as_o public_a or_o private_a we_o call_v that_o the_o law_n public_a which_o appertain_v to_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n and_o it_o consist_v in_o thing_n holy_a in_o priest_n and_o magistrate_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o a_o commonwealth_n to_o have_v church_n in_o which_o man_n may_v address_v themselves_o to_o god_n for_o the_o forgiveness_n of_o their_o sin_n it_o be_v also_o convenient_a to_o have_v priest_n or_o minister_n by_o who_o we_o may_v be_v enjoin_v repentance_n for_o our_o sin_n and_o who_o may_v pray_v for_o we_o and_o mediate_v to_o god_n on_o our_o behalf_n for_o his_o help_n and_o providence_n and_o it_o be_v requisite_a likewise_o that_o there_o be_v magistrate_n ordain_v because_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o those_o who_o be_v appoint_v to_o precede_v as_o judge_n the_o law_n may_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n for_o it_o be_v to_o little_a purpose_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v law_n if_o there_o be_v not_o some_o to_o govern_v by_o those_o law_n 6._o law_n bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o num_fw-la 6._o 4._o that_o which_o we_o term_v private_a law_n be_v that_o which_o chief_o belong_v to_o the_o utility_n of_o particular_a person_n and_o be_v secondary_o necessary_a for_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o no_o one_o abuse_v his_o own_o and_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n what_o be_v necessary_a for_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v likewise_o secundary_o requisite_a for_o the_o profit_n of_o particular_a person_n and_o this_o private_a law_n have_v three_o foundation_n viz._n natural_a nationall_n and_o civil_a pri_fw-la civil_a bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o num_fw-la 3._o flet._n 6._o c._n pri_fw-la of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n and_o the_o law_n civil_a tit._n ii_o the_o natural_a law_n be_v that_o which_o nature_n or_o rather_o god_n have_v instill_v into_o all_o creature_n 4._o creature_n bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o num_fw-la 4._o 1._o the_o national_a law_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v that_o which_o all_o nation_n observe_v and_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o natural_a law_n because_o the_o natural_a law_n be_v that_o which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o creature_n either_o on_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o the_o air_n 6._o air_n id._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o num_fw-la 6._o from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n come_v the_o conjunction_n of_o male_a and_o female_a 445._o female_a blow_n fol._n 445._o and_o that_o which_o by_o common_a consent_n be_v call_v matrimony_n but_o this_o can_v proper_o be_v term_v a_o law_n because_o it_o be_v corporate_v and_o may_v be_v see_v for_o law_n be_v incorporal_a which_o discend_v and_o be_v introduce_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n but_o from_o this_o law_n proceed_v the_o procreation_n and_o education_n of_o child_n 304._o child_n id._n 303._o &_o 304._o and_o this_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v â—olely_o common_a to_o man_n as_o religion_n towards_o god_n that_o we_o may_v become_v assist_v both_o to_o â—ur_n parent_n and_o country_n and_o repel_v force_n â—nd_a injury_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o come_v that_o â—hatosever_v we_o do_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o own_o body_n be_v adjudge_v legal_a 7._o legal_a bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o num_fw-la 7._o from_o the_o law_n â—f_a nation_n also_o be_v servitude_n eod_a servitude_n id._n eod_a war_n distinct_a and_o divide_a nation_n several_a distinguish_v kingdom_n and_o dominion_n manumisâ—ons_n set_v of_o bound_n to_o land_n the_o build_n together_o and_o neighbour_a of_o house_n by_o â—hich_v mean_n we_o have_v our_o city_n borroughs_n â—nd_v villiage_n and_o general_o to_o this_o law_n of_o nation_n may_v be_v refer_v all_o manner_n of_o contract_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n 8._o thing_n id._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o num_fw-la 6_o 7_o 8._o 2._o the_o civil_a law_n of_o england_n usual_o â—â—lled_v common_a law_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o â—ath_v a_o threefold_a acceptation_n for_o first_o it_o be_v â—â—ken_v general_o for_o that_o law_n which_o the_o enâ—â—â—sh_a use_n distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o nation_n second_o it_o be_v take_v for_o these_o two_o court_n of_o judicature_n common_o call_v the_o bench._n the_o former_o king_n bench._n upper_a bench_n and_o the_o common_a pleas._n for_o when_o we_o say_v the_o cognisance_n of_o any_o cause_n belong_v to_o the_o common_a law_n we_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o any_o court_n baron_n county_n court_n pypowder_n court_n oâ—_n any_o such_o court_n but_o to_o one_o of_o these_o two_o judicatories_n who_o do_v most_o strict_o judge_v all_o causeâ—_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n 5._o law_n doct._n &_o stu._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o eract_v l._n 1._o c._n 5._o num_fw-la 5._o although_o there_o be_v many_o case_n in_o which_o both_o in_o the_o chancery_n and_o fxchequer_n process_n be_v issue_v upon_o original_a writ_n and_o judgement_n give_v according_a to_o common_a law_n 9_o law_n blow_n fol._n 9_o and_o three_o it_o be_v take_v for_o that_o law_n which_o we_o term_v statute_n law_n 86._o law_n cook_n l._n 3._o fâ—l_n 86._o 3_o the_o law_n of_o england_n according_a to_o somâ—_n have_v six_o principal_a foundation_n viz._n the_o laâ—_n of_o reason_n 316._o reason_n plo._n f._n 316._o the_o divine_a law_n the_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n certain_a principle_n and_o maxim_n particular_a custom_n and_o statute_n 4._o statute_n doct._n &_o stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 4._o but_o if_o we_o shall_v contract_v these_o more_o close_o we_o may_v say_v the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v twâ—_n part_n viz._n ancient_a custom_n confirm_v 〈◊〉_d the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n and_z former_o the_o king_n oath_n and_o statute_n which_o 〈◊〉_d enact_v by_o parliament_n either_o as_o supplement_n or_o amendment_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a custom_n both_o which_o be_v derive_v from_o thâ—_n law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n as_o all_o other_o law_n â—s_v whatsoever_o which_o be_v either_o just_a 〈◊〉_d reasonable_a and_o thus_o we_o fit_o divide_v 〈◊〉_d law_n into_o write_v and_o unwritten_a 13_o unwritten_a fortc_n c._n 13_o there_o be_v other_o which_o make_v our_o laâ—_n three_o fold_n viz._n common_a law_n custom_n and_o statute_n 4._o statute_n cook_n pref_o l._n 4._o 4._o our_o write_a law_n at_o least_o that_o which_o be_v in_o use_n be_v contain_v in_o statute_n pres_fw-fr statute_n cook_n l._n 3._o pres_fw-fr which_o be_v not_o make_v according_a to_o the_o prince_n pleasure_n but_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n call_v together_o former_o by_o the_o king_n for_o this_o purpose_n 7._o purpose_n fort_n c._n 9_o &_o 18_o &_o bract_v l._n 1._o c._n 2._o nu_fw-la 7._o yet_o we_o as_o heretofore_o the_o king_n approbation_n be_v necessary_o require_v 5._o and_o in_o one_o pâ—rticuler_a the_o supreme_a powâ—â—_n wheresoever_o it_o rest_v as_o in_o time_n past_o the_o king_n be_v above_o the_o law_n for_o that_o it_o may_v grant_v privilege_n at_o pleasure_n as_o to_o single_a person_n as_o to_o corporation_n and_o college_n provide_v they_o become_v not_o injurious_a to_o a_o three_o person_n 28._o person_n f._n n._n b._n fol._n 28._o in_o which_o if_o any_o doubt_n arise_v some_o say_v itself_o alone_o have_v sole_a power_n of_o interpret_n 14._o interpret_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 16._o num_fw-la 3._o brit._n c._n 63._o flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 14._o although_o other_o ascribe_v this_o power_n also_o unto_o the_o judge_n that_o such_o charrers_n may_v receive_v construction_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n altonwoods_n law_n cook_n l._n 1._o case_n altonwoods_n 6._o but_o sometime_o it_o fall_v out_o case_n arise_v which_o be_v neither_o provide_v for_o by_o custom_n or_o statute_n sufficient_o and_o there_o the_o judge_n do_v decide_v by_o like_a reason_n proceed_v accorcord_v to_o former_a precedent_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n do_v many_o time_n meat_n together_o to_o argue_v such_o case_n demurrer_n case_n new_a term_n of_o the_o law_n tit_n demurrer_n but_o if_o any_o such_o disficulty_n chance_v to_o happen_v which_o require_v a_o high_a search_n than_o judgement_n be_v recite_v until_o the_o next_o parliament_n by_o the_o council_n of_o which_o court_n it_o be_v determine_v 7._o determine_v bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 2._o num_fw-la 7._o 7._o the_o unwritten_a law_n consist_v of_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o be_v observe_v for_o law_n 21_o law_n bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 3._o num_fw-la 2._o littl._n l._n 2._o c._n 10._o cook'l_n 4._o foe_n 21_o and_o to_o the_o observation_n of_o which_o our_o king_n at_o their_o coronation_n be_v oblige_v 34._o oblige_v fort._n c._n 34._o by_o oath_n notwithstanding_o any_o of_o these_o custom_n may_v be_v alter_v or_o null_v by_o a_o statute_n 465._o statute_n doct._n stu._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o blow_n 465._o a_o custom_n be_v either_o general_a or_o particular_a a_o
twelve_o year_n old_a may_v contract_v matrimony_n as_o well_o by_o our_o law_n as_o by_o the_o civil_a 7._o civil_a bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 37._o n._n 7._o be_v then_o adjudge_v capable_a of_o a_o husband_n yet_o she_o do_v not_o so_o soon_o come_v to_o maturity_n of_o judgement_n but_o it_o be_v soon_o notwithstanding_o out_o of_o custody_n than_o a_o man_n because_o when_o she_o marry_v she_o do_v but_o alter_v her_o condition_n enter_v under_o a_o new_a power_n of_o a_o husband_n instead_o of_o the_o custody_n of_o her_o guardian_n 2._o guardian_n glan_n l._n 11._o c._n 7._o bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o n._n 2._o 1._o so_o a_o wardship_n may_v expire_v by_o the_o natural_a or_o civil_a death_n 16._o death_n v._o sus_fw-la do_fw-mi 16._o of_o the_o guardian_n which_o be_v that_o which_o we_o term_v the_o maxima_fw-la or_o media_fw-la capitis_fw-la diminutio_fw-la or_o in_o case_n the_o guardian_n shall_v give_v land_n etc._n etc._n to_o his_o ward_n or_o infeoff_v he_o for_o no_o man_n can_v be_v both_o a_o guardian_n and_o feoffor_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n 6._o time_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o n._n 6._o but_o this_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o guardian_n which_o be_v so_o by_o reason_n of_o knight_n service_n that_o they_o may_v either_o assign_v the_o custody_n of_o their_o ward_n to_o another_o or_o bequeath_v they_o among_o their_o other_o chattel_n by_o common_a custom_n to_o their_o executor_n 2_o the_o lord_n lose_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o body_n of_o his_o ward_n when_o ever_o he_o give_v he_o or_o she_o in_o matrimony_n so_o that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v the_o ward_n be_v under_o age_n to_o become_v single_a the_o second_o time_n he_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n recover_v he_o into_o his_o custody_n 4_o custody_n lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4_o of_o tutor_n or_o overseer_n tit._n xxiii_o man_n though_o full_o grow_v and_o woman_n though_o marriageable_a be_v among_o the_o roman_n to_o receive_v tutor_n until_o they_o arrive_v at_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o age_n notwithstanding_o that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o with_o we_o beyond_o the_o age_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o and_o that_o in_o case_n where_o they_o have_v not_o any_o before_o either_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o tenure_n or_o necessity_n of_o the_o law_n however_o we_o include_v tutor_n and_o overseer_n under_o the_o name_n of_o guardian_n although_o it_o be_v apparent_a those_o to_o be_v more_o proper_a in_o relation_n to_o the_o person_n these_o to_o the_o estate_n 20._o estate_n v._o tit_n 14._o sect._n 4._o in_o inst_z &_o a_o the_o ritâ—_n nuptiarum_fw-la l._n sciendum_fw-la 20._o 1._o to_o some_o also_o the_o law_n appoint_v tutor_n and_o overseer_n for_o by_o the_o statute_n the_o king_n have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o land_n of_o natural_a idiot_n receive_v the_o profis_n without_o waste_n and_o destruction_n and_o find_v they_o necessary_n without_o any_o regard_n have_v of_o who_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v which_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o idiot_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o the_o right_a heir_n so_o that_o they_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n be_v alien_v by_o the_o idiot_n or_o the_o heir_n disinherit_v 126._o disinherit_v 17_o ed._n 2._o brit._n 167._o stan._n prerog_n c._n 9_o bract._n l._n 5._o trac_fw-la 5_o c._n 20._o n._n 1._o dyer_n 102._o coâ—_n l._n 4._o 126._o fleta_n affirm_v 11._o affirm_v l._n 1._o c._n 11._o that_o ancient_o idiot_n be_v under_o the_o custody_n of_o their_o own_o lord_n but_o that_o for_o the_o many_o exheredation_n that_o happen_v their_o guardianshipp_n be_v confer_v by_o parliament_n upon_o the_o king_n yet_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o those_o who_o it_o concern_v shall_v loose_v nothing_o which_o be_v their_o due_n either_o for_o service_n rent_n releif_n of_o their_o right_n of_o guardianship_n till_o they_o come_v to_o full_a age_n according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o their_o fee_n 2._o so_o also_o where_o it_o happen_v that_o any_o one_o who_o former_o have_v both_o memory_n and_o understanding_n become_v non_fw-la compos_fw-la mentis_fw-la as_o some_o be_v who_o have_v lucida_n intervalla_fw-la the_o king_n shall_v take_v care_n that_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n of_o such_o shall_v be_v keep_v without_o waste_n or_o destruction_n and_o that_o he_o and_o his_o family_n shall_v live_v competent_o and_o be_v maintain_v out_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o same_o and_o that_o the_o remainder_n of_o their_o profit_n shall_v be_v reserve_v for_o their_o use_n so_o that_o the_o say_v land_n and_o tenement_n shall_v not_o be_v by_o any_o mean_v alienate_v within_o the_o say_a time_n nor_o the_o revenue_n appropriate_v to_o the_o king_n use_n and_o that_o if_o he_o shall_v happen_v to_o die_v in_o such_o a_o condition_n that_o then_o that_o say_a remainder_n of_o the_o say_a profit_n to_o be_v dispose_v of_o by_o the_o ordinary_a for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o soul_n 127._o soul_n 17_o e._n 2._o c._n 10._o bract._n l._n 5._o tr_fw-la 5._o c._n 9_o n._n 7._o dyer_n fol._n 25._o n._n 164._o cook_n l._n 4._o 127._o 3._o those_o who_o be_v natural_o deaf_a and_o dumb_a or_o labour_n under_o any_o perpetual_a disease_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o be_v necessary_o to_o have_v guardian_n 1._o guardian_n bract._n l._n 5._o tr_fw-la 3._o c._n 6_o n._n 6._o &_o tr_fw-la 5._o c._n 18._o n._n 1._o etc._n etc._n 10._o n._n 1._o 4._o infant_n be_v not_o force_v to_o receive_v guardian_n against_o their_o will_n except_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o fee_n or_o any_o of_o the_o cause_n before_o mention_v or_o in_o case_n of_o suit_n in_o law_n and_o in_o the_o latter_a case_n oftentimes_o there_o be_v not_o only_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n assign_v to_o assist_v the_o infant_n in_o act_v but_o a_o guardian_n likewise_o to_o afford_v he_o help_v for_o his_o defence_n 27._o defence_n west_n 1._o c._n 47._o west_n 2._o c._n 15._o f._n b._n f._n 27._o 5._o notwithstanding_o which_v no_o man_n as_o guardian_n to_o a_o infant_n shall_v prosecute_v for_o he_o or_o receive_v a_o action_n without_o warrant_n but_o another_o may_v as_o his_o kinsman_n commence_v a_o action_n for_o he_o without_o express_a warrant_n ibid._n warrant_n id._n ibid._n nor_o can_v a_o infant_n disclaim_v that_o guardian_n who_o prosecute_v a_o action_n for_o he_o as_o be_v next_o of_o kin_n ibid._n kin_n id._n ibid._n 6._o a_o idiot_n bear_v be_v not_o receive_v to_o prosecute_v or_o defend_v in_o any_o action_n by_o his_o guardian_n or_o next_o of_o kin_n but_o be_v require_v always_o to_o be_v present_a in_o his_o proper_a person_n g._n person_n f._n n._n b._n fol._n 27._o g._n of_o the_o security_n which_o be_v to_o be_v give_v by_o guardian_n tit._n xxiv_o he_o that_o be_v constitute_v sole_a tutor_n or_o guardian_n by_o the_o magistrate_n or_o ordinary_a â—s_n bind_v by_o our_o law_n to_o put_v in_o security_n but_o â—efore_o he_o be_v admit_v to_o his_o office_n he_o make_v â—ath_n to_o administer_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o his_o â—ard_n to_o his_o profit_n and_o benefit_n to_o give_v a_o true_a â—nd_n faithful_a inventory_n of_o all_o his_o good_n â—nd_v to_o exhibit_v it_o by_o a_o certain_a time_n accord_v as_o the_o judge_n shall_v appoint_v as_o also_o to_o â—ender_v a_o exact_a and_o true_a account_n of_o his_o office_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v require_v from_o he_o â—esides_v all_o which_o he_o be_v to_o find_v fit_a and_o able_a surety_n joint_o with_o himself_o and_o several_o â—y_a themselves_o to_o become_v bind_v for_o his_o true_a â—nd_n faithful_a administration_n of_o his_o guardianship_n of_o the_o excuse_n of_o guardian_n it_o be_v xxv_o our_o law_n speak_v nothing_o of_o the_o excuse_n of_o guardian_n because_o no_o one_o be_v puâ—…_n upon_o this_o office_n against_o his_o will._n of_o guardian_n which_o may_v fall_v under_o suspicion_n tit._n xxvi_o our_o law_n be_v very_o careful_a in_o pâ—…_n of_o trust_v guardian_n for_o he_o that_o give_v estate_n to_o divers_a whereof_o some_o be_v of_o agâ—_n and_o some_o infant_n may_v lawful_o appoâ—…_n those_o which_o be_v of_o age_n to_o be_v guardian_n oâ—_n the_o infant_n but_o this_o will_v not_o stand_v in_o câ—…_n there_o be_v any_o cause_n of_o suspicion_n that_o they_o wâ—…_n contrive_v the_o death_n of_o the_o infant_n but_o suspâ—…tion_n be_v not_o admit_v if_o the_o gift_n be_v make_v tâ—…_n father_n or_o mother_n or_o their_o lawful_a issue_n bâ—…_n it_o be_v otherwise_o where_o it_o be_v to_o brother_n or_o uncle_n or_o nephew_n because_o of_o the_o right_n descend_v 11._o descend_v bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o 1._o they_o who_o be_v guardian_n by_o right_a oâ—…_n their_o fee_n so_o long_o as_o they_o have_v the_o custodâ—…_n of_o the_o land_n be_v bind_v to_o maintain_v and_o repair_v all_o
the_o son_n a_o knight_n or_o to_o marry_v the_o daughter_n quitrent_n and_o other_o which_o for_o that_o they_o depend_v upon_o divers_a custom_n of_o several_a place_n and_o upon_o the_o several_a will_n of_o lord_n be_v impossible_a punctual_o to_o reckon_v 58._o reckon_v bro._n tit._n tenor_n n._n 50._o &_o 53._o &_o 58._o 29._o secta_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la be_v a_o service_n which_o bind_v the_o tenant_n to_o frequent_v the_o court_n of_o his_o lord_n 158._o lord_n f._n n._n b._n fol._n 158._o but_o they_o be_v not_o feodary_n alone_o who_o be_v oblige_v to_o this_o for_o we_o have_v mention_v make_v of_o a_o fourfold_a suit_n of_o court_n one_o by_o covenant_n and_o oligation_n viz._n when_o another_o who_o be_v not_o the_o lord_n of_o my_o fee_n covenant_n with_o i_o or_o my_o ancestor_n though_o not_o his_o feodary_n to_o perform_v this_o suit_n of_o court_n another_o by_o custom_n where_o any_o one_o and_o his_o ancestor_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n be_v wont_a to_o come_v to_o the_o court_n of_o another_o and_o his_o ancestor_n though_o not_o lord_n of_o their_o fee_n the_o three_o we_o may_v call_v a_o servile_a suit_n which_o the_o feodary_n perform_v to_o the_o lord_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o service_n the_o four_o be_v royal_a by_o which_o be_v find_v to_o go_v twice_o a_o year_n to_o the_o sheriff_n court_n or_o leet_n court_v that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v ignorant_a of_o what_o be_v do_v there_o for_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n now_o our_o author_n call_v it_o royal_a though_o by_o corruption_n some_o rearm_v it_o real_a because_o the_o main_a reason_n of_o it_o be_v to_o perform_v legiance_n to_o the_o king_n for_o there_o all_o above_o 12._o year_n old_a sug_n old_a term_n of_o the_o law_n tit._n sug_n take_v the_o oath_n before_o mention_v 30._o secta_fw-la ad_fw-la molendinum_fw-la be_v a_o service_n by_o which_o the_o feodary_n as_o bind_v by_o custom_n to_o carry_v their_o corn_n to_o be_v ground_n at_o the_o mill_n of_o their_o lord_n 122._o lord_n f._n n._n b._n sol_fw-la 122._o 31._o heriot_n otherwise_o hariat_fw-la be_v compound_v of_o the_o saxon_a word_n here_o &_o gait_n here_o signify_v a_o army_n and_o gait_n a_o journey_n and_o it_o be_v a_o tribute_n payedunto_o the_o lord_n when_o he_o go_v to_o war_n heriot_n war_n lamb._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d vero._n heriot_n bracton_n say_v that_o heriot_n be_v alone_o with_o relief_n 36._o relief_n l._n 2._o c._n 36._o and_o britton_n 18._o britton_n c._n 69._o &_o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 18._o that_o it_o be_v the_o gift_n of_o the_o feodary_n at_o his_o death_n give_v to_o his_o lord_n by_o which_o he_o leave_v unto_o he_o the_o best_a beast_n he_o have_v or_o some_o other_o thing_n according_a to_o assignment_n and_o he_o say_v that_o this_o do_v not_o touch_v the_o lord_n nor_o the_o heir_n or_o inheritance_n not_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v liken_v to_o relief_n but_o that_o it_o rather_o spring_v from_o the_o love_n and_o courtesy_n of_o the_o tenant_n come_v either_o from_o a_o right_n or_o necessity_n of_o duty_n and_o that_o both_o from_o villain_n and_o free-tenant_n heriot_n be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o service_n by_o which_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o leave_v to_o his_o lord_n the_o best_a beast_n or_o for_o defect_n of_o that_o some_o other_o movable_n which_o he_o have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n and_o this_o be_v two-sold_a namely_o servile_a which_o tenant_n in_o fee_n simple_a pay_v or_o constumary_n which_o be_v â—yed_v by_o tenant_n for_o life_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n 5._o custom_n bro._n tit._n heriot_n n._n 5._o of_o uses_n and_o profit_v tit._n iu._n it_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o service_n be_v either_o real_a or_o personal_a 39_o personal_a brac._n l._n 4._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 39_o 〈◊〉_d real_a we_o have_v already_o speak_v personal_a â—re_n such_o as_o be_v due_a unto_o the_o person_n ibid._n person_n id._n ibid._n and_o â—is_fw-la kind_n be_v twofold_a one_o due_a from_o the_o perâ—on_n of_o one_o to_o the_o person_n of_o another_o of_o which_o also_o we_o have_v make_v mention_n before_o the_o other_o which_o be_v due_a from_o a_o estate_n to_o a_o person_n of_o which_o sort_n be_v profit_n use_n habitation_n wherefore_o use_n and_o profit_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o perâ—on_n to_o who_o they_o be_v due_a be_v a_o right_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v due_a a_o service_n 1._o service_n id._n l._n 4._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 37._o n._n 1._o 1._o since_o there_o be_v none_o in_o england_n beside_o the_o sovereign_a power_n who_o have_v a_o plenary_a and_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o immovables_n it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o discern_v who_o they_o be_v that_o be_v possessor_n of_o estate_n as_o to_o the_o profit_n the_o estate_n be_v not_o whole_o they_o which_o we_o shall_v term_v usufructuarii_fw-la and_o who_o nor_o namely_o whether_o all_o subject_n by_o what_o title_n soever_o they_o hold_v or_o only_o some_o who_o hold_v by_o this_o or_o that_o title_n for_o those_o which_o have_v a_o fee_n have_v only_o a_o power_n profitable_a 4._o profitable_a wesenbec_n dâ—_n feod_a c._n 1._o n._n 4._o which_o according_a to_o the_o feodists_n cease_v they_o violate_v the_o faith_n due_a to_o their_o lord_n 〈◊〉_d not_o by_o our_o law_n save_v in_o case_n of_o felony_n 30_o felony_n stanf._n plac_fw-la coron_n l._n 3._o c._n 30_o now_o he_o which_o have_v any_o use_n or_o profit_n loâ—â—_n have_v some_o way_n or_o other_o a_o power_n also_o 2._o also_o bra._n l._n 4_o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 36._o n._n 2._o moreover_o he_o which_o have_v a_o fee-farm_n whoâ—_n the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n call_v eâ—phytenticus_n agre_z eâ—phytenticus_n vectigal_n agre_z which_o be_v one_o that_o have_v anâ—_n state_n to_o improve_v although_o he_o have_v a_o perpetuity_n yet_o he_o pay_v a_o yearly_a rent_n by_o 〈◊〉_d of_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o seignory_n 66._o seignory_n brit._n c._n 66._o last_o he_o that_o have_v a_o freehold_a and_o abuse_v it_o be_v liable_a to_o a_o action_n 〈◊〉_d waste_n 12_o waste_n f._n n._n b._n foe_o 55_o dr._n stu._n l._n 1._o c_o 23_o flet_fw-la l_o 1._o c._n 12_o which_o shall_v not_o be_v be_v 〈◊〉_d sole_a lord_n and_o have_v absolute_a power_n in_o 〈◊〉_d dispose_v of_o it_o but_o bracton_n be_v very_o clear_a 〈◊〉_d declare_v what_o title_n our_o lawyer_n incâ—â—â—_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o use_n and_o profit_n for_o 〈◊〉_d stinguish_v between_o a_o freehold_n and_o aâ—â—_n state_n in_o profit_n he_o be_v much_o more_o diligentâ—_n distinguish_v between_o fee_n 83_o fee_n l_o 4_o tr_fw-la 1_o c._n 36_o blow_n foe_n 83_o and_o fâ—â—_v farm_n or_o farm_v of_o the_o profit_n for_o thâ—_n in_o those_o the_o possessor_n have_v a_o perpetuity_n in_o theâ—â—_n only_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n whence_o it_o follow_v thâ—_n he_o only_o be_v a_o usufructuary_n in_o a_o estate_n 〈◊〉_d we_o who_o have_v land_n or_o tenement_n for_o teâ—_n of_o year_n or_o at_o the_o will_n of_o another_o or_o 〈◊〉_d who_o have_v land_n by_o way_n of_o pledge_n or_o security_n which_o we_o call_v mortgage_n or_o by_o way_n of_o eâ—â—cution_n who_o we_o call_v according_a to_o the_o â—â—versity_n of_o the_o cause_n tenant_n by_o elegit_fw-la tenant_n by_o statute_n staple_n or_o statute_n merchant_n or_o last_o he_o who_o have_v the_o land_n of_o a_o 〈◊〉_d in_o right_n of_o guardianship_n until_o he_o come_v to_o full_a age_n now_o a_o estate_n of_o profit_n may_v be_v create_v with_o we_o either_o by_o gift_n and_o bequest_n or_o by_o conditional_a agreement_n 12._o agreement_n inst_z come_v c._n 5_o flet_n l._n 1._o c._n 12._o and_o it_o appear_v that_o our_o ancestor_n do_v sever_v the_o profit_n of_o a_o fee_n from_o the_o propriety_n until_o it_o be_v change_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n case_n parliament_n 27._o h._n 8._o c._n 10._o coâ—_n l._n 1._o chudleys_n case_n but_o those_o estate_n which_o be_v hold_v by_o copy_n of_o court_n roll_n or_o by_o the_o verge_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n can_v be_v lease_v out_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n above_o a_o year_n come_v year_n instit_fw-la come_v nor_o can_v they_o be_v bequeath_v or_o alien_v by_o any_o agreement_n without_o be_v first_o surrender_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o from_o thence_o receive_v by_o he_o to_o who_o the_o former_a tenant_n desire_v to_o alienate_v they_o 15._o they_o id_fw-la c._n 15._o 3._o it_o be_v hold_v also_o among_o we_o that_o use_v and_o profit_n may_v be_v of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v extinguish_v by_o use_n and_o daily_a change_n so_o that_o without_o all_o doubt_n one_o may_v bequeath_v or_o by_o agreement_n create_v a_o use_n of_o servant_n money_n ox_n cow_n
sheep_n corn_n or_o any_o such_o like_a thing_n 542_o thing_n bro_n tit_n tenor_n 133_o plough_v 542_o 4._o now_o these_o kind_n of_o use_n and_o profit_n be_v dissolve_v either_o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o usufructuary_n 5_o usufructuary_n instit_fw-la come_v c_o 5_o as_o copyhold_n or_o for_o treason_n in_o which_o case_n the_o delinquent_n lose_v all_o his_o good_n and_o life_n also_o 201_o also_o f._n n_o b._n 2._o 3_o 201_o or_o by_o process_n of_o time_n namely_o when_o the_o year_n for_o which_o they_o be_v make_v be_v expire_v by_o consolidation_n 420_o consolidation_n co._n l._n 2_o foe_n 17_o a_o blow_n 419_o 420_o when_o the_o usufructuary_n purchase_v the_o property_n and_o last_o through_o the_o default_n of_o the_o usufructuary_n as_o for_o waste_v or_o let_v his_o estate_n to_o another_o contrary_a to_o right_n and_o law_n 55_o law_n flet_n l_o 1_o c_o 14_o madge_n char_n c_o 4_o westmin_n 1_o c_o 47_o stat_n glow_n 1_o 5_o westmin_n 2_o c_o 35_o dyer_n foe_o 30_o 42_o 178_o f_o n_o b_o foe_o 55_o of_o use_n and_o habitation_n tit._n v._n usus_fw-la have_v as_o large_a a_o extent_n with_o we_o as_o usufructus_fw-la have_v with_o the_o civilian_n 22._o civilian_n 27_o h._n 8._o c._n 10._o dr._n and_o stu._n l._n 2._o c._n 22._o but_o i_o do_v not_o see_v any_o cause_n why_o the_o same_o law_n which_o the_o roman_n have_v both_o for_o use_n and_o habitation_n may_v not_o take_v place_n with_o we_o there_o be_v nothing_o which_o i_o have_v ever_o read_v which_o may_v either_o hinder_v the_o give_v and_o bequeath_v of_o they_o or_o purchase_v they_o by_o agreement_n but_o yet_o i_o find_v nothing_o special_o or_o positive_o determine_v by_o our_o lawyer_n from_o whence_o i_o may_v with_o confidence_n averâ—e_v any_o thing_n of_o custom_n and_o prescription_n tit._n vi_o it_o have_v be_v say_v before_o how_o that_o title_n and_o dominion_n over_o corporal_a thing_n be_v through_o a_o just_a act_n and_o purchase_v transfer_v by_o livery_n now_o we_o be_v to_o declare_v how_o it_o may_v be_v transfer_v without_o by_o custom_n namely_o by_o a_o long_a continual_a and_o peaceable_a and_o quiet_a possession_n through_o usage_n and_o time_n and_o without_o livery_n 15._o brac_n l._n 2._o c._n 22._o flel_n l._n 3._o c._n 15._o for_o prescription_n have_v sometime_o the_o force_n of_o livery_n 13_o brit._n c._n 4._o brac_n l_o 4_o tr_fw-la 1_o c_o 38_o n_o 13_o 1._o justinian_n for_o the_o most_o part_n put_v a_o difference_n between_o custom_n and_o prescription_n as_o that_o the_o first_o shall_v be_v of_o moveable_n the_o late_a of_o immovables_n pâ—aescrip_n immovables_n prat_n u_fw-mi lexi_fw-la verb_n pâ—aescrip_n yet_o they_o be_v often_o use_v promiscuous_o 10_o vultaeius_n come_v sup_v justin_n n_o 6_o and_z 10_o 2._o movable_n be_v not_o always_o take_v the_o lame_a way_n by_o custom_n for_o such_o as_o be_v buy_v in_o a_o public_a fair_a or_o market_n although_o steal_v be_v immediate_o the_o buyer_n the_o sale_n be_v legal_a viz._n the_o toll_n if_o there_o be_v any_o due_a pay_v and_o a_o coutract_v enter_v so_o that_o the_o owneâ—_n can_v no_o way_n be_v evict_v but_o a_o horse_n dier_n v_o do_fw-mi barg_fw-mi &_o sale_n l_o do_fw-mi 24._o dier_n which_o be_v steal_v be_v thus_o by_o the_o custom_n make_v once_o own_o viz._n if_o it_o be_v ride_v in_o a_o open_a market_n or_o fair_a by_o the_o space_n of_o a_o full_a hour_n 66_o foe_n 77._o n_o 66_o or_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v lead_v there_o continual_o and_o open_o that_o he_o may_v be_v show_v and_o 7_o f_o 2_o and_z 3_o pb_n and_o mary_n c_o 7_o then_o the_o seller_n come_v to_o he_o that_o keep_v the_o toll_n book_n show_v the_o horse_n and_o tell_v his_o own_o christian_a name_n and_o surname_n as_o also_o his_o possession_n and_o place_n of_o dwell_v prove_v all_o this_o by_o one_o witness_n who_o be_v well_o know_v unto_o he_o that_o keep_v the_o toll_n he_o be_v to_o enter_v it_o into_o the_o book_n 12_o 31_o eliz_n c._n 12_o 3._o any_o beast_n or_o cattle_n find_v stray_v in_o the_o fee_n of_o another_o be_v by_o the_o custom_n after_o public_a proclamation_n make_v in_o the_o neighbour_a market_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n unless_o the_o owner_n challenge_v it_o within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n 51_o brit_n dr_n stu_fw-la 2_o c_o 3_o &_o 51_o so_o also_o be_v such_o thing_n which_o be_v leave_v and_o forsake_v which_o we_o call_v waife_n ib_o id._n ib_o as_o also_o such_o as_o be_v bring_v to_o land_n from_o shipwreck_n if_o they_o fall_v not_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o wreck_n k_n but_o all_o other_o thing_n whether_o give_v or_o find_v or_o happen_v through_o their_o over_o heaviness_n do_v not_o follow_v the_o same_o rule_n much_o less_o thing_n which_o be_v steal_v 17._o steal_v new_a book_n of_o entry_n verb._n pro._n brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o n._n 2._o brit._n c._n 17._o yet_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o privilege_n that_o whatsoever_o any_o one_o buy_v appertain_v to_o his_o own_o trade_n and_o bring_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la to_o his_o shop_n to_o be_v buy_v it_o become_v immediate_o his_o own_o without_o all_o fear_n of_o eviction_n 16._o eviction_n dyer_n s_o 121_o n._n 16._o 4._o prescription_n be_v a_o legal_a definition_n or_o limit_v of_o time_n ordain_v for_o this_o end_n that_o in_o all_o transaction_n for_o peace_n sake_n there_o may_v be_v a_o opportunity_n observe_v all_o prescription_n tend_v to_o this_o that_o nothing_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o common_a wealth_n late_a or_o soon_o than_o seem_v just_a and_o equal_a moreover_o in_o the_o manage_v of_o affair_n it_o be_v fit_v that_o we_o shall_v have_v limit_n of_o time_n prefix_v both_o to_o quicken_v industry_n and_o avoid_v precipitation_n supra_fw-la precipitation_n prataeus_fw-la ubi_fw-la supra_fw-la 5._o but_o prescription_n differ_v from_o custom_n that_o only_o come_v from_o possession_n add_v a_o new_a right_n and_o adjoin_v a_o new_a title_n to_o the_o thing_n acquire_v have_v substract_v the_o other_o whereas_o custom_n do_v nothing_o so_o for_o that_o it_o only_o impart_v its_o own_o law_n to_o those_o by_o who_o it_o take_v its_o original_a and_o by_o who_o usage_n and_o consent_n it_o receive_v perfection_n 8._o perfection_n conna_n l._n 1._o come_v jur._n civil_a 10._o n._n 8._o 6._o prescription_n although_o in_o the_o common_a acceptation_n it_o be_v such_o a_o portion_n of_o time_n as_o exceed_v the_o memory_n of_o man_n 104._o man_n dr._n stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 8._o kitchen_n 104._o yet_o have_v it_o much_o of_o diversity_n among_o we_o but_o for_o order_n saâ—â—e_v we_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o divide_v it_o thus_o viz._n into_o that_o which_o work_v to_o the_o secure_a avoid_v of_o a_o loss_n and_o that_o which_o work_v to_o the_o certain_a acquire_v of_o a_o propriety_n 7._o for_o the_o avoid_n of_o damage_n this_o be_v â—heif_n where_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n be_v adjudge_v â—o_o the_o king_n by_o any_o statute_n for_o a_o offence_n â—here_o the_o offender_n may_v after_o two_o year_n clap_v prescribe_v to_o themselves_o immunity_n but_o in_o case_n where_o it_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n and_z another_z as_o informer_n then_o against_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o king_n after_o two_o year_n and_o against_o the_o information_n of_o the_o common_a person_n after_o one_o year_n 5_o year_n 31_o eliz._n c._n 5_o unless_o such_o penal_a statute_n do_v particular_o prefix_v a_o certain_a time_n and_o in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o statute_n some_o allow_v one_o year_n 4._o year_n 3_o h._n 7._o c._n 1._o 2_o and_o 3_o ph._n &_o mar._n c._n 3._o and_o &_o 5._o c._n 2._o 1_o eliz._n c._n 7._o 14._o c._n 11._o 31._o c._n 4._o some_o one_o year_n and_o a_o day_n 1_o day_n 23_o eliz._n c._n 1_o some_o two_o year_n 14._o year_n 8_o r._n 2_o c._n 4._o 5_o ed._n 6._o c._n 14._o some_o three_o 1_o three_o 8_o h._n 6._o c._n 9_o 1_o h._n 8._o c._n 4._o 39_o eliz._n c_o 1_o some_o four_o 3_o four_o 7_o h_n 8_o c_o 3_o some_o a_o month_n 2_o month_n 23_o eliz_n c._n 2_o some_o two_o month_n 1_o month_n 23_o h_n 6_o c_o 15_o 1_o e_z 6_o c_o 1_o some_o six_o day_n 15_o day_n 5_o eliz_n c_o 5_o and_z 15_o and_o some_o fifteen_o 7_o fifteen_o 11_o h_n 7_o c_o 7_o 7_o h_z 8_o c_o 7_o beside_o according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n if_o a_o man_n upon_o a_o indictment_n of_o murder_n be_v acquit_v he_o may_v after_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n plead_v prescription_n against_o any_o appeal_n either_o of_o the_o wife_n or_o b_o b_o f_o n_o b._n foe_o 25_o 9_o brit_n c_o 28_o foe_fw-mi 66_o b_o next_o of_o kin_n of_o the_o
charter_n d._n charter_n id._n 134._o d._n 6._o if_o one_o let_v land_n for_o a_o certain_a rent_n and_o devise_v the_o reversion_n of_o they_o to_o another_o by_o will_n the_o legatee_n may_v claim_v the_o rent_n of_o the_o lessee_n n._n lessee_n id._n 121._o n._n 7._o the_o king_n customer_n have_v the_o king_n money_n in_o his_o hand_n be_v debtor_n to_o he_o to_o who_o the_o king_n by_o his_o charter_n have_v grant_v a_o annuity_n to_o be_v receive_v yearly_a from_o such_o a_o customer_n f._n customer_n id._n ib._n f._n 8._o last_o we_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o contract_n of_o our_o wife_n child_n and_o servant_n for_o ware_n take_v in_o our_o name_n and_o convert_v to_o our_o use_n as_o if_o we_o have_v make_v the_o contract_n ourselves_o 17._o ourselves_o dr._n stu._n l._n 2._o c._n 42._o fulb._n par_fw-fr c._n contr_n fol._n 3_o 4._o blow_n fol._n 11._o dyer_n 234._o n._n 17._o by_o what_o person_n a_o obligation_n be_v acquire_v unto_o we_o tit._n xxix_o a_o obligation_n be_v acquire_v unto_o we_o by_o procurator_n and_o by_o child_n which_o we_o have_v under_o our_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n by_o ourselves_o and_o child_n of_o our_o own_o and_o by_o freeman_n who_o serve_v we_o and_o that_o by_o two_o cause_n viz._n by_o work_n of_o their_o own_o and_o for_o something_o which_o be_v we_o also_o by_o our_o own_o proper_a servant_n or_o servant_n which_o be_v common_a or_o in_o which_o we_o have_v a_o use_n or_o other_o which_o we_o do_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la possess_v provide_v they_o covenant_n and_o bargain_n in_o our_o name_n 60._o name_n brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 2._o n._n 12._o flet._n l._n 2._o c._n 60._o by_o what_o mean_v a_o obligation_n be_v take_v off_o tit._n xxx_o a_o obligation_n be_v take_v off_o by_o payment_n because_o every_o obligation_n be_v remove_v when_o that_o which_o be_v due_a be_v pay_v whether_o he_o pay_v it_o who_o owe_v it_o or_o another_o for_o he_o and_o that_o whether_o the_o debtor_n know_v it_o or_o not_o or_o whether_o he_o be_v willing_a or_o not_o ib._n not_o brac._n ib._n â—_o 1._o flet._n ib._n which_o be_v only_o true_a according_a to_o some_o where_o the_o writing_n if_o there_o be_v any_o be_v cancel_v or_o a_o acquittance_n be_v to_o be_v show_v by_o the_o debtor_n 12._o debtor_n dr._n stu._n l._n 1._o t._n 12._o to_o the_o explanation_n of_o which_o assertion_n some_o put_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o simple_a and_o conditional_a obligation_n and_o affirm_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o conditional_a obligation_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o witness_n although_o the_o writing_n remain_v entire_a and_o no_o acquittance_n be_v show_v and_o that_o because_o the_o party_n be_v bind_v to_o a_o certain_a time_n under_o a_o penalty_n he_o can_v without_o danger_n expect_v the_o delivery_n of_o the_o write_n or_o acquittance_n see_v he_o be_v more_o strict_o bind_v then_o if_o the_o obligation_n be_v simple_a so_o if_o the_o party_n pay_v his_o surety_n be_v free_a and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_n ib._n contrary_n brac._n ib._n 1._o a_o obligation_n be_v take_v off_o also_o by_o releases_z which_o be_v a_o imaginary_a payment_n as_o if_o it_o be_v say_v have_v you_o receive_v all_o that_o i_o owe_v you_o upon_o any_o cause_n whatsoever_o and_o it_o be_v answer_v or_o if_o the_o debt_n be_v in_o writing_n write_v i_o have_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v receive_v all_o 22._o all_o perk._n 749_o 750._o dyer_n 222_o n._n 22._o and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v for_o part_n of_o a_o debt_n as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o whole_a as_o also_o all_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o covenant_n may_v be_v take_v off_o thus_o and_o in_o the_o same_o way_n which_o obligation_n be_v they_o may_v also_o be_v renew_v and_o reduce_v into_o another_o obligation_n or_o more_o into_o one_o as_o if_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v promise_v for_o many_o debt_n cause_n and_o obligation_n 8._o obligation_n brac._n ib._n n._n 13._o lit._n l._n 3._o c._n 8._o there_o be_v also_o a_o release_n in_o law_n as_o where_o a_o man_n make_v his_o debtor_n his_o executor_n for_o in_o this_o case_n he_o for_o give_v the_o debt_n 118._o debt_n bro._n testam_fw-la 118._o which_o be_v so_o far_o true_a that_o it_o be_v whether_o he_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o office_n or_o not_o 184._o not_o blow_n 184._o 2._o also_o if_o land_n be_v charge_v with_o a_o annuity_n and_o the_o debtor_n neglect_v payment_n for_o some_o year_n and_o afterward_o upon_o the_o payment_n of_o one_o year_n rent_n obtain_v a_o acquittance_n from_o the_o creditor_n the_o action_n for_o the_o residue_n be_v utter_o extinguish_v 26._o extinguish_v dyer_n f._n 271._o n._n 26._o 3._o so_o also_o by_o renew_v of_o alter_a as_o where_o a_o obligation_n be_v transfer_v from_o one_o person_n to_o another_o who_o can_v be_v bind_v it_o be_v whole_o lose_v as_o from_o the_o person_n of_o one_o who_o be_v of_o age_n to_o another_o who_o be_v a_o infant_n and_o in_o renew_v or_o alter_v there_o may_v intervene_v a_o surety_n and_o a_o penalty_n as_o also_o a_o condition_n that_o if_o the_o surety_n do_v not_o well_o and_o true_o pay_v the_o princiall_n shall_v remain_v 13._o remain_v brac._n l._n 3._o tâ—_n 1._o c._n 2._o n._n 13._o 4._o in_o brief_a it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o a_o obligation_n may_v be_v dissolve_v the_o same_o way_n and_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n by_o which_o it_o be_v contract_v if_o it_o arise_v from_o a_o contract_n or_o any_o such_o like_a thing_n namely_o by_o the_o thing_n as_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v restore_v by_o word_n as_o if_o it_o be_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o in_o contrary_a word_n etc._n word_n dyer_n foe_n 75_o n._n 25_o 26_o etc._n etc._n by_o write_v as_o if_o i_o write_v myself_o to_o owe_v money_n and_o the_o debtor_n write_v that_o he_o have_v receive_v by_o consent_n as_o if_o they_o agree_v mutual_o to_o recede_v from_o the_o contract_n by_o delivery_n as_o in_o case_n the_o thing_n be_v re-delivered_n by_o join_v as_o in_o case_n it_o be_v do_v on_o the_o contrary_n ib._n contrary_n brac._n ib._n 5._o bracton_n also_o declare_v that_o a_o obligation_n may_v be_v take_v away_o by_o sundry_a exception_n and_o that_o many_o way_n who_o any_o one_o that_o please_v may_v read_v ib._n read_v id._n ib._n 6._o there_o be_v also_o another_o way_n with_o we_o which_o we_o call_v wage_n of_o law_n for_o if_o any_o one_o challenge_v money_n of_o i_o upon_o a_o simple_a contract_n i_o may_v wage_v my_o law_n against_o he_o 3._o he_o id._n l._n 5._o tr_fw-la 5._o c._n 13._o n._n 3._o i._n c._n i_o may_v promise_v to_o come_v into_o the_o court_n at_o a_o day_n judicial_o assign_v and_o perform_v the_o law_n now_o to_o perform_v the_o law_n be_v in_o this_o case_n to_o do_v that_o which_o the_o law_n require_v namely_o to_o make_v oath_n that_o neither_o the_o sum_n require_v nor_o any_o part_n of_o it_o be_v due_a and_o to_o bring_v other_o with_o i_o who_o shall_v affirm_v upon_o oath_n likewise_o that_o they_o believe_v the_o oath_n i_o have_v take_v to_o be_v true_a l._n true_a brit._n c._n 28._o f._n n._n b._n 122._o l._n now_o this_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o judicial_a transaction_n which_o our_o law_n permit_v we_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o book_n the_o four_o book_n of_o the_o institutes_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n of_o obligation_n arise_v from_o crime_n tit._n 1._o there_o be_v obligation_n also_o which_o arise_v from_o crime_n or_o from_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n now_o crime_n and_o trespass_n proceed_v from_o word_n and_o fact_n be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v according_a to_o the_o intention_n and_o will_n where_o with_o they_o be_v commit_v for_o the_o will_n and_o the_o intention_n be_v the_o interpreter_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o from_o these_o delinquency_n proceed_v great_a crime_n as_o treason_n homicide_n theft_n rapine_n etc._n etc._n 14._o etc._n brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 2._o n._n 14._o of_o which_o we_o shall_v discourse_v hereafter_o or_o lesser_a crime_n as_o injury_n and_o trespass_n for_o under_o these_o all_o our_o writer_n comprehend_v obligation_n arise_v from_o private_a crime_n 1._o the_o civil_a law_n punish_v manifest_a theft_n by_o adjudge_v restitution_n to_o be_v make_v fourfold_a and_o theft_n less_o manifest_a by_o render_v two_o fold_n but_o the_o law_n of_o england_n punish_v neither_o with_o less_o than_o death_n provide_v the_o thing_n steal_v be_v to_o the_o value_n of_o 12._o penny_n 2._o penny_n fortesâ—ue_n c._n 46._o bro._n crown_n 2._o 2._o theft_n be_v divide_v into_o larceny_n and_o robbery_n larceny_n be_v define_v the_o take_v away_o of_o chattel_n personal_a in_o the_o
absence_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o be_v either_o crand_n or_o petite_fw-fr according_o to_o the_o thing_n take_v grand_fw-fr be_v when_o the_o movable_a that_o be_v steal_v exceed_v the_o value_n of_o twelve_o penny_n petite_fw-fr be_v when_o it_o be_v under_o the_o value_n larc_n value_n westm_n l._n 2._o tit_n indictment_n s._n 58._o spec._n justice_n l._n 1._o c._n larc_n robbery_n be_v when_o it_o be_v take_v from_o the_o person_n or_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o owner_n 60._o owner_n west_n ib._n s._n 60._o 3._o every_o theft_n with_o we_o be_v a_o public_a crime_n for_o petite_fw-fr larceny_n though_o it_o be_v not_o punishable_a with_o death_n but_o with_o imprisonment_n and_o stripe_n be_v according_a to_o some_o account_v felony_n coron_n felony_n bro._n coron_n though_o other_o be_v of_o contrary_a judgement_n 15._o judgement_n stam._n pl._n coron_n l._n 1._o c._n 15._o wherefore_o we_o shall_v refer_v this_o â—ather_n to_o the_o order_n of_o public_a judgement_n 4._o yet_o we_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o observe_v here_o that_o it_o be_v in_o his_o choice_n who_o lose_v any_o thing_n by_o theft_n whether_o he_o will_v prosecute_v the_o party_n civil_o or_o criminal_o for_o dissemble_v the_o theft_n he_o may_v suppose_v the_o thief_n to_o have_v find_v the_o thing_n by_o accident_n and_o so_o detain_v it_o to_o himself_o and_o so_o recover_v the_o thing_n itself_o or_o its_o value_n 5._o value_n trover_n in_o book_n of_o entr._n brac._n l._n 5._o tr_fw-la 5._o c._n 31._o n._n 2._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 38._o dyer_n fol._n 50._o n._n 5._o but_o of_o criminal_a prosecution_n we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o of_o thing_n take_v by_o force_n tit._n ii_o the_o word_n trespass_n have_v a_o very_a large_a latitude_n and_o comprehend_v every_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n but_o our_o discreet_a lawyer_n call_v only_o private_a crime_n trespass_n and_o make_v distinction_n even_o among_o these_o for_o those_o who_o be_v accompany_v with_o force_n be_v trespass_n more_o proper_o 4._o proper_o f._n n._n b._n 85._o g._n fle._n l._n 4._o c._n 4._o yet_o they_o call_v other_o trespass_n likewise_o from_o the_o species_n of_o a_o unlawful_a act_n though_o not_o violent_a but_o accidental_a or_o to_o use_v their_o own_o word_n suâ—…_n casu_fw-la case_n casu_fw-la f._n n._n b._n foe_n 92._o e._n term_n v._o action_n sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr case_n whence_o the_o form_n of_o action_n in_o the_o first_o case_n have_v always_o these_o word_n vi_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o second_o contra_fw-la paâ—…_n but_o the_o plaintiff_n may_v if_o he_o please_v dissemble_v the_o force_n as_o where_o he_o bring_v his_o action_n in_o the_o sheriff_n court_n who_o have_v no_o cognisance_n de_fw-fr vi_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la and_o though_o he_o feign_v a_o lesser_a trespass_n when_o real_o it_o be_v great_a yet_o he_o shall_v recover_v damage_n and_o this_o seem_v the_o reason_n why_o our_o writer_n do_v so_o often_o confound_v and_o treat_v promiscuous_o of_o these_o trespass_n which_o be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n 92._o nature_n n._n boh_o entry_n tresp_n 85._o trespass_n sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr case_n 92._o now_o we_o have_v think_v it_o congruous_a enough_o to_o refer_v violent_a trespass_n to_o the_o title_n of_o thing_n take_v by_o force_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o two_o follow_a title_n for_o since_o the_o roman_a law_n make_v the_o subject_n of_o these_o trespass_n which_o our_o law_n of_o england_n divide_v only_o into_o two_o head_n if_o threefold_a lest_o it_o not_o seem_v strange_a that_o i_o refer_v some_o case_n which_o beside_o the_o force_n affix_v a_o contumely_n also_o upon_o the_o person_n injure_v to_o a_o three_o title_n 1._o now_o the_o action_n for_o good_n take_v by_o force_n or_o de_fw-fr vi_fw-mi &_o aâ—mâ—s_fw-la lie_v as_o well_o for_o thing_n take_v by_o force_n which_o be_v inanimate_a as_o cat_n plough_n etc._n etc._n as_o thing_n animate_v as_o ox_n sheep_n and_o those_o not_o only_o tame_v but_o wild_a also_o if_o they_o be_v in_o our_o custody_n and_o jurisdiction_n as_o coney_n which_o be_v in_o our_o warren_n k._n warren_n f._n n._n b._n 89._o k._n and_o pigeon_n in_o our_o columbary_n a._n columbary_n id._n 86_o a._n so_o also_o for_o our_o servant_n i._n servant_n id._n 88_o d._n i._n and_o for_o apprentice_n i._o apprentice_n id._n 91._o i._o for_o wife_n draw_v away_o with_o their_o husband_n good_n o._n good_n id._n 89._o o._n for_o the_o steal_v away_o of_o a_o son_n or_o a_o daughter_n who_o be_v a_o heir_n and_o marry_v they_o with_o any_o one_o without_o our_o consent_n h._n consent_n id._n 90._o h._n for_o quantity_n as_o many_o m._n many_o id._n 87._o m._n for_o good_n of_o felon_n take_v out_o of_o our_o liberty_n f._n liberty_n id._n 91._o f._n for_o weif_n and_o stray_v drive_v or_o carry_v out_o of_o our_o fe_n wrong_n fe_n id._n 91._o b._n new_a â—oo_o entr._n trespass_n bro._n tresp_n fulb._n wrong_n 2._o and_o this_o action_n be_v give_v for_o the_o repair_n the_o loss_n lustain_v &_o that_o not_o only_o against_o the_o party_n that_o do_v it_o but_o against_o those_o that_o command_v the_o do_v of_o it_o as_o in_o every_o trespass_n upon_o the_o case_n 9_o case_n dr._n stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 9_o but_o not_o against_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o trespassor_n 10._o trespassor_n id._n l._n 2._o c._n 10._o nor_o his_o heir_n 4._o heir_n brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 4._o n._n 4._o because_o it_o be_v personal_a and_o penal_a of_o the_o aquilian_a law_n tit._n iii_o trespass_n upon_o the_o case_n be_v that_o which_o either_o bring_v damage_n to_o the_o person_n injure_v or_o disgrace_n and_o contumely_n with_o the_o damage_n and_o this_o the_o civilian_n comprehend_v under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o aquilian_a law_n be_v cause_n cain_n aquilius_n be_v the_o author_n be_v tribune_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o popular_a law_n by_o which_o these_o trespass_n be_v punish_v though_o they_o refer_v this_o to_o the_o title_n of_o injury_n 1._o now_o he_o who_o damnify_v the_o estate_n of_o condition_n of_o another_o commit_v a_o trespass_n upon_o the_o case_n as_o for_o example_n where_o a_o sheriff_n by_o a_o writ_n direct_v to_o he_o take_v a_o debtor_n and_o afterward_o let_v he_o escape_v c._n escape_v f._n n._n b._n foe_o 93._o a._n c._n or_o upon_o his_o return_n make_v false_a information_n to_o the_o court_n that_o the_o party_n have_v no_o land_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o in_o his_o bailiwick_n whereby_o he_o may_v be_v distrain_v and_o so_o become_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o take_n of_o his_o body_n b._n body_n id._n ib_o b._n so_o also_o he_o who_o fix_v stake_n in_o any_o water_n whereby_o another_o ship_n or_o vessel_n lade_v with_o corn_n or_o other_o merchandise_n be_v overturn_v f_o overturn_v id._n 92_o f_o moreover_o a_o attorney_n or_o counsellor_n at_o law_n who_o through_o ignorance_n or_o deceit_n joose_v his_o client_n cause_n attorney_n cause_n bo_o entr._n action_n sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr case_n in_o attorney_n a_o barber_n who_o shave_v another_o beard_n ill_a or_o with_o a_o foul_a raisor_n barber_n raisor_n id_fw-la in_o barber_n a_o physician_n or_o chirurgeon_n who_o either_o ignorant_o or_o malicious_o handle_v a_o sick_a or_o wound_a person_n phisi_fw-la person_n id._n in_o phisi_fw-la a_o gaoler_n who_o use_v a_o prisoner_n more_o hardly_o than_o he_o ought_v 93._o ought_v f._n n._n b._n 93._o he_o who_o distrain_v the_o cattle_n of_o another_o plough_n where_o he_o may_v make_v other_o reasonable_a distress_n 86._o distress_n dier_n foe_fw-mi 312._o n._n 86._o or_o he_o who_o have_v just_o take_v another_o cattell_o by_o distress_n do_v not_o carry_v they_o to_o a_o open_a pound_n but_o to_o a_o place_n unknown_a the_o rectory_n of_o a_o church_n a_o fortress_n or_o into_o another_o county_n that_o they_o can_v be_v redeem_v or_o replevine_v by_o their_o owner_n 73._o owner_n f._n n._n b._n in_o the_o writ_n of_o repleg_n averâ—_n foe_o 68_o and_o the_o writ_n vetito_fw-la nannio_fw-la 73._o he_o who_o intervert_v the_o course_n of_o a_o river_n which_o shall_v drive_v a_o mill_n 38._o mill_n dier_n 248._o n._n 80._o and_o foe_fw-mi 320._o n._n 38._o a_o lessee_n or_o freeholder_n who_o commit_v waste_v 10._o waste_v id._n foe_o 36._o n._n 38._o and_o foe_fw-mi 256._o n._n 10._o but_o this_o be_v special_a in_o regard_n that_o by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n he_o forfeit_v the_o thing_n waste_v 5._o waste_v 6_o e._n 1._o c._n 5._o but_o in_o regard_n the_o species_n which_o may_v be_v refer_v hither_o be_v infinite_a i_o shall_v rather_o remit_v you_o to_o those_o who_o be_v more_o large_a as_o treat_v express_o upon_o this_o subject_n then_o trouble_v you_o with_o too_o great_a a_o glut_n and_o multitude_n of_o example_n 40._o example_n boo._n entr._n 10._o action_n sur_fw-fr
le_fw-fr case_n and_o trespass_n bro._n tresp_n f._n n._n b._n foe_n 85._o and_o 92._o fulb._n foe_n 69._o blow_n second_o part_n 12._o 13._o dier_n foe_n 36._o n._n 38._o f._n 208._o n._n 14._o foe_n 285._o n._n 40._o 2_o he_o also_o be_v liable_a to_o this_o action_n who_o damnify_v or_o hurt_v another_o by_o accident_n though_o it_o be_v not_o through_o any_o fault_n and_o deceâ—t_n 17._o deceâ—t_n bract._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 36._o flet._n l._n 4._o c._n 17._o of_o trespass_n and_o injury_n tit._n iu._n we_o have_v declare_v how_o that_o under_o this_o general_a notion_n of_o trespass_n we_o comprehend_v every_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n but_o we_o shall_v treat_v here_o especial_o of_o that_o which_o redound_v to_o the_o disparagement_n and_o contumely_n of_o the_o person_n injure_v as_o when_o one_o strike_v beat_v wound_n or_o maines_z another_z 1._o another_z bract._n l._n 3._o c._n 19_o â—_o 1._o flet._n l._n 2._o c._n 1._o or_o where_o without_o any_o force_n he_o asperce_v the_o credit_n and_o reputation_n of_o another_o by_o approbrious_a word_n 15._o word_n id._n ib._n tr_fw-la 2._o c._n 24._o n._n 3._o flet._n l._n 4._o c._n 40_o 41._o dier_n foe_n 105._o n._n 15._o or_o by_o disperse_v libel_n or_o false_o imprison_v he_o 26._o he_o dier_n foe_n 72._o n._n 6._o foe_n 75._o n._n 21._o foe_n 118_o n._n 77._o foe_n 236._o n._n 26._o or_o ill_o entreat_v he_o in_o any_o such_o like_a sort_n 19_o sort_n bract._n l._n 3._o c_o 19_o 1._o they_o seem_v also_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o this_o trespass_n who_o plot_n and_o imagine_v unjust_o against_o the_o life_n or_o fortune_n of_o other_o who_o our_o lawyer_n call_v conspirator_n n._n conspirator_n dier_n foe_n 85._o n._n 87._o foe_n 244._o n._n 61._o f._n n._n b_o 114_o g._n 115._o a._n l._n 116._o m._n n._n 2._o nor_o be_v we_o only_o capable_a of_o be_v injure_v in_o ourselves_o but_o also_o in_o the_o person_n of_o those_o who_o be_v under_o our_o power_n as_o of_o wife_n 79._o wife_n bro._n tresp_n 43._o fulb._n 79._o child_n 90._o child_n id._n 90._o and_o servant_n servant_n servant_n id._n 80._o and_o bo._n enter_v trespass_n in_o servant_n and_o villain_n 24._o villain_n bro._n villeinage_n 24._o trespass_n 53._o villeinage_n 24._o 3._o a_o trespass_n may_v be_v either_o great_a or_o lesser_a according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n now_o the_o circumstance_n we_o account_v seven_o viz._n the_o cause_n which_o move_v the_o actor_n the_o person_n as_o well_o of_o he_o that_o commit_v as_o of_o he_o who_o sufer_v the_o injury_n the_o place_n time_n quality_n quantity_n and_o event_n and_o these_o be_v material_a either_o as_o to_o the_o aggravate_v or_o diminish_v the_o punishment_n 1_o punishment_n brac_n l_o 3_o tr_fw-la 1_n c_o 6_o flet_n l_o 1_o c_o 16_o and_o l_o 2_o c_o 1_o 4._o we_o call_v a_o contumely_n or_o slanderous_a and_o injurious_a word_n speak_v against_o any_o nobâ—â—_n man_n scandalum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la which_o deserve_v 〈◊〉_d great_a punishment_n than_o any_o other_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n injure_v 11_o injure_v 3_o e_o 1_o c_o 33_o 1_o r_o 2_o c_o 5_o and_o 12_o r_n 2_o c_o 11_o unless_o it_o can_v be_v any_o way_n just_o excuse_v 37_o excuse_v dier_n foe_o 285_o n_o 37_o but_o it_o be_v much_o doubt_v whether_o slander_v speak_v against_o a_o prince_n may_v be_v refer_v hither_o or_o not_o 19_o not_o id_fw-la 155_o n_o 19_o 5_o this_o action_n as_o all_o other_o action_n of_o trespass_n lie_v against_o he_o through_o who_o fault_n and_o by_o who_o will_n the_o injury_n be_v do_v 6._o do_v brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1_o c._n 6._o and_o be_v give_v for_o the_o repair_n the_o damage_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v as_o himself_o esteem_v they_o and_o the_o jury_n who_o in_o this_o case_n be_v judge_n shall_v give_v ib._n give_v id._n ib._n 6._o nor_o will_v word_n which_o be_v too_o general_a 4_o general_a coo._n l._n 4._o sâ—anhops_n case_n foe_n 15_o n_o 4_o or_o which_o have_v a_o dubious_a interpretation_n c._n interpretation_n id._n ib_o hext_n c._n or_o false_a accusation_n before_o a_o competent_a 3._o competent_a id._n ib_o buckler_n case_n n_o 3._o judge_n give_v colour_n to_o this_o action_n beside_o that_o it_o may_v be_v defend_v by_o justification_n 17_o justification_n flet._n l._n 4._o c._n 17_o and_o adnul_v by_o the_o dissimulation_n or_o tergiverfation_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v 28_o injure_v brac._n l._n 4._o tr_fw-la 1._o c_o 28_o of_o obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o impute_a crime_n tit._n v._n a_o judge_n with_o we_o according_a to_o some_o make_v the_o suit_n his_o own_o by_o misjudging_a 15._o misjudging_a brac_n l_o 5_o tr_fw-la 5_o c_o 15._o but_o at_o this_o day_n the_o party_n who_o be_v prejudice_v and_o wrong_v by_o a_o judgement_n rather_o remove_v his_o cause_n to_o another_o court_n either_o by_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n if_o the_o court_n be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n or_o otherwise_o by_o a_o writ_n of_o false_a judgement_n and_o require_v amendment_n and_o correction_n of_o the_o former_a sentence_n 8_o sentence_n 27_o eliz._n c_o 8_o 1._o yet_o be_v there_o obligation_n with_o we_o also_o from_o impute_a crime_n as_o in_o case_n a_o under-sheriff_n give_v false_a information_n to_o the_o king_n court_n or_o make_v default_n in_o execute_v the_o command_n of_o the_o justice_n the_o sheriff_n himself_o shall_v undergo_v the_o penalty_n and_o not_o he_o 24_o he_o dr_n stu_fw-la l_o 2_o c_o 24_o so_o also_o if_o the_o king_n cupbearer_n do_v substitute_v other_o in_o his_o office_n he_o shall_v be_v oblige_v for_o their_o default_n 21_o default_n 25_o e_z 3_o stat_n 2_o c_o 21_o which_o hold_v true_a not_o only_o in_o the_o exchequer_n 38_o exchequer_n 14_o e_z 3_o stat_n 1_o c_o 9_o dier_n 161_o n_z 45_o and_o 238_o n_o 38_o but_o in_o other_o court_n likewise_o where_o the_o officer_n deputy_n do_v not_o perform_v their_o duty_n 111_o duty_n cromâ—_n juris_n 111_o as_o also_o in_o escheator_n who_o substitute_v another_o who_o act_n they_o refuse_v to_o be_v oblige_v by_o 33_o by_o 12_o e_z 4_o c_o 9_o coo._n l_o 4_o mittan_n case_n foe_z 33_o 2._o in_o the_o like_a manner_n be_v hundred_o of_o county_n oblige_v to_o the_o compensation_n of_o what_o be_v lose_v by_o robery_n commit_v within_o they_o unless_o they_o apprehend_v the_o thief_n b_o and_o the_o neighbour_a villiage_n to_o any_o place_n who_o trench_n and_o hedge_n be_v illegal_o throw_v down_o by_o person_n unknown_a 45._o unknown_a id_fw-la c._n 45._o 3._o so_o if_o a_o servant_n by_o negligence_n burn_v his_o master_n house_n and_o the_o neighbour_a house_n to_o it_o the_o master_n be_v oblige_v in_o like_a manner_n be_v the_o master_n of_o a_o common_a inn_n if_o his_o servant_n 9_o servant_n plough_v â—o_o 9_o or_o any_o one_o else_o within_o his_o inn_n 9_o inn_n dyer_n foe_fw-mi 158._o n._n 32._o foe_n 266._o n._n 9_o take_v money_n from_o any_o guest_n within_o the_o inn_n and_o the_o keeper_n of_o a_o prison_n if_o any_o of_o his_o servant_n suffer_v a_o prisoner_n to_o escape_v 24._o escape_v dr._n stu._n l._n 2._o c._n 24._o but_o of_o this_o you_o shall_v find_v many_o other_o kind_n in_o our_o learned_a writer_n 4_o writer_n fulb._n para_n v._o contract_v foe_n 3._o and_o 4_o of_o action_n tit._n vi_o a_o action_n and_o a_o writ_n be_v often_o time_n use_v promiscuous_o for_o a_o writ_n wherein_o a_o party_n be_v summon_v contain_v a_o breise_n and_o short_a narration_n of_o the_o fact_n which_o produâ—â—th_v a_o action_n but_o those_o lawyer_n of_o we_o who_o profess_v the_o explication_n of_o writ_n asfirm_v they_o to_o be_v of_o a_o far_o large_a extent_n than_o action_n 17._o action_n the_o author_n of_o the_o register_n f._n n._n b._n bract._n 1._o 5._o tr_fw-la 5._o c._n 17._o for_o that_o they_o contain_v many_o extrajudiciall_a command_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o those_o business_n which_o concern_v either_o its_o self_n 147._o self_n f._n n._n b._n 232._o 251._o 147._o the_o commonwealth_n 164._o commonwealth_n id._n 170._o 169._o 164._o or_o private_a person_n 164._o person_n id._n 79._o 164._o but_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o they_o be_v in_o case_n of_o judgement_n of_o which_o some_o constitute_v judge_n 110._o judge_n id._n 110._o some_o require_v those_o who_o be_v already_o constitute_v to_o administer_v judgement_n to_o those_o who_o demand_n 240._o demand_n id._n 153._o 240._o some_o free_a man_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n from_o judgement_n for_o some_o special_a cause_n 28._o cause_n id._n 28._o some_o force_n those_o who_o be_v unwilling_a to_o give_v security_n to_o bear_v judgement_n 85._o judgement_n id._n 85._o some_o permit_v those_o who_o be_v in_o suit_n to_o substitute_v other_o to_o prosecute_v for_o they_o
many_o practiser_n have_v tell_v i_o for_o that_o the_o sheriff_n in_o his_o return_n of_o the_o write_v name_n pledge_n for_o prosecution_n not_o as_o to_o oblige_v they_o to_o any_o process_n but_o to_o avoid_v error_n since_o that_o real_o there_o be_v no_o body_n oblige_v 1._o how_o the_o defendant_n in_o former_a time_n give_v caution_n or_o put_v in_o bail_n for_o his_o appearance_n many_o have_v declare_v at_o large_a but_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v alter_v wherefore_o for_o the_o more_o full_a handle_n of_o this_o business_n we_o have_v think_v it_o needful_a to_o run_v over_o and_o examine_v the_o custom_n of_o every_o court_n 2._o the_o upper_a bench_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o the_o law_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n handle_v criminal_a cause_n and_o if_o that_o be_v true_a which_o we_o read_v take_v little_a cognisance_n of_o private_a contract_n unless_o it_o be_v out_o of_o particular_a favour_n but_o leave_v they_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n the_o sheriff_n in_o their_o county_n court_v and_o baron_n and_o lord_n of_o manor_n 18._o manor_n glan_n l._n 1._o c._n 2_o 3_o 4._o &_o l._n 8._o c._n 10._o &_o l._n 10._o c._n 10._o 18._o but_o at_o this_o day_n it_o receive_v and_o determine_v all_o civil_a action_n which_o can_v but_o be_v draw_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o trespass_n vi_o &_o armis_fw-la or_o contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la 47._o pacem_fw-la cromp._n fol_z 47._o and_o the_o defendant_n if_o take_v within_o the_o same_o county_n where_o the_o court_n be_v viz._n in_o middlesex_n be_v bring_v to_o answer_v any_o private_a action_n whatsoever_o without_o distinction_n middlesex_n distinction_n this_o writ_n be_v call_v a_o bill_n of_o middlesex_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o find_v in_o that_o county_n than_o he_o be_v suppose_v under_o the_o pretence_n of_o fraud_n or_o contempt_n to_o sculk_v in_o the_o county_n where_o he_o dwell_v under_o which_o colour_n he_o be_v command_v to_o be_v take_v and_o to_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n to_o be_v keep_v in_o who_o custody_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o shall_v come_v because_o he_o be_v now_o in_o the_o same_o county_n where_o the_o court_n be_v he_o may_v be_v compel_v to_o answer_v any_o action_n whatsoever_o 1._o whatsoever_o dyer_n foe_n 217_o n._n 1._o and_o to_o put_v in_o bail_n to_o the_o action_n unless_o he_o will_v go_v to_o prison_n and_o by_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n every_o action_n together_o with_o the_o record_n of_o the_o court_n which_o concern_v it_o may_v be_v call_v into_o this_o court_n at_o this_o day_n not_o withstand_v that_o it_o can_v not_o take_v its_o beginning_n there_o 48._o there_o f._n n._n b._n bro._n error_n crompt_v fol._n 47_o 48._o 3._o in_o personal_a and_o civil_a action_n which_o be_v prosecute_v in_o the_o common_a bank_n or_o common_a pleas._n there_o first_o issue_v forth_o a_o summons_n 2._o summons_n brac._n l._n 5._o tr_fw-la 5._o c._n 31._o n._n 2._o which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n as_o all_o original_a writ_n be_v and_o if_o the_o defendant_n be_v not_o find_v or_o be_v find_v do_v not_o appear_v there_o be_v issue_v forth_o a_o capias_fw-la alias_o &_o plures_fw-la yet_o so_o as_o there_o be_v fifteen_o day_n intervene_v each_o writ_n and_o if_o he_o be_v take_v he_o be_v commit_v to_o prison_n to_o be_v keep_v till_o the_o day_n of_o his_o appoint_a appearance_n unless_o he_o give_v security_n to_o the_o sheriff_n who_o be_v the_o person_n command_v to_o take_v he_o for_o his_o appearance_n which_o be_v do_v he_o can_v no_o long_o detain_v he_o except_o it_o be_v for_o some_o particular_a cause_n e._n cause_n v._o n._n b._n 41._o f._n n._n b._n 66._o e._n but_o if_o after_o the_o plures_fw-la they_o can_v not_o be_v take_v than_o a_o exigent_n be_v issue_v to_o the_o sheriff_n in_o which_o he_o be_v require_v to_o demand_v he_o in_o open_a and_o public_a county_n court_n for_o five_o court_n day_n together_o to_o make_v his_o appearance_n and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o appear_v then_o he_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o king_n protection_n and_o lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o subject_a for_o he_o be_v proclaim_v outlaw_v and_o all_o his_o good_n chattel_n rent_n and_o profit_n of_o land_n and_o whatsoever_o do_v natural_o grow_v thereon_o be_v forseit_v to_o the_o exchequer_n notwithstanding_o that_o the_o action_n be_v personal_a 30._o personal_a bro._n forfeiture_n fol._n 30._o 4._o in_o real_a action_n if_o the_o demand_n be_v of_o a_o corporal_a thing_n the_o defendant_n be_v first_o summon_v and_o if_o he_o appear_v not_o than_o the_o thing_n in_o action_n be_v seize_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n until_o he_o do_v appear_v 161._o appear_v v._o n._n b._n foe_o 126._o 161._o which_o be_v do_v also_o if_o after_o his_o first_o appearance_n he_o delay_v to_o answer_v ib._n answer_v id._n ib._n if_o it_o be_v a_o right_n which_o be_v in_o question_n and_o can_v convenient_o be_v take_v than_o the_o defendant_n be_v summon_v and_o not_o appear_v his_o good_n be_v distrain_v 27._o distrain_v id._n 71._o 27._o but_o i_o can_v affirm_v this_o rule_n so_o constant_a as_o not_o to_o fail_v 26._o fail_v assis_n ult_n present_a fol._n 26._o but_o there_o be_v no_o great_a necessity_n of_o be_v exact_a here_o in_o regard_n every_o writ_n have_v a_o form_n in_o it_o of_o take_v security_n by_o which_o the_o defendant_n be_v bind_v in_o law_n origin_n law_n regist_n origin_n 5._o there_o be_v no_o process_n lie_v against_o the_o body_n of_o parliament_n man_n or_o of_o body_n politic_a but_o they_o be_v first_o summon_v and_o upon_o their_o contempt_n their_o good_n distrain_v until_o they_o appear_v for_o the_o law_n presume_v they_o who_o be_v parliament_n man_n be_v able_a enough_o 61._o enough_o v._o n._n b._n fol._n 61._o and_o body_n politic_a have_v not_o visible_a existency_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v take_v 539._o take_v plough_v 538_o 539._o and_o noble_a man_n and_o prelate_n who_o claim_v the_o title_n of_o peer_n and_o who_o sit_v in_o parliament_n have_v always_o have_v the_o privilege_n that_o in_o corporation_n and_o burrough_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v their_o horse_n can_v be_v distrain_v for_o debt_n upon_o a_o contract_n or_o trespass_n so_o long_o as_o they_o have_v other_o chattel_n there_o by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v distrain_v i._o distrain_v f._n n._n b._n fol._n 93._o i._o 6._o there_o be_v certain_a case_n wherein_o the_o defendant_n body_n may_v be_v take_v without_o summons_n and_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o put_v in_o bail_n for_o his_o appearance_n in_o which_o case_n his_o good_n may_v be_v distrain_v though_o he_o be_v not_o personal_o take_v 49._o take_v f._n n._n b._n trcsp_n foe_fw-mi 85._o 92._o v._o n._n b._n 49._o as_o trespass_n and_o other_o case_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n 93._o nature_n v._o n._n b._n 121._o 57_o 69._o 92_o 93._o and_o if_o the_o defendant_n have_v not_o good_n then_o be_v he_o sue_v to_o the_o utlawry_n 7._o in_o the_o chancery_n in_o case_n of_o equity_n there_o be_v first_o a_o summons_n under_o a_o pecuniary_a mulct_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n to_o appear_v at_o a_o day_n prefix_v which_o if_o they_o neglect_v than_o their_o body_n be_v take_v if_o find_v and_o either_o they_o be_v commit_v to_o prison_n or_o force_v to_o put_v in_o bail_n but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o take_v than_o proclamation_n issue_v forth_o and_o be_v make_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o county_n public_o wherein_o they_o be_v summon_v upon_o their_o allegiance_n and_o if_o upon_o this_o they_o appear_v not_o than_o a_o commission_n be_v issue_v forth_o to_o certain_a eminent_a man_n in_o which_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o seize_v they_o as_o rebel_n and_o to_o bring_v they_o or_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o chancery_n by_o a_o day_n prefix_v in_o the_o commission_n 24._o commission_n west_n part_n 2._o sect._n 22_o 23_o 24._o but_o even_o here_o also_o parliament_n man_n enjoy_v their_o privilege_n that_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n by_o their_o private_a letter_n do_v gentle_o entreat_v they_o to_o appear_v and_o answer_v by_o their_o attorney_n 21._o attorney_n id._n ib._n 21._o but_o if_o in_o this_o court_n process_n be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o upon_o a_o account_n 42._o account_n cromp._n 41_o 42._o or_o a_o audita_fw-la querela_fw-la 72._o querela_fw-la plough_v 72._o then_o be_v they_o also_o compel_v to_o appear_v by_o writ_n fit_v for_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o business_n 8._o in_o cause_n criminal_a which_o be_v capital_a as_o in_o treason_n or_o felony_n there_o be_v first_o a_o capias_fw-la issue_v forth_o then_o alias_o &_o plures_fw-la than_o a_o exigent_n and_o upon_o
bring_v a_o personal_a action_n which_o concern_v neither_o title_n of_o land_n free_a tenement_n inheritance_n or_o battery_n in_o any_o of_o the_o court_n at_o westminster_n in_o which_o action_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n shall_v value_v both_o the_o debt_n and_o damage_n to_o be_v under_o forty_o shilling_n that_o the_o cost_v of_o such_o suit_n shall_v not_o be_v assign_v great_a than_o the_o principal_a value_n and_o that_o whereas_o the_o sheriff_n and_o their_o deputy_n be_v wont_v former_o to_o cite_v and_o summon_v the_o good_a people_n of_o england_n without_o any_o warrant_n or_o writ_n to_o the_o say_a court_n or_o to_o imprison_v their_o body_n or_o distrain_v their_o good_n that_o from_o thenceforth_o they_o shall_v not_o dare_v to_o attempt_v the_o like_a and_o he_o that_o make_v default_n in_o this_o or_o cause_v another_o to_o do_v so_o shall_v be_v commit_v to_o prison_n without_o bail_n or_o mainprize_n until_o he_o have_v beside_o damage_n and_o cost_v of_o suit_n pay_v ten_o pound_n to_o the_o party_n injure_v and_o twenty_o pound_n to_o the_o exchequer_n 6_o exchequer_n 43._o eliz._n c._n 6_o 4._o nor_o shall_v a_o man_n escape_v unpunished_a for_o move_v or_o begin_v every_o suit_n rash_o for_o in_o some_o case_n if_o the_o plaintiff_n upon_o the_o defendant_n appearance_n desist_v he_o shall_v pay_v cost_v 15._o cost_v 23_o h._n 8._o c._n 15._o as_o informer_n upon_o penal_a statute_n if_o after_o the_o suit_n begin_v they_o delay_v discontinue_v or_o be_v nonsuit_n in_o the_o same_o or_o have_v the_o trial_n or_o matter_n pass_v against_o they_o by_o verdict_n or_o judgement_n of_o law_n they_o shall_v pay_v unto_o the_o defendant_n his_o damage_n and_o cost_v which_o shall_v be_v assign_v he_o by_o the_o court._n 5._o court._n 18._o eliz._n c._n 5._o 5._o so_o also_o they_o who_o indict_v or_o impeach_v any_o one_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o any_o crime_n whereby_o their_o life_n credit_n or_o estate_n be_v in_o jeopardy_n be_v liable_a to_o a_o action_n of_o conspiracy_n 1._o conspiracy_n 33_o e._n 1._o sta._n 3._o 3_o h._n 7._o c._n 1._o which_o presume_v malice_n whereby_o they_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o pay_v the_o full_a damage_n sustain_v by_o such_o accusation_n or_o eviction_n â—_o eviction_n f._n n._n b_o f._n 115._o â—_o and_o in_o some_o case_n they_o shall_v pay_v treble_a damage_n 10._o damage_n 8_o h._n 6._o c._n 10._o 6._o and_o i_o have_v hear_v from_o some_o practiser_n that_o if_o any_o one_o in_o forma_fw-la pauperis_fw-la procure_v a_o liberty_n of_o bring_v his_o action_n in_o the_o upper_a bench_n common_a plea_n or_o the_o chancery_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n 12._o statute_n 11._o h._n 7._o c._n 12._o and_o betray_v rather_o a_o spirit_n of_o contention_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o suit_n than_o a_o just_a cause_n that_o such_o person_n shall_v have_v corporal_a punishment_n 15._o punishment_n 23_o h._n 8._o c._n 15._o 7._o but_o our_o ancestor_n be_v wont_a to_o deter_v man_n from_o their_o light_n and_o rash_a suit_n by_o a_o oath_n for_o it_o be_v prohibit_v every_o one_o to_o bring_v any_o action_n of_o battery_n before_o the_o king_n justice_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o wound_n or_o maim_n without_o they_o first_o make_v oath_n that_o his_o plaint_n be_v true_a or_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n for_o good_n take_v without_o make_v oath_n that_o the_o good_n take_v be_v worth_a forty_o shilling_n at_o the_o least_o 8._o least_o 6_o e._n 1._o c._n 8._o 8._o there_o be_v many_o statute_n make_v by_o the_o no_o less_o prudence_n than_o equity_n of_o former_a parliament_n 523._o parliament_n 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 30._o 18_o eliz._n c._n 14._o 27_o eliz_n c._n 5_o &_o 6._o blow_n 83._o 522_o 523._o for_o the_o speedy_a decide_n of_o suit_n which_o that_o they_o may_v be_v prefer_v before_o private_a end_n and_o profit_n be_v to_o be_v wish_v by_o all_o good_a man_n in_o regard_n rhey_n do_v principal_o recommend_v the_o truth_n of_o cause_n to_o the_o justistice_n reject_v all_o malicious_a calumny_n of_o those_o who_o be_v subtle_a and_o litigious_a and_o among_o these_o that_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v number_v by_o which_o the_o craft_n and_o knavery_n of_o under-sheriff_n and_o their_o officer_n and_o bailiff_n be_v restrain_v 12_o restrain_v 27_o eliz._n c._n 12_o of_o the_o office_n and_o duty_n of_o a_o judge_n tit._n xvii_o our_o king_n be_v wont_v formert_o at_o their_o inauguration_n or_o coronation_n to_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o this_o effect_n viz._n that_o they_o will_v keep_v inviolate_a all_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o holy_a church_n which_o be_v grant_v unto_o she_o by_o the_o christian_a king_n of_o england_n that_o they_o will_v keep_v without_o impair_n or_o diminution_n all_o and_o singular_a the_o land_n and_o dignity_n appertain_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o endeavour_v with_o all_o their_o power_n the_o restitution_n of_o such_o as_o be_v impair_v or_o lose_v if_o any_o be_v that_o they_o will_v cherish_v the_o quiet_a and_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n clergy_n and_o people_n that_o they_o will_v keep_v and_o observe_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v receive_v and_o establish_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n and_o abrogate_v all_o such_o custom_n and_o law_n which_o be_v ill_a and_o naught_o and_o last_o that_o they_o will_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n assure_v peace_n to_o the_o people_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o procure_v it_o from_o other_o 7._o other_o brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 9_o n._n 2._o f._n n._n b_o 232._o a._n spec._n justice_n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o 1._o the_o oath_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o superior_a court_n and_o of_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o eychequer_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n viz._n that_o they_o will_v well_o and_o true_o serve_v the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n and_o not_o consent_v to_o any_o thing_n which_o may_v tend_v to_o their_o prejudice_n or_o exheredation_n that_o they_o will_v not_o take_v fee_fw-mi nor_o robe_n of_o any_o man_n but_o the_o king_n that_o they_o will_v not_o take_v any_o gift_n of_o any_o one_o who_o cause_n be_v depend_v before_o they_o except_o meat_n and_o drink_n and_o that_o of_o a_o small_a value_n nor_o any_o thing_n for_o any_o cause_n after_o it_o be_v try_v 10._o try_v brac._n ib._n c._n 8_o n._n 2_o 3._o &_o n._n 9_o 10._o that_o they_o will_v not_o give_v counsel_n to_o any_o one_o in_o any_o case_n which_o concern_v the_o king_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o be_v at_o the_o king_n will_v as_o to_o body_n and_o good_n that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v deter_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n from_o do_v and_o administer_a justice_n to_o any_o one_o 10._o one_o brac._n ib._n c._n 8_o n._n 2_o 3._o &_o n._n 9_o 10._o 2._o this_o we_o have_v even_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n 27_o beginning_n 2_o e._n 3._o c._n 8._o 20_o e._n 3._o c._n 1._o dier_n 138._o n._n 27_o unto_o this_o present_a that_o where_o any_o one_o be_v sue_v in_o case_n of_o property_n of_o a_o fee_n simple_n for_o land_n or_o tenement_n it_o be_v at_o his_o choice_n whether_o he_o will_v be_v try_v by_o his_o country_n or_o by_o battle_n if_o he_o prefer_v to_o be_v try_v by_o his_o country_n the_o business_n be_v determine_v by_o a_o grand_a assize_n but_o if_o by_o battle_n than_o a_o day_n be_v appoint_v 42._o appoint_v glan_n l._n 2._o c._n 6._o &_o 7._o brit._n c._n 42._o upon_o which_o the_o case_n be_v commit_v to_o two_o combatant_n who_o we_o call_v champion_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o single_a duel_n between_o who_o it_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o event_n 42._o event_n dierf_n 301._o n._n 40._o 41._o 42._o 3._o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o nation_n require_v also_o that_o all_o trial_n of_o private_a action_n except_o a_o few_o as_o to_o matter_n of_o fact_n 114._o fact_n plough_v 92._o 114._o shall_v be_v determine_v by_o a_o jury_n of_o twelve_o free_a and_o lawful_a man_n of_o the_o same_o vicinage_n who_o be_v neither_o ally_v to_o either_o party_n 7._o party_n dr._n stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o or_o hinder_v by_o any_o just_a exception_n challenge_n exception_n dier_n 144._o n._n 59_o 176._o n._n 27._o 177._o n._n 33_o 316_o n._n 3._o bro._n tit._n challenge_n 4._o those_o who_o be_v indict_v for_o any_o capital_a crime_n or_o felony_n before_o a_o judge_n unless_o any_o question_n arise_v touch_v matter_n of_o law_n be_v not_o allow_v council_n yet_o the_o law_n require_v that_o the_o judge_n himself_o shall_v instruct_v the_o party_n in_o all_o thing_n appertain_v to_o the_o form_n of_o his_o defence_n lest_o a_o ignorant_a innocency_n endanger_v his_o life_n 63._o life_n fortesc_n c._n 27._o dr
stu._n l._n 2._o c._n 84._o stamf._n plea_n l._n 2._o c._n 63._o but_o in_o case_n of_o a_o appeal_v he_o may_v make_v use_n of_o other_o for_o his_o defence_n and_o if_o he_o be_v so_o poor_a that_o through_o want_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o procure_v counsel_n the_o judge_n ought_v upon_o his_o request_n to_o assign_v he_o a_o patron_n to_o plead_v for_o he_o ib._n he_o dr._n stu._n ib._n 5._o as_o for_o the_o sum_n in_o which_o any_o one_o suppose_v himself_o to_o be_v prejudice_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o trespass_n commit_v against_o he_o the_o justice_n do_v proportion_n it_o either_o by_o the_o verdict_n of_o a_o jury_n or_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o own_o office_n 1._o office_n brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 1._o for_o they_o do_v after_o that_o the_o cost_n be_v tax_v by_o a_o jury_n augment_v they_o upon_o cause_n show_v 6._o if_o the_o juror_n be_v swear_v upon_o their_o go_v together_o can_v agree_v upon_o their_o verdict_n so_o that_o there_o be_v any_o danger_n that_o they_o may_v perish_v through_o hunger_n because_o the_o common_a law_n prohibit_v they_o from_o eat_v and_o drink_v without_o the_o judge_n leave_v until_o they_o be_v agree_v together_o upon_o their_o verdict_n when_o any_o such_o danger_n appear_v the_o judge_n may_v permit_v they_o to_o eat_v and_o drink_v and_o remit_v they_o again_o to_o consult_v and_o if_o at_o length_n they_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n agree_v he_o may_v have_v amerce_v they_o discharge_v they_o and_o appoint_v other_o in_o their_o stead_n 52._o stead_n dr._n stu._n l_o 2._o c._n 52._o 7._o we_o have_v before_o mention_v and_o declare_v that_o that_o action_n which_o be_v call_v noxâ—lis_fw-la actio_fw-la be_v whole_o unknown_a to_o we_o book_n we_o tit._n 8._o of_o this_o book_n since_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o judge_n to_o appeal_v to_o in_o this_o case_n we_o need_v not_o trouble_v ourselves_o with_o observation_n concern_v it_o 8._o if_o in_o a_o real_a action_n judgement_n shalâ—…_n pass_v for_o the_o tenant_n the_o demandant_n shalâ—…_n only_o be_v adjudge_v to_o pay_v cost_n of_o suit_n but_o iâ—…_n it_o pass_v for_o the_o demandant_n the_o judge_n shalâ—…_n condemn_v he_o to_o pay_v damage_n and_o cost_v oâ—…_n suit_n and_o shall_v command_v the_o sheriff_n register_n sheriff_n scire_fw-la facias_fw-la f._n n._n b._n in_o the_o index_n throughout_o and_o in_o the_o register_n or_o in_o case_n it_o touch_v any_o benefice_n than_o the_o ordinary_a 38._o ordinary_a f._n n._n b._n 38._o to_o put_v the_o demandant_n into_o possession_n which_o the_o sheriff_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v without_o delay_n and_o this_o be_v true_a whether_o the_o demandant_n sue_v as_o heir_n or_o otherwise_o and_o whether_o the_o tenant_n be_v a_o intruder_n or_o not_o for_o if_o he_o be_v a_o disseisor_n or_o forceable_a intruder_n he_o be_v worthy_a rather_o of_o punishment_n than_o favour_n but_o if_o he_o be_v not_o than_o the_o jury_n lie_v little_a or_o no_o damage_n upon_o he_o 5._o he_o brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 3._o &_o 5._o 9_o a_o action_n be_v chief_o in_o case_n of_o movable_n but_o as_o concern_v movable_n we_o never_o sue_v for_o they_o in_o specie_fw-la as_o i_o say_v before_o but_o only_o propose_v the_o value_n and_o have_v prove_v the_o thing_n in_o action_n to_o be_v we_o and_o the_o value_n so_o much_o we_o recover_v either_o the_o thing_n itself_o or_o the_o value_n i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o the_o defendant_n can_v be_v compel_v by_o our_o law_n to_o restore_v the_o thing_n in_o action_n yet_o in_o the_o case_n of_o land_n or_o a_o incorporeal_a right_n the_o demandant_n or_o tenant_n may_v require_v the_o view_n of_o the_o thing_n if_o it_o be_v out_o of_o necessity_n and_o not_o to_o protract_v in_o which_o case_n the_o judge_n command_v the_o sheriff_n that_o at_o a_o day_n assiign_v he_o cause_v a_o view_n to_o be_v take_v by_o such_o viewer_n or_o surveyor_n as_o may_v certify_v the_o court_n at_o another_o day_n touch_v the_o quantity_n 10._o that_o which_o the_o roman_n call_v judicium_fw-la familiae_fw-la eriscundae_fw-la we_o term_v partition_n of_o a_o inheritance_n but_o whereas_o they_o divide_v as_o well_o movable_n as_o immovables_n among_o heir_n we_o only_o make_v partition_n of_o immovables_n among_o those_o who_o either_o the_o common_a law_n or_o the_o custom_n of_o any_o place_n entitle_v to_o a_o equal_a part_n of_o a_o inheritance_n 2._o inheritance_n lit._n l._n 3._o c._n 1_o 2._o now_o this_o partition_n be_v make_v either_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o heir_n or_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o magistrate_n that_o which_o be_v by_o consent_n may_v either_o be_v so_o make_v that_o the_o estate_n be_v divide_v into_o equal_a part_n the_o elder_a shall_v have_v the_o first_o choice_n and_o so_o the_o rest_n in_o their_o order_n or_o else_o by_o lot_n partition_n lot_n id._n ib._n term_n of_o the_o law_n v._o partition_n the_o form_n of_o that_o which_o be_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o magistrate_n we_o find_v describe_v at_o large_a by_o bracton_n and_o littleton_n ib._n littleton_n brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 33_o 34._o lit._n ib._n in_o which_o this_o be_v last_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v assign_v to_o one_o in_o one_o place_n over_o and_o above_o their_o due_n shall_v be_v recompense_v to_o the_o other_o in_o another_o place_n 8._o place_n brac._n c._n 33._o n._n 8._o 11._o those_o who_o hold_v joint_o whether_o they_o be_v joynt-tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o common_a can_v be_v force_v by_o the_o common_a law_n to_o make_v partition_n yet_o this_o be_v change_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n 32._o parliament_n 31._o h._n 8._o c._n 1_o 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 32._o wherefore_o at_o this_o day_n if_o partition_n be_v make_v among_o these_o the_o same_o rule_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o we_o mention_v in_o case_n of_o coheir_n 9_o coheir_n see_v this_o title_n sect._n 9_o 12._o where_o either_o or_o any_o of_o those_o who_o fee_n or_o villiage_n border_n upon_o each_o other_o desire_v to_o make_v distinction_n of_o their_o bound_n they_o may_v have_v a_o writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n that_o he_o shall_v determine_v and_o bound_v their_o limit_n equal_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o jury_n of_o 12._o man_n the_o most_o discreet_a of_o the_o vicinage_n swear_v for_o this_o purpose_n 134._o purpose_n f._n n._n b._n fol._n 134._o which_o partition_n he_o shall_v certify_v under_o his_o own_o seal_n &_o the_o seal_n of_o four_o knight_n who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o business_n at_o a_o certain_a day_n assign_v and_o if_o either_o be_v unwilling_a to_o have_v their_o bound_n limit_v as_o be_v the_o party_n who_o happy_o do_v commit_v the_o injury_n the_o other_o may_v obtain_v a_o writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o require_v he_o to_o set_v equal_a bound_n and_o limit_n 128._o limit_n term_n of_o the_o law_n v._o perambulation_n f._n n._n b._n fol._n 128._o 13._o now_o whatsoever_o shall_v be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n or_o the_o justice_n upon_o such_o certificate_n to_o each_o that_o shall_v immediate_o become_v they_o to_o who_o it_o be_v adjudge_v 1_o adjudge_v lit._n l._n 3._o c._n 1_o of_o public_a judgement_n tit._n xviii_o as_o for_o those_o punishment_n which_o be_v inflict_v upon_o malefactor_n some_o extend_v to_o the_o loss_n of_o life_n some_o of_o a_o member_n other_o of_o city_n burrough_n or_o province_n some_o to_o perpetual_a banishment_n or_o for_o a_o time_n some_o to_o the_o restrain_v the_o body_n as_o by_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n or_o imprisonment_n for_o a_o time_n some_o to_o beat_v whip_a or_o the_o pillory_n some_o also_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o dignity_n and_o order_n or_o to_o a_o privation_n or_o prohibition_n of_o any_o thing_n 16._o thing_n brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 6._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 16._o 1._o among_o these_o that_o be_v reckon_v chief_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o heinousnesse_n 124._o heinousnesse_n coo._n l._n 4._o beverleys_n case_n 124._o which_o we_o call_v treason_n now_o treason_n 21._o treason_n flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 21._o be_v either_o high_a or_o petite_fw-fr high_a treason_n be_v that_o which_o the_o roman_n call_v laesa_fw-la majestas_fw-la and_o this_o before_o the_o alteration_n of_o our_o government_n be_v dierse_a way_n commit_v as_o by_o kill_v or_o imagine_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n the_o queen_n or_o their_o son_n and_o heir_n apparent_a by_o ravish_v majeste_fw-fr ravish_v spec._n just_o l._n 1._o c._n deal_v peche_n de_fw-fr majeste_fw-fr the_o wife_n or_o elder_a daughter_n of_o the_o king_n if_o she_o be_v unmarried_a or_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o king_n son_n and_o heir_n apparent_a by_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n within_o his_o kingdom_n 56._o kingdom_n dyer_n
their_o land_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o appear_v personal_o in_o the_o chancery_n or_o in_o either_o bench_n or_o before_o justice_n particular_o for_o that_o purpose_n depute_v to_o answer_v such_o contempt_n if_o they_o appear_v not_o then_o be_v they_o their_o procurator_n attorney_n executor_n notary_n and_o summoner_n deprive_v of_o protection_n their_o land_n good_n and_o chattel_n forfeit_v to_o the_o supreme_a power_n and_o their_o body_n wheresoever_o find_v and_o take_v keep_v in_o prison_n until_o they_o have_v pay_v a_o fine_a to_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o at_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n 10._o power_n 27_o e._n 3._o c._n 1._o bro._n tit_n praemanire_fw-la 10._o 40._o those_o also_o be_v liable_a to_o this_o who_o seek_v for_o any_o presentation_n to_o church_n prebendary_n or_o other_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n from_o rome_n or_o who_o seek_v and_o obtain_v any_o process_n concern_v the_o premise_n any_o excommucation_n bull_n or_o other_o instrument_n from_o thence_o nor_o they_o only_o but_o their_o procurer_n executor_n notary_n summoner_n promoter_n and_o assister_n 2._o assister_n 13_o r._n 2._o c._n 2._o so_o also_o those_o who_o procure_v any_o provision_n from_o the_o pope_n by_o which_o they_o become_v absolve_v from_o their_o obedience_n or_o obtain_v any_o office_n in_o any_o religious_a house_n etc._n etc._n 3._o etc._n 2_o h._n 4._o c._n 3._o as_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbors_n who_o pay_v a_o great_a sum_n then_o usual_a to_o the_o pope_n for_o their_o benefice_n 1._o benefice_n 6_o h._n 4._o c._n 1._o together_o with_o those_o rector_n and_o vicar_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archdeacon_n of_o richmond_n who_o impose_v too_o great_a exaction_n upon_o the_o subject_a 8._o subject_a 26_o h._n 8._o 41._o to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v those_o who_o defend_v or_o promote_v any_o authority_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o pope_n which_o he_o shall_v claim_v in_o england_n either_o by_o word_n writing_n or_o act_n or_o those_o who_o shall_v assist_v help_v or_o comfort_v any_o manner_n of_o way_n any_o person_n or_o person_n who_o shall_v defend_v or_o promote_v the_o same_o 1._o same_o 5_o eliz._n c._n 1._o 28_o h._n 8._o c._n 10._o 1_o eliz._n c._n 1._o those_o who_o entertain_v or_o assist_v any_o who_o shall_v bring_v any_o bull_n write_n or_o instrument_n of_o absolution_n or_o reconciliation_n from_o the_o sea_n of_o rome_n or_o from_o any_o person_n exercise_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n or_o who_o shall_v under_o such_o colour_n absolve_v or_o reconcile_v any_o person_n or_o who_o shall_v accept_v of_o any_o such_o absolution_n last_o those_o who_o shall_v bring_v over_o from_o the_o pope_n or_o see_v of_o rome_n or_o from_o any_o one_o claim_v his_o authority_n any_o agnus_n dei_fw-la cross_n picture_n bead_n etc._n etc._n and_o shall_v deliver_v they_o to_o any_o subject_n here_o or_o procure_v they_o to_o be_v deliver_v or_o offer_v to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o those_o also_o who_o shall_v receive_v any_o such_o thing_n be_v offer_v and_o not_o apprehend_v the_o person_n offer_v they_o or_o not_o deliver_v he_o to_o the_o ordinary_a or_o some_o justice_n of_o peace_n within_o three_o day_n together_o with_o the_o thing_n so_o receive_v 2._o receive_v 13_o eliz._n c._n 2._o 42._o they_o also_o come_v under_o the_o same_o notion_n who_o be_v compellable_n refuse_v the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n be_v lawful_o tender_v 1._o tender_v 1_o eliz._n c._n 1._o 5_o eliz._n c._n 1._o or_o who_o do_v direct_o or_o indirect_o give_v any_o money_n or_o sustenance_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n to_o any_o jusuite_n or_o priest_n remain_v in_o any_o seminary_n or_o to_o any_o other_o priest_n deacon_n religious_a or_o ecclesiastical_a person_n or_o to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o any_o of_o their_o seminary_n or_o college_n beyond_o the_o sea_n 2._o sea_n 27_o eliz._n c._n 2._o 43._o and_o last_o those_o who_o take_v or_o procure_v for_o usurer_n by_o way_n of_o usury_n though_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o any_o sale_n or_o contract_n above_o a_o ten_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la 8._o annum_fw-la 19_o eliz._n c._n 8._o but_o some_o of_o our_o lawyer_n through_o gain_n or_o ambition_n have_v too_o violent_o extend_v this_o strict_a punishment_n by_o stretch_v the_o word_n of_o one_o statute_n 5._o statute_n 16_o r._n 2._o c._n 5._o which_o be_v mean_v in_o the_o generality_n to_o every_o light_a offence_n of_o judge_n especial_o ecclesiastical_a 52_o ecclesiastical_a cromp._n foe_n 52_o to_o who_o i_o shall_v only_o say_v that_o that_o candour_n of_o some_o be_v to_o be_v desire_v and_o that_o ignorance_n of_o other_o lament_v which_o a_o very_a learned_a man_n do_v late_o most_o accurate_o persuade_v and_o refute_v 85._o refute_v cosmus_n part_v 3._o c._n 7_o fol._n 85._o 44._o those_o crime_n which_o be_v punish_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o protection_n be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v light_n now_o they_o incur_v this_o who_o be_v five_o time_n lawful_o summon_v in_o a_o full_a county_n do_v not_o give_v their_o appearance_n to_o a_o personal_a action_n or_o a_o indictment_n 3._o indictment_n 13_o e._n 1._o c._n 35_o 31_o eliz._n cap._n 3._o for_o they_o be_v pronounce_v utlawed_o and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o civil_a action_n they_o forfeit_v all_o their_o good_n and_o chattel_n with_o the_o profit_n natural_o arise_v from_o their_o land_n 30._o land_n bro._n forfeiture_n 30._o and_o if_o it_o be_v criminal_a than_o they_o forfeit_v all_o their_o land_n and_o tenement_n also_o to_o the_o public_a exchequer_n for_o ever_o utlawry_n ever_o term_n of_o the_o law_n v._o utlawry_n and_o be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la deprive_v of_o the_o benefit_n of_o all_o law_n and_o of_o the_o privilege_n of_o subject_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_n any_o one_o may_v kill_v they_o unpunished_a 11._o unpunished_a brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 2._o c._n 11._o but_o this_o law_n be_v alter_v 1._o alter_v 5_o eliz._n c._n 1._o they_o be_v now_o refer_v to_o a_o pecuniary_a fine_a those_o also_o be_v liable_a to_o this_o punishment_n who_o remove_n or_o throw_v down_o the_o sea-mark_n by_o which_o mariner_n be_v secure_v from_o wander_a and_o direct_v to_o their_o port_n if_o the_o offender_n be_v not_o worth_a a_o hundred_o pound_n whereby_o they_o may_v with_o money_n satisfy_v for_o their_o oftence_n 13._o oftence_n 8_o eliz._n c._n 13._o 45._o perjury_n commit_v by_o any_o person_n who_o be_v of_o a_o jury_n in_o any_o court_n be_v so_o odious_a to_o our_o ancestor_n that_o it_o be_v decree_v that_o all_o such_o offender_n shall_v have_v their_o meadow_n and_o garden_n dig_v up_o their_o house_n pull_v down_o their_o wood_n extirpated_a and_o grub_v up_o and_o all_o their_o land_n confiscate_v altaint_n confiscate_v term_n v._o altaint_n and_o moreover_o according_a to_o some_o they_o be_v io_o be_v commit_v to_o prison_n and_o for_o ever_o render_v so_o infamous_a that_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o law_n and_o their_o testimony_n never_o to_o be_v admit_v in_o any_o cause_n fleta_n cause_n fleta_n 46._o those_o who_o commit_v perjury_n in_o any_o court_n be_v fine_v twenty_o pound_n and_o suffer_v six_o month_n imprisonment_n without_o bail_n or_o main_a prize_n and_o make_v incapable_a for_o ever_o after_o of_o bear_v witness_n in_o any_o court_n of_o record_n and_o if_o any_o person_n do_v procure_v or_o suborn_v another_o to_o commit_v perjury_n in_o any_o court_n he_o be_v to_o be_v fine_v forty_o pound_n and_o if_o he_o have_v not_o so_o much_o in_o good_n and_o chattel_n he_o be_v then_o to_o suffer_v six_o month_n imprisonment_n without_o bale_n and_o to_o stand_v in_o the_o pillory_n in_o the_o same_o town_n or_o in_o some_o other_o in_o open_a market_n for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o furthermore_o be_v make_v uncapable_a for_o ever_o of_o bear_v witness_n in_o any_o court_n of_o record_n 9_o record_n 5_o eliz._n c._n 9_o but_o perjury_n be_v wont_v frequent_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o en_fw-fr extraordinary_a censure_n in_o that_o honourable_a assembly_n of_o peer_n in_o the_o starr-chamber_n 53._o starr-chamber_n dyer_n fol._n 242._o n._n 53._o 47._o next_o to_o this_o be_v those_o crime_n which_o be_v punish_v with_o dismembering_a or_o mutilation_n of_o the_o body_n as_o the_o cut_n off_o the_o hand_n 12._o hand_n 33_o h._n 8._o 6._o 12._o of_o he_o who_o presume_v to_o strike_v another_o within_o the_o verge_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n the_o loss_n of_o his_o ear_n who_o malicious_o strike_v another_o with_o a_o weapon_n in_o a_o church_n or_o church-yard_n or_o who_o presume_v to_o draw_v a_o weapon_n for_o that_o end_n 4._o end_n 5_o e._n 6._o c._n 4._o and_o if_o the_o person_n so_o offend_v happen_v