so long as at least they remain in a Laudable and Natural Estate But seeing that the more fluid and more profitable parts as well of the Aliments assumed as of the three nominated Humours do go to the Heart the rest more gross and less profitable by the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts gradually without Sense are driven forwards to the thick Guts where they are distinguished by the name of Alvinary Foeces Whether also the Exhalations excited by this Effervescency or even the Juice it self may not afford a natural Fermentation in the Stomach we dare not as yet assert although some Animals seem to perswade it to us of both whose Ducts to wit the Pancreatick and Bilar Nature hath determined a passage into the Stomach We judge this Pancreatick Juice is not onely Subservient to the Functions already declared but also by the Sub-acid Spirit with which it is impregnated by the most wise God we think it to be ordained after a certain manner to Incrassate and Inspifate the more fluid Bile and also to temper its too much Acrimony This thing is manifest in the Bile by affusing any acid Spirits thereto which presently either more or less will be thickned and its more gross part precipitated to the bottom whilst its Thinner part floats on the top like Phlegme Hence peradventure Hippocrates Lib. De Victu Accutorum Text 29. 8. 9. teacheth that bitter things are dissolved and pass into Phlegme that is They become sluggish whiles they are spread or mixed with an acid which is not only confirmed by the Authority of the Divine old Gentleman but also by a daily Effervescency whereby it is evident that Acids and Salts being put into a Conflict amongst themselves do so infringe their sharp Particles that they become almost temperate Wherefore not without Reason Hipp. Aph. I. Sect. VI. hath taught us in the daily Levities of the Intestines That if an Acid belching should supervene which had not been before we ought to hope well For it is a signe that the Pancreatick Juice by its acidy will in a short time attemper the Acrimony of the Bile We have said that the Pancreatick Juice is ordained by Nature after a sort to incrassate the more Fluid Bile but it may also so happen that the Bile by its Acidity may be rendered more Fluid viz. when the Viscidity of the Bile dependeth upon the Viscidity of Phlegme therefore in one respect Acids may render the bile more gross but in another more Fluid for Acids do incrassate Fat 's and Lixivious Salts Among those things which we have now recited it is sufficiently evident in the Humours naturally constituted in the small Gut and the Friendly Effervescency of Nature from thence occurring that many Functions in the Body are rightly performed which by the said Effervescency evilly happening are wasted and become Vitious The verity of which thing that we may make it more clearly appear we shall first of all declare some Vices which happen in the Substance of the Pancreas Secondly We shall adjoyne those things which may befall the Juice thereof CHAP. VII With what Diseases the Substance of the Pancreas and its Juice may be Molested CErtainly not a few to whom the Pancreatick Juice hath been unknown have nevertheless believed that the Causes of many grievous Diseases lay hid For Schenkius in his Exerâ—itatione Anat VI. Lib. I. Sect. II. Cap. XXI saith And there are the Seats meaning the Pancreas and the Mesentery of innumerable and wonderful Diseases for the searching of which the age of one man is not sufficient Which thing being the Scorne of Physitians also casteth those which are most exercised into a Blushing hue Fernelius also Lib. VI. Pathol. Cap. VII speaking concerning the Diseases of the Pancreas and Mesentery doth affirm and profess That he hath thought for the most part these to be the Seats of Choler Melancholy Diarhaea Disenteria Cachexia Atrophia of Languishing of Light and Erratick Feavers Lastly the Causes of hidden Diseases by the driving away of which Health might be restored to the Afflicted And Riolanus that Egregious Ornament of the University of Lovaine V. F. Plempius with other Famous men also Conversant in Practise do also think that the cause of intermitting Feavers of Hypocondriack Melancholy and other Chronick Diseases do lurk or lye hid in the Pancreas But this business without all doubt had been more successfully treated of both by these and other men of no small Merit in Medicine had the Pancreatick Juice with its Generation and Nature been known to them Wherefore we shall endeavour being excited by their Commendable Examples to produce something to the Learned World for the Common good by considering first By what Diseases the Substance of the Pancreas may be infested Secondly By declaring the Primary Vices which may happen to its Juice Thirdly By searching into the Functions which are hurt by its evil Disposition Fourthly By investigating the Diseases which follow those Functions hurt Fifthly and lastly By delivering the Remedies wherewith all of them may be amended The Diseases wherewith the Substance of the Pancreas is wont to be molested are Obstructions and those which follow them Tumours Schirous's Abscess's Stones c. Obstructions may happen to the Pancreas two wayes First In the Ductus when the Pancreatick Juice cannot freely pass through it into the Intestines even as we shall more clearly Demonstrate to happen when we shall discourse of Intermitting Feavers Secondly In the Substance of the Pancreas it self when by any cause either Internal or External the Circulation of the Blood through it is hindered from whence the Parenchyma by the continual appulse of blood is puffed up and swells unless it be indurated or by a previous Inflamation goes into an Abseessus Which that it may be made known to all we will bring upon the Stage the Observations of several Phisitians and Anatomists Riolanus Anthropog Lib. 2. Cap. 10. writeth that he had observed in many people who were of a Melancholy Nature and Habit of Body that the Pancreas equalled the weight of the Liver and also confirms the same by the Example of the most Illustrious Augustinus Thuanus Who by the Melancholy Habit of Body did complain for four Years together of a Collick Pain about the Region of the Colon with a Sense of a Burden or Weight at his Stomach while he stood upright or walked But his Hypoconders did not swell At length being taken with an unlookt-for Gangreen from his right Foot suddainly to the Superiour parts with Horrible and Direful Pains in the space of Six Hours expired His Body being opened and the Liver taken out was round like to a Sphare stuffe with Fat and trans-fixed with a certain pituitous hardned Matter like to Mortar But the Pancreas by its Amplitude and Weight did equalize the Liver wholly Schirhous with many little Knobs which were filled with the Species of a Pigeons Egg the Spleen was so wasted that it scarce weighed an
DE Succo Pancreatico Or A Physical and Anatomical TREATISE Of the NATURE and OFFICE of the Pancreatick Juice Shewing its generation in the Body what Diseases arise by its Vitiation from whence in particular by plain and familiar examples is accurately demonstrated the Causes and Cures of Agues or Intermitting Feavers hitherto so Difficult and Uncertain with sundry other things worthy of Note Written by D. Reg. de Graaf Physician of Delph And Translated by Christopher Pack Med. Lond. London Printed for N. Brook at the Angel in Cornhil near the Royal Exchange 1676. Licensced February 2d 1675. Roger L'Estrange To the most ILLUSTRIOUS D. JOHN CAPELLANUS Councellour to the most Christian KING Sir THis Treatise which five Years since I willingly Dedicated to You in the French Idiome is now again presented to Your self replenished with many Observations in the Latine Tongue seeing that by the great esteem of Your Name our French Edition was not only Candidly accepted in France but also in other Forreign Nations among Learned Men The exceeding happy success of which had wrought in me an Admiration had not the fame of Your Transcendant Learning made it Immortal by your most Learned Writings known and throughly considered by me You being so well versed in all kind of Studies that the most Illustrious Ludovicus XIV King of France and Navarre made You the Mecaenas or Cherisher of most Learned men Since it is so I may remember the former Edition and so much the rather seeing that the Heer Duyst van Voorhout a Man of an excellent Genious made me as certain of Your Peculiar Favours towards me as Your own frequent Honouring me with your Epistles Wherefore with all Humility I crave that even as You protected the former Edition under the Shield of Your Authority so You would vouchsafe also to protect This. Sir The doing of which will oblige him in the highest Nature who is and will be during his Life the Adorer of Your Resplendent Name Reg. de Graaf THE PREFACE IN the Year 1663. in the Vniversity of Leyden I hearing the most Famous and Indefatigable Man in Studies Francis de le Boe-Sylvius daily teaching concerning the Pancreatick Juyce to be one of the chiefest Foundations of Physick I endeavoured to find out that hitherto undiscovered Juyce the which when I had done and indeed after that manner which he had first described to us he having understanding thereof with all Diligence did incite me to Print those things which I had observed worthy of Notice concerning this Subject through diverse Dissections of various Animals And I willing to gratifie his Request published a little Treatise concerning the Nature and Office of the Pancreatick Juyce which although in an unpolished manner nevertheless it so took with the Curious Indagators of Nature that in a short time sufficient Examples of that Nature were desired of me For which cause in the Year 1666 I published at paris this little Treatise in the French Tongue which three or four Months together I presented to the Famous Dr. Bourdelot to be publickly examined to whose House the most Curious Wits of the Vniversity do frequently resort And I seeing that this second Edition wonderfully took with the most Learned Physitians of all France who have their Colledge at Paris and returning to my own Country I found that there were remaining no Coppies of my First Edition being instigated by the Printer and my Friends for their sakes who understood not the French Tongue have again turned the same little Treatise into Latine and that not barely but in several places have inserted new Observations and resolves to several Objections put to me against this Treatise both in France and other Countries that my Opinion might not seem in any Respect to be faulty So that the Treatise which I now publish may bear the name of a new one which I hope will not be unacceptable to the Reader But seeing no writing as Plato saith can be so exact that it may avoid the Censures of Criticks without doubt there will be Carpers who are better affected with Brawlings and Drinkings than the Dissections of Bodies which will laugh at me for the spending so much time in the discovery of this Juyce But Hippocrates in an Epistle to Damagetus hath taught me in an History of Democritus that those Gibeings ought not to be regarded c. So much of which History as most nearly appertaines to us I will briefly relate Democritus inferiour to none of the Abderitans when to find out the nature of the Bile had betaken himself apart from the City and there alone had dissected many Animals he was generally reputed to be mad wherefore the Senate and People of the Abderitans being sad and troubled did very much importune the Prince of Physitians that he would vouchsafe to come and cure the madness of Democritus Hippocrates by the Merits of Democritus and the Intreaties of the Abderitans taking Ship went to Abderis where he found all the Citizens and Inhabitants gathered together waiting for him without the Gates part of whom running before and part following led Hippocrates to a high Hill without the City crying out save help heal that he might see the Madness of Democritus From whence they saw Democritus sometimes dissecting Animals sometimes museing and sometimes writing Hippocrates going all alone to Democritus and making an exact tryal of him although then he understood he was not mad asked him what he wrote there Democritus answered concerning Madness And being further asked What he wrote of Madness said What else than what it is and how generated and how allayed in the Bodies of Men For these Animals which you see here that I open for this purpose is not because I hate the Works of God but search out the Nature and Seat of the Bile For you know this is the cause of Mens Madness c. Which being understood saith Hippocrates Democritus in truth I call God to witness you speak truly and wisely And he returning to the Abderitans who waited for him at some distance commended Democritus and accused themselves of Madness I wish Hippocrates the great Prince of Physitians might rise from the Dead he would not blame those less which deride me for my more diligent search of the Pancreatick Juyce than them which judged Democritus to be mad for his exquisite enquiry into the Bile Seeing that he thought them to be taught of God which did not only study about Heat Cold Dryness and Moisture but about their Causes For it is not Heat saith he Lib. De Vet. Med. Text XXVI XII which hath great force but Sharpness and Fluidity and other things by me related And he saith before Text XXIV XX. Because there is in Man both bitter salt sweet acid sharp and fluid and infinite others having all manner of Faculties both of Plenty and Strength From whence he commonly calls those Faculties and Powers he affirms Salt Bitterness and Acidity with other things of the
collecting it by sensible Experiment the surest of Guides to convince those who oppugne and resolve the Doubting which he hath largely shewn 3. Because the Anatomical Disquisition of the Pancreas and its Juyce is omitted by Sylvius in the first part of his Praxis as not pertinent to his present Scope which omission this Book supplies and to which the said Sylvius in a manner refers his Readers So that he which deliberately reads this Book will be thereby highly inducted to the Vnderstanding of the Doctrines and Notions of the most Learned Sylvius concerning the Pancreatick Juyce throughout his whole Writings as they relate to diverse Diseases and Affections of the Body of Man The second Commodity I shall propound is That this Book doth most Indubitably contain the certain Causes of all Agues or Intermitting Feavers with their true and effectual Rules of Curation It is a wonder to see the many Books which have been written concerning Agues and Feavers perhaps as many as there are Old Womens Medicines for the cure thereof and the great Diversity of Opinions concerning their Causes and differences so that for a man exercised with a tedious Ague to call a Councel of Physitians to his Assistance usually received no more Relief than a Criminal Person doth by the Verdict of a Jury which delivers him from Prison either to Death or Banishment Which hath formerly enrolled this Disease in the Catalogue of those which were wont to be termed Opprobrium Medicorum the Reproach of Physitians Neither in my Judgment is it greatly to be wondered at that Physitians were wont to have no better success in the Cure of this Disease seeing they were involved in so many Vncertainties about the Seat and Cause thereof some assigning the Seat to be in the Blood in general others in some perticular Parts of the Vessels where the Blood happened to be stagnant others in the Meseraick Veines others in the Guts and perticularly in the Colon and several other Conceits as if they went about to gain the Knowledge of the true Seat Arithmetically by the rule of false Position Then again as to the Causes and Reasons of Differences whilst they ascribed them to the Four Humours viz. Blood Choler Phlegme and Melancholy and their different Degrees of Mistion and Putre-Faction they ran upon such Rocks as constantly ship-wracked the Barks of their Opinions For still as they endeavoured to solve one difficulty that would arise they caused the Rise of another But this Author's Hypothesis being so free from all Intricacies and Difficulties renders it agreeable to Truth I have yet further to say in the behalf of its Certainty that is the Consequence of Curation which although every single Cure of a Disease doth not indeed declare the Administrator of the Medicine to have a certain Intelligence of the Cause of the Disease yet when a Distemper shall be certainly cured at divers times in different Persons and with different Medicaments alwayes from the Notions Doctrines and Considerations of the same Cause that surely is a certain Argument that the Cause is known And this I my self have oft-times done even to Admiration by removing Ague-Fits in a few dayes space and never yet failing of the Cure of any kind of Ague whether Quotidian Tertian or Quartan with their Compounds and am yet by God's blessing ready at any time to undertake the cure of the worst Ague-Fits that are which Aquisition I acknowledge I owe to this Author I am able also to perform the same in those deplorable Fits commonly called The Fits of the Mother I have instanced this not out of boasting but to shew the certainty and excellency of the Doctrine of the Pancreatick Juyce and to excite the Reader to a serious Contemplation and Observation thereof There is yet a Third Vtillity of this Book which is That it refutes several Errours in Physick and Anatomy many of which in times past have been received for certain Truths and some of them perhaps yet remaining the Principle whereof relate to the Pancreas or Sweet-Bread and to the Nervous Juyce concerning which I shall say no more but commit you to the things themselves as they shall occur by reading I have nothing more to say but to beg the Readers kind Acceptance and withall to mind him of the Difficulty of things of this Nature especially when an Author writes in such a style as de Graaf hath done that if he meet with any Errours committed by me I hope he will the more easily pass them by as not being Intentional and I presume not Essentiall If I find this be kindly accepted it will encourage me to serve my Country with some-what of my own more at large I do expect to be censured and snarled at by some for as Erasmus saith Nihil morosius Hominum Judiciis there is nothing more peevish than Mens Judgments I shall easily dispense with it being of a peacable Spirit And as I have professed to do this for a Publick Good so I also declare that I have been void of Prejudice therein to all Mens Persons and Interests being only desirous of the Propogagation of all Laudable Science whilest I am Christ Pack From my House at the Signe of the Globe and Chymical-Furnaces in the Postern near Moor-Gate Feb. 2d 1675 6. AN INDEX OF THE CHAPTERS CHap. I. An exact Description of the Pancreas or Sweet-Bread before which some things are put concerning the necessity of Anatomy and its Increase Chap. II. The Opinions of divers Authors concerning the Use of the Pancreas Examined Chap. III. How or in what manner the Pancreatick Juyce is found Chap. IV. The Qualities of the Pancreatick Juyce are described in a plain division of the Glandules of the whole Body is shewed that the Pancreatick Juyce is not Excrementious in like manner how it is generated Chap. V. The Liquor of the Glandules is Demonstrated to be necessary and that the Pancreatick Juyce doth ferment with the Bile Chap. VI. What that Fermentation is in the Sound and in the Sick and what benefit accrews to the Body thereby Chap. VII The Diseases by which the Substance of the Pancreas and its Juyce may be molested Chap. VIII The Functions which are vitiated by the Pancreas or its ill disposed Juyce Chap. IX The Diseases arising from the Vitiation of the Pancreatick Juyce Chap. X. How the vitiated Pancreatick Juyce may be corrected Chap. XI A Discourse of Intermitting Feavers ERRATA Sic Corrigenda PAge 20 line 1 read Months p. 23 l. 9 r Pancreas l. ultim r. Aliment p. 32 l. 2 r. into the Ductus p. 35 l. 4 r. but not except the Spirits were dissipated p. 42 l. 32 r. Faculties p. 43 l. 1 r. imbibe p. 56 l. 11 r. strictly l. 31 r. Preternatural p. 63 l. 1 r. in the Temples p. 91 l. 7 r. Plethora p. 92. l. 18 r. Intermitions p. 97 l. 15 r Ventricle p 98 l 21 r abounds p. 124 l 12 for thirty r thirteen p 131 l
of any other thing with the blood then volatile Salts But on the contrary if you mingle any acid Spirit with the Blood Dictum Factum the Blood will be more or less Coagulated according as that Spirit shall be more or less Acid as for example if to try the Experiment we take Oyle of Vitriol Oyle of Sulphur per Campanum Aqua Fortis Aqua Regia c. Besides that the Blood will presently be Coagulated by them it also acquires a Ches-Nut Colour But if we take the Dulcid Spirit of Salt Juice of Lammons Distilled Vinegar or the like whose acid Spirit is more Temperate the Blood will only acquire the Consistency of a grosser Syrup with its red Colour remaining unhurt From whence it is evident the use of Acids may preserve men from the Plague not as according to the Opinion of many Authors that they cut and attenuate but as they preserve the natural Consistency of the Blood and do hinder its being infected with a more sharp Volatile Salt which we together with the Air suck into our Bodies For this cause the most Famous Dr. Sylvius who likewise hath Constituted the Venom of the Plague in a more sharp Volatile Salt when some Years since in the great Plague at Amsterdam which he fore-saw he took a Crust of Bread imbrued with white-Wine-Vinegar in which Mary-Golds had likewise been steeped by which Alexipharmack he so well preserved himself that he never was infected with the Pestilential Venome But when through too much hast he omitted the said Alexipharmack as soon as he entred into an infected House he was infected with a pain in the Head from which at other times he was free Which things being rightly considered every one may see that the Pestilent Venome is not indued with any force of Coagulating as the most Learned Willis hath stated it in his Treatise of Feavers C. 13. But seeing that Dr. Dela-Font hath sufficiently cleared this to all Opposers in his Discourse concerning the Pestilent Venome Chap. VIII We shall not spend any more time either to the Reader or our selves but wave the further Disquisition of those things because it is besides our purpose in this Treatise accurately to describe the Pestilence Wherefore we will leave the rest to a further Occasion seeing it is time that we return to the Incommodities flowing from the more Acid Pancreatick Juyce The Pancreatick Juyce being more sharp is the cause first of every Internal Cold being first of all felt in the Region of the Loyns and afterwards dispersed into the whole Body as for the most part we observe in the beginning of the Fits of Agues or Intermitting Feavers Secondly Of all Cutting paines as well in the Hypocondria's and whole Belly as in other parts of the Body Thirdly Of all manifest paines in the Belly from whence the Sick is sometimes tormented after a wonderful manner Wherefore we deduce all the black and aeruginous Bile from the same more Acid Pancreatick Juyce Because sometimes being put into a Pewter Chamber Pot or Brass Bason they Corrode the same and send forth a sharp Savour and also excite a manifest Effervescency which every man who hath saluted but the threshold of Chymistry knows cannot happen from any thing but Acids From whence they may be compelled to confess their Errour who affirm That all black Choler proceeding from Vomitting or Dejection of the Belly comes from the Follicles of the Gall or the Spleen All these things are not a little confirmed by the following Experiment sometimes made by us in a Dog in the Section of whom being alive having opened the Duodenum we found a greenish Liquor among the black such as the Antients have depicted to us for Atrabilis that we might pursue a more Intimate cognition thereof we examined diligently all the wayes through which any thing might be transfer'd to that Intestine and seeing that besides the Bilar Duct the Pancreatick and the Ventrile there was no way perceptible to the sight through which any notable Quantity of Humors might be afforded to the Intestines we judge therefore that in one of those the matter thereof must be obscured Wherefore we examined all those wayes in the first whereof we found the Bile naturally Constituted that waxing Yellow from a Green In the second we found the Pancreatick Juyce most limpid like to Distilled Water In the third we found the Aliments half crude having the Colour of White Ashes Seeing therefore that neither the Liver nor the Pancreas nor also the Stomach carryed that Atrabilis to the Intestine we began to suspect whether that Atrabilis might not emerge by the Union of two or three of those Humours being mingled together by course Concerning which thing that we might attain to a greater Certainty we affused Spirit of Vitriol to the Bile drawn forth from its Vesicle and placed it in the heat of the Sun from whence there was commonly excited from the Black a Greenish Liquor such as we first found in the Duodenum Hence we concluded the said Humour called Atrabilis not to flow from this or that part but to be generated in the Duodenum Namely as the Natural Colour of the Bile hath been transmitted into Black and Green by the Concourse of the more Acid Pancreatick Juyce Seeing that the Pancreatick Juyce by the ordinary Law of Nature may continually be mingled with the Bile and the Intestinal Pituity we will a little propose the same as joyn'd with those Humours If it chanceth that the more sluggish Pancreatick Juyce bounds with a sharper Bile and the Intestinal Pituity rightly Constituted the strength of the Pancreatick Juyce in that Concourse will be altogether infringed and the Exhalations which are excited by the Effervescency of those Humours will ascend not so much with Acid as Lixivious Particles which when they reach to the Stomach by infringing its Fermentation they will hinder the Concoction of the Aliment and destroy the Appetite but if it happen that those Exhalations ascend to the Jaws there amongst other Incommodities they will induce a Dryness of the Mouth especially if they infect the Spittle with their Salsitude But if they proceed further through the Milky Veines to the Heart from whence with the blood they may pass through the other parts of the body they will also produce a Heat in those as at first in the Intestines and there more troublesome where those Exhalations are most sharp If a more sharp Pancreatick Juyce concurreth with a sharper Bile there will presently be a mighty Effervescency excited in the Duodenum whereby the Intestines are sometimes so distended that they threaten a Ruption which thing we have very often observed whilst we applyed our selves to our Study in Leyden whilst we mixed together divers Liquors sit for Fermentation in two little Vessels in part of the Intestine intercepted by Ligatures even as D. Schuyl hath expressed it Fig. B. in his Treatise De veteri Medicina wherefore we judge in the first instant
rather carryed into the Pancreas than into the Spleen or other parts of the Body to which Nerves of the same Original do belong Truly the Pancreas is too far from the Brain to receive its Excrement moreover the Nerves abhor all acrimony so as to receive any sharper Juice For which cause we judge this Opinion to stand upon too slight a Foundation to be admitted for Truth and so much the less seeing we could never perceive any Cavity or Liquour in the Nerves notwithstanding all the diligence we could use to this purpose the most accurate Microscopes have been of no use to us for the discovery of the least pores in them We do not here speak of the distances which are like Pores seen between the small Conveyances of the Nerves but of the Cavity it self of the little Pipes by which these Excrements ought to pass Furthermore it is proved by Ligatures that no remarkable quantity of Humour is carryed by the Nerves in which there is not the least Swelling of either side the Ligature which we have obser-served nor yet by any other that we read of That which Chyrurgions cry out of the dropping of the Nerves we rather ascribe to the hurt of the Lymphatick Vessels being nigh to the Nerves than the hurt of the Nerves themselves for which reason that we might have a more certain information we have sometimes in Dogs laid bare that notable Nerve in the hinder-most part of the Legs and cut it cross through the middle and have put it into a Vial being freed from the Lymphatick Vessels as we use to do in collecting of the Pancreatick Juice the neck of which was so straightned for this purpose as that the Nerves being cut asunder the Orifice might be well closed by its thickness that Spirits or whatsoever subtile Matter passeth through the Nerves might not vanish into the Aire We fixed this Vial to the skin with the Nerve hanging down into its Hollowness hoping that if any Liquor did pass through the Nerves we should by that means attain it but in vain For in the space of four or five hours we got not the least drop nor did we observe that the Animal Spirits did adhere by Condensation to the sides of the Glass Such Birds are to be catcht with more subtile nets which after they are taken we will prepare to break-fast withal Seeing therefore little or no visible matter is carried through the Nerves we pray the Propugners of this Opinion to tell us Why Nature in the Pancreas as they will have it hath only formed a Ductus to receive the Excrements of the Nerves which sometimes exceed in Magnitude the Recurrent Nerves themselves whose small Branches often touch the Pancreas What appertains to the word Excrement whereby they point out our Juice we think it not convenient for it if they understand whatsoever is separated from the Blood whether good or evil but it is in no respect agreeable to the Pancreatick Juice if by the word Excrement they understand whatsoever is carryed from the Blood to be unprofitable for Reasons hereafter to be declared The Seventh Opinion is assigned to the most Famous Franciscus de la Boe-sylvius who thinks nothing is carryed from the Intestines to the Pancreas by this Ductus nor any secret unprofitable Excrement by the same to the Intestines but a commendable Humour prepared therein of Blood and Animal Spirits and so conveyed to the Intestine and permixed with the Alement And in regard he knew that nothing was carryed to the Intestines but what was first swallowed into the Stomach and by that driven out again through the Pilorus or is sent through the Bilar or Pancreatick Ductus and he moreover considering not only in intermitting Feavours that the sick were alwayes troubled with various pains in their Loynes by Cold Heat Yawnings Reachings and Vomitings as well of insipid Phlegm and sometimes acid as of Choler sometimes bitter sometimes acid and bitter c. but also in other diseases proceeding from hence to the Hypocondriack Affection As for example in the Scurvey the Disease called the Suffocation of the Womb the Chollerico Passio pains of the Belly and consequently from hence in the Ulcerated Mouths or Thrushes of Children c. Belchings and Acid Humours do arise he concluded although he never saw the Pancreatick Juice as he ingenuously confesseth Thes 37. of the use of the Spleen and Glandules that the Pancreatick Juice in its own Nature was Subacid in an especial manner tempered by the animal Spirits For he judged that the Bile which is bitter and contrary to Acidity could not be the cause of an acid Humour and therefore he determines that Spittle alwayes insipid in sound men and oftentimes so acid and remarkably sharp in the sick came not from the Pancreatick Juice And because we heard that most Learned man often teaching these and the like things and did see the same confirm'd by a happy practise in the Hospital his opinion so pleased us that we never frequented his Meetings whether publick or private without great satisfaction of mind in which being excited to find out the further truth of the matter by the same worthy person and his Disciples we have undertook the work and although we could not once despair of a happy success in process of time God favouring our Enterprize and Desires in the Year 1662. found out the way of Collecting the Pancreatick Juice which by way of History as it shall conveniently occur in the Work we will set down In which our Thoughts shipwrackt themselves from those scruples by which they may be precautioned who will follow our foot-steps to examine it CHAP. III. In what manner the Pancreatick Juice was found out THE First Experiment by which we undertook to collect the Pancreatick Juice in a living Dog was a Ligature with which we tied the upper-part of the Pancreas together with the thin Gut for by that means we hoped that after some Hours we should have found the Pancreatick Duct swell'd with Juice but in vain which seemed to our Judgment to happen by reason that the Motion of the Blood being hindered to the Pancreas the separation of the Juice from it was prevented also The Second Experiment was also by a Ligature made about the Insertion of the Ductus into the Intestinum Duodenum but also in vain The Reason perhaps was the Glandules of the Pancreas being hurt by whose Ductus all the Pancreatick Juice might the more easilier have flown out by reason that neither in the great Ductus nor in the lateral branches is there any values found The Third Experiment was by two boards or planks higher in the middle than at the ends applyed and straightly bound to the Duodenum at the ingress of the Pancreatick Ductus from whence after some hours the Abdomen being opened again which before had been lightly stitched up we found the Pancreatick Ductus swelled with a clear and limpid Juice nevertheless we could not
Pancreatick Juyce being driven to the Intestines in a lesser quantity will not sufficiently free the Gutts from the superfluous Humidity in them and so will occasion many Obstructions as the Learned R. Lower who judgeth this juyce to be ordained by Nature to cleanse the Chyle he writeth in his Treatise of the Heart Chap. 5. page 215. that by the defect thereof he hath observed Obstructions of the Venae Lacteae in these very words It seems to me most true that that great Glandule namely the Pancreas is seated in that place and that Ductus to be opened into the Intestines that the Lympha for so he calleth the Pancreatick Juyce being there separated may be mixed with the descending Chyle whereby it may more readily enter and more expeditely pass through the narrow Channel of the Lactean Veins and indeed the Chyle in the Milkey Vessels either because of its crascitie or for want of potulent Liquor which ought to be for its Vehicle may sometimes be apt to be stagnant and so concrete and by the same reason to stop and altogether fill up those Vessels as in a Dog whose Pancreas was obdurated I once observed Neither also will it sufficiently promote the Natural and due Separation of the Chyle from the Excrements and that especially if the Aliments be more dry or of a more difficult Fermentation Hence necessarily follows a diminished Nutrition of the whole body as also a universal Languishing so that such may rather be said to draw Life than to live But the Pancreatick Juice being separated in a larger quantity and brought to the Intestines will as it were pare off not only their superfluous Pituity but also that necessary part which should defend them from Injuries like a Curry-Comb and besides it will separate more than it ought from the assumed Aliments so that sometimes the unprofitable and excrementitious parts together with the profitable may be conveyed to the Mass of Blood sometimes only the profitable Parts but in a larger quantity than they should may be carryed by the same wayes From whence if here we say a Pethora will happen and thence a Cacochymy Who can overthrow our Assertions More-over we think that the Lancionations in the left Hypocondria first molested by courses do proceed from too great a quantity of the Bile and Pancreatick Juyce separated from the Blood by a more vehement Motion of the Body and the stirring up a greater Effervescency For it is most certain that Running or any other vehement Exercise of the Body doth accelerate the Motion of the Blood through the whole Body which seeing it is the cause of the Separation of these or other Humours then it is also necessary that those Humours be deposited into the Guts in a greater plenty which being separated in a Natural Quantity and Quality if as we have already proved they may excite a natural and friendly Effervescency to Nature may not the contrary happen when they are otherwise disposed by exciting an Effervescency greater and troublesome to Nature After a wonderful manner doth that place confirm this our Opinion in which those paines are perceived by course and very ordinarily though unjustly are ascribed to the Spleen because the Spleen is not in that place where those pains do in us excite a Molestation but hath its seat more down-wards because in that place those paines do manifest themselves in the Anteriour part of the Hypocondria where the thin Gut M emerging under the Mesentery N doth lye by the Peritonaeum as is to be seen in the first Table where we have Delineated to the Life the Scituation of that Intestine The inequal separation of the Succus Pancreaticus and propulsion thereof to the Intestines produceth various Mutations in the Guts and else-where concerning the suddain Happening of which no man will ever assigne a fit Reason who will not give heed to those things Hence we think to be deduced the suddain Deliquiums of the Wind sometimes advening erratick Feavers intermitious of Pulses c. The Pancreatick Juice being more fluid will more dilute the Pituity of the Guts and perhaps sometimes occasion the Flux of the Belly especially if it be conjoyned with a Salsitude by whose acrimony the Guts are provoked to their Contraction and unless that Flux of the Belly follow the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts it will necessarily express a greater Quantity of Chyle into the Venae Lacteae from whence the same incommodities will arise which we have deduced from the Pancreatick Juyce separated in too large a Quantity The more Viscid Pancreatick Juice concreting by the least external Cold will occasion Obstructions as also intermitting Feavers and likewise astringe the Belly Concerning the sensible Qualities and first of the Rellish there is sometimes produced a Pancreatick juyce less acid from whence there is neither a due Effervescency in the Duodenum and therefore not a necessary Separation of the profitable parts from the unprofitable nor a desired Consistency bestowed on the Blood and therefore they in whom such Blood is have been less able to resist Pestilential Venom than those in whom by the laudable Acidity of their Pancreatick Juice have also a more Laudable and greater Consistency of their Blood Hence the reason is also clear Why Melancholly Men are less afflicted with the Plague than those who are endued with a Bilious blood For we think that no man may be infected with the Plague so long as the Natural consistency of his blood is preserved We assert this the more freely because we see the blood in all persons infected with the Plague to be altered and obtain a far more fluid consistency So that if sometimes by chance Negligence Ignorance or any other urging Cause as for example too great a Plethory spitting of blood bringing a present danger to Life let a Vein be opened the blood flowing out although refrigerated nevertheless is in no wise coagulated neither can it acquire a due consistency even as sometimes is wont to happen to the animal Spirits being loosed from their Fetters and dissipated from the acidity existing in the blood wherefore also such a blood by divers Practitioners is called putrid We commonly say because it may so happen that the whole Mass of blood not as yet equally infected the laudible part of the blood in the cutting of a Vein may only flow out the blood remaining in the body being depraved the which thing Practitioners daily observe to happen in Venae-Section we do not only think with other Practitioners that the blood remains fluid without the bodies of those who are infected with the Plague but do also affirm the like fluidity in the bodies of those extinguished by the Pest as we have learned by Experience which perhaps may seem strange to those who know not the Nature of volatile Salts but not so to us who have very often mingled it with the blood and the blood always remained fluid the which cannot be certainly expected from the commixture
in Ulcers the Cyrurgions Probe may not be stained with a certain Blackness as we have very often observed and such Ulcers be happily cured by Temperating of the acidity as Helmont admonisheth De Blase humano § 53. we leave to the judgment of others It may here suffice for us to have proved that from one and the same acid permixed with diverse things one while a White another a Black another a Yellow another a Purple and so moreover other Colours may arise He which desireth to excite many Colours in the Solution of Minerals and Vegitables endued with no Colour let him go to that most curious Treatise which D. Willis hath written concerning Fermentation where pag. 88. Edit Ang. he may find very many Mutations of Colours not unprofitable and being about to assigne the Reason thereof he saith in the following page If the reason of this Phaeno-mena be enquired it ought altogether to be deduced from those minute particles within the pores of every contained Liquor which according to the scituation and position being after a divers manner altered by the Infusion of another Liquor do diversly transmit the beams of the light and manifoldly break or reflect it and so cause the divers appearances of Colours c. Having now unfolded the Diseases risen from the more acid Pancreatick Juyce we seem in our selves to hear some in short to ask the Question from whence the acid Humour in the body may proceed if we do not use any acid things To which we answer that we can in no wise want those things which abound with an acidity For there is an acidity in the air which appeareth if the Caput Mortuum of Vitriol be exposed to the air which from the same eliciteth a new acidity Also that the air is full of Nitrous particles Gassendus Entius Digbaeus and others which professedly or otherwise ingeniously treat of this Matter have proved But no man is ignorant that Nitre containeth in it self an acidity There is also an acidity inherent in Aliments For in Kitchings if flesh or other Aliments begin to corrupt their Broth doth wax sower yea we have collected an acid Spirit in quantity sufficiently large from the sweetest of Condiments to wit Sugar by chymical Art There is also an acidity inherent in Drink for Beer or Ale as also Wine being left to themselves without the addition of any other thing do wax Soure From whence it is no wonder as Hippocrates witnesseth Lib. De Vet. Med. Text. 24 that there should be an Acidity in Men. But it being granted that there is an acid Humour in our Bodies some one more desirous of Truth may ask How it comes to pass that it doth not only corrode the parts of our Bodies but also Copper and Tinn as we have shewed above To this we shall also answer That the Fermentations continually happening in our Bodies is sufficicient for this thing For we daily see that by their help many things are very sharp which before were sweet or at least Temperate VVhether now this may happen by the Dissipation of the animal Spirits or by reason of any other inward Cause we leave to the Judgment of others Likewise Experience testifies that Men feeding upon a cold Diet do sometimes for the same Reason and Cause fall into burning Feavers We have also deservedly ascribed the Uterine Suffocation or Mother-fits so called to the Pancreatick juyce divers ways vitiated but especially the Austere The following Observation seems to give us no small light into the Truth of this Matter which our Friend Elsnerus in the Year 1667. sent to us from Paris to Andegave We opened saith he a Maid extinguished by the Suffocation of the Womb in whose dead body we found nothing at all to which death might be ascribed but the blood coagulated in the Ventricles of the Heart beyond the order of Nature Which too much coagulation of the blood may not be deduced from any other cause than from an acid Juyce as we have sufficiently proved But the reason why we judge that this Effect is not produced by the Pancreatick Juyce being simply acid is that all women which have a sharp Pancreatick Juyce are not affected with that Disease And therefore we do the more easily believe that there is an austerity or harsh Sowerness present with it because we have known almost the like Disease excited from the Pancreatick Juyce being austere in a certain Bitch as also in a Famous Man the truth of which the following Testimony freely exhibiteth to us done in the Year 1663. as it was communicated to me by the most expert Dr. Sylvius I tested the Pancreatick Juyce and found it first as it were Saltish but afterward the Relish being some-what changed it seemed then to be Sub-acid with a light Austerity There was such a Stink produced in my Mouth that two of my Acquaintance which were with us admonished me concerning it The Stink was like to that which riseth from Muddy and strinking Water My Mouth and Jaws were not only exsiccated or dried but also so constringed that I seemed to be suffoccated which like thing I suffer by a Disease familiar to me And all these things vanished not suddainly but remained and endured for a while till they left me by Degrees and of their own Accord The Bitch's Juyce was brought to the Famous Dr. Sylvius and exhibited to his Tast in our presence From this and the like Observations it seemeth not absurd to assert That Men may some-time be affected with a like Hysterick Suffocation especially when its nearest Cause happens not from the VVomb but from the small Gut in which by reason of the Vitious Effervescency of concurring Humours excited Exhalations and austere Flatulencies are stirred up which as often as they arise through the Oesephagus or Gullet and come to the Arteria-Asperia or Wind-Pipe they so constringe those parts that the Sick think themselves to be in the peril of Strangulation or Choaking That divers Species of the Hypocondriack Affection may be produced by the said Pancreatick juyce divers ways vitiated the Books of Practical Physitians do testifie and the symptoms confirme But that we stay no longer upon the more acid and austere Pancreatick juyce and the effects from them arising we think fit to deduce at least one effect from the said juyce more Salt imagine a serous Diarrhaea which by its saline Acrimony produceth a more violent and more frequent peristaltick Motion of the Gutts These things being rightly considered we doubt not but that by a diligent tract of time by the Observation of those who happen to be conversant about the Sick many effects will be made more manifest And if there be more of Art in knowing than in curing Diseases who sees not that this Pancreatick juyce being altogether known the cure of many Diseases may be performed more easily more speedily and more profitably First of all in this Treatise we have described the Diseases taking their Original from a
Therefore least we consume our own and the Readers time by writing more things obvious as well in the Books of the Ancients as in the Moderns we shall willingly pass them by Seeing that the cause of all intermitting Feavours seemes to us to be contained in the pancreas alone The reason of this Opinion is this that having considered the parts of the whole Body of man which by intervals only may transmit the Cause of these Feavers to the heart none can be found in the whole body to which not only the Focus of intermitting Feavers but also the causes of all their symptomes may be imputed besides the Pancreas But some perhaps may say that heat thirst ulcers breaking forth in the lips of the Feaverish bitter Vomitings Cholerick Excrements and other symtomes wont to accompany tertain Feavers do declare the bile to be primarily offended wherefore the Cause of all intermitting Feavers ought not to be ascribed to the pancreas alone But truly this objection will fall of its own accord those things being known which we shall speak of in the following Discourse concerning the Reasons of divers Symptomes for we know that in tertians the bile is very often predominant but it is to be noted that its abundance doth not cause an intermitting Feaver because that is perceived after it hath excited a vitious Effervesency by intervals with the pancreatick Juice in which if the bile gets Dominion the signs thereof even now declared do somtimes manifest themselves but because this Effervescency proceeds from the pancreatick Juice preternaturally disposed that Feaver is not ascribed to the Bile but to the Pancreatick Juyce as by the Sequel shall more plainly appear We judge the cause of Intermitting Feavers to be an Obstruction made in one or more of the Lateral Ducts because of Pituity carryed thither in too large a quantity and there detained VVhich thing seems to us to happen for the following Reason to wit For as much as the Pituity of the thin Guts especially that sticking to the sides lest they should be hurt by the abounding Humours being in too great a quantity by reason of the immoderate Exercises of the Body and perhaps by an over-much use of hot Aliments or by some Error committed in the six Non-Naturals is dissolved and with other Humours carryed to the Heart by the Milky Veines From whence by the Order of Circulation this Phlegmatick Matter together with the rest of the Blood is driven to the Pancreas and being separated in its Glandules with the Pancreatick Juyce it enters the Lateral Ducts of the Pancreas in which either by the External Cold or of that Bowel it concreteth and is Coagulated by which reason it obstructeth either one or more of the Laterall Ducts VVe think the accesses of intermitting Feavers ought to be ascribed to the Pancreatick Juyce stagnant in one or more of the Lateral Ducts by reason of an Obstruction and one while sooner another while later preparing a way for it self through the Obstructing Phlegme by its Acrimony increased and not only causing a Vitious Effervescency in the small Gut but being every way carryed especially to the Heart produceth a more frequent and preternatural Pulse Which that it may more clearly appear we shall spend a little time in the unfolding thereof That Coagulation which we have mentioned to happen in the Pancreatick Juyce we have some-time observed in a Dog whose Juyce we endeavoured to collect in the Winter time which by the cold of the Ambient Air was so thickned that only a little would flow forth and of a gross Consistency untill the Dog being placed before the Fire between two Pillows began to grow hot from whence the Pancreatick Juyce did flow more Fluid and more Copiously We have observed that the Coagulation of the Pancreatick Juyce hath excited Obstructions in the Lateral Ducts of the Pancreas as in the Year 1663 with the Famous Dr. Sylvius in a certain Woman labouring under an intermitting Feaver into whose Ductus Pancreaticus after Death we injected by a Syringe a very Volatile blewish Liquor which out of the great Duct into which it was cast did penetrate into most of the Lateral Ducts whilst in a few although more near to the Intestinal great Duct by reason of an Obstruction it was stopped From whence by the said Colour the Substance of the Pancreas it self was tinged in one place and not in another The Pancreatick Juyce being stagnant in one or more of the Lateral Ducts by reason of an Obstruction by its delay becometh more sharp and at length perforating the Obstructing Phlegme prepareth it self a passage through the Obstruction into the common or middle Duct until all the detained Juyce being effused the Phlegme as yet adhereing to the sides of the Duct grows together again and by its mutual Reunion renews the Obstruction Whence at length the Pancreatick Juyce is Collected for the following Fit which again by its delay being made more sharp doth again perforate the Obstructing Pituity and produceth a new Paroxysme which Fits return alwayes at the same time as often as the Pituity causing the Obstruction doth occur in the same Quantity and Viscidity with the Pancreatick Juyce of the same Acidity and Acrimony The Pancreatick Juyce is made more sharp by Stagnation in as much as the Animal Spirits do not so straightly embrace it but leave it obstructing Hence therefore by the dissipated Spirits wont to attemper it there redounds a greater Acidity of the Pancreatick Juyce Would you have a Simillitude We will grant it New Ale included in Hogsheads Whether or no by a certain delay it doth not lose its Sweetness Consider that all Wine turns to Vinegar the Spirits being dissipated also that Vinegar it self by delay is made more sharp For every heat dissipating the Animal Spirits causeth every sharp thing to be more sharp So that it ought to seem strange to none if we say that the Pancreatick Juyce by stagnation deserteth its genuine Disposition and passeth into a more acid Acrimony But the Pancreatick Juyce being made more sharp by stagnation and effused into the thin Gut with the Flegmme and Bile stirs up a vitious Effervescency and indeed by reason of such a Pancreatick Juyce stretchings yawnings and horrors are produced and every-where a sence of Cold especially in the Region of the Loynes in which the Fit begins Neither is that first called a Feaver which either the Pancreatick Juyce it self vitiously Effervescing in the small Gut or at least Exhalations from thence arising and at length carryed to the right Ventricle of the Heart and after a certain manner irritating it to a more frequent Contraction of it self But we judge that the Pancreatick Juyce by its acid Acrimony performs this thing although nothing hinders but that something of a Saline Acrimony arising from the Bile may concur because we daily observe that Exhalations do ascend in the Effervescency between Acids and Salts which being moved to the Nose by its
equal space of time perforate the obstructing Pituity and also in an equal space of time will produce the Fit But as often as Ducts of a different Magnitude and Amplitude are equally obstructed by a Viscid Phlegme so often shall we see a Diversity in the Fits in as much as it may sooner and more amply wax sharp in one Duct and thence the Fit may sooner return and more grievously afflict than in another or as often as obstructions do happen in Ducts of the same Magnitude from a Pituity not alike Viscid so often like-wise may the Fits invade the Sick at divers times for as much as the Pancreatick Juyce equally waxing sharp will sooner perforate the less viscid pituity than that which hath a greater Viscidity From those things which we have now propounded it will not be difficult to explain How in a double Tertian or other Compound Feavers one Fit may unexpectedly come in an Hour or two after another For the obstructions may happen in Ducts of the same Magnitude from a Pituity alike Viscid so that one obstruction may be excited the first Hour and another the fourth Hour the which if in Tertians unless some fault as we have said be committed in the six Non naturals the first will again return on the third day the first hour and the second at the fourth Hour c. Which in our judgement affords no small difficulty to those who hold that Intermitting Feavers are brought to a Turgescency by Congestion from an evil habit of the Blood or of the Alimentary Juyce depraved as for example seeing that the Alimentary Juyce depraved doth excite by its Turgescency a feaverish Effervescency in the Blood in the first Hour Why may not that Quantity of the depraved Alimentary Juyce serving to produce another Fit which like-wise begins to swell in the same Blood being in the same Effervescency be enkindled and consumed Truly we favour not that Opinion neither also can wee conceive how in those which are fasting the Feaverish Fits so often beyond measure could be returned at the same time From what hath been said the reason is also manifest wherefore in a double Tertian or Quartane c. the fit doth precisely anticipate or succeed an Hour no other-wise than as they arise from one and the same Lateral Duct For as the whole Pancreatick Juyce and the obstructing Pituity of both grows more or less sharp also the Pituity of both more or less Viscid the Fits of both do equally return sooner or later There are Feavers whose Species by some are difficultly distinguished as for example a Quotidian from a double Tertian or Triple Quartan for of those three Feavers each daily excite one Fit which distinction nevertheless creates no trouble to such as are attentive to the matter For a Quotidian doth ordinarily invade the Sick either at one Hour or equally sooner or later The double Tertian for the most part so hath its Fits that the first access answers to the third and the second to the fourth c. But in a Triple Quartan the first Fit answereth to the fourth and the second to the fifth c. Which things being rightly Considered every one may easily distinguish these Feavers mutually from one another unless some external fault disturb the order or frame of the Body either in whole or in part The diversity of those Symptomes so variously occurring doth not overthrow those things which we have propounded concerning intermitting Feavers especially of heat and cold seeing that diversity dependeth upon a diverse Constitution of the rest of the Humours existent in the Body For otherwise a fit of a tertian Feaver happening to a Body replenished with much Bile and that sufficiently sharp would last far longer than a fit happening to that Body where but little bile and that as yet temperate is remaining Also a greater or lesser quantity of phlegme as likewise plenty of other humours abounding in the body may not a little augment this diversity But because it may not suffice to have said that the primary Symptomes of intermitting Feavers are heat and cold it behoveth that we here also annex our Opinion concerning their Cause and Original We Judge that the cold of intermitting Feavers draws its Original from the more acid Pancreatick Juice and heat especially from a more acrimonions Bile the former is evinced by the assumption of acid things as Galen proveth in a thousand places from things helping and hurting that acids are cold and do produce cold and that not only in the sick but also in the sound in which sometimes we see alike Cold to have been excited as those which are feaverish are wont to suffer and any one may observe if acids be taken by those which are feaverish in the time of the cold fit that the feaverish cold will be encreased after a wonderful manner He that refuseth to believe these our observations let him read Galen De Simp. Med. Facult where he saith Every Acid as it is only acid is plainly cold whether it be a Pear or an Apple the Juice of Grapes or Rasberies or Mulberies punick Apples or any other Fruit or Juice or Plants as sharp pointed Dock or Sorrel for that it appears to the tast that there is a vehement Acidity inherent in it neither may any thing be prefer'd before it for its Acrimony you shall find this Juice altogether cooling c. as also in the same Book Cap. 7. and in infinite other places he teacheth that Acids are cold and produce cold in our Bodies That the qualities of Humours are to be known by their effects Hyppocrates Lib. De Vet. Med. Text. 39. 5. doth diligently inculcate Know that the chief Forces of Humours is in their acid Faculty which likewise in the 23. of the same from manifest things which behoveth to be Learned without the Body he manifestly teacheth Moreover Lib. de Locis in Homine Text 56. 10. He saith that Acids are also pituitous which in Lib. de Natura Humana Text. 12. 2. He manifestly declares to be most cold of all things existing in the Bodie The which unless it were true untowardly would Galen in his whole Book concerning Food in acute Diseases and those who are his diligent followers prescribe an acid medicamentous Diet in acute Feavers Although no man perhaps can easily deny heat to proceed from the Bile in regard we see that our natural heat is much augmented by the assumption of bitter and aromatick Aliments and Sauces augmenting Choler and making it more sharp Besides both is proved by the Remedies exhibited diminishing or taking away those Symptomes For we see clearly that by medicines infringing the Acidity the Cold is attempered and taken away and we likewise observe that by medicines tempering the Bile especially Acids the heat is lessened as we shall presently in many things further Demonstrate From whence every one may easily imagine the Reason why for the most part the fits of intermitting Feavers are begun
Tasts found in the Pancreatick Juyce doth not exclude its Acidity 58. The Effervescency between the Bile and the Pancreatick Juyce is demonstrated by Experiments ibid. What Effervescency may sometimes happen in the Sick 61. That there is a hot and cold Effervescency is evinced by Observations and Experiments ib. What Effervescency happeneth in the Sound 62. Wherefore the Effervescency is not perceived in the time of Health ibid. The Palpitation of the Heart 63. The first Vtility of the Intestinal Effervescency ibid. The Effects of diverse Effervescencies are propounded 65. The greater or lesser Affinity of Acids with things dissolved 66. The Reason is examined Why acids do more powerfully joyn themselves to these than other Liquors 67. How the Aliments in the Stomach differ from those in the Guts ibid. That the cause of that Mutation is to be ascribed to the Pancreatick Juyce or Bile p. 68. The white Colour of the Chyle from whence it proceeds 69. The Second Vtility of the Intestinal Effervescency ibid. An Objection against the Alleadged Vtility from the Effervescency 70. The Solution of that Objection ibid. The Separation of what Particles may happen by the sole Fermentation of the Aliments 71. What Particles of Aliments are necessary to Life ibid. The Vtility of the Intestinal Effervescency is farther described 72. The way whereby the more Subtile parts of the Humours penetrate to the Heart from the Intestines ibid. The Natural Consistency of the Blood from whence it proceeds 73. Whether or no the Pancreatick Juyce may afford a Ferment to the Stomach 74. For what reason the Pancreatick Juyce doth incrassate the Bile ibid. For what reason it attenuates the Bile 75. What the Pancreatick Juyce effects being well and what being ill disposed ibid. That the Pancreas is the cause of many Diseases is witnessed by famous Physitians 76. The Order of their Calling ibid. The Diseases where-with the Substance of the Pancreas is wont to be infested 77. The History of the Pancreas of Thuanus grown into an admirable Magnitude 78. That the Pancreas is not the Vicar or Helper of the Spleen 79. Various Abscesses of the Pancreas found in dead Bodies ibid. Cancer 80. The History of it concreted into a stony Hardness 81. Stones ibid. That all the Glandules are Obnoxious to Stones 82. That the Pineal Glandule is more frequently afflicted with Stones in France than in Holland ibid. That the Pancreaas doth not alwayes follow the evil Affections of the Liver or Spleen ib. The Vices of the Pancreatick Juyce 83. The Pancreatick Juyce wherefore more sparingly driven to the Intestines ibid. Why more copiously propelled to the Intestines 84. Why inequally divided into the Guts ibid. Why it may be more Fluid 85. Why more Viscid ibid. The Vices of the Pancreatick Juyce perceptible to the Tast ibid. the lesser Acidity of the Pancreatick Juyce from whence 86. It s Acidity increased from whence ibid. It s Salsity from whence ibid. The cause of Austerity is searched into 87. The Faults of the Pancreas what Functions they hurt 88. The Faults of the Pancreatick Juyce what Functions they hurt 89. If it be sent to the Guts in a lesser Quantity ib. If it be carryed to the Guts in a greater Quantity 90. If it be inequally moved to the Guts 92. If more Fluid ibid. If more Viscid 93. If it be less Acid. ibid. Running-Pain in the Left-side from whence it ariseth ibid. Wherefore Melancholy men are less subject to the Plague than Cholerick ibid. Why the Blood of those who are infected with the Plague will not Coagulate ibid. That Volatile Salts do make the Blood more fluid 94. That Acidity is the cause of the Blood Coagulating ibid. That an Acid is the best Preservative in the time of a Plague 95. That a more Acid Pancreatick Juyce is the cause of Cold in the Region of the Loynes 96. Of Pain and Torment of the Belly ib. Of Black and Eruginous Bile ibid. That the Spleen doth not generate Atra-Bilis 97. A rare Observation demonstrating to the Eye the Generating of Atra-Bilis ibid. The Pancreatick Juyce together with other Humours is joyntly examined ibid. What Effervescency is excited between a dull Pancreatick Juyce and a more sharp Bile 98. A more sharp Pancreatick Juyce meeting with a sharper Bile what it effecteth 99. What Effervescency is excited between a sharper Pancreatick Juyce and a more dull Bile 100. The Diseases arising from the Pancreatick Juyce 102. The cause of Intermitting Feavers to be ascribed to the Pancreas ibid. A more Acid Pancreatick Juyce the cause of the Gout 103. The cause of a great Appetite and Hunger ibid. The Cause of difficult Breathing and a dry Cough 104. The Cause of those outragious Epileptick Fits which the Dutch call Stuypiens 105. The Cause of Contraction of the Pulse and Swounding ibid. The cause of Convulsions 106. The cause of the Strangury 107. The cause of Malignant Vlcers ibid. The cause of the Adstriction of the Belly 108. The cause of Melancholy and Diseases from thence proceeding ibid. An Answer to an Objection That it cannot excite the Atra-Bilis 109. It is demonstrated by Examples that Acids may stir up divers Colours ibid. The reason thereof searched into 110. How Acidity may abound in their Bodies who are not conversant in the Vse of Acids 111. It is demonstrated that the austere Pancreatick Juyce may be the cause of the Suffocation of the Womb. 112. A wonderful Effect of the Pancreatick Juyce being tasted 113. That men do sometimes labour under the like Hysterick Suffocations ibid. The Cause and manner of the Generation of Mother Fits 114. The cause of the Hypocondriack Affection ib. A Salt Pancreatick Juyce is the cause of a Diarhaea ibid. How the Pancreatick Juyce is to be corrected 116. If it be effused more sparingly by reason of Viscidity or Obstruction ibid. If it flows more largely 117. Purgers Electively given ibid. Nothing of Excrement driven by the Purges through the Meseraick Arteries into the Instines 118. That Purging Medicaments may operate as happily by the Venae Lacteae ibid. The Correction of the over-fluid Pancreatick Juyce ibid. It s too much Acidity corrected 119. The Correction of its Austerity 120. It s Salsitude rectified ibid. The History of Agues or Intermitting Feavers 121. The Pathognomick Signe of a Feaver 122. The cause of a Feaver determined to be four-fold ibid. That there is a different cause of Continual and Intermitting Feavers 123. VVhat the Minera of Intermitting Feavers is 124. That it is not to be found in the Blood ibid. The Swiftness of the Bloods Circulation ib. That the Stagnation of the Blood cannot produce the cause of Intermitting Feavers ib. The cause and manner of the Generating of Inflamations ibid. That all the Humours described in the Schools are not to be found neither do they ever raise a manifest Effervescency 125. That the Focus of Intermitting Feavers hath been by many rightly sought in the Abdomen but ill ascribed to the Miseraick Veins the Duplicature of the Omentum the Intestine Colon c. ibid. The Focus of Intermitting Feavers to be ascribed to the Pancreas alone 127. The reason thereof examined ibid. An Objection against it answered ibid. That an Obstruction of the Ductus Pancreaticus is the cause of Intermitting Feavers 128. The Generation of an Obstruction in the Pancreatick Duct 129. The cause of the Fits access is the dissolution of that Obstruction 130. The Pancreatick Juyce accompanyed with Viscidity ibid. An Obstruction of the Pancreatick Duct found after Death in one who dyed of a Feaver 129. For what reason the Pancreatick Juyce groweth more sharp 130. In what manner it is made sharp and carryed to the Intestines and there effervesceth with the Humours 131. When that Effervescency may be called Feaverish ibid. The cause of a more frequent Preternatural Pulse ibid. The Division of Intermitting Feavers into Simple and Compound ibid. A Sub-division of the Simple into Quotidians Tertians Quartans c. 132. A Sub-division of the Compound according to the Feavors of which they are compounded ib. A Division of Intermitting Feavers into Cold and Burning ibid. The Essence of Intermitting Feavers consists not in Heat ibid. A Division of Intermitting Feavers according to their Symptomes 134. The reason of the return of the Fits sometimes daily other-while every Third or Fourth day ibid. The inequal Intermediate Space of Intermitting Feavers ibid. The cause of that Inequality 135. How long the Feaverish Fits may return and when wholly cease ibid. The cause of Intermitting Feavers both Simple and Compound 136. The reason of the same and of a diverse Species of Intermitting Feavers ibid. Why in Compound Intermitting Feavers the Fit of one doth precede supervene or follow the Fit of another 137. That Intermitting Feavers cannot proceed from an evil Diathesis of the Blood ibid. The reason why the Fits of Compound Feavers sometimes come sooner or later than their usual Hour 138. How Quotidians Double Tertians and Trible Quartans may be known ibid. The diversity of Heat and Cold of the Fits from whence 139. The cause of the Feaverish Heat and Cold inquired into ib. That acids are Cold and do produce Cold. ib. That the Bile exciteth Heat in the body 141. Why the Fits of Intermitting Feavers do usually began with Cold and Terminate with Heat ibid. Why Acid Vomitings and Belchings are rather to be deduced frrm the Pancreas than the Stomach 142. The Symptomes perceived in the Region of the Loynes in the time of the Cold Fit signifie the Male affection of the Pancreas 143. In what manner the Cure of Intermitting Feavers is to be performed 145. Medicaments tempering the Feverish Cold. ibid. Wherefore Medicines against the Feaver are to be exhibited in the very instant of the Fit 146. Medicaments tempering the Feaverish Heat 147. To asswage the Thirst ibid. When drink is to be allowed the Feaverish and when not 149. What Medicaments are to be given out of the time of the Fit and how to be accommodated to the Symptomes ibid. What Diet is to be prescribed for those afflicted with a Feaver 150. FINIS * The Origin is Thalamus Plin Epist 2 lib. 6. Surely this is an Hyperbole i. e. the Dutch