therefore_o it_o be_v call_v agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la or_o a_o square_a march_n inasmuch_o as_o it_o keep_v the_o same_o disposition_n of_o part_n as_o be_v observe_v in_o quadrata_fw-la acie_n in_o a_o square_a body_n for_o that_o triple_a form_n of_o embattle_v which_o the_o roman_n general_o observe_v in_o their_o fight_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o distance_n between_o each_o battle_n contain_v almost_o a_o equal_a dimension_n of_o front_n and_o file_v and_o so_o it_o make_v aciem_fw-la quadratam_fw-la a_o square_a body_n and_o when_o it_o march_v agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la a_o square_a march_n polybius_n express_v the_o same_o in_o effect_n 6._o as_o often_o as_o the_o place_n require_v circumspection_n but_o alter_v it_o somewhat_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o carriage_n for_o he_o say_v that_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n especial_o where_o the_o country_n be_v plain_a and_o champain_n and_o give_v space_n and_o free_a scope_n to_o clear_v themselves_o upon_o any_o accident_n the_o roman_n march_v in_o a_o triple_a battle_n of_o equal_a distance_n one_o behind_o another_o every_o battle_n have_v his_o several_a carriage_n in_o front_n and_o if_o they_o be_v by_o chance_n attack_v by_o a_o enemy_n they_o turn_v themselves_o according_a to_o the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o place_n either_o to_o the_o right_n of_o left_a hand_n and_o so_o place_v their_o carriage_n on_o the_o one_o side_n of_o their_o army_n they_o stand_v imbattel_v ready_a to_o receive_v the_o charge_n the_o contrary_a form_n of_o march_v where_o the_o place_n afford_v more_o security_n and_o give_v scope_n to_o conveniency_n longum_fw-la they_o name_v agmen_fw-la longum_fw-la a_o long_a march_n or_o train_n when_o almost_o every_o maniple_n or_o order_n have_v their_o several_a carriage_n attend_v upon_o they_o and_o strive_v to_o keep_v that_o way_n which_o they_o find_v most_o easy_a both_o for_o themselves_o and_o their_o impediment_n which_o order_n of_o march_n as_o it_o be_v more_o commodious_a than_o the_o former_a in_o regard_n of_o particularity_n so_o be_v it_o unsafe_a and_o dangerous_a where_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v gall._n and_o therefore_o caesar_n much_o blame_v sabinus_n and_o cotta_n for_o march_v when_o they_o be_v delude_v by_o ambiorix_n longissimo_fw-la agmine_fw-la in_o a_o very_a long_a train_n as_o though_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o advertisement_n from_o a_o friend_n and_o not_o from_o a_o enemy_n and_o albeit_o our_o modern_a war_n be_v far_o different_a in_o quality_n from_o they_o of_o ancient_a time_n war_n yet_o in_o this_o point_n of_o discipline_n they_o can_v have_v a_o more_o perfect_a direction_n then_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n observe_v as_o the_o two_o pole_n of_o their_o motion_n safety_n and_o conveniency_n whereof_o the_o first_o depend_v chief_o upon_o the_o provident_a disposition_n of_o the_o leader_n and_o the_o other_o will_v easy_o follow_v on_o as_o the_o commodity_n of_o every_o particular_a shall_v give_v occasion_n concern_v safety_n in_o place_n of_o danger_n what_o better_a course_n can_v be_v take_v then_o that_o manner_n of_o imbattel_v which_o shall_v be_v think_v most_o convenient_a if_o a_o enemy_n be_v present_a to_o confront_v they_o for_o a_o well-ordered_a march_n must_v either_o carry_v the_o perfect_a form_n of_o a_o battle_n or_o contain_v the_o distinct_a principle_n and_o element_n thereof_o that_o with_o little_a alteration_n it_o may_v receive_v that_o perfection_n of_o strength_n which_o the_o fit_a disposition_n can_v afford_v it_o first_o therefore_o a_o prudent_a and_o circumspect_a leader_n that_o desire_v to_o frame_v a_o strong_a and_o orderly_o march_v be_v diligent_o to_o observe_v the_o nature_n and_o use_n of_o each_o weapon_n in_o his_o army_n how_o they_o may_v be_v place_v for_o great_a use_n and_o advantage_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o different_a and_o concur_v quality_n as_o also_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v manage_v and_o this_o knowledge_n will_v consequent_o infer_v the_o best_a and_o exact_a disposition_n of_o imbattel_v as_o the_o say_a force_n be_v capable_a of_o which_o if_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o a_o march_n be_v no_o way_n to_o be_v alter_v but_o if_o this_o exactness_n of_o imbattel_v will_v not_o admit_v convenient_a carriage_n of_o such_o necessary_a adjunct_n as_o pertain_v to_o a_o army_n the_o inconvenience_n be_v to_o be_v relieve_v with_o as_o little_a alteration_n from_o that_o rule_n as_o in_o a_o wary_a judgement_n shall_v be_v find_v expedient_a that_o albeit_o the_o form_n be_v somewhat_o change_v yet_o the_o principle_n and_o ground_n wherein_o their_o strength_n and_o safety_n consist_v may_v still_o be_v retain_v neither_o can_v any_o man_n well_o descend_v to_o more_o particular_a precept_n in_o this_o point_n he_o may_v exemplify_v the_o practice_n of_o many_o great_a and_o experience_a commander_n what_o sort_n of_o weapon_n march_v in_o front_n and_o what_o in_o the_o rearward_n in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o army_n the_o munition_n march_v and_o where_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o carriage_n be_v bestow_v according_a as_o their_o several_a judgement_n think_v most_o expedient_a in_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o their_o occurrence_n but_o the_o issue_n of_o all_o will_v fall_v out_o thus_o that_o he_o that_o observe_v this_o rule_n before_o prescribe_v do_v seldom_o miscarry_v through_o a_o unsafe_a march_n let_v a_o good_a martia_n list_v well_o know_v their_o proper_a use_n in_o that_o diversity_n of_o weapon_n in_o his_o army_n how_o they_o be_v serviceable_a or_o disadvantageous_a in_o this_o or_o that_o place_n against_o such_o or_o such_o a_o enemy_n and_o he_o will_v speedy_o order_v his_o battle_n dispose_v of_o his_o march_n and_o bestow_v his_o carriage_n as_o shall_v best_o fall_v out_o both_o for_o his_o safety_n and_o conveniency_n caesar_n custom_n be_v to_o send_v his_o cavalry_n and_o light-armed_n footman_n before_o the_o body_n of_o his_o army_n both_o to_o discover_v and_o impeach_v a_o enemy_n for_o these_o troop_n be_v nimble_a in_o motion_n and_o fit_a for_o such_o service_n but_o if_o the_o danger_n be_v great_a in_o the_o rearward_n then_o in_o the_o front_n the_o horseman_n march_v in_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o army_n and_o give_v security_n where_o there_o be_v most_o cause_n of_o fear_n but_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o they_o be_v find_v unfit_a to_o make_v good_a the_o service_n in_o that_o place_n as_o oftentimes_o it_o fall_v out_o and_o especial_o in_o africa_n against_o the_o numidian_n he_o than_o remove_v they_o as_o he_o best_o find_v it_o convenient_a and_o bring_v his_o legionary_a soldier_n which_o be_v the_o sinew_n and_o strength_n of_o his_o force_n and_o march_v continual_o in_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o army_n to_o make_v good_a that_o which_o his_o horseman_n can_v not_o perform_v and_o thus_o he_o alter_v the_o antique_a prescription_n and_o uniformity_n of_o custom_n according_a as_o he_o find_v himself_o best_a able_a to_o disadvantage_n a_o enemy_n or_o make_v way_n to_o victory_n chap._n ix_o the_o roman_n begin_v to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n but_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o nervii_n caesar_n make_v haste_n to_o prepare_v his_o force_n to_o battle_n the_o roman_a horseman_n caesar_n with_o the_o slinger_n and_o archer_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n and_o encounter_v the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o enemy_n who_o at_o first_o retire_v back_o to_o their_o company_n in_o the_o wood_n and_o from_o thence_o sally_v out_o again_o upon_o they_o but_o the_o roman_n dare_v not_o pursue_v they_o further_o than_o the_o plain_a and_o open_a ground_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o six_o legion_n that_o be_v in_o front_n have_v their_o work_n measure_v out_o unto_o they_o begin_v to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o neâ—vii_n perceive_v their_o former_a carriage_n to_o be_v come_v in_o sight_n which_o be_v the_o time_n appoint_v among_o they_o to_o give_v the_o charge_n as_o they_o stand_v imbattel_v within_o the_o thicket_n so_o they_o rush_v out_o with_o all_o their_o force_n and_o assault_v the_o roman_a horseman_n which_o be_v easy_o beat_v back_o the_o nervii_n run_v down_o to_o the_o river_n with_o such_o a_o incredible_a swiftness_n that_o they_o seem_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n of_o time_n to_o be_v in_o the_o wood_n at_o the_o river_n and_o charge_v the_o legion_n on_o the_o other_o side_n for_o with_o the_o same_o violence_n have_v pass_v the_o river_n they_o run_v up_o the_o hill_n to_o the_o roman_a camp_n where_o the_o soldier_n be_v busy_v in_o their_o entrenchment_n caesar_n have_v all_o part_n to_o play_v at_o one_o instant_a the_o flag_n to_o be_v hang_v out_o by_o which_o they_o give_v the_o soldier_n warning_n to_o take_v arm_n the_o battle_n to_o be_v proclaim_v by_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n the_o soldier_n to_o be_v recall_v from_o their_o work_n and_o such_o as_o be_v go_v far_o
station_n forasmuch_o as_o no_o place_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o least_o casualty_n and_o there_o he_o see_v how_o much_o fortune_n be_v able_a to_o do_v by_o the_o sudden_a come_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o how_o much_o more_o in_o that_o he_o be_v put_v off_o from_o the_o rampire_n and_o the_o gate_n which_o he_o have_v so_o near_o take_v but_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n this_o seem_v the_o strange_a that_o the_o german_n come_v over_o the_o rhine_n to_o depopulate_v and_o spoil_v ambiorix_n and_o his_o country_n have_v like_a to_o have_v take_v the_o roman_a camp_n which_o will_v have_v be_v as_o acceptable_a to_o ambiorix_n as_o any_o thing_n that_o can_v happen_v observation_n it_o be_v a_o old_a say_n fortune_n avouch_v by_o plutarch_n fortuna_fw-la id_fw-la unum_fw-la hominibus_fw-la non_fw-la aufert_fw-la quod_fw-la bene_fw-la fuerit_fw-la consultum_fw-la what_o a_o man_n have_v once_o well_o advise_v that_o and_o only_o that_o fortune_n can_v never_o despoil_v he_o of_o which_o tiberius_n the_o roman_a emperor_n well_o understand_v of_o who_o suetonius_n report_v quod_fw-la minimum_fw-la fortunae_fw-la casibusque_fw-la permittebat_fw-la that_o he_o trust_v very_o little_a to_o fortune_n or_o casualty_n and_o be_v the_o same_o which_o caesar_n counsel_v in_o this_o place_n ne_fw-la minimus_fw-la quidem_fw-la casui_fw-la locum_fw-la relinqui_fw-la debuisse_fw-la that_o no_o place_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o least_o casualty_n it_o be_v a_o hard_a condition_n to_o expose_v a_o naked_a party_n to_o the_o malice_n of_o a_o enemy_n or_o to_o disadvantage_n he_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o sight_n a_o army_n without_o a_o guard_n at_o any_o time_n be_v mere_o naked_a and_o more_o subject_a to_o slaughter_n than_o those_o that_o never_o take_v arm_n and_o the_o rather_o where_o the_o watch_n be_v want_v for_o there_o sudden_a chance_n can_v hardly_o be_v prevent_v and_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o avoid_v any_o such_o unexpected_a casualty_n they_o have_v great_a cause_n to_o thank_v fortune_n for_o her_o favour_n then_o to_o be_v angry_a with_o she_o for_o her_o malice_n for_o prevention_n at_o such_o time_n be_v out_o of_o the_o way_n and_o they_o be_v whole_o at_o her_o mercy_n as_o caesar_n have_v right_o deliver_v touch_v this_o accident_n and_o therefore_o whether_o a_o army_n march_v forward_o or_o continue_v in_o a_o place_n sleep_n or_o wake_v play_v or_o work_v go_v in_o hazard_n or_o rest_v secure_a let_v not_o so_o great_a a_o body_n be_v at_o any_o time_n without_o a_o competent_a strength_n to_o answer_v the_o spite_n of_o such_o misadventure_n chap._n xviii_o caesar_n return_v to_o spoil_v the_o enemy_n and_o punish_v acco_n caesar_n return_v again_o to_o trouble_v and_o vex_v the_o enemy_n caesar_n have_v call_v a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n from_o the_o border_a city_n he_o send_v they_o out_o into_o all_o part_n all_o the_o village_n and_o house_n which_o be_v any_o where_o to_o be_v see_v be_v burn_v to_o the_o ground_n pillage_n and_o booty_n be_v take_v in_o every_o place_n the_o corn_n be_v not_o only_o consume_v by_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n of_o man_n and_o cattle_n but_o beat_v down_o also_o by_o the_o unseasenableness_n of_o the_o year_n and_o continual_a rain_n insomuch_o that_o albeit_o divers_a do_v hide_v themselves_o for_o the_o present_a yet_o the_o army_n be_v withdraw_v they_o must_v necessary_o perish_v through_o want_n and_o scarcity_n and_o oftentimes_o they_o happen_v of_o the_o place_n the_o horseman_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o quarter_n where_o they_o do_v not_o only_o see_v ambiorix_n but_o keep_v he_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o sight_n and_o in_o hope_v still_o to_o take_v he_o some_o that_o think_v to_o demerit_n caesar_n high_a favour_n take_v such_o infinite_a pain_n as_o be_v almost_o beyond_o the_o power_n of_o nature_n and_o ever_o there_o seem_v but_o a_o little_a between_o they_o and_o the_o thing_n they_o most_o desire_v but_o he_o convey_v himself_o away_o through_o den_n and_o wood_n and_o dale_n and_o in_o the_o night_n time_n seek_v other_o country_n and_o quarter_n with_o no_o great_a a_o guard_n of_o horse_n than_o four_o to_o who_o only_o he_o dare_v commit_v the_o safety_n of_o his_o life_n the_o country_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n harry_v and_o depopulate_v caesar_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o two_o cohort_n bring_v back_o his_o army_n to_o durocortorum_n in_o the_o state_n of_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n where_o a_o parliament_n be_v summon_v he_o determine_v to_o call_v in_o question_n the_o conspiracy_n of_o the_o senones_n and_o carnutes_n and_o especial_o acco_n the_o principal_a author_n of_o that_o council_n who_o be_v condemn_v be_v put_v to_o death_n more_fw-it majorum_fw-la some_o other_o fear_v the_o like_a judgement_n save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n these_o he_o interdict_a fire_n and_o water_n so_o leave_v two_o legion_n to_o winter_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o treviri_n and_o two_o other_o among_o the_o lingones_n and_o the_o other_o six_o at_o agendicum_n in_o the_o border_n of_o the_o senones_n have_v make_v provision_n of_o corn_n for_o the_o army_n he_o go_v into_o italy_n ad_fw-la conventus_fw-la agendos_fw-la observation_n the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o summer_n work_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o the_o sack_n and_o depopulation_n of_o the_o eburones_n as_o the_o extremity_n of_o hostile_a fury_n when_o the_o enemy_n lie_v in_o the_o fastness_n of_o the_o country_n and_o refuse_v to_o make_v open_a war_n that_o be_v do_v caesar_n proceed_v in_o a_o course_n of_o civil_a judgement_n with_o such_o principal_a offender_n as_o be_v of_o the_o conspiracy_n and_o namely_o with_o acco_n who_o he_o punish_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o old_a roman_n be_v accustom_v to_o do_v with_o such_o offender_n as_o have_v forfeit_v their_o loyalty_n to_o their_o country_n a_o kind_n of_o death_n which_o nero_n know_v not_o although_o he_o have_v be_v emperor_n of_o rome_n thirteen_o year_n and_o put_v to_o death_n many_o thousand_o people_n the_o party_n condemn_v be_v to_o have_v his_o neck_n lock_v in_o a_o fork_n and_o to_o be_v whip_v naked_a to_o death_n and_o he_o that_o be_v put_v to_o death_n after_o that_o manner_n be_v punish_v more_o majorum_fw-la such_o other_o as_o fear_v to_o undergo_v the_o judgement_n and_o flee_v before_o they_o come_v to_o trial_n be_v banish_v out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o make_v uncapable_a of_o the_o benefit_n of_o fire_n and_o water_n in_o that_o empire_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o six_o commentary_n the_o seven_o commentary_n of_o the_o war_n in_o gallia_n the_o argument_n this_o last_o commentary_n contain_v the_o specialty_n of_o the_o war_n which_o caesar_n make_v against_o all_o the_o state_n of_o gallia_n unite_v into_o one_o confederacy_n for_o the_o expelling_a of_o the_o roman_a government_n out_o of_o that_o continent_n who_o caesar_n overthrow_v in_o the_o end_n horribili_fw-la vigilantia_fw-la &_o prodigiosis_fw-la operibus_fw-la by_o his_o horrible_a vigilancy_n and_o prodigious_a action_n chap._n i._n the_o gall_n enter_v into_o new_a deliberation_n of_o revolt_n gallia_n be_v in_o quiet_a 〈◊〉_d caesar_n according_a to_o his_o determination_n go_v into_o italy_n to_o keep_v court_n and_o session_n there_o he_o under_o stand_v that_o p._n clodius_n be_v slay_v and_o of_o a_o decree_n which_o the_o senate_n have_v make_v touch_v the_o assembly_n of_o all_o the_o youth_n of_o italy_n and_o thereupon_o he_o purpose_v to_o enroll_v new_a band_n throughout_o the_o whole_a province_n these_o news_n be_v quick_o carry_v over_o the_o alps_n into_o gallia_n &_o the_o gall_n themselves_o add_v such_o rumour_n to_o it_o as_o the_o matter_n seem_v well_o to_o to_o bear_v that_o caesar_n be_v now_o detain_v by_o the_o trouble_n at_o rome_n and_o in_o such_o dissension_n can_v not_o return_v to_o his_o army_n be_v stir_v up_o by_o this_o occasion_n such_o as_o before_o be_v inward_o grieve_v that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n do_v now_o more_o free_o and_o bold_o enter_v into_o the_o consideration_n of_o war_n the_o prince_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o gallia_n have_v appoint_v counsel_n and_o meeting_n in_o remote_a and_o woody_a place_n complain_v of_o the_o death_n of_o acco_n and_o show_v it_o to_o be_v a_o fortune_n which_o may_v concern_v themselves_o they_o pity_v the_o common_a misery_n of_o gallia_n and_o do_v propound_v all_o manner_n of_o promise_n and_o reward_n to_o such_o as_o will_v begin_v the_o war_n and_o with_o the_o danger_n of_o their_o life_n redeem_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o country_n where_o in_o they_o be_v to_o be_v very_o careful_a not_o to_o foreslow_v any_o time_n to_o the_o end_n that_o caesar_n may_v be_v stop_v from_o come_v to_o his_o army_n before_o their_o secret_a conference_n be_v discover_v which_o may_v easy_o
soldier_n to_o be_v send_v he_o with_o all_o speed_n he_o rate_v every_o city_n what_o proportion_n of_o arm_n they_o shall_v have_v ready_a and_o special_o he_o labour_v to_o raise_v great_a store_n of_o horse_n to_o extraordinary_a diligence_n he_o add_v extraordinary_a severity_n compel_v such_o as_o stand_v doubtful_a by_o hard_a and_o severe_a punishment_n for_o such_o as_o have_v commit_v a_o great_a offence_n he_o put_v to_o death_n by_o fire_n and_o torture_n lesser_a fault_n he_o punish_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o nose_n or_o their_o eye_n and_o so_o send_v they_o home_o that_o by_o their_o example_n other_o may_v be_v terrify_v by_o these_o practice_n and_o severity_n have_v speedy_o raise_v a_o great_a army_n he_o send_v lucterius_n of_o cahors_n a_o man_n of_o great_a spirit_n and_o boldness_n with_o part_n of_o the_o force_n towards_o the_o rutheni_n and_o he_o himself_o make_v towards_o the_o bituriges_n upon_o his_o come_v the_o bituriges_n send_v to_o the_o hedui_n in_o who_o protection_n they_o be_v in_o require_v aid_n against_o vercingetorix_n the_o hedui_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o legate_n which_o caesar_n have_v leave_v with_o the_o army_n send_v force_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o bituriges_n who_o come_v to_o the_o river_n loire_n which_o divide_v the_o bituriges_n from_o the_o hedui_n after_o a_o few_o day_n stay_v not_o dare_v to_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n return_v home_o again_o bring_v word_n to_o our_o legate_n that_o they_o dare_v not_o commit_v themselves_o to_o the_o bituriges_n and_o so_o return_v for_o they_o know_v that_o if_o they_o have_v pass_v over_o the_o river_n the_o bituriges_n have_v inciose_v they_o in_o on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o arverni_n on_o the_o other_o but_o whether_o they_o do_v return_v upon_o that_o occasion_n or_o through_o perfidious_a treachery_n it_o remain_v doubtful_a the_o bituriges_n upon_o their_o departure_n do_v present_o join_v themseleves_fw-la with_o the_o arverni_n observation_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o such_o as_o be_v acquaint_v with_o matter_n of_o government_n soldier_n that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v always_o a_o proportion_n of_o quality_n between_o he_o that_o command_v and_o they_o that_o obey_v for_o if_o a_o man_n of_o sardanapalus_n condition_n shall_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o charge_n of_o marius_n army_n it_o be_v like_a to_o take_v no_o better_a effect_n then_o if_o manlius_n have_v the_o lead_n of_o lascivious_a cinaedes_fw-la mariani_n and_o as_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o economical_a policy_n a_o dissolute_a master_n may_v as_o soon_o command_v hair_n to_o grow_v on_o the_o palm_n of_o his_o hand_n servant_n as_o to_o make_v a_o virtuous_a servant_n but_o the_o respect_n of_o duty_n between_o such_o relative_n do_v likewise_o infer_v the_o like_a respect_n of_o quality_n so_o in_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o command_n there_o must_v be_v sympathize_v mean_n to_o unite_v the_o diversity_n of_o the_o part_n in_o the_o happy_a end_n of_o perfect_a government_n in_o this_o new_a empire_n which_o befall_v vercingetorix_n we_o may_v observe_v a_o double_a proportion_n between_o he_o and_o his_o people_n the_o first_o of_o strength_n and_o ability_n and_o the_o other_o of_o quality_n and_o resemblance_n of_o affection_n upon_o the_o assurance_n of_o which_o proportion_n he_o ground_v the_o austerity_n of_o his_o command_n for_o it_o appear_v that_o his_o first_o beginning_n be_v by_o persuasion_n and_o entreaty_n and_o will_v endure_v no_o direction_n but_o that_o which_o be_v guide_v by_o a_o loose_a and_o easy_a rein_n hold_v it_o neither_o safe_a nor_o seemly_a but_o rather_o a_o strain_n of_o extreme_a madness_n first_o to_o punish_v or_o threaten_v and_o then_o to_o want_v power_n to_o make_v good_a his_o judgement_n but_o be_v strengthen_v by_o authority_n from_o themselves_o and_o back_v with_o a_o army_n able_a to_o control_v their_o disobedience_n he_o then_o add_v punishment_n as_o the_o ensign_n of_o magistracy_n and_o confirm_v his_o power_n by_o rigorous_a command_n which_o be_v as_o necessary_a a_o demonstration_n of_o a_o well-settled_n government_n as_o any_o circumstance_n belong_v thereunto_o touch_v the_o resemblance_n and_o proportion_n of_o their_o quality_n it_o be_v manifest_o show_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n that_o every_o man_n desire_v to_o redeem_v the_o common_a liberty_n of_o their_o country_n in_o that_o measure_n of_o endeavour_n as_o be_v fit_v so_o great_a a_o cause_n among_o who_o vercingetorix_n be_v their_o chief_a commander_n summae_fw-la diligentiae_fw-la as_o the_o story_n say_v add_v summam_fw-la severitatem_fw-la liâ—ie_n to_o great_a diligence_n great_a severity_n as_o well_o assure_v that_o the_o great_a part_n will_v approve_v his_o justice_n and_o condemn_v the_o uncertainty_n of_o doubtful_a resolution_n desire_v no_o further_a service_n at_o their_o hand_n then_o that_o wherein_o himself_o will_v be_v the_o foremost_a in_o imitation_n of_o valerius_n corvinus_n factamea_n non_fw-la dicta_fw-la vos_fw-la milites_fw-la sequi_fw-la volo_fw-la nec_fw-la disciplinam_fw-la modo_fw-la sed_fw-la exemplum_fw-la etiam_fw-la à _fw-la i_o petere_fw-la i_o will_v have_v you_o o_o my_o soldier_n do_v as_o i_o do_v and_o not_o so_o much_o mind_n what_o i_o say_v and_o to_o take_v not_o your_o discipline_n only_o but_o your_o pattern_n also_o from_o i_o and_o therefore_o the_o party_n be_v like_a to_o be_v well_o uphold_v forasmuch_o as_o both_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o people_n be_v so_o far_o engage_v in_o the_o matter_n intend_v as_o by_o the_o resemblance_n of_o a_o earnest_a desire_n may_v answer_v the_o measure_n of_o due_a proportion_n chap._n iu._n caesar_n come_v into_o gallia_n and_o by_o a_o device_n get_v to_o his_o army_n these_o thing_n be_v tell_v caesar_n in_o italy_n caesar_n assoon_o as_o he_o understand_v that_o the_o matter_n in_o the_o city_n be_v by_o the_o wisdom_n of_o pompey_n bring_v into_o better_a state_n he_o take_v his_o journey_n into_o gallia_n and_o be_v come_v thither_o he_o be_v much_o trouble_v how_o to_o get_v to_o his_o army_n for_o if_o he_o shall_v send_v for_o the_o legion_n into_o the_o province_n he_o understand_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v certain_o fight_v withal_o by_o the_o way_n in_o his_o absence_n if_o he_o himself_o shall_v go_v unto_o they_o he_o doubt_v how_o he_o may_v safe_o commit_v his_o person_n to_o any_o although_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v yet_o in_o peace_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n lucterius_n of_o cahors_n be_v send_v against_o the_o rutheni_n do_v easy_o unite_v that_o state_n to_o the_o arverni_n and_o proceed_v further_o against_o the_o nitiobrige_n and_o the_o gabali_n he_o receive_v hostage_n of_o both_o of_o they_o and_o have_v raise_v a_o great_a power_n he_o labour_v to_o break_v into_o the_o province_n and_o to_o make_v towards_o narbo_n which_o be_v know_v caesar_n resolve_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o put_v he_o by_o that_o purpose_n and_o go_v himself_o to_o narbo_n at_o his_o come_n he_o encourage_v such_o as_o stand_v doubtful_a or_o timorous_a and_o place_v garrison_n among_o the_o rutheni_n the_o volsci_n and_o about_o narbo_n which_o be_v frontier_n place_n and_o near_o unto_o the_o enemy_n and_o command_v part_n of_o the_o force_n which_o be_v in_o the_o province_n together_o with_o those_o supply_n which_o he_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o italy_n to_o go_v against_o the_o helvii_n which_o be_v adjoin_v upon_o the_o arverni_n thing_n be_v thus_o order_v lucterius_n be_v now_o suppress_v and_o remove_v hold_v it_o to_o be_v dangerous_a to_o enter_v among_o the_o garrison_n he_o himself_o go_v towards_o the_o helvii_n and_o albeit_o the_o hill_n gebenna_n which_o divide_v the_o arverni_n from_o the_o helvii_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o hard_a time_n of_o winter_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o snow_n do_v hinder_v their_o passage_n yet_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o soldier_n make_v way_n through_o snow_n of_o six_o foot_n deep_a they_o come_v into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o arverni_n who_o be_v sudden_o and_o unaware_o suppress_v little_o mistrust_v a_o invasion_n over_o the_o hill_n gebenna_n which_o enclose_v they_o in_o as_o a_o wall_n and_o at_o that_o time_n of_o the_o year_n do_v not_o afford_v a_o path_n to_o a_o single_a man_n alone_o he_o command_v the_o horseman_n to_o scatter_v themselves_o far_o and_o near_o to_o make_v the_o enemy_n the_o more_o afraid_a these_o thing_n be_v speedy_o carry_v to_o vercingetorix_n all_o the_o arverni_n full_a of_o fear_n and_o amazement_n flock_v about_o he_o beseech_v he_o to_o have_v a_o care_n of_o their_o state_n and_o not_o to_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v sack_v by_o the_o enemy_n especial_o now_o at_o this_o time_n when_o as_o all_o the_o war_n be_v transfer_v upon_o they_o upon_o their_o instant_a entreaty_n he_o remove_v his_o camp_n out_o of_o the_o territory_n
abhor_v the_o name_n of_o peace_n and_o have_v not_o keep_v the_o law_n either_o of_o treaty_n or_o truce_n for_o they_o have_v cause_v many_o simple_a man_n to_o be_v massacre_v and_o slay_v that_o be_v deceive_v by_o a_o show_n of_o treaty_n and_o therefore_o it_o have_v befall_v they_o as_o it_o happen_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o perverse_a and_o arrogant_a person_n to_o seek_v and_o earnest_o to_o desire_v that_o which_o a_o little_a before_o they_o have_v foolish_o contemn_v neither_o will_v he_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o this_o their_o submission_n or_o of_o any_o other_o opportunity_n of_o time_n either_o to_o augment_v his_o power_n or_o to_o strengthen_v his_o party_n but_o he_o only_o require_v that_o those_o army_n may_v be_v discharge_v which_o for_o many_o year_n together_o have_v be_v maintain_v against_o he_o for_o neither_o be_v those_o six_o legion_n for_o any_o other_o cause_n send_v into_o spain_n nor_o the_o seven_o enrol_v there_o nor_o so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a navy_n prepare_v nor_o such_o experience_a and_o skilful_a commander_n select_v and_o appoint_v for_o none_o of_o these_o need_v to_o keep_v spain_n in_o quiet_a nothing_o hereof_o be_v prepare_v for_o the_o use_n and_o behoof_n of_o the_o province_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o long_a continuance_n of_o peace_n need_v not_o any_o such_o assistance_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v long_o ago_o provide_v in_o a_o readiness_n against_o he_o new_a form_n of_o government_n be_v make_v and_o ordain_v against_o he_o that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n shall_v be_v resident_a at_o the_o gate_n of_o rome_n have_v the_o whole_a superintendency_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o city_n business_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o hold_v two_o warlike_a province_n for_o so_o many_o year_n together_o be_v absent_a from_o both_o of_o they_o against_o he_o and_o for_o his_o ruin_n be_v change_v the_o ancient_a right_n and_o custom_n of_o magistracy_n in_o send_v man_n at_o the_o end_n of_o their_o praetorship_n or_o consulship_n to_o the_o government_n of_o province_n as_o be_v always_o accustom_v but_o in_o lieu_n of_o they_o be_v choose_v some_o that_o be_v allow_v and_o authorise_v by_o a_o few_o against_o he_o the_o prerogative_n of_o age_n do_v nothing_o prevail_v but_o whosoever_o they_o be_v that_o in_o former_a war_n have_v make_v good_a proof_n of_o their_o valour_n be_v now_o call_v out_o to_o command_v army_n to_o he_o only_o be_v deny_v that_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o all_o other_o general_n that_o when_o they_o have_v happy_o bring_v thing_n to_o a_o end_n they_o may_v dismiss_v their_o army_n and_o return_v home_o with_o honour_n or_o at_o the_o least_o without_o dishonour_n all_o which_o thing_n he_o notwithstanding_o both_o have_v and_o will_v suffer_v patient_o neither_o do_v he_o now_o go_v about_o to_o take_v their_o army_n from_o they_o and_o retain_v they_o in_o pay_n for_o himself_o which_o he_o may_v easy_o do_v but_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o have_v mean_n to_o make_v head_n against_o he_o and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v say_v before_o they_o shall_v go_v out_o of_o the_o province_n and_o discharge_v their_o army_n if_o they_o do_v so_o he_o will_v hurt_v no_o man_n but_o that_o be_v the_o only_a and_o last_o mean_n of_o peace_n observation_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o virtue_n that_o can_v challenge_v a_o great_a measure_n of_o honour_n or_o have_v more_o prerogative_n either_o among_o friend_n or_o enemy_n than_o fidelity_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o man_n be_v more_o strict_a in_o matter_n commit_v to_o their_o trust_n for_o the_o behoof_n of_o other_o laeliâ—s_n than_o they_o can_v well_o be_v if_o the_o same_o thing_n concern_v themselves_o and_o yet_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v a_o quatenus_fw-la in_o all_o endeavour_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v limit_v with_o such_o apparency_n as_o true_a affection_n may_v make_v of_o a_o good_a meaning_n and_o be_v the_o ground_n which_o afranius_n take_v to_o move_v caesar_n for_o a_o pardon_n non_fw-fr esse_fw-la aut_fw-la ipsis_fw-la aut_fw-la militibus_fw-la succensendum_fw-la quod_fw-la fidem_fw-la erga_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la cn._n pompeium_n conservare_fw-la voluerint_fw-la sed_fw-la satis_fw-la jam_fw-la fecisse_fw-la officio_fw-la satisque_fw-la supplicii_fw-la tulisse_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v angry_a either_o with_o he_o or_o the_o soldiery_n for_o be_v faithful_a to_o their_o general_n cn._n pompeius_n but_o that_o now_o they_o have_v sufficient_o do_v their_o duty_n and_o as_o thorough_o smart_v for_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n which_o he_o deliver_v in_o a_o stile_n suit_v his_o fortune_n for_o as_o cominaeus_n have_v observe_v plut._n man_n in_o fear_n give_v reverend_a and_o humble_a word_n and_o the_o tongue_n be_v ever_o condition_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a witness_n of_o our_o fortune_n on_o the_o other_o side_n caesar_n produce_v nothing_o for_o his_o part_n but_o such_o wrong_n as_o may_v seem_v valuable_a to_o make_v good_a those_o course_n which_o he_o prosecute_v as_o first_o injury_n do_v by_o they_o and_o that_o in_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o blame_n against_o his_o soldier_n that_o go_v but_o to_o seek_v for_o peace_n injury_n do_v by_o their_o general_n in_o such_o a_o fashion_n as_o spare_v not_o to_o evert_v the_o fundamental_a right_n of_o the_o state_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o ruin_n and_o confusion_n whereby_o he_o be_v move_v to_o endeavour_v that_o which_o nature_n tie_v every_o man_n unto_o propellere_fw-la injuriam_fw-la to_o repel_v a_o injury_n from_o himself_o and_o have_v bring_v it_o to_o these_o term_n wherein_o it_o now_o stand_v offici_fw-la he_o will_v give_v assurance_n to_o the_o world_n by_o the_o revenge_n he_o there_o take_v that_o he_o enter_v into_o that_o war_n for_o his_o only_a end_n that_o he_o may_v live_v in_o peace_n and_o so_o require_v no_o more_o but_o that_o the_o army_n shall_v be_v dismiss_v chap._n xxviii_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o article_n agree_v upon_o the_o condition_n propound_v be_v most_o acceptable_a and_o please_a to_o the_o soldier_n câ—sar_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o they_o for_o be_v in_o the_o condition_n of_o vanquish_a person_n and_o thereupon_o expect_v a_o hard_a measure_n of_o fortune_n to_o be_v reward_v with_o liberty_n and_o exemption_n of_o arm_n be_v more_o than_o they_o can_v expect_v insomuch_o as_o where_o there_o grow_v a_o controversy_n of_o the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o their_o dismission_n they_o all_o general_o stand_v upon_o the_o rampire_n signify_v both_o by_o their_o speech_n and_o by_o their_o hand_n that_o their_o desire_n be_v it_o may_v be_v do_v instant_o for_o it_o can_v not_o be_v provide_v by_o any_o assurance_n that_o it_o will_v continue_v firm_a if_o it_o be_v defer_v until_o another_o time_n after_o some_o dispute_n on_o each_o side_n the_o matter_n be_v in_o the_o end_n bring_v to_o this_o issue_n that_o such_o as_o have_v house_n and_o possession_n in_o spain_n shall_v be_v discharge_v present_o and_o the_o rest_n at_o the_o river_n varus_n luc._n it_o be_v condition_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v injury_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v force_v against_o his_o will_n to_o be_v swear_v under_o caesar_n command_n caesar_n promise_v to_o furnish_v they_o with_o corn_n until_o they_o come_v to_o the_o river_n varus_n add_v withal_o that_o what_o soever_o any_o one_o have_v lose_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o war_n which_o shall_v be_v find_v with_o any_o of_o his_o soldier_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o such_o as_o lose_v it_o and_o to_o his_o soldier_n he_o pay_v the_o value_n thereof_o in_o money_n if_o any_o controversy_n afterward_o grow_v among_o the_o soldier_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n they_o bring_v the_o matter_n from_o time_n to_o time_n before_o caesar_n as_o when_o the_o soldier_n grow_v almost_o into_o a_o mutiny_n for_o want_v of_o pay_n the_o commander_n affirm_v the_o payday_n be_v not_o yet_o come_v petreius_n and_o afranius_n require_v that_o caesar_n may_v understand_v the_o cause_n and_o both_o party_n be_v content_v with_o his_o arbitrement_n a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o army_n be_v dismiss_v in_o those_o two_o day_n he_o command_v two_o of_o his_o legion_n to_o march_v before_o their_o army_n and_o the_o rest_n to_o follow_v after_o and_o continual_o to_o incamp_v themselves_o not_o far_o from_o they_o and_o appoint_v q._n fusius_fw-la calenus_n a_o legate_n to_o take_v the_o charge_n of_o that_o business_n this_o course_n be_v take_v they_o march_v out_o of_o spain_n to_o the_o river_n varus_n and_o there_o dismiss_v the_o rest_n of_o their_o army_n observation_n the_o river_n varus_n divide_v gallia_n narbonensis_n from_o italy_n and_o be_v think_v a_o indifferent_a place_n to_o discharge_v the_o army_n whereby_o there_o may_v be_v a_o end_n make_v of_o that_o war_n wherein_o if_o any_o man_n
few_o day_n labour_v re-edify_v and_o finish_v whereby_o there_o be_v no_o place_n leave_v to_o practice_v deceit_n or_o to_o sally_v out_o with_o advantage_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o mean_n leave_v by_o which_o they_o can_v prevail_v either_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o hurt_v our_o soldier_n or_o by_o fire_n to_o consume_v our_o work_n and_o understand_v likewise_o that_o by_o the_o same_o manner_n of_o fortification_n all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o town_n which_o have_v passage_n and_o access_n from_o the_o firm_a land_n may_v be_v encompass_v with_o a_o wall_n and_o with_o tower_n that_o their_o soldier_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o stand_v upon_o their_o work_n and_o perceive_v withal_o that_o our_o army_n have_v raise_v a_o counter-mure_n against_o the_o wall_n of_o their_o town_n and_o that_o weapon_n may_v be_v cast_v by_o hand_n unto_o they_o that_o the_o use_n of_o their_o engine_n wherein_o they_o much_o trust_v be_v by_o the_o nearness_n of_o space_n quite_o take_v away_o and_o last_o that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o confront_v our_o man_n upon_o equal_a term_n from_o their_o wall_n and_o from_o their_o turret_n they_o descend_v to_o the_o same_o article_n of_o rendry_a and_o submission_n as_o be_v former_o agree_v upon_o the_o first_o observation_n hence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o a_o general_n can_v be_v too_o secure_a of_o a_o enemy_n that_o stand_v upon_o term_n to_o render_v up_o a_o place_n for_o the_o action_n be_v but_o voluntary_a by_o constraint_n if_o haply_o the_o constrain_a force_n be_v remove_v then_o that_o do_v cease_v which_o be_v voluntary_a and_o so_o it_o come_v by_o consequent_a to_o a_o refusal_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o passage_n of_o the_o marseillian_o who_o be_v bring_v into_o hard_a term_n as_o well_o by_o their_o two_o overthrow_n at_o sea_n whence_o they_o expect_v no_o further_a succour_n as_o also_o by_o the_o siege_n lay_v so_o close_o by_o land_n where_o they_o be_v so_o violent_o assault_v that_o their_o tower_n of_o defence_n make_v passage_n for_o the_o roman_n to_o enter_v upon_o they_o do_v nevertheless_o upon_o cessation_n of_o those_o enforcement_n alter_v their_o purpose_n and_o entertain_v new_a hope_n which_o make_v good_a that_o say_n timâ—o_n danaos_n &_o dona_fw-la ferentes_fw-la i_o fear_v the_o greek_n even_o when_o they_o bring_v their_o gift_n the_o second_o observation_n second_o 〈◊〉_d we_o may_v observe_v that_o a_o will_n forward_o to_o undergo_v labour_n do_v never_o stick_v at_o any_o difficulty_n nor_o be_v at_o all_o dismay_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o any_o pain_n but_o be_v rather_o redouble_v in_o courage_n and_o industry_n especial_o be_v edge_v on_o with_o a_o desire_n of_o revenge_n polyaenus_n which_o if_o homer_n may_v have_v credit_n do_v always_o add_v a_o three_o part_n to_o a_o man_n strength_n as_o appear_v by_o diomedes_n 5._o be_v hurt_v in_o the_o shoulder_n with_o one_o of_o pindarus_n arrow_n for_o revenge_n whereof_o he_o exceed_v himself_o in_o a_o sesquiterce_n proportion_n of_o valour_n and_o slay_v more_o trojan_n by_o a_o three_o part_n then_o otherwise_o he_o can_v howsoever_o possit_fw-la as_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o hard_a but_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o mind_n so_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o easy_a as_o to_o dispossess_v ourselves_o of_o that_o intent_n care_v which_o be_v requisite_a in_o these_o employment_n for_o these_o roman_n that_o through_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o spirit_n have_v make_v such_o first_o and_o second_o work_n hispanico_fw-la as_o the_o memory_n thereof_o will_v last_v with_o the_o world_n be_v surprise_v when_o they_o lie_v in_o the_o interim_n as_o it_o be_v unbend_v in_o as_o great_a remissness_n and_o neglect_n howsoever_o draw_v unto_o it_o by_o deceit_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v able_a to_o do_v no_o such_o matter_n as_o be_v here_o report_v and_o therefore_o it_o behove_v a_o commander_n to_o keep_v his_o army_n always_o season_v with_o labour_n vegetius_n forasmuch_o as_o exercitus_fw-la labour_v proficit_fw-la otio_fw-la consenescit_fw-la a_o army_n thrive_v by_o employment_n but_o grow_v old_a by_o idleness_n chap._n vii_o varro_n raise_v great_a troop_n to_o maintain_v pompey_n party_n in_o spain_n but_o to_o no_o purpose_n marcus_z varro_z caesar_n in_o the_o further_a province_n of_o spain_n have_v from_o the_o beginning_n understand_v how_o thing_n have_v pass_v in_o italy_n and_o distrust_v how_o matter_n will_v succeed_v with_o pompey_n do_v oftentimes_o give_v out_o very_o friendly_a speech_n of_o caesar_n that_o pompey_n have_v by_o way_n of_o prevention_n gain_v he_o to_o his_o party_n and_o honour_v he_o with_o a_o lieutenancie_n whereby_o he_o be_v oblige_v in_o duty_n to_o he_o howbeit_o in_o his_o particular_a disposition_n he_o stand_v no_o less_o affect_v to_o caesar_n neither_o be_v he_o ignorant_a of_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o legate_n to_o who_o trust_n and_o fidelity_n the_o government_n of_o the_o province_n be_v leave_v obtinebat_fw-la as_o in_o deposito_fw-la upon_o condition_n to_o be_v render_v up_o at_o all_o time_n and_o season_n as_o he_o that_o command_v in_o chief_a shall_v require_v it_o he_o likewise_o know_v very_o well_o what_o his_o own_o force_n be_v and_o what_o be_v the_o affection_n and_o disposition_n of_o all_o the_o country_n towards_o câ—sar_n this_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o all_o his_o speech_n without_o any_o show_n of_o incline_v either_o to_o the_o one_o or_o to_o the_o other_o but_o afterward_o when_o he_o hear_v that_o caesar_n be_v engage_v at_o marscille_n that_o petreius_n force_n be_v join_v with_o afranius_n army_n that_o great_a aide_n be_v come_v unto_o they_o that_o every_o man_n be_v in_o great_a hope_n and_o expectation_n of_o good_a success_n and_o that_o all_o the_o hither_o province_n have_v agree_v together_o to_o undertake_v pompey_n cause_n as_o also_o what_o have_v after_o happen_v concern_v the_o want_n of_o victual_n at_o ileâ—da_n all_o which_o thing_n be_v write_v with_o advantage_n unto_o he_o by_o afranius_n he_o then_o upon_o that_o alteration_n change_v his_o mind_n according_a to_o the_o time_n and_o levy_v soldier_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o province_n and_o have_v raise_v two_o complete_a legion_n he_o add_v unto_o they_o some_o thirty_o cohort_n of_o the_o country_n soldier_n to_o serve_v for_o wing_n to_o the_o army_n and_o gather_v together_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n as_o well_o for_o the_o supply_n of_o the_o marsâ—illians_n as_o for_o the_o provision_n of_o petreius_n and_o afranius_n moreover_o he_o command_v they_o of_o gades_n to_o build_v and_o provide_v ten_o galley_n and_o order_v further_o that_o many_o other_o shall_v be_v make_v at_o hispalis_n he_o take_v all_o the_o money_n and_o the_o ornament_n out_o of_o hercules_n temple_n and_o bring_v the_o same_o into_o the_o town_n of_o gades_n and_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o send_v six_o cohort_n out_o of_o the_o province_n to_o keep_v the_o temple_n he_o make_v caius_n gallonius_n a_o roman_a knight_n and_o a_o familiar_a friend_n of_o domitius_n and_o send_v by_o he_o thither_o to_o recover_v some_o matter_n of_o inheritance_n governor_n of_o the_o town_n all_o the_o army_n as_o well_o private_a as_o public_a be_v bring_v into_o gallonius_n house_n he_o himself_o make_v many_o bitter_a invective_n against_o caesar_n affirm_v in_o public_a that_o caesar_n have_v be_v several_a time_n worsted_n and_o that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o soldier_n be_v revolt_v from_o he_o and_o be_v come_v to_o afranius_n which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v true_a by_o certain_a and_o approve_a messenger_n the_o roman_a citizen_n reside_v in_o that_o province_n be_v much_o perplex_a and_o affright_v thereat_o be_v thereupon_o constrain_v to_o promise_v he_o 190_o thousand_o sesterce_n in_o ready_a money_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o commonweal_n beside_o twenty_o thousand_o weight_n of_o silver_n together_o with_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n upon_o those_o city_n and_o state_n which_o favour_v caesar_n party_n he_o lay_v great_a imposition_n for_o such_o as_o have_v let_v fall_v speech_n or_o declare_v themselves_o against_o the_o commonweal_n he_o confiscate_v all_o their_o good_n and_o put_v a_o garrison_n upon_o they_o give_v judgement_n himself_o upon_o private_a person_n and_o constrain_a all_o the_o province_n to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o to_o pompey_n and_o be_v in_o the_o end_n advertise_v what_o have_v happen_v in_o the_o hither_o province_n he_o prepare_v for_o war_n with_o a_o purpose_n to_o dispose_v thereof_o in_o this_o manner_n his_o resolution_n be_v to_o keep_v two_o legion_n with_o he_o at_o gades_n with_o all_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o corn_n for_o know_v that_o the_o whole_a province_n do_v entire_o affect_v caesar_n cause_n he_o think_v it_o best_a and_o easy_a for_o he_o have_v make_v good_a provision_n
that_o a_o commander_n must_v expect_v to_o meet_v with_o time_n wherein_o his_o man_n will_v stand_v in_o danger_n of_o nothing_o so_o much_o as_o their_o own_o infirmity_n be_v trouble_v rather_o with_o strong_a apprehension_n enchirid_a then_o for_o any_o danger_n of_o the_o thing_n fear_v chap._n xii_o curio_n dispute_v the_o matter_n in_o a_o council_n of_o war_n for_o which_o cause_v a_o council_n of_o war_n be_v call_v caesar_n they_o begin_v to_o deliberate_v what_o course_n be_v to_o be_v take_v i_o here_o be_v some_o opinion_n which_o think_v that_o it_o be_v very_o expedient_a to_o assault_v and_o take_v varus_n camp_n for_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o dangerous_a than_o idleness_n for_o the_o breed_n and_o increase_n of_o such_o imagination_n as_o the_o soldier_n have_v conceive_v other_o say_v it_o be_v better_a to_o try_v the_o fortune_n of_o a_o battle_n and_o to_o free_v themselves_o by_o valorous_a endeavour_n rather_o than_o to_o be_v forsake_v and_o abandon_v of_o their_o own_o party_n and_o left_a to_o undergo_v most_o grievous_a and_o extreme_a torment_n there_o be_v other_o which_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o return_v about_o the_o three_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n to_o cornelius_n camp_n that_o by_o interpose_v some_o respite_n of_o time_n the_o soldier_n may_v be_v better_o settle_v and_o confirm_v in_o their_o opinion_n and_o if_o any_o mischance_n further_o happen_v they_o may_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o store_n of_o ship_v with_o more_o ease_n and_o safety_n return_v back_o to_o sicily_n curio_n mislike_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o say_v that_o there_o want_v as_o much_o good_a resolution_n in_o the_o one_o opinion_n as_o abound_v in_o the_o other_o for_o these_o enter_v into_o a_o consideration_n of_o a_o dishonourable_a &_o unbeseeming_a flight_n and_o those_o be_v of_o a_o opinion_n to_o fight_v in_o a_o unequal_a and_o disadvantageous_a place_n for_o with_o what_o hope_n say_v he_o can_v we_o assault_v a_o camp_n so_o fortify_v both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n or_o what_o have_v we_o gain_v if_o with_o great_a loss_n and_o damage_n solent_fw-la we_o shall_v go_v away_o and_o give_v it_o over_o as_o though_o thing_n well_o and_o happy_o achieve_v do_v not_o get_v to_o the_o commander_n great_a good_a will_n from_o the_o soldier_n and_o thing_n ill_o carry_v as_o much_o hate_n concern_v the_o remove_n of_o our_o camp_n 8._o what_o do_v it_o infer_v but_o a_o shameful_a retreat_n a_o despair_n in_o all_o man_n and_o a_o alienation_n of_o the_o army_n for_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o prudent_a and_o well-advised_a to_o imagine_v that_o they_o be_v disinherit_v nor_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o the_o ill-disposed_a that_o they_o be_v redoubt_a or_o fear_v and_o the_o rather_o because_o fear_v in_o this_o kind_n will_v give_v they_o more_o liberty_n to_o do_v ill_a and_o abate_v the_o endeavour_n of_o good_a man_n in_o well_o deserve_v and_o if_o say_v he_o these_o thing_n be_v well_o know_v unto_o we_o already_o that_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o revolt_n and_o alienation_n of_o the_o army_n which_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o think_v either_o to_o be_v altogether_o false_a or_o at_o least_o less_o than_o in_o opinion_n they_o be_v think_v to_o be_v be_v it_o not_o better_a to_o dissemble_v and_o hide_v they_o then_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v strengthen_v and_o confirm_v by_o we_o ought_v we_o not_o as_o we_o do_v hide_v the_o wound_n of_o our_o body_n to_o cover_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o a_o army_n lest_o we_o shall_v minister_v hope_n or_o courage_n to_o the_o adversary_n but_o some_o there_o be_v that_o advise_v to_o set_v forward_o at_o midnight_n to_o the_o end_n as_o i_o imagine_v that_o such_o as_o be_v desirous_a to_o offend_v may_v perform_v it_o with_o more_o scope_n and_o licentiousness_n for_o such_o disorder_n be_v repress_v and_o reform_v either_o with_o shame_n or_o fear_n to_o both_o which_o the_o night_n be_v a_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o as_o i_o be_o not_o of_o that_o courage_n to_o think_v without_o hope_n or_o mean_n that_o the_o enemy_n camp_n be_v to_o be_v assault_v so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n i_o be_o not_o so_o fearful_a as_o to_o be_v want_v in_o that_o which_o be_v fit_v but_o be_o rather_o of_o opinion_n that_o we_o try_v all_o thing_n before_o we_o yield_v to_o that_o and_o do_v assure_v myself_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n we_o be_v all_o of_o one_o mind_n concern_v this_o point_n observation_n as_o in_o matter_n of_o geometry_n rectum_fw-la est_fw-la index_n svi_fw-la &_o obliqui_fw-la a_o straight_a line_n manifest_v both_o itself_o and_o a_o crooked_a line_n be_v equal_a to_o all_o the_o part_n of_o rectitude_n and_o unequal_a to_o obliquity_n so_o be_v it_o in_o reason_n and_o discourse_n for_o a_o direct_a and_o well-grounded_n speech_n carry_v such_o a_o native_a equality_n with_o all_o its_o part_n as_o it_o do_v not_o only_o approve_v itself_o to_o be_v level_v at_o that_o which_o be_v most_o fit_a but_o show_v also_o what_o be_v indirect_a and_o crooked_a concern_v the_o same_o matter_n and_o be_v of_o that_o consequence_n in_o the_o variety_n of_o project_n and_o opinion_n divinissimum_fw-la and_o so_o hardly_o hit_v upon_o in_o the_o lame_a discourse_n of_o common_a reason_n that_o plato_n think_v it_o a_o piece_n of_o divine_a power_n to_o direct_v a_o path_n free_a from_o the_o crookedness_n of_o error_n which_o may_v lead_v the_o straight_a and_o ready_a way_n to_o happy_a end_n opponitur_fw-la and_o the_o rather_o forasmuch_o as_o in_o matter_n of_o debate_n there_o be_v no_o word_n so_o weighty_a but_o do_v seem_v balance_v with_o other_o of_o equal_a consideration_n seâ—â—_n as_o here_o it_o happen_v philos_fw-la from_o those_o that_o point_v at_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o distemperature_n 4._o convict_a idleness_n for_o the_o author_n of_o their_o variable_a and_o unsettled_a mind_n and_o as_o cyrop_n xenophon_n have_v observe_v very_o hard_o to_o be_v endure_v in_o one_o man_n much_o worse_o in_o a_o whole_a family_n but_o no_o way_n sufferable_a in_o a_o army_n which_o the_o roman_n call_v exercitus_fw-la ab_fw-la exercitio_fw-la from_o exercise_n for_o remedy_v whereof_o they_o propound_v labour_n without_o hope_n of_o gain_n and_o such_o service_n as_o can_v bring_v forth_o nothing_o but_o loss_n other_o prefer_v security_n before_o all_o other_o course_n as_o believe_v with_o livy_n 22._o that_o captain_n shall_v never_o trust_v fortune_n further_o than_o necessity_n constrain_v they_o persuade_v a_o retreat_n to_o a_o place_n of_o safety_n but_o upon_o dishonourable_a term_n which_o unevennesse_n of_o opinion_n curio_n make_v straight_o by_o a_o excellent_a maxim_n in_o this_o kind_n think_v it_o convenient_a to_o hold_v such_o a_o course_n as_o may_v neither_o give_v honest_a man_n cause_n of_o distrust_n nor_o wicked_a man_n to_o think_v they_o be_v fear_v for_o so_o he_o shall_v be_v sure_a in_o good_a term_n of_o honour_n neither_o to_o discourage_v the_o better_a sort_n nor_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o ill-affected_a to_o do_v worse_o and_o thus_o wind_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o labyrinth_n of_o word_n as_o know_v that_o to_o be_v true_a of_o annius_n the_o praetor_n that_o 3â—_n it_o more_o import_v occasion_n to_o do_v then_o to_o say_v be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o fit_a word_n to_o thing_n unfold_v &_o resolve_v upon_o he_o break_v up_o the_o council_n chap._n xiii_o curio_n call_v a_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o speak_v unto_o they_o concern_v their_o fear_n and_o retraction_n the_o council_n be_v rise_v caesar_n he_o give_v order_n for_o a_o convocation_n of_o the_o army_n and_o there_o call_v to_o remembrance_n what_o they_o have_v do_v for_o caesar_n at_o confinium_fw-la how_o by_o their_o favour_n and_o furtherance_n he_o have_v gain_v the_o great_a part_n of_o italy_n to_o be_v on_o his_o side_n for_o by_o you_o say_v he_o and_o by_o your_o endeavour_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o municipal_a town_n be_v draw_v to_o follow_v caesar_n and_o there_o fore_o not_o without_o just_a cause_n do_v he_o at_o that_o time_n repose_v great_a assurance_n in_o your_o affection_n towards_o he_o and_o the_o adverse_a party_n conceive_v as_o great_a indignation_n &_o spite_n against_o you_o for_o pompey_n be_v not_o force_v away_o by_o any_o battle_n but_o be_v prejudice_v by_o your_o act_n he_o quit_v italy_n caesar_n have_v recommend_v i_o who_o he_o hold_v near_o unto_o himself_o together_o with_o the_o province_n of_o sicily_n and_o africa_n without_o which_o he_o can_v defend_v the_o city_n and_o italy_n to_o your_o trust_n and_o fidelity_n there_o be_v some_o which_o solicit_v and_o persuade_v you_o to_o revolt_v from_o my_o command_n for_o what_o can_v they_o wish_v or_o desire_v more_o then_o to_o make_v
first_o so_o he_o ask_v he_o what_o be_v he_o that_o be_v dead_a and_o bury_v there_o but_o straight_o fetch_v a_o great_a sigh_n alas_o say_v he_o perhaps_o it_o be_v pompey_n the_o great_a then_o he_o land_v a_o little_a and_o be_v straight_o take_v and_o slay_v this_o be_v the_o end_n of_o pompey_n the_o great_a not_o long_o after_o caesar_n also_o come_v into_o egypt_n that_o be_v in_o great_a war_n where_o pompey_n head_n be_v present_v unto_o he_o but_o he_o turn_v his_o head_n aside_o and_o will_v not_o see_v it_o and_o abhor_v he_o that_o bring_v it_o as_o a_o detestable_a murderer_n then_o take_v his_o ring_n wherewith_o he_o seal_v his_o letter_n whereupon_o be_v grave_v a_o lion_n hold_v a_o sword_n he_o burst_v out_o a_o weep_v achillas_n and_o photinus_n he_o put_v to_o death_n king_n ptolemy_n himself_o also_o be_v overthrow_v in_o battle_n by_o the_o river_n of_o nilus_n vanish_v away_o and_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o after_o theodotus_n the_o rhetorician_n escape_v caesar_n hand_n and_o wander_v up_o and_o down_o egypt_n in_o great_a misery_n despise_v of_o every_o man_n afterward_o marcus_n brutus_n who_o slay_v caesar_n conquer_a asia_n meet_v with_o he_o by_o chance_n and_o put_v he_o to_o all_o the_o torment_n he_o can_v possible_o devise_v at_o the_o length_n slay_v he_o the_o ash_n of_o pompey_n body_n be_v afterward_o bring_v unto_o his_o wife_n cornelia_n who_o bury_v they_o in_o a_o town_n of_o she_o by_o the_o city_n of_o alba._n and_o have_v in_o this_o manner_n pay_v the_o tribute_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v exact_a est_fw-la the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n do_v free_a his_o sepulchre_n from_o any_o further_a disturbance_n mortalium_fw-la ubi_fw-la corpus_fw-la demortui_fw-la hominis_fw-la condas_fw-la sacer_fw-la esto_fw-la let_v that_o place_n be_v sacred_a â—_o where_o the_o body_n of_o a_o dead_a man_n be_v bury_v only_o this_o may_v be_v add_v 100_o that_o as_o fabius_n be_v call_v maximus_n scipio_n magnus_n and_o pompey_n magnus_n which_o title_n they_o carry_v as_o mark_n of_o special_a nobleness_n to_o raise_v they_o above_o the_o common_a worth_n of_o man_n so_o their_o end_n make_v they_o even_o with_o the_o low_a of_o the_o state_n according_a to_o that_o of_o seneca_n intervallis_fw-la distinguimur_fw-la exitu_fw-la aquamur_fw-la here_o we_o be_v distinguish_v by_o distance_n but_o death_n make_v we_o all_o equal_a chap._n xxxvii_o prodigious_a accident_n happen_v upon_o the_o battle_n in_o pharsalia_n caesar_n come_v into_o egypt_n caesar_n come_v into_o asia_n stile_n find_v t._n ampius_n go_v about_o to_o take_v the_o money_n out_o of_o the_o temple_n of_o diana_n at_o ephesus_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n to_o have_v call_v together_o all_o the_o senator_n that_o be_v in_o the_o province_n that_o he_o may_v use_v they_o as_o witness_n in_o the_o matter_n but_o be_v interrupt_v by_o caesar_n arrival_n he_o flee_v away_o so_o that_o two_o several_a time_n the_o money_n be_v save_v at_o ephesus_n by_o caesar_n mean_n it_o be_v further_o find_v very_o certain_a that_o in_o the_o temple_n of_o minerva_n at_o elis_n a_o just_a calculation_n of_o the_o time_n be_v take_v the_o same_o day_n that_o caesar_n overthrow_v pompey_n the_o image_n of_o victory_n which_o stand_v before_o minerva_n and_o look_v towards_o her_o portraiture_n do_v turn_v itself_o towards_o the_o portall_n and_o the_o temple-gate_n and_o the_o same_o day_n likewise_o there_o be_v such_o a_o noise_n of_o a_o army_n twice_o hear_v at_o antioch_n in_o syria_n and_o such_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n that_o the_o city_n run_v in_o arm_n to_o keep_v the_o wall_n the_o like_a happen_v at_o ptolemais_n and_o likewise_o at_o pergamus_n in_o the_o remote_a and_o hide_a place_n of_o the_o temple_n which_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d into_o which_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o enter_v but_o the_o priest_n be_v bell_n hear_v to_o ring_n beside_o at_o tralles_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o victory_n where_o they_o have_v set_v up_o a_o statue_n to_o caesar_n there_o be_v show_v a_o palmtree_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v grow_v from_o between_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o stone_n out_o of_o the_o pavement_n caesar_n stay_v a_o few_o day_n in_o asia_n hear_v that_o pompey_n be_v see_v at_o cyprus_n and_o conjecture_v he_o go_v into_o egypt_n for_o the_o amity_n and_o correspondency_n he_o have_v with_o that_o kingdom_n beside_o other_o opportunity_n of_o the_o place_n he_o come_v to_o alexandria_n with_o two_o legion_n one_o that_o he_o command_v to_o follow_v he_o out_o of_o thessaly_n and_o another_o which_o he_o have_v call_v out_o of_o achaia_n from_o fusius_fw-la a_o legate_n together_o with_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n ten_o galley_n of_o rhodes_n and_o a_o few_o ship_n of_o asia_n in_o these_o legion_n be_v not_o above_o three_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o man_n the_o rest_n be_v either_o wound_v in_o the_o sight_n or_o spend_v with_o travel_n and_o the_o length_n of_o the_o journey_n but_o caesar_n trust_v to_o the_o fame_n of_o his_o great_a exploit_n do_v not_o doubt_v to_o go_v with_o these_o weak_a force_n think_v every_o place_n will_v entertain_v he_o with_o safety_n at_o alexandria_n he_o understand_v of_o pompey_n death_n memphis_n and_o as_o he_o be_v go_v out_o of_o the_o ship_n he_o hear_v a_o clamour_n of_o the_o souldâ—ers_n which_o the_o king_n have_v leave_v to_o keep_v the_o town_n and_o see_v a_o concourse_n of_o people_n gather_v about_o he_o because_o the_o bundle_n of_o rod_n be_v carry_v before_o he_o all_o the_o multitude_n cry_v out_o that_o the_o king_n authority_n be_v diminish_v this_o tumult_n be_v appease_v there_o be_v often_o uproar_n and_o commotion_n of_o the_o people_n for_o every_o day_n after_o and_o many_o soldier_n be_v slay_v in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o city_n whereupon_o caesar_n give_v order_n for_o other_o legion_n to_o be_v bring_v he_o out_o of_o asia_n which_o he_o raise_v and_o enrol_v of_o pompey_n soldier_n he_o himself_o be_v staâ—ed_v by_o the_o wind_n call_v etesiae_n which_o be_v against_o they_o that_o sail_n from_o alexandria_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o conceive_v that_o if_o the_o controversy_n between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o sister_n do_v appertain_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n then_o consequent_o to_o he_o as_o consul_n and_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o it_o concern_v his_o office_n for_o that_o in_o his_o former_a consulship_n there_o be_v a_o league_n make_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o senate_n with_o ptolemey_n the_o father_n in_o regard_n hereof_o he_o signify_v that_o his_o pleasure_n be_v that_o both_o the_o king_n and_o his_o sister_n cleopatra_n shall_v dismiss_v their_o army_n and_o rather_o plead_v their_o cause_n before_o he_o then_o to_o decide_v it_o by_o arm_n there_o be_v at_o that_o time_n one_o photinus_n a_o eunuch_n that_o have_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o kingdom_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o the_o child_n he_o first_o begin_v to_o complain_v among_o his_o friend_n &_o to_o take_v it_o in_o scorn_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v call_v out_o to_o plead_v his_o cause_n and_o afterward_o have_v get_v some_o assistance_n of_o the_o king_n friend_n he_o draw_v the_o army_n secret_o from_o pelusium_n to_o alexandria_n and_o make_v achillas_n former_o mention_v general_n of_o all_o the_o force_n incite_v he_o forward_o as_o well_o by_o his_o own_o promise_n as_o from_o the_o king_n and_o instruct_v he_o by_o letter_n and_o messenger_n what_o he_o will_v have_v do_v ptolemey_n the_o father_n by_o his_o last_o wâ—ll_n and_o testament_n have_v leave_v for_o heir_n the_o elder_a of_o two_o son_n and_o likewise_o the_o elder_a of_o two_o daughter_n and_o for_o the_o confirmation_n thereof_o have_v in_o the_o same_o will_n charge_v and_o require_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n by_o all_o the_o god_n &_o by_o the_o league_n he_o make_v at_o rome_n to_o see_v this_o accomplish_a for_o which_o purpose_n he_o send_v a_o copy_n of_o his_o will_n to_o rome_n to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o treasury_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o public_a occasion_n that_o admit_v no_o such_o business_n for_o the_o present_a be_v leave_v with_o pompey_n and_o the_o original_a sign_v and_o seal_v up_o be_v bring_v to_o alexandria_n while_o caesar_n be_v handle_v these_o thing_n be_v very_o desirous_a to_o end_v these_o controversy_n by_o arbitrement_n it_o be_v tell_v he_o on_o a_o sudden_a that_o the_o king_n army_n and_o all_o the_o cavalry_n be_v come_v to_o caesar_n force_n be_v not_o such_o that_o he_o dare_v trust_v upon_o they_o to_o hazard_v battle_n without_o the_o town_n only_o it_o remain_v that_o he_o keep_v himself_o in_o such_o place_n as_o be_v most_o fit_a and_o convenient_a for_o he_o within_o
equal_a condition_n which_o happen_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o passage_n and_o a_o few_o of_o each_o side_n be_v slay_v caesar_n take_v in_o such_o place_n as_o be_v most_o convenient_a for_o he_o &_o fortify_v they_o in_o the_o night_n in_o this_o quarter_n of_o the_o town_n be_v contain_v a_o little_a part_n of_o the_o king_n house_n wherein_o he_o himself_o at_o his_o first_o arrival_n be_v appoint_v to_o lodge_v and_o a_o theatre_n join_v to_o the_o house_n which_o be_v in_o stead_n of_o a_o castle_n and_o have_v a_o passage_n to_o the_o port_n and_o to_o other_o part_n of_o road._n the_o day_n follow_v he_o increase_v these_o fortification_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v have_v they_o as_o a_o wall_n against_o the_o enemy_n and_o thereby_o need_v not_o fight_v against_o his_o will_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o young_a daughter_n of_o king_n ptolemey_n hope_v to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n now_o in_o question_n find_v mean_n to_o convey_v herself_o out_o of_o the_o king_n house_n to_o achillas_n and_o both_o joint_o together_o undertake_v the_o manage_n of_o that_o war_n but_o present_o there_o grow_v a_o controversy_n between_o they_o who_o shall_v command_v in_o chief_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a largess_n and_o reward_n to_o the_o soldier_n either_o of_o they_o be_v at_o great_a charge_n and_o expense_n to_o gain_v their_o good_a will_n while_o the_o enemy_n be_v busy_v in_o these_o thing_n photinus_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o young_a king_n &_o superintendent_n of_o the_o kingdom_n on_o caesar_n party_n send_v messenger_n to_o achillas_n exhort_v he_o not_o to_o desist_v in_o the_o business_n or_o to_o be_v discourage_v upon_o the_o discover_n and_o apprehension_n of_o which_o messenger_n caesar_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v slay_v and_o these_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a war_n observation_n pharus_n be_v a_o little_a island_n in_o the_o sea_n over_o against_o alexandria_n in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o ptolemy_n philadelph_n build_v a_o tower_n of_o a_o exceed_a height_n all_o of_o white_a marble_n it_o contain_v many_o stage_n and_o have_v in_o the_o top_n many_o great_a lantern_n to_o keep_v light_n in_o the_o night_n for_o a_o mark_n to_o such_o as_o be_v at_o sea_n the_o architector_n ingrave_v thereupon_o this_o inscription_n sostrate_v gâ—â—idius_n the_o son_n of_o dexiphanes_n to_o the_o god_n conservator_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o navigatour_n it_o be_v reckon_v for_o one_o of_o the_o seven_o wonder_n of_o the_o world_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v the_o temple_n of_o diana_n at_o ephesus_n the_o second_o be_v the_o sepulchre_n which_o artemisia_n queen_n of_o caria_n make_v for_o her_o husband_n mausolus_n who_o ash_n she_o drink_v the_o three_o be_v the_o colossus_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o rhodes_n the_o four_o be_v the_o wall_n of_o babylon_n the_o five_o be_v the_o pyramid_n of_o egypt_n the_o six_o be_v the_o image_n of_o jupiter_n olympius_n at_o elis_n which_o be_v make_v by_o phidias_n and_o contain_v threescore_o cubit_n in_o height_n and_o be_v all_o of_o ivory_n and_o pure_a gold_n and_o the_o seven_o be_v this_o pharus_n finis_fw-la a_o continuation_n of_o the_o war_n in_o gallia_n begin_v where_o caesar_n leave_v and_o deduce_v the_o history_n to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n write_a by_o a._n hirtius_n pansa_n with_o some_o short_a observation_n thereupon_o together_o with_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o modern_a train_n or_o tactick_a practice_n london_n print_v by_o roger_n daniel_n 1655._o the_o eight_o commentary_n of_o the_o war_n in_o gallia_n write_v by_o aulus_n hirtius_n chap._n i._n the_o gall_n raise_v new_a trouble_n in_o divers_a place_n caesar_n scatter_v and_o waste_v the_o bituriges_n and_o after_o that_o the_o carnutes_n after_o that_o all_o gallia_n be_v subdue_v forasmuch_o as_o caesar_n have_v rest_v no_o part_n of_o the_o former_a summer_n from_o war_n he_o be_v desirous_a to_o refiesh_v his_o soldier_n after_o so_o great_a pain_n take_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o winter_n season_n when_o news_n be_v bring_v he_o that_o many_o state_n at_o the_o selfsame_a time_n do_v lay_v their_o head_n together_o again_o about_o war_n and_o make_v conspiracy_n whereof_o there_o be_v report_v a_o very_a likely_a cause_n in_o that_o it_o be_v know_v to_o all_o the_o gall_n that_o there_o can_v not_o any_o power_n so_o great_a be_v assemble_v into_o one_o place_n as_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o withstand_v the_o roman_n neither_o if_o many_o state_n at_o once_o make_v war_n in_o divers_a place_n at_o one_o instant_a can_v the_o army_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v sufficient_a either_o of_o aid_n or_o of_o time_n or_o of_o man_n of_o war_n to_o pursue_v all_o at_o once_o and_o there_o ought_v not_o any_o state_n to_o refuse_v the_o lot_n of_o their_o misfortune_n if_o by_o the_o respite_n thereof_o the_o rest_n may_v set_v themselves_o at_o liberty_n the_o which_o opinion_n to_o the_o intent_n it_o shall_v not_o settle_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o gall_n caesar_n leave_v m._n antonius_n the_o quaestor_n with_o charge_n of_o his_o winter_n garrison_n go_v with_o a_o strong_a company_n of_o horseman_n the_o last_o day_n of_o december_n from_o bibracte_n to_o his_o twelve_o legion_n which_o he_o have_v place_v not_o far_o from_o the_o border_n of_o the_o hedui_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o bituriges_n and_o take_v thereunto_o the_o eleven_o legion_n which_o be_v next_o unto_o it_o leave_v two_o cohort_n to_o defend_v his_o stuff_n and_o carriage_n he_o lead_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o army_n into_o the_o most_o plentiful_a field_n of_o the_o bituriges_n the_o which_o be_v a_o large_a country_n and_o full_a of_o town_n can_v not_o be_v keep_v in_o awe_n with_o the_o garrison_n of_o one_o legion_n among_o they_o but_o that_o they_o prepare_v for_o war_n and_o make_v conspiracy_n by_o the_o sudden_a come_n of_o caesar_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v which_o must_v needs_o happen_v to_o 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consulship_n which_o obtain_v he_o carry_v himself_o in_o it_o with_o that_o reputation_n that_o his_o co-consul_n bibulus_n leave_v all_o to_o his_o managery_n to_o maintain_v the_o authority_n he_o have_v get_v he_o himself_o take_v to_o wife_n calpurnia_n the_o daughter_n of_o lucius_n piso_n who_o be_v to_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o consulate_a and_o bestow_v his_o own_o daughter_n julia_n on_o pompey_n and_o so_o take_v in_o crassus_n they_o make_v a_o league_n and_o be_v equal_o ambitious_a conspire_v to_o invade_v the_o commonwealth_n caesar_n choose_v for_o his_o province_n the_o gall_n or_o france_n crassus_n asia_n pompey_n spain_n whither_o they_o go_v with_o three_o puissant_a army_n as_o if_o the_o world_n have_v be_v to_o be_v trichotomize_v among_o these_o three_o what_o caesar_n do_v in_o his_o province_n what_o battle_n he_o fight_v what_o people_n he_o subdue_v what_o valour_n policy_n success_n follow_v he_o every_o where_o may_v be_v see_v in_o his_o own_o 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the_o league_n with_o pompey_n and_o crassus_n nay_o his_o court_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n both_o soldier_n and_o citizen_n be_v none_o of_o his_o least_o masterpiece_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o have_v supplant_v pompey_n in_o matter_n of_o esteem_n before_o he_o perceive_v it_o to_o this_o purpose_n have_v pliny_n observe_v lib._n 33._o cap._n 3._o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o aedility_n that_o be_v to_o say_v his_o shrievedome_n he_o be_v so_o prodigal_a that_o all_o the_o utensil_n and_o arm_n that_o he_o make_v use_v of_o at_o public_a sport_n and_o combat_n be_v all_o of_o silver_n which_o yet_o afterward_o be_v bestow_v among_o the_o people_n and_o that_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o bring_v forth_o the_o beast_n in_o chariot_n and_o cage_n of_o silver_n this_o it_o be_v make_v some_o suspect_v he_o guilty_a of_o rapine_n and_o that_o he_o plunder_v temple_n and_o city_n saepius_fw-la ob_fw-la praedam_fw-la quam_fw-la ob_fw-la delictum_fw-la but_o this_o 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thessaly_n egypt_n asia_n and_o africa_n through_o all_o which_o after_o it_o have_v ravage_v 5._o year_n the_o controversy_n be_v decide_v in_o spain_n that_o ambition_n the_o imperfection_n only_o of_o the_o great_a mind_n may_v have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o so_o inveterate_a a_o war_n have_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o divers_a other_o who_o charge_v not_o pompey_n with_o so_o great_a discovery_n of_o it_o as_o caesar_n to_o who_o they_o assign_v a_o great_a than_o the_o empire_n as_o if_o their_o mutual_a distrust_n and_o jealousy_n of_o one_o another_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o cause_v so_o many_o tragedy_n through_o so_o many_o country_n beside_o caesar_n have_v his_o enemy_n at_o rome_n and_o among_o other_o cato_n who_o threaten_v to_o impeach_v he_o when_o he_o be_v once_o out_o of_o command_n what_o bandy_n there_o be_v against_o he_o we_o find_v somewhat_o in_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o eight_o commentary_n to_o this_o purpose_n lentulus_n and_o marcellus_n both_o of_o pompey_n faction_n be_v consul_n it_o be_v move_v in_o the_o senate_n that_o caesar_n may_v be_v call_v home_o and_o another_o send_v to_o supply_v his_o command_n of_o the_o army_n then_o in_o gallia_n since_o that_o he_o have_v write_v for_o the_o consulship_n shall_v according_a to_o law_n have_v be_v personal_o in_o rome_n caesar_n demand_v to_o be_v continue_v in_o commission_n and_o government_n and_o that_o he_o may_v demand_v the_o consulship_n absent_a this_o pompey_n oppose_v though_o he_o himself_o as_o much_o contrary_n to_o law_n have_v have_v the_o consulship_n and_o other_o dignity_n before_o he_o be_v at_o full_a age._n this_o deny_v caesar_n propose_v that_o he_o will_v come_v to_o rome_n as_o a_o private_a man_n and_o give_v over_o his_o command_n so_o that_o pompey_n quit_v his_o employment_n in_o spain_n about_o this_o the_o senate_n be_v much_o divide_v cicero_n propose_v a_o mediation_n but_o pompey_n party_n prevail_v it_o be_v decree_v that_o caesar_n shall_v by_o a_o certain_a time_n quit_v his_o command_n and_o shall_v not_o pass_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n rubicon_n which_o bound_v his_o province_n declare_v he_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o roman_a state_n in_o case_n of_o refusal_n c._n curio_n and_o m._n antonius_n the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n out_o of_o their_o affection_n to_o caesar_n endeavour_v to_o oppose_v this_o decree_n be_v thrust_v disgraceful_o out_o of_o the_o senate_n which_o occasion_v they_o to_o repair_v to_o caesar_n whereby_o they_o endear_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o soldiery_n to_o he_o the_o office_n of_o the_o tribune_n be_v ever_o hold_v sacred_a and_o unviolable_a caesar_n understanding_n how_o thing_n stand_v at_o rome_n march_v with_o 5000._o foot_n and_o 300._o horse_n to_o ravenna_n have_v command_v the_o legion_n to_o follow_v come_v to_o the_o fatal_a passage_n of_o rubicon_n he_o enter_v into_o a_o deep_a deliberation_n consider_v the_o importance_n and_o misery_n that_o may_v ensue_v that_o 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augustine_n l._n 3._o de_fw-fr c._n d._n caesar_n himself_o in_o his_o commentary_n florus_n livy_n paulus_n orosius_n eutropius_n lucan_n pliny_n de_fw-fr viris_fw-la illustribus_fw-la valerius_n maximus_n etc._n etc._n have_v pass_v the_o river_n and_o draw_v the_o army_n together_o the_o tribunes_z come_v to_o he_o in_o those_o dishonourable_a garment_n wherein_o they_o have_v flee_v from_o rome_n whereupon_o he_o make_v a_o excellent_a oration_n to_o the_o soldiery_n open_v to_o they_o his_o cause_n which_o be_v answer_v with_o general_a acclamation_n and_o promise_n of_o duty_n and_o obedience_n to_o all_o command_n this_o do_v he_o seize_v ariminum_n and_o divers_a other_o town_n and_o castle_n as_o he_o pass_v till_o he_o come_v to_o corfinium_n where_o domitius_n who_o be_v to_o succeed_v he_o in_o his_o command_n be_v garrison_v with_o 30._o cohort_n caesar_n advance_n and_o intention_n astonish_v rome_n senate_n and_o people_n nay_o
in_o the_o further_a part_n of_o the_o near_a province_n into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o vocontii_n a_o people_n of_o the_o further_a province_n from_o whence_o he_o lead_v they_o into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o allobroges_n and_o so_o unto_o the_o sabusians_n that_o be_v the_o first_o beyond_o the_o rhone_n border_v upon_o the_o province_n by_o that_o time_n the_o helvetian_o have_v carry_v their_o force_n through_o the_o straits_n and_o frontier_n of_o the_o sequans_n into_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o heduan_o and_o begin_v to_o forage_v and_o pillage_v their_o country_n who_o find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o make_v resistance_n send_v messenger_n to_o caesar_n to_o require_v aid_n show_v their_o desert_n to_o be_v such_o from_o time_n to_o time_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o may_v challenge_v a_o great_a respect_n then_o to_o have_v their_o country_n spoil_v their_o child_n lead_v into_o captivity_n their_o town_n assault_v and_o take_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n at_o the_o same_o instant_n likewise_o the_o ambarri_n that_o have_v dependency_n and_o alliance_n with_o the_o heduan_o advise_v caesar_n that_o their_o country_n be_v utter_o waste_v and_o they_o sâ—arce_o able_a to_o keep_v the_o enemy_n from_o enter_v their_o town_n in_o like_a manner_n also_o the_o allobroges_n that_o have_v farm_n and_o possession_n beyond_o the_o rhone_n flee_v direct_o to_o caesar_n complain_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v they_o but_o the_o soil_n of_o their_o country_n with_o which_o advertisement_n caesar_n be_v so_o move_v that_o he_o think_v it_o not_o convenient_a to_o linger_v further_o or_o expect_v until_o the_o fortune_n of_o their_o ally_n be_v all_o waste_v and_o that_o the_o helvetian_o be_v come_v unto_o the_o santonâ—s_n the_o river_n ne_fw-fr arar_n that_o run_v through_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o heduan_o and_o sequans_n into_o the_o rhone_n pass_v away_o with_o such_o a_o stillnesse_n that_o by_o 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providence_n of_o the_o god_n that_o part_n of_o the_o helvetian_a state_n which_o give_v so_o great_a a_o blow_n to_o the_o roman_a people_n be_v the_o first_o that_o do_v penance_n for_o the_o same_o wherein_o caesar_n take_v revenge_v not_o only_o of_o the_o public_a but_o of_o his_o particular_a loss_n too_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o tigurine_n have_v in_o that_o battle_n with_o cassius_n slay_v l._n piso_n the_o grandfather_n of_o l._n piso_n his_o father_n in_o law_n the_o first_o observation_n this_o defeat_n be_v chief_o a_o service_n of_o execution_n upon_o such_o as_o be_v take_v at_o a_o dangerous_a disadvantage_n which_o man_n call_v unaware_o contain_v these_o two_o advisoe_n first_o not_o to_o neglect_v that_o advantage_n which_o sertorius_n by_o the_o hair_n of_o his_o horse_n tail_n have_v prove_v to_o be_v very_o important_a that_o beginning_n with_o a_o part_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o no_o difficulty_n to_o overcome_v the_o whole_a second_o it_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o caveat_n so_o to_o transport_v a_o army_n over_o a_o water_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v within_o a_o reasonable_a march_n that_o no_o part_n may_v be_v so_o sever_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o army_n that_o advantage_n may_v thereby_o be_v take_v to_o cut_v they_o off_o altogether_o and_o separate_v they_o from_o themselves_o the_o safe_a and_o most_o honourable_a way_n to_o transport_v a_o army_n over_o a_o river_n be_v by_o a_o bridge_n place_v at_o each_o end_n sufficient_a troop_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n to_o defend_v the_o army_n from_o sudden_a assault_n as_o they_o pass_v over_o the_o water_n and_o thus_o go_v caesar_n over_o the_o rhine_n into_o germany_n two_o several_a time_n the_o second_o observation_n concern_v the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n watch_n when_o caesar_n go_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n which_o be_v note_v to_o be_v in_o the_o three_o watch_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o roman_n divide_v the_o whole_a night_n into_o four_o watch_n every_o watch_n contain_v three_o hour_n and_o these_o watch_n be_v distinguish_v by_o several_a note_n and_o sound_n of_o cornet_n or_o trumpet_n that_o by_o the_o distinction_n and_o diversity_n thereof_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v know_v what_o watch_n be_v found_v the_o charge_n and_o office_n of_o sound_v the_o watch_v belong_v to_o the_o chief_a centurion_n of_o a_o legion_n who_o they_o call_v primipilus_fw-la or_o primus_fw-la centurio_n at_o who_o pavilion_n the_o trumpeter_n attend_v to_o be_v direct_v by_o his_o hourglass_n the_o first_o watch_n begin_v always_o at_o sunne-setting_a and_o continue_v three_o hour_n i_o understand_v such_o hour_n as_o the_o night_n contain_v be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o for_o the_o roman_n divide_v their_o night_n as_o well_o as_o their_o day_n into_o twelve_o equal_a space_n which_o they_o call_v hour_n the_o second_o watch_n continue_v until_o midnight_n and_o then_o the_o three_o watch_n begin_v and_o contain_v likewise_o three_o hour_n the_o four_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o rest_n and_o continue_v until_o sunrising_a so_o that_o by_o this_o phrase_n de_fw-fr tertia_fw-la vigilia_fw-la we_o understand_v that_o caesar_n go_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n in_o the_o three_o watch_n which_o be_v after_o midnight_n and_o so_o we_o must_v conceive_v of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o watch_n as_o often_o as_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o mention_v in_o history_n chap._n v._n caesar_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n arar_n his_o horseman_n encounter_v with_o the_o helvetian_o and_o be_v put_v to_o the_o worse_o after_o this_o overthrow_n he_o cause_v a_o bridge_n to_o be_v make_v over_o the_o river_n arar_n caesar_n and_o carry_v over_o his_o army_n to_o pursue_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o helvetian_a force_n the_o helvetian_o much_o daunt_v at_o his_o sudden_a come_n that_o have_v get_v over_o the_o river_n in_o one_o day_n which_o they_o can_v scarce_o do_v in_o twenty_o send_v ambassador_n unto_o he_o of_o who_o divico_n be_v chief_a that_o command_v the_o helvetian_o in_o the_o war_n against_o cassius_n who_o deal_v with_o caesar_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o if_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n will_v make_v peace_n with_o the_o helvetian_o they_o will_v go_v into_o any_o part_n which_o caesar_n shall_v appoint_v they_o but_o if_o otherwise_o he_o will_v prosecute_v war_n that_o he_o shall_v remember_v the_o overthrow_n which_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n receive_v by_o their_o valour_n and_o not_o to_o attribute_v it_o to_o their_o own_o worth_n that_o they_o have_v surprise_v at_o unaware_o a_o part_n of_o their_o army_n when_o such_o as_o have_v pass_v the_o river_n can_v not_o come_v to_o succour_v they_o they_o have_v learn_v of_o their_o forefather_n to_o contend_v rather_o by_o valour_n then_o by_o craft_n and_o device_n and_o therefore_o let_v he_o beware_v that_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o now_o be_v do_v not_o get_v a_o name_n or_o carry_v the_o mark_n to_o all_o future_a age_n of_o a_o eminent_a calamity_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o the_o utter_a destruction_n of_o his_o army_n to_o this_o caesar_n answer_v that_o he_o make_v the_o less_o doubt_n of_o the_o success_n of_o these_o business_n in_o that_o he_o well_o remember_v and_o know_v those_o thing_n which_o the_o helvetian_a commissioner_n have_v relate_v and_o be_v so_o much_o the_o rather_o grieve_v thereat_o because_o it_o happen_v without_o any_o cause_n or_o desert_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n who_o if_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o wrong_n do_v unto_o they_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o no_o difficulty_n to_o beware_v of_o their_o practice_n but_o therein_o be_v his_o error_n that_o he_o can_v think_v of_o nothing_o which_o he_o have_v commit_v that_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o fear_v neither_o can_v he_o fear_v without_o occasion_n and_o if_o he_o will_v let_v pass_v former_a insolence_n can_v he_o forget_v
those_o late_a and_o fresh_a injury_n for_o that_o they_o have_v attempt_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o province_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n sack_v and_o pillage_v the_o heduan_o ambaâ—s_n and_o allobrogian_o that_o do_v so_o insolent_o vaunt_v of_o their_o victory_n admire_v that_o these_o injury_n be_v suffer_v so_o long_a time_n to_o rest_v unrevenged_a come_v all_o in_o the_o end_n to_o one_o pass_n for_o the_o immortal_a god_n be_v go_v sometime_o to_o give_v happiness_n and_o long_a impunity_n to_o man_n that_o by_o the_o great_a alteration_n of_o thing_n the_o punishment_n shall_v be_v the_o more_o grievous_a for_o their_o offence_n howbeit_o if_o they_o will_v give_v hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v agree_v upon_o and_o satisfy_v the_o heduan_o and_o allobrogian_o together_o with_o their_o ally_n for_o the_o injury_n they_o have_v do_v unto_o they_o he_o will_v be_v content_a to_o make_v peace_n with_o they_o divico_n reply_v that_o they_o be_v teach_v by_o their_o ancestor_n to_o take_v hostage_n rather_o than_o to_o give_v they_o whereof_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n be_v witness_n and_o thereupon_o depart_v the_o next_o day_n they_o remove_v the_o camp_n and_o the_o like_a do_v caesar_n send_v all_o his_o horse_n before_o to_o the_o number_n of_o four_o thousand_o which_o he_o have_v raise_v in_o the_o province_n and_o draw_v from_o the_o heduan_o and_o their_o associate_n to_o understand_v which_o way_n the_o enemy_n take_v who_o prosecute_n the_o rearward_n overhot_o be_v force_v to_o undertake_v the_o helvetian_a cavalry_n in_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n and_o thereby_o lose_v some_o few_o of_o their_o company_n the_o enemy_n make_v proud_a with_o that_o encounter_n have_v with_o five_o hundred_o horse_n beat_v so_o great_a a_o multitude_n do_v afterward_o make_v head_n with_o more_o assurance_n and_o sometime_o stick_v not_o to_o â—ally_v out_o of_o the_o rearward_n and_o assault_v our_o party_n caesar_n keep_v back_o his_o man_n from_o fight_v and_o hold_v it_o enough_o for_o the_o present_a to_o keep_v the_o enemy_n from_o spoil_v and_o harry_v the_o country_n and_o go_v on_o for_o fifteen_o day_n together_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o there_o be_v but_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n between_o the_o first_o troop_n of_o our_o army_n and_o the_o rearward_n of_o they_o observation_n this_o example_n of_o the_o helvetian_o may_v lesson_n a_o commander_n not_o to_o wax_v insolent_a upon_o every_o overthrow_n which_o the_o enemy_n take_v but_o due_o to_o weigh_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o a_o victory_n get_v or_o a_o overthrow_n take_v that_o apprehend_v the_o right_a current_n of_o the_o action_n he_o may_v neither_o vaunt_v of_o a_o blind_a victory_n nor_o be_v dismay_v at_o a_o casual_a mishap_n and_o herein_o let_v a_o heedful_a wariness_n so_o moderate_a the_o sequels_fw-fr of_o victory_n in_o a_o triumph_a spirit_n that_o the_o care_n and_o jealousy_n to_o keep_v still_o that_o sweet-sounding_a fame_n on_o foot_n may_v as_o far_o surpass_v the_o industry_n which_o he_o first_o use_v to_o obtain_v it_o as_o the_o continuance_n of_o happiness_n do_v exceed_v the_o beginning_n of_o good_a fortune_n for_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o soul_n that_o although_o from_o her_o infancy_n even_o to_o the_o manhood_n of_o her_o age_n she_o never_o find_v want_n of_o that_o which_o she_o lust_v after_o yet_o when_o she_o meet_v with_o a_o counterbuff_n to_o check_v her_o appetite_n and_o restrain_v her_o affection_n from_o their_o satisfaction_n she_o be_v as_o much_o trouble_v in_o that_o want_n as_o if_o she_o have_v never_o receive_v any_o contentment_n at_o all_o for_o our_o will_n to_o every_o object_n which_o it_o seek_v after_o beget_v always_o a_o new_a appetite_n which_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o a_o former_a quittance_n but_o either_o seek_v present_a payment_n or_o return_v discontentment_n unto_o the_o mind_n and_o as_o our_o soul_n be_v of_o a_o everlasting_a be_v and_o can_v think_v of_o a_o end_n to_o her_o beginning_n so_o she_o seek_v a_o perpetual_a continuance_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o she_o lust_v after_o which_o he_o that_o mean_v to_o hold_v fortune_n his_o friend_n will_v endeavour_v to_o maintain_v chap._n vi_o caesar_n send_v to_o get_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o so_o to_o give_v the_o helvetian_o battle_n but_o be_v put_v off_o by_o false_a intelligence_n the_o opportunity_n be_v lose_v he_o intend_v provision_n of_o corn._n in_o the_o mean_a time_n caesar_n press_v the_o heduan_o from_o day_n to_o day_n to_o bring_v in_o corn_n caesar_n according_a to_o their_o promise_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a temperature_n of_o gallia_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o northward_o it_o happen_v not_o only_o that_o the_o corn_n be_v far_o from_o be_v ripe_a but_o also_o that_o there_o be_v scarce_o forage_v for_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o provision_n which_o be_v bring_v along_o the_o river_n arar_n stand_v he_o in_o small_a stead_n at_o that_o time_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o helvetian_o have_v take_v their_o journey_n clean_o from_o the_o river_n and_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n forsake_v they_o the_o heduan_o put_v it_o off_o from_o one_o day_n to_o another_o give_v out_o still_o it_o be_v upon_o come_v but_o when_o caesar_n find_v the_o matter_n so_o long_o delay_v and_o that_o the_o day_n of_o meet_v out_o corn_n to_o the_o soldier_n be_v at_o hand_n call_v before_o he_o the_o chief_a prince_n of_o the_o heduan_o of_o who_o he_o have_v great_a number_n in_o his_o camp_n and_o among_o they_o divitiacus_n and_o liscus_n who_o for_o that_o time_n be_v the_o sovereign_a magistrate_n which_o they_o call_v vergobret_n be_v yearly_o create_v and_o have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n he_o do_v great_o blame_v they_o that_o he_o be_v not_o supply_v with_o corn_n from_o they_o the_o enemy_n be_v so_o near_o and_o in_o so_o needful_a a_o time_n that_o it_o can_v neither_o be_v buy_v for_o money_n nor_o have_v out_o of_o the_o field_n especial_o when_o for_o their_o sake_n and_o at_o their_o request_n he_o have_v undertake_v that_o war_n whereat_o he_o be_v the_o rather_o grieve_v because_o he_o find_v himself_o forsake_v of_o they_o at_o length_n liscus_n move_v with_o caesar_n speech_n discover_v which_o before_o he_o have_v keep_v secret_a that_o there_o be_v some_o of_o great_a authority_n among_o the_o commons_o and_o can_v do_v more_o be_v private_a person_n than_o they_o can_v do_v be_v magistrate_n these_o by_o seditious_a and_o bad_a speech_n do_v defer_v the_o people_n from_o bring_v corn_n show_v it_o better_o for_o they_o since_o they_o can_v not_o attain_v to_o the_o empire_n of_o gallia_n to_o undergo_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o gall_n than_o the_o roman_n for_o they_o be_v not_o to_o doubt_v but_o if_o the_o roman_n vanquish_v the_o helvetian_o they_o will_v bereave_v the_o heduan_o of_o their_o liberty_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o all_o gallia_n by_o these_o man_n be_v our_o deliberation_n and_o counsel_n or_o whatsoever_o else_o be_v do_v in_o the_o camp_n make_v know_v to_o the_o enemy_n â—hat_n they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v they_o in_o obedience_n that_o he_o know_v well_o withal_o what_o danger_n he_o fall_v into_o by_o acquaint_v caesar_n with_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n he_o have_v keep_v they_o from_o he_o so_o long_o caesar_n perceive_v that_o dumnorix_n divitiacus_n brother_n be_v shoot_v at_o by_o this_o speech_n of_o liscus_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o will_v not_o have_v those_o thing_n handle_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o so_o many_o he_o speedy_o braâ—e_v off_o the_o council_n &_o retain_v liscus_n ask_v private_o after_o those_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v deliver_v in_o the_o assembly_n whereunto_o he_o speak_v more_o free_o and_o bold_o then_o before_o and_o inquire_v secret_o of_o other_o he_o find_v it_o to_o be_v true_a that_o dumnorix_n be_v of_o great_a courage_n &_o singular_o favour_v for_o his_o liberality_n of_o the_o common_a people_n desirous_a of_o novelty_n and_o change_n and_o for_o many_o year_n have_v keep_v at_o a_o low_a rate_n the_o tax_n and_o imposition_n of_o the_o heduan_o forasmuch_o as_o no_o man_n dare_v contradict_v what_o he_o will_v have_v do_v by_o which_o course_n he_o have_v increase_v his_o private_a estate_n and_o get_v great_a mean_n to_o be_v liberal_a for_o a_o great_a number_n of_o horseman_n do_v only_o live_v upon_o his_o entertainment_n and_o be_v continual_o about_o he_o be_v not_o only_o powerful_a at_o home_n but_o abroad_o also_o among_o divers_a of_o the_o neighbour_n state_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n have_v marry_v his_o mother_n to_o a_o great_a rich_a man_n and_o of_o a_o noble_a house_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o bituriges_n himself_o have_v take_v a_o wife_n of_o
and_o twenty_o thousand_o with_o these_o the_o hedui_n and_o their_o client_n have_v once_o or_o often_o fight_v but_o the_o success_n sort_v to_o their_o own_o calamity_n and_o the_o utter_a overthrow_n of_o their_o nobility_n and_o senate_n with_o which_o loss_n they_o be_v so_o break_v and_o decay_a that_o whereas_o heretofore_o as_o well_o by_o their_o own_o credit_n as_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n they_o strike_v a_o great_a stroke_n throughout_o all_o gallia_n they_o be_v now_o drive_v to_o deliver_v the_o chief_a of_o their_o state_n as_o pledge_n to_o the_o sequans_n and_o to_o bind_v themselves_o by_o oath_n never_o to_o seek_v their_o release_n or_o freedom_n nor_o to_o implore_v the_o aid_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n nor_o to_o seek_v mean_n to_o free_v themselves_o from_o their_o sovereignty_n only_o himself_o of_o all_o the_o heduan_o can_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o take_v that_o oath_n or_o to_o give_v his_o child_n as_o hostage_n for_o which_o cause_n he_o flee_v to_o rome_n and_o beseech_v help_v of_o the_o senate_n be_v no_o way_n oblige_v to_o the_o contrary_a either_o by_o oath_n or_o hostage_n but_o it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o victory_n become_v more_o grievous_a to_o the_o sequans_n then_o to_o the_o heduan_o for_o that_o ariovistus_n king_n of_o the_o german_n be_v plant_v in_o their_o territory_n and_o be_v already_o possess_v of_o a_o three_o part_n of_o their_o country_n which_o be_v the_o best_a part_n of_o all_o gallia_n do_v now_o require_v the_o sequans_n to_o forgo_v another_o three_o part_n for_o that_o a_o few_o month_n before_o there_o be_v come_v unto_o he_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o harudes_n to_o who_o land_n and_o possession_n be_v to_o be_v allot_v whereby_o it_o will_v come_v to_o pass_v within_o a_o few_o year_n that_o all_o the_o gall_n will_v be_v drive_v out_o of_o their_o dwelling_n and_o all_o the_o german_n will_v come_v over_o the_o rhine_n for_o there_o be_v no_o comparison_n between_o gallia_n and_o germany_n either_o in_o richness_n of_o soil_n or_o fashion_n of_o life_n concern_v ariovistus_n after_o he_o have_v once_o defeat_v the_o gall_n in_o a_o battle_n near_o amagetobrig_n he_o carry_v himself_o very_o cruel_o and_o insolent_o require_v the_o child_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n for_o hostage_n and_o show_v strange_a example_n of_o torture_n upon_o they_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v not_o according_a to_o his_o command_n or_o desire_n he_o will_v easy_o show_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o barbarous_a fierce_a and_o hasty_a man_n who_o tyranny_n they_o can_v no_o long_o endure_v and_o unless_o there_o be_v help_v to_o be_v find_v in_o caesar_n and_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n all_o the_o gall_n must_v as_o the_o helvetian_o do_v forsake_v their_o country_n and_o seek_v new_a house_n and_o seat_n of_o habitation_n far_o remote_a from_o the_o german_n and_o try_v their_o fortune_n whatever_o befall_v they_o if_o these_o thing_n shall_v haply_o be_v discover_v to_o ariovistus_n he_o will_v doubtless_o take_v a_o severe_a revenge_n of_o all_o the_o pledge_n in_o his_o custody_n caesar_n may_v by_o his_o own_o authority_n or_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o army_n or_o by_o the_o renown_n of_o his_o late_a victory_n or_o by_o the_o countenance_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n keep_v the_o german_n from_o transport_v any_o more_o colony_n into_o gallia_n and_o defend_v it_o from_o the_o injury_n of_o ariovistus_n this_o speech_n be_v deliver_v by_o divitiacus_n all_o that_o be_v present_a with_o much_o weep_n beseech_v caesar_n to_o give_v they_o relief_n caesar_n observe_v that_o only_o the_o sequans_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n do_v no_o such_o matter_n or_o be_v so_o affect_v as_o the_o other_o be_v but_o with_o their_o head_n hang_v down_o look_v mournful_o upon_o the_o ground_n and_o wonder_v at_o it_o ask_v they_o the_o cause_n thereof_o to_o which_o they_o make_v no_o reply_n but_o stand_v silent_a with_o the_o same_o countenance_n of_o sorrow_n and_o have_v oftentimes_o iterate_v his_o demand_n without_o gain_v any_o word_n of_o answer_n divitiacus_n the_o heduan_n reply_v that_o the_o state_n of_o the_o sequans_n be_v herein_o more_o miserable_a and_o grievous_a than_o the_o rest_n that_o they_o of_o all_o other_o dare_v not_o complain_v or_o implore_v aid_n although_o it_o be_v in_o secret_a as_o have_v before_o their_o eye_n the_o cruelty_n of_o ariovistus_n be_v absent_a no_o less_o then_o if_o he_o be_v present_a and_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o other_o man_n have_v safe_a mean_n of_o fly_v away_o but_o the_o sequans_n have_v receive_v ariovistus_n into_o their_o country_n and_o make_v he_o master_n of_o their_o town_n be_v necessary_o to_o undergo_v all_o misery_n these_o thing_n be_v know_v caesar_n encourage_v the_o gall_n with_o good_a word_n and_o promise_v they_o to_o have_v a_o care_n of_o that_o matter_n as_o have_v great_a hope_n that_o by_o his_o mean_n and_o power_n ariovistus_n shall_v be_v force_v to_o offer_v no_o further_a injury_n and_o thereupon_o dismiss_v the_o council_n observation_n in_o this_o relation_n there_o be_v divers_a point_n worthy_o recommend_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o such_o as_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v direct_v by_o other_o man_n misadventure_n as_o first_o into_o what_o extremity_n ambition_n do_v drive_v her_o thirsty_a favourite_n by_o suppress_v the_o better_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o set_v such_o unbridled_a motion_n on_o foot_n as_o carry_v man_n headlong_o into_o most_o desperate_a attempt_n for_o as_o it_o have_v deserve_v commendation_n in_o either_o faction_n so_o to_o have_v carry_v their_o emulation_n that_o by_o their_o own_o mean_n and_o strength_n apply_v to_o the_o rule_n of_o good_a government_n their_o authority_n may_v whole_o have_v sway_v the_o inclination_n of_o the_o weak_a state_n so_o be_v it_o most_o odious_a in_o the_o sequani_n to_o call_v in_o foreign_a force_n to_o satisfy_v the_o appetite_n of_o their_o untempered_a humour_n and_o in_o the_o end_n they_o be_v according_o reward_v second_o it_o appear_v how_o dangerous_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o stranger_n a_o stickler_n in_o a_o quarrel_n which_o civil_a dissension_n have_v broach_v when_o the_o party_n that_o call_v he_o in_o shall_v not_o be_v as_o able_a to_o refuse_v his_o assistance_n upon_o occasion_n as_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o entertain_v it_o for_o advantage_n last_o the_o often_o discontent_v of_o these_o state_n show_v the_o force_n of_o a_o present_a evil_n which_o possess_v so_o vehement_o the_o power_n of_o the_o soul_n that_o any_o other_o calamity_n either_o already_o past_a or_o yet_o to_o come_v how_o great_a soever_o seem_v tolerable_a and_o easy_a in_o regard_n of_o that_o smart_n which_o the_o present_a grief_n inflict_v so_o the_o sequani_n choose_v rather_o to_o captivate_v their_o liberty_n to_o the_o barbarism_n of_o a_o savage_a nation_n then_o to_o endure_v the_o hedui_n to_o take_v the_o hand_n of_o they_o and_o again_o to_o make_v themselves_o vassal_n to_o the_o roman_n rather_o than_o endure_v the_o usurp_a cruelty_n of_o the_o german_n and_o final_o as_o the_o sequel_n of_o the_o history_n will_v discover_v to_o hazard_v the_o loss_n of_o life_n and_o country_n then_o to_o suffer_v the_o tax_n and_o imposition_n of_o the_o roman_n so_o predominant_a be_v the_o present_a evil_n in_o man_n affection_n and_o so_o it_o prevail_v at_o the_o seat_n of_o our_o judgement_n chap._n xiii_o the_o reason_n that_o move_v caesar_n to_o undertake_v this_o war_n many_o be_v the_o inducement_n which_o move_v he_o to_o take_v that_o business_n to_o heart_n caesar_n as_o first_o that_o the_o heduan_o who_o be_v oftentimes_o style_v by_o the_o senate_n with_o the_o title_n of_o brethren_n cousin_n and_o ally_n be_v in_o the_o servitude_n and_o thraldom_n of_o the_o german_n and_o that_o their_o hostage_n be_v with_o ariovistus_n and_o the_o sequans_n which_o in_o so_o great_a a_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n he_o take_v to_o be_v very_o dishonourable_a both_o to_o himself_o and_o the_o commonweal_n as_o also_o for_o that_o he_o see_v it_o very_o dangerous_a for_o the_o roman_a empire_n that_o the_o german_n shall_v accustom_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o stock_n in_o such_o multitude_n into_o gallia_n neither_o do_v he_o think_v he_o can_v moderate_v or_o restrain_v such_o fierce_a and_o barbarous_a people_n but_o that_o have_v possess_v all_o the_o continent_n of_o gallia_n they_o will_v as_o the_o cimbri_n and_o teuton_n have_v do_v before_o break_v out_o into_o the_o province_n and_o so_o into_o italy_n especial_o the_o sequans_n be_v divide_v from_o the_o province_n but_o with_o the_o river_n rhone_n these_o thing_n he_o think_v fit_a with_o all_o speed_n to_o prevent_v and_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o ariovistus_n be_v grow_v
by_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o speech_n to_o restore_v reason_n to_o her_o former_a dignity_n and_o by_o discourse_n which_o fear_n have_v interrupt_v in_o they_o to_o put_v down_o a_o usurp_a passion_n which_o have_v so_o trouble_v the_o government_n of_o the_o soul_n recall_v it_o to_o the_o mean_a of_o true_a resolution_n which_o be_v to_o moderate_a audacity_n with_o wariness_n but_o not_o to_o choke_v valour_n with_o beastly_a cowardice_n for_o these_o oratory_n induce_v persuasion_n be_v not_o the_o least_o point_n of_o their_o discipline_n consider_v how_o they_o frame_v the_o inward_a habit_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v the_o fountain_n and_o beginning_n of_o all_o motion_n to_o give_v life_n and_o force_n to_o those_o action_n which_o the_o severity_n of_o outward_a discipline_n command_v for_o as_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o man_n enforce_v obedience_n of_o the_o body_n so_o reason_n and_o persuasion_n must_v win_v the_o soul_n consent_n according_a to_o that_o say_n homines_fw-la duci_fw-la volunt_fw-la non_fw-la cogi_fw-la chap._n xvi_o caesar_n his_o speech_n to_o the_o army_n concern_v this_o fear_n caesar_n be_v inform_v of_o these_o thing_n caesar_n call_v a_o council_n of_o war_n admit_v all_o the_o centurion_n of_o what_o degree_n or_o order_n soever_o unto_o the_o same_o and_o be_v thus_o assemble_v he_o great_o blame_v they_o first_o that_o any_o shall_v be_v so_o inquisitive_a as_o to_o imagine_v to_o themselves_o whither_o &_o upon_o what_o service_n they_o be_v carry_v concern_v ariovistus_n he_o have_v in_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n consulship_n most_o earnest_o sue_v for_o the_o friendship_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o why_o then_o shall_v any_o man_n misdeem_v that_o he_o shall_v so_o unadvised_o go_v back_o from_o his_o duty_n for_o his_o own_o part_n he_o be_v very_o persuade_v that_o if_o ariovistus_n once_o know_v his_o demand_n and_o understand_v the_o reasonable_a offer_n that_o he_o will_v make_v he_o he_o will_v not_o easy_o reject_v his_o friendship_n or_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n but_o if_o he_o be_v so_o mad_a as_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o why_o shall_v they_o fear_v he_o or_o why_o shall_v they_o despair_v either_o of_o their_o own_o prowess_n or_o of_o caesar_n diligence_n for_o if_o it_o come_v to_o that_o point_n the_o enemy_n that_o they_o be_v to_o encounter_v have_v be_v try_v what_o he_o can_v do_v twice_o before_o first_o in_o the_o memory_n of_o their_o father_n when_o the_o cambri_n and_o teutons_n be_v vanquish_v by_o marius_n at_o what_o time_n the_o army_n merit_v no_o less_o honour_n than_o the_o general_n and_o now_o of_o late_a again_o in_o italy_n at_o the_o insurrection_n of_o the_o bondman_n who_o be_v not_o a_o little_a further_v through_o the_o practice_n and_o discipline_n they_o have_v learn_v of_o the_o roman_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v discern_v how_o good_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v to_o be_v constant_a and_o resolute_a insomuch_o as_o who_o for_o a_o time_n they_o fear_v without_o cause_n be_v naked_a and_o unarmed_a the_o same_o man_n afterward_o although_o well_o arm_v and_o conqueror_n withal_o they_o noble_o overcome_v and_o to_o be_v short_a these_o be_v no_o other_o german_n than_o those_o who_o the_o helvetian_o have_v vanquish_v in_o divers_a conflict_n and_o not_o only_o in_o their_o own_o country_n where_o the_o helvetian_o dwell_v themselves_o but_o also_o even_o at_o home_n at_o their_o own_o door_n and_o yet_o the_o same_o helvetian_o be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v their_o party_n good_a against_o our_o army_n if_o any_o man_n be_v move_v at_o the_o flight_n and_o overthrow_v of_o the_o gall_n upon_o inquiry_n he_o shall_v find_v that_o be_v weary_v with_o continual_a war_n after_o that_o aâ—â—ovistus_n have_v for_o many_o month_n together_o keep_v himself_o within_o his_o camp_n in_o a_o boggy_a and_o fenny_a country_n and_o despair_v of_o any_o occasion_n of_o battle_n he_o sudden_o set_v upon_o they_o as_o they_o be_v disperse_v and_o so_o overcome_v they_o rather_o by_o policy_n then_o by_o force_n which_o although_o it_o take_v place_n against_o savage_a and_o unskilful_a people_n yet_o be_v not_o ariovistus_n so_o simple_a as_o to_o think_v that_o he_o can_v ensnare_v our_o army_n with_o the_o like_a subtlety_n as_o for_o those_o that_o feign_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o fear_n to_o be_v the_o difficulty_n of_o provision_n of_o corn_n and_o the_o dangerousnesse_n of_o the_o way_n they_o seem_v very_o arrogant_a in_o their_o conceit_n in_o presume_v to_o direct_v their_o general_n as_o if_o he_o have_v not_o know_v what_o pertain_v to_o his_o duty_n the_o sequans_n and_o lingon_n have_v undertake_v that_o charge_n beside_o that_o corn_n be_v almost_o ripe_a every_o where_o in_o the_o field_n and_o what_o the_o way_n be_v shall_v short_o be_v see_v whereas_o it_o be_v give_v out_o that_o the_o soldier_n will_v not_o obey_v his_o mandate_n nor_o advance_v their_o standard_n he_o little_o value_v it_o for_o he_o be_v well_o assure_v that_o if_o a_o army_n refuse_v to_o be_v obedient_a to_o their_o general_n it_o be_v either_o because_o he_o be_v think_v to_o be_v unfortunate_a in_o his_o enterprise_n or_o else_o for_o that_o he_o be_v notorious_o convict_v of_o avarice_n but_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n shall_v witness_v his_o innocency_n and_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o helvetian_o his_o happiness_n and_o therefore_o that_o which_o he_o be_v mind_v to_o have_v put_v off_o for_o a_o long_a time_n he_o will_v now_o put_v in_o execution_n out_o of_o hand_n for_o the_o night_n follow_v at_o the_o four_o watch_n he_o will_v dislodge_v from_o thence_o that_o without_o further_a delay_n he_o may_v understand_v whether_o shame_n and_o respect_n of_o their_o duty_n will_v prevail_v more_o with_o they_o than_o fear_n or_o cowardice_n and_o though_o he_o wist_v that_o no_o man_n else_o will_v follow_v he_o yet_o notwithstanding_o he_o will_v go_v with_o the_o ten_o legion_n alone_o of_o who_o he_o have_v no_o doubt_n or_o suspicion_n and_o will_v take_v they_o as_o a_o guard_n to_o his_o person_n caesar_n have_v chief_o favour_v this_o legion_n and_o put_v much_o trust_n in_o they_o for_o their_o valour_n upon_o the_o make_n of_o this_o speech_n the_o mind_n of_o all_o man_n be_v wonderful_o change_v for_o it_o breed_v in_o every_o one_o a_o great_a alacrity_n and_o desire_n to_o fight_v neither_o do_v the_o ten_o legion_n forget_v to_o give_v he_o thanks_o by_o their_o tribune_n for_o the_o good_a opinion_n he_o have_v of_o they_o assure_v he_o of_o their_o readiness_n to_o set_v forward_o to_o the_o war_n and_o then_o likewise_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o legion_n make_v mean_n by_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o order_n to_o give_v caesar_n satisfaction_n protest_v they_o neither_o doubt_v nor_o fear_v nor_o give_v any_o censure_n of_o the_o issue_n of_o that_o war_n but_o always_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o general_n their_o satisfaction_n be_v take_v and_o a_o view_n be_v make_v of_o the_o way_n by_o divitiacus_n who_o of_o all_o the_o gall_n he_o best_o trust_v and_o report_v be_v by_o he_o make_v that_o in_o fetch_v a_o compass_n of_o fifty_o mile_n he_o may_v carry_v his_o army_n in_o open_a and_o champain_n country_n in_o the_o four_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n according_a to_o his_o former_a say_n he_o set_v forward_o the_o first_o observation_n in_o the_o speech_n itself_o be_v present_v many_o specialty_n both_o concern_v their_o discipline_n and_o military_a instruction_n which_o deserve_v examination_n among_o which_o i_o note_v first_o the_o extraordinary_a number_n admit_v to_o the_o council_n omnium_fw-la ordinum_fw-la ad_fw-la id_fw-la concilium_fw-la adâ—ibitis_fw-la conturionibus_fw-la whereas_o there_o be_v usual_o no_o more_o admit_v to_o their_o council_n of_o war_n but_o the_o legate_n questor_n tribune_n and_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o order_n which_o i_o understand_v to_o be_v the_o first_o hastate_n the_o first_o priâ—â—eps_fw-la and_o the_o first_o piluâ—â—_n of_o every_o legion_n and_o this_o be_v manifest_o prove_v out_o of_o the_o fiâ—th_v commentary_n where_o cicero_n be_v besiege_v by_o ambiorix_n in_o which_o among_o other_o there_o be_v two_o valiant_a centurion_n puisio_n and_o varenus_n between_o who_o there_o be_v every_o year_n great_a emulation_n for_o place_n of_o preferment_n &_o jam_fw-la primis_fw-la ordâ—â—bus_fw-la 〈…〉_z say_v caesar_n that_o be_v they_o have_v pass_v by_o degree_n through_o the_o low_a order_n of_o the_o legion_n and_o be_v very_o near_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o first_o cohort_n wherein_o as_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v three_o maniple_n and_o in_o every_o maniple_a two_o order_n the_o second_o observation_n the_o first_o motive_n which_o he_o use_v to_o recall_v
to_o make_v it_o more_o plain_a of_o many_o example_n i_o will_v only_o allege_v two_o the_o one_o out_o of_o livy_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v not_o comparable_a for_o service_n to_o footman_n africano_n the_o other_o out_o of_o hirtius_n to_o show_v the_o same_o effect_n against_o stranger_n &_o numidian_a horseman_n in_o the_o consulship_n of_o l._n valerius_n and_o marcus_n horatius_n valerius_n have_v fortunate_o overthrow_v the_o equi_fw-la and_o the_o volsci_n horatius_n proceed_v with_o as_o great_a courage_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o sabine_n wherein_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o battle_n the_o sabine_n reserve_v two_o thousand_o of_o their_o man_n to_o give_v a_o fresh_a assault_n upon_o the_o left_a cornet_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o they_o be_v in_o conflict_n which_o take_v such_o effect_n that_o the_o legionary_a footman_n of_o that_o cornet_n be_v force_v to_o retreat_n which_o the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v in_o number_n six_o hundred_o perceive_v and_o not_o be_v able_a with_o their_o horse_n to_o make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n they_o present_o forsake_v their_o horse_n and_o make_v haste_n to_o make_v good_a the_o place_n on_o foot_n wherein_o they_o carry_v themselves_o so_o valiant_o that_o in_o a_o moment_n of_o time_n they_o give_v the_o like_a advantage_n to_o their_o footman_n against_o the_o sabine_n and_o then_o betake_v themselves_o again_o to_o their_o horse_n to_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n in_o chase_n as_o they_o flee_v for_o the_o second_o point_n the_o numidian_n as_o caesar_n witness_v be_v the_o best_a horseman_n that_o ever_o he_o meet_v with_o and_o use_v the_o same_o art_n as_o the_o german_n do_v mingle_v among_o they_o light-armed_n footman_n and_o ambuscado_n of_o these_o numidian_n charge_v the_o legion_n upon_o a_o sudden_a the_o history_n say_v that_o primo_fw-la impetu_fw-la legionis_fw-la equitatus_fw-la &_o levis_fw-la armatura_fw-la hostium_fw-la nullo_n negotio_fw-la loco_fw-la pulsa_fw-la &_o dejecta_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-fr coll_n and_o as_o they_o sometime_o retire_v and_o sometime_o charge_v upon_o the_o rearward_n of_o the_o army_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o numidian_a fight_n the_o history_n say_v caesariani_n interim_n non_fw-la amplius_fw-la tres_fw-la ant_n quatuor_fw-la milites_fw-la veterani_fw-la si_fw-la se_fw-la convertissent_fw-la &_o pila_fw-la viribus_fw-la contortain_v numidas_n infestos_fw-la conâ—ecissent_fw-la amplius_fw-la duorum_fw-la millium_fw-la ad_fw-la unum_fw-la terga_fw-la vertebant_fw-la so_o that_o to_o free_v himself_o of_o this_o inconvenience_n he_o take_v his_o horseman_n out_o of_o the_o rearward_n and_o place_v his_o legion_n there_o ita_fw-la vim_o hostium_fw-la per_fw-la legionarium_fw-la militem_fw-la commodius_fw-la sustinebat_fw-la and_o ever_o as_o he_o march_v he_o cause_v three_o hundred_o soldier_n of_o every_o legion_n to_o be_v free_a and_o without_o burden_n that_o they_o may_v be_v ready_a upon_o all_o occasion_n quos_fw-la in_o equitatum_fw-la labieâ—_n immisit_fw-la tum_o labienus_n conversis_fw-la equis_fw-la signorum_fw-la conspectu_fw-la perterritus_fw-la turpissime_fw-la contendit_fw-la fugere_fw-la multis_fw-la ejus_fw-la occisis_fw-la compluribus_fw-la vulneratis_fw-la milites_fw-la legionarii_fw-la ad_fw-la sua_fw-la se_fw-la recipiunt_fw-la signa_fw-la atque_fw-la iter_fw-la inceptum_fw-la ire_n coeperunt_fw-la i_o allege_v the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o history_n to_o take_v away_o all_o suspicion_n of_o falsify_v or_o wrest_v any_o thing_n to_o a_o affect_a opinion_n if_o any_o man_n will_v look_v into_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o disparity_n he_o shall_v find_v it_o to_o be_v chief_o the_o work_n of_o the_o roman_a pile_n a_o unresistable_a weapon_n and_o the_o terror_n of_o horseman_n especial_o when_o they_o be_v cast_v with_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n and_o fall_v so_o thick_a that_o there_o be_v no_o mean_n to_o avoid_v they_o but_o to_o make_v it_o plain_a that_o any_o light-armed_n footman_n can_v better_a make_v head_n against_o a_o troup_n of_o horse_n than_o the_o cavalry_n of_o their_o own_o party_n although_o they_o bear_v but_o the_o same_o weapon_n let_v we_o consider_v how_o nimble_a and_o ready_a they_o be_v that_o fight_v on_o foot_n either_o to_o take_v a_o advantage_n or_o to_o shun_v and_o avoid_v any_o danger_n cast_v their_o dart_n with_o far_o great_a strength_n and_o more_o certainty_n than_o the_o horseman_n can_v do_v for_o as_o the_o force_n of_o all_o the_o engine_n of_o old_a time_n as_o the_o balistae_fw-la catapultae_n and_o tolenones_n proceed_v from_o that_o stability_n and_o rest_a centre_n which_o nature_n afford_v as_o the_o only_a strength_n and_o life_n of_o the_o engine_n so_o what_o force_n soever_o a_o man_n make_v must_v principal_o proceed_v from_o that_o firmness_n and_o stay_v which_o nature_n by_o the_o earth_n or_o some_o other_o unmoveable_a rest_n give_v to_o the_o body_n from_o whence_o it_o take_v more_o or_o less_o strength_n according_a to_o the_o violence_n which_o it_o perform_v as_o he_o that_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n from_o the_o ground_n by_o so_o much_o tread_v heavy_a upon_o the_o earth_n by_o how_o much_o the_o thing_n be_v heavy_a than_o his_o body_n the_o footman_n therefore_o have_v a_o sure_a stay_n to_o counterpoise_v their_o force_a motion_n then_o the_o horseman_n have_v cast_v their_o dart_n with_o great_a violence_n and_o consequent_o with_o more_o certainty_n chap._n xviii_o caesar_n prevent_v ariovistus_n of_o his_o purpose_n by_o make_v two_o camp_n when_o caesar_n perceive_v that_o ariovistus_n mean_v nothing_o less_o than_o to_o fight_v caesar_n but_o keep_v himself_o within_o his_o camp_n lest_o peradventure_o he_o shall_v intercept_v the_o sequans_n and_o other_o of_o his_o associate_n as_o they_o come_v with_o convoy_n of_o corn_n to_o the_o roman_n beyond_o that_o place_n wherein_o the_o german_n abode_n about_o six_o hundred_o pace_n from_o their_o camp_n he_o choose_v a_o ground_n meet_v to_o incamp_v in_o and_o march_v thither_o in_o three_o battle_n command_v two_o of_o they_o to_o stand_v ready_a in_o arm_n and_o the_o three_o to_o fortify_v the_o camp_n ariovistus_n send_v sixteen_o thousand_o foot_n and_o all_o his_o horse_n to_o interrupt_v the_o soldier_n and_o hinder_v the_o entrenchment_n notwithstanding_o caesar_n as_o he_o have_v before_o determine_v cause_v two_o battle_n to_o withstand_v the_o enemy_n and_o the_o three_o to_o go_v through_o with_o the_o work_n which_o be_v end_v he_o leave_v there_o two_o legion_n and_o part_n of_o the_o associate_n force_n and_o lead_v the_o other_o four_o legion_n back_o again_o into_o the_o great_a camp_n the_o next_o day_n caesar_n according_a to_o his_o custom_n bring_v his_o whole_a power_n out_o of_o both_o his_o camp_n &_o march_v a_o little_a from_o the_o great_a camp_n he_o put_v his_o man_n in_o array_n and_o proffer_a battle_n to_o the_o enemy_n but_o perceive_v that_o ariovistus_n will_v not_o stir_v out_o of_o his_o trench_n about_o noon_n he_o convey_v his_o army_n into_o their_o several_a camp_n then_o at_o length_n ariovistus_n send_v part_n of_o his_o force_n to_o assault_v the_o lesser_a camp_n the_o encounter_n continue_v very_o sharp_a on_o both_o part_n until_o the_o evening_n and_o at_o sunset_n after_o many_o wound_n give_v and_o take_v ariovistus_n convey_v his_o army_n again_o into_o their_o camp_n and_o as_o caesar_n make_v inquiry_n of_o the_o captive_n what_o the_o reason_n be_v that_o ariovistus_n refuse_v battle_n he_o find_v this_o to_o be_v the_o cause_n the_o german_n have_v a_o custom_n that_o the_o woman_n shall_v by_o cast_v of_o lot_n and_o southsay_a declare_v whether_o it_o be_v for_o their_o behoof_n to_o fight_v or_o no_o and_o that_o they_o find_v by_o their_o art_n the_o german_n can_v not_o get_v the_o victory_n if_o they_o fight_v before_o the_o new_a moon_n the_o first_o observation_n first_o we_o may_v observe_v what_o especial_a importance_n this_o manner_n of_o encamp_v carry_v in_o that_o absolute_a discipline_n which_o the_o roman_n observe_v and_o by_o which_o they_o conquer_v so_o many_o nation_n for_o beside_o the_o safety_n which_o it_o afford_v their_o own_o troop_n it_o serve_v for_o a_o hold_v well-fenced_n and_o man_v or_o as_o it_o be_v a_o strong_a fortify_v town_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o field_n where_o they_o see_v advantage_n and_o as_o oft_o as_o they_o think_v it_o expedient_a either_o to_o fortify_v themselves_o or_o impeach_v the_o enemy_n by_o cut_v off_o his_o passage_n hinder_v his_o attempt_n block_v up_o his_o camp_n beside_o many_o other_o advantage_n all_o aver_v the_o say_n of_o domitius_n corbulo_n dolabra_fw-la vincendum_fw-la esse_fw-la hostem_fw-la a_o thing_n long_a time_n neglect_v but_o of_o late_a happy_o renew_v by_o the_o commander_n of_o such_o force_n as_o serve_v the_o state_n in_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o belgia_n who_o time_n and_o practice_v of_o the_o war_n have_v teach_v to_o entertain_v the_o use_n of_o the_o spade_n and_o
his_o due_a and_o proper_a composition_n what_o then_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o roman_n do_v overcome_v and_o that_o those_o that_o do_v use_v the_o phalanx_n be_v void_a of_o the_o hope_n of_o victory_n even_o from_o hence_o that_o the_o roman_a army_n have_v infinite_a commodity_n both_o of_o place_n and_o of_o time_n to_o fight_v in_o but_o the_o phalanx_n have_v only_o one_o time_n one_o place_n and_o one_o kind_n whereto_o it_o may_v profitable_o apply_v itself_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v of_o necessity_n that_o their_o enemy_n shall_v encounter_v they_o at_o that_o instant_n especial_o with_o their_o whole_a force_n it_o be_v questionless_a not_o only_o not_o without_o danger_n but_o in_o all_o probability_n likely_a that_o the_o phalanx_n shall_v ever_o carry_v away_o the_o better_a but_o if_o that_o may_v be_v avoid_v which_o be_v easy_o do_v shall_v not_o that_o disposition_n than_o be_v utter_o unprofitable_a and_o free_a from_o all_o terror_n and_o it_o be_v far_a evident_a that_o the_o phalanx_n must_v necessary_o have_v plain_a and_o champain_n place_n without_o any_o hindrance_n or_o impediment_n as_o ditch_n uneven_a place_n valley_n little_a hill_n and_o river_n for_o all_o these_o may_v hinder_v and_o disjoin_v it_o and_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o have_v a_o plain_a of_o the_o capacity_n of_o twenty_o stadia_fw-la much_o less_o more_o where_o there_o shall_v be_v find_v none_o of_o these_o impediment_n but_o suppose_v there_o be_v find_v such_o place_n as_o be_v proper_a for_o the_o phalanx_n if_o the_o enemy_n refuse_v to_o come_v unto_o they_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n spoil_v and_o sack_v the_o city_n and_o country_n round_o about_o what_o commodity_n or_o profit_n shall_v arise_v by_o any_o army_n so_o order_v for_o if_o it_o remain_v in_o such_o place_n as_o have_v be_v before_o speak_v of_o it_o can_v neither_o relieve_v their_o friend_n nor_o preserve_v themselves_o for_o the_o convoy_n which_o they_o expect_v from_o their_o friend_n be_v easy_o cut_v off_o by_o the_o enemy_n while_o they_o remain_v in_o those_o open_a place_n and_o if_o it_o happen_v at_o any_o time_n that_o they_o leave_v they_o upon_o any_o enterprise_n they_o be_v then_o expose_v to_o the_o enemy_n but_o suppose_v that_o the_o roman_a army_n shall_v find_v the_o phalanx_n in_o such_o place_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o adventure_v itself_o in_o gross_a at_o one_o instant_a but_o will_v by_o little_a and_o little_o retire_v itself_o as_o do_v plain_o appear_v by_o their_o usual_a practice_n for_o there_o must_v not_o be_v a_o conjectur_n of_o these_o thing_n by_o my_o word_n only_o but_o especial_o by_o that_o which_o they_o do_v for_o they_o do_v not_o so_o equal_o frame_v their_o battle_n that_o they_o do_v assault_v the_o enemy_n altogether_o make_v as_o it_o werebut_n one_o front_n but_o part_n make_v a_o stand_n and_o part_n charge_v the_o enemy_n that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o phalanx_n do_v press_v they_o that_o come_v to_o assault_v they_o and_o be_v repel_v the_o force_n of_o their_o order_n be_v dissolve_v for_o whether_o they_o pursue_v those_o that_o retire_v or_o fly_v from_o those_o that_o do_v assault_v they_o these_o do_v disjoin_v themselves_o from_o part_n of_o their_o army_n by_o which_o mean_v there_o be_v a_o gap_n open_v to_o their_o enemy_n stand_v and_o attend_v their_o opportunity_n so_o that_o now_o they_o need_v not_o any_o more_o to_o charge_v they_o in_o the_o front_n where_o the_o force_n of_o the_o phalanx_n consist_v but_o to_o assault_v where_o the_o breach_n be_v make_v both_o behind_o and_o upon_o the_o side_n but_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o roman_a army_n may_v keep_v his_o due_a propriety_n and_o disposition_n the_o phalanx_n by_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v the_o like_a do_v it_o not_o then_o manifest_o demonstrate_v the_o difference_n to_o be_v great_a between_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o disposition_n and_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o phalanx_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o necessity_n impose_v upon_o a_o army_n which_o be_v to_o march_v through_o place_n of_o all_o nature_n to_o encamp_v themselves_o to_o possess_v place_n of_o advantage_n to_o besiege_v and_o to_o be_v besiege_v and_o also_o contrary_a to_o expectation_n sometime_o to_o come_v in_o view_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o all_o these_o occasion_n necessary_o accompany_v a_o army_n and_o oftentimes_o be_v the_o especial_a cause_n of_o victory_n to_o which_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n be_v no_o way_n fit_a or_o convenient_a forasmuch_o as_o neither_o in_o their_o general_a order_n nor_o in_o their_o particular_a disposition_n without_o a_o convenient_a place_n they_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v any_o thing_n of_o moment_n but_o the_o roman_a army_n be_v apt_a for_o all_o these_o purpose_n for_o every_o soldier_n among_o they_o be_v once_o arm_v and_o ready_a to_o fight_v refuse_v no_o place_n time_n nor_o occasion_n keep_v always_o the_o same_o order_n whether_o he_o fight_v together_o with_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o army_n or_o particular_o by_o himself_o man_n to_o man_n and_o hence_o it_o happen_v that_o as_o the_o commodity_n of_o their_o disposition_n be_v advantageous_a so_o the_o end_n do_v answer_v the_o expectation_n these_o thing_n i_o think_v to_o speak_v of_o at_o large_a because_o many_o of_o the_o grecian_n be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o macedonian_n be_v not_o to_o be_v overcome_v and_o again_o many_o wonder_v how_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o the_o worse_a by_o the_o roman_a army_n consider_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o weapon_n thus_o far_o go_v polybius_n in_o compare_v the_o weapon_n and_o embattel_v of_o the_o roman_n with_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n among_o the_o macedonian_n wherein_o we_o see_v the_o pike_n true_o and_o exact_o order_v according_a as_o the_o wise_a grecians_n can_v best_o proportion_v it_o with_o that_o form_n of_o battle_n which_o may_v give_v most_o advantage_n to_o the_o use_n thereof_o so_o that_o if_o our_o squadron_n of_o pike_n jump_v not_o with_o the_o perfect_a manner_n of_o a_o phalanx_n as_o we_o see_v they_o do_v not_o they_o fall_v so_o much_o short_a of_o that_o strength_n which_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o grecian_n and_o the_o experience_n of_o other_o nation_n impute_v unto_o it_o but_o suppose_v we_o can_v allow_v it_o that_o disposition_n in_o the_o course_n of_o our_o war_n which_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o weapon_n do_v require_v yet_o forasmuch_o as_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o polybius_n the_o say_a manner_n of_o imbattel_v be_v tie_v to_o such_o dangerous_a circumstance_n of_o one_o time_n one_o place_n and_o one_o kind_n of_o fight_n i_o hold_v it_o not_o so_o profitable_a a_o weapon_n as_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o time_n do_v seem_v to_o make_v it_o especial_o in_o woody_a country_n such_o as_o ireland_n be_v where_o the_o use_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o such_o inconvenience_n as_o be_v note_v to_o hinder_v the_o manage_n thereof_o and_o doubtless_o if_o our_o commander_n do_v but_o consider_v of_o the_o incongruity_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o ireland_n they_o will_v not_o proportion_v so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o they_o in_o every_o company_n as_o there_o be_v for_o common_o half_a the_o company_n be_v pike_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o war_n that_o half_o the_o army_n have_v neither_o offensive_a nor_o defensive_a weapon_n but_o only_o against_o a_o troup_n of_o horse_n for_o they_o seldom_o or_o never_o come_v to_o the_o push_n of_o pike_n with_o the_o foot_n company_n where_o they_o may_v charge_v and_o offend_v the_o enemy_n and_o for_o defence_n if_o the_o enemy_n think_v it_o not_o safe_a to_o buckle_v with_o they_o at_o hand_n but_o make_v more_o advantage_n to_o play_v upon_o they_o afar_o off_o with_o shot_n it_o afford_v small_a safety_n to_o shake_v a_o long_a pike_n at_o they_o and_o stand_v fair_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o entertain_v a_o volley_n of_o shot_n with_o the_o body_n of_o their_o battalion_n as_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o the_o pike_n in_o some_o service_n be_v profitable_a as_o behind_o a_o rampire_n or_o at_o a_o breach_n so_o i_o assure_v myself_o there_o be_v weapon_n if_o they_o be_v put_v to_o trial_n that_o will_v countervail_v the_o pike_n even_o in_o those_o service_n wherein_o it_o be_v think_v most_o profitable_a concern_v the_o target_n we_o see_v it_o take_v the_o hand_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o polybius_n of_o all_o other_o weapon_n whatsoever_o as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o divers_a and_o sundry_a sort_n of_o imbattel_v as_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o place_n wheresoever_o for_o their_o use_n be_v as_o effectual_a in_o small_a body_n and_o century_n as_o in_o gross_a troop_n and_o great_a
and_o all_o that_o they_o have_v to_o caesar_n mercy_n desire_v one_o thing_n of_o he_o earnest_o which_o be_v that_o if_o his_o goodness_n and_o clemency_n which_o they_o have_v hear_v so_o high_a praise_n of_o have_v determine_v to_o save_v their_o life_n he_o will_v not_o take_v away_o their_o arm_n from_o they_o forasmuch_o as_o all_o their_o neighbour_n be_v enemy_n unto_o they_o and_o envy_v at_o their_o valour_n neither_o be_v they_o able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o if_o they_o shall_v deliver_v up_o their_o armour_n so_o that_o they_o have_v rather_o suffer_v any_o inconvenience_n by_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n then_o to_o be_v butcherly_a murder_v by_o they_o who_o in_o former_a time_n they_o have_v hold_v subject_a to_o their_o command_n to_o this_o caesar_n answer_v that_o he_o will_v save_v the_o city_n rather_o of_o his_o own_o custom_n then_o for_o any_o desert_n of_o they_o so_o that_o they_o yield_v before_o the_o ram_n touch_v the_o wall_n but_o no_o condition_n of_o remedy_n shall_v be_v accept_v without_o present_a delivery_n of_o their_o arm_n for_o he_o will_v do_v by_o they_o as_o he_o have_v do_v by_o the_o nervii_n and_o give_v commandment_n to_o their_o neighbour_n that_o they_o shall_v offer_v no_o wrong_n to_o such_o as_o have_v commend_v their_o safety_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n this_o answer_n be_v return_v to_o the_o city_n they_o seem_v content_v to_o do_v whatsoever_o he_o command_v they_o and_o thereupon_o cast_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o armour_n over_o the_o wall_n into_o the_o ditch_n insomuch_o as_o they_o fill_v it_o almost_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rampire_n and_o yet_o as_o afterward_o be_v know_v conceal_v the_o three_o part_n they_o set_v open_v the_o gate_n and_o for_o that_o day_n carry_v themselves_o peaceable_o towards_o night_n caesar_n command_v the_o gate_n to_o be_v shut_v and_o the_o soldier_n to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o town_n lest_o in_o the_o night_n the_o townsman_n shall_v be_v any_o way_n injure_v by_o they_o but_o the_o aduatici_n have_v consult_v together_o before_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o believe_v that_o upon_o their_o submission_n the_o roman_n will_v either_o set_v no_o watch_n at_o all_o or_o at_o the_o least_o keep_v it_o very_o careless_o partly_o with_o such_o armour_n as_o they_o have_v retain_v and_o partly_o with_o target_n make_v of_o bark_n or_o wrought_v of_o wicker_n which_o upon_o the_o sudden_a they_o have_v cover_v over_o with_o leather_n about_o the_o three_o watch_n where_o the_o ascent_n to_o our_o fortification_n be_v easy_a they_o issue_v sudden_o out_o of_o the_o town_n with_o all_o their_o power_n but_o signification_n thereof_o be_v present_o give_v by_o fire_n as_o caesar_n have_v command_v the_o roman_n haste_v speedy_o to_o that_o place_n the_o enemy_n fight_v very_o desperate_o as_o man_n in_o the_o last_o hope_n of_o their_o welfare_n incounter_v the_o roman_n in_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n all_o their_o hope_n now_o lie_v upon_o their_o valour_n at_o length_n with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o four_o thousand_o the_o rest_n be_v drive_v back_o into_o the_o town_n the_o next_o day_n when_o caesar_n come_v to_o break_v open_a the_o gate_n and_o find_v no_o man_n at_o defence_n he_o send_v in_o the_o soldier_n and_o sell_v all_o the_o people_n and_o spoil_n of_o the_o town_n the_o number_n of_o person_n in_o the_o town_n amount_v to_o fifty_o three_o thousand_o bondslave_n the_o first_o observation_n in_o the_o surprise_n attempt_v by_o the_o belgae_n upon_o bibract_n i_o set_v down_o the_o manner_n which_o both_o the_o gall_n and_o the_o roman_n use_v in_o their_o sudden_a surprise_v of_o a_o town_n whereof_o if_o they_o fail_v the_o place_n import_v any_o advantage_n in_o the_o course_n of_o war_n they_o then_o prepare_v for_o the_o siege_n in_o that_o manner_n as_o caesar_n have_v describe_v in_o this_o place_n they_o environ_v the_o town_n about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n circumvallatio_n and_o fortify_v the_o say_a rampire_n with_o many_o castle_n and_o fortress_n erect_v in_o a_o convenient_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o so_o they_o keep_v the_o town_n from_o any_o foreign_a succour_n or_o relief_n and_o withal_o secure_v themselves_o from_o sally_n or_o other_o stratagem_n which_o the_o townsman_n may_v practise_v against_o they_o and_o this_o manner_n of_o siege_n be_v call_v circumvallatio_fw-la commentary_n the_o particular_a description_n whereof_o i_o refer_v unto_o the_o history_n of_o alesia_n where_o i_o will_v handle_v it_o according_a to_o the_o particular_n there_o set_v down_o by_o caesar_n the_o second_o observation_n the_o ram_n ram._n which_o caesar_n here_o mention_v be_v of_o great_a note_n among_o all_o the_o roman_a engine_n and_o hold_v that_o place_n which_o the_o canon_n have_v in_o our_o war_n vitruvius_n do_v attribute_v the_o invention_n thereof_o to_o the_o carthaginian_n who_o at_o the_o take_n of_o cadiz_n cales_n want_v a_o fit_a instrument_n to_o raze_v and_o overthrow_v a_o castle_n they_o take_v a_o long_a beam_n or_o timber-tree_n and_o bear_v it_o upon_o their_o arm_n and_o shoulder_n with_o the_o one_o end_n thereof_o they_o first_o break_v down_o the_o uppermost_a rank_n of_o stone_n and_o so_o descend_v by_o degree_n they_o overthrow_v the_o whole_a tower_n the_o roman_n have_v two_o sort_n of_o ram_n the_o one_o be_v rude_a and_o plain_a the_o other_o artificial_a and_o compound_v simplex_fw-la the_o first_o be_v that_o which_o the_o carthaginian_n use_v at_o cadiz_n and_o be_v portray_v in_o the_o column_n of_o traâ—an_n at_o rome_n the_o compound_a ram_n be_v thus_o describe_v by_o josephus_n composita_fw-la a_o ram_n say_v he_o be_v a_o mighty_a great_a beam_n like_v unto_o the_o mast_n of_o a_o ship_n and_o be_v strengthen_v at_o one_o end_n with_o a_o head_n of_o iron_n fashion_v like_o unto_o a_o ram_n and_o thereof_o it_o take_v the_o name_n this_o ram_n be_v hang_v by_o the_o midst_n with_o rope_n unto_o another_o beam_n which_o lie_v cross_v a_o couple_n of_o pillar_n and_o hang_v thus_o equal_o balance_v it_o be_v by_o force_n of_o man_n thrust_v forwar_n and_o recoil_v backward_o and_o so_o beat_v upon_o the_o wall_n with_o his_o iron_n head_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o tower_n so_o strong_a or_o wall_n so_o broad_a that_o be_v able_a to_o stand_v before_o it_o the_o length_n of_o this_o ram_n be_v of_o a_o large_a scantling_n for_o plutarch_n affirm_v that_o antony_n in_o the_o parthian_a war_n have_v a_o ram_n fourscore_o foot_n long_o and_o vitruvius_n say_v that_o the_o length_n of_o a_o ram_n be_v usual_o one_o hundred_o and_o six_o and_o sometime_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o and_o this_o length_n give_v great_a strength_n and_o force_n to_o the_o engine_n it_o be_v manage_v at_o one_o time_n with_o a_o whole_a century_n or_o order_n of_o soldier_n and_o their_o force_n be_v spend_v they_o be_v second_v with_o another_o century_n and_o so_o the_o ram_n play_v continual_o upon_o the_o wall_n without_o intermission_n josephus_n say_v that_o titus_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o jerusalem_n have_v a_o ram_n for_o every_o legion_n it_o be_v oftentimes_o cover_v with_o a_o vine_n that_o the_o man_n that_o manage_v it_o may_v be_v in_o more_o safety_n it_o appear_v by_o this_o place_n that_o if_o a_o town_n have_v continue_v out_o until_o the_o ram_n have_v touch_v the_o wall_n they_o can_v not_o presume_v of_o any_o acceptation_n of_o rendry_a forasmuch_o as_o by_o their_o obstinacy_n they_o have_v bring_v in_o peril_n the_o life_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o be_v subdue_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n which_o afford_v such_o mercy_n as_o the_o victor_n please_v the_o three_o observation_n the_o aduatici_n as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o small_a security_n which_o one_o state_n can_v give_v unto_o another_o that_o commend_v their_o safety_n to_o be_v protect_v by_o it_o for_o as_o architas_n the_o pythagorean_n say_v a_o body_n a_o family_n and_o a_o army_n be_v then_o well_o govern_v when_o they_o contain_v within_o themselves_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o safety_n so_o we_o must_v not_o look_v for_o any_o security_n in_o a_o state_n when_o their_o safety_n depend_v upon_o a_o foreign_a protection_n for_o the_o old_a say_n be_v that_o neque_fw-la murus_fw-la neque_fw-la amicus_fw-la quisquam_fw-la teget_fw-la quem_fw-la propria_fw-la arma_fw-la non_fw-la texere_fw-la neither_o wall_n nor_o friend_n will_v save_v he_o who_o his_o own_o weapon_n do_v not_o defend_v although_o in_o this_o case_n the_o matter_n be_v well_o qualify_v by_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o the_o late_a victory_n in_o the_o continent_n of_o gallia_n whereof_o the_o hedui_n with_o their_o associate_n be_v very_o gainful_a witness_n but_o among_o kingdom_n that_o be_v better_o suit_v with_o equality_n of_o strength_n and_o
otherwise_o to_o seek_v their_o safety_n by_o flight_n which_o tumult_n and_o fear_n be_v no_o soon_o perceive_v by_o the_o roman_a soldier_n but_o call_v to_o mind_v their_o perfidious_a treachery_n they_o break_v into_o the_o camp_n and_o be_v at_o first_o a_o little_a resist_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o woman_n and_o child_n for_o they_o have_v bring_v all_o they_o have_v over_o the_o rhine_n flee_v every_o one_o away_o which_o caesar_n perceive_v send_v his_o horseman_n to_o pursue_v they_o the_o german_n hear_v the_o clamour_n and_o scrâ—echings_n behind_o their_o back_n and_o see_v their_o friend_n pursue_v and_o slay_v do_v cast_v away_o their_o weapon_n forsake_v their_o ensign_n and_o flee_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o come_v to_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o maze_n and_o the_o rhine_n such_o as_o have_v escape_v cast_v themselves_o into_o the_o river_n where_o what_o through_o fear_n weariness_n and_o the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n they_o be_v all_o drown_v in_o this_o conflict_n the_o roman_n lose_v not_o a_o man_n the_o number_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v 430000_o with_o woman_n and_o child_n to_o they_o who_o he_o have_v retain_v in_o his_o camp_n he_o give_v leave_v to_o depart_v but_o they_o fear_v the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o gall_n for_o the_o mischief_n they_o have_v do_v they_o desire_z that_o they_o may_v continue_v with_o the_o roman_n which_o caesar_n agree_v unto_o observation_n this_o relation_n afford_v little_a matter_n of_o war_n but_o only_o a_o severe_a revenge_n of_o hateful_a treachery_n notwithstanding_o i_o will_v hence_o take_v occasion_n to_o discover_v the_o office_n of_o the_o quaestor_n and_o the_o legate_n and_o show_v what_o place_n they_o have_v in_o the_o army_n and_o first_o concern_v the_o quaestor_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o he_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o common_a voice_n of_o the_o people_n in_o the_o same_o court_n which_o be_v call_v to_o create_v the_o general_n his_o office_n be_v to_o take_v charge_n of_o the_o public_a treasure_n whether_o it_o come_v out_o of_o their_o aâ—rarium_n for_o the_o pay_n of_o the_o army_n or_o otherwise_o be_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n of_o he_o the_o soldier_n receive_v their_o stipend_n both_o in_o corn_n and_o money_n and_o what_o other_o booty_n be_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n he_o either_o keep_v they_o or_o sell_v they_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o commonweal_n the_o legate_n be_v not_o choose_v by_o the_o people_n but_o appoint_v by_o the_o senate_n as_o assistant_n and_o coadjutor_n to_o the_o emperor_n for_o the_o public_a service_n and_o be_v altogether_o direct_v by_o the_o general_n in_o who_o absence_n they_o have_v the_o absolute_a command_n and_o their_o number_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n uncertain_a but_o proportion_v according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o legion_n in_o the_o army_n chap._n vi_o caesar_n make_v a_o bridge_n upon_o the_o rhine_n and_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o into_o germany_n the_o german_a war_n be_v thus_o end_v csar_n caesar_n think_v it_o necessary_a to_o transport_v his_o army_n over_o the_o rhine_n into_o the_o continent_n of_o germany_n for_o many_o cause_n whereof_o this_o be_v not_o the_o least_o that_o see_v the_o german_n be_v so_o easy_o persuade_v to_o bring_v their_o colony_n and_o their_o vagrant_a multitude_n into_o gallia_n he_o think_v good_a to_o make_v know_v unto_o they_o that_o the_o roman_a people_n can_v at_o their_o pleasure_n carry_v their_o force_n over_o the_o rhine_n into_o germany_n moreover_o those_o troop_n of_o horse_n which_o be_v absent_a at_o the_o late_a overthrow_n of_o the_o german_n be_v go_v as_o i_o say_v before_o for_o spoil_n and_o provision_n over_o the_o mosa_n after_o they_o see_v their_o friend_n overthrow_v be_v flee_v into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o sicambri_n and_o join_v with_o they_o to_o who_o when_o caesar_n send_v messenger_n to_o demand_v they_o to_o be_v send_v unto_o he_o they_o answer_v that_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v limit_v by_o the_o rhine_n and_o if_o the_o german_n be_v interdict_v gallia_n why_o shall_v caesar_n challenge_v any_o authority_n in_o their_o quarter_n last_o the_o ubii_n who_o among_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o german_n have_v only_o accept_v of_o caesar_n friendship_n and_o give_v pledge_n of_o their_o fidelity_n have_v make_v earnest_a suit_n unto_o he_o to_o send_v they_o aid_v against_o the_o suevi_n or_o at_o the_o least_o to_o transport_v his_o army_n over_o the_o rhine_n that_o will_v serve_v their_o turn_n that_o will_v be_v help_n and_o encouragement_n enough_o to_o they_o for_o the_o name_n and_o opinion_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n be_v so_o great_a and_o of_o such_o fame_n what_o with_o ariovistus_n overthrow_n and_o this_o last_o service_n that_o it_o sound_v honourable_a among_o the_o far_a nation_n of_o germany_n so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o great_a safety_n to_o have_v they_o their_o friend_n for_o these_o reason_n caesar_n resolve_v to_o pass_v the_o rhine_n but_o to_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o by_o boat_n be_v neither_o safe_a nor_o for_o his_o own_o honour_n nor_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o albeit_o it_o seem_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o breadth_n swiftness_n and_o depth_n of_o the_o river_n to_o make_v a_o bridge_n yet_o he_o resolve_v to_o try_v what_o he_o can_v do_v otherwise_o he_o determine_v not_o to_o pass_v over_o at_o all_o and_o so_o he_o build_v a_o bridge_n after_o this_o manner_n at_o two_o foot_n distance_n he_o place_v two_o tree_n of_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a square_n sharpen_v at_o the_o low_a end_n and_o cut_v answerable_a to_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o river_n these_o he_o let_v down_o into_o the_o water_n with_o engine_n and_o drive_v they_o in_o with_o commander_n not_o perpendicular_o after_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o pile_n but_o gablewise_o and_o bend_v with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n opposite_a unto_o these_o he_o place_v two_o other_o tree_n join_v together_o after_o the_o same_o fashion_n be_v forty_o foot_n distant_a from_o the_o former_a by_o the_o dimension_n between_o their_o low_a part_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n and_o recline_v against_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n these_o two_o pair_n of_o couple_n thus_o place_v he_o join_v together_o with_o a_o beam_n of_o two_o foot_n square_a equal_a to_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o say_a couple_n and_o fasten_v they_o at_o each_o end_n on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o couple_n with_o brace_n and_o pin_n whereby_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o work_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o frame_n be_v such_o that_o the_o great_a the_o violence_n of_o the_o stream_n be_v and_o the_o fast_o it_o fall_v upon_o the_o timber-work_n the_o strong_a the_o bridge_n be_v unite_v in_o the_o couple_n and_o joint_n in_o like_a manner_n he_o proceed_v with_o couple_n and_o beam_n until_o the_o work_n be_v bring_v unto_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n and_o then_o he_o lay_v straight_o plank_n from_o beam_n to_o beam_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o hurdle_n and_o so_o he_o make_v a_o floor_n to_o the_o bridge_n moreover_o on_o the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o bridge_n he_o drive_v down_o supporter_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o timber-work_n do_v strengthen_v the_o bridge_n against_o the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n and_o on_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o bridge_n at_o a_o reasonable_a distance_n he_o place_v pile_n to_o hinder_v the_o force_n of_o tree_n or_o boat_n or_o what_o else_o the_o enemy_n may_v cast_v down_o to_o trouble_v the_o work_n or_o hurt_v the_o bridge_n within_o ten_o day_n that_o the_o timber_n begin_v to_o be_v cut_v down_o and_o carry_v the_o work_n be_v end_v and_o the_o army_n transport_v caesar_n leave_v a_o strong_a garrison_n at_o either_o end_n of_o the_o bridge_n go_v into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o sicambri_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n ambassador_n come_v to_o he_o from_o many_o city_n desire_v peace_n and_o the_o friendship_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o caesar_n answer_v courteous_o and_o require_v hostage_n of_o their_o fidelity_n observation_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o enter_v a_o little_a into_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o bridge_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o ingenious_a architecture_n thereof_o as_o also_o that_o we_o may_v somewhat_o imitate_v caesar_n who_o we_o may_v observe_v to_o insist_v with_o as_o great_a plenty_n of_o wit_n and_o eloquence_n in_o present_v unto_o we_o the_o subtlety_n of_o his_o invention_n in_o such_o manner_n of_o handiwork_n as_o upon_o any_o other_o part_n of_o his_o action_n as_o this_o particular_a description_n of_o the_o bridge_n may_v sufficient_o witness_v beside_o the_o fortification_n at_o alesia_n and_o the_o intrenchment_n in_o brittany_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o ship_n with_o many_o
imperator_n upon_o a_o due_a and_o full_a victory_n chap._n xi_o the_o britan_n make_v peace_n with_o caesar_n but_o break_v it_o again_o upon_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o roman_a ship_v the_o britan_n be_v overthrow_v in_o this_o battle_n caesar_n assoon_o as_o they_o have_v recover_v their_o safety_n by_o flight_n they_o present_o dispatch_v messenger_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v for_o peace_n promise_v hostage_n and_o obedience_n in_o whatsoever_o he_o command_v and_o with_o these_o ambassador_n return_v comius_n of_o arras_n who_o caesar_n have_v send_v before_o into_o brittany_n and_o who_o the_o britan_n at_o his_o first_o land_n with_o caesar_n mandate_n have_v seize_v upon_o and_o throw_v into_o prison_n but_o after_o the_o battle_n they_o release_v he_o and_o become_v now_o suitor_n for_o peace_n throw_v all_o the_o blame_n thereof_o upon_o the_o multitude_n excuse_v themselves_o as_o ignorant_a of_o it_o and_o so_o desire_v to_o be_v pardon_v caesar_n complain_v that_o whereas_o they_o send_v unto_o he_o into_o gallia_n to_o desire_v peace_n notwithstanding_o at_o his_o come_n they_o make_v war_n against_o he_o without_o any_o cause_n or_o reason_n at_o all_o but_o excuse_v it_o by_o their_o ignorance_n he_o command_v hostage_n to_o be_v deliver_v unto_o he_o which_o they_o present_o perform_v in_o part_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o be_v set_v further_o off_o they_o promise_v shall_v likewise_o be_v render_v within_o a_o short_a time_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o they_o command_v their_o people_n to_o return_v to_o their_o possession_n and_o their_o ruler_n and_o prince_n come_v out_o of_o all_o quarter_n to_o commend_v themselves_o and_o their_o state_n to_o caesar_n the_o peace_n be_v thus_o conclude_v four_o day_n after_o that_o caesar_n come_v into_o brittany_n the_o eighteen_o ship_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o the_o horseman_n put_v out_o to_o sea_n with_o a_o gentle_a wind_n and_o approach_v so_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o brittany_n that_o they_o be_v within_o view_n of_o the_o roman_a camp_n there_o arise_v such_o a_o sudden_a tempest_n that_o none_o of_o they_o be_v able_a to_o hold_v their_o course_n but_o some_o of_o they_o return_v to_o the_o port_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v other_o some_o be_v cast_v upon_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o island_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o westward_o and_o there_o cast_v anchor_n take_v in_o so_o much_o water_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o commit_v themselves_o again_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o direct_v their_o course_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o gallia_n the_o same_o night_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o full_a the_o tide_n be_v very_o high_a in_o those_o sea_n whereof_o the_o roman_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a both_o the_o galley_n that_o transport_v the_o army_n which_o be_v draw_v up_o upon_o the_o shore_n be_v fill_v with_o the_o tide_n and_o the_o ship_n of_o burden_n that_o lie_v at_o anchor_n be_v shake_v with_o the_o tempest_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o help_n to_o be_v give_v unto_o they_o so_o that_o many_o of_o they_o be_v rend_v and_o split_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o rest_n lose_v both_o their_o anchour_n cable_n and_o other_o tackle_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n become_v altogether_o unserviceable_a where_o at_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v exceed_o trouble_v for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o ship_v to_o recarry_v they_o back_o again_o neither_o have_v they_o any_o necessary_n to_o new_a furnish_v the_o old_a and_o every_o man_n know_v that_o they_o must_v needs_o winter_n in_o gallia_n forasmuch_o as_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n of_o corn_v those_o place_n where_o they_o be_v which_o thing_n be_v know_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o brittany_n that_o be_v assemble_v to_o confer_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o caesar_n have_v command_v they_o to_o perform_v when_o they_o understand_v that_o the_o roman_n want_v both_o their_o horseman_n ship_v and_o provision_n of_o corn_n and_o conjecture_v of_o the_o paucity_n of_o their_o force_n by_o the_o small_a circuit_n of_o their_o camp_n that_o which_o make_v it_o of_o less_o compass_n then_o usual_a be_v that_o caâ—sar_n have_v transport_v his_o soldier_n without_o such_o necessary_a carriage_n as_o they_o use_v to_o take_v with_o they_o they_o think_v it_o their_o best_a course_n to_o rebel_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o roman_n from_o corn_n and_o convoy_n of_o provision_n and_o so_o prolong_v the_o matter_n until_o winter_n come_v on_o for_o they_o think_v that_o if_o these_o be_v once_o overthrow_v and_o cut_v off_o from_o return_v into_o gallia_n never_o any_o man_n will_v afterward_o adventure_v to_o bring_v a_o army_n into_o brittany_n therefore_o they_o conspire_v again_o the_o second_o time_n and_o convey_v themselves_o by_o stealth_n out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o get_v their_o man_n privy_o out_o of_o the_o field_n to_o make_v head_n in_o some_o convenient_a place_n against_o the_o roman_n the_o first_o observation_n concern_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o it_o have_v already_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o second_o book_n to_o which_o i_o will_v add_v thus_o much_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o show_v how_o the_o roman_n become_v so_o ignorant_a of_o the_o springtide_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o full_a and_o new_a of_o the_o moon_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o motion_n of_o this_o watery_a element_n be_v altogether_o direct_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o she_o exercise_v her_o regency_n according_a as_o she_o find_v the_o matter_n qualify_v for_o her_o influence_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o all_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o such_o gulf_n as_o be_v enclose_v in_o sinâ—es_n and_o bosom_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v both_o abridge_v of_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o course_n and_o through_o the_o smallnesse_n of_o their_o quantity_n be_v not_o so_o capable_a of_o celestial_a power_n as_o the_o ocean_n itself_o it_o consequent_o follow_v that_o the_o tuscan_a sea_n wherewith_o the_o roman_n be_v chief_o acquaint_v be_v not_o so_o answerable_a in_o effect_n to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o main_a sea_n who_o bound_n be_v range_v in_o a_o more_o spacious_a circuit_n and_o through_o the_o plenteous_a abundance_n of_o his_o part_n better_a answer_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o ocean_n therefore_o be_v thus_o obedient_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n take_v her_o course_n of_o slow_v from_o the_o north_n fall_v with_o such_o a_o current_n between_o the_o orcades_n and_o the_o main_a of_o norvegia_n that_o she_o fill_v our_o channel_n between_o england_n and_o france_n with_o great_a swell_a tide_n and_o make_v her_o motion_n more_o eminent_a in_o these_o quarter_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o hence_o it_o happen_v that_o our_o river_n of_o thames_n lie_v with_o her_o mouth_n so_o ready_a to_o receive_v the_o tide_n as_o it_o come_v and_o have_v withal_o a_o plain_a level_v belly_n and_o a_o very_a small_a fresh_a current_n take_v the_o tide_n as_o far_o into_o the_o land_n as_o any_o other_o know_v river_n of_o europe_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o roman_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o springtide_n in_o the_o full_a of_o the_o moon_n the_o second_o observation_n such_o as_o either_o by_o their_o own_o experience_n or_o otherwise_o by_o observation_n of_o that_o which_o history_n record_v be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o government_n of_o commonweal_n be_v not_o ignorant_a with_o what_o difficulty_n a_o nation_n that_o either_o have_v long_o live_v in_o liberty_n or_o be_v govern_v by_o commander_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n be_v make_v subject_n to_o the_o yoke_n of_o bondage_n or_o reduce_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o a_o stranger_n for_o as_o we_o be_v apt_a by_o a_o natural_a inclination_n to_o civil_a society_n so_o by_o the_o same_o nature_n we_o desire_v a_o free_a disposition_n of_o ourselves_o and_o possession_n as_o the_o chief_a end_n of_o the_o say_a society_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o government_n of_o a_o subdue_a state_n what_o loss_n or_o disadvantage_n happen_v to_o the_o victor_n or_o how_o indirect_o soever_o it_o concern_v the_o bond_n of_o their_o thraldom_n the_o captive_a people_n behold_v it_o as_o a_o part_n of_o their_o adversary_n overthrow_v and_o conceive_v thereupon_o such_o spirit_n as_o answer_v the_o greatness_n of_o their_o hope_n and_o sort_n with_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o will_n which_o always_o make_v that_o seem_v easy_a to_o be_v effect_v which_o it_o desire_v and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o britan_n alter_v their_o resolution_n of_o peace_n upon_o the_o loss_n which_o the_o roman_n have_v receive_v in_o their_o ship_n chap._n xii_o caesar_n new_a triâ—ameth_v his_o late_a shake_a navy_n the_o britan_n set_v upon_o the_o roman_n as_o they_o harve_v but_o be_v put_v off_o by_o caesar_n
which_o be_v stir_v up_o by_o a_o eagerness_n to_o fight_v this_o a_o general_n shall_v not_o crush_v but_o cherish_v so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o without_o cause_n that_o in_o old_a time_n they_o have_v a_o custom_n that_o the_o whole_a army_n shall_v make_v a_o noise_n and_o raise_v a_o general_a shout_n whereby_o they_o suppose_v as_o the_o enemy_n be_v affright_v so_o their_o own_o man_n be_v encourage_v two_o contrary_a effect_n proceed_v from_o a_o cause_n which_o to_o common_a sense_n carry_v no_o show_n of_o any_o such_o efficacy_n vox_fw-la &_o praeterea_fw-la nihil_fw-la a_o bare_a voice_n and_o nothing_o more_o as_o one_o say_v of_o the_o nightingale_n in_o another_o sense_n but_o such_o as_o do_v serious_o look_v into_o the_o reason_n thereof_o shall_v find_v the_o say_n true_a which_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o elder_n and_o wise_a cato_n verba_fw-la plus_fw-la quam_fw-la gladium_fw-la &_o voces_fw-la quam_fw-la manum_fw-la host_n territare_fw-la &_o in_o fugam_fw-la vertere_fw-la word_n will_v do_v more_o than_o sword_n and_o voice_n soon_o than_o hand_n may_v affright_v the_o enemy_n and_o put_v he_o to_o flight_n 1._o the_o ear_n as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v will_v soon_o betray_v the_o soul_n to_o the_o distress_n of_o fear_n than_o any_o other_o of_o the_o five_o sense_n 18._o which_o josephus_n well_o understand_v although_o peradventure_o he_o apply_v not_o so_o fit_a a_o remedy_n when_o he_o command_v his_o man_n to_o stop_v their_o ear_n at_o the_o acclamation_n of_o the_o roman_a legion_n lest_o they_o may_v be_v daunt_v and_o amaze_v thereat_o the_o reason_n may_v be_v for_o that_o our_o discourse_n diligent_o attend_v upon_o a_o matter_n of_o that_o consequence_n which_o call_v the_o life_n of_o both_o party_n in_o question_n and_o value_v every_o circumstance_n at_o the_o utmost_a do_v always_o presuppose_v a_o cause_n answerable_a to_o such_o a_o effect_n of_o joy_n and_o assurance_n for_o these_o shout_n and_o acclamation_n be_v proper_o the_o consequent_n of_o joy_n and_o be_v so_o available_a that_o they_o deceive_v both_o party_n for_o such_o as_o take_v up_o the_o shout_n by_o way_n of_o anticipation_n do_v seem_v to_o conclude_v of_o that_o which_o be_v yet_o in_o question_n and_o the_o enemy_n thereupon_o apprehend_v danger_n when_o there_o be_v none_o at_o all_o whereby_o it_o happen_v host_n terreri_fw-la &_o suos_fw-la incitari_fw-la that_o the_o enemy_n be_v affright_v and_o our_o own_o man_n encourage_v as_o caesar_n note_v beside_o these_o example_n i_o may_v allege_v the_o authority_n of_o holy_a writ_n but_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v both_o unsavoury_a and_o unseasonable_a to_o make_v a_o commixture_n of_o such_o diversity_n i_o will_v therefore_o content_v myself_o with_o a_o practice_n of_o our_o time_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o newport_n where_o after_o divers_a retreat_n and_o pursuit_n either_o side_n chase_v the_o other_o as_o it_o be_v by_o turn_n and_o mutual_a appointment_n and_o as_o it_o often_o fall_v out_o in_o such_o confrontment_n at_o last_o commandment_n be_v give_v to_o the_o english_a to_o make_v head_n again_o and_o after_o some_o pause_n to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n with_o a_o shout_n which_o be_v according_o perform_v a_o man_n may_v have_v see_v the_o enemy_n startle_v before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o stroke_n and_o be_v charge_v home_o be_v so_o rout_v that_o they_o make_v not_o head_n again_o that_o day_n for_o the_o prevention_n of_o such_o a_o disadvantage_n there_o can_v be_v no_o better_a precedent_n then_o that_o which_o plutarch_n note_v life_n touch_v the_o battle_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o ambron_n a_o part_n of_o that_o deluge_n of_o people_n which_o come_v down_o into_o italy_n with_o the_o cimbri_n and_o teutones_n for_o these_o ambron_n come_v out_o to_o give_v battle_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v strike_v fear_n into_o the_o roman_n make_v a_o often_o repetition_n of_o their_o own_o name_n with_o a_o loud_a sound_a voice_n ambron_n ambron_n ambron_n the_o italian_n on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o first_o come_v down_o to_o fight_n be_v the_o ligurian_n inhabit_v the_o coast_n of_o genoa_n who_o hear_v this_o noise_n and_o plain_o understand_v they_o make_v answer_v with_o the_o like_a cry_n sound_v out_o their_o own_o name_n ligurii_n ligurii_n ligurii_n whereupon_o the_o captain_n of_o both_o side_n make_v their_o soldier_n cry_v out_o altogether_o contend_v for_o envy_v one_o against_o another_o who_o shall_v cry_v it_o loud_a and_o so_o both_o side_n be_v encourage_v and_o neither_o of_o they_o disadvantage_v clamoro_fw-la utrinque_fw-la sublato_fw-la whilst_o both_o side_n continue_v the_o cry_n the_o three_o observation_n this_o labienus_n be_v a_o great_a soldier_n and_o well_o acquaint_v with_o caesar_n manner_n in_o lead_v a_o army_n and_o make_v many_o good_a fight_n while_o he_o continue_v under_o his_o command_n but_o after_o he_o betake_v himself_o to_o pompey_n part_n and_o join_v with_o a_o faction_n against_o his_o first_o master_n he_o never_o achieve_v any_o thing_n but_o loss_n and_o dishonour_n dux_n fortis_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la caesareis_n labienus_n erat_fw-la nunc_fw-la transfuga_fw-la vilis_fw-la once_o labienus_n be_v a_o captain_n stout_a on_o caesar_n side_n now_o a_o base_a turn-about_a and_o upon_o that_o occasion_n he_o be_v often_o mention_v as_o a_o memorial_n of_o his_o disloyalty_n to_o prove_v that_o good_a success_n in_o matter_n of_o war_n do_v follow_v the_o general_n rather_o than_o any_o inferior_a captain_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v of_o divers_a who_o fortune_n have_v be_v great_a under_o the_o conduction_n of_o some_o commander_n and_o as_o unlucky_a under_o other_o leader_n like_o plant_n or_o tree_n that_o thrive_v well_o in_o some_o ground_n and_o bear_v store_n of_o fruit_n but_o be_v transplant_v do_v either_o die_v or_o become_v barren_a and_o doubtless_o there_o may_v be_v observe_v the_o like_a sympathy_n or_o contrariety_n in_o the_o particular_a course_n of_o man_n life_n wherein_o they_o be_v carry_v upon_o the_o stream_n of_o their_o fortune_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o their_o first_o embarking_a and_o therefore_o such_o as_o happen_v in_o a_o way_n that_o lead_v to_o successful_a end_n shall_v much_o wrong_v themselves_o either_o to_o turn_v back_o again_o or_o to_o seek_v by-path_n who_o end_n be_v both_o unknown_a and_o uncertain_a and_o herein_o the_o french_a saying_n may_v serve_v to_o some_o purpose_n si_fw-mi vous_fw-fr estes_fw-fr bien_fw-fr tenez_fw-fr vous_fw-fr la_fw-fr if_o you_o find_v yourself_o well_o hold_v yourself_o there_o chap._n vi_o caesar_n carry_v his_o army_n over_o the_o rhine_n into_o germany_n caesar_n caesar_n be_v come_v from_o the_o menapii_n to_o the_o treviri_n do_v resolve_v to_o pass_v the_o rhine_n for_o two_o cause_n the_o one_o be_v for_o that_o the_o german_n have_v send_v succour_n and_o supply_n to_o the_o treviri_n the_o other_o that_o ambiorix_n may_v have_v no_o reception_n or_o entertainment_n among_o they_o upon_o this_o resolution_n a_o little_a above_o that_o place_n where_o he_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o before_o he_o command_v a_o bridge_n to_o be_v make_v after_o the_o know_v and_o appoint_a fashion_n which_o by_o the_o great_a industry_n of_o the_o soldier_n be_v end_v in_o a_o few_o day_n and_o leave_v a_o sufficient_a strength_n at_o the_o bridge_n lest_o any_o sudden_a motion_n shall_v rise_v among_o the_o treviri_n he_o carry_v over_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n both_o horse_n and_o foot_n the_o ubii_n which_o before_o time_n have_v give_v hostage_n and_o be_v take_v into_o obedienâ—â—_n send_v ambassador_n unto_o he_o to_o clear_v themselves_o from_o imputation_n of_o disloyalty_n and_o that_o the_o treviri_n have_v receive_v no_o supply_n from_o their_o state_n they_o pray_v and_o desire_v he_o to_o spare_v they_o lest_o the_o general_a distaste_n of_o the_o german_n shall_v cause_v he_o to_o punish_v the_o innocent_a for_o the_o guilty_a and_o if_o he_o will_v ask_v more_o hostage_n they_o will_v willing_o give_v they_o caesar_n upon_o examination_n of_o the_o matter_n find_v that_o the_o supply_n be_v send_v by_o the_o suevi_n and_o thereupon_o he_o accept_v the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o ubii_n and_o inquire_v the_o way_n and_o the_o passage_n to_o the_o suevi_n some_o few_o day_n after_o he_o understand_v by_o the_o ubii_n that_o the_o suevi_n have_v bring_v all_o their_o force_n to_o one_o place_n and_o have_v command_v such_o nation_n as_o be_v under_o their_o dominion_n that_o they_o shall_v send_v they_o force_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n upon_o this_o intelligence_n he_o make_v provision_n of_o corn_n &_o choose_v a_o sit_v place_n to_o encamp_v in_o he_o command_v the_o ubii_n to_o take_v their_o cattle_n and_o all_o their_o other_o good_n from_o abroad_o out_o of_o the_o field_n into_o their_o town_n hope_v that_o the_o barbarous_a and_o unskilful_a man_n
persuade_v the_o hedui_n diligent_o to_o make_v supply_n of_o necessary_a provision_n he_o send_v to_o the_o boii_n to_o advertise_v they_o of_o his_o come_n to_o encourage_v they_o to_o continue_v loyal_a and_o noble_o to_o resist_v the_o assault_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o leave_v two_o legion_n with_o the_o carriage_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n at_o agendicum_n he_o march_v towards_o the_o boii_n the_o next_o day_n come_v to_o a_o town_n of_o the_o senones_n call_v vellaunodunum_n he_o determine_v to_o take_v it_o in_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v leave_v no_o enemy_n behind_o he_o which_o may_v hinder_v a_o speedy_a supply_n of_o victual_n and_o in_o two_o day_n he_o enclose_v it_o about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n the_o three_o day_n some_o be_v send_v out_o touch_v the_o give_v up_o of_o the_o town_n he_o command_v all_o their_o arm_n and_o their_o cattle_n to_o be_v bring_v out_o and_o six_o hundred_o pledge_n to_o be_v deliver_v leave_v c._n trebonius_n a_o legate_n to_o see_v it_o perform_v he_o himself_o make_v all_o speed_n towards_o genabum_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o man_n of_o chartres_n who_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o hear_v of_o the_o take_n in_o of_o vellaunodunum_n persuade_v themselves_o the_o matter_n will_v not_o rest_v so_o they_o resolve_v to_o put_v a_o strong_a garrison_n into_o genabum_n thither_o come_v caesar_n within_o two_o day_n and_o encamp_v himself_o before_o the_o town_n the_o evening_n draw_v on_o he_o put_v off_o the_o assault_n unto_o the_o next_o day_n command_v the_o soldier_n to_o prepare_v in_o a_o readiness_n such_o thing_n as_o shall_v be_v necessary_a for_o that_o service_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o town_n of_o genabum_n have_v a_o bridge_n lead_v over_o the_o river_n loire_n he_o fear_v lest_o they_o of_o the_o town_n will_v steal_v away_o in_o the_o night_n for_o prevention_n whereof_o he_o command_v two_o legion_n to_o watch_v all_o night_n in_o arm_n the_o townsman_n a_o little_a before_o midnight_n go_v out_o quiet_o and_o begin_v to_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n which_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o scout_n caesar_n with_o the_o legion_n which_o he_o have_v ready_a in_o arm_n burn_v the_o gate_n and_o enter_v the_o town_n take_v it_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v take_v and_o a_o very_a few_o escape_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o bridge_n and_o the_o way_n which_o shut_v in_o the_o multitude_n the_o town_n be_v sack_v and_o burn_v and_o give_v for_o a_o booty_n to_o the_o soldier_n he_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n loire_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o bituriges_n the_o first_o observation_n it_o be_v a_o know_v and_o a_o approve_a saying_n e_z malis_fw-la minimum_fw-la est_fw-la eligendum_fw-la of_o evil_n the_o least_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v but_o in_o a_o presentment_n of_o evil_n to_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v the_o difference_n and_o to_o choose_v the_o least_o hic_fw-la labour_n hoc_fw-la opus_fw-la here_o be_v all_o the_o skill_n and_o work_v vercingetorix_n besiege_v gergovia_n a_o stipendiary_a town_n belong_v to_o the_o hedui_n auvergne_n that_o of_o long_a time_n have_v serve_v the_o roman_a empire_n at_o such_o a_o time_n of_o the_o year_n as_o will_v not_o afford_v provision_n of_o victual_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o army_n but_o with_o great_a difficulty_n and_o inconvenience_n of_o carriage_n and_o convoy_n caesar_n be_v much_o perplex_v whether_o he_o shall_v forbear_v to_o succour_v the_o town_n and_o raise_v the_o siege_n or_o undergo_v the_o hazard_n of_o long_a and_o tedious_a convoy_n a_o matter_n often_o fall_v into_o dispute_n although_o it_o be_v in_o other_o term_n whether_o honesty_n or_o honourable_a respect_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o private_a ease_n and_o particular_a commodity_n caesar_n have_v declare_v himself_o touch_v this_o point_n prefer_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o majesty_n of_o their_o empire_n and_o the_o reputation_n which_o they_o desire_v to_o hold_v touch_v assistance_n and_o protection_n of_o their_o friend_n before_o any_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o their_o army_n and_o not_o without_o good_a reason_n which_o may_v be_v draw_v as_o well_o from_o the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o cause_n as_o from_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o effect_n for_o duty_n of_o virtue_n and_o respect_n of_o honesty_n as_o the_o noble_a part_n of_o the_o mind_n do_v not_o only_o challenge_v the_o service_n of_o the_o inferior_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n but_o do_v also_o command_v the_o body_n and_o the_o casaulty_n thereof_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o be_v fit_v the_o excellency_n of_o their_o prerogative_n for_o otherwise_o virtue_n will_v find_v but_o bare_a attendance_n and_o may_v leave_v her_o sceptre_n for_o want_v of_o lawful_a authority_n and_o therefore_o caesar_n choose_v rather_o to_o adventure_v the_o army_n upon_o the_o casualty_n of_o hard_a provision_n then_o to_o blemish_v the_o roman_a name_n with_o the_o infamy_n of_o disloyalty_n which_o be_v less_o dangerous_a also_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o effect_n for_o where_o the_o bond_n be_v of_o value_n there_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v great_a and_o if_o that_o tie_n have_v be_v break_v and_o their_o opinion_n deceive_v touch_v the_o expectation_n of_o assistance_n and_o help_n all_o gallia_n may_v have_v have_v just_a cause_n of_o revolt_n and_o disclaim_v the_o roman_a government_n for_o non-protection_n to_o conclude_v then_o let_v no_o man_n deceive_v himself_o in_o the_o present_a benefit_n which_o private_a respect_n may_v bring_v upon_o the_o refusal_n of_o honest_a regard_n for_o the_o end_n will_v be_v a_o witness_n of_o the_o error_n and_o prove_v honesty_n to_o be_v best_a policy_n the_o second_o observation_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o some_o writer_n thing_n that_o caesar_n never_o undertake_v any_o action_n or_o at_o the_o least_o bring_v it_o not_o to_o trial_n but_o he_o first_o assure_v himself_o of_o these_o four_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v provision_n of_o victual_n as_o the_o very_a foundation_n of_o warlike_a expedition_n whereof_o i_o have_v already_o treat_v in_o the_o first_o commentary_n the_o difficulty_n whereof_o make_v he_o so_o doubtful_a to_o undertake_v the_o relief_n of_o gergovia_n and_o doubtless_o whosoever_o go_v about_o any_o enterprise_n of_o war_n without_o certain_a mean_n of_o victual_n and_o provision_n must_v either_o carry_v a_o army_n of_o chameleon_n that_o may_v live_v by_o the_o air_n or_o intend_v nothing_o but_o to_o build_v castle_n in_o the_o air_n or_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o find_v his_o enemy_n either_o in_o his_o bosom_n or_o as_o the_o proverb_n be_v in_o plutarch_n 〈◊〉_d to_o leap_v on_o his_o belly_n with_o both_o his_o foot_n the_o second_o thing_n be_v provision_n of_o all_o necessary_n which_o may_v be_v of_o use_n in_o that_o service_n wherewith_o he_o always_o so_o abound_v that_o there_o may_v rather_o want_v occasion_n to_o use_v they_o than_o he_o be_v want_v to_o answer_v occasion_n and_o these_o be_v the_o instrument_n whereby_o he_o make_v such_o admirable_a work_n such_o bridge_n such_o mount_n such_o trench_n such_o huge_a armada_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o sea-fight_n with_o the_o maritime_a city_n of_o gallia_n 3._o according_a to_o which_o his_o former_a custom_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o day_n be_v far_o spend_v before_o he_o come_v to_o genabum_n he_o command_v such_o thing_n to_o be_v sit_v and_o have_v in_o a_o readiness_n as_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o siege_n the_o next_o day_n the_o three_o thing_n be_v a_o army_n for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o old_a soldier_n who_o the_o roman_n call_v veteram_fw-la whereof_o he_o be_v likewise_o at_o this_o time_n provide_v for_o the_o two_o legion_n which_o be_v fresh_a and_o late_o inrole_v he_o leave_v at_o agendâ—cum_n with_o the_o carriage_n take_v only_o the_o old_a soldier_n for_o this_o service_n as_o know_v that_o in_o pugna_fw-la usum_fw-la amplius_fw-la prodesse_fw-la quam_fw-la vires_fw-la usefulness_n be_v more_o serviceable_a in_o war_n then_o number_n the_o four_o thing_n be_v the_o trial_n and_o experience_n of_o the_o enemy_n force_n which_o the_o former_a victory_n assure_v he_o to_o be_v inferior_a to_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v always_o a_o rule_n in_o the_o roman_a discipline_n as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v â—_o by_o light_n and_o easy_a skirmish_n to_o acquaint_v the_o soldier_n with_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o enemy_n fight_v ne_o eos_fw-la novum_fw-la bellum_fw-la novus_fw-la hostess_fw-la terreret_fw-la lest_o a_o new_a kind_n of_o fight_n or_o enemy_n may_v affright_v they_o as_o lâ—vy_n say_v chap._n vi_o caesar_n take_v in_o noviodunum_n and_o beat_v the_o enemy_n come_v to_o rescue_v the_o town_n vercingetorix_n understanding_n of_o caesar_n come_n caesar_n leave_v the_o siege_n and_o go_v to_o meet_v he_o caesar_n resolve_v to_o take_v
therefore_o they_o may_v well_o go_v together_o to_o make_v a_o triplicity_n of_o evil_n according_a to_o the_o say_n ignis_fw-la mare_fw-la populus_fw-la tria_fw-la mala_fw-la fire_n the_o sea_n and_o the_o rabble_n multitude_n be_v three_o evil_n vercingetorix_n have_v both_o his_o hand_n full_a in_o this_o service_n for_o his_o care_n be_v no_o less_o to_o keep_v the_o gall_n from_o be_v distaste_v then_o to_o make_v his_o party_n good_a against_o caesar_n it_o be_v dispute_v touch_v the_o government_n of_o a_o multitude_n whether_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v severe_a or_o obsequious_a multitude_n tacitus_n say_v peremptory_o that_o in_o multitudine_fw-la regenda_fw-la plus_fw-la poena_fw-la quam_fw-la obsequium_fw-la valet_fw-la foul_a mean_n do_v more_o than_o fair_a to_o the_o govern_n of_o a_o multitude_n but_o he_o understand_v such_o a_o multitude_n as_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o commander_n either_o by_o ancient_a service_n or_o the_o interest_n of_o regal_a authority_n whereby_o they_o be_v tie_v to_o obedience_n by_o hereditary_a duty_n and_o can_v refuse_v that_o which_o custom_n prescribe_v for_o otherwise_o where_o the_o people_n stand_v free_a from_o such_o bond_n and_o have_v submit_v themselves_o to_o government_n for_o some_o special_a service_n there_o clemency_n or_o obsequious_a smooth_a prevail_v more_o than_o the_o severity_n of_o command_n according_a to_o the_o say_n homines_fw-la duci_fw-la volunt_fw-la non_fw-la cogi_fw-la man_n will_v be_v lead_v by_o fair_a mean_n not_o compel_v upon_o a_o dissension_n which_o happen_v at_o rome_n between_o the_o people_n and_o the_o senate_n the_o people_n be_v present_o send_v into_o the_o field_n under_o the_o lead_n of_o two_o senator_n quintius_n and_o appius_n claudius_n appius_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o cruelty_n and_o severity_n be_v not_o obey_v by_o his_o soldier_n but_o forsake_v his_o province_n and_o return_v non_fw-fr proficient_a they_o will_v do_v nothing_o quintius_n be_v courteous_a and_o benign_a have_v a_o obedient_a army_n and_o come_v home_o a_o conqueror_n in_o the_o like_a term_n do_v vercingetorix_n stand_v with_o the_o gall_n who_o not_o long_o before_o be_v all_o of_o equal_a authority_n and_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o common_a cause_n have_v submit_v themselves_o to_o order_n and_o government_n and_o therefore_o he_o carry_v himself_o according_o but_o with_o some_o cunning_n too_o for_o he_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o abuse_v the_o beast_n and_o to_o present_v they_o with_o a_o lesson_n of_o deceit_n teach_v to_o servant_n and_o roman_a slave_n as_o the_o confession_n of_o legionarie_a soldier_n which_o be_v a_o liberty_n that_o have_v ever_o be_v allow_v to_o such_o as_o have_v the_o manage_n of_o a_o unruly_a multitude_n who_o have_v make_v as_o much_o use_n of_o the_o false_a rein_n as_o the_o bit_n or_o the_o spur_n or_o any_o other_o help_v belong_v to_o that_o art_n chap._n xi_o caesar_n continue_v the_o siege_n at_o avaricum_n and_o describe_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n in_o gallia_n by_o the_o singular_a valour_n of_o our_o soldier_n all_o the_o counsel_n and_o device_n of_o the_o gall_n be_v make_v void_a and_o of_o none_o effect_n caesar_n for_o they_o be_v a_o nation_n of_o great_a dexterity_n apt_a to_o imitate_v and_o make_v any_o thing_n which_o they_o see_v other_o man_n do_v before_o they_o for_o they_o turn_v aside_o the_o hook_n with_o rope_n and_o draw_v they_o into_o the_o town_n with_o engine_n they_o withdraw_v the_o earth_n from_o the_o mount_n with_o mine_n with_o their_o great_a skill_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o iron_n mine_n wherein_o they_o be_v much_o practise_v they_o set_v up_o tower_n upon_o every_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o raw_a hide_n they_o sally_v out_o of_o the_o town_n night_n and_o day_n and_o either_o set_a fire_n to_o the_o mount_n or_o assault_v the_o soldier_n as_o they_o be_v at_o work_n they_o do_v every_o day_n make_v their_o tower_n equal_a to_o that_o height_n of_o our_o tower_n which_o the_o daily_a increase_n of_o the_o mount_n have_v add_v to_o their_o height_n they_o hinder_v the_o open_a trench_n and_o keep_v they_o from_o approach_v the_o wall_n with_o sharp_a burn_a stake_n cast_v into_o they_o with_o hot_a pitch_n and_o with_o great_a stone_n all_o their_o wall_n be_v almost_o of_o this_o fashion_n long_o strait_a beam_n be_v place_v upon_o the_o ground_n with_o a_o equal_a distance_n of_o two_o foot_n one_o from_o another_o and_o bind_v together_o on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o fasten_v with_o great_a store_n of_o earth_n the_o distance_n between_o the_o beam_n be_v fill_v and_o fit_v with_o great_a stone_n in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o wall_n these_o be_v thus_o place_v and_o fasten_v with_o mortar_n another_o such_o a_o course_n be_v lay_v upon_o that_o keep_v always_o the_o same_o distance_n so_o as_o one_o beam_n be_v not_o lay_v upon_o another_o but_o in_o the_o second_o rank_n place_v they_o upon_o the_o distance_n fill_v up_o with_o stone_n and_o so_o forward_o until_o the_o wall_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o due_a height_n this_o fashion_n as_o it_o be_v a_o work_n not_o deform_v either_o in_o show_n or_o variety_n observe_v alternate_a course_n of_o beam_n and_o stone_n which_o keep_v their_o order_n by_o even_a line_n so_o be_v it_o profitable_a also_o and_o very_o much_o advantage_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o town_n for_o as_o the_o stone_n keep_v it_o from_o burn_a so_o do_v the_o wood_n from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o ram_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o beam_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n forty_o foot_n long_o and_o can_v neither_o be_v break_v nor_o pull_v out_o the_o first_o observation_n this_o chapter_n do_v in_o some_o part_n express_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o siege_n in_o ancient_a time_n town_n and_o the_o mean_n which_o the_o defendant_n have_v to_o frustrate_v the_o assault_n and_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n beside_o the_o ram_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v to_o shake_v and_o overthrow_v the_o wall_n whereof_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v they_o have_v common_o great_a hook_n of_o iron_n to_o catch_v hold_n of_o a_o turret_n and_o to_o pull_v it_o over_o the_o wall_n or_o to_o pull_v down_o the_o parapet_n or_o to_o disturb_v any_o work_n which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o wall_n these_o hook_n be_v use_v by_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n be_v cover_v with_o vine_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o handle_v the_o ram_n and_o be_v avert_v and_o put_v off_o by_o the_o ingenious_a practice_n of_o the_o gall_n with_o rope_n cast_v and_o ensnare_v about_o they_o and_o then_o by_o force_n of_o engine_n draw_v into_o the_o town_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o open_a trench_n by_o which_o the_o roman_n make_v their_o approach_n to_o the_o wall_n be_v answer_v from_o the_o town_n with_o stake_n or_o pile_n harden_v at_o the_o end_n with_o fire_n and_o then_o cast_v into_o they_o to_o hinder_v such_o as_o be_v at_o work_n together_o with_o seethe_a pitch_n and_o great_a stone_n furthermore_o as_o the_o roman_n raise_v their_o mount_n and_o bring_v matter_n unto_o it_o to_o enlarge_v it_o in_o breadth_n and_o height_n so_o do_v the_o gall_n undermine_v it_o and_o draw_v the_o earth_n away_o or_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n to_o burn_v it_o for_o as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v in_o the_o description_n of_o a_o mount_n it_o be_v make_v as_o well_o with_o wood_n and_o timber_n as_o with_o earth_n and_o stone_n they_o strengthen_v their_o wall_n with_o turret_n and_o tower_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o raw_a hide_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o burn_a and_o as_o the_o roman_n mount_v in_o height_n with_o their_o turret_n and_o engine_n so_o the_o gall_n raise_v their_o tower_n answerable_a unto_o they_o that_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o town_n they_o may_v sight_v with_o equal_a advantage_n and_o thus_o they_o proceed_v both_o in_o the_o offensive_a and_o defensive_a part_n as_o far_o as_o either_o valour_n or_o wit_n can_v improve_v those_o mean_n which_o be_v then_o in_o use_n in_o besiege_v a_o town_n the_o second_o observation_n it_o be_v the_o use_n of_o all_o nation_n to_o fortify_v their_o strong_a town_n with_o such_o wall_n as_o may_v make_v best_a defence_n against_o the_o practice_n of_o those_o time_n wherein_o they_o live_v touch_v the_o take_n and_o besiege_v of_o town_n so_o the_o gall_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o caesar_n raise_v their_o wall_n of_o wood_n and_o stone_n lay_v in_o mutual_a course_n one_o with_o another_o that_o the_o wood_n may_v make_v void_a the_o violence_n of_o the_o ram_n and_o the_o stone_n keep_v it_o from_o burn_v with_o fire_n day_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v the_o mean_n to_o assault_v and_o overthrow_v a_o wall_n in_o these_o time_n the_o wall_n of_o strong_a and_o fortify_v town_n be_v only_o make_v
or_o any_o other_o way_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n chap._n xxii_o asranius_n seek_v to_o take_v the_o straits_n between_o certain_a mountain_n but_o be_v prevent_v by_o caesar_n the_o next_o day_n follow_v petreius_n go_v out_o secret_o with_o a_o few_o horse_n to_o discover_v the_o country_n and_o for_o the_o samepurpose_o some_o go_v likewise_o out_o of_o caesar_n camp_n l._n decidius_n saxa_n be_v send_v with_o a_o small_a troup_n to_o view_v the_o site_n of_o the_o place_n and_o either_o party_n return_v with_o the_o same_o report_n that_o for_o 〈…〉_z five_o mile_n the_o way_n be_v open_a and_o champain_n and_o afterward_o very_o rough_a and_o mountainous_a and_o whosoever_o first_o take_v those_o straight_o may_v easy_o impeach_v the_o enemy_n from_o go_v further_o the_o matter_n be_v dispute_v in_o the_o council_n of_o war_n by_o petreius_n and_o afranius_n the_o time_n of_o their_o set_n forward_o be_v debate_v 4._o most_o of_o they_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o take_v their_o journey_n in_o the_o night_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v they_o may_v come_v to_o those_o straits_n before_o it_o be_v perceive_v other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o steal_v out_o in_o the_o night_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o cry_n of_o rise_v take_v up_o the_o night_n before_o in_o caesar_n camp_n upon_o their_o remove_n and_o caesar_n horseman_n do_v so_o range_v abroad_o in_o the_o night_n that_o all_o place_n and_o passage_n be_v keep_v and_o shut_v up_o neither_o be_v they_o to_o give_v occasion_n of_o night_n fight_v but_o to_o avoid_v the_o same_o by_o all_o the_o mean_n they_o can_v forasmuch_o as_o in_o civil_a dissension_n the_o ordinary_a soldier_n will_v rather_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v over_o master_v by_o fear_n then_o continue_v firm_a in_o the_o allegiance_n which_o he_o have_v swear_v unto_o whereas_o in_o the_o day_n time_n every_o man_n have_v shame_n and_o dishonour_n before_o his_o eye_n together_o with_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o centurion_n and_o tribune_n with_o which_o respect_v a_o soldier_n be_v restrain_v and_o keep_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o duty_n and_o therefore_o the_o attempt_n be_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o be_v undertake_v in_o the_o day_n time_n and_o although_o it_o â—ell_v out_o to_o some_o loss_n yet_o nevertheless_o the_o body_n of_o the_o army_n may_v pass_v in_o safety_n and_o possess_v that_o place_n which_o they_o seek_v for_o this_o opinion_n prevail_v in_o their_o consultation_n they_o determine_v by_o break_n of_o day_n the_o next_o mornning_n to_o set_v forward_o caesar_n have_v diligent_o view_v the_o country_n as_o soon_o as_o day_n begin_v to_o appear_v draw_v all_o his_o force_n out_o of_o his_o camp_n and_o march_v forward_o in_o a_o great_a circuit_n miâ—aces_fw-la keep_v no_o direct_a way_n for_o the_o way_n which_o lead_v to_o iberus_n and_o octogesa_n be_v take_v up_o with_o the_o enemy_n camp_n insomuch_o as_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v over_o great_a and_o difficult_a valley_n and_o in_o many_o place_n break_a rock_n and_o stone_n do_v so_o hinder_v they_o that_o they_o be_v necessary_o force_v to_o give_v their_o weapon_n from_o hand_n to_o hand_n the_o soldier_n lift_v up_o one_o another_o and_o so_o they_o pass_v most_o part_n of_o the_o way_n howsoever_o â—_o no_o man_n think_v much_o of_o the_o labour_n for_o that_o they_o hope_v to_o give_v a_o end_n to_o all_o their_o travel_n if_o they_o can_v keep_v the_o enemy_n from_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n iâ—erus_n and_o cut_v off_o his_o cheval_n at_o the_o first_o afranius_n soldier_n run_v joyful_o out_o of_o their_o camp_n to_o see_v the_o army_n cast_v out_o word_n of_o derision_n and_o reproach_n that_o for_o want_v of_o victual_n they_o flee_v and_o return_v to_o ilerda_n for_o the_o way_n they_o hold_v be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o that_o they_o intend_v whereby_o they_o seem_v to_o go_v back_o again_o and_o the_o commander_n themselves_o do_v much_o approve_v their_o own_o counsel_n that_o they_o have_v keep_v their_o troop_n within_o the_o camp_n for_o that_o which_o confirm_v they_o in_o their_o opinion_n be_v that_o they_o perceive_v they_o be_v come_v out_o without_o their_o carriage_n whereby_o they_o hope_v necessity_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o continue_v long_o there_o but_o when_o they_o see_v the_o troop_n by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o wind_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o that_o they_o perceive_v how_o those_o that_o be_v in_o front_n have_v fall_v backward_o beyond_o their_o camp_n there_o be_v no_o man_n so_o dull_a but_o think_v it_o expedient_a present_o to_o march_v out_o and_o make_v head_n against_o they_o whereupon_o they_o cry_v to_o arm_n and_o all_o their_o force_n except_v some_o few_o cohort_n which_o be_v leave_v to_o keep_v the_o camp_n go_v out_o and_o march_v direct_o towards_o iberus_n the_o whole_a business_n consist_v in_o speed_n and_o celerity_n which_o of_o the_o two_o shall_v first_o take_v the_o straits_n and_o possess_v the_o hill_n caesar_n army_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o way_n and_o afranius_n party_n be_v retard_v by_o caesar_n cavalry_n the_o matter_n be_v come_v to_o that_o upshot_n that_o if_o afranius_n party_n do_v first_o get_v the_o hill_n they_o may_v haply_o quâ—â—_n themselves_o of_o danger_n but_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n and_o the_o cohort_n leave_v in_o the_o camp_n can_v not_o be_v save_v for_o be_v intercept_v and_o seclude_v by_o caesar_n army_n there_o be_v no_o mean_n to_o relieve_v they_o it_o 〈◊〉_d that_o caesar_n first_o attain_v the_o place_n and_o be_v come_v out_o from_o among_o those_o great_a rock_n into_o a_o plain_a champain_n put_v his_o army_n in_o order_n of_o battle_n against_o the_o enemy_n afranius_n see_v the_o enemy_n in_o front_n and_o his_o rearward_n hardly_o charge_v by_o caesar_n cavalry_n get_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o small_a hill_n &_o there_o make_v his_o stand_n and_o from_o thence_o send_v four_o cohort_n bear_v round_a buckler_n unto_o a_o mountain_n which_o in_o all_o man_n sight_n be_v high_a than_o the_o rest_n command_v they_o to_o run_v as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v and_o possess_v that_o hill_n intend_v to_o follow_v after_o with_o all_o his_o force_n and_o alter_v his_o course_n to_o get_v along_o the_o ridge_n and_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n to_o octogesa_n as_o the_o cohort_n be_v advance_v forward_o by_o a_o oblique_a circuit_n caesar_n cavalry_n perceive_v their_o intendment_n set_v upon_o they_o with_o such_o violence_n that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a any_o time_n to_o bear_v their_o charge_n but_o be_v surround_v by_o they_o and_o all_o cut_n in_o piece_n in_o the_o fight_n of_o both_o army_n the_o first_o observation_n 〈◊〉_d petreius_n and_o afranius_n in_o their_o council_n of_o war_n resolve_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o shun_v night_n encounter_n as_o a_o thing_n full_a of_o hazard_n and_o uncertainty_n and_o apt_a for_o looseness_n and_o disobedience_n for_o the_o night_n be_v neither_o a_o discoverer_n of_o error_n nor_o yet_o a_o distinguisher_n either_o of_o action_n or_o person_n but_o wrap_v up_o both_o the_o virtuous_a and_o the_o faulty_a in_o her_o mantle_n of_o obscurity_n do_v not_o admit_v of_o direction_n to_o follow_v a_o opportunity_n or_o to_o help_v a_o mistake_n but_o rather_o give_v way_n to_o impunity_n and_o licentious_a confusion_n leave_v no_o hope_n of_o what_o be_v wish_v flagitium_fw-la whereas_o the_o light_n be_v a_o witness_n of_o every_o man_n demeanour_n and_o have_v both_o honour_n and_o rebuke_v to_o make_v duty_n respect_v for_o which_o cause_n 〈…〉_z curio_n as_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o commentary_n in_o his_o harangue_n before_o that_o untimely_a expedition_n against_o king_n juba_n thus_o reject_v their_o advice_n that_o will_v have_v have_v he_o set_v forward_o in_o the_o night_n at_o etiam_fw-la ut_fw-la media_fw-la nocte_fw-la proficiscamur_fw-la addunt_fw-la quo_fw-la majorem_fw-la credo_fw-la licentiam_fw-la habeant_fw-la qui_fw-la peccare_fw-la conantur_fw-la namque_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la res_fw-la aut_fw-la pudore_fw-la aut_fw-la metu_fw-la tenentur_fw-la quibus_fw-la rebus_fw-la nox_fw-la maxim_n adversaria_fw-la est_fw-la further_o than_o this_o they_o advise_v we_o to_o set_v out_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o night_n that_o so_o i_o think_v those_o man_n who_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o do_v mischief_n may_v take_v the_o great_a liberty_n for_o in_o the_o daytime_n they_o will_v be_v restrain_v either_o through_o shame_n or_o fear_n to_o both_o which_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n be_v a_o great_a adversary_n and_o that_o the_o danger_n may_v appear_v as_o well_o by_o effect_n as_o by_o discourse_n let_v the_o reader_n take_v notice_n of_o that_o battle_n by_o night_n between_o antonius_n primus_fw-la on_o the_o behalf_n of_o vespasian_n and_o the_o vitellian_a legion_n near_o unto_o
out_o to_o feed_v and_o go_v on_o their_o journey_n which_o caesar_n perceive_v rose_n and_o follow_v after_o leave_v a_o few_o cohort_n to_o keep_v the_o carriage_n and_o about_o the_o ten_o hour_n command_v the_o forager_n and_o horseman_n to_o be_v call_v back_o &_o to_o follow_v after_o instant_o the_o cavalry_n return_v and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o accustom_a charge_n the_o fight_n be_v very_o sharp_a in_o the_o rear_n insomuch_o as_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o turn_v their_o back_n mâ—ny_o soldier_n and_o some_o of_o the_o centurion_n be_v slay_v caesar_n troop_n press_v hard_o upon_o they_o and_o threaten_v the_o overthrow_n of_o their_o whole_a army_n insomuch_o as_o they_o have_v neither_o mean_n to_o choose_v a_o fit_a place_n to_o incamp_v in_o nor_o to_o proceed_v forward_o in_o their_o march_n whereby_o they_o be_v necessary_o enforce_v to_o make_v a_o stand_n and_o to_o pâ—â—h_v their_o camp_n far_o from_o any_o water_n in_o a_o unequal_a and_o disadvantageous_a place_n but_o caesar_n forbear_v to_o meddle_v with_o they_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o have_v be_v former_o declare_v and_o for_o that_o day_n will_v not_o suffer_v the_o soldier_n to_o set_v up_o their_o tent_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o ready_a to_o follow_v after_o at_o what_o time_n soever_o by_o night_n or_o by_o day_n they_o shall_v offer_v to_o break_v away_o the_o enemy_n have_v observe_v the_o defect_n of_o our_o camp_n employ_v all_o that_o night_n in_o advance_v their_o work_n and_o in_o cast_v their_o camp_n with_o a_o opposite_a front_n to_o our_o army_n the_o like_a they_o do_v all_o the_o next_o day_n but_o so_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o by_o how_o much_o their_o camp_n be_v bring_v far_o on_o and_o the_o fortification_n grow_v near_a to_o finish_v by_o so_o much_o far_o off_o they_o be_v from_o water_n and_o so_o remedy_v one_o evil_a with_o a_o worse_a mischief_n the_o first_o night_n none_o of_o they_o go_v out_o of_o their_o camp_n to_o fetch_v water_n and_o the_o next_o day_n they_o lead_v out_o all_o their_o troop_n together_o to_o water_n but_o send_v no_o man_n out_o to_o forage_v whereby_o caesar_n find_v they_o oppress_v with_o many_o inconvenience_n choose_v rather_o to_o force_v they_o to_o a_o composition_n then_o to_o fight_v with_o they_o the_o observation_n in_o this_o troublesome_a and_o confuse_a retreat_n which_o these_o commander_n undertake_v to_o regain_v the_o advantage_n that_o former_o they_o have_v quit_v at_o ilerda_n we_o may_v observe_v the_o difficulty_n attend_v a_o weak_a party_n when_o they_o will_v free_v themselves_o from_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o strong_a confront_v enemy_n for_o the_o frailty_n of_o humane_a fortune_n be_v always_o so_o yoke_v with_o encumbrance_n and_o have_v so_o many_o let_v from_o the_o native_a weakness_n of_o its_o own_o endeavour_n that_o if_o the_o opposition_n of_o foreign_a malice_n shall_v therewithal_o unhappy_o concur_v to_o stop_v the_o current_n of_o our_o desire_n there_o be_v little_a hope_n of_o better_a success_n then_o that_o which_o the_o ordinary_a condition_n of_o extremity_n do_v afford_v which_o be_v to_o hazard_v the_o peril_n of_o a_o wound_n in_o seek_v to_o avoid_v the_o smart_n of_o a_o rod_n charybdim_n and_o to_o fall_v into_o scylla_n upon_o a_o desire_n we_o have_v to_o shun_v charybdis_n according_a as_o it_o befall_v this_o party_n wherein_o let_v we_o far_o note_v the_o advantage_n which_o a_o commander_n have_v either_o to_o take_v or_o leave_v when_o he_o be_v able_a to_o overmaster_v the_o enemy_n in_o cavalry_n for_o the_o horseman_n serve_v a_o army_n royal_a by_o make_v discovery_n by_o forage_v by_o give_v rescue_n upon_o a_o sudden_a by_o do_v execution_n and_o retard_v a_o enemy_n in_o his_o march_n if_o overawe_v by_o the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o enemy_n they_o can_v perform_v these_o service_n as_o be_v requisite_a the_o contrary_a party_n be_v the_o strong_a by_o so_o many_o advantage_n chap._n xxvi_o caesar_n go_v about_o to_o enclose_v the_o enemy_n and_o he_o to_o hinder_v caesar_n howbeit_o caesar_n labour_v to_o enclose_v they_o about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n câ—sar_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v with_o better_a ease_n hinder_v their_o sudden_a sally_n and_o eruption_n to_o which_o he_o think_v the_o enemy_n will_v necessary_o betake_v themselves_o the_o enemy_n be_v streighten_v for_o want_n of_o forage_n and_o to_o the_o end_n also_o they_o may_v be_v the_o ready_a to_o escape_v away_o cause_v all_o their_o horse_n of_o carriage_n to_o be_v kill_v and_o in_o these_o work_n and_o consultation_n be_v two_o day_n spend_v the_o three_o day_n a_o great_a part_n of_o caesar_n work_n be_v already_o perfect_v the_o enemy_n to_o hinder_v the_o business_n intend_v concern_v the_o fortification_n about_o two_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n make_v the_o alarm_n dâ—to_fw-la bring_v out_o the_o legion_n and_o imbattel_v themselves_o under_o their_o camp_n caesar_n call_v back_o the_o legion_n from_o their_o work_n and_o command_v all_o his_o horse_n to_o troup_n together_o put_v his_o army_n in_o battle_n for_o have_v make_v such_o a_o show_n of_o unwillingness_n to_o buckle_v with_o the_o enemy_n against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o opinion_n of_o all_o man_n he_o find_v himself_o subject_a thereupon_o to_o much_o inconvenience_n bellum_fw-la howbeit_o he_o be_v resolve_v for_o the_o reason_n already_o specify_v not_o to_o strike_v a_o battle_n and_o the_o rather_o at_o this_o time_n for_o that_o the_o space_n between_o his_o camp_n and_o the_o enemy_n be_v so_o little_a that_o if_o he_o have_v put_v they_o to_o flight_n it_o can_v not_o have_v much_o avail_v he_o for_o the_o gain_n of_o a_o perfect_a and_o absolute_a victory_n for_o their_o camp_n be_v not_o above_o two_o thousand_o foot_n asunder_o hostem_fw-la whereof_o the_o army_n take_v up_o two_o part_n and_o the_o three_o be_v leave_v for_o incursion_n and_o assault_n so_o that_o if_o he_o have_v give_v battle_n in_o that_o nearness_n of_o the_o camp_n they_o will_v have_v find_v a_o speedy_a retreat_n upon_o their_o overthrow_n 4_o for_o which_o cause_n he_o resolve_v to_o stand_v upon_o his_o defence_n and_o not_o to_o give_v the_o onset_n and_o charge_v they_o first_o afranius_n have_v put_v his_o army_n in_o a_o double_a battle_n the_o first_o consist_v of_o five_o legion_n and_o the_o auxiliary_a cohort_n which_o usual_o serve_v in_o the_o wing_n be_v now_o place_v for_o succour_n and_o make_v the_o second_o battle_n casar_n army_n be_v order_v in_o a_o triple_a battle_n the_o first_o be_v of_o four_o cohort_n a_o piece_n of_o the_o five_o legion_n the_o second_o of_o three_o and_o the_o three_o again_o of_o three_o of_o each_o legion_n follow_v in_o order_n the_o archer_n and_o slinger_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n and_o the_o cavalry_n on_o the_o side_n be_v thus_o both_o imbattel_v they_o seem_v to_o obtain_v their_o several_a end_n caesar_n not_o to_o 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often_o intend_v not_o to_o deceive_v the_o opinion_n which_o other_o man_n have_v of_o their_o prowess_n and_o valour_n labienus_n second_v this_o speech_n as_o contemn_v caesar_n force_n extol_v pompey_n resolution_n to_o the_o sky_n do_v not_o think_v pompey_n say_v he_o that_o this_o be_v the_o army_n wherewith_o he_o conquer_v gallia_n or_o germania_n i_o be_v present_v myself_o at_o all_o those_o battle_n and_o do_v not_o speak_v rash_o what_o i_o be_o ignorant_a of_o there_o be_v a_o very_a small_a piece_n of_o that_o army_n remain_v a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v dead_a as_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v in_o so_o many_o battle_n the_o pestilence_n the_o last_o autumn_n in_o italy_n consume_v many_o of_o they_o many_o be_v go_v home_o and_o many_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o continent_n have_v you_o not_o hear_v that_o the_o cohort_n which_o be_v now_o at_o brundisium_n be_v make_v and_o raise_v of_o such_o as_o remain_v behind_o there_o to_o recover_v their_o health_n these_o 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