best to be eaten raw in winter and afterwards but especially of young people hot and cholericke bodies It is no bad custome to use with them Carroway Gomfits as in many places they use to eate them And rosted and eaten with sweet Fennell seedes is a very good and wholesome way to correct their flatuous facultie But I advise those that love their health to beware of raw Apples or other fruit before they be ripe and after observing these former directions they shall finde some benefit thereby Of Peares as before we said of Apples are divers and sundry sorts differing likewise in substance taste colour and greatnesse As we said before of Apples so may wee here apply to the taste of Peares that the sweetest are the hottest howbeit they are none of them tart as Apples Peares are esteemed more windie than Apples and withall of an astringent facultie and lesse durable being for the most part to be spent in Sommer abounding with a crude and superfluous moisture the cause of their short continuance The Warden is of the firmest and solidst substance of all others and therefore the best It is not to be eaten raw being then hard of digestion and ingendring crude and evill humours within the body Baked or rosted they become farre better and a wholesome food in sicknesse or in health The custome of baking them stucke with cloves and cinamon is very commendable where rose-water and sugar is commonly added The antient Greeks were wont to bring Peares to the table in water that by this meanes the guests might choose the ripest which would swim on the top of the water In France they drie Peares in an oven and so keepe them all the yeere and then they are not so windy but very good against all fluxes Quinces are also in no small request as well for physicke as for food and are of an astringent faculty and somewhat cold and dry and are not to be eaten raw they are so hard of digestion that a strong stomacke will hardly be able to overcome them and therefore they are commonly either baked or rosted They are good to strengthen a weak stomack Being used before meales they binde the belly but eaten after they loosen the same and represse fumes and vapours ascending up towards the head and therefore to strengthen the stomacke and further concoction this is the best way of use they are used both preserved in marmalades red and white c. of which I shall not need to speak our Gentlewomen in the countrie every where being so well acquainted with all these preparations Besides the premisses there are some other fruites which are sometimes howbeit seldome used as food and yet more as physick and these are Medlars and Services cold and dry and of an astringent faculty and therefore to be used after and not before meales they must be soft before they be eaten their greene juice is most effectuall in fluxes There is yet another fruit or berry partaking of the same faculty commonly called a Corneille Before wee passe from those kindes of fruits wee will make mention of some outlandish fruits in no small request both in the Kitchin and in physicke howbeit I am not ignorant that they are rather to be reckoned among sauces than otherwise and these are the Orange Lemmon or Citron and Pomegranat which last is rather appropriate for physicke The Orange differeth in taste some being sweet some sowre some more and some lesse and so their faculties differ accordingly And the find and the seedes differ from the pulpe or juice being farre hotter than the sweetest Orange and yet the sweet partake of some heat the sowre againe cold and the sowrer the colder The sowre are best for the stomacke used with any meate the sweete is no wise fit for this purpose The sowre and tart Orange being cold and drie is very good for young hot cholericke bodies and very cooling in burning feavers and hot diseases but care must be had in the diseases of the brest that neither this nor any other acide or sharp things be unadvisedly used such things being utter enemies to those parts and withall they bind the belly for the which cause circumspection must be had even in that regard where sugar must sometime qualifie the excesse Those that are of a meane betwixt those two extremes of sowre and sweete are the sittest for use and will agree well with the stomacke The Lemmon is much of the nature of the sowre Orange but that it is tarter and of a more cutting and attenuating faculty exceeding good for hot cholericke constitutions and very cooling and cordiall in all burning fevers and a great enemy to all putrefaction and for this cause singular good against pestilent and contagious fevers the excessive aciditie thereof may be corrected with sugar and for the sicke we use with good successe the sirup made of the juice thereof and the whole pulpe of this and the Citron which I thinke differ little but in forme howbeit some thinke the Citron more cordiall are preserved for cordiall uses The rind of all three preserved or candit with sugar is good to strengthen a weake stomacke and comfort the heart The feedes of Citrons and Lemmons are also very cordiall howbeit both these and the rind are hot and the juice very cold as hath beene said already And although the Pomgranat taking its denomination either from the multitude of graines or the countrie Granada in Spaine be used commonly for physick rather than food yet speaking of the others we will say a word or two of it also some of them being also by some used sometimes for sauces they are of three sorts sweet sowre and of a mixt or winie taste betwixt both the mixt is the best and most usefull for a weake stomacke the sweete being no wise usefull to this end the sowre Pomgranat is cooling and drying and of an astringent facultie yet not so much as the Lemmon What hath beene said of the Lemmon may be applied to this fruit the juice I meane with some qualification the acidity not being so great and by consequent the effects from thence proceeding being more remisse the rind of it is very astringent and therefore much used against all fluxes as also in putrid and foule ulcers The flower is also used for astriction and boiled in decoctions for this same purpose Now we proceed to the severall sorts of Nuts in most ordinary use for food and physicke All such fruits then that are covered with hard shells we commonly call by the name of Nut and amongst all these the Wall-nut or Walsh-nut beareth away the bell The Wall-nut being new gathered is the best for use being of a temperate facultie howbeit after becomming older it groweth hotter and afterwards being long kept it becommeth oilie and then is not to bee used All Wall-nuts are accounted hurtfull for the pectorall
permitted And this was the opinion of Hippocrates and so hath beene held by all our Physitians that in Winter wee are to feed most liberally in Sommer very sparingly and in the Spring and Autumne to keepe a meane betwixt both the former whatsoever any say to the contrary The region wherein any one liveth is likewise not to be neglected for in cold countries where people feed more plentifully there the sicke is to be allotted a more liberall allowance than in hot countries as Spaine Egypt and the like And mee thinks that besides all the premisses the calling or course of life one leadeth is worth the consideration for the which cause schollers and others accustomed to a sedentarie life in their health as then their diet ought to be more sparing and easier of concoction than for other people so falling sicke the like caution must be observed And here women come also to be considered who for the most part use lesse exercise than men and have the pores of their bodie lesse perspirable and often a colder complexion and this is chiefely of the better sort who live in ease and idlenesse Influence and abundance of all things to be understood In the next place wee come to rules of diet desumed from the disease it selfe which was the second head wee here proposed to handle And these rules must be understood by dividing them into their proper ranks and must be illustrated by accommodating them to fevers few diseases without a fever ceizing on the body of man and therefore in this discourse wee have of them a speciall regard though other diseases also shall not be neglected All diseases then are either acute and of a shorter continuance and for this cause called acute or else chronicall or of longer continuance Acute and short diseases require a slender and sparing diet and the shorter and sharper the disease be the more sparing should be the diet Againe in chronicall and long continuing diseases the diet must be allowed more liberall lest in a long journie nature being toiled and tired out before shee be at her journies end faint and succumb under the burthen of the disease Now of chronicall diseases some are of a longer continuance than others and therfore as to them that continue long wee allow liberall allowance so to the longer wee still allow the more liberall allowance and on the contray since among short and sharpe diseases some are shorter and sharper than others as the acute and sharpe requireth a sparing so the sharper a more sparing and the sharpest of all the most sparing diet of all which approacheth neerest to that strict diet of Hippocrates having all this while a principall regard to the strength of the patient and other cicumstances already nominated Now besides the difference of the nature of the disease no lesse carefull and circumspect ought wee to be in the observing the times of the disease both generall and particular The generall time I call the whole course and continuance of the disease the particular the paroxysmes or exacerbations of the same and in fevers commonly called fits Now in both these times as well generall as particular wee are diligently to observe the beginning the increase the heighth and the declining many in the beginning of the disease if they foresee the disease like to be of long continuance doe use to feed the sicke liberally But according to Celsus in the beginning of the disease the sicke should suffer hunger and thirst for if corrupt humours abound the best food is but by them corrupted Foule bodies saith Hippocrates the more thou feedest the more thou hurtest Wherefore in the beginning if strength permit wee are by degrees to withdraw their food untill the heighth of the disease in the which if it be an acute disease they are more sparingly to be fed In diseases therefore that very speedily come to their heighth a very thinne and slender diet is to be used But where it maketh not so great hast to the heighth then are wee in the very time of the heighth as also a little before to withdraw some part of their diet and before permit to them more liberall allowance that the sicke may the better hold-out But there being so many severall circumstances herein to be observed and the severall and individuall constitutions being so various it is very hard to set downe any certaine rule concerning this particular In diseases which give no intermission as continuall fevers beware of feeding the sicke in the exacerbation or worst time but wait for some remission when the sicke findeth some alteration In intermitting fevers as tertians quartanes c. except their fit should prove very long and their strength feeble feed them not in their fit but wait for the remission or declining of it or else prevent the fit certaine houres lest it surprize the sicke with a full stomacke and so prolong it But if it should come to passe that the sicke were not able to attend this appointed time then were it better to take something in the beginning or increasing of the fit and no waies towards the heighth of it and yet if strength should faile it were better to yeeld to an inconvenience than to a mischiefe And there Galen diligently observing the strength of his patients fed some of them in the beginning some in the vigor and very heighth of the fit which occasioned some to mocke and deride him But with us women many times must have their will although it cost the patient his life and what they apprehend to be right the Physitian may often spend his breath but doe little good I wish people therefore to be wise when they see especially it lieth them upon their lives and if they will learne wit of no body else let them learne some of Satan Skinne for skinne and all that a man hath will he give for his life CHAP. VII What things in prescribing Diet for the diseased are to be observed OF the three severall sorts of Diet fit for the diseased to wit a sparing slender or thinne a liberall or full and a meane diet betwixt both wee have already discoursed Each of these diets is so called in relation to the aliments which nourish sparingly liberally or in a meane maner Now in each of these aliments we are to consider the substance quantity quality the fit time for feeding the sicke the order and the preparation or manner of preparing the same The substance of food is either solid or liquid of easie or hard degestion yeelding to the body good or bad nourishment That aliment which is appropriated for the sick ought to be easie of digestion of a good and laudable juice and nourish much in a small quantity and liquid or solid according to the nature and variety of the disease Hippocrates used to feed the sicke of fevers with suppings And Aristotle wisheth
in health or sicknesse and either naturall and involuntary or else voluntary Naturall involuntary teares proceed either from the want of this caruncle or abundance of moisture in the braine which they signifie If they be accidentall then they may proceed by meanes of cold compressing and condensating as also by meanes of sharpe things from without or taken inwardly as onions mustard smoake and defluxions and weaknesse of the braines Involuntary teares in the sicke of acute diseases are esteemed bad as signifying a great imbecillity of the retentive faculty Voluntary teares both in sicknesse and in health may proceed aswell from a voluntary compression or a dilatation and hence is it that teares proceed aswell from joy and mirth as from sorrow and anger Cold teares are not esteemed good and so are very hot and salt and that not only because they signifie too great a heat of the braine but also because as witnesseth Hippocrates they threaten exulceration of the eyes Thicke teares argue concoction The thinnesse argueth sometimes the crudity of the humor and sometimes againe the narrownesse of the passages which are also causes thereof But this shall suffice to have said concerning this subject CHAP. XVIJ. Of bathing among the antients as also certaine ablutions of head hands and feet Of artificiall bathes generall and particular their right use the time preparation and divers other considerable circumstances and how far we observe these customes THe antients had in great request divers sorts of ablutions or washings both of the whole and also of some parts of the bodie some whereof we yet observe and some wee have forsaken They were used either before or after meales and that for severall uses and ends Before meales they had a custome to bath their whole body and to anoint it as may appeare by many places of antient writers both Poets and Orators and many other antient authors aswell Physitians as others Of these some were publike to receive all commers others private which private men of meanes with great cost and charges builded for their owne and friends use the like whereof is at this day to be seene in all the Germane countries My purpose is not to spend time in entring upon a particular description of those sumptuous bathes of antient times whereof antient authors are so full But what excesse was used in this particular see in that wise Seneca At this day the Germanes have in very frequent use this bathing once a weeke or at least in a fortnight those of any fashion having for this same purpose their hot house in their backe court as we here have other office houses and in every towne are some of these publike hot-houses for the use of any where they pay a certaine rate for their attendance In these bathes they use most commonly to sweat without any other previous preparation or purgation both man woman and child and many use immediately after scarification with cupping-glasses applied to some parts of the body where they bleed at the discretion of their dog-leach who yeelds his attendance during this time or yet according to their owne foolish fancy seldome consulting with a Physitian about this businesse With us these bathings are not so much in request although I deny not they might now and then discreetly used prove profitable for the body howbeit in some places of London there are some hot-houses whereof one may make use It is more frequent here with us to wash the body in cold water in the Sommer-time which being but seldome as twice or thrice a yeere used might well bee allowed But there is a very perverse and preposterous custome used of the younger sort apprentices especially to wash their bodies in rivers or other waters immediately after meales especially after supper being very prejudiciall to their health and disposing the bodie to divers diseases The hands may be as often washed as one will both morning evening and midday both before and after meales in sicknesse and in health But whether often washing of the hands helpe the eye-sight may not without cause be questioned The Salernitane schoole affirmeth it howbeit his interpreter thinketh it is only by accident by reason the hands being cleane they handling the eyes they are like to fare the better Againe whether we may ever wash head and feet may likewise be demanded Or whether that old proverbiall speech be true Saepemanus raro pedes nunquam caput Now as for the head in regard it is for the most part so well supplied with internall moisture and that aswell in regard of its moist constitution as also by the continuall exhalations from the nether parts of the body and there by sublimation metamorphosed into moisture it would seeme to be against reason by any new addition to increase the same I doe indeed confesse we are to be wary in medling with this sublime and noble part the seat of the senses of reason and understanding it selfe It is notwithstanding in some cases and certaine diseases not onely tolerable but even also necessary to use this lotion of the head provided it bee but seldome used as namely in heads much subject to defluxions of rheume in which case we may wash the head in a lee appropriated for this purpose as of betony or the like and afterwards wash it in faire water not fully cold then dry it with a dry linnen cloth without warming it afterwards besprinckling the head with some powder made of frankincense masticke red-rose leaves rosemary and sage it will much comfort both head and senses And we see the antients used much Embrocations which was a wetting of the head and those who goe to the hot bath in Sommerset-shire sitting in the bath use these Embrocations or buckettings which some doe often endure to a very great number I wish notwithstanding that these ablutions of the head bee but seldome used in health as twice or thrice or at most foure times a yeere And as for the use of it in the sicke as in defluxions and rheums I advise them if they desire to speed wel to be advised by good counsell what and when to doe As for this ablution or washing of the feet it hath been of very antient use especially among the Easterne people where the heat was great where this was an ordinary curtesie used towards strangers which was no small refreshing in these hot scorching countries Wee use it often also both in sicknesse and in health but in warme-water commonly with addition of some well-smelling herbes as fennell camomill hyssop and the like which cannot be misliked especially to bed-ward as it is most commonly by us used In sicknesse it is also often of very good use especially in hot acute diseases in burning Fevers Phrensieâ— where often pertinacious watching is joined with deliration And in this case we are to boile good store of lettice white nymphaea or
times observed mingled therewith Wee will then beginne with those excrements which in every respect are accounted best and from thence wee may the better observe and know the deviation of others from that rule The best then are neither too hard nor too soft or liquid and thinne but consisting of a meane betwixt both compact and firmely united without the admixture of any uncouth matter of a pale yellow colour and in quantity answerable to the food received in smell neither too stinking not yet altogether free from all manner of smell nor of too sharpe a quality and which are at the time accustomed without any great paine labor straining or great noise easily expelled Such as decline further from these laudable markes are alwayes accounted worse either in sicknesse or in health And therefore thinne and very liquid excrements unlesse procured by the like diet by physicke or by way of crise are esteemed bad and unconcocted as likewise such as are white in colour and reteining still the quality of the food from whence they proceed and such also as are of a high golden or intense yellow colour by reason of the affluxe of choler into the guts and in like manner we approve not of too pale and frothy and yet worst of all purulent and materie excrements Greene black linid or leaden coloured unlesse by reason of such diet or by way of crises are dangerous and to be condemned and so are viscous and fat ordure by reason they signifie colliguation and wasting Besides whensoever a very bad stinking smell is joyned with a bad colour it is very bad for then it argueth a very great putrefaction Variety of bad colours in these excrements is also very bad as arguing in the body many ill infirmities Wormes on a criticall day with the ordure expelled signifie good but if in the beginning of the disease they appeare it is bad and if they come forth by themselves without any excrements dead or alive in acute diseases it is dangerous There be divers causes of these severall substances of excrements Thicke compact and well united excrements proceed from a good concoction of the stomacke and a temperate heat of the guts Thinne and liquid excrements proceed either from obstruction of the mesaraicke veines or by reason the food is not digested and concocted as in crudities or else is not altered or changed as in the disease lienteria or is corrupted as in belches from such matter may bee discerned Such excrements againe from the imbecillity of attractive faculty Fourthly from defluxion of humidity upon the guts Fiftly from the quality and nature of the food and such other things as loosen the belly as prunes caffe and the like Sixtly drinke descending towards the guts when as it is not carried thorow the mesaraicke veines to the liver and attracted by the reines and ureters Soft excrements proceed also from divers causes 1. From the moderate moisture of the guts 2. From the mollifying Diet as mallowes lettice and the like 3. They proceed sometimes from the admixture of divers humors proceeding from the liver or other parts as likewise from the admixture of some fat with the ordure as in Pthisickes Hecticke fevers turned to Marasmes c. And it is the opinion of Galen that in pestilentiall Fevers the egestions are almost alwayes liquid by reason of this fat substance Hard egestions againe proceed likewise of divers causes 1. By reason of immoderate heat proceeding of great labour from bathing or some other externall cause 2. By use of diureticke medicines by which meanes these excrements may bee dried up 3. By reason of astringent diet as medlars quinces sloes and the like 4. The long continuance of the excrements in the guts may likewise occasion the same the small veines implanted in the guts attracting all the moisture from the excrements and the guts by this long continuance acquiring a greater heat 5. By means of the dry constitution of the guts and the like distemper of the whole body I could here likewise insist on many other particulars concerning the mixture of severall sorts of excrements and causes which to avoyd prolixity I willingly passe by But the question may here be asked how often and when is the best time for this evacuation in health I answer that as wee can hardly certainly determine mens particular occasions constitutions and individuall proprieties and natures no more can wee absolutely set downe any verdict concerning this businesse yet is it best in time of health to inioy this benefit at least once if not twice aday howbeit I am not ignorant that some both in sicknesse and in health have continued divers daies yea sometimes weekes without the use of this evacuation I confesse indeed such as were able to absteine from all manner of sustenance for divers yeeres together needed not either this or any other evacuation examples whereof I have produced some already But in ordinary healthfull bodies this is alwaies the best and so answerable also in sicknesse and who so decline from this rule it commonly fareth not so well with them I deny not but there are some individuall constitutions who better indure the want of this benefit than others Neither yet is there any set quantity to be determined for good and laudable nourishment as egges and the like ingender fewer excrements than herbes browne bread and the like The best time is the morning and if it may be conveniently in the evening also before going to bed will prove beneficiall But it commeth many times to passe than in Fevers especially and hot acute diseases the body being bound and as it were locked up there arise and ascend up into the braine divers hot vapours the cause of no small annoyance not to that noble part only but to the whole body there must be therefore a speciall regard and care had to expell these excrements especially by opening and loosening diet and if that will not prevaile by lenitive and milde gentle evacuations suppositories and glisters Againe it commeth so sometimes to passe that nature is too forward in this kinde of evacuation as commonly in fluxes of all kindes proving often very pernicious to the patient Now these fluxes are of divers sorts as first that wee call diarrhaea the mildest and safest of all the rest and next dysenteria proceeding of divers humours but ordinarily with the admixtion of blood and therefore called commonly the bloody flâ—xe or fluxe rather which if not carefully in time look'd unto proveth often dangerous if not deadly Besides there are yet other dangerous fluxes call'd Lienteria and Caeliaca where the parts appropriated for concoction being interessed by these fluxes the body is frustrated its of proper nourishment All these fluxes in due and convenient time are by the advice and counsell of the wise and judicious Physitian by proper and convenient remedies to be cured but now
may be out of ignorance As for our roaring bores tosse-pots pot-companions and our ordinary swil-bolls who I thinke will be readier to jeere and flout than be reformed and ruled by my counsell therfore such I leave to be corrected with their owne rod and it may be a sharper if they persist I advise especially all thin cleare and cholericke constitutions as likewise all melancholicke persons especially by meanes of choler adust hot brained and yong people women with child and all such as are sicke of any acute diseases to absteine from the use thereof It is best to be used in Winter in raw and moist weather and in cold and moist braines in dropsies defluctions upon the joints and lungs proceeding from cold humors tooth-ach gout pector all infirmities c. As also for the megrim proceeding from the same cause the mother and divers infirmities of the braine proceeding from wind cold moisture As for the age it best befitteth old age where the brain is cold and moist And as for the kind of life Mariners and Sailers and such as live neer waters and there use their trade as Tanners Pelt-mongers and the like and such as live in moist fenny waterish and moorish places as in Holland in Lincolneshire and other like places And such as make use of it thus physically for to such here I direct my speech I thinke it very fit they use with it some correctives it having as great need as any most violent purge whatsoever as hath bin already proved In diseases of the braine therefore a drop or two of the oile of amber cloves mace or in defect of them some of their powder or halfe sage some dry rosemary or the like if in Epilepticall fits some powder of paeoniae seeds or roots will much correct the ill qualities of this intoxicating simple and corroborate the animall powers In diseases of the lungs joints cholicke from wind or phlegme and the like a drop or two of the oile of annise seeds of mints cumin or caroway seeds or in defect of them some of the powder of the seeds will serve for a good corrective But howsoever let no man deceive himselfe so farre as to thinke this to be some famous Panacea Nepenthe or some golden Elixir whereof there hath beene much bragging but small benefit as yet reaped If thou wilt not be warned by that which I and others have advertised thee thou maiest perhaps repent when it will be too late and howsoever thou findest not alwaies suddenly such ill successe as we fore-tell thee yet remember that oftentimes in yonger yeers there is such seed of diseases by disorder sown in the body that in old age bringeth forth much bitter fruit And of this I am verily perswaded that the excessive and disorderly use of this simple is no small cause as of the more frequent raigning of divers dangerous diseases among us so of many strange and uncoth accidents according to the severall and individuall bodies therewith assaulted But yet before I finish this point concerning salivation I must give notice of an ignorant and dangerous custome of some Barber-surgeons in the use thereof Some of these many times undertake the cure of some inâ—â—â—â—â—tâ—â—◠〈…〉 with an ordinary 〈…〉 with a 〈…〉 by 〈…〉 into this câ—â—rt o◠〈…〉 by 〈…〉 mercurially 〈◊〉 which in this cas◠〈◊〉 commonly uses wh◠〈…〉 noâ—th all there 〈…〉 and 〈…〉 into 〈…〉 with a 〈…〉 His reason as sâ—â—be of her 〈…〉 â—ted 〈…〉 all 〈…〉 or this cause was to draw the humour upwards and frâ—â— the 〈…〉 But here the whole frame of her body was out of order the live 〈…〉 body especially the nether parts by reason 〈…〉 Now whether such a coursâ— was then sit 〈…〉 the â—â—rned â—â—dge and besides a reasonable in 〈…〉 by that which hath been said already 〈…〉 and their waiâ—s how unfit and indirect a course this was 〈…〉 makâ— it in thâ—â— appeare but that now iâ— cannâ—t 〈…〉 thiâ— particular Onely by thâ— way take a 〈…〉 sottish stupidity and or 〈…〉 of the 〈…〉 This soâ—◠〈…〉 counsell a 〈…〉 onely 〈…〉 time being 〈◊〉 Winteâ— to 〈…〉 such a 〈◊〉 as 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 of the 〈…〉 from anâ— kinde of physicke to 〈…〉 by 〈…〉 and aâ—eâ—snesse and partly for 〈…〉 â—presse upon her shâ—â— seeming 〈…〉 to 〈…〉 the Spirits of the yeere and yet 〈…〉 it perswasion shee that before was unwilling to 〈…〉 â—tion submitted her selfe to this trouble some mercuriall 〈…〉 â—vation and such other directions hee was pleased to ordeine 〈…〉 member very neere a matter of a yeere I speake nâ—t this 〈…〉 will I beare this mans person but pleading now fâ—r the publiâ—◠〈…〉 â—he which I haue my warrant from my mâ—ther the Vniversity I thought not my duty to betray the truth but hee â—omâ— to my 〈…〉 to vindicate the same from error and impoâ—ture And therof for 〈…〉 â—â—suredly knowne that the same party hath with others prâ—ceeded aftâ—â— this same manner in other cases also and where I dare sweare therâ— was not the haâ—t â—â—â—â—ition of the poâ—e I thought good to give the countrie notice that they be no more deluded And that so much 〈◊〉 â—ther in that â— suppâ—se it be not his errour â—â—â—ly but 〈…〉 be culpable in th same binde CHAP. XXIII Of Snot or Snevell Rheume falling downe upon the lungs and other pectorall parts of Expuition or Expectoration and the great abuse in the use of expectorating medicines and the right use thereof AS in the whole body of man there are divers emunctories or passages whereby superfluous and excrementitious matter is expelled so hath the braine for the same purpose obteined the nose which besides other uses hath this in particular thereby to expell such superfluous excrements as abound in the braine This excrement most usually thus expelled is by the Greeke Physitian Hippocrates especially call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine mucus narium in English snot of snewell This is then an excrement of the braine the which abounding in phlegmaticke moisture whatsoever is superfluous or unprofitable it partly expelleth by the nose and partly by other places Of this excrementitious matter some is sometimes very thinne and some tough and clammy sometimes in a greater sometimes in a smaller quantity some againe hot some cold some also sweet unsavoury and bitter againe some without and smell and some of an evill smell as commeth to passe in ulcers called ozenae and principally in the French pox where the nose to the view of the eye may often be discerned to be eaten away with this venomous matter This excrement is againe often died with divers colors as reddish yellowish white Sometimes this snot commeth away of its own accord and sometimes otherwise expelled Such excrements as are purg'd by the palat of the mouth and the nose according to Galen declare unto us how the braine and the members thereof are affected When this
matter is thinne it signifieth a colliquation as it were a melting of this matter and the beginning of this distillation but that againe which is thicker argueth concoction and that it is either now at the height or else declining When this excrement stinketh it is alwaies taken for an evill signe indicating an ulcer and sometimes taken for a signe of headach proceeding from wormes Great abundance of this excrementitious humidity in the braine is signified where this excrement aboundeth and by consequence often stupidity or debility of memory descending copiously of its owne accord it is not so good as when it is blowne out When it is of a reddish colour it is not so to be approved of as arguing alwaies some blood Salt or bitter argue some heat sweet and insipid the contrary When this excrement is stopp'd and the head stuffed the passages must by convenient and fit meanes be opened by means of the juice of beets marjoram and many other such opening simples either the juice or dry powder thereof being for this purpose used Such are commonly called errhina or caputpurgia If it be too aboundant then meanes must be used to dry the braine by powders perfumes c. especially a spare and drying diet and forget not to keepe warme the head and feet But wee finde often that a liquid thinne excrement taketh another way and from the braine descendeth and falleth downe upon divers parts of the body which when it falleth down upon the pectorall parts wee commoly call the rheume which as also Catarrhus is a Greeke word signifying a defluxe or falling downe In Latine sputum is common to both that we call saliva whereof before and this same whereof wee now speake That Spittle or Rheume in Galens esteeme is the best which is white in colour smooth and equall being neither too moist and liquid in substance not yet too thicke and tough and Avicenne out of Hippocrates addeth that they be easie and of speedy expectoration This theumaticke matter is either solitary without any other disease or symptome or else therewith accompanied to wit a Feuer When it falled downe upon the wind-pipe or the pipes of the lungs and be not very hot or sharpe it causeth hoarsnesse and shortnesse of breath in intention or remission according as the humour lesse or more aboundeth and as it is tough and clammy or thinner as also according to the strength or weaknesse of the part recipient c. When there is a Fever joined with such a matter falne downe vpon the pectorall parts it is commonly either a Pleuresie or inflammation of the lungs called Peripneumonia howbeit I deny not but that there are also divers other rheumaticke Fevers whereof I purpose not here to speake This excrement is found to be of divers tasts as sweete insipid bitter and salt proceeding from the nature of the humours they are ingendred of And it is likewise of divers colours partaking also of the nature of the humours as some are white some reddish some yellow blacke or greene which varietie of colours is oftenest in Pleuresies to be observed Sometimes there is also some other matter mingled therewith as sometimes a congealed mattery substance sometime a cartisaginous substance from the wind-pipe and sometimes also little stones Now this rheumaticke matter falling downe upon any of the aforesaid parts if it be not from thence expelled is not a little prejudiciall to the health and is commonly accompanied with a cough Upon the first annoyance of the cough therefore it is a common custome to use some meanes to expell this humour which is most commonly done without any order or distinction either of causes or constitutions c. and none so ignorant but they are furnished with some one or other if not more medicines for the cold as they call it And yet in the use of them there is no small caution to be observed both of the state of the body the time of the disease the part ttansmitting commonly the head and the part recipient or receiving to wit the parts within the brest When as this excrement is hard to be expelled wee are by all meanes possible to further and facilitate the same and this difficulty proceedeth from a double cause the thinnesse and sharpnesse or from the toughnesse and clamminesse of the humor The former we effect by incrassation of the humor by sparing and orderly Diet and divers other things which doe incrassat and thicken this thinne matter as conserve of roses sirup of violets of Jujubes c and divers compound medicines tending to this same purpose If it be tough and impacted into the pipes of the lungs then are wee to use such meanes as may both cut and expell it as colts-foot maidens haire hyssop licorice and the like whereof are made divers sirups and other compositions for the effecting of this businesse And when these will not serve the turne then make we use of some more forcible meanes as of Oxymel simplex and compounded with divers forcible ingredients as squills c as shall by the counsell and directions of the learned be prescribed And this is the proper way by which diseases of the pectorall parts are ordinarily purged howbeit sometimes although seldome we use to purge by stoole in these cases It is here also to be observed that such medicines as are for this purpose appointed be prepared in a solid or at least not a very liquid forme that they may be lickt downe or else let melt under the tongue for taken in a great quantity and drunke or swallowed downe they goe onely into the stomacke and so into the guts and veines and therefore produce not the expected effect Hence doth appeare the error of such as thinke to drive away their cold as they call it by large draughts of buttered beere to bed-wards which is so farre from answering their expectation that by hindring and interrupting concoction increasing crudities opening the orifice of the stomacke and loosening the same and by fuming up into the head it rather furthereth and increaseth this cough or cold call it as thou wilt It is in like manner to be observed that as sweet things loosen tough phlegme and so facilitate expectoration so doth the too frequent use of them much debilitate the concocting faculty of the stomacke besides that in cholericke persons they are apt to ingender the like humor And the too frequent use of too acid tart or sharpe things is here also to be shunned but bitter things howbeit better for both yet scarce so wel-come to the Apitian palats of our age And it is here likewise to be observed that in diseases conteined within this second region the spittings up sputa are equivalent to the urines in many other diseases whereby wee judge of the concoction or crudity of the disease as Galen himselfe at great length witnesseth yea
of excrements Now naturall drinesse may be prevented by such things as moisten much The wasting of our triple substance may be prevented by good ayre meat and drinke of a good and laudable quality engendring but little excrementitious matter and if notwithstanding by reason of their condition or quality they shall chance to ingender any excrement they may either naturally or else by artificiall meanes be voided out And therefore conclude they by this dieteticall art may the naturall causes of fatall death be declined But this is an uncontrolled truth Contra vim mortis non est medicamen in hortis It is appointed for all men to dye and then commeth in iudgement saith the Oracle that cannot lie True 't is and cannot be denied that by vertue of a laudable diet the life of man may be prolonged to an hundred or an hundred and twenty yeeres as hath beene published by some of our Authors but for ever to be perpetuated is impossible and that both by reason of the materiall and the efficient cause The matter is either first or second the first matter by reason it hath adjoyned privation a maligne principle therefore cannot alwaies continue the same The second matter is of the elements whereof the body of man is composed the which howsoever it conteineth in it the substance of the elements well united and compacted together yet can their disagreeing qualities never so well be composed but some discord and disagreement will arise which is the cause of dissolution of the whole frame The efficient cause is either remote or neerer the remote is God himselfe who hath placed severall and contrary motions in the heavens one from the East to the West and is once every day accomplished Another againe from the West to the East which are at great length to be found in the writings of our learned Astronomers Now if God would have made the world to continue for ever faith Plato he would never have placed these contrary motions in the heavens because identity and unity is the cause of continuance as contrariety the beginning of destruction The neerer efficient cause is our naturall heat which by little and little destroyes our naturall and radicall moisture the which once failing death undoubtedly followeth And howsoever by the use of aliments it be in some sort repaired yet this devouring heat getteth daily ground of it till at length it giveth it the foyle concerning which more may be seene in the workes of the worthy Plato It hath then sufficiently and plainely appeared that the life of man by meanes of a good and laudable diet may be prolonged and diseases prevented howsoever death is unavoidable But then here one may aske what is the ordinary period whereunto the life of man by meanes of art may be prolonged Our ordinary Authours as wee have said assigne 100 or 120 but wee have a certaine sort of people who in shew would seeme to transcend vulgar understanding and tell us strange things of the prolongation of mans life for many yeeres farre beyond this above-mentioned period and that by meanes of certaine medicines made of metalls of gold especially and these be Paracelsus and his followers And although this great miracle-monger as his foolish followers would make him died not without tormenting arthriticall paines many times notwithstanding all his secrets before ever hee atteined the 60th yeere of his age yet will not their folly depart from them if they were braied in a morter affirming him yet to live in his grave by vertue of aurum potabile writing great voluminous bookes and inditing many profitable precepts to his disciples I hope the Printers shall not want worke when they are ready But Paracelsus tells us yet stranger tales for I doubt the reader will account them for such of attracting not onely life I meane strength and vigor from a young man but relateh of one who drew learning and knowledge from another yea that from any learned man he met and kept company with hee could easily by vertue of his strong imagination attract and draw unto himselfe the others wit and learning The same Author and his expositor tell us strange things of the long life of some particular persons where is likewise to be observed the great confusion he useth as in all his writings so in this particular where sometimes hee mentioneth mortall men as the Patriarches and others and againe confounds this narration with a discourse of immortall spirits who are neither to be confined with in his 1000. nor yet 1200 yeeres And is it not a thing ridiculous now in these later times to extend the life of man-kinde to 1000 900 or at the least to 600 yeeres And besides may it not easily to an indifferent understanding appeare how ridiculous this opinion is that Adam and the rest of the old Patriarches lived so long by vertue of the Philosophers stone And what then became of this so rare medicine when holy Iacob complained that few and evill were the daies of his pilgrimage And how came it to passe that Abraham and Sarah lived then so short a while That Isaacs eyes were dimme Did their forefathers envie them such a medicine all Arts and Sciences were transmitted from the antient Patriarches to posterity and were they so envious as to conceale from them so great a good If these prattlers could by their owne experience make this appeare there might be some colour for us to beleeve they had knowne this Art and concealed it from their successors But the contrary hath already appeared whatsoever they prate of one Artephius who by meanes of his wisdome as they say lived 1000 yeeres But now it may be some will here aske mee the question whether I am not of opinon that mens ages now daily decline the world waxing old and some holding that the Sunne now by that reason to wit of the age of the world draweth neere the earth as having more need now in this old age of a greater supply of warmth then heretofore But as concerning this subject because it hath beene of set purpose in a large volume handled at great length I shall neede to say the lesse yet something I must say concerning this subject now in hand I meane the life of man If this assertion were of an infallible truth that the age of mankinde had proportionably still declined then had the period of mans longest life beene by this time comprehended within a very small number of yeeres But the contrary of this we see by daily experience confirmed that in many places of the world yea and in most men live as long as in antient times I meane after the times of our first forefathers the old Patriarches This caution I would withall to be put in that in our comparison with antiquity we must alwaies put in this proviso caeteris paribus making the cases both alike As they lived a sober and
and lastly of a more solid substance flesh and bone Now these three from the very first beginning to the end of our daies are continually decaying and therefore must daily be repaired if life be continued The losse then of the first is repaired by meanes of this aire of the two later by meanes of meate and drinke Now since the use of this element is so great that it not onely cooles and refreshes the excessive heat of the heart but also repaires our decaied spirits wee will say something thereof The proper quality then of the aire is reputed to be warme joined with moisture I meane in a temperate and not in any excessive degree howbeit according to the severall and manifold alterations it is subject unto it often altereth not the body onely but the minde of man also A good laudable and temperate aire is a great meanes to uphold the health on the contrary being corrupted it proveth often the cause of many diseases and that the aire doth not a little affect the mind may from hence be evinced that such aire as we most commonly breath in such spirits are there ingendred Of a thicke and cloudy aire thicke and grosse spirits are most commonly produced For this cause the Athenians were accounted wiser than the Thebans by reason they lived in a purer and more refined aire And all Scythia brought forth but one famous Philosopher Anacharsis and this they impute to the thicknesse of the aire of that countrey Plato made choice of a moist and moorish place in the suburbs of the City of Athens to teach in and that of set purpose to blunt the sharpe edge of his pregnant wit And Plato himselfe affirmeth that Minerva being to build the City of Athens did well before consider the nature and quality of that countrey as promising no lesse then such famous worthy wits as in antient histories are recorded Now the healthfulnesse and goodnesse of the aire according to Galen is determined by the purity and good temper thereof A pure aire is called a subtill aire infected with no corrupted vapours nor noisome smells A temperate aire is such a one wherein we neither quiver for cold nor yet sweat for heat Now if the aire of any countrey whatsoever of it selfe naturally unhealthfull no art of man ever can amend it and then the best remedy I know is with all possible speed to make choice of a better If the aire be but accidentally bad then there may be use of Art and so it may according to the excesse in any quality be corrected as wee read that Hippocrates corrected the malignity of a pestilentiall aire by making of great fires of sweete smelling wood as concerning that alteration of the aire occasioned by meanes of the times and seasons of the yeere we are alwaies carefully to preserve the laudable temperature thereof by contrary remedies as farre as in us lieth as the sharpnesse of winter is to be helpt by good fires and warme clothes In the parching heat of summer we are to coole and refresh our bodies by correcting the aire with contrarie coolers especially within doores as also by the use of thinner clothing Now that aire which any one hath suck'd in from his infancie suteth farre better with that constitution than another howsoever perhaps in it selfe of a more laudable quality It behooveth therefore every one as far as in them lieth to make choice of a good and laudable aire But because most men must be contented with that aire they first breathed in therefore this would chiefly be diligently carefully considered of our new colonies who transplant themselves into remote regions that they first make choice of a country whose naturall temper differeth not much from their owne but with this proviso that it be rather warmer than colder than their owne In the next place let the place of thy particular habitation be setled in a good place of the countrey and that both in regard of the aire and water as also all other necessarie commodities Our Virginian colonies therefore were at the first in this very farre over-seene not being so carefull to build their townes in a good and laudable aire and likewise my Lord of Baltomore was too confident in setling himselfe in so tempestuous and cold a place of New-found-land which forced him at length quite to relinquish that land And I wish all other undertakers may take warning by other mens harmes Now it is to be observed that the aire is much altered in quality according to the high or low situation of the place and hence commeth it to passe that there is a great difference betwixt the aire of the high hills and that of the vallies the aire being commonly exceeding cold on the top of those hills yea even when it is indifferent warme in the lower regions and this travellers that passe the Alps and Pyrenean hills doe often finde true where the snow covereth their high tops when there is none to be found in the lower regions A Spanish Iesuit to this purpose relateth a strange story of such a high mountaine in the West Indies There is saith he in Peru a high mountaine whereupon hee ascended as well provided as he could being fore-warned by men expert But in the ascent both he and all his company were surprized with so sudden pangs of straining and casting and some also of scowring that the sea-sicknesse is not comparable thereunto He cast up phlegme choler and blood and thought he should have cast vp his heart also Some thinking presently there to die demanded confession and some are said to have lost their life by this accident The best is it lasteth but for a time and leaveth no great harme behinde it and thus it fareth in all the ridge of that mountaine which runneth above 1530. miles although not in all places alike In some different passages thereof he found the like difference and distemper but not so grievous as at Pariacaca He ascribeth it to the subtilty of the aire in those hills which he thinketh are the highest in the world the Alps and Pyrenees being in respect thereof as ordinary houses compared to high towers In other places of Peru men sometimes are found dead by reason of this sharpe aire and yet their bodies putrifie not which argueth an extreme pure cold penetrating aire Now this maketh it to seeme the stranger Peru being of it selfe situate within the Tropickes Now in the aire this is likewise to be considered that some aire better befitteth some bodies than others a moist foggy body agreeth better with a good dry aire and a dry constitution with a moderate moist aire and so of other complexions simple or compounded We are yet further in considering the aire to take notice of it according to the severall times of the day and therefore although the aire admitteth of many alterations and changes upon divers occasions yet that aire is
be best used of young and hot bodies but is an enemy to such as are molested with raw phlegmaticke humors or wind The seeds as of all the others are good to provoke urine and qualifie the sharpnesse and acrimony thereof and therefore of them as of the seeds of cucumers and muske-melon with an appropriate liquor wee may make not onely emulsions to provoke urine and cleanse those passages but even in burning diseases of the brest lungs and other parts Of this as also of Cucumers may bee distilled a water very good against burning Fevers and other hot acute diseases The Cocumer as they commonly cal it challengeth unto it self the second place which came chiefly in credit and estimation by the means of Tiberius Caesar who scarcely ever either dined or supped without them The best way of use is as is the cōmon custome sliced and with vineger shaken betwixt two dishes and then with vineger oyle pepper eaten as a sallet They are very cold and moist in themselves exceeding the gourd They minister no good nourishment at all to the body of man and are best for the hot and dry constitutions and deadly enemies to the cold phlegmaticke body and such as are subject to wind Before they be big they use to pickle them up with vineger and salt and use them in Winter as a sallet and so I hold them best as having then lost a great deale of their crude and unconcocted moisture But a late writer rejecteth the use of them how curiously soever prepared and imputeth the raigning of many contumacious Fevers and other diseases in France amongst other causes to the too frequent use of this unwholesome fruit There is yet another fruit called a melon and with us commonly a muske-melon the French call them Melons and the Poitevins in France Poupon from the Latine Pepo which is thought was only a great ripe cucumer This is the best of the bunch as is the Proverbe howbeit in this our cold moist climat I hold them nothing worth This fruit moistneth very much and is by many esteemed to be cold in quality but for my part the sweetnes of their taste and therefore by the French called sugar melons make me rather of opinion that they partake of som heat or at the least that they are temperate Galen esteemeth them far better than any of the former as being of a more solid substance nothing so miost They stir up the appetit provoke urine and moisten the body They are pleasant to the taste but are easily converted into choler so produce both putrid Fevers and the bloudy fluxe as I have observed in France where they abound and therfore let our yong Gentlemen travellers take heed lest sweet meate at length prove to have sowre sauce They are to be eaten before meales as many Sommer-fruits and some counsel a cup of wine after them But whither that wil not too speedily carry those crudities into the small veines may be questioned The best grow in France Italy and Spaine and such hot countries and in France from Tours southward In and about Paris they are nothing so good the ground being so forced by art they growing as it were on dung-hills They may be discerned to be good by these properties following First if they be heavy of a pleasant smell if they have thicke stalks and the outward skinne greene and withall they must have the inward pulpe firme without moisture and the seeds sticking fast to it I have somewhat the longer insisted upon this point to acquaint travellers with the nature use and danger of such things as are not so common with us here at home CHAP. XVI Of Fruits of trees especially of shrubs ordinarily used for food and often for Physicke and first of Straw-berries Raspes Mulberries Goose-berries Currants commonly so called red and black and Whortles and Bil-berries of Barberies of Cherries Plummes Abricoks and Peaches IT is more than time wee come now to the fruites of trees which ministred unto mankind both in the state of innocency and after also his food for a long time But after varietie of other food was found out they were commonly served in for after-courses or as the French call it for desert But after a while when men beganne to neglect this point of good husbandry fruits became so dear that gold could scarce buy them In the time when Varro lived they were equalled with the weight of gold In Plinies time a Peach was ordinarily sold for three hundreth pence We will divide all fruits according to the usuall manner into those of a shorter or of a longer continuance Those of shorter continuance are by reason of their short continuance so termed called therfore fugaces or flying away as also Horarii as it were during but for a short season and such are Mulberries Cherries Peaches Abricocks c. The others againe are called of a longer continuance such as are divers sorts of Apples and som sorts of Peares All sorts of fruits minister but small nourishment to the body and most fruits yeeld but bad especially those of shorter continuance The cruditie is corrected by preparation whether by boiling rosting or preserving And some for this purpose use a draught of wine after them of the which something hereafter But here is a question moved by a learned late writer whether it be good to eate bread with those short continuing fruits or no He answereth that if they bee used as Physicke they are then to bee used without bread or any other food but if used for food then bread is to be eaten with them Amongst all these fruits we will first beginne with the Strawberry although no fruit of any tree yet because of the affinity resemblance of it to the fruit of some trees and shrubs I follow other mens method The antient Greekes it seemeth were ignorant of this plant although Plinie mentioneth it howbeit deceived in the description thereof while hee ascribeth unto it five leaves which is the right Pentaphyllum or our ordinary Cingfoile The Strawberrie cooleth moistneth and qualifieth hot distempers and therefore good in Fevers all maner of inward inflammations hot and cholerick constitutions They are of themselves no enemy to the stomacke unlesse it be very moist and phlegmaticke Their stilled water is very usefull for all internall heates and to cleanse the kidnies and urinary passages In hot stomacks and like constitutions of body they may safely be used with rosewater or the like Some use them with creame whereof I advise weake cold and phlegmaticke persons beware And yet this is a dish wherein our Gentle-women doe much delight howsoever not so agreeable to their constitution of body Some use them againe with a little claret wine and sugar which in such constitutions is to be preferred before the former The Strawberry is also accounted cordiall for the which cause it may well be used in
overthroweth the appetite howbeit the leane of fat meat is better than that which is altogether leane but the meane betwixt both is the best There is againe some difference in regard of the preparation for rosted flesh and fried is harder of digestion yet nourisheth better and is drier than that which is boiled And this is still to bee understood of one and the same kind as rosted mutton is drier than boiled mutton c. Baked in an oven smothered and suffocated within picrust is esteemed for health the worst of all others Salted meat and afterwards hung up in the smoake is farre worse than fresh meat and ingendreth melancholy and is very hard of digestion howbeit a good shooing horne for a cup of good liquor although beefe and porke a little powdered are good and wholesome food for good stomacks and wholesomer than altogether fresh And the moister the flesh is the more dayes may it endure to be thus corned or powdered and it is properly for daies or a weeke or two at most not for moneths or yeeres to bee salted I meane for ordinary use and wholesomest diet But now we will proceed to the severall sorts of flesh and will first begin with Hogges flesh for the likenesse and resemblance it hath to mans flesh and for the high commendations the antient Physitians gave of this flesh Hogges flesh of a middle age neither too fat nor too leane a little salted hath alwaies beene accounted one of the best nourishers amongst all other forts of flesh By reason of the superfluous moisture it is better rosted than boiled It is best for strong stomackes and such as use exercise but not so fit for students and such as lead a sendentary life and aged people Bores flesh of a middle age reasonable fat and killed in a convenient season to a good stomacke is no evill food especially accompanied with a cup of muscadine as is the common custome But in my opinion it were farre better to use it when there were fewer other dishes on the table than as is the ordinary custome to use it at the beginning of great feasts A pigge the younger it bee the worse it is for health and ingendreth more glutinous and and phlegmaticke humors and by consequent is a great furtherer of obstructions and is not to bee eaten unlesse it be of some indifferent age and is the best way of dressing according to the common custome to rost it and make a sauce with sage and currants and if the skin were not eaten it would be far easier to digest by a weake stomacke although I am not ignorant that this is ordinarily of highest esteeme Pigges in regard of their moisture are best for dry and chelericke bodies And for the same reason it is not so good a dish for phlegmaticke people moist bodies and old age Next we are to speake of beefe which hath been by Galen branded with an aspersion of an evill meat and ingendring grosse and melancholicke humors and so hath raised an evill report upon this noble dish so usefull for every man This flesh as divers others differeth according to age Beefe that is young indifferent fat and a little corned either of an oxe or Cow is very good and wholesome meate for any indifferent good stomacke a savory nourishment and with the which the stomacke will long agree without any loathing It is best that exceedeth not two yeeres or three at most Old Beefe especially long salted is both harder of digestion and ingendreth grosse melancholike humors being no wise fit for choice weake stomackes students and such as lead sendentary lives And therefore that which is called Steere or Heyfer-beefe is the best Besides this is yet to be observed that the younger the beefe be the better it may bee rosted and the older better to bee boiled Very old tough leane beefe is only for strong labouring people that in a manner can turne Iron into nourishment especially Bull-beefe which is the worst of all others Veale being indifferent fat and of a reasonable age above a moneth at least is a meat of very good nourishment and yeeldeth not to kid it selfe how highly soever commended The best way of preparation is to rost it howsoever it be also often boiled especially with bacon which to a good stomacke may not be hurtfull howbeit a weak one may therewith be offended Veale is especially good for those who are not of a very moist and phlegmaticke constitution of body that which is very young especially within the moneth is in no case to bee used if wee either regarded health or policy and the good of the common-wealth Otherwise Veale such as we have described it is a very good wholesome nourishment and is of easy digestion not being burdensome to the stomacke at all And as for excellent good Beefe and Veale there is no countrie in the world that can parallel farre lesse exceed our beeves and veale here in England whatsoever some talke of Hungary and Poland Goats flesh yeeldeth no good nourishment to the body but rather a tough and melancholike for the which cause they are not with us in use Their young ones called kids are notwithstanding every where in very great request and yeeld to the body a very good and wholesome nourishment and nothing so moist and excrementitious as Lamb. The Arabian Physitians did so highly esteeme this flesh that they would have it farre exceed any other Wee are content to give it the due commendation but yet we will not yeeld too farre to superlative comparisons They are best in the Spring and beginning of Sommer Lamb if of an indifferent age and not too yong is a good and wholesome food It may seeme strange perhaps to some of our dainty palats that I should insert this not too young it being now ordinarily accounted the best that is yongest and many great folkes think nothing of that which is common and ordinary people easily may come by And therfore the youngest sucking Lambs are by them in highest account and estimation But by their leaves they are farre deceived that so thinke For beeing so young they are very moist for the which cause they ingender crude phlegmaticke humors wherewith they pester the stomackes and bodies of such persons apt enough of themselves by reason of ease idlenesse and dainty fare to accumulate superfluous humors This flesh would not at least be eaten before it be six weeks or two moneths old if not more And therefore it were a very good policie if neither Lambs nor Calves were killed so young as most commonly they are And as such flesh is hurtfull so to the phlegmaticke constitutions especially and old people and such as are of a moist constitution of body and is best for cholericke hot bodies and in the midst of Sommer Mutton of a middle age especially of weather not above two yeeres old reasonable fat is a
a caution in all our tame fowle that it were farre better to let them feed themselves with good graine then to cramme them with dough close cubd up as is the custome It is true that thus they prove often the fatter but too much fat makes them too fulsome and nothing so wholesome The Peacocke is of a very hard solid and firme flesh and hard of digestion being of a hot and drie substance ingendring grosse and melancholicke humours and therefore need a strong stomacke After they are killed they are best to hang some daies to make them the more tender The younger pullets are tenderer and easier for the stomacke to overcome Others againe esteeme this to be of as good a nourishment as a Turkie It was esteemed a dainty dish among the antient Romans as likewise of late yeeres as witnesse our Writers And Saint Austine saith hee had made triall of it that the flesh of it would not putrifie Pigeons are hot and nourish indifferent well especially fat young plump ones being blooded under the wing and stuffed with cooling herbs and sowre Goose-berries or Grapes It is a preposterous kind of cookerie which is most commonly used to bake Pigeons with so much pepper that it is sufficient to set on fire all the stomackes of those that eat them It is belike conceived that Pigeons are of themselves exceeding cold Boiled they are coolest and moistest and fittest for hot and cholericke constitutions and Sommer-time The Stocke-dove is a kinde of wilde dove or Pigeon greater in bodie than our ordinary doves called in French Pigeon Ramier from the branches of trees whereon they sit most commonly in great companies They are esteemed indifferent good nourishment howbeit somewhat hot and drie and therefore in France they often boile them which is the best way The younger are the best The Turtle is another wilde kinde but lesse than the tame or dove-coat Pigeon and being young and fat they yeeld good nourishment In France after they are caught they keepe them commonly up a pretty while in cages feeding them with millet seed by which meanes they become exceeding fat and good to eat The Goose is of no small account among our tame fowle howbeit it yeeldeth but a grosse nourishment and nothing so good as the former harder of concoction and ingendring more excrementitious humours The young Goose called a greene-Goose is farre better easier of digestion and ingendereth better nourishment howbeit not so good as others The wilde Goose is drier than the other breedeth not so excrementitious an aliment to the bodie yet nourisheth lesse is hard of digestion ingendreth melancholie as other the like doe There is yet a certaine sort of water-fowle called by the name of Goose howbeit not properly which for this cause notwithstanding we here mention and this is that Solan-Goose breeding in a little rockie Iland in Scotland called the Bast and in one of the North-west Ilands of the same Kingdome and no where else that I could heare This fowle or Goose is called Oysan du Bas by that famous Du Bartas and indeed it is lesser than our Goose rather of the bignesse of a good bigge Ducke and yet for some resemblance called by this name This fowle is of a fishie taste like unto the taste of Herring whereon especially it feedeth It is all fat scarce any leane to be seene in the whole carkase They are found ready in their nests round about this rocke the young I meane for the old ones are not eaten about the later end of Iuly or beginning of August They are eaten as we eat Oysters before they sit downe to table piping hot off the spit accompanied immediatly with a cup of good claret wine If they were not eaten thus hot none were ever able to eat them for their nourishment I cannot much commend it howsoever it be there for the raritie it seemeth in no small account esteeming it in steed of physick and indeed it ordinarily loosneth the belly thus eaten and that they shall injoy their health the better a long time after The nourishment can neither be great nor very good as is the nature of other water-fowle wherof hereafter but this pre-eminence it hath above others that it slippeth quickly thorow the guts and so offendeth the lesse Among wilde fowle the Pheasant without all controversie beareth away the bell and it is no doubt a very daintie dish They nourish very well and are wholesome for any age or complexion whatsoever they are much of the nature of our tame Pullaine howbeit nourish not altogether so much yet their nourishment is very good and easie of digestion and befit such stomacks as most ordinarily use them they are esteemed the more excellent by reason of their rarity Omne rarum carum It is a dish that doth adorne great mens tables if ordinary people can come by them I hope I shall not need to bid them use a moderation in the use of them The yong Partridge being fat is a very good and wholesome nourishment and of easie digestion wherefore it is good for dainty stomacks for weake and valetudinary people for it strengtheneth nature much the elder are drier and harder of digestion and therfore in bounty yeeld to the former Some notwithstanding in winter esteeme the elder better than the younger I meane if both were to be had It is true indeed that in Winter the stomacke by reason of the redoubling of naturall heat is farre better able to deale with them and digest them They are then to be hung up for two or three daies which is also in other wild fowle to be observed It is to be observed that generally all wilde fowle is drier than the tame and yeeldeth lesse nourishment yet most of them are easily digested Againe in some countries this drinesse is well corrected by preparation as in France where they lard them the which cookrie as I cannot but commend in wilde fowle providing the lard be good and sweet so I think it very superfluous and needlesse if not worse to our ordinary tame fowle as fat Capons and Geese yet are they there ordinarily in use Among wilde fowle the Quaile is one of the moistest and is fattest in Harvest and nourisheth much but is easily putrified in the stomack They need no addition of lard or butter but are rather to be baked with spices being much used they ingender Fevers Convulsions and the falling sickenesse But I hope the seldome using of them will make amends for all Their rarity makes them in greater request but were they as common as our Capons their credit would quickly be crackt That wilde fowle called in Latin Attagen and by some a Woodcock but falsely being bigger than a Perduch spotted on the backe like a Jugge but of of a browner colour and some call a Powt the flesh blacke without but white within is by some accounted of all
and vineger although it please the palat yet must it needs be of hard concoction and ingender melancholie and bad humors being especially mingled with so many severall sorts of food The young Sturgeon is farre better and of easier concoction than the old but if thou be wise eate as little of the fat of either as thou can The belly of the Sturgeon is accounted the best The Conger or as some for the resemblance call it the Conger-Eele is by some had in no small esteemed howbeit others againe as the French care not for it and in my judgement in this they are the wiser for whatsoever account men make of it it is of hard concoction and breedeth no good nourishment and to digest it well requireth a strong stomacke and a body free from infirmities and yet let them use this Fish but a while and they may perhaps make some worke for Physitians Turbot is a good firme fish and yeeldeth good and wholesome nourishment to a good stomacke and is called therefore by some the Sea-pheasant The Plaice is not unpleasant to the Palat and howsoever by some esteemed a dainty Fish yet is it in very truth very waterish and phlegmaticke and of too soft a substance it is best when it is growne to a good thickenesse being then somewhat more firme The Flounder is much of the same nature and nourishment yet somewhat firmer The Sole is without exception a good and dainty Fish in sickenesse and in health of very easie concoction and distribution yeelding a very wholesome and good aliment to the body it is for this cause called the Sea-partridge or as others say the Sea-capon Of this there are divers sorts differing but little in nature and nourishment This is among all others of prime use for the sicke Cod-fish is by some esteemed hard of concoction and of a clammie and glutinous substance but by others againe it is esteemed quite contrary of very easie concoction and of a laudable nourishment I confesse the substance of this Fish is of a moderate firmenesse and not too hard and therefore fresh Cod a little salted is an indifferent good nourishment When they are salted and dried they are far harder to be concocted and nourish farre lesse Of these kinds Haberdene and Ling are accounted the best and daintiest as againe Stock-fish the worst concerning which it was not ill said profecto non magis nutrit quam lapis It yeelds no more nourishment than a stone And therefore wee will leave it with biscuit bread to sailers strong stomackes when they are unfurnished of better food The Haddocke hath some affinity in nature and nourishment with the Cod-fish howbeit easier to be concocted and not altogether of so firme a substance The Whiting is easily concocted nourisheth but little yet yeeldeth that which is good and well suteth with a weake and choice stomacke The Smelt is a very dainty fish of a very good nourishment and free from any exception either in sicknesse or in health and is pleasing to the palat The Gournards red and gray are of a firme and solid substance and yeeldâ— indifferent good nourishment and not so phlegmaticke as many others doe The Hallibut called Vmbra marina is of a firme white substance and in great request among great ones as is the Sturgeon and thought to be nothing inferior to it and is a good wholesome fish to an indifferent good stomacke although some thinke it is very easily cococted It is somewhat a bigge fish and hath beene in great account in Italie The Mackrell is sweet and pleasant to the palat of a reasonable firme substance and yeeldeth indifferent good nourishment The Mullet living neare a stony or gravelly shore although it be of a firme and solid substance is easily concocted and yeeldeth indifferent good nourishment The fish called Scat Thornebacke and all the kinds that have any affinity or neate resemblance to this Fish are all utterly condemned as breeding very bad grosse and putrid humors in the body and withall is very hard and uneasy to be concocted and therefore utterly to be abandoned of all such as would live in health especially such as are of a moist and phlegmaticke constitution of body The Cuttle-fish is for strong labouring stomackes mariners especially being of very hard concoction and ingender grosse and bad humors The Wolfe-fish although it be indifferent easie of concoction yet is it a very moist waterie and phlegmaticke fish ingendring no good humors at all The great fishes of Vast bulke and body as all sorts of Whales Porpuises and many other such afford the body no good nourishment are very hard of concoction and are onely for strong stomackes and time of necessity where there is want of better food Hering is a reasonable sweet pleasant fish and moderately eaten is of indifferent good nourishment Of these Herings there are many sorts some better and some worse The best are sweet and pleasant in taste firme in substance and indifferent fat and such being a little corned with salt eate very pleasantly and are no bad food for an indifferent stomack and easily digested Pilchaards and Sprats participate of the same nature howbeit they are a little sweeter in taste and eaten in too great abundance will easily cloy the stomacke and so a dangerous surfet may ensue But these and Herings use to bee salted up and sent from one countrie to another And some are salted and afterward hung up and dried and then wee call them Red-hering and Dry-sprats But all salt-fish both nourish little and ingender bad humors in the body and are hard of concoction And these being dried are enemies to dry melancholicke and cholericke bodied but very good to make a cup of good drinke rellish well There is yet another sort of small fish of this same nature called commonly Anchoves being never used but pickled up and afterwards used as a sallet before meat I can give them no greater commendation than their fellowes went before them as being both of one and the same facultie and may well bee called the drunkards delight They cut tough phlegme in a phlegmaticke stomacke and provoke appetite Rochet is accounted a good wholesome fish in sickenesse and in health yeelding indifferent good nourishment and not offensive to the stomacke Besides these there are yet a great number of other good and wholesome fishes which this great vast Ocean produceth for the use of mankind these already named being but some of the principall in greatest request and best knowne And as for others not named their nature and nourishment may by that which hath beene said of the former easily be found out and no other but have some affinity with some of these already named But there remaine yet an infinite number of Shell-fish whereof we must say something before we come to the
themselves with such a multtiude of cloths who keep themselves so warme in their younger yeeres that they become farre infirmer afterwards when they come to age and apter to receive harme by the least blast of cold wind There is a great difference to bee had both in our clothing and diet according to the severall seasons of the yeere The apparell in Sommer and warme weather ought to be thinner than in Winter and among these the hotter constitutions ought to goe thinlier clothed than others And as on their body so on their bed the clothes ought to be thinner But few if any observe the difference to bee observed of the beds they lye on it being for an uncontrolled custome received both for young and old hot and cold complexions to lye both Sommer and Winter on the softest feather-beds they can And yet for hot constitutions especially the younger sorts and such as have hot livers and kidnies and molested with the stone in the kidnies especially in the Summer time this custome cannot but be hurtfull And as for this covering of the head as it is indifferently used alike in Sommer and Winter of young and old and all complexions whatsoever I hold it a very pernicious custome especially in the younger sort and very prejudiciall to their health It is a great fault in many parents that they are too carefull in the nice and choice tender educating of their infants who in their tender yeeres might be easily accustomed to goe thinner in their apparell and custome would afterwards make this easy And this wee may see apparently in many of our Gentle-women who both young and old both Sommer and Winter go with naked breasts wrests and necks and yet never complaine in this verifying the old proverb to be true Pride is never painfull And yet those parts are according to Physitians prescriptions most carefully to be kept warme And yet all this notwithstanding as also all our best Divines preaching to the contrary and oppugning this pride by their pens we see how carefull many are to accustome and inure their children with this kind of pride whenas for the most part alas more is the pitty there is but small regard had of their vertuous education in the feare of God But I leave this Puritanisme Another point in the clothes and covering of the sicke to be considered is the quality that they be cleane and sweet Hippocrates would have the Physitian to bee neatly and decently apparelled and perfumed with sweet odours that by this meanes he might bee the more acceptable and pleasing to his patients How much more then ought the sicke himselfe to be neat and cleane in his apparell And it is no small contentment to the sicke when hee seeth himselfe neat and cleanely in his clothing Againe it much discourageth and dejecteth the sicke when he is suffered to lye stinking like a hogge in the mire in dirty and foule clothes And Galen advertiseth us that young children who after much crying could neither by the teat by rocking nor singing be quieted by changing of their foule and stinking clothes and exchanging them with cleaner were presently stilled But me thinkes I heare some of our wise women at least in their owne conceits with open mouth cry out against me by reason I wish the sicke should be often shifted objecting in the first place that by this meanes the sicke may catch cold and next that it weakneth the sicke to bee thus shifted To the first I answere it is but a foolish feare the vulgar often fearing where there is no cause but howsoever if it be in cold weather it may by meanes of the fire easily be prevented and if in warme weather their feare is frivolous As for the other feare which I have heard some women object of weakening the sicke it is very absurd and as frivolous as the former And so farre is it from weakening the sicke that on the contrary it is rather a meanes to further and increase strength And to make this more plainely appeare we are to take notice that in the body of man there are three severall concoctions the first in the stomacke or maw called chylification having for excrement the fecall ordure or ordinary egestions The second in the liver veines called sanguification and hath for excrement the urine The third is called nutrition and is performed in the whole body and hath for excrements certaine fuliginous vapors which by insensible transpiration breath out by the pores of the body and the sweat which is apparent to the eye Now in time of sickenesse especially in all sorts of Fevers these excrements doe most abound and make foule the linnen they lye in and that they weare next their skinne for the which cause sicke folkes should have their linnen often shifted especially when they sweat much Besides if they bee not shifted this danger yet insueth that if the sweat continue about the body it will bee drawne in againe by the same way it went forth and then judge whether thou likest that better or sweet cleane linnen For this must be well considered that the arteries of the body have a double motion one whereby they expell these excrements already named and the other whereby they draw in the ambient aire to refresh the blood Now whatsoever aire is next unto them be it good or bad sweet or stinking they draw it in And therefore if thou let this dung-hill lye about thee undoubtedly the arteries will draw in these noisome excrements which will suffocate naturall heat and by consequent prolong thy disease And a learned French Physitian who doth much inveigh against this nastinesse that so also it may appeare this is not mine owne private opinion to prove this truth bringeth in an instance Let any person come newly out of a heat hath where there is great store of dust newly raised he shall presently feele a pricking over his whole flesh which is nothing else but this small dust drawne in by the arteries The case then thus standing all filth and corruption ought to be cleansed from the skin and all the pores and passages thereof kept open and cleane by removing whatsoever might let or hinder the same And for this end and purpose the Romans and Greeks in antient times had so frequent use of their frictions and hot bathes Let this then be a warning to all those who attend the sicke that they have a speciall care of shifting and keeping them cleane and sweet as hath beene said already and let the contrary erroneous custome be hence forwardâ—for ever buried in the dust One thing yet remaineth concerning warming of the sickes bed whether it be to bee used I answere in weake and aged people especially and the Winter time in others also there is no doubt to bee made of altering the cold aire of the bed with a warming-pan but in young people in hot acute diseases
little cold drinke sometimes with a little faire water and a few drops of wine vineger or some such other liquor and sometimes some preserved or conserved barberries raspes ribes some lemmon sliced and sugred or the like acid things and sometimes a stewed acid prune keeping the stone in his mouth as the manner is or any other like art may be used to deceive this counterfeit thirst But when the house is now all on a fire we must needs have some liquour to quench this heat and extinguish the fire even so when this house of mans body is all on a fire wee must needs have some moisture to quench the same Now what this must be is our purpose here to discusse The most antient drinke and most common to all living creatures is water of the which as in generall usefull to all and in particular as serving for drinke in healthfull persons hath beene already spoken Now we are to speake of it as it serveth for the use of the sicke and whether it bee usefull for all or not The use of water we read to have been very frequent among the antients and especially the Guidian and Rhodian Physitians used it much and that chiefly in acute diseases whom therefore Hippocrates reproveth for not distinguishing the causes of diseases which may often alter our purpose of exhibiting water to drinke in acute diseases especially where there is a burning Fever proceeding of choler And this he there illustrateth by the example of the inflammation of the lungs where he affirmeth that neither staieth it the cough nor maketh spit up eafilier but in a cholericke constitution is altogether converted into choler and besides is hurtfull to the nether parts about the stomacke overthrowing the whole body especially if dranke fasting If there bee any inflammation of the liver or spleene it increaseth the same swimming and floting in the stomacke descending slowly being hard and not easy to bee concocted for the which cause also it looseneth not the belly provoketh not urine nor futhereth any excretion And Galen himselfe also confirmeth this same opinion adding that when as Hippocrates perceived the harmes and mischiefes proceeding from the drinking of water abstained from the use of it in all acute diseases and betooke himselfe to drinks made of hony and water of honie and vineger and sometimes to wine And with them yet agreeth a late Writer who out of divers places of both these Authors compared and parallelled together mainteineth that in acute diseases water is altogether hurtfull And of the same opinion is likewise another learned Physitian yet with this qualification that if a small quantity of water be added to a great quantity of choler it is quickly converted into choler but a great quantity of water drunke tempereth and allaieth the heat of the choler and so overcommeth it whereas a small quantity increaseth this humor being turned into the same Another antient Physitian notwithstanding controlleth this opinion of Hippocrates and affirmeth the quite contrary But to compose this controversie our Authors meaning is to be understood of water actually cold which indeed in pectorall diseases and for the breast it selfe is very hurtfull and hindereth expectoration but being once boiled it groweth thinner and more subtile and then onely fit in pectorall diseases to further expectoration And it cannot be denied that cold water is very profitable and usefull in acute diseases as may even by divers other places both of Hippocrates and Galen appeare and besides most of our antient and moderne writers with one unaminous consent approve of the same But in the use thereof wee must diligently consider both the nature of the disease and constitution of the Diseased And it is the saying of the same Hippocrates whose bellies are hard and apt to bee inflamed they are to drinke the lightest and purest water but whose bellies are soft moist and phlegmaticke such are to use hard thicke and somewhat saltish waters subsalsis is his word Now water is not in all diseases to be used after one and the same manner In burning Fevers water is to be drunke cold in pectorall diseases a little warmish Now that it was familiar in antient times to give cold water to drink in hot acute diseases I shall make it appeare Galen himselfe findeth fault with Erasistratus and his followers for denying cold water in burning Fevers And againe for the same cause reproveth Thessalus and braggeth that hee hath often cured distempered hot stomackes with drinking cold water yea even sometimes cooled with snow it selfe And againe in another place hee cureth that sort of Fever called Ephemere or Diaria that is of one day by this same meanes And in the same booke by this onely meanes hee preventeth this same disease And in another place giveth us yet warning that this is a remedy fit for any sort of Fever providing it be drunke in great abundance A late German Physitian also braggeth how many fevers hee hath by this meanes cured and I know it will seeme no strange thing to heare a Portugall relate what cures he hath by this meanes performed as in his centuries is at length to be seene Neither is it my purpose to spend time and increase the bulke of this booke by relating of such stories And it is not only commended in all ordinary acute diseases but even in maligne and pestilent Fevers also as witnesseth Celsus and is the opinion of the Arabian Physitians who all seeme to have borrowed it of Hippocrates who relateth the story of one sicke of a pestilent Fever who having drunke great store of cold water and cast it up againe recovered presently his health And besides the same Celsus in fluxes of the belly and in all defluxions proceeding of choler commendeth this as a soveraine remedy The point then being reasonably well cleared it resteth to be considered how it is to be exhibited Hippocrates in that hot countrie would have the drinke for the diseased to be exposed to the night aire that so it might receive the morning dew which might increase the coldnesse thereof but because this procureth to it some acrimony some would have other meanes tried as salt-peter snow c. Concerning the which wee have sufficiently spoken heretofore But I would not have any such extraordinary actuall frigidity by any such meanes in this case procured it being so prejudicial to heath howsoever peradventure at the first not so sensibly perceived Now in the exhibition of water to the sicke two things are to be considered the fit and convenient time when and the quantity thereof The time is either generall to wit the course of the disease or particular the exacerbation or paroxysme which we call the fit Concerning the generall time all are not of one mind for Galen and our Greeke Writers would have us wait for signes of concoction in the
in an exquisite Tertian we open a veine for eventilation not for any great evacuation Againe in regard of the cause wee are often undoubtedly to use this remedy as in the suppression of the piles in men and menstruous fluxe in women and sometimes in dysentericall and lientericall fluxes proceeding from excessive heat of the liver The use and end of phlebotomy is not alwaies one and the same for the most part indeed wee use it as a remedy against repletion and then we use it for it selfe Sometimes wee use it for an other end when as we would bring some thing to passe which without this cannot well bee effected as when in the beginning of any disease wee use this remedy for ventilation or breathing of the blood and not for any copious evacuation that thereby concoction may the better be procured putrefaction of the humors may bee inhibited and all other remedies may more commodiously be exhibited Of it selfe and for its owne worke we use this remedy in a double respect First that this double repletion of the which before consisting either in the whole body or in some part of the same may be evacuated and that the humor may bee diverted or turned backe from the part affected or for preventing of a particular repletion The humor is recalled or turned backe two waies first when as it hath a sudden influxe upon any part it being from thence againe pulled backe to the contrary part and againe if the influxe of the humor be without any force or this fulnes be partim in facto partim in sieri or partly in being and partly already bred if it be then derived to the next place Hence have we three sorts of Phlebotomy evacuans or evacuating revellens or pulling backe derivans deriving or diverting as it were turning aside That which evacuateth doth either simply evacuat from the whole body or else from some one determinate part onely if the humor be inherent without any new affluxe But if withall there bee any affluxe of humor then requireth it some derivation to be joined with evacuation Evacuation or evacuating phlebotomie wee use both in sicknesse and in health also if we perceive any plethoricall disposition or disease imminent as in the athleticall disposition especially if the strength doth not hinder Single plethory or repletion of all others is safeliest cured by this remedy the false and bastard not so safely and the more admixtion there be of all other humors the more sparing ought we to be in the use thereof Plethory or repletion proceeding from choler may safelier thus bee evacuated than of melancholy and againe of that safelier than of phlegme by reason that phlebotomy not onely evacuateth the abundance of humors but cooleth the body also The second sort of phlebotomy is that we call revulsio or revulsion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and is taken either in a large or strict sense in a large and generall sense it is taken for any aversion or turning away of the humor whether to the contrary part or that which is nearest but properly it is a retraction of the humor flowing unto any part to the contrary place Now all such may be called contrary parts as have a sufficient distance from the part affected And by contrary we understand not onely the contrary part to that which is affected but also to the contrary motion or the terme from whence the humors flow 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Artists speak observing as much as may be the rectitude and communion of the veines This is apparant in a Pleurisie where we open the Basilica of the same side which is a branch of vena 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or without a fellow Contrariety in motion wee call up and downe behind and before inward and outward the right side and left But on this I will not insist as not being usefull for us to insist upon all these particulars whereof Galen and our other Physitians discourse at great length This kind of phlebotomy is chiefely used in diseases where the affluxe of is humors is great and violent and the humors in great abundance as especially in the beginning of inflammations and is therefore to be used in the Squinancy Pleuresie Phrenesie Ophthalmy inflammation of the liver lungs and the like infirmities ingendred of blood or the eruption of hot and sharpe humors Neither is it onely of use in humors already flowing with impetuosity but by way of preservation also when they have been accustomed to fall uâ—on any part or yet when as we feare any such influxe as also in wouÌ„ds luxations fractures c having especially respect to that which wee feare will follow to wit some inflammation of the part affected Derivation is an aversion diversion or turning away of humors falling without force or violence upon the part affeâ—â—ed or of such as have already falâ—e upon it but are not yet impacted or setled upon the same to the place next adjoyning to it to the end that the part affected may be freed from the noxious humor Derivation then principally regardeth the part affected and differeth from evacuation and revulsion in that we derive or divert humors yet in the fluxe and not yet impacted into the part not by the parts remote as in revulsion neither by the the part affected as in single evacuation but by the parts adjacent and such veines must of necessitie have a communion with the part affected This kind of phlebotomie we commonly use in infirmities having their originall from long continuing defluxions and after universall evacuation from the whole body by revulsions as in great inflammations after the great affluxe of humors is staied we use it also in some infirmities where other evacuations have not prevailed and that two manner of waies one that by them that which is conteined in the veines of the parts affected may bee evacuated and that that which is collected in the part transmitting by the veines next adjoining to it may be expelled Againe in some healthfull persons it is usefull although the humors now be still and quiet yet being accustomed in times past to seize upon any weake part although without any violence Now because mention hath been made of a plethory or fulnesse we will briefely set downe some signes or markes of both the sorts Of that which we call ad vasa or according to the vessels or veines these bee the chiefe signes a fresh ruddy colour arising either from externall causes as the heat of the Sunne bathing in a hot house great labour and paines taking or from internall causes as a conspicuous tumor or swelling up of the veines together with a notable tension and largenesse of the same a pulse also very full firme quicke and very great Signes againe of fulnesse quo ad vires or according to strength be these there is a naturall or voluntary wearinesse and a lazinesse
during the dog daies AS there is a fit and convenient time for every action under heaven saith the wise man so is not time to be neglected in this so waighty a businesse of evacuation by Phlebotomy where especially the life of man lieth at the stake The time is either generall or particular By the generall time we understand the foure seasons of the yeere by the particular the day and houre befitting such a businesse Among all our Physitians it is agreed upon that the Spring is the best and most seasonable time and next to that the Autumne but the Sommer by reason of excessive heat and the Winter by reason of cold are not esteemed so seasonable Againe in the particular times the morning is answerable to the Spring the noone tide to Sommer the afternoone to Autumne and the night to Winter Now in the use of Phlebotomy we consider the time after a double manner one of election another of necessity In election when it is in our power we are to make choice of the fitest time as wel generall as particular in necessity and cases of extremitie and coaction wee must take hold of that which offereth himselfe when we stand in most need Now Phlebotomy is used for a double end either to prevent sickenesse in the whole or to cure diseases in the sicke In prevention where we may have a free election we are to make choice of the Spring as the most temperate time and a day temperate neither too hot nor too cold and in particular the morning is the best and fittest an houre or two after rising the partie to be bled being fasting and having unburdened his body of the fecall excrements and concoction being fully finished Next to the Spring is Autumne in the which if any be to bleed the same cautions are to be observed In sicknes is the case not a like where we are not alwaies allowed this freedome of election Now all diseases are either acute or chronicall as we have said already In chronicall diseases wee are as neare as we can without the patients prejudice to pitch upon the best and most convenient time but in acute diseases the case standeth farre otherwise where we are often cast upon a coacted necessity Wherefore in burnning Fevers in Plurisies in Squinancies and other like diseases if strength permit we are not to deferre this remedy delay here breeding danger but with all speed either day or night at what soever houre not regarding any preparation of the body to goe about it By protracting of time strength is often overthrowne and therefore it will be best at the beginning and if in the first or second day wee find this be wanting we are not to adventure nor yet after divers daies over-past if it be not wanting to incite it But according to the Hippocraticall oracle it is best in the beginning of the disease to undertake such a worke and when the humors are now setled it is best to rest And this is chiefely to bee understood of such diseases as are without intermission In acute diseases with exacerbation whether they admit of remission or intermission we are to make choice of this time of greatest tranquillity And therefore in Fevers with remission we are to take that time as in those that intermit we are then to use this remedy whatsoever houre it be whether day or night for then nature is most at quiet and in regard of strength they then are best able to beare it But when in any inflammatiō or any extraordinary great paine without any Fever we are to use this remedy we are not to wait for any remission but having respect to the greatnes of the cause presently to set upon it and in time of greatest extremity to use this remedy to the end there may be procured a retraction of the humor the other parts transmitting thither both blood and spirits from the part affected Phlebotomy used onely for a generall evacuation from the whole body ought to bee administred in the beginning of the disease and therefore in putrid Fevers it is best to be used at the first according to Galens testimonie Revulsion is used in diseases proceeding from distillation and is best in the beginning in the impetuous fluxe of humors but derivation after revulsion or generall evacuation the affluxe of humors now ceasing By that which hath been said already the fittest and most convenient time for phlebotomy appeareth to be that which is most seasonable and by consequent both the heat of Sommer and the cold Winter-season is here excluded But here ariseth a great scruple in the mindes of the vulgar and ignorant people who are so fearefull of phlebotomy in some seasons especially during the Dog-daies howbeit if they well weigh the premisies it will evidently appeare that in all seasons we are to yeeld to necessitie But the vulgar seeme to have some reason on their side at least the authority of Hippocrates who hath left this upon record and the antients did carefully observe this rule and that as seemeth not without reason I answere it is true indeed we have it recorded by antiquity that during that time it is not so safe to adventure upon phlebotomy or purging and that by reason of the excessive heat of the Sunne in that season And indeed in hot countries this season is often very tedious to the body of man by reason of the dissolution of the spirits and by consequence debilitating the whole body yea during that season the sea it selfe suffering some alteration is more troubled and wines in the cellars during that season doe often shew themselves therewith affected by a new ebullition as it were boiling a fresh And therefore good reason had these antient fathers of Physicke to wish men during these excessive heats to refraine from the use of any great evacuation But let us see whether there be any specificall maligne influence descending upon the body phlebotomised during that season The vulgar yea and some of a more refined understanding are carried away with I know not what superstitious feare of this season be it hot or cold that be they or their friends in greatest extremity of danger by reason of sickenesse in the same yet shall one hardly many times perswade them to the use of any remedy And in this women as they are commonly most pragmaticall and readiest to controll the Physitians prescriptions shew themselves most crosse and opposite In the first place then true it is that this season proveth often the hottest time of the yeere the Sun then entring into the signe of Leo as they call it and the dog-starre then arising upon our horizon the heat is most commonly then increased But that any specificall malignity more than is procured by heat which is a generall cause and an active qualitie is conveied from this or any other starre
of many sorts Againe in purgation we are to consider that which purgeth Nature it selfe or the expelling faculty purgeth yet not simply in it selfe but seconded and set forward by the power and efficacie of the purging medicine and exciting the expulsive faculty to purge away the superfluous humor either upwards by vomit or downwards by dejection Such purging medicines are of two sorts either such as by a manifest quality evacuat any obvious humor and such are ordinary loosening herbes as betes mallowes spinage coleworts and infinite others Againe there is another sort of purging medicines properly so called and by a proper name cathartica and make peculiar choice of one or more certaine peculiar humors called therefore electiva purgantia Now in purgations wee are to consider three things the first doth concerne the medicaments wherewith we purge The second the manner or method how to use them The third the accidents following upon purgation or such things as are to be done after the taking of a purgation Purging medicines as wee have said already are of two sorts either purging by manifest qualities heat and cold without any distinction any or all humors or else one or more particular humors or from some particular part Now although purging medicines by reason of heat attract unto them peccant and noxious humors yet that the attraction is of this or that particular humor proceedeth from a specifical quality or from the whole substance And yet such medicines as together with this specificall propertie partake of a greater heat doe more forcibly and effectually attract the appropriated humor Each purging medicine most commonly evacuateth one particular humor sometimes two seldome three and never all unlesse either the medicine be so violent or nature so weake that it is not able to master them and then it oftentimes worketh so violently that at length it bringeth blood and this the Greekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or over purging very familiar to Empiricks women-physitians and such as have not been initiated in the schooles and so trained up in the practise of this profession In these purging medicines then foure things are to bee considered First what humor they are properly to purge whether choler phlegme water or melancholy Secondly by what wayes they evacuate for some purge upwards by vomit and some downe-wards by dejection Thirdly from what parts principally for some purge from the nether belly some from the liver some from the head c. Fourthly after what manner for some purge gently and mildly some againe more forcibly and violently and some keep a meane betwixt both Manna Cassia sirup of Roses purge gently Rhubarb Sene and the like keepe a meane Scammonie Colocynthis strongly It were easie for me here to make an enumeration of variety of purging medicines appropriated to severall humors And although these medicines both weake and stronger draw some from the more remote parts some from the neerer yet have some of them a neerer relation to one and some to another part as Colocynthis and Agaricke most effectually from the head Rhubarb from the liver Aloc from the stomacke c. These milde and gentle medicines by reason of their milde and easie evacuation are rather referred to preparations than purges these other being of a farre more forcible power to attract and draw humors from the remote regions of the body Notwithstanding the judicious Physitian can easily quicken them according to occasions with an addition of a small quantity of the stronger as likewise with some of the milder medicines blunt the edge of these stronger and more violent purgations Of these simple purging medicines divers compounded are made and that in severall formes which are either taken inwardly by the mouth or injected and put up into the fundament or else outwardly applied by way of cataplasme ointment c. Such as are assumed at the mouth are taken either to worke upwards by vomit or downewards by stoole and are according to their formes divided into three severall sorts some liquid as potions made after divers manners some againe solid as pills solid electuaries or confections some of a soster and as it were of a middle substance betwixt both as our ordinary electuaries In the fundament wee use to make injections by glisters and put up suppositories in constipation of the belly and divers other cases But in some cases when the patient is uncapable of any of these or at least refuseth them then are wee sometimes forced to supply this defect by outward ointments cataplasmes epithemes c. and sometimes by masses lumps made of strong purges holden in the hand until they grow warme and smelled to at the nose Of these purgations againe which purge by election or by choice some are called perfect and full which purge away the whole cause of the disease at once another againe imperfect which doth not all at once evacuate the whole matter of the disease Vnder this last is cōprehended first that which we commonly call a minora◠purgation whereby wee lessen a little the matter and humour causing the disease which most commonly is used in the beginning of diseases and againe that evacuation performed by degrees which wee call pe◠〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whereby we gently and by degrees purge away the vitious humour and in stead thereof supply the sicke with good and laudable humours which by meanes of good and wholesome diet is effected Now the next thing we propounded to consider in purgation was the manner how to use these purging medicines or the method of purgation which we may reduce to these five heads 1 whether and to what persons wee may safely administer purging medicines 2 what manner of humors wee are to purge 3 how much how often we are to purge and how farre to proceed 4 the convenient and fit time for purging 5 by what waies or parts or passages wee are to purge And this is the summe of that wee have to say concerning purgation and purging medicines and therefore of these in order CHAP. XI Whether wee ought to purge or no what persons are to be purged and able to indure purgations whether women with childe may safely be purged THat evacuation by purging medicine is to be used in cacochymicall bodies abounding in bad humours hath beene said already But whether bodies living in health may be purged or no may not without cause be questioned for purgations not finding bad humours in the body trouble the good make a colliquation of good flesh and withall induce divers evill accidents I answer this holdeth true of such strong purgations as were used in the time of Hippocrates and Galen but in our milde and gentle purging medicines there is no such cause of feare they being rather in stead of a preparation than of any strong purgation for the which cause being my selfe administred they may safely be used of
be said concerning the governing of such as take physick In some I confesse we observe not alwaies so strict and precise a proceeding as in some persons who either by way of prevention or otherwise for some inveterate chronicall infirmity being notwithstanding well able to walke up and downe and dispatch their ordinary and usefull affaires doe use some diet drinke or other gentle medicines for divers daies yet without keeping close within their chamber called therefore sine custodia Now we proceed to the signes of a laudable purgation That the purge hath plaid its part wee discerne by these signes when the excrements shew some alteration in colour if the party finde alleviation the appetite returne and the accidents be eased and sometimes if there be a propensenesse to sleepe and if drouth appeare provided it proceed not from some hot rheume from the heat of the purging medicine or of the stomacke it selfe or some cholericke humour or that there were no complaint of it before the medicine taken for oftentime a great drouth is well qualified and quieted by purgation the hot cause being then removed In other cases faith Hippocrates such as being purged have no feeling of drouth let them purge untill they be sensible of it Neither yet is sleepe simply to be understood but when as by sleepe and hot humours great watching preceding the cause now removed sleepe ensueth provided alwaies it proceed not from debility of the body But that purgation wee account not laudable which mooveth and stirreth the humours but expelleth them not or that expelleth them yet not as it ought nor the fit humour to be expelled but with great paine with evill accidents and the good and bad both together The cause of these proceedeth either from the party purged in regard of some fault in the debilitie of the facultie or want of preparation in the humours or by reason of obstructions it may also come to passe by meanes of the medicine as being either too strong of a maligne quality weake or not well corrected It proceedeth also sometimes by reason of some errour in diet As I remember a young Gentlewoman my patient some yeeres agoe having taken a purge by my prescription within an houre or two after filled her belly with baked peares which hindered the operation of the physicke although strong enough and not without danger to her selfe If it should happen as sometimes it may that physicke should not work a gentle Glister or perhaps a quicke Suppository will draw it downe If too violently a temperate aire warme clothes applied to the belly astringent diet and rest without motion will helpe it If not a little burnt claret wine or some good Venice treacle will helpe it If gripings proceeding from some tough phlegme which cannot passe thorow the orifices of the small veines doe gnaw thy belly some warme clothes applied to the belly will dissolve the humour and discusse any flatuous matter And this â—hen shall suffice to have spoken concerning this generall evacuation we proceed now to the last generall evacuation which is sweat CHAP. XVI Of sweating and meanes to provoke the same divers sorts of Hydrotickes or medicines provoking sweat both externall and internall Something concerning teares their causes and prognosticke OF two generall evacuations phlebotomy and purgation wee have said sufficiently already resteth yet a third which by reason it evacuateth in the like manner from the whole body is therefore also ranked among generall and universall evacuations It hath been said already there are three concoctions performed in the body of man the first in the stomacke and guts having for excrement the ordure which is expelled by the fundament the second in the liver and veines having for excrement the urine the third in the capillary veines in the habite of the bodie having for excrements the sweat and fuliginous evaporations expelled by the pores of the body This last is the subtilest part of this matter by a milde and gentle heat resolved into vapours so and insensibly expelled the other of a grosser substance expelled in the forme of moisture and this wee commonly call sweat And it is defined an excretion of thinne serous or watry humours by the whole habite or outward parts of the body But Fernel would have all sweat to proceed from the inward parts super abounding in moisture whom notwithstanding all our best Physitians doe contradict Sweat is usefull both in sicknesse and in health and is both naturall and artificiall Artificiall sweat is often procured by exercises in healthfull persons and sometimes by bathes and other meanes My purpose and intention is here chiefely to speake of sweat in the sick together with the utility thereof and many meanes to procure the same as also divers generall directions and rules concerning the use of these meanes both in sicknesse and in health Sweat is used either in acute or chronicall diseases In chronicall diseases exercise may sometimes further them which in acute diseases most commonly cannot be effected In acute diseases sweat is either naturall or artificiall and againe naturall besides the ordinary course is sometimes criticall and sometimes againe symptomaticall Criticall as when on a criticall day accompanied with other good and laudable signes the strength especially holding out and alleviation after insuing Symptomaticall is when failing either in quantity in quality or in the timely and orderly excretion it is deficient accompanied with some other ill accidents and without alleviation of the patient often also accompanied with the overthrow of the vigor or strength and thus we often by experience find when the sicke sweateth but in some one or other part of the body as about the head and upper parts only or when the sweat is of an evill smell and often also cold and clammie and sometimes also comming in too great abundance nature now being so much overthrowne that it is not any more able to conteine this humidity within the body which we then call sudorem diaphoreticum Now all these kindes of sweats doe many times prove dangerous if not deadly especially accompanied with other dangerous presaging signes as Hippocrates in many places of his prognostickes and other places of his workes and after him Galen doe fully testifie But it commeth often also to passe that nature is defective in expelling this humiditie which may proceed from divers causes and is then by the Phsiytian to be helped forward by administring such meanes as may answer the patients expectation Now this is by divers meanes effected sometimes as was said by exercise in cases where it may safely be admitted and sometimes by other meanes as by covering with many clothes hydroticke or sweating medicines diet drinkes and the like inward medicines and sometime by outward meanes also as by perfumes ointments baths drie and moist application of bottles to the soles of the feet hot brickes and
water-lilly leaves violet leaves and flowers and some poppy-heads being very forcible to provoke sleepe by reason of the great sympathy betwixt those two howbeit farre distant and remote parts But in this as in all the rest if it be possible bee advised by thy learned counsell But now we come to speake of the division and diversity of bathes and being of so great use in the body of man it shall not bee out of purpose to insist a little the longer upon this subject All baths then are either naturall or artificiall Of the artificiall first as being most obvious and easy to come by we will speake in the first place In the first place then for the matter of these bathes it is various and divers as water wine milke and oile and sometimes sand but the most common and frequent matter is water sometimes warme sometimes cold and sometimes of a meane temper betwixt both In the body of man these bathes have a triple use or benefit some evacuat and cleanse some qualifie and temper the humors of the body and some supply and fill up that which is decaied Now that they doe euacuat by sweat if one should deny daily experience will evince and Galen himselfe witnesseth unto us but to fill up and supply any thing that is wanting will perhaps finde lesse credit with ordinary understandings which notwithstanding the same author yet in another place witnesseth In the sicke wee commonly use them of warme-water intending or remitting this quality of heat as occasion requireth adding thereunto divers simples according to the nature of the disease and constitutions of the body to be bathed Now a temperate warme bath helpeth forward natures worke in such as have need of moderate humectation and heat and by reseration of the pores of the body refresheth and cooleth and by extraction of fuligionous excrements freeth from internall heat A hot bath helpeth contractions proceeding from cold provoketh sweat exhausteth and draineth the body dry of superfluous moisture This bathing in warme-water acccording to a late Writer is good to bee used in divers infirmities as in a Diarie or owne dayes Fever and in a hecticke fever also sole and of it selfe before it turne to a marasme and not as yet joined to any putrid fever as also for such as have their moisture exhausted with watchings cares dry Diet or medicines of that nature And not in these onely but also in dry distempers and in decrepid old age In Fevers proceeding from putrefaction it is not to be used but after signes of concoction unlesse in a perfect Tertian the drinesse of the humours urge the use of it It is also in use in Quartans proceeding from choler adust In Rheumaticke distillations inflammation of the lungs pleurisie after signes of concoction and in headach proceeding from humours or vapours arising from the nether parts it is of good use as also for the falling off of the haire for Lethargies Phrensies Epilepsie not proceeding from the stomacke or head but from some other part of the body It is also good against melancholy proceeding from sharpe humors paines of the eyes bleere-eyes fluxes of the belly helpeth defects of the voice inveterate infirmities of the spleene and indurations thereof the cholicke proceeding of choler especially in the younger sort But proceeding of a cold cause and grosse humours it qualifieth indeed but cureth it not And it is good against the gout proceeding of choler as also against all extenuation of the body But on the contrary is hurtfull to plethoricall and cachochymicall bodies to Hecticks proceeding from an Erisipelas commonly called S. Anthonies fire and Headaches proceeding from a flatuous matter and it is hurtfull for the inward parts overtaken with inflammation in all diseases of the ioints excepting the above mentioned and for all manner of effusion of blood whether at the nose or any other part of the body And it is yet hurtfull for all such as are inclined to casting loathing of the stomacke weaknesse of body such as are subject to bitter belchings and such as abound with humors howbeit otherwise good especially if any feare of a fluxe of blood That bath which is hotter than the former in provoking sweat is more effectuall but withall doth not communicate that humectation to the body as the former Now there was also an use of bathing in cold water succeeding the former which was not immediatly to be used after the temperate but from this into a tepid or a little warmish and then into cold water But to some bodies this kind of bathing bringeth some prejudice as among healthfull people to such as are yet growing and to children especially as also to women and antient people to small and weake persons It is also hurtfull for the brest procureth hoarsenesse and the cough offendeth the heart the stomacke especially if already weake and feeble And as for the diseased it is principally hurtfull to weake kidnies procureth paine in the guts especially that called Tenesmus and stayeth womens fluxes and it is hurtfull also for humid and cold diseases as likewise for the Fevers Hectick that especially already turned into a marasme The antients used often to enter into another roome where they sweat by meanes of the aire warmed the which they called Laconicum answerable unto which in neerest resemblance are our hot houses or stoves as they are in frequent use in all Germanie although the particular manner of heating this aire differeth much these drie stoves being warmed by the heat of the fire onely but this Laconicum was a moister vapour This vapour then or hot aire the antients used was twofold either dry in respect of the other procured by heat of flints or the like water being cast upon them and the sicke set in the tub and covered with clothes made to sweat or else this was a moister aire procured by a vapour derived from a vessell full of liquour with answerable ingredients and conveied betwixt the two bottomes of a bathing tub the uppermost full of holes where the sicke being set and covered with clothes was to sweat as need required and this with us is also in frequent use Wee use often also particular moist bathes called insessus and semicapium being a bathing tub filled with warme water or other matter with appropriate herbs wherein the patient sits up to the middle or more being prepared for divers uses and ends And these are chiefely usefull for hot and dry bodies The other dry sweatings are fit only for moist cold constitutions abounding with grosse humours and for fat and corpulent people having alwaies a watchfull eye to the strength of the patient But such are altogether contrary to cold and dry and yet more to hot and drie constitutions Now as concerning the time of these bathings and sweatings both generall and particular wee are to consider whether they are used for any necessity in
waters there be divers sorts as said is every country being furnished with some one kind or other France and Italy abound most in hot baths desuming their force and efficacy most from Sulphur or Brimston wherewith is sometimes conjoined some salt or salt peter Our English baths in Sommerset shire take their vertue and efficacie from this sulphureous substance In Germanie baths of all sorts are in great abundance and as the country abounds in divers mineralls and metalls so doe these waters participate of severall and divers qualities and vertues as those of Baden in Switzerland participate of Brimstone principally and some little quantity of Alum those of Baden the Marquisat besides the premisses participate also somewhat of salt and salt-peter Againe in the confines of Lorreine there are hot baths called Plumbarenses participating of the nature of Lead Brimstone and Salt-peter In the Dutchie of Wirtenberg there is the wild bath called Silvestres or Ferinae participating of the nature of brimstone salt and alum and as some say of copper and salt-peter also And besides these a great number of many others also not differing from the former in operation some of them as they say participating also of the nature of gold which I hardly beleeve it being of so solid and well compacted a substance that hardly doth it communicate any vertue to waters that runne thorow such mines no more than silver also being likest unto it for solidity of substance As concerning our owne baths with us here in great use for a multitude of infirmities and which doe most concerne us because a learned Physitian hath lately explained their vertues and use as being best with them acquainted I shall not need to say any thing the vertues of others of the same nature and kinde in other countries being much also of the same vertue and efficacy But because peregrination and travell partly for profit and partly for pleasure and other ends is now much in this our age improved and by reason it concerneth not a little the health of such as are to live or travell in remote and forren countries to know the nature and vertues of such minerall waters as are found in these countries I will therefore say a little concerning some of them Among all those such as are of an acid or sowre taste and much abounding in many places of high Germany beare away the bell And these waters doe commonly participate of the nature of vitriol or copperas of alum and yron with the admixture often of other mineralls or metalls as sulphur salt c. There sowre waters sometimes somewhat differ in taste one from another and sometimes little or no difference at all in their taste can be observed Their chiefe vertues in the body of man are these following In the first place they are very soveraine good against all manner of obstructions of the liver splene kidnies and meseraicall veines and for this cause conduce not a little for the infirmities of those parts being very good against exorbitant casting which by their astringent facultie they cure and they helpe also the Iaundise the Dropsie in the beginning cleanse the kidnies bladder and other urinary passages purging away gravell or any other matter lying in these passages They are also good against the itch scab and any other defedations of the skinne all foule ulcers and gangrenes But Nihil est ex omni parte beatum So are not these acid and sowre waters able to helpe all infirmities and in particular they are great enemies to infirmities of the lungs especially where there is any ulcer wasting or inflammation They are hurtfull also for the bloodie fluxe with exulceration of the guts and any other internall ulcer or excoriation and that in regard of their acidity or sharpnesse And for the dimnesse of the eyes they have beene tried to be soveraine good and that they have a singular and forcible faculty in provoking urine I had the triall in mine owne body this sowre water being ordinarily brought from a place distant from Ments in stone bottles to Franckfort mart These waters are cold and therefore are commonly drunke in hot moneths May Iune Iuly August September in a morning fasting an houre or two after Sunne rising as is the use in others and then againe at night after dinner is digested The continuance or time of duration of drinking this water is according as necessity shall require and cannot certainly be determined as in some 10 or 12 daies a fortnight or three weekes No more can the measure or certaine quantity be gaged some contenting themselves with halfe a pint and some againe will drinke double some 4 or 5. And the more freely they passe thorow the body by urin or otherwise the bolder in the use of them may we be How the body before the use of these waters is to be prepared the Physitian shall in time of need give notice and according to all severall circumstancess give particular directions It is to be observed that these minerall waters by carrying from one place to another lose alwaies something of their former force and efficacie how close soever they be stopt up and so become lesse powerfull It is further diligently to be observed in the use of all minerall waters that are to be drunke that when as they are drunke twice a day the partie using them must be carefull that dinner be well digested before they be drunke in the afternoone and for this purpose dinner must either be very sparing or else a long distance betwixt dinner and the drinking of them or else it were better to drinke it but once in a morning and so double the time of continuing this drinke as for a fortnight a whole moneth Moreover if the case should so require that the party should need both to drinke of this water and bathe in it it would be most expedient to doe them severall as first for certaine daies to drinke them and afterwards for as long to bathe in them But because wee in this Iland are so farre remote from these acid and other fountains that ordinarily we cannot have recourse unto them therefore I shall not need to particularise many of them of one only being so much freequented by many of the gentrie as being neerer unto us than the rest I will say a little the so much renowned Well of Spa I meane This Spa then is in the Bishoprick of Liege a part of the 17 Provinces and is much resorted unto yeere by many Knights and Gentlemen and sometimes by Ladies and Gentlewomen also and that for recovering of their health in divers chronicall infirmities howbeit it is well knowne that under this colour some have other projects in their pates This water particapateth principally of the nature of yron which in the taste it doth somewhat represent and it participateth also somewhat of a sulphureous faculty and a little
dull and sluggish operation of other milder medicines By that which hath been said then let the ingenuous and judicious Reader judge of the ordinary use or rather abuse of this so noble a medicine We see how nice and shy many people are of the use of good and wholesome Physicke prescribed by the most industrious and skilfull Artist still pleading that in all physicke there is some poison and yet may we see and observe the same persons all the houres of the day smoaking this poison sole and of it selfe without any correction morning evening and mid-day fasting and feasting before meales and after before and after sleep at home and abroad in Winter and Sommer and in all seasons whatsoever and that for the most part without any respect either of age sex or any other circumstance whatsoever The dry and melancholicke person is often as forward in the use of it as the moist and cold the leane as well as the far If it be good for cold foggy moist constitutions then must it needs be hurtfull for the contrary If it be good to procure sleepe in watchfull bodies then let the drowsie sleepie sluggard refraine the use of it Opium prepared in the most artificiall and exquisite manner although there bee scarce the proportion of one graine to twice or thrice as great a quantity of the best extracted cordialls yet is it had in detestation and such a suspition had of it that it is often condemned before any good evidence given in against it And yet dare I be bold to say that some of those ordinary Tabacconists take in one day the very quintessence and strength of a many graines that I say no further of this benumming intoxicating Tabacco And whereas the other is used but seldome by good advice well prepared and corrected and that in case of necessity too this on the contrary is of all indifferently used and without any preparation although many times if they knew all the truth there is some poyson added to the former of an unlimited quantity as every ones unbridled affection and unlimited lust leadeth him But it will be objected that people find hereby some benefit abundance of rheume being thereby avoided at the mouth I answere that there is thereby much moisture voided but many times yea for the most part good naturall and radicall moisture is thereby extracted But this is neither safe nor yet agreeth with sound reason It hath been already proved that there is a necessary use of this laudable humor which ought not thus without rime or reason as we say be exhaust when as againe many times by a new supply with the pot wee fill in twice as much as was exhaust We complaine often and not without cause of Empirickes and ignorant practitioners that they commonly erre in this particular that they purge away both good and bad humors indifferently and shall we wrong our selves in the same kind wherein wee find fault with others But as concerning the seeming ease it giveth for the present it is but momentary and of short continuance but the hurt redounding by exsiccation of radicall moisture and profitable humidity more permanent and of longer endurance so that of this it may well be said that the remedy is worse than the disease What shall I say of the venomous and violent deleterious damps from thence imparted to the braine and animall parts by reason whereof we often see such strange astonishment and amazement in the senses If any shall reply that by reason of heat and drouth it drieth up a moist braine I answere that as in such a braine I hold it best so againe I say if a cow yeeld a good deale of milke and kicke it downe when she hath done what hast thou here to bragge of If it doe thee good that way and perhaps hurt thy memory and by long continuance leave some ill impression upon thy body brag of thy winning And why may not sage as safely and without any seeming shew of danger be used It is by all our physitians accorded and agreed upon that it doth apparently corroborate and strengthen the nerves and by consequent all the animall powers besides the many excellent vertues thereof recorded the like whereof were never ascribed to Tabacco And in obstructions of the pipes of the lungs why might we not with far greater reason use the harmelesse and innocent smoake of colts foot since the world is now become so smoakie than the dampish smoake of this deletorious plant But we see the world is now full of fansies and phantasticke fashions and this growne now of late yeeres a new fashion to smoake away our precious time with this smoakie weed besides that this proveth often but a shooing-horne to make them draw downe drinke apace the pip and the pot mutually entertaining one another the dry ale-house so did a reverend judge on the bench lately stile these smoakie places as said is proving often a preparative to the other Some againe in defence of this whiffing plead that it proveth beneficiall for the furtherance of digestion without the which they are not able to eate any I answere that Tabacco in this case proveth as lime laied to the root of a tree which howsoever hasteneth it may be the maturity of the fruit yet by meanes of exsiccation and precipitate maturation the tree is farre sooner overthrowne and decaieth even so commeth it here to passe where Tabacco driveth the meate downe out of the stomack before it receive that due alteration it ought and consequently howbeit the stomacke be sooner emptied yet crudities the mother of a multitude of diseases are often thereby ingendred which in their appointed times bring forth oftentimes a bitter fruit of many incurable diseases How much better then were it not to oppresse thy stomacke and to impose no heavier burden on it than it is well able to beare and if ceized with any debility are there not many good wholesome and corroborant medicines farre safer than this smoake Besides that moderate exercise and abstinence till thy appetite returne would perhaps prove better medicines than thou art aware of sure I am farre better than all the Tabacco of Trinidad Now what hath beene hitherto said concerning this simple I understand even of the best not sophisticate what shall we then say of that which is sophisticate and adulterate with divers yea it may be sometimes deleterious drugs yea even sublimate it selfe Now if notwithstanding all that hath been said people will needs bee dallying with a doubtfull drugge yet I advise them that as in other medicines they are wished to weigh divers circumstances as of time place age constitution of body the disease the quantitie quality and the manner of preparation so thinke I here the like circumspection and care not to be neglected And this I speak to the more understanding discreeter sort who erre it
contrary Marriage is honourable among all men and the bed undefiled But the Pope replies lest it should not be taken notice hee is Antichrist that it is not so Marriage is dishonorable to my shavelings But what to keepe a Concubine yea to practise that unnaturall sinne of Sedomiâ— by God himselfe punished by fire from heaven belike is no sinne nay what shall it be then for a Clergie man nay for a Popish Prelate not by word of mouth onely but by a booke in print proclaime his owne shame to the open view of the world and the Romish Clergies impious abominable and more than brutish luxurious and lascivious lives And if one should make a narrow search and take a survey of these holy fathers of the Church wee shall finde them nothing inferiour to if not exceeding Sodome by many degrees in filthy lust and then what we may expect from children of such parents let the world judge We may read of Iulius the 3d. who to grace that gracelesse Innocentius whom he had before abused in commiting with him that sinne against nature when he was himselfe installed into S. Peters chaire preferred this base varlet into the number of the Cardinalls And when as some Writers had by publicke writings detested his blasphemies and other grosse villanies he suborned one of his favorites by publike writing to defend the lawfulnesse of these abominable villanies and lest he should be unlike himselfe by his bull and broad seale allowed of all this varlets witing Sixtus the 4. for another monument to perpetuat the memory and continue the practice of these salacious Satyres erected in Rome a publike stewes for the daily practice of both kindes of uncleannesse for the which they pay even yet a weekly tribute to this unholy holinesse the which often amounteth to 40000 ducats in the yeere and this is by his clergie collected and by them together with his church revenues brought in to his coffers This same holy father at the request and petition of one of his favorites whom he abused in the same Sodemiticall sin granted to his whole family and to a certaine company of Cardinalls freely to use this sin a horrible impietie to be mentioned saith mine author in the three hot months of the yeere Iune Iuly August And Iohn the 24. was accused in the councel of Constans for a whoremaster adulterer and a Sodomite Of Clement the 8. it is recorded that hee was a Bastard a Poisoner a murderer a Bawd a Smoniacke a Sorcerer a raâ—iâ—hâ—r Sodomite sacrilegious and a contriver and inventer of all wickednesse Such were Benedict 1. and the 14. and Paul the 3. And for the commendation of this Paul 3. it is written of him that he prostituted his owne sister that he might become Bishop and Cardinail oâ— Hostia Another sister with whom he was as familiar as a man with his wife by reason he saw her more affectioned to another than himselfe hee poisoned And being taken in the very act of adultery with another mans wife received of the husband such a blow that he carried the marke of it to his grave And that he might the more freely enjoy the company of his owne daughter whom hee had for a long time thus abused he caused poison her husband He had in his memoriall the names of 45. thousand whores of whom hee received a monethly tribute And these might kisse his foot have familiar accesse unto him and converse with him both day and night These few instances among a multitude more I have set downe that the world may see the hypocrisie of that filthy Roman strumper who would beare the world in hand they and their clergy are very chast and continent and yet none can come neere them in all manner of uncleannesse Nay there lived a gentleman here in this towne a few yeeres agoe in the Priory of St. Andrewes whose sonne told me he saw among some deeds concerning this Priory his father had then in custody during his lease one wherein a priest as I remember living at Saywell within foure miles of this same towne was for something hee held of the Prior tied to bring him every moneth a pretty faire young wench and this was not said to be for lust they know not what it meaneth simple babes but to cleanse his kidnies puâ—llam pulchram nitidam c non libidinis gratia sed ad purgandos renes were the words as I remember Nay if I should hold my peace the multitude of young childrens skulls found in many ponds of these convents of many Monks Friers and Nunnes when they were cleansed would proclaime the Romish whores uncleannesse And this by the way for a touch shall suffice to have said concerning this point Now besides this profitable excrement of seed of generation there is yet another in women appointed also for a profitable and necessary use And this is the blood of the menstruous fluxe which is good and laudable blood of the same nature and property of the rest of the blood of the body at first appointed for a profitable use the nourishment of the infant in the mothers whomb and after it is brought into the world this alimentarie liquor is by certaine vessells as so many pipes for this end and purpose appointed conveied into the breasts and there by paps or dugs converted into a white liquor which we call milke the proper aliment of the infant the which is still by the mother to be continued and to be exhibited to this tender fruit of her womb so long as shall be needfull In women that are with child whether Virgins or married women where this fluxe is become habituall that which superaboundeth in sound and healthfull bodies is ordinarily by a periodicall course once a moneth expelled But upon divers occasions it commeth often to passe that both in maids and married women this fluxe being stopt proveth a cause of many dangerous diseases and therefore by good and wise counsell this fluxe is to be furthered and if it be not regulat and keep not the due times and turnes we are by fit and appropriat remedies according to the severall causes and circumstances to provoke and further the same on the which here were too long to insist my Booke already being growne to that bignesse that I dare not bee too bold Howsoever I advise young maides not to bee too idle and cocketing mothers not too much to mainteine them in idlenesse This fluxe is sometimes againe facultie in the excesse which is then with great discretion according to the severall causes and circumstances to be suppressed But I advise every woman afflicted with this infirmitie to be wise and not be too busie with Empirickes and womens receits by strong astringent meanes suddenly to stop this course which was never yet by the judicious and learned allowed for a legall cure of this disease On the diet befitting both this and other fluxes proper to this sex it
requiring some more paines and time then I can now well spare I will not insist but reserve it to some fitter opportunity when as if God spare my life and health I may give this sex some more particular satisfaction CHAP. XXV Of sleeping and waking the benefit and use thereof in sicknesse and in health The severall sorts of sleepe and what persons may freeliest sleep and who lesse HAving hitherto at great length discoursed of foure things commonly called not naturall to wit of the aire and other elements of meat and drink the uses and preparations in sicknesse and in health of exercises of divers sorts and lastly of divers sorts of evacuations we come now to the fift watching and sleeping not unworthy of our consideration both in sicknesse and in health My meaning is not here to enter into a curious and philosophicall discourse concerning the nature and essence thereof but leave such speculations to our schooles and who so will bee satisfied herein let him have recourse to that Prince of philosophers who hath handled this subject learnedly and at great length The same author and Galen also referre both sleeping and waking to the common sense As for the seat of sleep we with Galen and all our famous Physitians doe undoubtedly place it in the braine from whence the originall of the nerves is by the senses to be observed and from thence the nerves communicated to the whole body impart both motion and feeling to every part and particle of the same although I confesse Aristotle as he would have the originall of the nerves in the heart so following the same error would likewise have the seat of sleepe feated in the heart which we utterly reject whatsoever acute Scaliger seeme to say to the contrary who by the sharpenesse of his wit would seeme to think that his ipse dixit should be sufficient to make us beleeve that the moone is made of greene cheese But my purpose is not here to enter upon any polemicall matter but proceed to that which concerneth the consideration of this subject in sicknesse and in health Under watching wee here comprehend both the functions of the common sense The first is the distribution of the animall faculty proceeding from the head to the organs of the outward senses to the end they may receive the species and the next is the perception it selfe and the judging of such species received into these organs of the outward senses Now sleepe is not properly a function of any sense but a certaine affection following upon the naturall function of the senses to wit waking that thereby the strength which by waking was tired out might the better be repaired and refreshed The moderation of both these in sicknesse and in health are very necessary and when either exceedeth the body is much endamaged and health much hindered Immoderate watching drieth up attenuateth exhausteth and debilitateth the body and spendeth the spirits and therefore in hot acute diseases if long continuing prov the very dangerous Sleep produceth the contrary effects howbeit exceeding measure dulleth the body moisteneth too much oppresseth and suffocateth naturall heat ingendreth abundance of excrements and drowneth both the senses and the mind But sleep moderately used benefitteth both the body and the mind for by this meanes the concoction of the aliment in the stomacke and all the parts of the body are by the testimony of Hippocrates best performed the which is also by Galen him selfe seconded Sleep moistneth also the body whereunto it seemeth the Poet alluded fessos sopor irrigat artus And besides it nourisheth and maketh fat and what is corrupted expelleth by sweat or urine and what is not fully concocted it perfecteth and maketh profitable for the nourishment of the body besides all this it qualifieth and mitigateth choler the cause of many dangerous diseases and it staieth and hindereth any evacuation except sweat and withall cooleth the body Sleep then is a naturall rest and that almost perfect of all the externall senses or a naturall impotency of the animall faculties to the actions by reason of a mild and pleasant vapor arising from the aliment irrigating and as it were besprinkling the braine that in the meane time the vigor and strength of the body may be this meanes bee repaired and refreshed Now although there be here a cessation of the influxe of the animall spirits into the organs of the outward senses yet is there not a totall cessation of this influxe for then a man should not againe waken at all and this would prove a stupefaction of the senses and not a sleep Sleep is therefore as it were a binding or tying up of the common sense and a hindering of the influence of the animall spirits into the organs of the outward senses in part onely as wee see by experience in respiration and many motions the body useth in sleepe but the influxe of so great a quantity and quality of spirits into these organs of the outward senses as for the performance of their functions is requisite then is denied And in a profound sound or deep sleep as we may call it there is a smaller or lesser influence in a lesse profound sleep when as the senses worke but slenderly there is a greater quantity of spirits This humor or vapor thus moistening the braine being spent the body awaketh and so becommeth more fit and quicke to goe about all ordinary imploiments and these two doe thus alternatively succeed each other according to the Poet. Quod caret alternarequie durabile non est What thing wants rest thou maiest be sure Long time on earth cannot indure And all this is to be understood of naturall sleepe usefull and usuall both in sicknesse and in health there being also some sleepes or rather soporiferous affections which are not naturall And this unnaturall or soporiferous sleep is often an accident of acute diseases sometimes dangerous and sometimes free there from Sleep then being so necessary for all ages sexes and sorts of people wee will say something concerning the fit and convenient time for sleepe as also of the duration and continuance thereof and with what site or posture of the body we are to sleep and who may safely sleepe longest and who are not allowed so long a time The wisedome and provident care of our Maker is not a little in this to be admired in that as he hath appointed the day time for man to labour in so hath hee likewise appointed the night time for a cessation from worke and serious imploiment and a time to repaire that which hath beene decaied or tyred out the day before The night time therefore is the fittest and most convenient time for sleep and rest when as both the Sunne withdrawes from us his bright beames and the darknesse and night-silence seeme to invite and summon us thereunto But it hath been and yet is a question among many whether sleep
the like effect But this aire so agitate by such an agent will not offend the partie many miles distant from thence A friend of mine told mee that in a hot skirmish betwixt the English and the Portugalls in the East Indies a bullet shot from the enemies ship past over him within a yard or little more of his head and yet never hurt him As for the sweet smells of Rosemarie in Spaine and Sassafras wood in the West Indies be many miles carried into the aire and by sailers smelt a farre off what strange thing is here these countries abounding with such odoriferous trees and shrubs by meanes of the vehicle of the aire agitated with the wind carries such smells to the olfactorie organe as I may say where wee see that sense it selfe is here judge of this action and yet if the wind be contrary these odoriferous and fragrant smells are not carried halfe so farre The like is likewise here in our owne countries by meanes of the blossomes of pease and beanes observed And yet this ointment being so little in quantitie notwithstanding all winds or other interceding rubs or hinderances can by a direct line send out for many miles a sanative vertue from this salve and besmeared weapon to the wound Now yet somewhat more concerning this operating medicine besides the blood besmeared on the weapon there is also great store spilt upon the ground and on the patients clothes and in the same no doubt great store of spirits and therefore the greater store of blood be effused the sooner should the cure be performed and if those few spirits in so small a quantitie of blood so far remote from the patient produce such stupendious effects shall all those spirits of the hot blood so neere the patient be idle and of none effect But I will yet demand further whether the blood besmeared on the weapon or that mingled with the ointment gives this efficacie and operation If that in the ointment how then when there is no blood in the same as wee have already proved As for blood on the weapon wee have newly answered it and if any then this blood is taken from any man and yet sometimes they tell us of the sympathy betwixt the blood of the wound and wounded howbeit this blood may be taken from one that bare the patient small good will But if they will yet hold so neere a sympathy then this cannot hold betwixt those that differ so much it may be in complexion and many other circumstances but especially betwixt man and beast But if we should yet admit of this sympathy yet when the blood is now separated from the body this sympathie also ceaseth and although there remaine some vertue in the parts so separated yet are they farre different from those of a living man a dead man being a man onely equivocally for the which cause it commeth also to passe that of the dead carkase of a man are ingendred some other creatures but never a man being of the same species And hence also is evinced the impertinency of the defendants comparison betwixt the blood and a graine of corne for as I said the blood now separated from the body hath lost those lively spirits and operations it injoyed being within the body therefore when as being yet within the body it was not able to produce any such effect at so far a distance farre lesse now reteining onely the nature of a part of a dead carkase But the case is not alike with the graine of corne which hath not yet left its proper forme and potentiall energie to produce another corne like it selfe being sowne in a fit and convenent soile as the meanest husbandman in the country can tell and when I shall have as good triall of the former as of the later and as good reason I shall be ready to beleeve it And therefore the seede of generation of man being sowen in a fruitfull soile had been more pertinent to be compared with a graine of corne howbeit it is true this would not have proved the tenent the defendant tooke in hand The blood had farre more pertinently beene compared with the chaffe or straw and as the straw will never produce corne sow it and dung it as much as you will no more will the blood produce any such effect as is pretended order it as you please There is then no sympatheticall nor magneticall cure performed by this ointment as is erroneously pretended This opinion symbolles too much with Paracelsus his imagination whereof something hath beene lately said As concerning the cruentation or bleeding of the corps killed at the presence of the murtherer it would take up a larger time to discourse of than I can here well spare Some would have it by antipathy and some otherwise howsoever it is not alwaies observed to hold true although some strange things concerning the same are received besides that sometimes some innocents have beene by this meanes accused And if this come by antipathy then when sometimes at the approaching of some whom the deceased dearely loved it must come to passe by sympathy and thus shall wee have one and the same effect produced by two so contrary causes and therefore the defendant findes as little helpe here as in the other arguments It is likewise to be observed the time of the yeere the site or situation of the dead the nature or quality of the blood magicall spells with many other things may hinder or further such an effect as also when sometimes the Magistrate or other maketh the party suspected put his finger into the wound c. And therefore I advise Magistrates not to be too rash in giving credit to every such shew of detecting a suspected person And as concerning the operation this ointment taketh as is supposed from the starres I have already proved that many times this cure is as well performed by other things where there are no ingredients collected with the observations of the heavens And as I doe not deny a power from the superiour powers of the heavens upon our inferiour sublunary things here below so in like manner doe I acknowledge the same to be but generall and so effect things here below as they find them disposed And even in some of those most cōmonly received and subject to our senses all is not so cleare but may admit of some doubts As who makes any question of the Moones predominant power over humid and moist things and hence is the cause of the fluxe and refluxe of the sea ascribed to this planet together with the spring-tides and yet might it be asked why have wee so high a spring-tide in the change of the Moone when shee is quite hid from our sight and shines not in our horizon as well as when she shines in her full and greatest glory and splendour and likewise since the sea in most places keepes a like time of ebbing and flowing yet
the recovery is not to be attributed to their physicke but to the strength of Nature that beares up both against the disease and their preposterous courses A grave Divine lately told mee a story of a notorious old Empericke living in the West countrie This Empericke was by a Noble man brought before that famous Prince King James of happy memory thinking thereby to grace him a small grace for a great man to grace such worthlesse persons which notwithstanding was not answerable to expectation This Noble Prince then as hee was most iudicious and Eagle-eyed in all Arts and Sciences so had he a singular dexteritie in discerning a skilfull and learned Artist in the profession of physicke from an Empericke an ignorant and counterfeit Physitian This bold Empericke as is the custome of such emptie barrells to make a great sound bragged before this learned Prince how many Consumptions and other dangerous diseases hee had cured to whom his Maiesty replying asked him how many hee had killed This learned Prince asked him after if hee could cure mad men that I can quoth the Empericke Being asked after what manner by making of them madder quoth the Empericke I beleeve thee well saith his Maiestie and withall asked him whether hee had ever read Hippocrates Galen and other physicall Authours Who answered that hee had never studied in any such bookes His Maiestie at length thus closed up his discourse Goe thy way man for if I have need of good advice for my soules health I will be advised by the honest and learned Divine for my bodily health the learned Physitian and for my temporarll estate the learned Lawyer shall give mee directions Now then since people are commonly so carried with apish imitation of great ones why will not people in this particular imitate the patterne of so great a Prince of whom it may well be said that since the daies of Solomon the world saw not a wiser But now to draw to an end what I have said either against these or any other erroneous practitioners if the unpartiall reader will but seriously consider that which hath beene said alreadie in this precedent discourse he will I thinke say it was no lesse than necessary I doubt not also but according to the severall and various humours and dispositions of people this my paines shall finde censurers of severall sorts But against all envious detractions the uprightnesse and innocency of my intention being a desire to profit the publique shall be to mee as a brazen wall Now if I have done any thing well as is fitting it was that I aimed at and if otherwise yet was my principall aime and indeavour to doe good and therefore in this imitating our gracious God I pray thee to accept of my endeavours in a good part and charitably to interpret any error or over-sight Farewell FINIS An Alphabeticall Table of THE CONTENTS OF THIS VVHOLE DISCOVRSE WITH relation to the page Intr. is for Introduction Ablution of the body page 294. Abricocke page 64. Abstinence from food 157. Abstinence naturall voluntary miraculous violent or forced morall physicall religious superstitions c. 158 159. Abstinence of the Arch-bishops and Bishops among the Russians 159 160. Abstinence of the Abyssine Priests 192. Abstinence of the Church of Rome 160. Abstinence of divers Hereticks and of the Egyptian Priests 159. Acid or sowre waters 395. Acid or sowre waters abound in Germany their vertues and in what infirmities hurtfull the continuance or duration of their use ibid. Aegyptians rigid in the time of purgation 283 284. Age best admitting or not admitting large and ample evacuation 242. Age doth not alwaies indicate nor yet inhibit phlebotomy 245. All ages may be purged 271 Age aptest to be purged ibid. Many things therein considerable 267. Aire the utilitie and qualities of it how our bodies are thereby altered 14. A pure aire and what it is 15. Advertisement concerning the aire to our new colonies beyond Seas ibid. Best Aire according to the time of the day night aire bad 16. In the coasts of Africa especially pernicious ibid. Aire of the Sea see Sea-wind Aire of no small consequence in sickenesse and in health 141. Aire the generall ambient 142. Ambient aire chiefely to be considered 255. Aire temperate correction of bad aire and how to order the body according to the seasons of the yeere 142 145. Aire of Churches and Church-yards in populous places especially oftentimes noisome 142 143 144. Aire of stoves or hot houses not wholesome 147. Aire in sicknesse how to be ordered and how to be corrected 145. Aire of the Countrie and severall differences thereof 148. Of townes and Cities and the differences thereof and whether a countrie aire or that of cities and townes be better ibid. Aire of the ancient towne and corporation of Northampton temperate 149. Aire considered in a double respect 142. Aire of the roome where the sicke lieth 146 147. Albanians they see better by night than by day 355. Ale and the vertues thereof 127. Ale without hops ibid. Ale-houses nurseries of drunkennes 135. Dry ale-houses see Tabacco Alexander the great sober before his Asiatick victory against the Persians 106. Alexander Severus had something read during meales and after meals 220. Allowes 93. Almonds 69. Almond-milke 201. Almond-milke or nutmilke for the poorer sort 202. Allisander 54. Alphonsus King of Arragon his Epicure-like speech 3. Amulets and of what power and efficacy against fascination 356. Anchovies 91. Andrew Dure his life by sea 19. Anger a cruell monster 388. Anger hurtfull to the body 392. Anger the cause of many dangerous diseases in the body of man ibid. Anger hath somtimes caused death 392. Anger for whom most hurtfull â—91 Anger in what diseases most usefull and in what diseases most dangerous ibid. Antidotes against anger both out of holy Writ and out of divers ancient Philosophers 388.389 390. Apples of several sorts how to be used and when best 66. Apples of what operation ibid. Aqua-vitae 193. Aristotle his counsell to Alexander the great 389. Arteries seldome opened 239. Artichockes 57. Artichockes of Ierusalem 45. Ash-keyes 99. Asparagus or Sperage 53. Asses flesh see uncoth flesh Astomi or men without mouthes 29. Astringent medicines in fluxes not rashly to be exhibited 315. Aveus 34. Augustus Caesar very sharp sighted 134. Aurum Potabile 6. 193. Autumne and the temperature thereof See Seasons of the yeere B. Barble 93. Barlev the coÌ„mendation therof 198. French Barley 199. Creame of Barley 198 199. Barley-water how used among the ancients both Greeks and Arabians 200. Barley water cautelously to be used and how to be corrected 201. Barley-water for the poorer sort ibid. Our ordinary Barley how to prepare both for Barley-water and Creame of Barley 200. Basiliea-veine 288. Basiliske 355. Bathing and anointing the body before meales 294. Bathing very frequent among the antients ibid. Bathing very frequent among the Germanes Vs'd there promiscuously without any previous preparation 294 295
callâ— himselfe Azarias c. and againe chap. 12.15 hee calls himselfe Raphael one of the seven Angells c. a Math. 17.21 b 2 Kings 5 14. It cannot be proved that the poole of Bethesda had in it any healing power c Iohn 9.6 d Coloss 2.8 Heathenish Philosophy is not to be abolished but the abuse to be shunned e 2 Thes 2. Revel 13. f Acts 8.9 Paracelsus was addictted to diabolicall magicke and therefore we justly suspect his mystical and miraculous cures g Possuntne Paracelsici Magiam suam divinaruÌ„ literarum authoritate philosophia physicaeque nomine defendere Autor Andr. Libav c. h Lib. 9. cap. 14. The ambient airâ— much hindereth or furthereth the cure of wounds The like may be said concerning drops of blood on the weapon when the patient traÌ„gresses in Diet. Lying with menstruous women Historie The mystery of this cure new ascribed to the secret or invisible spirit in the blood and not to the salve The salve then is of no efficacie Marke well History of St. Walter Raleigh stanching any fluxe of blood A slender argument Some of the examples alleaged are two like cacomagicall cures Strange manner of the cure of withered members Skin haire and nailes as efficacious as the blood Starre but made a stalking horse to hide a great deale of coâ—enâ—ge i Bodin Daemon lib. 2. ex Hect. Boet. Histor Scot. lib. 2. History of the bewitching a Scottish king by a picture of wax Witches practises Operation of the rose of the Sun Something may bee concealed and somthing not truely related History of cure of the Iaundize at the distance of almost a 100 miles A ball for the cure of the Iaundize at such a distance Note here there is no use of the stars and celestiall bodies which are sometimes so efficacious These balles are said to cure any Iaundize indefinitely without any respect had to cause continuance age sexe c. k Icterus in universum triplex est felleus hepaticus criticus qui sane omnes in multo plures species subsecantur juxta diversitatem causae Felleus quidem fit vel ab immodica plenitudine vesiculae fellis vel parvitate eius aut ab imbetillitate facultatis attractricis eiusdem aut a meatuum obstructione sive eorum sit per quos allicitur bilis sive eorum per quos pellituâ— ad intestina quo regurgitat ad venas bilis praedictum gignit effectum Hepaticus autem efficitur icterus ab Hepatis obstructione scirrbo inflammatione aut calida distemperie ad quod etiam membrum reducitur venarum caliditas exurens totius etiamcorporis Quippe evidentissimum est praedictis rationibus ob infirmatatem secoris icterum fieri naâ—â— multitudo bilis crassae ob scirrbosum tumorem infirmitatem jecoris expultricis tendens per veâ—as in cum effectum fere semper commigrat sic ab eiusdem partis inflammatione quia plus bilis generatur pâ—ri ratione obstructo Hepate quo minus itura bilis in vesicam conscendat Sed evidenti etiam eventu cum â—ecur calidum efficitur quo tempore plus justo flava bilis generatur quam vesicula fellis expurgare potest quo fit ut venas irruens pradictus color oriatur Quem quoque affectum fieri conspicimus venoso genere male affecto nimirumcorrupto aut exhausto in venis in universo corpore sanguine ob earum intemperamentum circa hepaein affectum aut a veneno assumpio vel ei aculato a fera vel a cathareticis non purgantibus quae ut quibusdam placet vel humorem purgandum alunt vel deleteria inficiunt qualitate Vltima autem icteri sors est cum Crititus efficitor qui duplex existit salutaris unus qui cursus fit dum copia bilis sano existente homine molestatur natura aut in morborum indicationibus quae septimo die aut post 7. diebus Criticis incidit antegressis coctionis signis c. Ludo. Mercat Tom. 3. lib. 4. de intern morb circuiâ— cap. 5. de icteri omnibus speciebus History See then how much the learned Artist is often injured History of an Italian Noble man recovering twice a new nose This makes nothing for the confirmation of the matter in hand This artificiall nose might rot off about the same time the slave died casually or yet by reason of a like radicall temperature of the part with the whole There might be a satanical operation l Quod si integer nasus velnasi portio penitus excisa fucrit non sperabilis reâ—â—itutio Ambr. Par. lib. 9. ca. 28 m Isaiah 28.21 n Aut exercetur Magia tacite sive conspicuis signis aut per instrumenta aspectabilia Vtrumque cum peragat diabolus deceptâ—s Magis fraudulenteâ— â—uanquâ—m â—iqui hene sciant se aut câ—â—â—nercâ—â—â—â—iabo â—â—amen pâ—aetendunt lumen natu 〈◊〉 Lumen natura precipere spiritibus immâ—â—â—â— aâ— aâ—sâ—at ad mi◠〈◊〉 Lumen naturae est tempâ—stateâ—â—tere sata â—â—anâ—serâ—c 〈◊〉 montâ—â—per fidem naturalem capita demire hominibus iterumque imponere subito momento coenas exhibere magicas essiagere cornua bibere cribro sisterepridem defunctos tribus jaculis ex aâ—cu aut globulu ex bomberaâ— emissis omne quicquid 〈◊〉 etiam non visum consodere in speculis videre omnia praeterita praesentia futura facta scripta dicta cogitata sanare per maximas distantias colioqui cum co qui est in Persia cum tu siâ— in Hispania in disco lunae legere scripta ab eo qui mille milliarâ—a abest in homine destinato absente ignorante ea perficere quae in homine cerco vel alia imagine qua iste repraesentatur ligatuâ—aâ— physicas inducere iterum demere Inimicitias favores concilâ—are affectâ—sque hominum mutare ad libitum detrahere uni vires in alterum inferre victorias transserre ingentes exercitus voce fistula vel imaginations in fugam vertere mures muscas congregare ut sagas Characterihus sigillis pentaculls alijs ab omni injuriaÌ„se immunem reddere armaturas gladios â—â—lypeosque martios facere quibus saltem visis fundantur bosliles exercitus adjurare boâ—bardas ne explodantur equos ita afficere ut summa celeritate etiam per praecipitia serantur ex hostibus salvum reportent sessorem Canes habere Gamabaas per quos mira effiâ—ias ita parhedros sucâ—ubos succubas cervas aves sacere facere tintinnabula quibus meretrices discernas mutare humanam figuram in leoninam ursinam lupinam osininam c. Sic ludere posse tuesseris chartis alijs ut numquam succumbas avium votes intestigere novacula cutem dissecare baculos in serpentes mutare alia inenâ—â—rabilia patrare qualia facta meminerunt â—iâ—toriae mundana estque vix alius in tota seu antiquitate seu nostro saeculo Magus quem Paracelsus Paracelsistae non commendent admireatur 〈◊〉 aedicent Paracels Mahumetum