contending passions fear prevaileth over Anger the Face waxeth pale the Blood flowing back to the heart and these symptomes arise according to the vehemency of the abated or contracteâ— heat But if on the contrary Angeâ— get the dominion over Fear the Blooâ— runs violently into the Face the Eyeâ— look red and sometimes they even fome at the mouth There is another kind of Shame which the Latines call Verecundia and we Shamefastness in which there is a certain Flux and Reflux of heat and blood first recoiling to the heart then presently rebounding from them again but that motion is so gentle that the heart thereby suffers no oppression nor defect of Spirits Wherefore no accidents worthy to be spoken of arise from thence this effect is familiar to young Maids and Boys who if they blush for a Fault committed unawares or through carelesness it is thought an Argument of a vertuous and good disposition CHAP. VI. Tractatus de Scorbuto OR A Tract concerning the Scurvy The Description of the Scurvy with the internal and next Cause which is radicated mostly in the Blood and Nervous Liquor IN the ancient Medicine there is so little mention made of this Disease which we in our dayes câ—ll the Scurvy and there is so sparing a description made of it that some have doubted whether there have been any such Diâ—ease as is now almost Epidemical in manâ— places where in former times it was nâ— known and with which almost all dâ— labour or think that they are afflicteâ— This Disease it is apparent did put for â— it self in former times but it s own Oâ— springs as in the Lues Venerea and Riâ—kets were discovered long after Yâ— this Disease although known by othâ— Names and observed by the Ancienâ— and also the Cure of it hath been dâ—vered to the succeeding Ages by â— more dull wits as appears sufficiently the Testimonies of Hypocrates Aretiâ— Pliny and others There is little to â— said as to the various Appellations this Disease yet I shall give you a touâ— We shall therefore proceed to the opâ—ing and right Explication of it whâ— yet hath been so diffused and doth â—tend it self to such Variety and Multiâ—city of Symptomes that not one dâ—nition or scarce any single descriptâ— can comprehend it Howsoever not wholly to pass it oâ— we have little among Authors thaâ— certain yet among the ancient Mastâ— of Medicine there are various Naâ— appropriate to this disease of which some are taken from the Disease some from the symptomes as it appears from Celsus and others where it is taken from the various symptomes of this Disease Which shall be handled when we come to discover the symptomes signs or evil â—nd pernicious Concomitants of this formidable Disease As to the Name Scorbutus it takes its Original from Scorbuck a Danish word â—ut used by the Saxons and borderers â—pon the German Sea and in Latine by some Gingipediâ—um because that in this Disease the Gums and Feet are infected â—ith a corrupt Blood and thence one inâ—ication of a right manner of Cure is taâ—en to be well atchieved by a well munâ—ifying and cleansing of the Blood Pliâ—y in his Natural History calls it Stomaâ—ace and Sceletyrbe and of his Opinion â—s Strabo in his Book of Geographa but â—thers suppose this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be a speâ—es of the Palsie However or in what â—anner this Disease was found to shew â—orth its symptomes in those dayes when â—s it was but in its Infancy in process of â—me we find it hath arrived to the pitch â—f one of the most formidable Dseases incâ—dâ—nt to these Northern Climates oâ— morâ—â—pidemical than most other distempers To stand much upon the â—â—me and from thence to suppose to deduâ— any thinâ— of the Nature and Essence â— this Disâ—aâ—â— does seem difficult if not iâ—possible bâ—câ—use as was binted beforâ— these Appâ—â—â—â—â—ions seem to take theâ— rise chiefly 〈◊〉 the symptomes whicâ— appear to be â—o numerous that as wâ— said no one single Definition can coâ—prehend it Notwithstanding some have thus dâ—fined it that it is a corruption of cruâ— humours and mostly of Atrabilis refuâ—ing from the Compass of the â—elly aâ— contained Bowels buâ— most of all froâ— the stuffing and intemperature of tâ— Spleen which is proper and peculiar that part And it also acquires â— diffâ—ing degree of putridness from the maâ—cious form and species of other humouâ— and it weakens and 〈◊〉 by littâ— and little by a 〈◊〉 Fertility â— symptomes all the 〈◊〉 of the Bodâ— the Bowels serving and dedicated Nuâ—â—â—tion â—nd placed 〈…〉 Regâ—on â—â— thâ— Bâ—â—y are â—â—â—â—â—pted â—he Suâ—ject and do administâ—r the Original â— this Disease But above the rest it is chiefly attributed to the Spleen in truth the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of it the Liver being sound the attraction is hindered by the intemperature and obstruction of the atrabilous humour which for that cause being mixed with the blood doth infect the whole Body with a consuming or pining corruption This definition carryes in it a great proportion with the Disease viz. In respect of the chief Seat the Spleen and the other incompassed Bowels Secondly in respect of the humour which is Atrabilious or burnt Choler Thirdly with respect to the Cause the obstruction of the parts destinated to Nutrition Fourthly to the Numerousness of the Symptomes which are very many Fifthly as to the End which is very afflicting And lastly the corrupting the Blood which as such is accompted the Parent of this Disease all which shall be further demonstrated and illustrated by that which follows CHAP. VII The Manner of the Generation of the Scurvy PHysicians have laboured much to dâ—monstrate the Manner of the production of this Disease and the moâ— evident is taken from an Analogy thâ— the Fermentations of Wines bare â— the Fermentations and Concoctions â— our Food received into our Body anâ— the various alterations that it suffers bâ— our innate heat and other Concomitanâ— of producing Chyle and the fitting it iâ— the various work-houses of our Body â— the great end to which it is designeâ— viz. the Nourishing of our body anâ— to this Analogy it is observable that tâ— Juice expressed from the Grapes begiâ— in short time to put forth it self into mâ—tion and by this there is by a certaiâ— Fermentation an Alteration and a Rariâ—cation the gross and dull is made spiritâ—ous and lively the thick is made thiâ— the tart is made sweet and pleasant Anâ— that that was unfit to be taken into ouâ— Bodyes by reason of its heterogeneit is by this Fermentation made most homogeneous or Friendly to our Nature but in this there are several things or accidents observable First that when the Faeces are separated and cast to the bottom if they are again elevated to motion or if any heterogeneous thing not agreeable to it as Fat or any Exotick Sulphur be cast into the Vessel from thence there will arise a notable perturbation which unless it be
lengtâ— of time there is perceived a livid colour of thâ— Face and there appears other tokens of Melancholy prevailing A Scirrhus is a hard Tumor of the Spleen having its rise from an indurated gross humour it hath the same Cause with a Scirrhus in the Liver and both have the same diagnostick signs save onely in the Scirrhus of the Spleen the hardness and resistance is perceived in the left Hypochondria Sometimes a pain afflicts the Spleen without hardness and that rises from a flatus which distendeth not onely the substance of the Spleen which is almost without sense but also the encompassing Membrane it self It is distinguished from the pain of the Collick by this that it is more grievous and fixed onely in a place An Inflammation of the Spleen is of the same nature with an Inflammation of the Liver it differs onely in this that this is very seldom from pure blood but most frequently from gross and melancholly blood and it hath the same Cause as well the Adjunct as the Antecedent The Signs are a Tumor and hardness in the left Hypochondria stretched forth to the Diaphragma and Shoulder also there 's a pain and pulsation in the same Hypochondria a continual Fever a loathing of Meat a thirst a small blackness of the Tongue they are most troubled lying upon their right side because of the weight of the Bowels lying upon the Stomach and sometimes also the left if the Tumor be great and sometimes this Tumor is of the figure and form of the Spleen and sometimes it filleth the whole left Hypochondria and sometimes it appears below the Navel the multiplyed matter occupying the neighbouring parts and especially the Navel A TENESMVS A Tenesmus is a continual cruel eager desire to go to Stool but in vain for that they can discharge nothing from them or little oâ— no Excrements come away Nevertheless they ought to cast forth something and when they have they are stirred up with new desires to go to Stool although by endeavour they caâ— do nothing The part affected in this Evil iâ— the Extremity of the right Gut the Cause is any thing that stirres up the Expulsive Faculty of the right Gut as an Exulceration of the righâ— Gut from a Dysentery or from a sharp biting and salt humour sticking to a Tumor of the neighbouring parts also a Stone sticking in the neck of the bladder also a cold intemperature of the part contracted from sitting upon a colâ— Stone or long stay in the Water Of the DYSVRIE THE Dysurie is a difficulty of Pissing oâ— an Excretion of Urine with great pain and torment it differs from the Strangury by a manifest Effect That in the Strangury or dropping of the Urine the bladder doth not tarry till the whole Urine be gathered together but expells it as it were presently with pain but it stayes in the Dysurie and truely continues longer than is meet but when it is discharged the Sick perceives a pain and such difficulty that often-times unless he press the place of the Bladder with the hand or he use great endeavour the Urine flowes not freely Moreover in the Strangury it is neither restrained nor liberal for it is made by drops but in the Dysurie it is liberal but not restrained or if it be not made freely it is wholly restrained The Cause is either in the Urine or in the Neck of the Bladder in the Urine when it passes forth more sharp by reason of a more hot Diet or by the mixtion of sharp and acrid humour as Bile and salt Phlegme or of Pus flowing out of an Abcessus being broke or if there be an Exulceration or Inflammation in the neck of the Bladder which maketh the Urine passing that way sharp By the Name of a Dysurie is sometimes understood that which is called the Heat of Vrine for there are the same Causes in both Of the STRANGVRY 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gutta a Drop and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vrina Urine it is an Excretion of Urine made by drops either with or without pain and a continual desire to make water The Cause of this affect is sharp humours the Stone an Inflammation of the right Gut or of the Womb and also Pus sent from the Reins oâ— Bladder all which produces this affect by stirring up the Expulsive Faculty of the Bladder by reason of the Sphincter Muscle The External Causes are the drinking of Wine or faeculent Beer eating of crude Aliments as Pease Beans c. And this Diseasâ— is sometiâ—â—s mixed with the Ischury and Dysury CHAP. XIV The Leues Venerea LEues Venerea hath obtained variety of names the Neopolitan Disease Malum Indicum the Indian Evil Morbus Italicus the Italian Disease and by Fracastorius Siphilis Pudendagra the Great POX but in common Morbus Gallicus the French POX a name by which it is as well known as any it may aptly be called Flagellum Dei Irati the stroke of a Provoked God It is defined thus The POX is an occult and contagious Disease of the whole substance of the Body bewraying it self by Pustles Marks Ulcers Torments and Pains the Efficient cause is an occult and venomous Quality contracted by contagion and touch and sticking in a certain Humour as the subject but this pernicious spot although it spread it self abroad by various ways yet it is mostly propagate into Mankind by a Venereal Copulation and this Evil being sowed the cruel Symptoms bud through the whole Body the Mind is sad the Body is weary and heavy the Face pale Pustles breaking forth chiefly about the Forehead and then over the whole Body there 's felt a wandring and vehement pain now in the Head anon in the Muscles and by and by in the Joynts and chiefly molesting in the night bewraying it self by a stinking and foeted Gonorrhea Ulcers and Bubo's arise about the Privy-parts there also happen naughty Distillations which do Erode one while the Palate another â—hile the Uvula and sometimes the Jaws and Almonds sometimes consume the Lips in some the Nose in others the Eyes and in some the whole Privy-parts are consumed and all the Members do languish there is no desire to Meat no sleep but sadness and a continual disposition to anger Some time they are accompanied with a small Fever there happens a shedding of the Hair a falling out of the Teeth and when the Malida becomes very inveterate there are Cancerous Calous Fistula's Ulcers and Tophies viz. in various parts of the Body a Caries or Rottenness of the Bones and first in the Cranium then in the Palate and Nose a Hectick Fever a Consumption Cachexia or an evil habit or disposition of the whole Body Falling-Sickness Deafness Blindness Exastocis or bunching out of the Bones and these are done in a double manner either by the adhesion of the gross or viscide matter fixed or fastned to the Bones or in the manner of an Excrescence of the Bone from
speed the person that hath the Jaundise and it is so called Galgulus which if it be beheld by a person that hath the Jaundise the Bird presently dies but the Sick is healed in Latin it is called Aurigo the Kings-evil Regins Morbus Arquatus the Kings Disease or the Kings-evil it is the Effusion of Choller through the whole body the Cause is attributed to an obstruction of the passages of the Bladder of Gaul and biliary Pores and hence the Choller of the Bladder of Gaul destinated to the Intestines the Ductus being abstructed is rejected and is for that Cause disgorged into the Blood from whence it is sent forth every where into the Blood and from thence it is thrust forth every way into the Skin one is called the Yellow and the other the Black and both is produced from one and the same Cause they differ in this that in the Black the Gauley Bladder being longer obstructed so that the particles of the Gaul is so Copiously heaped up being not Concocted they produce a Black Colour not a perfect Yellow to the Blood and Serum the Stools in the Jaundise are whitened but not always the Jaundise thickens the Urine and from thence it looks blackish it suddenly invades a Man and for the most part without a Fever and without any great decays of strength also the Jaundise is produced by reason of the ill Disposition of the Liver from the hot intemperature of the same either with or without an Inflamation It comes in Fevers in manner of a Crisis and also by drinking of Poyson or biting of venomous Beasts by which the whole Mass of Blood looses its former purity and is corrupted into a Citron Colour'd Humour by which means at length the whole Skin is infected and tincted with a Yellow Colour for the Jaundise is known by the Yellow Colour of the whole Body but chiefly perceived in the Whites of the Eyes as also by the dullness and Itching of the Body bitterness of the Tongue Chollerick Vomitings and Sighings CHAP. XXIII The Chollick THis Disease the Chollick takes its Name from the Gut called Colon because it is in that Gut wherein it doth exercise its cruelty and the Torment of it is oftentimes so much that many are most miserably handled by it There is a sad sense of Pain of the Bowels and chiefly of the Colon with the Retention of the Stools arising from a Solution of Continuity The nearest Cause is Solution of Continuity for so great a Pain can scarce draw its original from any intemperature only the material Causes are Winds indurating Excrements stopped in the Intestines especially Chollerick and Fâ—gmatick Humours and sometimes an Inflamation and also Worms and any other matter whether cold or hot and whatsoever can obstruct corode and press the Intestines or much alter them because they are not able to refuse the maliguant matter and these things can stir up the Pain of the Chollick but the matter causing this Pain is sometimes contained in the Cavety and sometimes between the Tunicles or Wrinkles and Folds of the Intestines Among Physitians there is mention made of a Three Fold Chollick of a Windy secondly a Flegmatick and Chollerick That which ariseth from Winds hath mostly a wandring Pain which doth not stay long in the same place but one while upward another while downward and anon wanders into the other side and there Torments by distending the part The Chollerick Humours being the Cause they produce the Collick with the sense of a gnawing Pain and oftentimes it hath accompanying it a thirst and bitter 〈…〉 Mouth That which takes its Rise from vitriated Flegm if stiffly adhering to the Intestines produceth as it were a sense of perforating the Intestines with an All or Stake and is frequently accompanied with a Nauseousness and Vomiting a Retention of Excrements so that sometimes the Wind can neither break upward nor downward and oftentimes a Pain now in this part and anon vehimently infesting another by which the Pains of the Chollick may be distinguished from the Pains of the Gravel and Stone but it is much more manifest if the Pain be in the higher parts of the Reins and vitriated Flegm be ejected by Stool or the Pain hath been quieted either with the Ejection of the indurated Stools or with other matter for these do sufficiently manifest the Chollick other ways as chiefly the place and a stability but otherwise dull pain of the Legs straight upward and the Exclusion of Sand Gravel and Stone doth shew that the pain is the pain from the Stone CHAP. XXIV The Disseases of the Liver THe Liver whose Office it is to receive the Blood from the Vena Portae being seperated from the Gaulish Humour and depurated and to lead it into the Vena Cava it lies open to many and various Diseases such as be hot and cold Intemperatures Obstruction Scirrhus Inflamation and Pain an Obstruction is very familiar to the Liver and it is assaulted with no distemper more than this which is easily done by reason of the small Branches of the Vena Portae dispersed every where into the substance of the Liver the Causes be these First the more obstructed Pores of the part binding things a Contusion Compression and Ligature The second is by reason of the unaptness of the Blood to pass the Pores because of its great Viscidity and Thickness The Third is the Oppression from the plenitude of the part because of a fuller Diet Exercises omitted and suppression of wonted Evacuations Heaviness and Distention with a Dull Pain doth shew this Affect and chiefly if it be in the right Hypochondria and it is chiefly manifest when any one will sustain an Exercise after Meals A Scirrhus of the Liver is a preternatural Tumor in that part hard and resisting the Touch and without pain unless it be strongly prest and it draws its original from a stubborn and inveterate Obstruction for the most part but sometimes though rarely from an Inflamation and this is not done suddenly but step by step for in the first place the Humour the Author of the Obstruction doth fill and stuff the small Veins of the Liver this being done from thence it doth rebound into all the substance of the Viscera and obstructing it and from thence the Veins hence being heaped up much fuller the Liver distendeth into a large heap that it appears swell'd and then being dryed and the thinner part by the force of heat is dissipated so all the rest waxeth hard and by the mixtion of it the substance of the Liver doth wast and at length there is produced a true Scirrhus more easily perceptable especially by the Touch if the Party be tender and the Belly be not fat and the Sick lying straight upon his Face either in the left side for it cannot be discerned without the Touch for it is circumscribed in the Place and Figure of the Liver Moreover it is perceptable easily lying upon the right side but the left
taken frequently for that Consumption of the whole Body which flows from the Ulcers of the Lungs and so this Calamity may be defined it is an Ulceration of the Lungs from a sharp Matter coroding cum febre lenta a Cough with a foul and perulent Spittle by which by little and little the whole Body is Consumed aad Extenuated The Cause of the Phthisis is besides the viscions Constitution of the Lungs a sharp and salt Distillation from the Head as also a sharp Humour from the neighbouring parts cast into the Lungs as Inflamation Suppuration of the pleura mediastina Diaphragma and aspera arteriae which is converted into an Epyema and from those naughty depraved Humours which are generated there is produced a Phthisis and moreover from the broken or eroded Vessels of the Lungs and putrifying there this evil is contracted The Anticedent Causes be viscious Humours Collected in the whole Body which when they be moved or stirred from External Causes and transmitted to the Brain and thence flow into the Lungs and if to this there happens a suppression of other wonted Evacuations of the Hemorhoids vel Mensium The External Causes are Contagious Air very hot or cold or the Autumn Air. Those which are disposed to a Consumption are such who have narraw Breasts their Neck long and narrow and their Shoulders standing up The Signs be these a continual Cough at first a Bloody Spittle and afterwards perulent a small and continual Fever which afflicts most in the might an Extenuation of the whole Body a difficult Respiration the Disease being confirmed the Puss becomes stinking The Hair falls off the Nails are bowed inwards the Cheeks wax Livid the extream part and the Feet sweat and lastly there follows a Diarrhea CHAP. XXX A Catarrh or Rheum THe Head may be said to be the fountain and root almost of all evils and so it is proclaimed to be both from Hypocrates and the rest of the Ancients for when a Catarrh falls from the Head it is the cause of many Diseases for there are few parts of the Body safe from the Incursion of this Enemy the Ears the Eyes the Nose Jaws Lungs the Sides Arms Shoulders Flancks Glandula's Hips Legs and what part is there it doth not Invade for from hence follow Apoplexies Blindness Pleurisies Consumption of the Lungs Palsies Deafness Quinses Orthopnoiae Coughs Horseness Vomitings Inappitency Inflamation of the Liver Bladder and Reins pains of Collick Iliaca passio Fluxes of the Belly and Gouts of all sorts and all Rheumatism and what a Number of Diseases may proceed from a Catarrh so that it deserves to be called the Fountain of all Diseases and Complaints It is by the Latins called Distillatio but from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Name of a Catarrh taken in the largest sence signifyeth a Defluction from the Head to the inferiour parts but when it is taken more strictly it is defined to be a Defluction of an Excrementious Humour from the Head into the Palate Mouth and Lungs having its Rise from the Expulsive faculty of the Brain being excited The Material Cause is a Flegmatick Humour sometimes insipid and sometimes acid salt and sharp and sometimes also corrupt and hurting the substance such as is begotten and gathered in the Head in a contagious or malignant Catarrh or the faculty of the Brain it self being weak chiefly by reason of a moist and cold intemperature for that cause the Head is not able to concoct the Aliment destinated to the Brain neither is it able to dissipate the superfluities begotten there for either by Vice of of the inferiour parts for oftentimes the exhale from below and by studies and business presently after meat are attracted to the Head the Vapours and thick Fumes which the Brain bccause it is not able to beat back the approaching nor dissipate the Fumes already received must retain as in its proper Inn. Thus the Head in this manner being repleated with much Flegm or Vapours condensed into a waterish Humour at length the Expulsive faculty of the Brain being awakened ariseth which being desirous to unburden it self thrusteth forth the burden with which it is over much prest plentifully to the lower parts The External Causes which do either multiply or press out this Excrementious Humour and excite it to a Defluction is the more cold Air Northerly Wind cold Medicines applied to the Head a sudden change or mutation out of a hot Air into cold and so on the contrary the immoderate use of the more thin and clear Winds as also by the flowing of hot Humours hence it is that Catarrhs are more frequent in the Spring season also hot Baths unseasonable friction of the Head with hot cloaths vehiment Motions of Mind and Body heat of the Sun long Sleep over much Watching night Studies some Catarrhs are cold some hot others sweet some salt and some are suffocating when they rush with violence into the Lungs so that they expose a person to the hazard of suffocating and lastly some are contagious CHAP. XXXI A Dysenterie GAllen hath stated four Differences of bloody Dejections The first is when the Blood is cast forth pure by Stool by reason that there is an Imposthume in some inward part or from wonted or accustomed Evacuations is intermitred or from such like cause The second sort is when the Matter Ejected is like Water in which raw flesh hath been washed and this is called Hepatick or Flux of the Liver But the third is an Excretion of Black and shining Blood and this is Gold Melancholly But the fourth and last is a Dysentery in this the Intestines are primarily affected which does appear by the Torments and Gripings of the Belly and it is defined thus it is a frequent crude and perulent Dejection with pain and ulceration of the Belly and Intestines from a sharp Matter Eroding which is peculiarly contrary to the Intestines The next causes are certain sharp Humours obtaining a peculiar and an occult disposition with which the Intestines are Infested and Exulcerated The remote causes are naughty and unsuitable Food Musty Drinks Water that runs through Leaden and Old Pipes the use of Autumnal Fruits as of Grapes and other such like venomous and violent Medicines the Air in the Spring being hot and dry after a rainy aed slabby Winter accompanyed with Southerly Winds for oftentimes this Disease is stirred up at the end of Summer and beginning of Autumn and in Countries very hot for it doth shew forth very much Contagion in those hot parts of the World in the production of this Affect The parts affected are the Intestines sometimes the thick sometimes the thin and sometimes both if this distemper be in the thiner Bowels it bewrayeth it self very much in these following Signs The Torments do come by longer intervails the pain is more sharp and sheweth it self to be about or above the Navel the Feces and Blood are very much confounded and mixed together because
THE SICK-MANS RARE JEWEL WHEREIN Is discovered a speedy way how every Man may recover lost Health and prolong Life how he may know what Disease he hath and how he himself may apply proper Remedies to every Disease with the Description Definition Signs and Syptoms of those Diseases VIZ. The Scurvy Leues Venerea Gonorrhea Dropsies Catarrhs Chollick Gouts Madness Frensies of all sorts Fever Jaundise Consumptions Ptisick Swoundings Histerick Passions Pleurisies Cachexia's Worms Vapours Hypochondriack Melancholly Stone Strangury with the whole Troop of Diseases most afflicting the Bodies of Men Women and Children with a supply of suitable Medicines as also a Catalogue of the choicest Arcanas specificated to every Disease Curing cito tuto Jucunde with many other things profitable to be known A piece profitable for every Person and Family and all that Travel by Sea or Land O Sanitas tu hominibus maximum bonum By B. A. LONDON Printed by T. R. and N. T. and are to be Sold by the Booksellers and by the Author at the Sign of the Angel against the Church-door at the upper end of Thredneedle-street near the Royal-Exchange M DC LXXIV THE PREFACE FRâ—â—ndly 〈◊〉 Health and long 〈◊〉 are Two tâ—ings whâ—â—â— conduce so â—uâ—h to â—he happiness of Man and are 〈…〉 table to thâ— principals of Nature as that there is noâ—hing more desirable that this may be attained you are here instructed into the right way how you may enjoy these so desirable Jewels the Subject is the Knowledge of Diseases but the end is Health and long Life Rich Jewels of great Price whose commonness much abates the value of its Worth and of Vniversal Concern for who is there from the highest to the lowest that 's not concerned in this Subject of procuring and preserving Health how is this Microcosm this little World the Body of Man besieged with Enâ—mies viz. Diseases the most formâ—dable you have here presented to your view and discovered from their first approach so that every person bâ— a view of this Book may know â—hat the Disease is that he or she is asâ—â—ulted with and for as much as Diâ—â—ases to steal upon us many times by little dnd little that many are past Câ—â—e by ahat time they come to know what they ail for Instance in the Scurvy and Hectick and we have known not a few in the Venereal Disease surprised some who though they have been dabling have not considered the hazard till a Dart struck through the Liver as a Bird hasteth to the Snare and knoweth not that it is for their life by which means they have not wronged themselves alone but their Relations through their Ignorance and unweariness whereas did they know what Disease they had it is to be hoped they would look out for Cure This Book will prove of use to some who by the means of ignâ—rant or unnatural Relations are infected with this Disease as it happens many time to the first sort of these viz. Women and are for a long time distempered and hardly discover it till approaching death and others very difficultly Cured of which sort we have Cured which by the means of this little Book may timely know themselves infected and with less hazard disgrace and infamy to themselves and Families and with lesser Charge obtain their Cure And there is yet another sort and these are Persons of Quality such as take Nurses into their Houses to nurse their Children and those also that put out their Childen to Nurse how useful this Piece may be to such you may guess when you consider how much surprizing grief trouble and ruine is often brought into Families by infected Nurses contracted sometimes from their Pocky Husbands sometimes from the sucking of Pocky Children It is near Forty Years since we made an Observation upon the sad Event of a Poor Woman nursing a Sisters Child that was Pocky by which she was Infected and then her Husband and lastly her Child to the Number of Three or Four of which all perished miserably some at home and some in the Hospital many such warnings we have had in latter Years Now this Book will instruct all such how to examine Nurses by such necessary question and to make such pertinent and skilful Observations that they need rarely be deceived by which your persons will be secured from danger your little ones from miserable ruine and your Families from a blot and â—he â—onted Disputes who must he the â—ause prâ—vented which I hope you do not look upon as a small benefit Next you have that Epidemical Disease the Scurvy deliniated so clearly yet briefly that you may know its first approach and apply your selves to timely Cure and prevention by observing all its Symptoms you may know the least Vestigium of this Disease according to the description of its various Concomitants with the prescription of convenient and suitable Remedies As also you have in this Book the most Excellent sure specificated Arcana's propounded that will Cure cito tuto Jucunde so that first none need delay their Cure with those Medicines though suitable yet not so speedy and certain as these Arcana's of ours And secondly those whose Diseases have arrived to the highest pitch may not without the use of these suppose themselves incurablè And for as much as temperance in the use of those things called by Physicians res non naturales are very necessary to the preserving Health and prolonging Life you have here propounded what Foods are convenient for persons of any Complexion viz. Sanguine Chollerick Melanchollick and Flegmatick as also many things necessary to be known concerning Bread Beer Wine Tobacco c. such things which have no small influence upon our Bodies to alter and dispose them to Health or Sickness so that every person of what Degree soever may by this piece know how to govern himself but in Cases extraordinasy you may apply your selves to those more powerful Arcana's which are â—ble 〈◊〉 â—â—ll up the seminal Causes of Diseases by the Roots And there are many Persons of Quality and Countrey Gentlemen that do much good to their poor Neighbours and Tenants and are provided with convenient Medicines and good Receipts that may far better know how and what to use by the help of this Book than before the Disease being so plainly deliniated and described And then for as much as there be many Ladies and Persons of Quality that though they are little tainted with the Scurvy yet some small approach they may perceive by a kind of envy and spight of one of their best Ornaments viz. their well set Teeth by staining scaling and roting for which our Remedy for that is infallible and whosoever useth it will find it so There are yet another sort of Practicers and Countrey Physicians who meet with stubborn and rebellious Diseases who scorn the force of common Medicines of which sort is the Scurvy and Leues Venerea confirmed We suppose we can pleasure such not a little
and preserved by the use of their like and coâ—traries are destroyed by their contrâ—ries and weary his body by violeâ— Exercises and continual labour Anâ— if there be a suppression of choleriâ— Excrements which before did freelâ— flow either by Nature Will or Art bâ— whosoever seeds upon meats generâ—ting gross blood as Beef Venisoâ— Hare old Cheese and all salt meats without all doubt sliding from his Nâ—ture will fall into a melancholy teâ—per especially if to that manner Diet he shall have avocation full cares turmoils miseries strong aâ— much study carefull thoughts and feaâ— and also if he sit much wanting Exâ—cise for so the inward heat as it wâ— defrauded of its nourishments faiâ— and growes dull whereupon gross aâ— drossie humours abound is gone out of the belly shall stuffe his panch with more Who presently after meat runs into violent Exercises who inhabit cold and moist places who lead their life at ease in all idleness and lastly who suffer a suppression of the phlegmatick humour accustomely evacuated by Vomit Cough or blowing the Nose or any other way either by Nature or Art Certainly it is very convenient to know these things that we may discern if we at the present be phlegmatick melancholick or of any other temper whether he be such by Nature or Necessity Of Spirits IN order of Nature that that offers it self to the next hand is concerning Spirits A Spirit consider as a part of a man and that which enters our Constitution is defined to be an aiery thin and clear substance the seat of the native heat the Vehiculum of the Faculties and Instrument of the out-going Functions and of these there be two sorts one is the In-nate and the other is the In-flowing Spirit The In-nate Spirit is that which is put into every Similar part by the Principles of Generation and that which of the Greeks is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and is the Foundation of the Humidum radicale The In-flowing Spirit is that which breaks forth from elsewhere and nourisheth and preserveth the Faculty and innate heat carrying it every where to the acting the Functions Of this In-flowing Spirit there be three kinds Animal Vital and Natural The first is the Animal Spirit anâ— that which is begotten from the Vital Spirit and the inspired Aire intâ— the Ventricle of the Brain and distributed by the motive and sensitivâ— Nerves giving sence and motion to thâ— whole Body The Vital Spirit is that which is begotten in the left bosome of the heart and the prepared Aire in the Lungs whence it is distributed to all the partâ— by the Arteries The Natural Spirit which goes forth from the Liver by the Veins with the Blood is poured forth into the Extream parts of the Body the Author of Generation Nutrition and Increase Of the Faculties A Faculty it is the Innate power of the Soul used to the performance of Actions and it is defined by Galen to be the Effecting Cause of Actions and therefore is call'd a Faculty Quod quae facit facere possit So that is understood by the Name of a Faculty which hath a power to doe and these Faculties are stated to be Animal Vital and Natural And that is the Animal Faculty which is onely proper to the Animal and for that cause it is so called That is Vital which the Vital begets in the heart and is sent forth from thence by the Arteries for the preservation of Life whence also it receives the Name of Vital The Natural Faculty is that which is in the Liver and sends Aliment to all the parts of the Body by the Veins Of Actions AN Action proceeds from a Faculty call'd in Latine a Function and therefore also they call it an Operation And as an Action so also a Function is three-fold Animal Vital and Natural But Action is defined by Galen to be of two sorts Animal and Natural From the Animal they are call'd Anamae Actiones but from the Animale Actiones Animi CHAP. V. Of Things not Natural THese Res non Naturales are sâ— call'd because they are not oâ— the number of those which enter into the Constitution or Composuâ— of mans Body as the Elements Humors and the rest which have been briefly mentioned already There are six thing which are Res non Naturales The ambient Aire Meat and Drink Sleep and Watching Motion and Quiet Excretion and Retention and Perturbation of the Mind in the right use of which doth consist the prâ—â—ervation of Health And to this purpose that Aire is to be Aire chosen which is neither thick nor rimy nor cloudy neither neer to standing Pools or Rivers but thin and serene neither too hot nor too cold neither too dry nor too moist neither infected with the ill Gales of Lakes common Sewers Sinks nor the filthy breath that is exhaled from dead Carkases nor corrupted by putrifying Dungs or any thing that sends forth filthy fumes neither that which is sent forth by windes out of the Mountains into the Vales and Caves and shut up in other hollow places but pure and thin Of Meats THat Food is to be chosen which is Of Meat of good Juice easie of Concoction that hath not much Excrementitious matter but Food of an ill Juice is to be rejected the particulars of which you will hear more hereafter upon treating of the Scurvy Those are call'd Foods of good Juice which are neither too hot nor too cold dry or moist but â—emperate neither too glutinous nor too thin but of a Medium because they beget good Blood that is neither too thick nor too thin The Quantity of Food must be measured Quantity by the Ability of the Concoctive Faculty and of whole Natures Ability to distribute that which is requisite to the nourishment to every part and therefore the quantity must not abound the power of the native heat and to this end it must be well chewed and ground by the teeth that being swallowed into the stomach the first shop of Nature it may be the easier concocted The Time of taking Food must not Time be before the fore-received Food be cast out by the power of the Expulsive Faculty into the Guts out of the Stomach The Drink must be Beer well boy'ld The drink made of Barley-malt or mixed with Oats it must not be red nor white neither sharp or soure but well boyl'd if Beer and clear and pure of good odour The Quantity of Drink must answer Quantity of drink the Quality of the received Food for if the Food be more solid and dry the Drink may be more liberal where the meats are more moist the Drink must be the less Much swashing of the stomach with The Time drink at Meals is disapproved as unwholsom and yet it must not be too sparing because that will not quench the thirst which is to be regarded As to the Time of Drink as Hunger doth admonish us when to eat so Thirst
abound with Wind and affords too little good Aliment In some Shireâ— in England and also in Wales they make bread of Oats in manner of Cakes but this Bread though it be of light digestion yet it is windy and affordeth but â— weak nourishment to the body it is pleasant while new but dry and unsavourâ— if kept a little space But God having generally bless'd thiâ— Nation with plenty of Wheat Barly anâ— Rye we shall chiefly speak of them anâ— of these three Wheat may claym thâ— preheminence as being of the best temperature for it is soonest digested anâ— affords the best and most laudable anâ— strongest nourishment and is accommodated to all Constitutions Ages Sexâ— and Climates if it may be had wherefore it is in want of this if any make shift with any other but this bread iâ— purer or more impure according to thâ— sineness or coaâ—seness of the flower oâ— which it is made The Meal is divided into three sortâ— Simila Secundarium and Furfures buâ— some being more curious will have fouâ— parts Pollen Simila Secundarium anâ— Furfures Pollen is the very finest and purest paâ— of the flower and of this is made the finest and purest bread and most profitable for weak loose thin and extenuated bodies but not so good for those that be strong and healthy The second is that which is called Simila and this is the mean between the finest part of the flower and the coarsest Secundarium with the finest part of the flower is made the best nourishing and wholsomest bread and most used of Families of greatest worth But that bread which by some is called Second Bread or Secundarium is that which is most used in the houses of Farmers and Yeomen this Bread doth not give so great nor so good nourishment as the former because it hath in it the finer part of the bran but it quickly forsaketh the stomack and maketh the body soluble especially if tender and weak but it is therefore profitable for such as be costive And to this some adde a little Rye and that makes a Bread very good for strong and healthy bodies But bread made of the more branny part of the Meal gives a very bad and Excremental Nourishment to the body and by some is called Panis Cancarius but if the Wheat and Rie being mixed and the courser part of the bran separated by a sierce there will be made a brown houshold Loaf very agreeable to Labourers But that bread that is in most use and best for Families in common is when the coursest part of the branne is sifted out of Wheat-meal and this is wholsome and easie enough digested and make the body soluble and fittest for healthy bodies for there iâ— an abstersive faculty in the bran by Reason of an acid and penetrating spirit which he that is but meanly skilfull iâ— the first may discover as also the branâ— when but in a mean quantity makes theâ— bread of a due porosity that so the Ferment of the stomach may as an universal menstruum enter the parts of the bread and sooner dissolve it and this is also profitable fâ—r gross and corpulent bodies But Bread made of Corn as it comeâ— from the Mill is not so wholsom for the former Reasons because it is of hard digestion and filleth the belly with Excrements Bread made of Rye is in nothing comparable to that of Wheat being cold heavy hard to digest and by reason of the massiveness thereof â—â— very troublesome and burdensome â—â— the stomach it breeds clammy â—ough â—nd melanchollick Juice The bread made with the mixture of Rye and Wheat which is called Miscelane Bread is far wholesomer than that that is made of Rye onely but the bread made of Rye and Barly is not so good as the former The Properties requisite â—n good and wholsome Bread THerâ— are seven things required in the Bread that is good and wholsome to the stomach The first is that it be made of the best Wheat for as the Wheat is in goodness so is the bread in goodness or badness Of Wheat there are several sorts but that which is reputed the best is Lammas Wheat because that is commonly ripe about the beginning of August whose Ears are bare and naked and there are two sorts the White and the Yellow but the Yellow is best vielding most Flower and of th◠〈…〉 the finest Manchet-bread and 〈…〉 â—â—rk That Wheat which grows in high and dâ— Ground is much preferred before thaâ— which growes in low and moist Thâ— best Wheat hath a yellow colour a closâ— and compacted substance clean weightâ— and hard not easily breakable betweeâ— the teeth but that which is of a looâ— and an open substance and growes iâ— low and moist places is not so good â— And though some of the Qualificatioâ— may be wanting yet it ought to be of â— hard and close substance and weighty A second Property is that it be fitâ— leavened by which the body be weâ— opened and for which cause it is madâ— to be more easily digested and yields â— better and a more plentifull Nourisâ—ment Unleavened bread hath beeâ— judged to be unwholsom by all the anâ—â—ent Physicians because it is of hard dâ—gestion and breedeth humours obstrucâ—ing the passages of the Chyle Noâ—withstanding we find that no bread is â— lighter digestion than our fine Mancheâ— But by that Rule of the Ancients aâ— Cakes Simnels Wafers Fritters Paâ— cakes and the like are to be rejected except they be well corrected with somâ— other good Ingredients The third Property is that it be temperately seasoned with salt for Bread unseasoned is hard of digestion and breedeth obstructive humours and being over salt breeds adust and melancholick humours The fourth property is that it be light and duely open and such as may be Honey-comb like for hollowness not too hollow and porous but rather like a very fine Sponge all over full of small holes not over-slapt with water to save pains no black and dun Listes towards the bottom The fifth property is that it be well wrought and laboured with the hand or Break that the Dough by that means may become even and equal through all its parts without either knaps here and there or pappie patches as it will be for want of pains The sixt property is that it be well baked for bread that is too much or too little baked is of hard digestion and ill distribution and very troublesom to the Stomach The last property is that it be not eaten over new whilest it is hot nor when it is stale or grown dry because it will fluctuate in the stomach slowly descend fill the Bowels with wind by reason oâ— its vaporous humidity it dulls the senses confoundeth the Memory and greatlâ— hurteth the Brain wherefore hot Breaâ— is hurtfull and unprofitable and alsâ— Bread that is stale and become dry iâ— not so profitable for it is hardly digested and yieldeth little nourishment Breaâ— made into greater Loaves is
a little before Meals and chiefly for them that have hot dry Stomachs or are subject to Obstructions of the Stomach or Mesaraick Veins and of the Liver and Reins for it wonderfully refreshes a hot and dry Stomach but it is no way good to drink White-wine or Rhenish at Meals or soon after meals onely it may be allowed to them that are afflicted with much astrictness of the Stomach for being drunk too soon after Meats they disturb the Meats and too much hasten their passage from the Stomach before they be concocted and by that means they pass into the Bowels undigested whence it cometh to pass that the body doth greatly abound with flatuous Crudity White and Rhenish Wine are very pernicious for such as be Rheumatick and subject to fluxion and distillation of humours to the Lungs Breast Joynts or any other parts of the Body and for lean Constitutions and therefore let this serve for a Caution to such as be subject to the Gout or any Rheumatismes that in stead hereof they drink Milk or Water Claret-wine is in Temperature and Nature very neer to these but of an astringent faculty which is clearly discovered by the astringent savour thereof it greatly strengtheneth the Stomach breedeth good humours stirreth and quickeneth the Appetite quencheth Thirst it greatly helpeth Concoction exhilarateth the Heart it is very profitable for them of a hot Constitution that have hot stomachs and are young but it greatly offendeth a moist and cold Constitution that aboundeth with raw and crude humours and is subject to distillations from the head and this chiefly if it be taken immoderately This Wine is chiefly to be taken with meat for then it puts forth and proves profitable in the fore-recited properties and above all this Wine is most hurtfull in regard of the rheumatick Nature of it the most pernicious to Gouty and rheumatick persons But being with moderation taken at Meals it is for temperate bodyes being pure and quick Wine not much inferior to the Regal Wines of France for it rectifieth the Stomach and comforteth it it is acceptable to the heart and breedeth good blood it is deemed the best of all Wines for Cholerick Bodyes and for Phlegmatick the worst It is not good to drink this Wine between Meals but in the middle of the Meal take a draught or two and if you please you may dulcifie it with a little Sugar and this will make it the more acceptable to the Stomach and comfortable to the Heart and by observation of these you may expect a quickening of the spirits a pleasant Cheerfulness of mind there being a good Concoction of Meats consequently a healthfull state of Body That high and rich Nectar called by the Name of Sack which so richly abounds with that most excellent Vegetable Sulphur for which cause it is in high estimation with all those Northern parts of the World is deemed to be hot in the third degree and of thin parts and therefore it doth more vehemently and quickly heat the Body The over and unseasonable use of this Wine doth over-heat the Liver exsicccate the radical moysture inflame the blood and is hurtfull to bodyes of a hot and dry temperature but the moderate use to them to whom it is agreeable it helpeth the Stomach to digest furthereth the distribution of the Meats to all the parts of the body concocteth the crude and consumeth the Excremental humours and in summe it mightily strengtheneth all the powers and faculties of Body and Mind It is most sit for Old Age weak Stomachs cold Constitutions abounding with crude humours cold Countreys and cold and moyst seasons of the year it is chiefly to be drunken after meats of a gross substance and such as consist of an Excrementitious moisture as Pork-Flesh Fish c. And though there is a difference even among Sacks yet what is spoken of one may indifferently be applyed to all though some commend Sherry-sack as most profitable to the Stomach to further and help the Concoctions and confirm the Habit of the whole body and of all Wines they esteem this the best at meals for the Aged persons of a cold and phlegmatick Constitution but yet such as are of a hot lean and cholerick temper and Constitution must forbear it Canary Sack so called because it comes from the Canary Islands differeth from Sherry in Sweetness as also in Colour and Consistence it is less Penetrative and more Nutritive Canary is an excellent Wine to be taken at Meals for its pleasant taste refreshing odour and comforting the Stomach it is best for cold Constitutions old bodies and weakened by labour it must be â—autiously used for it is a Wine which if liberally taken it will quickly inflame and therefore warily to be used by hot and cholerick Bodies Malmsey is a Wine in Operation very hot and being sweet it nourisheth very much and therefore it is commended for old cold and weak and decayed Bodies but is very hurtfull fâ—r such as be hot because it is very easily converted into Choler it is judged by some to kilâ— Worms by a certain hidden Property however it is a very convenient thing to give any Medicine for the killing of Worms as that by whose sweetness the Worms will be induced tâ— prey upon the Remedy Muâ—kadel is very much like Malmsey wherefore in defect of that this may be used it is alsâ— an excellent Wine for all old cold bodyes bâ— such as are of a hot temperature must forbeaâ— this Wine Bastard is in vertue not much unlike Muskadel and may be used instead of that thougâ— there is the same Inferiority in this to Muskadel as in Muskadel to Malmsey and the â—sâ— of this is likewise hurtfull to hot and younâ— bodies Alicant Raspy or Tent it is made of the Juicâ— of Mulberries c. it is of a gross Nature notwithstanding it is quickly concocted into blood and is therefore fit for lean and thin bodies whose humours are too fluxible For personâ— that are weak and wasted and consumed by sicknesses and that need much nourishment and that is easie of Concoction but for grosâ— bodies and such as are subject to Obstruction it will quickly prove nauseous and hurtfull Wine of Orleance is stronger than any other French Wine and in taste very pleasant it is in goodness scarcely inferiour to Muskadel it is hurtfull to such as have weak Brains hot Livers and such as are of a cholerick Constitution for it doth speedily over-heat the Liver and annoy the head but there is not a better Wine for cold and flegmatick Constitutions and those that have weak Stomachs for it comforts the Stomach helps the Concoction vivifies the Spirit because it contains a generous heat in it self and it also furthereth the distribution of the Meats and through the mediocrity of its substance procureth a good Nutrition to them that be of a hot and cholerick temperature and also to them that be young it is very hurtfull but very proprofitable
Head Tongue Lungs Heart Stomach Liver Bladde of Gall Spleen Intestines Mâ—sentery anâ— Womb but when they are called Stones peâ— Autonomasiam Catexochen they are theâ— to be understood to be begotten in the Reins â— Bladder because they are more frequently generated in these parts If the Stone besieges thâ— Bladder that is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but iâ— the Reins do labour with the Stone it is calle◠〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nâ—phritis The Stone is defined thus It is a solid anâ— hard body grown together into the form of â— Stone for the most part in the Reins and Bladder affecting them with a Nummeness froâ— an Earthy and salt humour bringing Obstructions and Distention The material Cause of thâ— Stone râ—jecting the Opinion of the Ancientâ— concerning the heat exsiccating indurating anâ— converting the gross and viscid matter into â— Stone is supposed to be a Stonifying Juice viz. An Earthy matter mixed with a Saltish in an equal proportion but the Efficient Cause to be a Stonifying Spirit placed in that Juice we draw in this Stonifying Juice with the Aliment which is found every where in all the Earth And so if by reason of the debility of the Concoctive and Expulsive Faculty or because of the abundance of that Juice all cannot be separated in the Stomach and expelled from thence but it then passes by the Ductum Thoracicum together with the Chyle to the heart and thence with the blood is carryed into the Aorta and at length is drove by the emulgent Artery into the Reins where it sticks to those extream small branches of the Artery or in the fleshy parts joyned to them and being hurried continually by the arrival of the blood in that place by little and little puts on the form of Gravel which if the sense of the Reins be stirred up with the roughness of them it expelleth the Sands leisurely with a serous humour but if the Gravel be generated in the Reins that be weak and there be perceived a dull sense in them and they are retained till they are united together they then grow into Stones which at length by a more forceable stirring of Nature it stirres up the Excretion of them and in the same manner is to be understood the generation of the Stone in the Bladder for if the temperature of the Bladder be not as it ought the Urine which should come out clear exactly mixed with all its parts passeth forth muddy and troubled and the Earthy and Tartarous parts being not exactly mixed with the watery settleth to the bottom of the Bladder and there by an innate power tendâ— to Coagulation and so passes together into â— Stone The antecedent Causes of the Stone are beside the dull and stupid sense of the affecteâ— parts much Cramming and Crudity unseasonable motion of the body after meat all Meatâ— which are gross and afford but a small Juice unripe and austere wines black thick and sweeâ— wines but most of all musty new thick anâ— muddy Beer also continual Riding Leaping and all motion which is made by the Back thâ— immoderate use of Venus To this place belong Hereditary disposition to the Stone but thâ— reason of that Stonifying augmentation in thâ— Reins of some but of others in the Bladder iâ— the strength or weakness of those parts by whicâ— the more weak Reins do fall more easily intâ— this Distemper of the Stone for which causâ— those parts that are more strong are most afflicted with the Stone of the Bladder and is morâ— frequent to Boyes but Old men do mostly labour with the Stone of the Reins These be the Signs of the Stone in the Reins First A fixed pain about the Loyns Secondly For the most part the Urine is crude thin anâ— waterish by reason of Obstruction sometimeâ— bloody when the Stone begins to move it self and dilates the passages and Pipes of the Processes breaking the flesh Thirdly A dulness straight down the Legges Fourthly A pain in the Testicles on that side in which the Stone is and the drawing or Retraction of it upward Fifthly Nauseousness to such a Subversion that they loath all meat and being received in they presently belch it out These be the proper signs of the Stone in the Bladder First A frequent pissing so that at length he come almost to piss continually that he can scarcely forbear pissing Secondly A suppression of Urine the Stone beating of it back Thirdly A Tenesmus which comes by the consent thâ—t the Anus hath with the Neck of the Bladder Fourthly A pain afflicting in some the whole Ductum Pudendi and in some only the Glans and that most cruel toward the end of pissing when the Stone is stirred by the course of the Urine and as it were presses the Sphincter Muscle with greater violence Fifthly There is a frequent erection and itching of the privy part Sixthly A sandy substance in the Urine and by that word Sandy understand a gross thick Gravel to which there is mixed a fat Earth this is that Clay-like Earth that sticks so stiffely to the botom of the Chamber-pot like snot For to preserve from the Stone and Gout the use of Rhubarb through the whole year is judged convenient at least to be taken thrice in a month from two scruples to a dramme at a time either by swallowing without the mixing any other thing with it or by mixing it with Sugar of Rosis The continual use of Sugar of Rosis some do approve above all others in preserving from the Stone there is scarcely any thing that may conduce more to the preservation from the Stone and without any hurt or trouble helping all the parts of the body but chiefly the Kidneys this wholsom help is temperate and that if the Reins be made larger tâ— a convenient state of Nature it self that it maâ— draw or cast forth those stones but if they bâ— full and obstructed then it abstergeth if theâ— be hot it cools it cleanseth the Stomach froâ— all Excrements above all others and strengtheneth it it driveth away all distillations therefore it is greatly approved if it be taken eveâ— day in the Morning one hour before Dinner alsâ— if it be taken twice or thrice in a month froâ— one Scruple to half a Dram. Of the Disease of the SPLEEN THE Spleen which is a certain Cook-rooâ— made for the receiving of the earthy anâ— muddy part of the blood that at length beinâ— there fermented and exalted it may pass inâ— a Ferment as in favour of heat to the blood again to be dispersed abroad This Spleen is infested with many diseases such as these Obstruction a Tumor distendinâ— the part a Scirrhus Pain Inflammation â— Wound an Ulcer c. It frequently laboureâ— with an Obstruction and that from the samâ— Causes which we have proposed in the obstruction of the Liver it is known by a weight anâ— resistance in the left Hypochondria with a certain pain and chiefly after long walking in
a Tumor of the Belly and of these there be Three sorts which have their several Appellations viz. Ascites Tympanites Anasarca that which is called Ascites may swell the whole Belly even as a Bottle and therefore is called the Bottle-Bellyed-Dropsie the principal species is it is a swelling of the Belly having its rise from a waterish and serous Humour Collected in the capacity of the Abdomen and sometimes there is concomitant a Tumor of the Thighs Feet and Privy parts the nearest cause of this effect is a waterish and serous Humour collected in the Abdomen together with the vice of the part containing the Humour the Liver is not always in the fault as Anotomical Inspection of Hydropilal persons doth testifie much less is the Spleen always to be blamed but the Vasia Lymphatica being of late more clearly discovered it is from the obstruction of these that the Water is poured into the Cavety of the Abdomen by which they are obstructed and stopped with any viscid and gross Humour The serous Humour which otherwise is wont to be carryed to the receptacle of the Chyle is forced to take its Journey another way and being beaten back whence it came it makes the part to swell which for that cause is elevated with a Copidness which being over much burdened at last they break and so the Serum flows very easily to the Abdomen Or the Dropsie may happen from the Liver being evilly affected and when it labourerh with a Scirrhus obstruction or inflamation and so also a Dropsie happens from a great wait of the Bowels the thin small Coats of Lymphatical Vessels being easily broke as also from the Reins bâ—ing obstructed the Bladder hurt the Womb being easily effected the Dropsie may sometimes follow the Water is oftentimes in the Cavity of the Abdomen and sometimes it is received into little Bladders of a various Magnitude The second description of a Dropsie is Tympanites or a Tympany receiving its Name from a Drum for the Belly being extended with Wind if it be struck with the hand it gives a sound resembling that of a Drum it is also Hydrops siâ—â—is a dry Dropsie in this the Abdomen swelleth from a Flatus shut up in the capacity or hollowness of the Belly oftentimes also the Intestines in this Affect is perceived to be distended from Wind shut up in them but there is very seldom a Flatus to be found but there is also a Water mixed with it And oftentimes Winds are Generated between the Coat of the Intestines and Messentery or from a debilitated Heat or from the same too much scorched drawing its own parts into a consent with the crude and gross Chyl Lastly Anasarca which is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and hath a certain Affinity with a Cachexia and it is an equal Excrement preternatural of the whole Mass of the Body arising from the visciousness of Aliment the cause is a Waterish Humour spread over the whole Body produced from a debility and intemperature of the whole Bowels by reason of which instead of good Blood there is generated a Crude and Flegmatick whence it cannot agglutinate sufficiently a naughty nutrement necessarily follows Others alledge the obstruction of the Lymphatical Vessels by reason of which the serous Humour cannot be seperated from the parts These be the Signs of an Ascites a swelling of the Belly Feet and oftentimes of the Privy parts The sick being rouled from one side to the other there is observed the sound of a fluctuating Water the Urine is little and thick and sometimes Red they have a great Thirst a dry Cough a difficult Respiration and an Extenuation of all the other parts and also a Febris lenta continuenta In the Tympany the Belly being struck it sends forth the sound of a Drum the bulk of the Abdomen is not so painful as in Ascites but the Inflamation is greater Pains and Torments go before or precede especially about the Navel and the Side the Sick lying upon his Face the Belly remains distened and hard when the Sick turns himself and is roul'd to either side belching and noise doth frequently break forth there is heard Murmurings and Grumblings In the Anasarca not only the whole Belly but the Legs Shins also the Hands Arms Breast Face and whole Body does swell and the Fingers being prest into the Flesh they leave the Marks and Footsteps of their Impression and with these there Frequently follows a Pale and Cadaverous Colour of the Skin the Flesh soft and loss the Urine thin and White the Respiration difficult a continual and small Fever CHAP. XX. The Hypocondriack Affection or Melancholly THis Affection hath received this name from the place Affected the Barbarians do call it Mirachialis and others according to the Authority of Hypocrates a flatulent or Windy affect it is described to be a Flegmatick and Cholerick foulness or the filth of Atra-bilious Humour gathered first of all in the Branches of the vena porta Celeack Arteries and Messenteries by reason of the Spleen and these too without putrefaction from which the Humours savouring of the nature of these do stir up many and various Symptoms such as these Crudity and Rawness of the Stomach a windy roaring of the Belly sower Belching much Spittle Flegmatick Vomitings pains of the Heart or Heart-aking binding of the Belly Costiveness an inflamed Heat of the Hypocondries which sometimes follows this Malady as also a Redness of the whole Face occasioned from ascending Humours the Urine sometimes thin sometimes thick and Red a Distentio Hypochondriorum and frequently a pulsetion and wandring pain of the Sides difficult Respiration pain of the Breast beating of the Heart a Vertigo or giddiness and swimming in the Head a dimness of the sight Watching Sadness and Trouble of the Mind troublesome Fancies in some grief and sadness the parts primarly affected are judged to be the Spleen the Ferment of which being more or less stirred is wont to produce these Symptoms but sometimes the only error of Diet is wont to generate this evil there being no fault in the Stomach or Spleen Signs of the part affected is first if the Humour offending be in the Spleen it self then you may perceive a Tumor or hardness in the Region of the Spleen there is an evil and swarthish Colour of the Face if the Humour be contained in the Liver there is perceptable a Tumor in the Region of the Liver but if a Flatus Windiness Roaring or Tumbling and Pains be perceived it is in the Vessels between the Stomach and Spleen and chief if it be 6 or 7 Hours after Dinner or Supper and that there is not perceived a Tumor or Hardness neither in the one nor in the other side if the Stomack be originally afflicted with this affect it is known by the weakness and debility of Coction or digesting the Food and because there is oftentimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Stomach and Liver in this Affect
lyeth heavyer for that certainly a heap as it were weightily pressing into the Stomach and Praecordia The Inflamation of the Liver which the Greks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a hot Tumor of the Liver with a continual Fever stirred up from an impetuous affluxion of Matter accompanied with a sad Pain afflicting with the sense of weight the Signs of this grief is a weight in the right side of the Praecordiums stretched out from the Jugulum to the Bastard Ribs a small Cough and that dry difficulty of Breathing an accute Fever a Queasiness of Stomach a great thirst the Colour of the whole Body inclining to a Yellow this Tumor easily passeth into an Abscesses which if that happens it pronounces certain death and when it becomes an Imposthume Pain Fever and other Symptoms wax strong the Fits invade many times without order which being over an Exacerbation of heat follows the Puss being made all these things are remitted but the strength remaining is much weaker the Pulse frequent small and languid a frequent fainting of the Spirit the Abscessus being broke there breaks forth much filth from the Puss the Sick is detained with sometimes a hot sometimes a cold Intemperature there is a great loathing of Flesh nevertheless hunger does much hurt the thirst is vehiment the whole Body and specially the Palms of the Hands and the Souls of the Feet are hot the Face white soft habit of Body and raw and crude dejections CHAP. XXV A Cachexia A Cachexia is an evil habit of Body and as it were a Dropsie it is a more soft and loose Constitution of the fleshy and skinny parts of the whole Body and as it were a puffing up with an ill favour'd Colour of the whole Skin either Pale Livid or Leadish this evil is wont to come from impure naughty and corrupt Aliments but if these be not the cause it is charged upon the Imbecility or Impurity of the Stomach and Viscera for Imbecility produces a weak and crude Concoction for the parts of the more pure Aliments being carryed into the habit of the Body notwithstanding it is sent to and as it were agglutinated to the parts yet it is not perfectly assimilated and from hence is made not true and legitimate nutrition but a viscious and unprofitable the Impurity of the Viscera maketh an evil and corrupt Blood which at length is brought into all the parts and being unuseful to be dissipated into the Substance of the Body thence follow an unmeet nourishment the external Causes are Meats of evil Juice frequent gorging of the Belly studying too late at night over much watching suppressae evacuationes mensium suppression of the Hemorrhoides frequent bleeding at the Nose or stopping of other Matter which were wont to flow as a Diarraea and Dysenteria longa Long being in Prison and Subterranian places Venom being drunk or the Bite of venomous Beasts that also which makes much to this Disease is continual Fevers stubborn obstructions of the Liver or Spleen hard and Scirrhous Tumors old people are also corrupted with this Disease by reason of the Imbecility of the Native Heat and Women ob retensionem mensium and Children by Gluttany or excessive eating And also a Cachexia sometimes hath its original from an Ulcer of the Reins where there is Gravel when the perulent Matter by reason of the Obstruction of the Ureters flows back into the Reins and so infecting the Blood the whole habit is defiled CHAP. XXVII Of an Inflamation of the Lungs PEribneumonia is an Inflamation of the of the Lungs with an accute Fever difficulty of Breathing and a Cough the part affected is the Lungs either the whole Lungs or part either the right or the left side the Cause is Blood breaking copioufly into the Lungs and kindling an Inflamation the External Causes are vehiment Exercises especially after long quiet and repletion of the Body overcrying and Extention of the Voice anger the Cold Northern Air especially following the Southern the use of Stagnent Waters as Lakes c. Venomous Diets and sometimes mrlignant Humours as when the Peribneumonia or Inflamation of the Lungs are Epidemical The Signs are straightness of the Breast with a heavy and grievous pain reaching to the Spine of the Back difficulty of Breathing and truly a greater than in the Pleurifie an accute Fever troublesome Cough a Redness of the Cheeks in the beginning no Spittle but in process of time there follow Crude Chollerick or Frothy Spittle The Cure is to be begun with opening a Vein a Glyster if need be being first administred CHAP. XXVII The Pleurisie A Pleurisie is a Disease of the Thorax or Breast the most molesting and accutest of all and there is none that assaulteth the life of a Man more it is an Inflamation which extendeth it self under the Ribs and the Membranes thereto adjoyning and taking its Rise from a thin Chollerick Blood with a continual Fever and pricking pain of the side vehiment Cough difficulty of Breathing it is caused either from pure Blood or hot and Chollerick Humours being mixed flowing into the Membranes the remote Causes are Cacohimia Plethora wonted Evacuations of Blood being supprest Flux of the Belly unseasonably stirred a Contusion of of the Breast from a fall or a violent stroke vehiment Exercise and after that Exercise a large draught of cold Water or the like a large drinking of more pure Wine too much hot or over much cold The Pathognomical Signs of a Pluresie are accute pains of the side difficulty of Respiration as also frequent and little a continual Fever and often observing the Fit of a Tertian in the beginning a dry Cough afterward moist with foul and colour'd Spittle there is an Inflamation of the Intercostal External Muscles this arises sometimes from Blood poured out into those External Muscles and sometimes from Winds and sometimes from a Distillation the true Pluresie is known from a Bastard that the sick cannot lie on that part opposite to the pained side because of the Membrane pained by the newly conceived weight But in the Bastard Plurisie it is difficult to lie down upon the side affected CHAP. XXVIII De Impyemate 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Puss and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Putrefaction Suppuration it is a Collection of Puss in the Capacity of the Thorax or Breast coming from the foulness and filth of the whole Lungs but it floweth thither either from an Angina or Peribnenmonia or it happeneth more frequently from a Pleurisie for these Coughs not being well cleansed there happeneth an Abscessus from which at length being broke there floweth a Puss into the whole Capacity of the Breast CAAP. XXIX De Pthisis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 tabes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Corrumpo in Latin Tales and in general it is taken for the Extenuation of the whole Body and it is accepted for any thing that flows from the same Cause and in that sense it is taken among Physitians and so it is
before they are cast forth they perform a long Journey When the thicker Bowells are affected the pain is not so great and the Torments are not only felt in the lower Bowels but also presently after the Torments the Excrements are cast forth upon which also there swimeth a Cruor which is in the other intimately united CHAP XXXII A Diarrhea A Diarrhea which as it is commonly taken doth note every flowing of the Belly but properly so called it is an immoderate frequent or continual dejection of the Belly in which there flows not Crude Aliments as in a Lienteria neither bloody filths as in a Dissenteria but Excrementious and more unmixed Humours more sincere in quantity and quality without Inflamation Exulccration or a vehement sence of Pain the abundance and pravity of the Humours procureth this Disease by stirring up the Expulsive faculty of the Stomack and Intestines things furthering this Disease are Errors committed in Diet and Meats of evil Juice venomous and easily corrupted and gorging themselves with excess of Food new Beer or Ale intemperate Air the omission of bodily Exercise the constriction of the Pores of the whole Body In a Diarrhea there be many Differences by reason of the Matter which is Billious Flegmatick Melancholick and serous by reason of the place from whence the Matter floweth for in some it is from the whole Body but in others from some peculiar part as from the Brain the Stomack Intestines Missentery Liver Spleen and Womb and lastly with respect to the manner and efficient Causes for some are Critical the appearing Signs of concoction in Fevers being rightly done by Nature this way others are Symptomatical breeding of Teeth in Children doth produce a Flux of the Belly CHAP. XXXIII The Caeliack and Lienterial Passions THese Affects are known more or less according to the difference agreeing or disagreeing which in both is an Excretion by the Belly of uncocted Foods but they are distinguished by this that a Lienteria laevitas Intestinorum is an over quick and sudden Excretion of unconcocted Food being not changed or altered neither in substance nor in the due Colour but in the Caeliacal is the Food received or alterâ—d passing from the Stomack into the Bowels is in some meaner manner concocted The cause of both is the retentive faculty of the Stomack and Bowels being hurt in a Lienteria it is almost abolish'd but in a Caeliaca it is but diminish'd the retentive faculty of the Stomack is abolish'd or diminish'd from the same Causes as they are more grievous or more gentle there is most frequently a cold and moist intemperature joyned with a Flegmatick Humour relaxing the Ventricle and smiring the wrinkled Superficies thereof that it cannot retain the Aliment falls into the Bowels unconcocted This is done by reason the Expulsive faculty of the Stomack and Bowels is irritated from gnowing Humours which by pulling stirs up an untimely Excretion an Inflamation in like manner stirs up this faculty and also an Ulcer of the Stomack or poison taken or things of a Malignant quality besieging the Stomack In the Caeliacal Passion this is taken for a Cause viz. the straining through of the Chyl being hurt by the spungeous scurf of the Intestines in passing into the Milky Veins moreover the Lienteria does often succeed most grievous and deadly Diseases as it is seen in a Dyssentery and malignant Fever because of the great imbecility of the retentive faculty These Evils are not to be slighted for that they draw the nutriment from the whole Body CHAP. XXXIV The Asthma THe Asthma or short Breath it is called in Latin Suspirium it is defined thus it is a frequent hard and and short breathing or difficult Respiration and oftentimes without a Fever joyned with a great contention of the Lungs the cause consists in the straightness of the Lungs which being stopped with a gross viscid Humour very stiffly sticking to the Pipes and Caverns of the Lungs and being stopped it draws its original from thence thin and serous Humour and also copious is frequently the Efficient of this evil A Tubercules or Push as also Gravel sticking in the Lungs do act their parts vere often in producing this Affect All these are wont to produce the Asthma by obstructing either by stopping the aspera Arteria the smoother Arteries or subsisting in the substance of the Lungs the Morbick Matter by pressing the Lungs or obstructing or pressing somewhat into the Lungs by reason of the debility of the Viscera it is gathered together by little and little and sometimes it flows from another place from the Head in the manner of a Catarrh which is rare or from the Pulmonal Artery CHAP. XXXV The Gout ARthritis or the Joynt-disease Morbus articularis which is also called Gutta articulorum plurium it is a pain running from thence which is a defluction of a serous and sharp Humour falling into the Joynts hath stirred up the parts affected the Membranes Tendones and Ligaments taking their original from the Periostium and from thence indued with sense for the Joynt is made firm from these the conjunct cause of the Gout is solution of unity but the Antecedent is a serous Humour Salt and Tarterous from Aliments impregnated with a Tarter from the imbecility of the parts appoinâ—ed to concoction taking its original from thence those Foods being not well digested by this means this salt and subtil Humour comes to the Joynts the sensible parts being partly distended and partly tearing by its Acrimony bringeth most cruel and sharp Torments which can scarcely be laid asleep again although helps be administred by the very hand of Apollo and hence it is called medicorum opprobrium CHAP. XXXVI Angina or the Quinsie ANgina is called so ab strangulo to choak or be strangled the Symptoms are properly of the Face and Larinx and it is terrible and deadly as well for the sharpness of Pain as for the interception of the Office necessary to maintain Life and the oppression of the part by whose Office life cannot be for it hindereth the swallowing necessary to Life it taketh away the Respiration without which the Animals cannot live to the point of Life It is defined to be a Flegmonous Affect of the Jaws all the parts of the Gula or Throat by which as the Meats and Drinks and also the Spirits do enter so in this Affect it thrusts them forth But some are Legittimate and True some be Bastard there be four Species of the True one which Hypocrates doth account the most dangerous of all wherein there is nothing appears neither in the Jaws nor Neck but this kind of all most obstruce Inflamation doth inflict most and grievous Symptoms not without fear of present strangling by this Fernelius saw a sick person die in the space of Eighteen Hours being sound in his Mind and intire in his senses this kind is called Angina latens The other is that interiour Laâ—ings of the Jaws and Muscles are
assaulted with a manifest Phlegmon this is cruel equal and above the Symptoms but yet there there is less danger in that which shews it self in a manifest Tumor The third doth occupy the interiour Jaws together with the Neck in which the Tumor is without and the redness conspicuous with the heat and pain the Symptoms which are in the former is nothing to this and yet here is better hope of health the Inflamation getting outward it may be digested The Fourth is the lightest of all and is judged the safest which doth not take the interiour Jaws only but also the Pole and the Muscles and yet by a Tumor of these the interiour Muscles of the Laring is prest together and all the entrance is stopped The Causes of all is Chollerick or Sanguine defluction which flows down into these seats and bringeth either an Erysipelus or a Phlegmon Or Angina is wont otherwise to be divided when the internal Muscles of the Throat are inflamed with a great straitness of Respiration but also when the external are inflamed Again when the internal Muscles of the Face are taken with a Phlegmon and doth very much hinder the swallowing and at length the external parts of the Jaws and Chin are besieged with an Inflamation Nota The Bastard is without a Fever this is produced when there is a petuitous distillation falling into the Jaws and Muscles of the Neck and then perchance there is a Tumor but without redness heat or a Fever Hitherto belongs that Species of an Angina which is produced by no proper Affect but when the Vertebraes of the Neck loosened within the Jaws and entrance of the swallow or Throat do swel and is made more strait it is known by this that the Neck is hollowed within the Sick grievously afflicted with Pain also a fall or a stroke went before or the Humour hath loosened the bands of the Vertibraes CHAP. XXXVII The Description of a Phrensie APhrensie is a perpetual or continual Delirium taking its original from an Inflamation of the Membranes of the Brain The Causes of a Phrensie is Chollerick Blood fallen out of the Vessels transpiration being intercepted it putrifies in the Membranes of the Brain external Causes increasing the Distempers are hot Air the rise of the Sun Strong Drinks over heating and inflaming the Brain Anger a Contusion or a Wound The Signs of a Phrensie are a perpetual Delirium or pratling and talking Idle Watchings a continual Fever the Respiration is low and frequent if it comes from an Inflamation of the transverse partition of the Brain but great and rare in a true Phrensie some are true which we have here described others are Bastard Phrensies which are called Paraphrenities and that is when hot Intemtemperatures are communicated to the Brains either from the whole Body or in burning Fevers or from an Inflamation from some one part viz. of the Stomack Liver Lungs and very often from the Diaphragma or Midâ—iff from the Inflamation of which there is usually stirred up a Phrensie resembling a true Phrenitis A Phrensie is a most accute Affect which oftentimes kills in seven days CHAP. XXXVIII Of Melancholly Madness THe Melancholly is a Delirium joyned with fear sadness or sorrow without a manifest Cause and without a Fever and it is either a deprivation of the Imagination and Ratiocination arising from from a Melanchollick Phantasm by which he is detained in his thought by one Cogitation without a furious anger and a Fever with sadness and fear the original of this Disease dependeth upon a certain disposition of the Animal Spirits produced from the mixtion of a Melancholly Humour to which there follows the sad dark Phantasms which afterwards rouling the Objects to the Intellect do stir up this doting and anguish of Mind They who have this evil Disease are sad and solitary very fearful and stubborn which from certain Phantasms to themselves which neither are nor can be they imagine many false things they fear things not be feared they sudden and disquiet the Mind without a cause they are silent Morose and suspicious they have hunger above what is usual they sigh often the Respiration is slow and seldom and so is also the Pulse they speak absurdly Some are primarily affected from the Brain Some by consent of the whole Body Others again are called Hypocondriack and do return by Circuits or Intervals And lastly others are thus by a Symhathy of the Womb. CHAP. XXXIX The Mania A Mania ab insaniendo by the Latines furor or insania it is a Delirium without intermission and without a Fever but joyned with a certain fearce rage it ariseth from a hot and fiery disposition of the Spirit and perchance accompanyed with a venomous and malignant quality Authors will have this Disposition arise from Atra-bilis They which labour under this Disease are searce and unruly unless they be stopt with Chains they tear their Cloaths and like unto great and fearce Beasts they do violence with Teeth Nails and Fists neither do they spare themselves moreover they sleep very little they have a stupendious strength of Body a noise or sounding in the Ears dullness of the head a shining splendor in the Eyes sadness and long cares having preceded anger upon a light occasion the Eyes set and flxed upon the Objects they behold much inclining to filthy and foolish laughter a suppression of the Months and Hemorhods These do shew the approach of this Disease Sometimes a Mania is produced from External Causes such as these Witchcrafts Nightshade the bite of Mad-digs or Wolves and sometimes it comes by consent of the Womb and then it is called furor uterinus CHAP. XL. The Palpitation of the Heart PAlpitatio Cordis it is an immoderate and violent Concussion of the Heart which being troublesome to it it endeavours to shake off facultas motrix doth occasion this some troublesome matter stirring of it up which do stir or vex the Heart such as vapours and flatuousness in malignant Fevers suppressio mensium Hypochondriack Melancholly approaching the Heart also putrid and sharp Humours and too copious and so Gravel and Worms for such as these be many times generated in the Heart and then it doth necessarily induce a Palpitation of the Heart and also Tumors arising in the Praecordium Blood effused from Wounds to the Heart and also a nefect of vital Spirits and preternatural heat in the Heart as they stir up by a more vehement motion so also a Palpitatâ—on which is a depraved motion ensues The External Causes are a vehement Motion and Exercises of Body too much heat and anger over much craming Poisons being taken too hot Bathings and Passions of the Mind do oftentimes precipitate the Sick by swounding to death viz. the Motion of the heart being interrupted CHAP. XLI Worms LVmbrici or Worms are wont to be in all the parts of the Body but chiefly in the Intestines from a gross and clammy Flegm which is corrupted and seated in â—he common
Bowel they are stirred up and receive life from the abundance of inbred heat by the Example of other Animals which have their Life from a putrid Matter by the help a of Coelestial Heat according to the various Figure of the putrifying Matter So here are various Species of Worms some long and râ—und which are wont to be begotten in the superiour and thinner Bowels and these be the most frequent of all and sometimes they creep up into the Stomack and and thence by the Gula they ascend into the Mouth it self from whence being open they spring forth Others again be shorter and broad which oftentimes do stick one unto another in a wonderful manner and these are called Cucurbites and sometimes this broad Worm with the mutual adhesion of them which for the similitude is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which are as long and broad as Womens Swaiths and Fill its so that they extend themselves as long as the thicker Intestines And lastly others are exceeding small and thin and are called Ascarides which for the most part are seated in the intestina recta Crudity and Gluttany and the use of such things as do easily putrify do administer matter to all Children a little grown are often afflicted with these Signs of Worms be these a stinking of the Mouth and such as is urging towards a soureness the Stools resemble Cow-dung sometimes a Fever which returns often in the same day with trouble and fainting nauseousness vomiting and unquenchable thirst the Cheeks are red by turns and pale again an Itching of the Nose a Gnashing of the Teeth a dull heaviness and pain of the Head talking idle and Epileptical Convulsions a dry Cough and many times afflicted with pain in the Belly and it puffed up and distended awaking from sleep with fear and horror as also a Dog-like Hunger the Belly sometimes decreased the Pulse is unequal Ascarides are known by the troublesome Itch of the Fundament and the Excrements oftentimes appears besprinkled with them and after they bring most cruel Symptoms but the Ascarides are less hurtful CHAP. XLII A continual Fever A Fever is described by some to be an inordinate Motion of the Blood and it s over much rage with heat and thirst and with many other Symptoms wherewith the Aeconomia of it is troubled some are continual and some are intermitting the accession of a continual Fever extends to many days unless it hath its own times of remission and of Exarcerbation but never of intermission the inraged Blood induces a continual Fever in a Three fold manner The First is when the subtil and spiritual portion of the Blood waxeth too hot and is affected with a certain kindling heat which therefore doth agitate the rest of the Cruor and doth incite it into an Orgasmum And so the kindling fury and heat is stirred up more than before in the whole Body But because the Spirits are in the only fault the bâ—â—ning and inordinanâ—sie is wont to depâ—â—t in a short time of its own accord Hence it is that this Fever is terminated within a day and it is extended beyond Three days and therefore it is called Febris Ephemera The second manner of waxing hot is when the Sulphurous or Oylie part of the Blood being over heated begins to be hot for then it waxes immoderately hot in the Vessels and oftentimes kindles in the Heart by its own Flame produceth a very intense heat in the whole Body and so that kind of Fever is produced which is vulgarly called a putrid Symochus which is Symtomatical or Essential that is called Symtomatical which draweth its original from some other certain Disease first stirred up in the Body and that is a Fever of that sort which hath its dependance upon an an Angina Quinsie Pleurifie Perihneumonia a Wound-Ulcer or Imposthume either in any principal ot neighbouring part The Essential is wont to be divided into a Causus Quotidian Tertiâ—n and a Quartan according to the divers Discrusia Sanguinis or intemperatur of the Blood the supply and kind of nourishing Juice so sooner or later arising to a plenitude of swelling bulkiness But the Third Degree and that which doth constitute the distinct Species of a continual Fever is stirred up from a certain malignant and venomous ferment with which the Mass of Blood is defiled and the Spirit and Sulphurous parts takes fire together and their kindling heat not first alaid which may be either the malignant matter taken is cast out of doors or from the corrupt venom of it doth induce a Coagulation or as it were a certain putrifaction of the Blood and by which the circulation is hindred and the vital Spirit extinguish'd and after this manner are made malignant Fevers small Pox Measlâ—s and also the Pestilens But the â—ot continual Fever differs from that which constitutes an intermitting in this that in that the disorders of the Spirit and Sulphur or both and freely by their own accord without the mixture oâ— any other thing do take Flame and wonderfully Boyl but it is not so in an intermitting Fever That most Excellent Man Francis Sylvius thinks the Cause of all continual Fâ—vâ—rs to be the Bill or Water under which he comprehends the Pancreatical Juice and so that â—â—â—vil is brought with it to the Heart 〈◊〉 that exciting such a viscious Effervescâ—â—â—ia in the right Ventricle of the Heart anâ— thence is produced continually a more frequent pulse Too great Exercises of Body perturbation of Mind the Ambient Air the heart of the Sun or Summer drinking of Wine the use of prepared meats Watch over much Labour a Bubo a Wound do all induce to the every days Fever the plenty of Milk to Women in Child-bed hot seasons of the Year unaccustomed Exercise strong habit of Body do all dispose to it The forging Causes of a putrid Fever aâ—e hot seasons a strong and moist habit of Body a youthful age a high and rich Diet the continual drinking of rich Wine a tempestuous Spring and Summer a Cacochymial Body Meats of evil Juice but above all this is worth your observation that the frequent letting of Blood renders Men more apt to a Fever for this reason thaâ— the larger quantity of Sulphur which is â—â—â—â—ied in the Blood is subdued but the Salt ought to be stoped from its fearsenesâ— Those things 〈◊〉 brings the lurking disposition of this Fever into act are chiefly Transpiration 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Transpiratio being hindred and much gusling these do not only induce an exceeding fermitation of the Blood but doth also administer a Nitrosulphurous Matter apt to burning and kindling as Food to the flaming Blood but because that Massie heap of the Blood being increased it swells and as iâ— were inspired with a certain ferment de novo it exceedingly boyls In this Feaver there are Four Seasons to be observed and by which staches as it were the whole course of it is performed and they be these the beginning the increase
doth wont to continue longest and the which begins in Autumn and for the most part continues the whole Winter and departs not until the Spring unless by accident and so some do continue from one Year to many Years we have known some hath been extended to Seven Years and more but in Summer they be shorter Those things which dispose to this Fever are Autumn the Sea-Coast the end of Summer a Melancholly Temper and such who by an evil manner of Diet obnoxious to a Hypochondriack affection But the cause of these constituted Periods seem to be ascribed to the divers constitutions of the Blood Viz. by which from a due temper it is perverted one while into sharp and anon into an acid or austere disposition for which cause the divers intemperatures of it the nourishable Juice newly brought doth more or less depart from a maturation and degenerates sooner or later into a matter apt to ferment CHAP. XLIV A Hectick Fever FEbris Hectica that is a Habitual Fever or a Fever conversant in the Habit it is a preternatural Hcat in the substance of the Heart sticking and burning in the solid parts drying and consuming and brings the whole Body to extream leanness There are Three Degrees of this Fever The first is when the dewy moisture is dryed and consumed The second is when the fleshy and fatty Substance is depopulated and perisheth and in this the Extenuation of the Body is evident The Third is when the Febra's and Membranous Substance is wasted and the whole Body waxeth lean then follows Facies Hypocratica the gastly Countenance and the Bones only appear covered with the Skin This is the true wasting and Hectick which of the Greeks is called Marasmodes and which is incurable The internal Causes of the Hectick are burning and continual Fevers Ulcers and continual inflamations of the Liver Stomack Lungs Reins and other Bowels Those things which refer to outward Causes are such things as can generate other Fevers such things as do very much either consume the humid Substance in the solid Members or very much stirs up a continual heat or are apt to perform both to which the promptitute and disposition of the subject and the continual disposition of heating do make to the receiving of this preternatural heat Such are the heat of the Sun or fire vehement Exercise heating Meats and Drinks immoderate Excretions as a Diarrhea Dysenteria Animi Pathemata or more vehement passion of the Mind And lastly Hunger a more hot and dry Habit of Body is more apt to take this Fever The beginning Hectick is not easily known the other kind is difficultly Cured The Signs of all Hecticks are common the heat of the whole Body is equal and of which they do not complain nor do they understand themselves to be Feverish it first appears weak by reason of the fewness of the Vapours but if thou wilt apply thy hand longer there appears a sharpness and gnawing heat by reason of the dryness and solidity of the subject and greater in the Arteries than in other parts by reason of the communion of the Heart and this Heat increaseth one Hour or two after Meat is received no other ways waxing hot than Calx Vive if Water or any such thing be poured upon it the Pulse small frequent and swift the Urine oleaginous with a branny sedement CAAP. XLV The Rickets RAchites the Rickets a Disease unknown to the Ancients which yet at this day no Disease is more frequent in this Kingdom it is a cold and moist intemperature of the whole Spinal Marrow entring the Skul the arise of all the Nerves and of all the Membranous and Febrous parts of the whole Body with the defect and feebleness of the Spirits and tone of the parts visciated the cause and parts primarily affected do fetch their definition from this whose Signs and Symptoms are looseness and softness of the parts primarily affected debility and pining or enervation of the parts serving to Motion weakness and feebleness of the Joynts the Head bigger than is meet the Face fuller and more florid the Musculous parts wax lean certain Protuberations and Nodes about certain of the Joynts mostly in the Rist and in the Extremity of the Ribs a bowing or incurvating of some of the Bones which more frequently happens to the Bones of the Cubit Shins Thighs and Shoulders sharpness and straitness of the Breast Bunches and Tumors of the Abdomen Repletion and Tention of the Hypochondries a frequent Cough difficult Respiration and many other evils of the Lungs as the stuffing of them hard Tumors Imposthumes Inflamations growing or sticking to the Pleura a weak and a feeble Pulse the common Cause of which seems to be an unequal and unprofitable Nutrition the Antecedent Causes are beside the falt in the Seed of the Parents defiled with the like disposition redundant viscious Humours in the Body Flegm Choller and chiefly Melancholly but the Procatarctical Errors committed in the use of res non naturales Infants are taken with this Disease till they are Two Years and a half old and sometimes after CHAP. XLVI Of a Convulsion A Convulsion in Greek called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 according to the Celsus is a distention of the Nerves Or thus a Convulsion is a continual and involuntary contraction of the Nerves and Muscles towards their original upon which there follows a stiffness a deprivation of the Figure and Form of the Part with a most cruel Pain the Part affected is the Muscle which is the proper Instrument of voluntary Motion The nearest Cause of this Convulsion is an Irritation of the Nervous Parts from any thing molesting and troubling the Muscle the Animal Faculty performing the Motion being drawn into consent The Material Causes are any Humours Flegm only excepted so that they have acquired also a certain occult enemical disposition in the Nerve as also the Vapours and Humours in the Nâ—rves and Chollerick Disease which can pull the Nervous Parts and become a true cause of Convulsion A Convulsion is either of the whole Body or it is of more or fewer parts that which is of the whole Body doth constitute Three Species or Sorts the first is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 when the Head Neck and upper parts of the Back is pulled together The second 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is when those parts or the lower parts of the Spine are vexed The third is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that wherein the Neck and whole Body appears stiff and bowed into neither part but these last Species of the Cramp are very rare Moreover there are other Species of the Convulsion which are wont to be called Flatulent which by the Italians is called Crampa and vulgarly with us Cramp this happeneth oftentimes to the Muscles of the Shoulders Shins Fingers Hands and Feet and this done with great Pain that which is stirred up from Flatulentsy is not so dangerous for that is easily taken away by frixion only CHAP.