by their inbred virtue Their Action implanted in them to that end wherefore they receive the seminal matter and when it is sufficiently prepared that is to say when it is impregnated with the Generative Spirit they transmit the same into the Jaculatory Vessels and the Jaculatory Vessels carry it into the Seminary Bladders e f. 2. D D. â–¡ c f. 1. V V. f. 3. E. f. 4. D D. â–¡ d f. 1. c c. f. 3. and 4. c c c. Chap. 35. Of the Vessels which carry the true Seed of the Seed-Bladders and the Prostatae or Auriliaries IT remaines now that we Speak of the Vessels which carry the Seed to the Bladder and of the a T. 6. f. 5. F F. f. 6. G G. â–¡ Prostatae or Assistants That same b T. 6. f. 1. V V. f. 3. E. f. 4. D. â–¡ carrying Vessel which is Ejeculatory Vessels called Ejaculatorium and takes its original from the Epididymis is in its Rise very ful of c f. 3. and 4. c c. f. 5. C. â–¡ windings and wrinckled Those Wrinkles being smoothed out do make the Vessel twice as long as before Why Wrinkled Those Wrinkles are made to retain the most subtile Spirit of Generation which How the Seed is voided breakes forth violently in the act of Generation with a thin subtile and spirituous matter which is mixed with that same other Excrementitious Seminal matter which is conteined in the little d T. 6. f. 5. and 6. E E. â–¡ Seed-Bladders so that they flow both together into the e f. 5. K K. â–¡ Vrethra or Piss-Pipe And as in the Act of Generation that same most thin and pure Spirit leaps forcibly with the matter out of the Testicls so by help of the f f. 1. a a. b b. f. 5. H H. I I. â–¡ Muscles of the Yard the Seminal matter which is conteined in the littlie Bladders is also cast forth For I make account that their is a three-fold Seminal matter one most pure Matter of the Seed threefold which is made and kept in the Stone the other is Superfluous and Excrementitious yet of use for the forming of the Conception which is thrust away by the Stones and slides leasurly into the little Seed-Bladders for it is not probable that the most pure Seminal matter and the Spirit which is the Auther of Generation should be conteined amids the Nastyness of the Dung and Urine The third Seminal matter is an Oyly Substance which leasurely dropping out does moisten the a T. 6. f. 5. K K. â–¡ Vrethra or Piss-Pipe in Men and the b T. 7. f. 2. y. â–¡ Sheath of the Womb in Women also it comes away by it self when the Yard is distended through lust and in strong imaginations of the matters tending to Generation and somtimes at the sight of a beautyful Woman It is a Question whether this Oyly substance do flow out of the little Seed-Bladders or from the c T. 6. f. 6. f. 5. F F. f. 6. G. G. â–¡ Glandules of the Prostatae which contein in them a Seminal matter which is sent forth through smal pores beneath the Knob of the Vrethra The Matter which is conteined in the little Bladders is forcibly cast out by way of Ejaculation or Squirting through the holes which are near the foresaid knobby wart of the Vrethra Before the little Bladders be removed you shal observe how they are covered Whence the Texture of Veins among the Seed-Bladders round about and hidden under a Multitude of little Veins scattered round about them Whether they be Veins or Arteries what they serve for is not yet certainly known Whether to supply matter to those Parts viz. The Seed-bladders that it may be thence transmitted to the Protastae to be further Elaborated Touching this wonderful Intertexture of Vessels we can as yet determine nothing In the Prostatae and in the Seed-Bladders is the seat of the venemous Genorrhea The seat of a Virulent Gonorrhea which if it be unseasonably stopped the venom is communicated to the whol body or flowes back into the stones and causes a Tumor in them or if it extend so far as the Perineum unless it be naturly repelled it causes an Impostum and eates into the Vrethra or Piss-Pipe You shal do wel to consider whether it be safe in a virulent Gonorrhea to open a Vein in the Arm if the arder in these places be light and without a Feaver In my what Vein to be opened in the Cure thereof opinion it is better to take blood from the Foot because the Saphena takes its rise near the Groin and bestowes two branches upon those Parts and therefore large bleeding in the Foot when the Buboes break out does powerfully revel Few or none except Julianus Palmarius a Physitian of Paris and Fallopius an Italian are for Blood-letting in the Arm in such Cases for it is held unsafe for fear of the Whores-Pocks by reflux of the venemous Humor into the Bowels and habit of the Body The Medicinal Consideration The Diseases of those Seed-Vessels Seed-Bladders and of the Auniliary Glandules Diseases of these Parts are Distempers or Prostatae are an hot or cold Distemper which cause a corruption of the Seminal matter either from an internal or an external Cause Also the Laxity of those Parts causes an involentary shedding of the Seed which Laxite whence Gonorrhea is called a Simple or single Gonerrhea or when it is with pain and inflamation being caused by infection of a Pocky Whore it is called Gonrrhaea Virulenta the venemous Gonerrheae The flux of Seed which happens to some in their sleep is called Oxynorrigmos it comes from the aboundance of hot and Spirituous Seed The Oyly subctance is exceeding needful for in Men through want of the said Humor The Oyly Substance how needful either the sharpness of Urine hurts the Vrethra or Piss-Pipe or it cannot freely pass neither can the Seed be forcibly cast out as Galen hints and I have known in many who were cured with a liberal moistening Diet a Bath to sit in and Oyl of sweet Almonds Squirted into the Vrethra with a Syringe With the same Humor the Womans sheath is moistened in such as are lustful and it drops away by it self without the Ejaculation of Seed The Action of the Yard is not to transmit the Urine but to Ejaculte or Squirt Action hurt whence Barrenness the Seed into the Womb of the Woman If it cannot perform that Office it causes Barrenness which depends either upon the Yard by reason of the Ligaments which cannot be blown up so as to raise the Yard or because of the weakness or Palsie of the Muscles of the Yard or upon the Stones being colder then they ought to be or being too Flaggy or less or greater then is usual or upon the ill shapeing of the Spermatick Vessels as in case the Arteries be wanting or upon the
pass now to the Diseases and Symptomes of the Guts They suffer Diseases General Diseases of the Guts boch Similar Organical and Common For they are distempered by heat and cold either with or without Humor They are inflamed wounded Ulcerated dryed bound loosened made smooth the wrinckles being taken away as in fluxes and bloody fluxes Somtimes they are so stopped that the Excrements are Vomited up Besides these the common Diseases the Guts severally considered have their peculiar Peculiar Diseases Of the Duodenum Diseases The Duodenum may be stopped by compression of the Sweet-bread and then the food is Vomited up again two or three houres after it is eaten because the passage is stopped The Ilium is subject to the Iliack passion which is an Inflamation and not a Ilium twisting of that Gut Somtime it fals down into the groyn and somtimes into the Gods which causeth Ruptures in those places Somtimes the Peritoneum being loosed or broken neer the Navel the Disease called Jejunum Omphalocele commeth in which the Jejunum slipps down The Colon is subject to the Collick which ariseth either through sharp Humors Colon. or wind or extream cold Air. In it wormes are bred which somtimes creep up into the Stomach and are Vomited out This Gut alone is subject to Ulcerations which causeth Putrefaction which many think comes from the Mesenterium and most unfortunately use purging Medicines and Glysters which increase the evil and no way help it Because the extremity of the Colon which is joyned to the right Gut is more fleshy painful Impostums are bred there which suppurate and are sooner cured then they would be if they came from the Mesentery Somtimes Melancholy hard swellings are bred there which cause difficulty in going to the stool and hasten death The right Gut hath its peculiar Diseases Tenasmus Inflamation Impostumes Right Gutâ—… which end in Ulcers and fistulas which are difficult to be cured and require the help of the Chirurgion The Peristalcick motion of the Guts is Somtimes so perverted that the Dung flowes upward and Glysters are cast up at the Mouth And so are suppositaries also if you wil believe some Practitioners but then the shutter of the Colon must needs be broken Al the Symptomes of the Guts are to be referred to the Excrements when they are Symptomes excessive as in Fluxes or deficient as when men go not to stool unless they be provoked by Medicine both which Symptomes impair the health Fluxes are called Diarrhea which is either Chylous or humoral humoral is either Caeliacal or Mesenterical or Intestinal When it comes with Ulceration Paine and Blood it is called a Bloody Flux If it come without pain and be like the Water in which raw flesh has bin washt it comes from the Liver and is called Hepatica If it come through smoothness of the Guts It is called Lienteria if it come with Quitter it is called Mesenterical The causes of al these Diseases yea may find in al Practtioners and therefore we will make no longer stay upon them The internal Tunicle of the Guts Somtimes is severed lost which is thought to be turned into a long worm of two or three Cubits long caled Tania of which you may read in Spigelius Lib. de Lumbrico lato Chap. 18. Of the Mesenterium THe a T. 3. f. 1. A A. T. 4. f. 1. H H. â–¡ Mesenterium is the bond of the Guts which keeps them in there places â— What it is that they pass not into confusion and be thereby deprived of there action and use It is a double Membrane between which is Fat and many b T. 3. f. 1. a a a a. â–¡ Glandulae or It s Structure Kernels and a four-fold kind of c f. 1. B B. â–¡ Vessels This is the structure of it It is feared in the midst of the Belly because it sticks to the transverse processes Scituation of the Vertebrae by Lygaments thence is its original It sticks so firmely to the d T. 9. f. 1. M M. â–¡ Guts that no division at al appears between its two Vessels Membraines innumerable e T. 4. f. 1. a a a. T. 9. f. 1. c c c. â–¡ Veins pass which are called meseraick or Mesenterick Also an infinite number of f f. 1. b b b b. â–¡ Arteries from the Caeliacal Artery Also it hath f Nerves from the Lumbals or Nerves of the Loines The fourth kind of Vessels are called g f. 8. n n. â–¡ Venae lacteae by Aselbus the first finder Vena Lactcae of them out of which we need not doubt seeing it is now a common received truth This one thing troubles many Namely the diversity of their distribution For in a beast ful fed that is opened alive these milky Veins are noted scattered about the Mesenterium but some pass to the Sweet-bread others to the Liver others to the Trunck of the Vena Cava none of them to the Spleen neither like other veins are they gathered into one Head they seem rather to have their Root and Foundation in the Sweet-bread and from thence to be distributed this way and that way These Milky Veins being granted al difficulties which were formerly about the Vsâ— distribution of Chyle and blood by the same Channel cease For the Milky Veins carry the Chyle to the Liver and the Meseraick Veins carry back the Blood to the Nourishing of the Guts Therefore both these Channels may be stopped severally which is to be noted of a Physitian in curing of the Diseases of the Bowels The Mesenterium seeing it communicates with the Liver by the h t. 9. f. 1. a a a. b b b. â–¡ Vena Porta with the Spleen by the i T. 4. f. 1. F F. f. b. A A A. â–¡ Caeliacal Arteries and the Splenical k f. 5. K. c. I I. Vein with the Guts by their Connexions and hath a fatty Glandulous substance fit to receive Humors and to retain al the impurities of the first Region Physitians well cal it the Nurse of Diseases for from that as from a Fountain do al the Diseases of the Bowels proceed and al Physitians in prescribing Purges and Remedies have a special eye to that The Medicinal Consideration The Mesenterium labours under Diseases both Simple and Compound it is Diseases of the Mesenterium inflamed and oftentimes uffers impostumes It is Ulcerated and by reason of its Vessels often obstructed By reason of his fatty and Glandulous substance it often swels to a great hard swelling and is the Foundation of al Kings evil Swellings which seldom come in great Number but the Foundacion is here It is subject to bastard Collicks which proceed of sharp Choler and degenerate into Palsies in the inferior Limbs and somtimes in the superior and hence comes the Morbus Ructuosus mentioned by Hippocrates and Morbus Siccatorius Of the Diseases of the Mesenterium you may
months it sticks so fast to the Peritoneum before to the bottom of the Bladder to the Guts and in Women to the Womb that it must of necessity putrifie in that place which it wil the sooner do if either you give the patient Emollient Medicines inwardly or apply them outwardly If you would prolong the patients life you must often let blood and beare up the Tumor with a truss or Swathe band What if the Spleen fal from its natural place shal we sear and burn it with a red hot Iron when it slips into the Belly shal we take that Course with it It is a ticklish and dangerous peice of work notwithstanding Old Farriers or Horse Doctors have written that the Spleen has been by that means consumed in Horses and in some poor slaves on whom they durst Experiment so cruel a Remedy Much more dangerous it is by opening the left Hypochondrium to take away the Spleen neither can its thick superfluous Humors be safely disolved by heating the same I should by such a practise sear a contusion after which an incurable suppuration of the whol substance would undoubtedly follow There is none of the Bowels which in Diseases does more change its shape Somtime Figure its long somtime foursquare somtimes round according as it finds room to dilate it self in when it rests upon the Stomach it does much hurt and disturbe the action thereof Communion and if it be fastened to the Midrif is oppresses the same or if it reach thither in its Bulk it hinders the free Motions thereof Upon the Spleen obstructed depend the Black Jaundice Hypochondriacal Melancholy Obstructed what Diseases it Causes the ill Colors of Virgins and other Women The Scurvy or Hippocrates his great Spleens out of which flowes a Malignant Wheyish Humor which being spread into divers Parts of the Body does in the Mouth cause Stomacace or Oscedo a sorenes with loosness of the Teeth c. In the Thighs Scelotyrbe a soreness with spots and wandring pains through the whol body which are either fixed and abiding in certain Parts which we cal Rheumatismes and the Germans refer them to the scurvy as may be seen in such German Authors as have written of the Scurvy especially in the Treatise of Engalenus And therefore after universal Remedies they use other appropriate Scorbuticks which are destined to the Cure of that Disease Chap. 27. Of the Vena Cava and Aorta within the Lower Belly THe Trunk of the a T. 12. f. 1. A B C. â–¡ Vena Cava is commonly reported to arise out of the Liver Liver is not the Original of Vena Cava and to be divided into the superior and inferior Trunk as if they were separated as it is in the stock of the b T. 12. f. 4. A. â–¡ Aorta springing out of the Heart but Ocular Inspection does demonstrate that the Trunk of Vena Cava is separated from the Liver which creepes beneath and that near the top of the Liver by the Midrif it receives a branch which grows out of the c f. 1. r r. â–¡ Substance of the Liver which carries blood into the Trunk of the Cava that it may be carryed unto the Heart with other blood which ascends by Circulation Wherefore that same Trunk of the Vena Cava is extended al along without Interruption from the d f. 1. B. â–¡ Jugulum or Neck even to the e T. 12. f. 1. D. â–¡ Os Sacrum There I make account is the Cistern of Blood because a great part of the Blood is contained therein The Trunk of Vena Cava in regard of the Liver which by a branch supplies iâ— Vena Cava divided into Trunks with Blood may be divided into the f f. 1. B. â–¡ upper and lower g T. 12. f. 1. C D. â–¡ Trunk The inferior produces the Vena h T. 5. f. a. g. â–¡ Adeposa which is dispersed into the fatty Membrane of the Kidney and then the i T. 12. f. 1. x x. â–¡ emulgent which is distributed into the Kidney after that the k f. 1. z. z. â–¡ Spermatick Vein whose right-side branch springs from the Trunk of Cava and it s left from the Emulgent finally it sends three or four branches called l f. 1. a a a. â–¡ Lumbares into the Loins which are spred abroad unto the Marrow of the Back When the Trunk is come to the top of Os Sacrum it is divided into two Channels Distribution of the inferior Trunk or Pipes which from their Scituation are termed m f. 1. D D. â–¡ Canales Iliaci the Illiack Pipes From these on either hand are produced other Veins especially the a Sacra b Hypogastrica Amplissima c Epigastrica and d Pudenda In Women the Hypogastrica is longer than in Men and Nourishes more Parts and holds the Menstrual blood till the time come that itmust be voided Wherefore blood is conteined in greater plenty about the Genitals of Women than of Men. The Epigastrica is observed to be two-fould in Women the one ascends into the Musculus Rectus the other opposite thereunto descends as low as the Womb. In this Trunk of Vena Cava Fernelius after Galen placed the seat of continual Seat of Feavers continual and Iâ—…rmittent Feavers supposing the Blood rested quietly therein but seeing the blood is in perpetual motion I make the seat of continual feavers to be in the Trunk of the Vena Cava and in those great Pipes carryed along through the Limbs as the semâ—…ry â—f intermittent Feavers or Agues is in the Vena Porta or in the Bowells which are nourished thereby Seeing the Veins are the Vessels and Cisterts to contain the blood they have a thin coat saving that the Trunk of Vena Cava has a thicker and stronger coat Why Cava hâ—â— a thick Coat than ordinary to avoid breaking in case the blood should work or boyl therein which by means of the tenderness of the Coat can sweat and breath thorough T is a Question whether the Veins have Fibres or no some say yea and some Whether Veins have Fibres no. But seeing the Blood is thrust forward by the spirits and Hear it has a natural ascent unto the Heart and therefore it needs no Fibres to draw it and if any were necessary the right ones would suffice but the circular ones are interposed for strength and some threds are observed in the Coat of a Vein not to draw but to strengthen the Coat Wherefore the Contentions about the Fibres of Veins are but Vain Janglings neither are we in Blood-letting so carefully and scrupulouâ—ly to observe the rectitude of the Fibres as the Scituation of the Part affected Hippocrates in his Book de Morbo Sacro does Elegantly call the Veins Spiracula Why the Veins are called the Bodies Wind-Doers Corporis the Wind-doers or Breathing places of the Body because when they are opened a Fuliginous or sooty Spirit Issues
to The Wombs Ligaments pass that the Clitoris being rubbed with the hand the ends of those Ligaments are likewise chated and heated and the Tickling is extended as far as the Womb and Testicles whence they arise and through which they have passage Those Ligaments of the Womb are somwhat hollow as far as to the Groines whence it comes to passe that a virulent matter being â—â—om the Genitals expelled hither does breed Pockie Buboes or Swellings and other Tumors which are not at al Malignant The Sheath is Compounded or made up of two Coates the one is internal and Membranous the other is external and altogether fleshy like a Muscle that it may open and contract it selfe and in the Act of Generation Squeeze and Milk the mans Yard But the inner Coat is wrinkled like the Roofe of an Oxes Mouth a T. 7. f. 2. Y. f. 3. E E. â–¡ The Medicinal Consideration Having diligently surveyed these Parts you shal now consider the Diseases Common Diseases of these Parts Closure which are wont to happen upon them And in the first place the external Orifice or passage into the Womb is somtimes naturally shut up the Lips being closed together This often happness in Girles newly borne But this closure is more frequently found to be in the Nymphes or instead of the Myrtle-shap'd Carnosities we meet with the Hymen fleshy and unboared Somtime after hard labour in Child-birth these Parts being torne do grow to one another This natural growing together of those Parts in Children must be separated and so it must in Women when it comes by accident I have seen some women conceive notwithstanding this growing together there being a little hole left for the Seed to enter at being eagerly attracted by the hungry womb When the time of their delivery was come by reason of much moisture flowing unto those Parts this closure did of it self open Maides and women that are thus closed up are termed in Greek Atretae imperforated persons such as are unboared or unbroached Somtimes the wideness and openness of these Parts is so great that it proves Laxity loathsome and hurtful to Women Namely such as have undergone hard Labor in Child-Birth so that it is needful to straiten the same with Medicaments Somtimes in Women that have never had Children by reason of over-frequent carnal Conjunctions these Parts are so opened and widened that they seek to Physitians that they may recover their former straitness and so bring their Hogs to a better Market Howbeit Virginity lost cannot be repaired it may be couterfeited by Art but it is not the Part of an honest Physitian to teach those Arts it belongs only to Adulterers and Bawds or such as get their living by prostitution of the Bodies of yong Women Furthermore the Lips have their peculiar Diseases they are Inflamed Swelled Peculiar Diseases of the Lips Vlcerated from a common or extraordinary Cause viz. The Whores-Pocks Also they are subject on their inner side to Warts Pushes termed Thymi resembling the Color of Flowers of Time and certain smal Tumors called Condylomata resembling the Joynts of a Mans Fingers Of the Nymphs The Nymphoe in somè Women yea and in some nations do grow to such a filthy greatness that they hang without the Lips and then they must be cut They are made ruff with Pustles or Pushes but more often defiled and made ugly with the foresaid Thymi Warts and Vlcers springing from the Whoremasters Pocks Of the Clitoris The Clitoris is somtimes exceeding long resembling a Mans Yard it is then termed Cercosis Caudatio the Long-Taile Disease so that some Women do abuse that Part one with another when it is longer and thicker than ordinary Such are those which are termed Hermaphrodites or Rubsters for it was never known neither is it possible that a Woman should be turned or transformed into a Man But a Man being at his Birth reputed for a Woman as aforesaid by the coming forth of his Genital Parts may be turned into a Man that is to say be acknowledged for such Somtimes within the Sheath there hangs a fleshy Excrescence which reaches Of the Sheath as far as the Lips and farther very deformed and troublesome and somwhat like a Mans Yard It is rooted near the inner Orifice of the Womb or it rises from the sides of the sheath far within It must be cut up by the Roots or else it wil grow again being a great trouble to marryed Women because it hinders the entrance of a Mans Yard in the carnal Embracement Near the Caruncles or Carnosities before mentioned there appeares within a Of the Caruncles Vein two or three which are pretty ful and drop Blood out like the Haemorrhoides and are somtimes exulcerated and may degenerate into Malignant Ulcers unless they be wel looked to Within the Sheath in the upper Part in the very Orifice of the Womb a Malignant An Vlcer Scirrhous Tumor is bred which at last degenerates into a Cancerous Ulcer A sad and miserable Disease if it arise through fault of the Womb and other Parts of the Body If the said Ulcer proceed from the Whoremasters-Pocks as oftentimes it fals out it is curable provided the foresaid Orifice be not wholly eaten up and that the Ulcer have not crept into the inner Parts of the Womb. That may be perceived not only by the Instrument called Speculum Matricis with which we look into the Womb but also by putting up of a bodies Finger Chap. 37. Of the internal Parts of a Woman which serve for Generation THe external Parts being diligently viewed and accurately dissected the Parts The Way of shewing these Parts of the Fundament come next to be cut up and then the Symphysis or growing together of the bones of the Pubis being discovered the Gristle placed between the bones must be cut asunder with a very sharp Pen-Knife that the Thighs may be more easily displayed and that their may be room enough made to handle the internal Parts The internal Parts may be divided into those which make up or belong unto the Internal Parts twofold Body of the Womb and those which prepare the Seminal matter We must begin with the latter The Vasa Spermatica deferentia that is the a T. 7. f. 1. a b. â–¡ carrying Spermatick Vessels Vasa Deferentia are made up like those in Men of the Spermatick b T. 7. f. 2. I M. â–¡ Veine and the Spermatick c T. 7. f. 2. K L. â–¡ Artery They have the same Rise in Women as in Men. Herein only they differ that they are not so straitly united nor with so many turnings as to make a broad d T. 6. f. 3. and 4. A A. T. 7. f. 2. c c. â–¡ Parastata which is not in Women They are divided into three Parts whereof one is carryed into the Stones the other to the Bottom of the Womb and the third creeps along to
238 239 Trunk being the second part of the Sceleton of what it consists Page 13 V Varices what they be Page 258 Their cure ibid Vena Axilaris Thoracica Basilica Merdiana Salvatella what and where they are Page 254 255 Vena Cava inflamed Cure of the diseases thereof twofold a valve therein its use Page 66 Heart the Original thereof Page 108 Vena Cava and Aorta within the lower Belly Page 64 Vena Cava Divided into trunks it is the Seatof Feavers continual and intermiting ibid The Liver is not the Original thereof ibid Why it hath a thick coat Page 65 Vein its and definition description Page 27 Veins conteined within the Chest at large discoursed of by the Author Page 113 114 115 Veln Jugular in what case it may be opened Page 114 Veins which of them are most usually opened Page 215 Whether the Foot vein may be opened how Page 216 Veins whether they have fibres and why they are called the bodys wind-doors Page 65 The retentive faculty of them being lost what follows Page 66 Vena Porta the Liver the original thereof Page 108 Veins their valves with the Vse of them Page 55 Vein cut off whether it wil grow again Page 258 Ventricles what meant thereby Page 33 Why the dissection begins at the lower its Substance Temperature Original Scituation Quantiy Parts containing Common Proper Diverse Parts contained Figure Color Connexion Vse Action Page 32 33 Vertebrae What they are and the parts thereof Page 13 Vertebrae of the Neck Back Loynes Os Sacrum or boly bone and the Crupper bone Page 14 Vertebrae their Gristles and Membranes Page 275 Vertigo What it is and whence it proceeds Page 134 Vesalius his opinion touching the use of the Patella Page 284 Vessels their motion how abolished Page 259 Vomits warily to be used not to be given to persons very weak Page 56 57 Vomiting of choler and blood whence is proceeds Page 55 Vomica What kind of Impostume it is Page 103 Ureters their description substance length scituation wideness original Nerves Obstruction stone Page 70 Urethra or piss-pipe Page 73 Its obliquation in the Perineum impostumated hard to cure Page 74 Urine let out with a knife Page 72 Uvula Its use Muscles ligaments and diseases c. Page 204 223 W Warts From whence they arise Page 195 Wesand or Windpipe Its use gristles Membrane and diseases Page 208 209 Whether the wounds thereof are curable Page 209 Woman Her Genital parts which are either external or internal their diseases Page 81 82 Parts internal which serve for generation two fold the way of shewing these parts Page 83 Woman childing Why some sickly others not Page 87 Woman big-bllyed whether she may be let blood Page 88 Whether in the disease Cholera she may bleed ibid Women beg-bellied whether in them the womb grows thinner ibid Women never changed into a Man Page 75 Womb Its substance coats temper sctiuation greatness shape cavity action infirmities Page 84 85 Worms how they breed in the blood Page 66 Heart eaten by them ibid VVorms bred in the Pericardium which feed on the heart Page 100 Worms in the Ears termed Eblai Page 194 Wrist The two Muscles thereof Page 227 The best way of dissecting its Muscles Page 247 VVrist bones their number and articulation Page 281 Y Yard of a man Its parts Skin foreskin It 's bridle membrane vessels muscles It s hollow ligaments their internal substance Its obliquation in the Perineum the Nut thereof impostumated hard to cure Page 73 74 Yard the medicinal consideration and diseases thereof Page 74 Its muscles are four Page 233 Z Zecchius His vain brag Page 72 Zygomaticus What Muscle so called Page 220 The Names of several Books printed by Peter Cole at the sign of the Printing-press in Cornhil neer the Royal Exchange Eleven several Books by Nich. Culpeper Gent. Student in Physick and Astrologie 1 The Practice of Physick containing seventeeu several Books Wherein is plainly set forth The Nature Cause Differences and several sorts of Signs Together with the Cure of al Diseases in the Body of Man Being Translation of the Works of that Learned and Renowned Doctor Lazarus Riverius now living Councellor and Physitian to the present King of France Above fifteen thousand of the said Books in Latin have been sold in a very few Yeers having been eight times printed though al the former Impressions wanted the Nature Causes Signs and Differences of the Diseases and had only the Medicines for the cure for them as plainly appears by the Authors Epistle 2 Riolanus six Books of Anatomy and Physick containing the Foundation of Physick and Chyrurgery wherein all the Body of Man is in such sort Anatomically dissected as that the Causes and Natures of al Diseases are demonstrated from the Fabrick and use of the Parts affected 3 Veslingus Anatomy of the Body of Man Wherein is exactly described the several Parts of the Body of Man illustrated with very many larger Brass Plates than ever was in English before 4 A Translation of the New dispensatory made by the Colledg of Physitians of London Whereunto is added The Key to Galens Method of Physick 5 The English Physician enlarged being an Astrologo-Physical Discourse of the vulgar Herbs of this Nation wherein is shewed how to cure a mans self of most Diseases incident to Mans Body with such things as grow in England and for three pence charge Also in the same Book is shewed 1 The time of gathering al Herbs both Vulgarly and Astrologically 2 The way of drying and keeping them and their Juyces 3 The way of making and keeping al manner of useful Compounds made of those Herbs The way of mixing the Medicines according to the Cause and Mixture of the Disease and the part of the Body afflicted 6 A Directory for Midwives or a Guide for Women Newly enlarged by the Author in every sheet and illustrated with divers new Plates 7 Galens Art of Physick with a large Comment 8 A New Method both of studying and practising Physick 9 A Treatise of the Rickets being a Disease common to Children wherein is shewed 1 The Essence 2 The Causes 3 The Signs 4 The Remedies of the Disease Published in Latin by Dr. Glisson Dr. Bates and Dr. Regemorter translated into English And corrected by N. Culpeper 10 Medicaments for the Poor Or Physick for the Common People 11 Health for the Rich and Poor by Dyet without Physick Twenty one several Books of Mr. William Bridâ—e Collected into two Volumns Viz. 1 Scripture Light the most sure Light Compared with 1. Revelations Visions 2. Natural Supernatural Dreams 3 Impressions with and without Word 4 Light and Law within 5. Divine Providence 6. Christian Experience 7. Humane Reason 8. Judicial Astrology Delivered in Sermons on 2 Pet. 1. 19. 2 Christ in Travel Wherein 1. The Travel of his soul 2. The first and after effects of his Death 3. His Assurance of Issue 4. And his satisfaction therein
the Parts afterwards I wil lay down in a few words what may be gathered from this Sound Constitution for the Knowledg fore knowledg and Cure of a Diseased Constitution And Anatomy handled in this Method wil be the beginning Middle and end of the whol Art of Physick This is a short easie and clear Method Quickly and rightly to learn the Art of Curing which propounds the same visible to the Eyes of such as are wel verst in my Fathers writings or in the Institutions of Sennertus for by this Method I shal unlock display the treasures in Anatomy of Physick But perhaps some Fool that is unskilled wil reprove our Disigne Object that we confound the whol Art of Medicine seing Anatomy is a Part of Physiology distinct from the rest and therefore ought to be taught apart seeing Galen himself in the beginning of his dissection of Muscles reproves the Anatomical Book of Lycus because in his Treatise of Muscles he inserted the Diseases of the Parts If any prattle such things against us they wil quickly hold their peace if they read Gal. Lib. 2 admin Anatom Relateing That Antient Physitians regarded Anatomy so much that in al Hippocrates did in al his Books Many are the Sorts of the Figures both within and without the Body saith Hippocrates in Lib. de vet Med. Which have much different qualifications in the Sick and the Sound all which you must perfectly distinguish one from another that you may rightly know and observe the causes of every one of them According to Aristotle Health and Sickness are the Fundamental And Profitable in Medicine Parts of Medicine Both of them are contained in the Parts and Sickness compared with Health is the better discerned Ad to this That Aristotle Writes that he that would Cure the Eyes must first know the Structure of the Eye Again Hippocrates held that Diseases were distinguished according to the Parts they were inâ—ierent in and the principal Curative indications were taken from the Affect and the Part affected and Remedies both Medicinal and Chyrurgical were Prescribed and administred diversly according to the Parts Afflicted Therefore Galen wrote his Therapeuticks of the composition of Medicines according to the Parts afflicted and Avicenna did wisely when perceving that the Seats of Diseases could not be known without skil in Anatomy Before the Diseases of the particular Parts he set down their Anatomy And if we beleeve Galen in Lib. de Part med The first Matter or Subject of Medicine is the Body as it is the Subject of Health and Sickness Our intent then is by a short and easie Method To deliver in writing and The Intent of the Author demonstrate in dead Bodies of the seats of al Diseases and Symptomes both Internal and External and the particular way of Cure according to the order of Anatomy which is publickly observed A notable peice of Workmanship to learn Physick by by which 't is easie to manifest and bring to light the Errours in the Cures of Diseases and to instruct and inform such as are Studious in Physick by that time they have been hearers and beholders two yeares of two Anatomies in a year with diligent reading of Books and excercize of the knowing of Plants and other Drugs and visiting of the Sick with him that is their teacher Excellently said Johannes Fernelius in the beginning of his Pathology I shal never think any man wel skilled in the knowledg of Diseases unless he have been an Eye witness of the seats of them in the Body of man and know how they are affected against Nature neither can be come to this unless he be skilful and exquisite in Anatomy and whatsoever he reads or hears let him seriously contemplate it in the Body of man and settle the cheif knowledg of things in his mind Chap. 2. Why we begin our Anatomy with the Treatise of Bones THat kind of stile is two-fold which is used in the explication of any thing Gal. Com. ad Part. q. Lib. 1. de fract et Cap. 1. Lib. The Method of teaching double Synops. de Puls The first is called Synopticus when the Matter is briefly laid down The other Diexodicus when it is Copiously unfolded nothing being passed by which is profitable to be declared The former helps the memory the latter cleers the matter to the understanding For which Cause Galen divided his Books into Isagogical and perfect the first being fitted to young beginners the other to proficients as himself testifies Lib. de libris Propriis This is also confirmed by the authority of Hippocrates Lib. de vet Med. Where he adviseth Physitians to teach easie things to young students and such as may be quickly learned ad hereunto That al men desire to learn apace according to Aristor Lib. 2 de Rhetor. Chap. 10. And the Method of breife teaching is alwaies grateful both to young students and to perfect Masters for it teacheth the former what things must be learned and in the latter cals back to their memory what they have learned before and almost forgotten Gal. Lib. 4. de diff puls Wisely and Elegantly did the Emperor Justinian judg That a compendium of the Lawes was first to be propounded to invite Novices to knowledg Then are al things delivered most commodiously when they are first delivered by a plain and simple way and then by an exact and diligent interpretation for if we burden weak though studious minds at beginning with variety and Multiplicity of things we either make them desert their studies or else young Men to great labor and distrust and bring them by a longer way to what might be learned with more speed less labor and no distrust Therefore following the precepts of Galen and Hippocrates I wil describe Why the Author wrote a Synopsis a briefe and cleer Manual of Anatomy following the counsel of Galen who had rather write a Synopsis of his Books of Pulses himself then to leave the business to another who by not understanding his mind and sense should pervert or confound his meaning I begin with the Bones because they are the foundation of al the Parts of the whol Body which is substained Included Preserved and moved by the Why he begins with the Bones Bones which according to Hippocrates give stability and form to the Body Therefore he that is studious in Physick ought to be instructed in the perfect The necessity of writing of the Bones knowledg of the Bones before he come to behold the Anatomy of the whole Body otherwise he wil be ignorant in designing the original and insertion of the Muscles and the sticking of other Parts to certain Conceptacles of the Bones unless he be skilled in the History of Bones at which Anatomy is to begin as Hippocrates taught and after him Galen Chap. 3. The Division of Osteology or the History of the Bones THe History of the Bones is called Osteology of which are two Parts The Parts of Osteology
third channel of Choler which goes into the Stomach unless some Part creep from the Meatus Hepaticus unto the Pylorus It has manifest Veins from the Porta called Venae Cysticae Its Arteries and Its Vessels Nerves are not so visible The Medicinal Consideration THe Gall-Bladder is subject to few Diseases The most common are when its Diseases of the Gall-Bladder Cavity or its Channels are obstructed When its Cavity is ful of little stones or filled with one great one by reason of thick Choler changed into a stony substance Its passages are stopped in the Liver or in the Gut Also it is broken through violeut motion in Vomiting and sometime it is so distended with Choler when the passages are stopped that should Evacuate the same that it has been seen as big as both a Mans Fists Somtimes when it is empty of choler it dries up so that nothing therefore remaines saving the ductus Hepaticus If we beleive Fernelius there could be no other Cause found of the death of some persons than that their Gall-Bladder had no Choler in it if so the evil and venemous Quality of the suppressed Choler was so great as to infect the heart or to weaken and corrupt some noble part The Symptomes of this Part are more manifest which do consist in its action Its Symptomes hurt or in the undue proportion or quantity of the Excrementitious Choler The Action of the Gall-bladder is attraction of Choler which is either diminished or abolished The undue proportions or quantity of the Choler is when either too little or too much is voided forth Which Symptomes cheifly appear in those Parts which Sympathise with the Gall-bladder Their Signs as in the Stomach when Choler is vomited up in the whol body when Choler is shed abroad through the Veins into the habit of the Body and deformes the Skin or when it takes its Course into the Guts and causes a dysentery or a Cholerick looseness But the original of these Symptomes is to be charged upon the Liver being il disposed Their Original And Democritus had good Reason to search diligently into the seat and Nature of Choler when he made dissection of divers living Creatures that he might be more able rightly to cure the Diseases of Body and mind When I see in an extream Yellow Jaundice the whol Skin infected with Choler Diversity of Choler proved that the Urins die cloaths Yellow the stooles being in the mean time whitish And when I see in another sort of Jaundice both the Urins and stooles Yellow This confirmes to me that there are two sorts of Choler and several waies for the expurnation of each of them In the Yellowest sort of Jaundice in which the stooles are By the different sorts of Jaundice whiteish the Meatus Hepaticus or Liver passage of Choler is stopped in the Cavity of the Liver In the other sort of Jaundice when the stools are Yellow it shews that a quantity of Choler passes away by the Urins and Guts and the obstruction is not so great nor so stubborn as in the Yellowist sort of Jaundice and therefore it is to be hoped the Cure will be more speedy Chap. 26. Of the Spleen THe Spleen is a Bowel placed right against the Liver as its Lieutenant and a The Spleen described kind of Bastard-Liver that when the Liver is Diseased it may assist the same in Sanguification or blood making It is of a a T. 4. f. 7. C. â–¡ Substance spongy soft sprinkled al over with very many Vessels like It s Substance Fibres or threds yet it is altogether unlike the substance of the Liver It is infolded in a Membrane b f. 7. B B. â–¡ proper to it self seeing it receives none from the Peritoneum It s Color is Black and Blew and obscurely Reddish Color Greatness It s greatness is uncertaine and not determinable because it grows greater or less according to the abundance or defect of Humors which flow thither are collected therein So that there is none of the Bowels which does so easily grow bigger and lesser as the Spleen In respect of Number it is wont to Be single Somtimes it has been observed to Number be double and threefold Consider in the Spleen its upper Part which is termed the Head and its nether Parts Part which is called the Taile T is a T. 4. f. 1. D. â–¡ placed in the left Hypochondrium under the short Ribbs opposed as it Scituation were to weigh against the Liver that the Body might remaine equally ballanced When it keeps its Natural Constitution its Temper is hot and moist enclining to Temper dryness It is of an oblong shape like a Tongue in Brutes but in Mankind it is more Shape like the Sole of a Mans Foot In the fore Part towards the Stomach it is b T. 4. f. 8. A A A. â–¡ hollowed that it might receive the c T. 4. f. 1. I. I. f. 8 B. and C. â–¡ splenical Veins and Arteries on the back part towards the Ribbs its d T. 4. f. 7. A. â–¡ bunching It s knit into the Stomach by two or three Veines remarkable enough which do Connexion make that so famous e T. 4. f. 6. h. â–¡ Vas Breve so called by reason of the shortness of the way Through those Veins it disburthens it self into the Stomach by the Veins and Arteries Splenical it Purges it self into the Guts and Kidnies Ii's fastened to the bastard Ribs by Membranous Fibres sufficiently strong somtimes it 's fastened to the Stomach and is knit at its point to the Midrif or Diaphragma It Communicates with the Heart by a remarkable peculiar and admirable Artery which it hath which by a short way carries thither the Vapours or â—l Juyces thereof The Action of the Spleen is much doubled and controverted among Physitians Action controverted divers Opinions thereof and Anatomists so Many Men so Many Minds Hippocrates did beleeve that it drew superfluous serosity out of the Stomach which Opinion Aristotle followed though others draw it to an attraction of Chyle either out of the Pancreas and Mesentery or out of the Stomach Galen will have it emploied in Purging away Melancholy which it draws from the Liver Others are of Opinion that it prepares Blood for the Heart that it may become Arterial whether it be of the thicker parts of the Chyle or of the dregs of the Blood carried thither Others say it prepares a superfluous wheyish matter being the excrement of its own digestion which it sends back again into the Stomach to ferment the Meats when they are turned into Chyle The Arabian Physitians acknowledg such an Humor but they assigne its office to be the provoking of Appetite Galen thought that it did help to strengthen the Stomach In so great dissent of Authors what shal we resolve upon every one brings probable reasons for his Opinion Hofmannus
large Cavity of the Ureters within the Kidnies They are thought to have Nerves whereby they feel but being of a Membranous Nerves Nature their extream pain in the passage of a Stone proceeds from the stretching of the Membrane Seeing therefore they are ordained to pass the Urine unto the Bladder they are Obstruction offended with such things as pass through them whether it be sharp Urine or purulent matter or a little Stone or a thick and clammy Humor by which they are obstructed So that the most usual Disease of the Ureters is Obstruction And if within the duplicature of the Bladder either of them be obstructed there is Stone bred a Stone which grows by little and little which is not movable but remains fastned to the Bladder which when those that Cut out the Stone endeavour to pul away they tear the Bladder Neither do I think there was any other difference of the Bladder in these in whom a double Cavity was observed and a Stone lying close in the one of them Chap. 30. Of the Piss-Bladder THe Piss-Bladder is the Receptacle of Urine being framed of a Membranous It s Substance Coates substance consisting of two 2 Coates The b third which they attribute thereunto is a Duplication of the Peritoneum within which it lies hid hanging like a Bottel with its bottom upwards and with this Partition it is severed from the Guts and other Parts only in mankind least with the weight of the Guts bearing thereupon it should be forced out of its place It s natural size is smal when empty because it is widened and contracted according Magnitude to the quantity of the Urine The efficient Cause of its Contraction is the second and external Membrane which is altogether fleshy which Fabricius ab Aqua Pendente took to be Musculous and after him Spigelius who cals it Musculum Detrusorem Vesicae He might better have called it Expulsorem the Expulsive Muscle of the Bladder It s shape represents a bottle with the bottom upwards whose bottom is in the Shape lower Part of the Hypogastrium and its Neck lies hid beneath under the Bones of the Pubis The Piss-bladder is but one in Number yet severed somtimes into two Cavities Number after the manner before expressed It is perforated with three holes near the Neck The first and greatest is that Holes out of which the Urine passes the other two being those by which the Urine comes into the Bladder are the Ends of the Ureters It s Orifice is shut by the Muscle Sphincter which is formed of the substance of Muscles the bladder contracted There is another Muscle called Externus Spleniatus as broad as two Fingers which is plaâ—ed about the Neck of the bladder and the Glandules or Kernels resting thereupon termed a Prostatae The power of shutting and opening the bladder depends upon this Muscle The Piss-bladder has Veins and Arteries from the b Hypogastrical Vessels it Vessels has Nerves in its Neck from the Os c Sacrum and in its body from a Nerve of the d six Pair Which is diligently to be considered in Diseases of the bladder causing stoppage of Urine which proceed from a fall caught upon the Loins or Os Sacrum The Medicinal Consideration THe Piss-bladder is subject to an infinite number of Diseases In its substance Diseases of the Bladder it is subject to al kind of Distempers especially hot and cold it suffers Inflammation Tumors Ulcers and Palsie both in the Neck and whol Body thereof Of which we shall Discourse particularly It s temper is perverted when the bladder naturally cold and dry comes to wax In its Temper hot and fils into an inflammation It s Scituation is changed when that Part of the Peritoneum in which it is included Saituation is relaxed whereby it slips a little downe which causes a difficulty in pissing unless the lower Part of the Belly be lifted up with the Hand Somtimes by the weight of many little Stones it comes to have an hollow nook by the side of the streight Gut near its Neck and then the Stones do nestle in that corner so that they cannot be perceived by putting in a Catheter but the best way to feel them is by putting ones Finger into the Fundament It s greatness or widness cannot certainly be defined unless it were empty howbeit wideness it is enlarged and widened according to the quantity of Urine But if it be so much enlarged as to exceed the natural measure then the Fibres of the Coates being broken or too much slacned the party cannot make Water because the fleshy Membrane is deprived of that motion by which the Urine ought to be expelled And in this Case the Water cannot be voided otherwise than by putting in of a Catheter which somtimes for a Month or two must be done twice a day until the Membrane have recovered its antient tone or contractive Vigour Somtimes the bladder is so contracted and straitned by reason of a painful exulceration in its inner Part and then grows thicker and as it were Cartilaginous which hinders its distention and in this Case the Patient must often make Water with pain The Neck of the bladder comprehending its Orifice or the Channel of Urine has Diseases of the Nick of the Bladder also its Diseases It is frequently inflamed swelled Ulcerated obstructed and is weakened by the Palsie when it can neither be contracted not relaxed seeing it is thicker and more fleshy than the bottom of the bladder It is easily inflamed and Fernelius was of Opinion that no other Part of the bladder is subject to inflammation from whence proceeds an Ulcer which is not so hard to Cure as that which happens within the body of the bladder because injections and convenient Candles may be conveighed thereunto It is frequently obstructed by the Stone lying hid in the bladder or by a How Obstructed fungous body which grows therein Yea and somtimes beyond the Neck within the bladder fungous or Spâ—â—gy carnosities do arise which do much trouble the bladder and fil the â—ame They arise often â—rom a flux of blood or a swelling Vein which being opened causes aâ— incuâ—able Issue of blood which â—oon causes a Gangrene by reaâ—on of Clotteâ—s of Blood remaining there Spungy Carnosities do grow without the Neck within the Ureter which are teâ—â—ed Hypeâ—saâ—â—â—ses which are easily Eaten away with Medicinal Wax Candles made and fitteâ— for that purpose Oftentimes they happen in the Passage of the Urine after a Venemous Gonorrbea not wel Cured Alâ—o â—he Neck of the bladder is obstructed by another external Cause Namely by swelling of the Kernels â—ermed Prostâ—â—â— which rest upon the bladder But the Urine is often stopped by a Palsie in the Neck of the bladder so that the Sphincter Muscles cannot contract noâ— dilaâ—e themselves To open the Bladder and to search out the Diseases which are bred within oâ— The
deliver an exact Pathology or Description of Diseases but only to hint at such Diseases as are known by knowing the Natural Constitution of the parts of the whol Body Chap. 37. Of the Pains of the Loyns THere is nothing which we more frequently meet with in Hippocrates and in the Practice of Physick than Pains of the Loyns whether they be primary or secondary that is to say Attendants of other Diseases which are oftentimes neglected by Physitians as Symptomatical unless they be very stubborn and solitary without a Feaver The Causes of which pains are not accurately enough declared neither is their Cure sufficiently explained by al Practitioners This knot I shal endeavor to unty and illustrate The parts therefore of the A muster of such parts as are in the loyns lower Belly being demonstrated and the Guts taken away we shal see the Loyns a T. 10. f. 1. T. 14. all the Tabl. â–¡ covered with Muscles both within and without and fleshy b T. 10. f. 7. H H. â–¡ portions of the Midrif reaching down to the Os Sacrum and the Trunk of the Vena c T. 12. f. 1. c. â–¡ Cava descendent also the d T. 12. f. 4. C. â–¡ Aorta and the two e T. 5. f. 5. B C. â–¡ e T. 5. f. 5 B C. â–¡ Kidneys And if you shal cal to mind the cleaving of the Mesentery to the Loyns and shal observe the Lumbary or Loyn f T. 12. f. 1. a a. â–¡ f T. 12. f. 1. a a. â–¡ Veins produced from the Trunk of the Vena Cava and the Arteries proceeding from the g T. 12. f. 4. C. â–¡ g T. 12. f. 4. a a. â–¡ Aorta both conveighed into the holes of the Vertebra's as far as the marrow of the Back Al these things being diligently viewed and considered wil give great light to our Consultation Galen complains in his Commentary upon Text 7. of the Second Book of Proâ—heticks and upon Text 8. of the Third Book of the same Work of the Obscurity of the pains of the Loyns because of the Ignorance of those Parts which compound and work upon the Loines yet some causes he assignes of those pains and Ludovicus Duretus that same sublime Interpreter of Hippocrates has added others but they have not assigned all I wil therefore do my endeavour to clear this point And in the first place it is fit to take notice that this pain is by the Greeks called The Name with its Elymology in one word Osphualgia the Latines term it Lumbago and he that is made weak by pain in his Loins is called Elumbis vel Elumbatus disloined or unloined In the French 't is termed Erne as it were a Rene from the Kidney which lies in the Loines and when the pain arises from a Convulsion of the Fibres the common people say their Kidneys are torn in sunder If this pain of the Loins be eased with Clysters the Humors being emptied which were shut up in the Guts or Mesentery the Common People say that their Reins or Kidneys are wel dis-burthened Now that our enquiry touching pains of the Loins may be clear and Methodical The Authors Method it is necessary in the first place to distinguish the Parts constituting the Loins which are pained and the bordering Parts which as efficient Causes do give occasion to those pains not neglecting the more remote Parts Then we shal enquire into the common internal and external Causes of those pains and to sum up al in a word we shall consider the Parts which send the Humor and the Parts which receive the same The Parts therefore which make up the Loines and are the subject of the pains Parts which constitute the Loins and Are the subjects of Pains are these The a T. 1. f. 2. B B. â–¡ Skin with the b f. 2. D D. â–¡ fleshy Membrane the c T. 10. and 14. c. â–¡ Muscles which are spread upon the five d T. 2. f. 1. â–¡ Vertebraes both without and within with the e f. 5. and 6 â–¡ Os Sacrum Within the f f. 2. a. â–¡ Cavities of the Vertebraes the Marrow of the back with its Membranes and a numerous company of g T. 18. f. 5. 11. 14. â–¡ branches of Nerves and the Membranous Ligaments which knit the Vertebra's one unto another Also we must observe how the h f. 5. A. â–¡ Marrow of the back is in the Loins parted into an innumerable company of i f. 5. o. â–¡ threads like an Horse-Tail and that the whol Back-bone is moved in the Loines by an Articulation of the first Vertebra of the Loines with the last Vertebra of the Back They are deceived who think that by the word Loins Hippocrates understands only the Parts included viz. The k T. 18. f. 5. II. o. T. 3. f. 8 o. p. c. Nerves the a T. 10. f. 2. T. 14. â–¡ Muscles of the Loins the Spinal b T. 18. f. 5. A. â–¡ Marrow with its Membranes and the c T. 5. f. 1. B C. f. 2. C D. â–¡ Kidneys for besides al these Hippocrates comprehends under the term Loins the d f. 1. D. f. 2. F. â–¡ great Vein and e f. 1. E. f. 2. G. â–¡ Artery and the f f. 1. H I. f. 2. L L. N N. â–¡ Spermatick Vessels and the g f. 2. H I. a a. b b. c. â–¡ Vessels of the Kidneys the h f. 7. F F. T. 12. f. 1. and 4. ζ ζ c. â–¡ Bladder the i T. 7. f. 1. X X V V. â–¡ Womb the k T. 4. f. 6. II. â–¡ Hemorrhoides and the thick l T. 3. f. 4. I K M. â–¡ Guts But I would fain see the places which severally demonstrate those Parts Now the neighbouring Parts which are able to hurt the Loins by reason of their Parts bordering upon the Loins which are The special Causes of their Pains nearness or heavyness or by disburthening their Humors into them are the Mesentery m f. L A A. c. â–¡ which is knit unto the Loins the lower Part of the n f. 4. K. â–¡ Gut Colon the two o T. 5. f. 1. B C. f. 2. C D. â–¡ Kidnys which touch upon and cleave unto the Loins by their p f. 2. A A. â–¡ fatty Membrane the Trunks of q f. 1. D. f. 2. F. â–¡ Vena Cava and r f. 1. E. f. 2. G. â–¡ Aorta which are spread along in the Loines and the Vessels springing out of them which are propagated into the Muscles of the Loins and the Back-bone Of which sort are the Veins and Arteries of the s T. 12. f. 1. and 4. α α α. â–¡ Loins alâ—o the Haemorrhoid t T. 4. f. 6. I I. â–¡ Veins which pass down al a long the Loins into the Fundament as also the u T. 6. f. 1. 2. c. â–¡
Spermatick Vessels which swel with Spermatick Humor which in their progress do send branches unto the Loines In Women the x T. 7. f 1. d f. 2. R T c. â–¡ Womb with its y f. 2. Q Q. S S. â–¡ Ligaments and z f. 2. o o. f. 4. A A. â–¡ Testicles may hurt the Loins but especialy in a Woman with Child by reason of the weight of the Womb and Child The Veins and Arteries of the Iliac α T. 12. f. 1. and 4. D D. â–¡ branches which are spread abroad through the Os Sacrum may vex the Loines The remote Parts which hurt the Loines are the a T. 4. f. 1. A B. â–¡ Liver by the Vena b f. 1. F F f. 6. the whol â–¡ Porta Remote Parts and c f. 1. G H. â–¡ Mesentery and the d T. 17. and 18. â–¡ Head whils it disburthens it self of its Superfluities into the e T. 18. f. 5. A. â–¡ Marrow of the Back according to Hippocrates in his Book de Glandulis The Humor descends through the Cavity of the Spinal Marrow as far as the Loines and it cannot easily go farther by reason that the Marrow of the Back is their divided into a f f. 5. o. â–¡ Million of Threds We must also observe the common Causes of the Pains which are frequently Common Causes of Pains found in Pains of the Loines as internal Rheumatismes or Fluxes of Humors and external by the Veins or an Humor between the Skin whith flowes from the Head betwixt the Muscles and Fleshy Membane Oftentimes the btanches of the Vena Cava and Aorta do carry a Patt of boiling and Superfluous Blood out of the greater Channels into the Loines which they Disease either in the Muscly Parts or in the Membranous Parts or in the marrow of the Back which is the Cause that a Palsie follows the Colick or an Arthritis degenerates into the Colick and the Colick is changed into the Sciatica Also outward Impostumes of the Kidneys and passions of the Gut Colon being either distended or exulcerated are Communicated to the Loines within and without in the Loines may arise Tumors Impostumes and Ulcers yea and the Loins are distorted by flux of Rheum or some swelling Their Fibres are distended by the Cramp Many times pains of the Loines are stirred up by external Causes as External Causes a fall on the Back or a Blow with a thick Stick or some other massie thing These things being premised and wel understood it is easie to explain very obscure Certain places in Hippocrates expounded places in Hippocrates touching pains of the Loines which you shal find in the Commentaries of Duretus upon the Coick Prognosticks of Hippocrates and others collected together in the Commentaries of Marinellus upon Hippocrates in the word Lumbi There are two kinds of Loine Symptomes for some are in the Loines and others spring from the Loines both of them are by Hippocrates judged to be very stubborn and hard to deal with In his Coicks he hath pronounced absolutly and without exception Such as have pains in their Loines are in a very bad condition And in the same Book Diseases which arise from pain of the Back are hard to cure And how wil you understand those places unles by a clear knowledg of the the Parts sending and Parts receiving as I declared before Certain it is if in the beginning of Diseases their be pain in the Loines with heavyness and a Feaver Blood very hot or in great plenty is contained within the greater Vessels which being more inflamed if not timely prevented may be carried into the Head or into the Lungs from whence greivous Diseases may follow In other places he does particularly explain the Causes of Lung pains If I should recite those places I should fil twenty Leaves and upwards wherefore I wil take in my Sailes and dispatch al in a word Pains of the Loines in acute Malignant Danger of these pains in Feavers Feavers or other Feavers in the beginning are dangerous for they signifie a great Tumult in the Blood and irritation of Humor within the greater Vessels which is much to be feared if a speedy course be not taken to prevent what may follow by a plentyful blood letting especially in the Feet to hinder the recourse of the blood to the upper Parts of the Chest or Head where it is wont to produce divers terrible and deadly Symptomes We ought therefore to be very fearful of pains in the Loines which persevere in Feavers although Blood have been often let because in the Region of the Belly Humors lie extreme deep which may take their course suddenly to some of the nobler Parts if they be not diligently Purged forth And therefore to cure such like pains of the Loins Hippocrates was went to Their Cure open the Veins of the Ham or Foot which is confirmed by him in his Coicks the pains of the Loins proceed from aboundance of blood there and blood-lettings that are caused by pains of the Loins are large and plentyful These things declare the necessity of blood-letting when the Loins are pained with a Feaver Purging must not be omitted that the Vault of the lower Belly being loaded with Excrements may be emptied and clensed out of Aphor. 20. Book 4. Though Hippocrates has written that such as complain of pains in their Loins are looâ—eâ— bellyed than ordinary that saying does not take away the necessity of Purging in these cases Bleeding at the Hemorrhoid Veins is good both for the Kidneis and for pains of the Loins and therefore the Hemorrhoids are to be provoked A lasting pain of the Loins without Heat or any Inflammatory disposition unless it can be discussed with Fomentations after purging blood-letting often repeated the Humor must be drawn out with Cupping-Glasses and Scarification and by Application of Vesicatories or making Issues on each side of the Back-bone also with a Bath of fresh water qualified with Herbs or by sitting in natural Baths or having their water Pumped from on high upon the Parts affected For the pains of the Loins are more vehement and stubborn if the serous matter be conteined within the Muscles as far as the Vertebras and they are yet worse and harder to be cured if they come to the Marrow of the Back But those Symptomes which are thought to arise from the Loins do not arise from the Parts which constitute or make up the Loins but from the neighbouring Parts which being spread upon the Loins do cause pain and transfer their Humors into other Parts by a quick or slow motion by the Veins and Arteries such as are Vena Cava and Aorta the Haemorrhoid Veins and the Mesaraicks Out of Galen The End of the Second Book THE THIRD BOOK OF THE ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY OF John Riolanus THE KINGS PROFESSOR OF PHYSICK Chap. 1. Of the Chest LET us proceed unto the Parts of the Chest Now the Chest
his absurd Opinion provided that he be the Bel-weather Let him no more triumph before the Victory nor let him be so secure and undaunted as not to fear Hercules himself That same new Tenent of Hofman disturbs the whol Doctrine of Diseases of the Hofmans Tenent disturbs the â—â—actice of Physick Brain and that I may declare so much I wil chuse out only two Diseases which have their Seat in the Ventricles viz. The Epilepsie and Apoplexy The Apoplexy he makes to be in the whol Substance of the brain not in the Ventricles The Epilepsie he wil have to be caused only by vapors ascending into the Head and diâ—â—â—â—ed through the whol substance of the brain He allows of no Epilepsie from a primary affection of the Head but only by Sympathy from other parts He assigns the Seat of the Apoplexy to be in the whol substance of the brain obstructed and avers that it is caused only by blood shed forth of the Veins and makes the Cause thereof to be the obstruction of the Press introduced by Nymmanus But if the Torcular or Press is obstructed which is the fourth Channel carrying blood into the Plexus Choroides the passage of the blood and Spirits is intercepted But according to Hofman in an Apoplexy only blood is found shed out of the veins within the Ventricles and therefore the Toâ—cular was not obstructed It is a certain and undoubted thing confirmed by many Experiments that in the Apoplexy the Ventricles of the brain are obstructed or there is an obstruction in the Choana or Funnel But especially the hole of the fourth ventricle which is shut with the Apophysis Scolicoides is stopped by thick and clammy Flegm sticking there which if it be not discussed or removed being evacuated through the Funnel it causeâ— death If the Matter be serous and pass into the Spinal Marrow it causes the Palsie instead of the Apoplexy and so a greater Diâ—ease is cured by a lesser the matter being translated from one place to another But if blood happen to be shed into the ventricles present death follows But if â—o be the Apoplexy should be produced by blood alone as Hofman will have it how could blood which was shed into the ventricles pass into the Nerves without putreâ—action and how could it enter into the Cavities of the Nerves In these two Diseases he hath beâ—rayed his own Ignorance although he could find no such difficulty in the falling sickness as Craâ—o acknowledged whose Wish was this Would to God I could see before I die the Essence of this Disease together with the Cure thereof rightly explained The Medicinal Consideration The brain is exercised with many kinds of Diseases with an hot cold moist Distemper Principal disâ—â—ses of the Brain Distemper with divers Humors Flegmatick Cholerick Melanchollick Sanguine and Wheyish which either do moâ—est the Membranes of the brain especially the Crassa Meninx or are diffused into the Channels thereof and being there stopped of their course they cause most acuâ—e pains or they slide into the exterior windings of the â—rain and by little and little they distil into the substance of the brain and the ventricles thereof or into the hinder part of the Head or the Petty-brain or they descend into the lowest parts of the brain If the Humor ascend by the Carotick Arteries unto the brain it may produce the same Diseases now al Diseases that are caused by consent or sympathy withouâ— matter only by evaporation are not so dangerous as if they were bred within the brain so as that the morbiâ—ick Matter should be therein contained The brain besides similar Diseases in Distemper and Laxity suffers also Diseases Obstruction of thâ— Cavities in Conformation when as according to the motion of the Moon its bulk is encreased or diminished in the Disorder of its Passages when the Channels of the Dura Meninx are obstructed especially the fourth which is called Torâ—ular or the Press which being obstructed is thought to cause the Apoplexy the passage of the Spirits to and â—ro being intercepted Which I do not beleeve because the Spirits are shed abroad into the inferior Vessels from that admiâ—able Net of Aâ—â—eâ—â—es called Rete mirabile and that same Cavity being stopped only the Plexus Choroides being defrauded of its blood is hurt The Ventricles are also obstructed especially the fourth which being sâ—opped Of the Ventricles present death follows by reason of the stoppage of that continual influx of Spirits which ought to be into the inferior parts and the Marrow of the back The Choana may likewise be obstructed which intercepts the Efflux of serous Of the Choana â—â—â—uâ—â—â—â— and Flegmaâ—ick Humors whereby flowing back into the brain they may cause the Episepâ—â—e or Apoplexy and induce divers deadly Diseases If the anterior or foremost ventricles are perforated into the Nostrils the obstructions of those passages wil be very â—uâ—â—ful to the brain A fault of evil Conformation cannot be amended exactly by strengthening and drying the brain both the fore-mentioned may be helped The brain is Inflamed not only the Meninges or Coats but somtimes also in the Siriasis proper substance thereof whence comes the Phrenzy and Siriasis or Dog day madness but not any Paraphrenitis Siriasis is termed from the Dog-Star for in the Dog-Daies chiefly it afflicts Frenzy both Boys and elder persons and therfore it comes rather from an exâ—ernal Cause as long abiding in the Sun c. than from any internal Cause as a Phrenzy comes only from an internal Cause whether it be Primary or Secondary by consent of other parts in a burning Feaver The brain may likewise swel by reason of a Commotion thereof from some internal Tumors Cause it is called Ecplexis Stupidity of the Head after a blow is a bad sign according to Hippocrates At length these Diseases bring a Sphacelism in the brain causing putrefaction corruption and mortisication Again it is subject to a waâ—ry Tumor either in its Circumference or within the Ventricles If in its Circumference it is termed Hydrocephalos or the Water-Head and at length the wheyish Humor slipping by little and little within the Ventricles causes the sleepy Disease and after it the Apoplexy And these I take to be Diseases of the brain however Fernelius has written that al the Disorders of the Head which have been observed by Experience are sympâ—omes and not Diseases But he elegantly according to his wonted fashion does divide the Symptomes Symptomes of the braâ—n Or Membranes into three Ranks with reference to the parts affected Some possess the Membranes some the Substance of the Brain and some the hollow Passages In the Pericranium and Meninges Pains are caused In the Substance of the Brain which is the Seat of the Animal chief Faculties are contained the Symptomes of Fancy and Reason depraved such as are Dotage Melancholly Ecstasies Lyncanthropy Madness Also the Symptomes of Memory abolished such as are Forgetfulness Foolishness Doltishness
the anterior Ventricles it slips into the fourth Ventricle and from thence into the Spinal Marrow and so Causes a Palsie If it be a Flegmatick Humor stopped in the fourth Ventricle or in the third it cannot be discussed and the brain is overwhelmed thereby If the blood be shed out of the vessels it suddainly suffocates In the Carus or other Sleepy Disease only the foremost Ventricles of the brain are overwhelmed with Serosities so that there is yet freedom for the spirits to pass into all Parts of the body But in an Apoplexy all the ventricles of the brain but especially the fourth are obstructed and unless the matter be discussed into the spinal Marrow Death fallows unavoidably Fernelius avouches that an Apoplexy is bred by an Obstructiou of that Rete Mirabile the afflux of Arterial blood out of the Heart into the brain being thereby intercepted Therefore they are termed Carotides because being obstructed they cause Carum or the Sleepy-Evil In the Apoplexy and Sleepy Diseases besides general Medicines as blood-letting Cure of the Apoplexy Carus and sucid like Diseases liberally twice or thrice repeted out of the Arm and foot strong Purgation of watry Humors Cupping-Glasses fixed unto the shoulders and the hinder Part of the Head Topical Remedies are not be neglected which draw and Evacuate near the Part affected such as is the opening of the Veins under the Tongue and of the external Jugular Vein and likewise of the Temporal Artery great Vesicatories applied towards the top of the shoulders to the Cephalick Vein strong Medicines to provoke Sneezing a Seton in the Neck the string being often drawn about and anointed with Oyl of Vitriol that it may bite the more and attract opening the Veins of the Nose after the manner used by the Ancients with a split Toothed Quil thrust up as far as the bottom of the Colander a sharp injection into the Nostrils Nostrils by a syring and within the furrows placed between the spaces of Os Vomeris drawing out of the Flegmatick clammy matter which sticks in the Throat and stops the Larynx but thrusting a feather far into the throat to which intent a strong vomit is good to cast forth any Humor that has flowed into the Wind-Pipe neither must we omit extream hard rubbings with salt and continual stirring of the body if it be possible All which remedies are to be applied with all possible speed one upon the Neck of another in an Apoplexy because there is danger in delay In Sleepy Diseases which proceed slowly and are caused by matter falling down from the Parts above they are more slowly administred and without Precipitation You shal observe also that a great Part of these Humors is gathered together in the turnings windings which are outmost in the upper substance of the brain which do either putrifie there or slip into the ventricles of the brain and yet these windings of the brain are not considered The Palsie is an Abolition of sence and motion not in the whol body as in the Apoplexy but only in the greatest Part of the body or in half The Palsie thereof which is termed Hemiplegia or in one Part which is called Paraplegia Fernelius observes that sence is taken away the motion remaining unhurt and somtimes motion is taken away and the sence remains because of the difference of the Nerves of the brain and the Spinal Marrow In the Palsie the Nerves of the Spinal Marrow are obstructed but those of the brain not and therefore many Parts remain unhurt especially the internal Somtimes the Palsie happens without obstruction of the Nerves because the sostning and Humectation of the Nerves brings a kind of Palsie In an imperfect Palsie when motion and sence are only dulled the Disease is Stupor termed Stupor or Nothrotis which arises from a moist distemper of the brain A Stupidity or dulness of sence and motion in a Feaver is wont to foretel a sleepy Disease to follow When it comes alone without Feaver it foretels a Palsie or an Apoplexy Vertigo is a depravation of sence and motion which makes the Patient think Vertigo that al things turn round it springs from a windy Humor which being agitated within the foremost Ventricles of the Brain causes the foresaid Apprehension of all things turning about If it Causes a darkness before the Patients Eyes it is called Vertigo Tenebricosa or Scotodinos It arises from the Brain or from vapours ascending from the inferior Parts That is worst which arises primarily from the brain and it is a fore-runner of the Falling Sickness The convulsion is a violent pulling back of the Muscles towards their Head or Convulsion beginning It is threefold Emprosthotonos when the body is bent foreward Opisthotonos when the body is drawn backward and Tetanos when both sides remain stif by reason of an equal bowing or stretching of the Muscles on both sides The Cause of a Convulsion is either an obstruction of the Nerves or their being pricked by a sharp Humor or a dry distemper which dries the Nerves and so makes them stif as a dried Lurstring this is incurable In one word all Convulsions are said to arise either from too much emptyness or over fulness An Epilepsie or Falling-sickness is a Convulsion of the whol body coming by Falling-Sickness fits and hurting the Mind and sences It is caused by an obstruction of the foremost Ventricles of the brain caused by an Abundance of sharp Humors either Cholerick or Flegmatick Either it comes from the brain Primarily affected or from some other Part sending Malignant Humors to the brain If it proceed from the brain Primarily affected it is the more dangerous if by fault of the Spleen or some other Bowel venemously infected the coming of the fits may be foreseen and prevented The former comes in a moment the latter by degrees Fernelius besides the Humor which is the common Cause accounts the peculiar Cause to be a venemous Air or vapour which is exceeding hurtful to the brain and therefore he conceives it must be cured with specificks and appropriate Remedies as wel as those vulgar ones Trembling is a depravation of Motion through weakness It is caused by the Trembling weakness of the motive faculty and the bodies heavyness So that look how much the motive faculty endeavours to lift up the Member so much does the heavyness of the said Member not sufficiently illustrated with spirits press it down again And therefore it arises from obstruction of the Nerves or from their being over-much softened or from some external Cause as by anointing with Quick-silver or other Application thereof There is a certain mixture of the Convulsion and tremblings which is called Spasmo-Tromois Shivering and shaking are motions of the body which happen in Feavers and Shivering and Shaking they are forerunners of the fits of Agues or of the Exacerbations of Feavers They happen also to such as have ripe Impostumes when the Impostum
is ready to break And therefore Hippocrates observes a threefold Shaking-fit the one feaverish the other Ulcerous and the last Symptomatical Unquietness Anxiety tumbling and tossing of the body this way and that way Tumbling and Tossing called by the Greekes Asse is a depravation of motion which proceeds from a misaffection of the Stomach by reason of a sharp Humor Nettling and Stinging the Nerves of the body or the Membranes of the Back-bones Marrow Which makes that the Sick cannot rest in one place or posture but are forced every foot to change place and tumble here and there and to change the posture of their Bodies Night-walking ought to be reckoned among the Symptomes of motion depraved Walking in ones Sleep because it is not preformed by Judgment and Reason but by force of a Disease namely of sharp Fumes which compel the Sick person or the healthy to rise up and walk in their Sleep I proceed to the Irregularity of the Excrements The proper excretion of the Symptomes of things voided forth brain is either an Exhalation of a thin Vapour by the seames of the Scul or the pores of the Skin or it is an Efflux of a thick Humor by the Nostrils and Palate of the Mouth The Disproportion of this Excretion consists either in excess ot defect That in defect has no Name but it degenerates into a Cause of Diseases of the brain of which we have already spoken The disproportion in Excess is various either when blood does immoderatly Nose bleeding flow from the Nose or by drops Both which Symptomes are Malignant The former decaies the bodies strength by reason of the loss of blood and Spirits the latter betokens a repletion of the Head and a Vain endeavour of oppressed Nature And therefore drops of Blood coming from the Nose is bad in a Vaporous Feaver both as a Cause and as a Sign The disproportion in Excretion of a serous and Phlegmatick Humor is manyfold Catarrhs Their general Name is a Catarrh which is a distillation of Humor from the Head into the Inferior Parts from which Parts it receives divers Appellations If it fal into the Nostrils it is called Coryza or Gravedo if into the Throat Branchos Hoarsness if into the Mouth and Palate Ptyelismos or the Spawle And these three sorts of Catarrhs are vulgarly comprehended under the Name of Rheum A Catarrh falling upon the outward Parts of the body is named Rheumatismus Rheumatismus or Rheumaticus affectus the Rheumatick Pains If it fal upon the Joynts it resembles the Gout save that it comes not by fits wherefore an Eunuch may suffer upon the Rheumatick pains but not the true Gout See Galens Comment upon that Aphorisme Boys and Eunuchs are not troubled with the Gout Galen makes frequent mention of the Rheumatick Disease which was common at Rome as it is with us in Paris in his Second Book to Glauco in his Book of Blood-letting against Erasistratus c. This Disease he cured by liberal Bloodletting It is described by Hippocrates in his Book of the internal Diseases under the Name of a Joynt-pain which is wont to trouble young People more than Aged The other differences of Catarhs with Reference to the diversity of Parts on which they fal are Vain It suffices to know that al Fluxions upon internal Parts are called likewise Rheums The Cause of a Catarrh or Flux of Rheum is a cold and moist distemper or an hot distemper with an abundance of Humors working in the Vessels or without Galen acknowledges both these Causes in his Comment upon the 24. Aphor. Of the third Book The latter Physitians following the Doctrin of the Arabians wil have the Humor which Causes the Catarrh to be bred in the Head only without the Vessels by reason of Vapours ascending Fernelius contends that the Conjunct Cause of a Catarrh is a serous matter collected under the Skin of the Head without the Vessels and that the Antecedent Cause is an Humor shut up in the Veins If you desire to know more of this subject Read Fernelius who wil give you abundant satisfaction Chap. 3. Of the Eyes BEcause the Eye and the Ear may be demonstrated without meddling to The Eyes dissect the Face I wil dispatch these Parts before I proceed unto the Countenance The Eye the Instrument of the Sight is the principal Part of the face placed Scituations in the Fore-Part of the Head to direct the Actions of the body because al actions are directed forwards by reason of the Scituation of the Hands Seeing it is an Parts Organical Part made up of many Similar Parts some of those Parts are external and some internal The external are the a T. 19. f. 1. â–¡ Eye-lids which are the Coverings of the The Eye-lids Eyes wherewith they are covered shut and opened And therefore each Eye-lid is movable howbeit the motion is more evident in the upper Eye-lids and is performed by help of Muscles of which we shal treat in our fift Book containing the History of Muscles From whence the Reader may fetch what does appertain to the present occasion The Eye-lid is made up of the Skin a Membrane and muscles The Membrane It s Membrane stretched out under the Skin it produced from the Pericranium which descending by the length of the Forehead unto the Eyes is an underwofe for the Eye-brows withal makes the conjunctive Coat of the Eye which being fixed to the Brain of the Socket detaines and binds the Eye in its Hole or Cavity The Extremities of al the Eye-lids are terminated with a Cartilaginous or Tarsus Gristle edging which is called b f. 1. C C. â–¡ Tarsus whereupon one by one in a row are fastened the c f. 1. beneath B. â–¡ Hairs of the Eye-lids which are born with us and look how long they are at our Birth the same length they keep during our whol life They seldom falt of by reason of Sickness unless in a Malignant Whores-Pocks Cilia which mows down and makes wast of al the Hairs of the Body These Hairs of the Eye-lids are termed Cilia The angular Extremities of the Eye-lids meeting together are termed Anguli Corners the corners of the Eyes The one is d f. 1. by D. â–¡ greater towards the Nose the other is e f. 1. E. â–¡ lesser towards the Temples In the Eye-lids by the greater Corners are observed two little f f. 1. d d. holes which are Tear-Spouts termed Puncta Lachry malia or the Tear-Spouts because the superfluous Humidities of the Eyes or tears do flow thither and Issue out of those Holes which Humidites to receive the Glandula Lachrymalis or a T. 19. f. 1. D. â–¡ Tear-Kernel is ordained being thrust into the little perforated bone that the Humor might rather distil through this Hole into the Nostrils than fal out upon the external Parts The upper Eye-lid has a Muscle that lifts
unto the Eye are Their Vessels more easily observed within the Brain than in the Eye after it is pulled out Neither is the motive Nerve so easily detected being dispersed among the Muscles as it is within the Brain while you observe its progress even to the very Eye-hole d f. 7. B B. f. 9. B B. â–¡ The Medicinal Consideration Although the Eye be but a smal Part of the body yet is there no Part aflicted There are diuers Diseases â—…e Eyes and destroyed with more Diseases And therefore the ancient Physitians when they had diligently examined the structure thereof they observed so many and so divers disorders in its Parts as did amount to about one hundred and twenty partly Diseases and partly Symptomes and distinguished them by their Proper Names which in other Parts they did not do And Rome and Alexandria had Physitians that attended only the Cure of the Eyes In imitation of them I shall Of which some are general of the whol Eye aâ— declare the disposition against Nature happening to the Eyes And because most of the Names are Greek few of them Latin and our Chyrurgeons use them after the example of Leonardus Fuchsius in his Medicinal Institutions I wil retain and use them as Latin Names An Arabian Physition Haly by Name has writ a Book by it self of Diseases of the Eyes and there is a considerable French Book of the same Argument written by Jacobus Guillemeau the Kings Chyrurgeon unto which you may add if you please the Author of Medicinal Definitions the Book of Galen touching the differences and Causes of Symptomes and a bastard Book de Oculis attributed to him The Eye therefore is afflicted either by being encreased or diminished in its Diseases of Magnitude Quantity The Eye is diminished when it consumes for want of nourishment its Magnitude is augmented when it swels without the Eye-hole or Socket It s Scituation is changed when it fals without the Eye-hole which Disease is Of Scituation termed Ecpiesmos or if it turn to one side or another as in Squint-Eyed People and in him that saw through his nostrils and was therefore called Rhinoptis There ought to be two Eyes and therefore he that wants one is diseased in Number Number and is called Monoculus Furthermore the Eye is troubled by an hot and a cold Distemper and by inflamation Distemper c. of the whol body which by putrefaction of the Humors is turned into an Impostume It is somtimes Ulcerated whence the Eye becomes spoiled and the sight diminished And in case an Inflamation of the whol Eye turn to Suppuration which is called Hypopyon and transparent matter be collected under the Cornea Tunica shewing that the other Humors are not putrified there is hopes the Patient may recover sight the quittor being let out by pricking the Cornea which is happily practised at Paris and so with the Quittor a watery Humor is let out as in the couching of a Cataract Besides these general Diseases al the Parts whereof the Eye is made up have â— Special Diseases of other Parts their Diseases and Symptomes which I will particularly and briefly explain beginning at the Eye-Lids Eye-Lids Diseases as Emphysema Hydatis A moist distemper of the Eye-Lids with wind or a flatulent Spirit is called Emphysema With much Wheyish Humors it s termed Hydatis and by Celsus Vesica and Aquula which does so load and depress the upper Eye-Lid that it cannot be lifted up An hot distemper of the Eye-Lid Joyned with a thick Humor is cald Sclerophthalmia Sclerophthalmia Xerophthalmia Psorophthalima Hard-eyedness A dry distemper without Humors is Xerophthalmia if it cause Itching Psorophthalmia Unto which may be referred the Phthiriasis or Lowsie-Evil of the Eye lid If the said said hot and dry distemper Joyned with a sharp Humor do cause Redness pain and falling of the Hairs it is called Ptilosis Milphosis or Madarrhosis Ptilosis If it make the Inside of the Eye-Lid rough its called Tracoma which if it be Tracoma Sycosis Tulosis Crithe Chalasionâ— great so as to resemble the smal Seeds that are in Figs it s cald Sycosis if it be hard and of long Continuance its Name is Tulosis A little Tumor upon the upper Eye-Lid springing from a thick Homor is called Crithe the Barly-Corn If it be greater and movable because of its likeness to hail it called Chalasion the Hail-Stone A Disease of the Eye-Lids in Contiguity is when the Eye-Lids stick unto the Anchiloblepharon Coat of the Eye or to one another which Disease is called Anchiloblepharon the cause whereof is an exulceration of the Coat or the Eyes or the Eye Lids the exulceration being caused by an hot and dry distemper with a sharp Humor Lagophthalmia is a Convulsion of the upper Eye-Lid or a drawing back thereof Lagophthalmia Ippos by reason of a Cicatrice or some seam Ippos is the trembling of the said Eye-Lid both these Symptomes come by Consent of the Brain affected and therefore they are dangerous Ectropion Inversion is a Disease of the lower Eye-lid in Scituation of Figure Ectropion it is caused by a Scar without or by an excrescence of internal Flesh Chalasis or the loolness of the Eye-Lid is caused either by a Palsie through Chalasis consent with the Nerves of the Brain or by a moist distemper of the Eye-Lid in both cases the Hairs are turned inwards The generation of the Hairs of the Eye-Lids being depraved is called Trichiasis Trichiasis Dystichiasis it is twofold when more are bredthan ordinary it s called Dystichiasis when there is a row of Hairs more than usual But when the natural Hairs are only longer and inverted t is caled Phalangosis in both these the Hairs prick the Eyes t is caused Phalangosis by a moist distemper of the EyeLids with much Humor which is not sharp Tear-Kernels Diseases The Caruncle or little bit of Flesh in the greater corner of the Eye makes a Tumor Euchantis against Nature which is called Euchantis the Diminution of the said Caruncle is termed Rhyas which causes a dropping of moisture from the Rhyas Eye Near the said Caruncle and the Nose there breeds an Impostum through Inflamation which is called Anchylops which being broken and turned into a Fistula is Anchylops Aegylops termed Aegylops The Diseases of the Muscles of the Eyes as distempers Laxity and solution of Continuity are distinguished by the Names of the Respective Symptomes Diseases of the Tunica Conjunctiva The hot distemper of the Conjunctive Coat with Humor as blood or Choler if it be light and proceeding from an external cause as the wind or dust or a blow is Taraxis called Taraxis But if it spring from an internal cause as a Plethora or Cacochymia it is termed Opththalmia When it is but beginning it is called Epiphora which is a Name Ophthalmia Epiphora common to an
Inflamation and fluxion And if the Inflamation be very great so that it hinders the coming together of the Eye-Lids and spoiles their Evenness so that the white of the Eye becomes higher than the Iris and Pupilla it is called Chemosis as much as to say Chemosis Hyposphagma Hiatus Hyposphagma is a collection of Blood under the Adnata Tunica or an effusion of blood out of the Capillary Veins into the Adnata proceeding from a blow or bruise There is a Disease of Number in the Tunica Adnata called Pterygium Pterygium and it is a certain Membranons Eminency reaching from the greater corner of the Eye to the Pupilla or a certain hard knob of the Adnata it self both springing from a moist distemper Joyned with a clammy Humor Phlyctena Phlyctena is a pustle or smal Tumor of the Adnata or the neighboring Cornea proceeding from a thick and sharp Tumor so that it terminates in an Ulcer Botrion Epicauma And if it be hollow it is called Botrion or Fossula if it be become crusty t is named Epicauma After the Ulcer follows a Scar which is the Hardness and thickness of a Spermatick Part springing from a wound or Ulcer Diseases of the Cornea Tunica The Ulcers and Scars of the Cornea Tunica have a great resemblance with the Cheloma Diseases of the Adnata in regard of neighborhood yet are they distinguished because the Ulcers and Scars in the black of the Eye that is in the transparent Part of the Cornea belong only to the Cornea such as is the Cheloma which is a broad Ulcer of the Cornea about the Iris. Argemon is a round Whitish Ulcer of the Cornea towards the Circle of the Argemon Iris. Scars in the Black of the Eye or in the Transparent Part of the Cornea do differ Albugo in the degrees of more or less The greater Scar of the Cornea about the Iris or Pupilla because of its whiteness is called Leucoma and Albugo if it be smal it is termed Nephelion or Nebula the Cloud if the Scar be thin it s called Nebula Caligo Achlys Caligo a Mist or Darkness Diseases of the Uvea Tunica The rupture and Exulceration of the Cornea is attended by a Disease of the Proptosis Vvea in Scituation which is called Proptosis Procidentia when the Vvea sticks out above the Cornea If the Extuberance of the Vvea be smal it s called Myocephalon or the Flie-Head Myocephalon Staphyloma Melon Clavus because it resembles the Head of a Flie if it be great t is termed Staphyloma because it resembles a Grap-Stone or Melon as being like an Apple If their be an inveterate Ulcer of the Cornea through which the Vvea fals out it s called Elos Clavus the Nail The Ulcers of the Cornea and Adnata if they be Malignant are termed Carcinomata Diseases of the Pupilla The hole of the Vvea is termed Pupilla the Apple of the Eye Between the Pupilla and Cornea there is a space ful of Spirit and Watry Humor There is a double Disease of that space Zinifisis springing from a dry distemper Zinifisis which consumes the Watry Humor and Dissipates the Spirit or from a wound which lets out the Watry Humor and suffers the Spirit to vanish and reek away The other Disease of the space is an Obstruction from a corrupted Flegmatick or purulent Humor If it proceed of a purulent Humor or Quittor it is called Hypopium Suffusio Hypopium if the Obstruction be caused by Flegm it s termed Hypochyma Suffusio But Hypopium followes an Inflamation and Hypochyma is caused for the most Part by a Congestion or Concretion of a thick Humor if the Disease be proper or primary and do not arise by consent from the Stomath sending Vapors up into the Eye Fernelius saw a thick and perfect Suffusion bred in one daies time for if a thick Humor suddenly falling into the Optick Nerve do blind a man in a moment why may not the same Humor falling lower into the Pupilla breed a sudden and perfect Suffusion The narrowness of the Pupilla springs either from the first formation in the Corrugatio Womb or from a dry distemper and then it is called Phthisis or Corrugatio Galen writes that a smal Pupilla from from ones Birth is occasion of a very sharp sight but when it happnes a whil after t is bad In his first Book of the Causes of Symptomes Chap. 2. The Dilatation of the Pupilla is called Mydriasis or Platu-Corie It springs Mydriasis from a moist distemper or from a Rupture or by breach of Continuity caused by a blow Diseases of the Chrystallin and Glassie Humor Diseases of the Vitreous and Chrystallin Humors are either a distemper simple Distemper or with Humors conjoyned or such as happen in the consistence of the said Humors viz. Thickness and hardness The distemper of the Humors and Coats of the Eye if it happen without a Tumor or an Ulcer is commonly attributed to the weakness of the Faculty and the quality and quantity of the spirits being misaffected but neither of these is a Disease they are rather effects of a Disease for what is the weakness of a faculty other than Actio laesa the action hurt Thickness of the Spirits is caused by a cold and moist distemperature either proper Thinness of the Spirits Their Paucity to the Eye or by consent with the brain or some inferior Parts Paucity of Spirits comes from a dry distemper either of the Eye or the brain the Cause and fomenter of which distemper may be a Cholerick Humor not purged out of the body being the cause and Effect of a distempered Liver The thickness and hardness of the Chrystallip Humor is properly termed Glaucosis Glaucoma or Glaucoma because the color thereof resembles that of an Owles Eyes it proceeds from a cold and dry distemper and is therefore familiar to aged Persons The Disease of the Chrystalline Humor in respect of its Scituation has no name but if it be somwhat higher and flatter than ordinary it produces a Symptome whereby all things appear double The watry Humor may run out by a prick in the Eye but it is bred again in Running out of the watry Humor Thickness of the Visive spirit Children as Galen saw by experience and as we may observe in Chickens The Visive or seeing Spirit implanted in the Eye may become thick and surround the Chrystalline Humor with darkness and obscurity as the implanted Hearing-Spirit of the Ear being rendred thick does cause deafness or thickness of Hearing Diseases of the Optick Nerve The Optick Nerve may be troubled with any kind of distemper and with solution Obstruction of continuity but the proper and usual Disease thereof is Obstruction which is known by a sudden blindness the other Parts of the Eye being al sound which made the Neotericks cal this Disease Gutta Serena and
and putrefaction which proceeds from a common or extraordinary Cause such as is the Venereal Pox. Exostosis or a swelled knot upon a bone which arises from the foresaid Causes Exostosis Kedmata mentioned by Hippocrates which are Chronical Diseases proceeding Kedmata from defluxions common to al Joynts but especially infesting the Hip-bone Of these kind of Diseases â—ead the Medicinal Definitions of Gorraeus and Foesius in his Oeconomia Hippocratis Of kin to this is Paracelsus his Synovia or Hydarthrosis which is a continual Hydarthrosis Flux of wheyish or blood-watry Humor out of exulcerated Joynts especially if the Nerves or Ligaments be Diseased Hildanus in a peculiar Book on this Subject proves that this Disease Synovia which was first so called by Paracelsus is the same with that Disease which is termed Meliceria by Cornelius Celsus Lib. 5. Cap. 26. A sure thing it is that the bones being diseased do drop blood and Galen observed as much The bones are likewise subject to Fracture or breaking and Luxation Dislocation Fracture or disjoynting Now a Fracture of a bone is a Division made in a bone by some external Cause cutting or bruising the same There are two sorts of Fractures a straight one and an oblique or crooked Its kinds one The former is according to the length of the bone or overthwart The latter or oblique is if we beleeve Galen too curiously differenced by the latter Physicians which have succeeded Hippocrates for it is said to be Nailfashioned when the Fracture is partly straight and partly circular another sort is called Alphiâ—â—edon when the bone is broken all to shivers Another sort there is which is called Apotrausis or Detractio whereby a Fragment of the bone is so taken away that there remains a mark in the surface of the Bone Another sort of Fracture Hippocrates mentions which he cals Apoclasma and Galen terms Hapagma when a bone is broken there where it is joyned with another bone Luxation or Disjoynting is a Disease of the bone in Scituation when it is removed Luxation out of its place There is a two fold Luxation or disjoynting of a bone the one compleat when the Head of the bone is slipt out of its socket and this is called Exarthrema a being out of Joynt The other is Incompleat and termed Pararthrema when the bone is in some Its sorts measure only removed and lengthened as it were which is mostly seen in the subluxation of the Thigh In an Exarthrema the Leg seems shorter than it was wont to be in a Pararthrema it seems longer than usual The Causes of Luxation and Subluxation that is to say of perfect and imperfect Causes disjoynting of any Member are external or internal The External are a blow a violent distorsion or wrenching a fall and extension of a Member The Internal causes are a thin Humor which does relax the Ligaments or a thick Humor which by little and little fils the Cavity of the Joynt and at last thrusts out the bone by reason of an Anchylosis which is bred Now Anchylosis is a fault in the Articulation of bones whereby the Cavity of Anchylosis a bone which ought to receive the Head of another bone is filled up be it what kind of Articulation it may be either Enarthrosis Arthrodia or Gynglymos Hereupon the bone thus diseased either is held bowed in or remains stretched out and stiff And in case without the foresaid Anchylosis the Tendons of the one side shal in the Limbs be cut in sunder the straight or crooked bones do no longer serve to bend or stretch out the said Limbs Chap. 6. Of the Bones of the Skull HAving diligently considered the Articulations or joyntings of the Bones one Things to be observed principally unto another let us now take notice what is observable in every particular bone being fresh which is not to be seen in the Skeleton or in dried bones I will proceed from Head to Foot according as I am wont to do in my Dissection and Demonstration of these parts Now my Demonstration of the bones is two-fold the one I call Osteotome or Bone-Dissection in which the bones are separated each from other the other I term Ossifragium in which the bones are broken that their inner structure may be discerned And in the first place let us contemplate the two-fold Table of the Skull or Two-fold plate the double Skul-board which is thinner in Women than it is in Men. The uppermore is thicker and harder and more smoothly polished than the neather but the lower is rough and furrowed as it were that it might afford place for those Vessels which creep along the Dura Mater from which some notable Vessels arise which by the Ears do insinuate themselves between those two plates or boards of the Skull for to irrigate the intermediate space Now that same intermediate space is a certain spongy Substance which receives Intermediate space and contains a Marrowy Juyce serving for the nutriment of those bones The which Marrowy Juyce is reddish by reason of blood flowing out of the smal Veins scituate in those parts which is wont â—hen to flow out when the Skul of a living man is boared through with a Wimble or other boaring Instrument Now the Skull according to Hippocrates in his Book de Vulneribus Capitis is double in the Why the Skull is double middle of the Head that is to say hollow between two plates and boards that it might contain a Marrowy Juyce to nourish the bones Hippocrates adds The whol Head a smal part excepted resembles a spunge ful of smal Caruncles or little bits of flesh which if you press and squeeze with your finger you shal perceive blood to drop out of them also you shal see smal Veins running up and down which abound with blood Out of the foresaid Caruncles being bruised with a vehement blow the blood is squeezed which putrifying does corrupt the bone which in the mean while appears sound on the out side but the Sanies sweating out from the inner plate or Skul-board does corrupt and putreâ—â—e the very â—rain it self And if so he when the Skul is razed you see blood come forth do not therefore conclude that the Fracture penetrates the inner plate because that blood flows out of the space which is between the two plates or boards of the Skul That same spungy Hypersarcosis or breeding of proud flesh which grows up in Proud flesh in Head-wounds whence it proceeds wounds of the Head is bred out of the foresaid Duplicature of the Skul-bone as Hippocrates has observed Touching the Fungous Excrescences of the brain whether they are bred from the broken bone or from the Dura Mater see Sennertus in the first Book of his Practice But Hippocrates his Caruncles are vainly sought for in this intermediate space whatever Fallopius pleads to the contrary in his Book of the Wounds of the Head unless a man would
Pomgranate as resembling the flower of that Apple Galen conceives that it is placed there to defend the stomach and the Septum It s Vse Transversum But because the stomach is far distant there from it seemes to be framed only for the midtifs sake or rather to hold up the Liver fastened thereto by a ligament Amatus Lusitanus in the 95. Cure of his fift Centure observes that the Cartilago It s Hole Xiphoides is bored through for perspirations sake that the filthy vapors of the the stomach might by that hole breath out which is a simple Conceit For unless the Cartilage is bipartiâ—e it is perforated to give passage for the vena mammaria interna and in wounds if there be no hole in the Brest-bone it is found in the Cartilago Xyphoides This Cartilage being preâ—sed down and crooked in does so hurt the Liver being It s crooking seated beneath it that infants are by that means killed with an Atrophy or Consumption and in growen persons it â—auâ—es perpetual vomiting until it is reduced to a natural posture Chap. 15. Of the Ribbs Every Rib does consist of a twofold substance the one of which is a T. 8. f. 2. 1. 2. 3. c. â–¡ boâ—y which Twofold substance of the Ribbs makes up the greatest part â—â— of the Rib the other is b T. 8. f. 2. C C. â–¡ gristlâ—e of unequal length which is joined to the Brest-bone by that sort oâ— Articulation which is called Arthrodia that in the â—â—seing and falling of the Chest it may yeild more easily But they have another aâ—â—â—culation with the vertebras of the Back-bone which is twofold in every Rib. Now there are seven which are called true and perfect Ribs because they are The true Ribs joyned to the Brest-bone by way of Arthrodâ—a unto which sometimes an eighth is added which has been found more than once in the dissection of some bodies being fastened to the Rooâ—e of the Cartilago mucroâ—ata And â—his is the Cause why Aristotle whom Plinie thought it no disparagement to imitate has reckoned up sixteen true Ribs The five lower are called d T. 8. f. 2. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Bastard and Imperfect Ribs because they do not The Bastard Ribs reach unto the Brest-bone but are terminated in a long Cartilage which is reversed upwards and so grov one unto another c T. 8. f. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. â–¡ Chap. 16. Of the Back-Bone The Musculous flesh wherewith the Back-bone is covered being removed its admirable The shape of the Back-bone figure is eâ—silâ— discerned which is partly streight and partly oblique somtimes bending inward and sometimes outward which Hippocrates first discovered and Duretus Hippocrates his Ghost has described in Coacis Every where between two vertebras a thick cartilage is placed in the middle The Gristles of the Vertebrasâ— like glue Galen â—â— his Booke de Ossibus writes that it is an hard and in some sort Gristlie Ligament All the vertebrae oâ— turning Joynts of the Back are covered on the outside with Their Membranes an hard membrane and within they have a strong membranous ligament drawen a long from the higâ—est vertebra as low as to the Os sacrum which is there placed and wrapped about besides two other membranes to defend and preserve the spinal Marrow I have often found in bodies that were hanged and burnt and have been informed A fable of the Cabalists touching a bone which they cal Luz by the Executioner that it is a ridiculous fable which the Cabalists relate of a certaine Vertebra viz. that in the Back is found a certaine Vertebra which they have termed Luz out of which as from a seed the Bones shal be regenerated and spring up at the General Resurrection This Bone Luz â—o called Cornelius Agrippa and Vesalius wil have to be in the foote Howbeit Hieronymus Magius in his sift Book de Exustione Mundi relates that Adrianus learned experimentally of Rabbi Joshua Ben Anime that the foresaid Bone is one of the Vertebra's of the Back For he found in the Back bone one bone that a milstoneturning upon it would not breake the fire could not burne it the water would not dissolve it and at last being layed upon an Anvil and smitten with a sledge or smiths-hammer it was so far from being broken in the least that the Anvil was crackt and the sledge broken the Bone receiveing in the meane while no detriment Which is as false as false can be For all the Vertebrae may be broken in peices burnt and reduced to ashes Whence we may judge what credit is to be given to the Cabalists who in things manifest do so impudently mock and abuse us If Aristotle had observed the structure of the eleventh or twelfth vertebras he The structure of the Loines would not have written in his third Book de part Anima That the Back is fleshy but the Loines without flesh because the Bending-places of al parts are voide of flesh But the Loines are more fleshy than the Back But the Articulation of the twelfth vertebra is different from al the rest being the Cause of all Motion which is performed thereupon for both above and beneath it receives and is not received as is observed in other Articulations of the Vertebrae From the Loines you shal descend to the Coccyx or Crupper-Bone and you shal observe its structure consisting of three bones its spungy reddish substance and Crupper bone triangular shape Which Part we read does in some Nations sprout out like a taile Pliny records in the 22. the Chapter of his seventh Book that in India there is a race of Men that have hairie tailes and are incredible swift And Paulus venetus in the 28 Chap. of the fift Book of his Travells does avouch that in the Kingdom of Lambri there are men that have tailes like doggs a span long who dwel not in Cities but in the Mountaines The Nubiensian Arabick Geographie mentions a tailed Nation in an Island of the Eastern seas which is called Namaneg Page 70. I suppose that it is but a fable which Historians relate touching the Kentish-long-tailes in England how that God to revenge the Injury done to Tho. Becket the Archbishop of Canterbury caused Tailes to sprout out of the Kentish Crupperbones When the Crupper-bone suffers a Luxation inwards a man cannot according to Avicen draw his Ankles towards his buttocks neither can he bend his Hams which is confirmed by the Experience of Ambrosius Pareus This Impediment is caused by compression of a very thick nerve seated on the hind-side of the Leg which creeps along neare the Crupper-bone The said bone is easily reduced by a mans finger put into the fundament In the next place you shal fal to dissect the Vertebras of the back that you may contemplate the admirable fabrick of the spinal Marrow wiz how in the extreem The way to dissect the verâ—â—a's
the wrist and to this bone the Muscle Cubiteus flex or carpi does adhere The three wristbones of the first order being joyned together do make a cavity Their Articulation which receives two Bones of the second order which being joyned one with another do make the joints Head whence you may know that the first order is obscurely moved with the second and that c the articulation is by way of Arthrodia and in a dead body having taken away the tendons you may discover this motion The rest of the wrist bones being articulated with the Metacarpium do cause no motion at al or a very obscure one It is very rare to find nine bones in the wrist howbeit some have found so many Chap. 19. Of the Metacarpium Fingers and Sesamoidean Bones After the wrist followes the b T. 21. f. 1. H H. f. 2. G. Metacarpium which is framed of five bones if we beleive â—elsus and Rufftus whom Plinie does favour when he attributes only two joints unto the thumb Lib. 11. Cap. 43. Galen does better who separates the first bone of the a T. 21. f. 1. G G. f. 2. H. â–¡ Thumbe from the Metacarpium Of how many Bones the Metacarpium consists because it is joined to the wrist by an Arthrodial diarthrosis with evident motion But the bones of the metacarpium are articulated to the wrist by way of synarthrosis without motion Ad hereunto that this bone is shorter than the bones of Metacarpium is not conterminous to them has a contrary situation and a different motion For the Thumb is termed pollex a pollendo because it alone is equivalent to the The Bones of the Thumb other four fingers That it might be strong and substantial it was requisite that it should have three bones that it might performe manifest and strong motions it has peculiar muscles and they are affixed unto the first Bone When the Athenians would render the Aeginetae their emulators wholy unfit for warfare and Navigation they cut their Thumbs of And we cal such as are casheired for their cowardize Polletrunci thumb-les companions They were by the antients in way of merriment termed Murci The Metacarpium therefore is compounded only of four bones two of which are immoveable the other two which are under the ring finger are manifestly moved In that same space where the Thumb is joyned to the Brachialis there is a certaine cavity in which the Arabian Cautery was usually celebrated which is largely and elegantly described by Gesnerus in his Appendix to the Art of Chirurgery And it is no wonder if some at this day undertake to cure the venereal pox by applying mercurial water to this part which eaâ—es through the skin and peâ—ces so deep as to flux the patient In the hollw of the hand a transverse ligament is observed which connects the The Ligaments of the Hand The Sesamoidean Bones row of fingers to the bones of the Metacarpium Within the palme of the Hand you shal find divers Sinewy-Ligaments There are a few sesamoidean bones found in the Inside of the Hand There are none in the outside They are found hidden among the first jointings of the fingers The Thumb in its second and third joint has some sesamoidean bones in the first joint it has none Now to find the sesamoidean Bones either in the hand or foot you shal this do The way to find those Bones You shal so cut out the tendons that stretch out the fingers that you be careful not to take away the cartilages of the joints which are under them which may seeme to be the sesamoidean bones Under these tendons most frequently in the hand especially in hard bodies you shal perceive a certaine hardness sometimes gristlie sometimes bony Then you shal cut crosswise the Ligaments of al the joints until you make them appeare their inside in the hand their outside in the foote in which side you shal find the sesamoidean bones haveing first cut asunder the ligaments wherewith they are infolded or drawing them a little back upwards towards the roots of the fingers Chap. 20. Of the Os a T. 2. f. 3. 4. A. c. T. 21. f. 2. A. â–¡ Ilium and b T. 21. f. 1. K. f. 2. C. â–¡ Thigh-bone From the Armes you shal proceed unto the Inferior Limbs Their Ligaments Between the Os sacrum and the Tuberous bunching out of the Ischium there intercedes a Great and strong Ligament Beneath the seame or growing together of the share-bone there is another Ligament stretched out And a c T. 21. f. 7. a a. â–¡ T. 21. f. 7. b. â–¡ circular Ligament comprehends the Articulation of the Thigh with the socket of Os Ischij which being cut away another d Ligament somwhat long and bloody appeares The said bloodyness is caused by reason of Certaine little veines which creepe through the Acetabulum of the Huckle-bone That same Ligament which is brought out of the top of the thigh-bone is fastened and strongly driven into a cleft which is in the foreside of the Acetabulum which being relaxed and drawn from its place there fals out such an halting as is incurable in which the Thigh though perfectly put in Joint will still stip out again That same tabes Coxaria Pâ—â—isis ischiadica mentioned by Hippocrates in his Consumption of the Hip. Book De morbo Sacro and elswhere it is worth youre observation when by reason of an Impostume or a fluxion into the Hip-bones Cavity of Acetabulum the Ligaments cotrupt and putrify and the Hip grows lank and leane It was an ingenious observation of Hippocrates all Bones vitiated cease to grow if the part containing be corrupted it infects the part contained wherefore if the Huckle-bone be corrupted the Thigh-bone cannot remain untainted which disease I have often observed The oval hole of the a T 2. f 3. 4. B. â–¡ Huckle-bone called thuroides from its resemblance of a The ovall hole of the Huckle-bone door is ascribed unto the share It was contrived for lightnes sake and is exactly covered with an hard membrane which does sever the Musculos obturatores which rest on either side thereupon That is false which Aristotle has written in his fourth Book of the Live-wights Chap. 10. that no four footed Beast has Huckle-Bones The natural shape of the hip In the Thigh-bone you shall observe the b T 21. f 1. K. f 3. G. shape thereof bunching out on the foreside and saddle-fashiond behind for the convenience of sitting and firme walking Which figure Hippocrates observs in his Book of fractures and advises when this bone is broken that care be taken to preserve the same For such whose Thigh-bone is streighter than it ought to be are crook-legd and are same in their knee and they cannot stand nor goe with-out trembling But they whose thigh-bones are very crooked they stand more firmly either on one Leg or on both than they who
have streight thigh-bones The Neck of the Thigh-bone is somwhat long-fashioned and oblique that it The Neck of the Thigh-bone why long-fashioned may pass along the tendon of the Rotator Infernus But Galen supposes it was made for that end viz. to leave space for muscles which were to be placed in the lower part and for great Veins Arteries nervs and kernels which are quartered neare the divisions of the Vessels They whose Thigh-bone is shorter-necked than ordinary have their groins narrow and compressed and when they walk are constrained to halt on one side and are termed Vatii so sais Galen in his third Book de Vsu Partium For the Thigh-bone does contribute much to the rectitude and stability of the Body by that same oblique Longitude of its Neck whence the cause may be given why men naturally halt to the one side or the other or to both sides their Feet and Legs being of equal length which no man yet assigned nor observed The lower end of the Thigh-bone Joind to the Leg is termed the Knee which is Ligaments of the Knee fastned by a two-fold ligament One of them is b circular and compasses both the Bones round about The other being c placed between the two bones is somwhat Long-fashioned and bloodyish through neighbourhood of such veins as descend through the Ham into the Leg it arises from the middle-space of the knobs of the Thigh-bone and is inserted into the middle Eminency of the Knobs of the shank Sick people often speak of this Ligament when they talk of a burning heat in their Knees Upon the Knobs of the shank-bone two semicircular Gristles are fastened which hold the same Knobs more stable that they may not swerve in violent motions and contorsions of the thigh See Galen touching the of the shank-bone in its Articulation with the Thigh-bone Lib. 2. de fracturis That Part which is opposite to the knee behind is termed Poples the Ham being The void space in the Ham. empty and void The Uessells which pass that way being removed an empty space is observed interposed between the two knobs which Pliny seems to have understood in the 45. Chapt. of the. 11. Book of his Natural History In the knee it self the conjunction of both as well the right as the left is on the foreside double it should be on the hinder side there is a certain emptiness like cheeks which being perced the spirit flâ—es out as from a Cut Throat Wherefore I have alwaies observed the wounds of the Ham to be deadly not only Why wounds in the Ham are deadly for the dissipation of the spirit but also by reason of cutting assunder such remarkable vessels viz. Veines Atteries and nerves which creepe through that hinder part of the thigh which being cut inevitable death follows The society and sympathy between the knees and Cheeks is wonderful which is Whence proceds that sympathy which is between the knees and the cheeks described by the Author of that Book De Ordine Membrorum which is falâ—ely ascribed to Galen How that the knees being affected and afflicted the eyes condole and weepe by reason of that old acquaintance of the knees and eyes or Eye lids in the womb where the child touches its Eyes and Sustaines them with its knees Chap. 21. Of the Patella Upon the Articulation of the thigh and leg a smal bone is placed which they It s connexion call a T. 21. f. 1. LL. â–¡ Mola or Patella the whirle bone of the Knee It growes unto the knee not fastened by any Ligaments but only being a T. 21. f. 8. d. â–¡ glewed to the tendons of the muscles of the shanke it is so held close upon the knee If you take a diligent view you shal observe a Ligament somewhat bloody which It s use does firmely knit and bâ—nd the Patella to the hard fat which is palced beneath The office of this bone is to defend the joint to guard the bowing and bending of the Part and to render the motion more facil for it hinders the extension of the leg from passing out of a right line and when we sit with our knees bent it keepes the thigh from luxation forward And because the whole Body inclâ—nes forward it hinders us from falling when we go downe a steepe Hil. This Galen found by experience in a certaine young man that was a wrastler in whom as he was wrastling the Patella was disjointed and did aâ—câ—nd towards the thighbone whereupon two inconveniences followed viz. a dangerous bending in his knee and a trouble in going down Hil and therefore he could not go down hil without a staf Paraeus observes in the 22. Chapter of his 14 Book that he never saw anie that had the Patella broken but they halted I have seen such whose Patella was luxated and drawn upwards who could not so easily go up hil and down-hill as formerly Notwithstanding Vesalius in his Surgery denies that the Patella confers any thing Vesalius his opinion touching the use of the Patella to the firmnes of the joint and that a man does halt when it is broken or taken out as he avers he had found by many examples only he saies it is placed upon the knee for to defend and secure the joint And he goes not much from the same opinion in his Anatomy where he saies it performes the same office in the knee which the Sesemoidean bones do in other joints Hippocrates in his book de locis in Homine assignes another use of this Bone namely to prohibit moisture from descending out of the flesh into such a loose joint as the knee is Seeing thereâ—ore the Necessity of the Patella is so graeat I conceive it is but a fable which is reported of the Thebans who that they might be able to run more swiftly took certaine Bones out of their knees Yet there have bin found about Nova Zembla certaine Pigmies or little Men who could bend their knees backward and forward and were so swift of foot that none could overtake them if we give credit to the relations of seafaring Men. Chap. 22. Of the Tibia and Fibula The Tibia has two Bones the one a T. 21. f. 1. M. f. 4. D. â–¡ larger and more inward which â—eaâ—â—s the The rason of these names name of the whole the other is smaller and more external called b T. 21. f. 1. N. f. 4. E. â–¡ Fibula But Perone which is rendred fibula does signifie two things in Hippocrates the whole Fibula and appendix of that bone as Galen expounds it in his Interpretation of the words of Hippocrates It is termed Perone from peiro which signifies to boare or thrust through T is called Fibula in Latine from the Greek word phible which signifies smal and lank howbeit in Latine writers of Architecture certaine beames or joices of wood placed to give strength to other parts of the building are termed Fibule
and blockishness Symptomes consisting Or in the Cavities and passages in the Cavities and passages are very many appertaining to Sence and Motion and to sleeping and waking as dead sleep sleeping Trance Sympâ—omes of Motion are Walking in ones sleep to be taken stiff as it were blasted or Planet-struck the Night-Mare Convulsion Falling-sickness Unquietness and tumbling Sâ—ivering Shaking Trembling Palsies Feebleness of the Limbs and Apoplexy Symptomes in the undue proportion of what should be voided forth do belong Symptomes of the Membranes Pain to the passages and Cavities as a Caâ—arrh Rbeumatismus Bleeding at Nose All these Symptomes â—foresaid I wil now declare particularly The Head-ach either occupies the Pericranium or the Meninges if the Pericranium the pain is outwards if the Meninges the pain is inward Each of these pains reaches unto the Eyes because the internal Membranes do produce the Coats of the Eye called Cornea and Vvea and the Pericranium produces the Coat Conjunctiva The kind of the Pain shews the Nature of the Disease A sharp and biting pain does argue a Cholerick Distemper of the Head a heavy pressing pain shews a Flegmatick Distemper a panting or pulsing pain argues somwhat of an Inflamation A pricking pain shews an Erosion or gnawing caused by a sharp Humor or a Worm which is rare A stretching pain argues abundance of Humor or of windy Spirits which distend the Membranes Now the Pain is either in the whol Head or in the half or in some one particle thereof If it infest the whol Head it is called Cephalalgia if half the Head Hemicrania because the brain is divided into two parts If the pain possess one part as if a Nail were driven in there the Arabians call it Clavus and Ovum the Nail or Egg. If the pain of the Head be of long Continuance it is termed Cephalaea which together with the Hemicrania is periodical but the Cephalalgia is a continual universal Head-ach A continual Pain of the Head joyned with a continual Feaver and signs of malignity is exceeding dangerous according to Hippocrates in the Second of his Prognosticks Pains of the Head are Primary and Proper or Secundary and by Sympathy from other parts These are not so dangerous as the former The Principal Actions of the Brain Imagination Ratiocination and Memory Symptomes of the Substance of the brain are diminished depraved and abolished Depravation of the Fantasie and Reason is Raving the Imminution thereof is Foolishness There is a three-fold Hurt of the Memory but the Abolition thereof has only found a name being called Oblivion The Cause of Foolishness is every great distemper of the brain which is known Foolishness by its Causes as by signs or some ill shaping of the Head which is easily discerned Dotage or Raving consists in absurd Thoughts Words or Deeds The Sayings Dotage of such as rave are estranged from Truth and Reason or not to the point in hand their Deeds are either unusual or undecent their Thoughts are absurd ridiculous and Chymerical The manner of Raving ought to be distinguished to know the differences of the Melancholy Melancholly which causes the same for a Delirium or raving with depravation of the Fansie is termed Melancholly which consists in a false Opinion touching things past present and to come which being manifold it is defined by vain fear anxiety or sorrow Again Melancholly is either Primary or Secondary The Primary has its Original in the brain the Secondary springs from the Hypochondriacal parts whence it is termed Hypochondriaca Melancholia which is either Humoral or Flatulent the former is the worse of the two and brings at last Madness and Out-ragiousness The Melancholy Ecstasie is an excess of Melancholy which is three-fold An Ecstasie Ecstasie simply so called an Ecstasie with silence an Ecstasie with a Frenzy they are caused by black Choler according to the divers degrees of its Adustion Foolishness with laughter is better and safer than with seriousness and fierceness Raving without a Feaver is so much the better by how much the Parts under the short Ribs or the Brain are less heated The Resting and binding up of the Sences is Natural Sleep The breaking off or hindrance of sleep is Watching Either of which being out of measure is hurtful Coma or Dead sleep If Sleep be profound 't is called Coma or Carus Dead-sleep If this Symptome be mixed of Sleep and Watching so that the Patient seems to incline to sleep with his Eyes shut but is not able to sleep it is termed Coma-Vigilans the Drowzy Watch. But if one that has a sleeping Disease upon him every time he is awakened does rave and talk idlely the Disease is called Typhomania And if a man lie stiff with his Eyes open and when he comes to himself remembers The Night-Mare what was done about him it is termed Incubus the Mare which is wont to happen in the right to such as lie upon their backs or have glutted themselves with feasting and it seems that they are choaked by some Devil lying upon them or by some Theif that has laid hold upon them to Rob and Murther them The abolition of al sence and motion saving Respiration is called Catalepsis or Catalepsis Catoche whereby a Man is Frozen as it were in that posture he was in when the fit seazed upon him It springs from a Cold distemper of the Brain with Flegm Carus is a deep Sleep which comes upon Feavers and wounds of the temporal Carus Muscles or from an hot and moist distemper or from much evaporation with serosities moistening the substance of the brain A Lethargy is an Imminution of sence and Motion and also of the Memory of A Lethargy necessary things It Springs from a Primary hot and moist distemper of the brain joyned with a putrid Humor which provoks a Feaver and cherishes and keepes it up a long time There is also Dotage adjoyned Touching this Disease there is a saying of Hyppocrates in his Coicks Page 75. Which explaines all the Symptomes thereof The existence or particular Nature of the Lethargy and Coma consists in a loosness as that of the Catalepsis in a Tension or bending Those that are in a Lethargick Sleep at last become Apoplectick An Apoplexy does oft times primarily and unexpectedly invade a Man and somtimes An Apoplexy it followes some other Sleepy disease It is an Abolition of sence and motion with respiration hurt which at last brings snoring and suffocation by reason thick Flegm flowing out of the Funnel and obstructing the Larynx or Wesand It is Caused by a Repletion of the Ventricles of the brain either with a pituitous or Wheyish Humor or with blood some smal Artery of the Rete Mirabile being broken in the Basis of the Brain or blood being carried aloft in a Plethorick body by the fourth Channel rushes into the Ventricles If it be Simple and meer Whey by strength of Nature out of