Gutts being wounded a great pain torments the Bowels the Excrements issue out at the Wound and sometimes the Gutts out of the Abdomen which afterwards pain and swell When the Kidneys are hurt there is a great pain in making Water the Blood coming out therewith and the pain stretching it self to the Yard and Testicles The Bladder and Ureters being wounded the pain reacheth to the Flanks the parts of the Nombril are extended the Urine cometh out bloody and sometimes out at the wound When the Womb is hurt the Blood cometh out at the Privities the same accidents appearing as when the Bladder is wounded The Nerves being prickt or half cut a sharp pain is felt in the wounded part with a sudden inflammation fluxion tumor feaver and convulsion often with gangrene and death unless it be remedied in time Those Wounds are esteemed dangerous which do affect some principal Sinew Vein or Artery Whereunto are added those that are inâ—licted in the Privities of Man or Woman or in their parts dedicated to natural excretion as also those that hurt either end of any muscle but such as are in the fleshy parts according to the length of the fibres are esteemed the least considerable If a Bone Sinew Tendrel or a portion of the Face or Prepuce be cut off it cannot be repaired All Wounds in the Bladder Brain Heart Liver Lungs Stomach and smalâ— Guts are deemed mortal The general indication in the Cure of Wounds is the adjunction of what is separated wherein the Chirurgeon ought to be furnished with five Intentions The first whereof is to extract all strange Bodies as Bullets Darts Arrows Splinters c. if any do hinder the Wounds agglutination The second to bring the divided extremities together The third to keep them so The fourth to preserve the wounded parts temperature The fifth to correct such accidents as may fall out The first of these intentions is performed either with the Fingers or some material Instrument at the first dressing unless the extraction of the foresaid things might occasion an Hemoragy or some other dreadful accident for then the safest is to leave their expulsion to Nature but since it may sometimes not little be advanced by Medicaments take this following description Recipe The Root of Iris of Florence of Panacis and Capers of each three Drachms round Aristaloch Manna and Frankincense of each one Drachm beat them to a powder and incorporate them with Honey of Roses and Turpentine of Venice of each two Ounces Make a Salve thereof The second and third intention in the Cure
of wounds are performed in bringing and maintaining together their Extremities by Bandages and Sutures of the first whereof there is three sorts namely 1. The Incarnative which is adapted to simple Wounds and is composed of two heads beginning from the part opposite to the Wound and proceeding towards it 2. Expulsive which consisteth but of one head beginning from the bottom of the Wound upwards to its Orifice 3. The Retentive which is destinated to fasten Topical Remedies and is made according to the figure of the part which is to be bound There are several sorts of Sutures but of the Agglutinatives the most approved is made with a needle held in the Right Hand of the Chirurgeon wherewith he traverseth the two sides of the VVound opposing a pierced Canâ—lle held in the Left Hand to the point of the Needle which passeth through it with its Thread whereon is made a double knot cutting the thread a little above it and thence it is proceeded to the other stitches remembring always to make the first stitch in the midst of the wounds length There is also another Suture called Dry fit for wounds in the Face and is made by clinging some pieces of Linnen upon it which are being dry brought together with threads pierced through them The third necessary Sature is like to that which Skinners make in sowing their Skins together and is appointed for the Bowels and Gutts when they receive any hurt The others I think needless to describe these being doubtless the best whereunto the ingenious Artist may add what he thinks fit The temperature of the affected part is preserved by a good Diet and a convenient use of the Universal Remedies The first of these ought to be cold and moist till the time obnoxious to accidents be passed Spiced and salt meats are hurtful the Patient must drink Barley water in stead of Wine and wholly abstain from any violent motion of the mind The most usual universal Remedies are Phlebotomy and Purgation which havâ— virtue to refresh divert and expel the humours that might prove burthensom to the diseased part Amongst accidents the most urgent is a too great flux of Blood which must be carefully prevented since it is the Treasure of Life and Strength It is performed by astringent refreshing and agglutinative Remedies As Recipe Sealed Earth and Bole Armenian of each half an Ounce Frankincense Mastick Myrrhe and Aloes of each twâ— Drachms Flying Flower one Ounce Make a powder to be applyed with the Yolk of an Egg well beaten If then Blood cannot be restrained in this manner the Vein or Artery must be prest with the Thumb till a Thrumbus be made but if that sufficeth not the flowing Vessel ought to be bound and this yet not prevailing we are to use Escarotides as are Burnt powder of Vitriol and of Mercury with a portion of pure burnt Alum leaving the Scars full to mature The last Remedy is the cutting off the flowing Vessel that its Extremities withdrawing in the Flesh the same may stop its flowing But all these Remedies will doubtless come out of use as soon as the Stiptick Elixir to be bought at Doctor Williams's his Majesties Physitian will be known Pain being commonly the cause of much weakness and fluxion to the wounded part the sedation of it ought to be carefully procured by expelling and lenitive Remedies such as is the following Recipe Diacalcitheos Plaister four Ounces Oyl of Roses and Vinegar of each half an Ounce Let all be melted together and applyed For Lenitive Dip the Bands and Compresses in Oxicraton Water and Vinegar is so called or use the following Irrigation Recipe Oyl of Roses and Myrrhe as much as needs and with a white of an Egg make an irrigation But if the pain continueth and is too intense we must with some precaution use Narcoticks whereof here is a Description Recipe The leaves of Henbane and Poppy roasted under the Ashes of each three Ounces Hogs grease and Oyl of Roses of each one Ounce Saffron two Scruples Make a Cataplasm There is often joyned to pain another Symptom called Convulsion which is defined a forced contraction of the Muscles towards their Origin It is of two sorts General and Particular The first whereof is divided in three Species namely Tetonos when the whole Body stands stiff without being able to incline it self The second is called Opisthotonos when it is forced backward And the third Emprosthotonos when it is contracted forward A particular Convulsion is when the Eye the Tongue or any other part instructed with Muscles is contracted or deprived of its natural motion The Causes are Repiction Emptiness and Pain Paul Amanus â—â—suting the Elastick virtue of Will is and its defects That which is caused by Repletion is cured by Evacuating Remedies anointing the Back Neck and contracted part with this following Liniment Recipe Oyl of Camomile and Laurel of each two Ounces Oyl of Foxes one Ounce the Salves of Althea and Martii of each an Ounce Foxes Grease an Ounce Strong Water an Ounce and a half Wax as much as needs Make thereof an Oyntment That which proceeds of Emptiness or Evacuation is helped by the use of restorative meats such as is the following Broth. Recipe Lettice Bourage Purcelane of each a handful of the four Greater cold Seed of each half an Ounce Barberries a drachm Boyl all with a good Chickin and let the sick party take of it every morning That which cometh of Pain is Cured by Remedies contrary to the cause of it and if it be poysonous the wound must be instantly amplified that the matter impacted may flow And this Alexipharmacon poured into the Wound viz. Treacle and Mithridate dissolved in Strong water in a sufficient quantity with a little Mercurial Powder Scarified Cuppings are also very useful to extract venemous matter taking care likewise that the Patient in that Symptom have not his Mouth fast contracted lest he bites off his own Tongue as it often falls out but may conveniently be prevented by an Instrument called Speculum Oris which ought therefore alwayes to be at hand Next to Convulsion a Palsy ought to be prevented and cured It is defined A Mollification of the Sinews with the privation of Motion and Sense not indeed of the whole Body but commonly of one side Its Causes are either inward as the humours of either Ventricle and especially Phlegm obstructing the progress of the Animal Spirits through the Sinews or outward as Falls Blows and such other Accidents It is Cured by Diet and Purgation whereunto the Decoction of Indian wood will be very profitable with this Topical Remedy of Faventinus Recipe Oyl of Laurel and Turpentine of each three Ounces Oyl of Lavender and Petroleum of each an Ounce Malvesie four Ounces Strong-Water two Ounces Pyreth Pepper Mustard-seed Iuniper seed Ivy and Anacardium pure Laudanum of each an Ounce and half Let all be pounded and mixed with Wine and Olives let them boyl in a double Vessel
defensive Plaisters whereof the most common is made of Bolarmeni dilayed in wine and â—he White of an Egg applying thereupon Bands Compresses and Atelles dipâ—ed in Oxycrat or Oxyradinon fitted to â—he figure of the diseased part And the â—atient being in a convenient scituation â—he accidents must be corrected as is deâ—lared in the former Chapters accordâ—ng to the Artists best invention and â—olerty If the accidents do not oblige us to it 't wil be enough to loosen the Bands at the end of three or four days that fuliginous Vapours may be exhaled and the part a little anointed with refreshing Ointments taking care to give it sometimes a gentle motion least the Joint be rendred stiff and immovable by the growing of a Callus thereon and thus being sometimes lookt to the Cure is brought to its perfection CHAP. VI. Of the Generation and Production of Man HAving thus far proceeded on our intended scope this Chapter shall briefly express what is requisite to be known in the Generation of Man and the way of helping Nature in the Production of the same as her chiefest work and master-piece In the Generation of Man is exactly to be considered 1. The matter out of which he is engendred and the Instruments of Generation 2. The Place thereof 3. In what Time it is perfected 4. And by what Signs its Conâ—â—â—tion difference of Sex and approaching time of being brought forth is knowâ— 1. The Matter of his Generation is the Seed of both Sexes whereunto the Menstrua were added by the Antients proceeding from the purest Blood diluted with a great deal of Serum Barbat pag. 49. which is transmitted by the Instruments of Generation the preparing Artery to the Testicles that are nothing but a Conglomeration of Spermatick Vessels wherein the Serum is separated from the Blood that is wrought and elaborated in the Epidydemos or production of the Spermatick Vein incumbent on the Testicles whence it is carried through the Parastates into the defering Vestel and thence into the Spermatick Vesseles and according to some the â—rostata's ending with them in the Conduit of the Urethra where there is extant a Valvul least the Seed should involuntarily flow through the Yard The Nerves probably serving to render it fertile and vegetative by the effâ—sion of Animal Spirits There are almost the same Spermatick parts in Women except their situation and the Womb the Receptacle of the Seed and Domicil of the Foster Yet De Graass proveth that their Testicles are as an Ovarium containing perfect Eggs. Thus new Wonders are daily found in the Microcosm 2. The Place wherein he is engendred is the Womb the Foster being found therein commonly gathered in a round and wrapped in two distinct Membranes the Amnios and Chorion the Allantoides being only found in Brutes wherein the three or four first months it is nourished not of the Maternal Blood as the Antients conceived but probably of the Chyle transported by the Lacteal Vein and the Arteries to the Placenta where it is further elaborated and thence partly carried through the Umbilical Vessels to the Port Vein of the Foster whence it floweth into the Cava and finally to the Heart The other part being transmitted by the Arteries of the Membranes into the Capacity of the Amnios constituting there the pure Colliquamentum mentioned by Harvey which the Foster sucks after the fourth month for its sustentation 3. By the Time which we have said ought to be considered in the generation of Man it is to be understood First That of his Conception when the Seed of both Sexes is mingled in the Womb. Secondly That of his Formation which is thought to begin the 7 th day and to be perfected if it be a Male the 30 th if a Female the 40 th or 42. But it is more probable they are figurated about the same time which cannot be so exactly determined Thirdly No more than that of their First Motion which was conceived if a Male to be in the third Month and if a Female in the fourth Fourthly Neither can that of Child-birth be absolutely stated the usual time being the latter end of the ninth Month or the beginning of the tenth though admit a Latitude from the seventh Month inclusively to the eleventh and above 4. The chiefest Signes of Conception are First A little Quivering presently after Copulation Secondly The Retention of the Seed Thirdly The Suppression of the Monthly Courses Fourthly A Livescency of the Face Fifthly A Pain and Swelling of the Breasts Sixthly A Distaste of Meat Which Signs or most of them appearing one may judge of Conception till a more certain one be discerned namely the Motion of the Foster 5. Whether it be a Boy or a Girle is yet more uncertain though some would conjecture by the following Signs If it be a Boy the Mother hath usually a better Colour of the Face and disposition of the Body the heat and good temperature of the Child adding something to that of the Mother for which Cause also they sometimes power a drop of the Milk upon a Looking-glass or such other even thing and if it be of such thickness as not to flow easily they deem it to be a Manchild otherwise not the time of Motion as is said before indicating nothing in this 6. The Signs of 〈…〉 The flowing of the Excrementitious Humours contained in the Chorion the Flanks and Rump are thrust outwards the Secret parts do swell and pain the Face grows Red a kind of feverish quivering seizeth the whole Body These Signs appearing if the Chirurgeon be called he ought then to prepare all things ready and exactly observe what is to be performed 1. Before the Birth 2. In Bringing forth 3. And after the Birth 1. Before the Birth a special care must be had that the Air of the Room must be duly tempered with a moderate heat and then the Woman must be setled in a convenient and middle positure so that she neither lie flat on her Back nor be yet sitting but have her Shoulder and Back something raised that she may have a free respiration and more powerful endeavour to bring forth her Leggs being as much separated as may easily be and so bowed that her Heels may reflect to her Buttocks which should also be something raised she holding her self to a Staff fitly disposed cross the Bed for that purpose and when she feeleth the most pain she must be admonished to strive as much as she is able stopping sometime her Breath to express her Foster whom the Midwife ought in the mean time to thrust gently from above downwards having though a care not to put her in that labour before the time be come least her Forces might leave her when they should be most needful 2. In the Birth it is to be considered If it be according to Nature which is when the Foster issueth forth instantly after the Waters either the Head foremost or the Feet all other manners rendring the Birth