unto_o he_o the_o rest_n neglect_v it_o these_o war_n be_v thus_o end_v upon_o the_o relation_n of_o caesar_n letter_n the_o senate_n decree_v a_o supplication_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 20_o day_n observation_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o commentary_n we_o read_v of_o a_o supplication_n grant_v by_o the_o senate_n for_o 15_o day_n which_o be_v never_o grant_v to_o any_o man_n before_o that_o time_n since_o the_o first_o building_n of_o the_o city_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o in_o this_o four_o year_n of_o the_o war_n in_o gallia_n it_o be_v augment_v from_o 15_o unto_o 20_o day_n i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o refer_v the_o handle_n thereof_o unto_o this_o place_n we_o be_v therefore_o to_o understand_v that_o whensoever_o a_o roman_a general_n have_v carry_v himself_o well_o in_o the_o war_n by_o gain_v a_o victory_n or_o enlarge_n the_o bound_n of_o their_o empire_n that_o then_o the_o senate_n do_v decree_v a_o supplication_n to_o the_o god_n in_o the_o name_n of_o that_o captain_n and_o this_o dignity_n be_v much_o seek_v after_o not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a honour_n that_o in_o their_o name_n the_o temple_n of_o their_o god_n shall_v be_v open_v and_o their_o victory_n acknowledge_v with_o the_o concourse_n and_o gratulation_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n but_o also_o because_o a_o supplication_n be_v common_o the_o forerunner_n of_o a_o triumph_n which_o be_v the_o great_a honour_n in_o the_o roman_a government_n cicero_n and_o therefore_o cato_n name_v it_o the_o prerogative_n of_o a_o triumph_n and_o livy_n in_o his_o 26_o book_n say_v that_o it_o be_v long_o dispute_v on_o in_o the_o senate_n how_o they_o can_v deny_v one_o that_o be_v there_o present_a to_o triumph_v who_o absence_n they_o have_v honour_v with_o supplication_n and_o thanksgiving_n to_o the_o god_n for_o thing_n happy_o effect_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o ceremony_n be_v that_o after_o the_o magistrate_n have_v public_o proclaim_v it_o with_o this_o form_n or_o stile_n quod_fw-la bene_fw-la &_o faeciliter_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la administrasset_fw-la the_o roman_a people_n clothe_v in_o white_a garment_n and_o crown_v with_o garland_n go_v to_o all_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o god_n and_o there_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o gratulate_v the_o victory_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o general_n in_o which_o time_n they_o be_v forbid_v all_o other_o business_n but_o that_o which_o pertain_v to_o this_o solemnity_n it_o seem_v that_o this_o time_n of_o supplication_n be_v at_o first_o include_v within_o one_o or_o two_o day_n at_o the_o most_o as_o appear_v by_o livy_n in_o his_o three_o book_n where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o victory_n gain_v by_o two_o several_a battle_n be_v spiteful_o shut_v up_o by_o the_o senate_n in_o one_o day_n supplication_n the_o people_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n keep_v the_o next_o day_n holy_a and_o celebrate_v it_o with_o great_a devotion_n than_o the_o former_a upon_o the_o victory_n which_o camillus_n have_v against_o the_o veij_n there_o be_v grant_v four_o day_n of_o supplication_n to_o which_o there_o be_v afterward_o a_o day_n add_v which_o be_v the_o usual_a time_n of_o supplication_n unto_o the_o time_n that_o pompey_n end_v the_o war_n which_o they_o call_v mithridaticum_n when_o the_o usual_a time_n of_o five_o day_n be_v double_v and_o make_v 10_o and_o in_o the_o second_o of_o these_o commentary_n make_v 15_o and_o now_o bring_v to_o 20_o day_n which_o set_v forth_o the_o incitement_n and_o reward_n of_o well_o do_v which_o the_o roman_n propound_v both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o to_o such_o as_o endeavour_v to_o enlarge_v their_o empire_n or_o manage_v a_o charge_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o four_o commentary_n the_o five_o commentary_n of_o the_o war_n which_o caesar_n make_v in_o gallia_n the_o argument_n caesar_n cause_v a_o great_a navy_n to_o be_v build_v in_o gallia_n he_o carry_v 5_o legion_n into_o brittany_n where_o he_o make_v war_n with_o the_o britain_n on_o both_o side_n the_o river_n thames_n at_o his_o return_n into_o gallia_n most_o of_o the_o gall_n revolt_v and_o first_o the_o eburones_n under_o the_o conduction_n of_o ambiorix_n set_v upon_o the_o camp_n of_o q._n titurius_n the_o legate_n who_o they_o circumvent_v by_o subtlety_n and_o then_o besiege_v the_o camp_n of_o cicero_n but_o be_v put_v by_o and_o their_o army_n overthrow_v by_o caesar_n chap._n i._n caesar_n return_v into_o gallia_n find_v there_o great_a store_n of_o ship_v make_v by_o the_o soldier_n and_o command_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o haven_n iccius_n lucius_n domitius_n caesar_n and_o appius_n claudius_n be_v consul_n caesar_n at_o his_o go_v into_o italy_n give_v order_n to_o the_o legate_n to_o build_v as_o many_o ship_n that_o winter_n as_o possible_o they_o can_v command_v they_o to_o be_v build_v of_o a_o low_a pitch_n than_o those_o which_o be_v use_v in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n for_o the_o speedy_a lade_n &_o unlade_v of_o they_o and_o because_o the_o tide_n in_o these_o sea_n be_v very_o great_a and_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o be_v to_o transport_v great_a store_n of_o horse_n he_o command_v they_o to_o be_v make_v flatter_v in_o the_o bottom_n they_o such_o as_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o place_n and_o all_o of_o they_o to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o use_n of_o oar_n to_o which_o purpose_n their_o low_a building_n serve_v very_o convenient_o other_o necessary_n and_o furniture_n for_o rig_v he_o give_v order_n to_o have_v it_o bring_v out_o of_o spain_n caesar_n after_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n in_o lombardie_n and_o that_o he_o set_v free_a illiricum_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o pirustae_n he_o return_v into_o gallia_n where_o he_o find_v 600_o ship_n build_v by_o the_o extraordinary_a industry_n of_o the_o soldier_n notwithstanding_o the_o penury_n and_o want_n of_o all_o necessary_a matter_n with_o 28_o galley_n ready_a furnish_v which_o in_o a_o few_o day_n may_v be_v launch_v have_v commend_v the_o soldier_n and_o overseer_n of_o the_o work_n he_o command_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o port_n call_v iccius_n from_o whence_o he_o know_v the_o passage_n into_o brittany_n be_v not_o above_o thirty_o mile_n over_o the_o observation_n this_o iccius_n portus_n floide_v think_v to_o be_v caleis_n other_o take_v it_o to_o be_v saint_n omer_n partly_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n which_o be_v in_o itself_o very_o low_o have_v notwithstanding_o very_o high_a bank_n which_o encompass_v the_o town_n about_o and_o in_o time_n past_a be_v a_o very_a large_a haven_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o distance_n from_o this_o town_n to_o the_o next_o continent_n of_o the_o island_n of_o brittany_n which_o strabo_n make_v to_o contain_v 320_o stadia_fw-la which_o agree_v to_o the_o french_a computation_n of_o 13_o league_n caesar_n make_v it_o thirty_o mile_n this_o be_v the_o haven_n which_o pliny_n call_v britannicum_fw-la portum_fw-la morinorum_n chap._n ii_o caesar_n sail_v into_o brittany_n land_v his_o force_n and_o seek_v the_o enemy_n caesar_n have_v prepare_v all_o thing_n in_o readiness_n caesar_n he_o leave_v labienus_n in_o the_o continent_n with_o three_o legion_n and_o 2000_o horse_n both_o to_o keep_v the_o haven_n and_o make_v provision_n of_o corn_n and_o also_o to_o observe_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o gall_n and_o with_o five_o legion_n and_o the_o like_a number_n of_o horse_n as_o he_o leave_v in_o the_o continent_n about_o sunset_n he_o put_v out_o to_o sea_n with_o a_o soft_a south_n wind_n which_o continue_v until_o midnight_n and_o then_o cease_v he_o be_v carry_v with_o the_o tide_n until_o the_o morning_n when_o he_o perceive_v that_o the_o island_n lie_v on_o his_o left_a hand_n and_o again_o as_o the_o tide_n change_v he_o labour_v by_o row_v to_o reach_v that_o part_n of_o the_o island_n where_o he_o have_v find_v good_a land_v the_o year_n before_o wherein_o the_o soldier_n deserve_v great_a commendation_n for_o by_o strength_n and_o force_n of_o oar_n they_o make_v their_o great_a ship_n of_o burden_n to_o keep_v way_n with_o the_o galley_n about_o high_a noon_n they_o arrive_v in_o brittany_n with_o all_o their_o ship_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o enemy_n see_v in_o that_o place_n but_o as_o afterward_o caesar_n understand_v by_o the_o captive_n the_o britain_n be_v there_o with_o a_o great_a power_n but_o be_v terrify_v with_o the_o infinite_a number_n of_o ship_v which_o they_o discover_v from_o the_o shore_n for_o there_o be_v in_o all_o above_o 800_o they_o forsake_v the_o shore_n and_o hide_v themselves_o in_o the_o upland_n country_n caesar_n have_v land_v his_o man_n and_o choose_v a_o convenient_a place_n to_o encamp_v assoon_o as_o he_o understand_v by_o the_o captive_n where_o the_o enemy_n lay_v in_o
it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o these_o century_n be_v in_o themselves_o so_o sensible_o distinguish_v that_o every_o soldier_n carry_v in_o his_o mind_n the_o particular_a map_n of_o his_o whole_a century_n for_o in_o imbtttail_v every_o century_n be_v dispose_v into_o 5._o file_n contain_v twelve_o in_o a_o file_n whereof_o the_o leader_n be_v always_o certain_a and_o never_o change_v but_o by_o death_n or_o some_o other_o especial_a occasion_n and_o every_o leader_n know_v his_o follower_n and_o every_o second_o know_v the_o three_o man_n and_o so_o consequent_o unto_o the_o last_o upon_o these_o particularity_n it_o plain_o appear_v how_o easy_a a_o matter_n it_o be_v to_o reduce_v their_o troop_n into_o any_o order_n of_o a_o march_n or_o a_o battle_n to_o make_v the_o front_n the_o flank_n or_o flank_v front_n when_o they_o be_v break_v and_o disrankt_v to_o rally_v they_o into_o any_o form_n when_o every_o man_n know_v both_o his_o own_o and_o his_o fellow_n station_n if_o any_o company_n be_v to_o be_v employ_v upon_o sudden_a service_n the_o general_a idea_n of_o the_o army_n be_v so_o deep_o imprint_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o commander_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o err_v in_o take_v out_o such_o convenient_a troop_n both_o for_o number_n and_o quality_n as_o may_v best_o agree_v with_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o army_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n at_o all_o occasion_n and_o opportunity_n these_o principle_n of_o advantage_n offer_v themselves_o as_o ready_a mean_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n any_o design_n or_o stratagem_n whatsoever_o the_o project_n be_v no_o soon_o resolve_v of_o but_o every_o man_n can_v ready_o point_v out_o the_o company_n that_o be_v fit_a to_o execute_v the_o intention_n and_o which_o be_v more_o important_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o life_n and_o spirit_n of_o every_o such_o part_n their_o sodalitie_n be_v sweeten_v or_o rather_o strengthen_v with_o the_o mutual_a acquaintance_n and_o friendship_n one_o of_o another_o the_o captain_n march_v always_o in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o troop_n the_o ensign_n in_o the_o midst_n and_o the_o lieutenant_n in_o the_o rearward_n and_o every_o man_n accompany_v with_o his_o neighbour_n and_o his_o friend_n which_o breed_v a_o true_a and_o unfeigned_a courage_n both_o in_o regard_n of_o themselves_o and_o of_o their_o follower_n beside_o these_o specialty_n the_o place_n of_o title_n and_o dignity_n depend_v upon_o this_o order_n be_v no_o small_a mean_n to_o cut_v off_o all_o matter_n of_o civil_a discord_n and_o intestine_a dissension_n for_o here_o every_o man_n know_v his_o place_n in_o the_o file_n and_o every_o file_n know_v his_o place_n in_o the_o centurie_n and_o every_o centurie_n in_o the_o maniple_n and_o every_o maniple_n in_o the_o cohort_n and_o every_o cohort_n in_o the_o legion_n and_o every_o legion_n in_o the_o army_n and_o so_o every_o soldier_n have_v his_o place_n according_a to_o his_o virtue_n and_o every_o place_n give_v honour_n to_o the_o man_n according_a as_o their_o discipline_n have_v determine_v thereof_o the_o want_n of_o this_o discipline_n have_v dishonour_v the_o martial_a government_n of_o this_o age_n with_o bloodshed_n and_o murder_n whereof_o france_n be_v too_o true_a a_o witness_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o french_a themselves_o as_o of_o our_o english_a force_n that_o have_v be_v send_v thither_o to_o appease_v their_o tumult_n for_o through_o defect_n of_o this_o order_n which_o allot_v to_o every_o man_n his_o due_a place_n the_o controversy_n grow_v between_o sir_n william_n drury_n and_o sir_n john_n bowrowe_v the_o issue_n whereof_o be_v too_o well_o know_v to_o the_o world_n wherein_o as_o our_o commander_n in_o france_n have_v be_v negligent_a so_o i_o may_v not_o forget_v to_o give_v due_a commendation_n to_o the_o care_n which_o be_v have_v of_o this_o point_n among_o the_o english_a troop_n in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o state_n in_o the_o unite_a province_n where_o they_o be_v very_o curious_a in_o appoint_v every_o man_n his_o place_n in_o the_o file_n and_o every_o file_n in_o the_o troop_n and_o find_v much_o benefit_n thereby_o beside_o the_o honour_n of_o reviue_v the_o roman_a discipline_n to_o conclude_v this_o point_n squadron_n i_o will_v only_o touch_v in_o a_o word_n the_o benefit_n which_o the_o roman_n find_v in_o their_o small_a battailion_n and_o the_o disadvantage_n which_o we_o have_v in_o make_v great_a squadron_n and_o first_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o such_o troop_n stand_v best_a appoint_v for_o disposition_n and_o array_n of_o battle_n which_o stand_v strong_a to_o receive_v a_o shock_n bring_v most_o man_n to_o fight_v with_o the_o enemy_n for_o the_o principal_a thing_n which_o be_v require_v in_o set_v of_o a_o battle_n be_v so_o to_o order_v the_o troop_n that_o the_o depth_n in_o flank_n may_v serve_v convenient_o to_o withstand_v the_o assault_n take_v up_o no_o more_o man_n than_o may_v well_o serve_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o give_v mean_n to_o the_o rest_n to_o fight_v with_o the_o enemy_n and_o in_o these_o two_o point_n be_v both_o their_o defensive_a and_o offensive_a consideration_n comprehend_v but_o small_a troop_n and_o battailons_a afford_v this_o conveniency_n better_o than_o great_a squadron_n which_o drown_v up_o many_o able_a man_n in_o the_o depth_n of_o their_o flank_n and_o never_o suffer_v they_o to_o appear_v but_o when_o the_o break_n of_o the_o squadron_n do_v present_v they_o to_o the_o butchery_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n as_o i_o have_v note_v in_o the_o first_o book_n never_o carry_v above_o 16_o in_o flank_n and_o bring_v 500_o to_o fight_v in_o front_n and_o these_o little_a battailons_a consider_v they_o as_o they_o stand_v in_o battle_n ray_n make_v as_o great_a a_o front_n or_o great_a then_o that_o of_o the_o phalanx_n keep_v a_o depth_n answerable_a to_o the_o same_o beside_o the_o 2_o and_o 3_o battle_n which_o always_o be_v to_o succour_v they_o which_o the_o phalanx_n want_v neither_o will_v their_o thick_a and_o close_o imbattail_v admit_v any_o such_o succour_n behind_o they_o now_o if_o we_o compare_v the_o advantage_n &_o discommodity_n which_o by_o place_n and_o accident_n be_v incident_a to_o either_o of_o these_o we_o shall_v find_v great_a odds_n between_o they_o these_o great_a squadron_n be_v not_o faisable_v but_o in_o plain_a and_o open_a place_n where_o they_o may_v either_o stand_v immovable_a or_o make_v easy_a and_o slow_a motion_n without_o shake_v or_o disorder_v their_o body_n but_o the_o lesser_a be_v a_o scantling_n for_o all_o place_n champion_n or_o woody_a level_a or_o uneven_a or_o of_o what_o site_n or_o quality_n soever_o and_o to_o conclude_v if_o two_o or_o three_o rank_n of_o these_o great_a battailons_a chance_n to_o be_v break_v and_o disorder_v the_o whole_a body_n be_v as_o much_o interest_v in_o the_o disorder_n as_o the_o say_a rank_n be_v and_o have_v less_o mean_n to_o rally_v itself_o than_o any_o other_o lesser_a company_n but_o if_o any_o violence_n chance_n to_o rout_n a_o maniple_n it_o proceed_v no_o further_o in_o the_o army_n than_o that_o part_n which_o it_o take_v neither_o can_v the_o disrank_n of_o any_o one_o part_n betray_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o army_n to_o disorder_n and_o confusion_n for_o as_o much_o as_o their_o distinction_n serve_v to_o cut_v off_o such_o inconvenience_n and_o yet_o no_o way_n hinder_v the_o general_a unite_n of_o their_o strength_n into_o one_o body_n more_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v this_o matter_n but_o i_o only_a point_n at_o it_o and_o leave_v the_o due_a consideration_n thereof_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o commander_n &_o return_v to_o our_o history_n chap._n four_o the_o belgae_n attempt_v the_o surprise_n of_o retell_v bibrax_n caesar_n send_v succour_v unto_o it_o there_o be_v a_o town_n call_v bibrax_n belong_v to_o the_o state_n of_o rheimes_n about_o eight_o mile_n from_o caesar_n camp_n which_o the_o belgae_n think_v to_o have_v surprise_v as_o they_o come_v along_o to_o meet_v with_o caesar_n and_o sudden_o assault_v it_o with_o such_o fury_n that_o the_o townsman_n can_v hardly_o hold_v out_o the_o first_o day_n the_o celtae_n and_o belgae_n use_v one_o and_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o assault_v a_o town_n for_o have_v beset_v the_o whole_a compass_n of_o the_o wall_n with_o rank_n of_o soldier_n they_o never_o cease_v fling_v of_o stone_n until_o they_o find_v the_o wall_n naked_a of_o defendantes_n and_o then_o cast_v themselves_o into_o a_o testudo_fw-la they_o approach_v to_o the_o gate_n and_o undermine_v the_o wall_n assoon_o as_o the_o night_n have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o the_o assault_n iccius_n of_o rheimes_n a_o man_n of_o great_a birth_n and_o authority_n in_o his_o country_n who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v governor_n of_o the_o town_n and_o have_v
graecorum_n militaria_fw-la praecepta_fw-la legere_fw-la caeperint_fw-la homines_fw-la praeposteri_fw-la nam_fw-la legere_fw-la quam_fw-la fieri_fw-la tempore_fw-la posterius_fw-la re_fw-mi &_o usu_fw-la prius_fw-la est_fw-la whereas_o say_v he_o reading_z aught_o to_o go_v before_o practice_v although_o it_o follow_v it_o in_o course_n of_o time_n for_o there_o be_v no_o read_n but_o of_o some_o thing_n practise_v before_o these_o preposterous_a man_n after_o they_o be_v make_v consul_n and_o place_v at_o the_o helm_n of_o government_n begin_v to_o read_v when_o they_o shall_v practice_v that_o which_o they_o have_v read_v and_o so_o bewray_v their_o insufficiency_n of_o knowledge_n by_o use_v out_o of_o time_n that_o which_o in_o time_n be_v most_o necessary_a this_o testimony_n give_v marius_n of_o read_v &_o book_n learning_n be_v himself_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o same_o for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o his_o knowledge_n come_v by_o mere_a experience_n but_o howsoever_o his_o judgement_n be_v good_a in_o this_o point_n for_o since_o that_o all_o motion_n and_o action_n proceed_v from_o the_o soul_n and_o can_v well_o be_v produce_v until_o the_o idea_n thereof_o be_v first_o imprint_v in_o the_o mind_n according_a to_o which_o pattern_n the_o outward_a be_v and_o sensible_a resemblance_n be_v due_o fashion_v how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o any_o action_n can_v be_v well_o express_v when_o the_o mind_n be_v not_o direct_v by_o knowledge_n to_o dispose_v it_o in_o that_o sort_n as_o shall_v best_o agree_v with_o the_o occurrentes_fw-la of_o such_o nature_n as_o be_v necessary_o interest_v both_o in_o the_o mean_n and_o in_o the_o end_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o speculative_a knowledge_n as_o the_o tramontane_n to_o direct_v the_o course_n of_o all_o practice_n be_v first_o to_o be_v respect_v but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v partial_a in_o this_o controversy_n but_o carry_v a_o equal_a hand_n between_o two_o so_o necessary_a yoakefellowe_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o conclude_v in_o a_o word_n the_o benefit_n of_o practice_n and_o define_v the_o good_a which_o come_v from_o experience_n that_o so_o nothing_o that_o have_v be_v speak_v may_v seem_v to_o come_v from_o affection_n or_o proceed_v from_o the_o forge_n of_o unjust_a partiality_n and_o first_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o practice_n give_v boldness_n and_o assurance_n in_o action_n and_o make_v man_n expert_a in_o such_o thing_n they_o take_v in_o hand_n for_o no_o man_n can_v rest_v upon_o such_o certainty_n through_o the_o theorike_n of_o knowledge_n as_o he_o that_o have_v see_v his_o learning_n verify_v by_o practice_n and_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o assure_a proof_n beside_o there_o be_v many_o other_o accomplement_n get_v only_o by_o practice_n which_o grace_n the_o presence_n of_o knowledge_n &_o give_v credit_n to_o that_o which_o we_o have_v read_v as_o first_o to_o learn_v the_o use_n and_o advantage_n of_o the_o arm_n which_o we_o bear_v second_o by_o frequent_a aspect_n and_o familiarity_n of_o danger_n and_o accident_n of_o terror_n to_o learn_v to_o fear_v nothing_o but_o dishonour_n to_o make_v no_o difference_n between_o heat_n and_o cold_a summer_n and_o winter_n to_o sleep_v in_o all_o place_n as_o on_o a_o bed_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o take_v pain_n and_o suffer_v penury_n with_o many_o other_o difficulty_n which_o custom_n make_v easy_a and_o can_v be_v get_v but_o by_o use_n and_o practice_v and_o thus_o at_o length_n i_o have_v bring_v a_o shallow_a discourse_n to_o a_o abrupt_a end_n wish_v with_o great_a zeal_n of_o affection_n than_o i_o be_o able_a with_o manifest_a proof_n of_o reason_n to_o demonstrate_v the_o necessity_n that_o both_o these_o part_n be_v by_o our_o soldier_n so_o regard_v that_o neither_o practice_n may_v march_v in_o obstinate_a blindness_n without_o learned_a knowledge_n nor_o this_o again_o be_v entertain_v with_o a_o idle_a apprehension_n without_o practice_n but_o that_o both_o of_o they_o may_v be_v respect_v as_o necessary_a part_n to_o make_v a_o complete_a nature_n wherein_o knowledge_n as_o the_o intellectual_a part_n give_v life_n and_o spirit_n to_o the_o action_n and_o practice_v as_o the_o material_a substance_n make_v it_o of_o a_o sensible_a be_v and_o like_o a_o skilful_a workman_n express_v the_o excellency_n which_o knowledge_n have_v fore_o conceive_v wish_v no_o man_n to_o despair_v of_o effect_v that_o by_o practice_v which_o the_o theorike_n of_o knowledge_n commend_v for_o cur_n desperes_fw-la nunc_fw-la posse_fw-la fieri_fw-la quod_fw-la iam_fw-la toties_fw-la factum_fw-la est_fw-la the_o sum_n of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o caesar_n commentary_n with_o observation_n upon_o the_o same_o discover_v the_o excellency_n of_o caesar_n militia_n the_o argument_n in_o this_o first_o book_n be_v contain_v the_o specialty_n of_o two_o great_a war_n begin_v and_o end_v both_o in_o a_o summer_n the_o first_o between_z caesar_z &_o the_o heluetij_fw-la suitcher_n the_o second_o between_o he_o and_o ariovistus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o german_n the_o history_n of_o the_o helvetian_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o three_o principal_a head_n under_o the_o first_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o move_v the_o helvetian_n to_o entertain_v so_o desperate_a a_o expedition_n and_o the_o preparation_n which_o they_o make_v for_o the_o same_o the_o second_o contain_v their_o defeat_n by_o cesar_n and_o the_o three_o their_o return_n into_o their_o country_n that_o of_o ariovistus_fw-la devide_v itself_o into_o two_o part_n the_o first_o give_v the_o cause_n that_o induce_v caesar_n to_o undertake_v that_o war_n the_o second_o intreat_v of_o the_o war_n itself_o and_o particular_o describe_v ariovistus_fw-la overthrow_n chap._n i._n gallia_n describe_v the_o helvetian_n dislike_v their_o native_a seat_n and_o propound_v to_o themselves_o large_a territory_n in_o the_o continent_n of_o gallia_n orgetorix_n feed_v this_o humour_n for_o his_o own_o advantage_n gallia_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n differ_v one_o from_o a_o other_o in_o manner_n caesar_n in_o language_n and_o in_o law_n the_o first_o part_n be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o belgae_n the_o second_o by_o the_o celtae_n who_o we_o call_v galli_n and_o the_o three_o by_o the_o aquitani_n belgia_n be_v the_o north-east_n part_n of_o gallia_n bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o river_n rhine_n and_o divide_v from_o the_o celtae_n sequena_n with_o the_o river_n marne_n and_o sene._n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o belgia_n be_v without_o comparison_n the_o stout_a and_o best_a man_n at_o arm_n among_o all_o the_o gall_n for_o beside_o that_o they_o be_v far_o remote_a from_o the_o civility_n of_o the_o roman_a province_n and_o unacquainted_a with_o traffic_n or_o intercourse_n of_o stranger_n they_o be_v in_o continual_a war_n with_o the_o german_n which_o make_v they_o hardy_a expert_a and_o valorous_a the_o celtae_n possess_v the_o great_a part_n of_o gallia_n and_o have_v the_o ocean_n seine_n garum_n and_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o rhine_n for_o their_o confine_n aquitania_n be_v limit_v with_o the_o river_n garume_n and_o the_o perinaean_a hill_n in_o each_o of_o these_o part_n be_v diverse_a state_n and_o common_a weal_n govern_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o the_o annual_a magistracy_n of_o their_o nobility_n burgundy_n but_o all_o divide_a into_o faction_n and_o part_n whereof_o the_o hedui_n and_o sequani_n be_v contrary_a chief_a and_o opposite_a ringleader_n the_o chief_a reason_n that_o move_v the_o helvetian_n to_o forsake_v their_o country_n be_v the_o good_a opinion_n they_o have_v of_o their_o own_o virtue_n and_o magnanimity_n and_o the_o small_a capacity_n and_o circuit_n of_o their_o territory_n for_o helvetia_n be_v bound_v with_o the_o famous_a river_n rhine_n and_o rhone_n ioux_fw-fr and_o with_o the_o lake_n lemanus_n and_o the_o high_a hang_a rock_n of_o the_o hill_n jura_n extend_v itself_o within_o these_o bound_n but_o 240_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o 180_o in_o breadth_n seem_v too_o narrow_a a_o room_n to_o contain_v so_o warlike_a a_o people_n that_o long_o before_o have_v overflow_v the_o march_n of_o their_o country_n with_o the_o conceit_n they_o have_v of_o their_o own_o valour_n and_o that_o it_o hear_v that_o nature_n shall_v oppose_v itself_o by_o river_n and_o mountain_n against_o the_o prowess_n which_o no_o enemy_n can_v ever_o resist_v and_o therefore_o they_o resolve_v to_o for_o sake_n their_o country_n which_o first_o give_v they_o breath_n and_o be_v rather_o than_o it_o shall_v hinder_v a_o correspondent_a proceed_n to_o their_o warlike_a nature_n these_o coal_n of_o ambition_n be_v first_o kindle_v and_o daily_o blow_v by_o the_o earnest_a persuasion_n and_o impulsion_n of_o orgetorix_n the_o chief_a man_n of_o authority_n among_o the_o helvetian_n both_o for_o his_o wealth_n and_o nobility_n who_o not_o content_v to_o be_v great_a in_o that_o manner_n he_o be_v but_o affect_v the_o greatness_n of_o princely_a dignity_n think_v no_o mean_n fit_a to_o
many_o strong_a and_o nimble_a footman_n who_o the_o horseman_n have_v select_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a host_n every_o man_n one_o for_o his_o safeguard_n these_o they_o have_v always_o at_o hand_n with_o they_o in_o battle_n and_o unto_o these_o they_o resort_v for_o succour_n if_o the_o horseman_n be_v overcharge_v these_o ever_o step_v into_o help_v they_o if_o any_o one_o be_v wound_v and_o unhorse_v they_o stand_v about_o he_o and_o succour_v he_o if_o the_o matter_n require_v either_o to_o adventure_v forward_o or_o to_o retire_v speedy_o back_o again_o their_o swiftness_n be_v such_o through_o continual_a exercise_n that_o hang_v on_o the_o horse_n main_a by_o the_o one_o hand_n they_o will_v run_v as_o fast_o as_o the_o horse_n the_o observation_n it_o may_v seem_v strange_a unto_o the_o soldier_n of_o our_o time_n that_o the_o footman_n shall_v be_v mingle_v pell_o mell_o among_o the_o horseman_n horseman_n without_o hurt_n and_o disadvantage_n to_o themselves_o so_o unlikely_a it_o be_v that_o they_o shall_v either_o succour_v the_o horseman_n in_o any_o danger_n or_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o some_o have_v imagine_v that_o these_o footman_n in_o the_o encounter_n cast_v themselves_o into_o one_o body_n and_o so_o charge_v the_o enemy_n assist_v the_o horseman_n but_o the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o place_n and_o of_o other_o which_o i_o will_v allege_v to_o this_o purpose_n plain_o evince_v that_o these_o footman_n be_v mingle_v indifferent_o among_o the_o horseman_n to_o assist_v every_o particular_a man_n as_o his_o fortune_n and_o occasion_n require_v and_o therefore_o the_o choice_n of_o these_o footman_n be_v permit_v to_o the_o horseman_n in_o who_o service_n they_o be_v to_o be_v employ_v that_o every_o man_n may_v take_v his_o friend_n in_o who_o he_o repose_v great_a confidence_n when_o they_o be_v overcharge_v these_o step_v in_o to_o help_v they_o if_o any_o man_n be_v wound_v or_o unhorse_v he_o have_v his_o footman_n ready_a to_o assist_v he_o and_o when_o they_o be_v to_o go_v upon_o any_o speedy_a service_n or_o sudden_o to_o retire_v upon_o advantage_n they_o stay_v themselves_o upon_o the_o main_a of_o the_o horse_n with_o one_o hand_n and_o so_o run_v as_o fast_o as_o the_o horseman_n can_v go_v which_o service_n they_o can_v not_o possible_o have_v perform_v without_o confusion_n and_o disorder_n if_o the_o footman_n have_v not_o several_o attend_v upon_o they_o according_a to_o the_o affection_n specify_v in_o their_o particular_a election_n the_o principal_a use_n of_o these_o footman_n of_o the_o german_n consist_v in_o the_o aid_n of_o their_o own_o horseman_n upon_o any_o necessity_n not_o so_o much_o regard_v their_o service_n upon_o the_o enemy_n as_o the_o assistance_n of_o their_o horseman_n but_o the_o roman_n have_v long_a before_o practise_v the_o same_o art_n to_o a_o more_o effectual_a purpose_n namely_o as_o a_o principal_a remedy_n not_o only_o to_o resist_v but_o to_o defeat_v far_o great_a troop_n of_o horse_n than_o the_o enemy_n be_v able_a to_o oppose_v against_o they_o whereof_o the_o most_o ancient_a memory_n which_o history_n mention_v be_v record_v by_o livy_n in_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o capua_n under_o the_o regiment_n of_o quintus_n fuluius_n the_o consul_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o in_o all_o their_o conflict_n as_o the_o roman_a legion_n return_v with_o the_o better_a so_o their_o cavalry_n be_v always_o put_v to_o the_o worst_a &_o therefore_o they_o invent_v this_o mean_n to_o make_v that_o good_a by_o art_n which_o be_v want_v in_o force_n out_o of_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v take_v the_o choice_a young_a man_n both_o for_o strength_n &_o agility_n and_o to_o they_o be_v give_v little_a round_a buckler_n and_o seven_o dart_n apiece_o in_o steed_n of_o their_o other_o weapon_n these_o soldier_n practise_v to_o ride_v behind_o the_o horseman_n and_o speedy_o to_o light_v from_o the_o horse_n at_o a_o watchword_n give_v &_o so_o to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n on_o foot_n and_o when_o by_o exercise_n they_o be_v make_v so_o expert_a that_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o invention_n no_o whit_n affright_v they_o the_o roman_a horseman_n go_v forth_o to_o encounter_v with_o the_o enemy_n every_o man_n carry_v his_o foot_n soldior_fw-la behind_o he_o who_o at_o the_o encounter_n sudden_o alightning_n charge_v upon_o the_o enemy_n with_o such_o a_o fury_n that_o they_o follow_v they_o in_o slaughter_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o capua_n and_o hence_o say_v livy_n grow_v the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o velite_n which_o ever_o after_o that_o time_n be_v enrol_v with_o the_o legion_n the_o author_n of_o this_o strategem_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v one_o q._n navius_n a_o centurion_n &_o be_v honourable_o reward_v by_o fuluius_n the_o consul_n for_o the_o same_o sallust_n in_o the_o history_n of_o jugurth_n say_v that_o marius_n mingle_v the_o velite_n with_o the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o associate_n ut_fw-la quacunque_fw-la invaderent_fw-la equitatus_fw-la hostium_fw-la propulsarent_fw-la the_o like_a practice_n be_v use_v by_o caesar_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o third_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n save_v that_o instead_o of_o the_o velite_n he_o mingle_v with_o his_o horseman_n 400._o of_o the_o lusty_a of_o his_o legionarie_a soldier_n to_o resist_v the_o cavalry_n of_o pompey_n while_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o army_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n genusum_n after_o the_o overthrow_n he_o have_v at_o dirrachium_n qui_fw-la tantum_fw-la profecere_fw-la say_v the_o text_n ut_fw-la equestri_fw-la praelio_fw-la commisso_fw-la pellerent_fw-la omnes_fw-la complures_fw-la interficerent_fw-la ipsique_fw-la incolumes_fw-la ad_fw-la agmen_fw-la se_fw-la reciperent_fw-la many_o other_o place_n may_v be_v recite_v but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o great_a captain_n of_o ancient_a time_n strengthen_v their_o cavalry_n with_o footman_n disperse_v among_o they_o 6._o the_o roman_a horseman_n say_v polybius_n at_o the_o first_o carry_v but_o a_o weak_a limber_a pole_n or_o staff_n and_o a_o little_a round_a buckler_n excid_n but_o afterward_o they_o use_v the_o furniture_n of_o the_o grecian_n which_o josephus_n affirm_v to_o be_v a_o strong_a lance_n or_o staff_n and_o three_o or_o four_o dart_n in_o a_o quiver_n with_o a_o buckler_n and_o a_o long_a sword_n by_o their_o right_a side_n the_o use_n of_o their_o lance_n be_v most_o effectual_a when_o they_o charge_v in_o troop_n pouldron_n to_o pouldron_n and_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n afford_v no_o mean_n to_o intermingle_v footman_n but_o when_o they_o use_v their_o dart_n every_o man_n get_v what_o advantage_n of_o ground_n he_o can_v as_o our_o carbins_n for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v and_o so_o the_o footman_n may_v have_v place_n among_o they_o or_o otherwise_o for_o so_o good_a a_o advantage_n they_o will_v easy_o make_v place_n for_o the_o footman_n to_o serve_v among_o they_o but_o howsoever_o it_o be_v it_o appear_v by_o this_o circumstance_n how_o little_a the_o roman_n fear_v troop_n of_o horse_n consider_v that_o the_o best_a mean_n to_o defeat_v their_o horse_n be_v by_o their_o foot_n company_n but_o to_o make_v it_o more_o plain_a of_o many_o example_n i_o will_v only_o allege_v two_o the_o one_o out_o of_o livy_n 3._o to_o prove_v that_o the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v not_o comparable_a for_o service_n to_o footman_n africano_n the_o other_o out_o of_o hirtius_n to_o show_v the_o same_o effect_n against_o stranger_n and_o numidian_a horseman_n in_o the_o consulship_n of_o l._n valerius_n and_o marcus_n horatius_n valerius_n have_v fortunatelie_o overthrow_v the_o equi_fw-la and_o the_o volsci_n horatius_n proceed_v with_o as_o great_a courage_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o sabine_n wherein_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o battle_n the_o sabine_n reserve_v 2000_o of_o their_o man_n to_o give_v a_o fresh_a assault_n upon_o the_o left_a cornet_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o they_o be_v in_o conflict_n which_o take_v such_o effect_n that_o the_o legionarie_a footman_n of_o that_o cornet_n be_v force_v to_o retreit_v which_o the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v in_o number_n 600._o perceive_v and_o not_o be_v able_a with_o their_o horse_n to_o make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n they_o present_o forsake_v their_o horse_n and_o make_v haste_n to_o make_v good_a the_o place_n on_o foot_n wherein_o they_o carry_v themselves_o so_o valiant_o that_o in_o a_o moment_n of_o time_n they_o give_v the_o like_a advantage_n to_o their_o footman_n against_o the_o sabine_n and_o they_o betake_v themselves_o again_o to_o their_o horse_n to_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n in_o chase_n as_o they_o flee_v for_o the_o second_o point_n the_o numidian_n as_o caesar_n witness_v be_v the_o best_a horseman_n that_o ever_o he_o meet_v with_o and_o use_v the_o same_o art_n as_o the_o german_n do_v mingle_v among_o they_o light_a arm_a footman_n a_o
josephus_n compare_v it_o to_o a_o church_n in_o this_o praetorium_n be_v their_o tribunal_n or_o chair_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o the_o place_n of_o divination_n which_o they_o call_v augurale_fw-la with_o other_o appendix_n of_o majesty_n and_o authority_n between_o the_o tent_n of_o the_o first_o maniple_n in_o every_o legion_n and_o the_o praetorium_n there_o go_v a_o way_n of_o 100_o foot_n in_o breadth_n throughout_o the_o whole_a camp_n which_o be_v call_v principia_fw-la principia_fw-la in_o this_o place_n the_o tribune_n sit_v to_o hear_v matter_n of_o justice_n the_o soldier_n exercise_v themselves_o at_o their_o weapon_n and_o the_o leader_n and_o chief_a commander_n frequent_v it_o as_o a_o public_a place_n of_o meeting_n and_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o a_o reverend_a and_o sacred_a place_n and_o so_o keep_v with_o a_o correspondent_a decency_n on_o either_o side_n the_o emperor_n pavilion_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n to_o make_v even_o &_o straight_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o principia_fw-la tribune_n the_o tribune_n have_v their_o tent_n pitch_v every_o tribune_n confront_v the_o head_n of_o the_o legion_n whereof_o he_o be_v tribune_n above_o they_o towards_o the_o head_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v the_o legate_n and_o treasurer_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v strengthen_v with_o some_o select_a cohort_n and_o troop_n of_o horse_n according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o legion_n that_o be_v in_o the_o army_n polybius_n describe_v the_o manner_n of_o encamp_v which_o the_o roman_n use_v in_o his_o time_n when_o as_o they_o have_v common_o but_o two_o legion_n in_o their_o army_n with_o as_o many_o associate_n place_v the_o ablecti_fw-la and_o extraordinarij_fw-la which_o be_v select_a band_n and_o company_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o the_o associate_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o legion_n the_o ditch_n and_o the_o rampire_n that_o compass_v the_o whole_a camp_n about_o be_v 200_o foot_n distant_a from_o any_o tent_n rampire_n where_o of_o polybius_n give_v these_o reason_n first_o that_o the_o soldier_n march_v into_o the_o camp_n in_o battle_n array_n may_v there_o dissolve_v themselves_o into_o maniple_n century_n and_o decury_n without_o tumult_n or_o confusion_n for_o order_n be_v the_o thing_n which_o they_o principal_o respect_v as_o the_o life_n and_o strength_n of_o their_o martial_a body_n and_o again_o if_o occasion_n be_v offer_v to_o sally_v out_o upon_o a_o enemy_n they_o may_v very_o convenient_o in_o that_o spacious_a room_n put_v themselves_o into_o company_n and_o troop_n and_o if_o they_o be_v assault_v in_o the_o night_n the_o dart_n and_o fire_n work_n which_o the_o enemy_n shall_v cast_v into_o their_o camp_n will_v little_o endamage_v they_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o rampire_n and_o the_o tent_n their_o tent_n be_v all_o of_o skin_n and_o hide_n hold_v up_o with_o prop_n and_o fasten_v with_o rope_n there_o be_v 11_o soldier_n as_o vegetius_n say_v in_o every_o tent_n and_o that_o society_n be_v call_v contubernium_fw-la contubernium_fw-la of_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v name_v decanus_n or_o caput_fw-la contubernij_fw-la the_o ditch_n and_o the_o rampire_n be_v make_v by_o the_o legion_n rampire_n every_o maniple_n have_v his_o part_n measure_v out_o and_o every_o centurion_n overseeing_a his_o centurie_n the_o approbation_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n belong_v to_o the_o tribune_n their_o manner_n of_o entrench_v be_v this_o the_o soldier_n be_v gird_v with_o their_o sword_n and_o dagger_n dig_v the_o ditch_n about_o the_o camp_n which_o be_v always_o 8_o foot_n in_o breadth_n at_o the_o least_o and_o as_o much_o in_o depth_n cast_v the_o earth_n thereof_o inward_a but_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v not_o far_o off_o the_o ditch_n be_v always_o 11._o or_o 15._o or_o 18._o foot_n in_o latitude_n &_o altitude_n according_a to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o general_n but_o what_o scantling_n soveer_v be_v keep_v the_o ditch_n be_v make_v directis_fw-la lateribus_fw-la that_o be_v as_o broad_a in_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top_n the_o rampire_n from_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o ditch_n be_v three_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o sometime_o four_o make_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o wall_n with_o green_a turf_n cut_v all_o to_o one_o measure_n half_o a_o foot_n in_o thickness_n a_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n but_o if_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v encamp_v will_v afford_v no_o such_o turf_n they_o then_o strengthen_v the_o loose_a earth_n which_o be_v cast_v out_o of_o the_o ditch_n with_o bough_n and_o faggot_n that_o it_o may_v be_v strong_a and_o well_o fasten_v the_o rampire_n they_o proper_o call_v agger_fw-la agger_fw-la the_o outside_n whereof_o which_o hang_v over_o the_o ditch_n they_o use_v to_o stick_v with_o thick_a and_o sharp_a stake_n fasten_v deep_a in_o the_o mound_n that_o they_o may_v be_v firm_a and_o these_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v fork_a stake_n which_o make_v the_o rampire_n very_o strong_a and_o not_o to_o be_v assault_v but_o with_o great_a difficulty_n varro_n say_v vallum_n that_o the_o front_n of_o the_o rampire_n thus_o stick_v with_o stake_n be_v call_v vallum_fw-la a_o varicando_fw-la for_o that_o no_o man_n can_v stride_v or_o get_v over_o it_o the_o camp_n have_v four_o gate_n porta_fw-la the_o first_o be_v call_v praetoria_fw-la porta_fw-la which_o be_v always_o behind_o the_o emperor_n tent_n and_o this_o gate_n do_v usual_o look_v either_o towards_o the_o east_n or_o to_o the_o enemy_n or_o that_o way_n that_o the_o army_n be_v to_o march_v the_o gate_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o camp_n opposite_a to_o this_o decumana_fw-la be_v call_v porta_n decumana_fw-la a_o decimis_fw-la cohortibus_fw-la for_o the_o ten_o or_o last_o cohort_n of_o every_o legion_n be_v lodge_v to_o confront_v this_o gate_n by_o this_o gate_n the_o soldier_n go_v out_o to_o fetch_v their_o wood_n their_o water_n and_o their_o forage_n and_o this_o way_n their_o offender_n be_v carry_v to_o execution_n dextra_fw-la the_o other_o two_o gate_n be_v call_v portae_n principales_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o they_o stand_v opposite_a to_o either_o end_n of_o that_o so_o much_o respect_v place_n which_o they_o call_v principia_fw-la only_o distinguish_v by_o these_o title_n laeva_fw-la principalis_fw-la and_o dextra_fw-la all_o these_o gate_n be_v shut_v with_o door_n and_o in_o stand_v camp_n fortify_v with_o turret_n upon_o which_o be_v plant_v engine_n of_o defence_n as_o balistae_fw-la catapultae_n tolenones_n and_o such_o like_a porta_n proetoria_n the_o roman_a camp_n the_o use_n and_o commodity_n of_o this_o encamp_a encamp_a i_o brief_o touch_v in_o my_o first_o book_n but_o if_o i_o be_v worthy_a any_o way_n to_o commend_v the_o excellency_n thereof_o to_o our_o modern_a soldier_n or_o able_a by_o persuasion_n to_o restablish_v the_o use_n of_o encamp_v in_o our_o war_n i_o will_v spare_v no_o pain_n to_o achieve_v so_o great_a a_o good_a and_o vaunt_v more_o in_o the_o conquest_n of_o negligence_n then_o if_o my_o sense_n have_v compass_v a_o new_a find_v out_o mean_n and_o yet_o reason_n will_v deem_v it_o a_o matter_n of_o small_a difficulty_n to_o gain_v a_o point_n of_o such_o worth_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o man_n especial_o when_o my_o discourse_n shall_v present_v security_n to_o our_o force_n and_o honour_n to_o our_o leader_n majesty_n to_o our_o army_n and_o terror_n to_o our_o enemies_n wonderment_n to_o stranger_n and_o victory_n to_o our_o nation_n but_o sloth_n have_v such_o interest_n in_o this_o age_n that_o it_o commend_v vain_a glory_n and_o foolhardiness_n contempt_n of_o virtue_n and_o derision_n of_o good_a discipline_n to_o repugn_v the_o design_n of_o honour_n and_o so_o far_o to_o overmaister_n reason_n that_o it_o suffer_v not_o former_a harm_n to_o bear_v witness_n against_o error_n nor_o correct_v the_o ill_a achievement_n of_o ill_a direction_n and_o therefore_o cease_v to_o urge_v this_o point_n any_o further_a i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o careful_a respect_n of_o the_o wise_a the_o second_o observation_n the_o fury_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o their_o sudden_a assault_n so_o disturb_v the_o ceremony_n which_o the_o roman_a discipline_n observe_v battle_n to_o make_v the_o soldier_n true_o apprehend_v the_o weight_n and_o importance_n of_o that_o action_n which_o may_v cast_v upon_o their_o state_n either_o sovereignty_n or_o bondage_n that_o they_o be_v all_o for_o the_o most_o part_n omit_v notwithstanding_o they_o be_v here_o note_v under_o these_o title_n the_o first_o be_v vexillum_fw-la proponendum_fw-la quod_fw-la erat_fw-la insigne_fw-la cum_fw-la ad_fw-la arma_fw-la concurri_fw-la oporteret_fw-la for_o when_o the_o general_n have_v determine_v to_o fight_v he_o cause_v a_o scarlet_a coat_n or_o red_a flag_n to_o be_v hang_v out_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o his_o tent_n that_o by_o it_o
and_o as_o zonaras_n in_o his_o second_o tome_n say_v be_v never_o give_v but_o upon_o some_o great_a exploit_n and_o after_o a_o just_a victory_n obtain_v and_o then_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o battle_n be_v fight_v and_o the_o enemy_n overthrow_v the_o general_n be_v salute_v by_o the_o name_n of_o imperator_n with_o the_o triumphant_a shout_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n by_o which_o acclamation_n the_o soldier_n give_v testimony_n of_o his_o worth_n and_o make_v it_o equivalent_a with_o the_o most_o fortunate_a commander_n this_o ceremony_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n in_o the_o roman_a empire_n as_o appear_v by_o many_o history_n annal._n and_o namely_o by_o tacitus_n where_o he_o say_v that_o tiberius_n give_v that_o honour_n to_o blesus_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v salute_v imperator_fw-la by_o the_o legion_n which_o he_o show_v to_o be_v a_o ancient_a dignity_n belong_v to_o great_a captain_n after_o they_o have_v foil_v the_o enemy_n with_o a_o eminent_a overthrow_n for_o every_o victory_n be_v not_o sufficient_a whereby_o they_o may_v challenge_v so_o great_a a_o honour_n but_o there_o be_v require_v as_o it_o seem_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o be_v slay_v apian_a in_o his_o second_o book_n say_v that_o in_o old_a time_n the_o name_n of_o imperator_n be_v never_o take_v but_o upon_o great_a and_o admirable_a exploit_n but_o in_o his_o time_n 10000_o of_o the_o enemy_n be_v slay_v in_o one_o battle_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o that_o honour_n cicero_n say_v that_o 2000_o slay_v in_o the_o place_n especial_o of_o thracian_n 14._o spaniard_n or_o gall_n do_v worthy_o merit_v the_o name_n of_o imperator_n howsoever_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o same_o author_n that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n require_v to_o be_v slay_v 9_o where_o he_o say_v se_fw-la insta_fw-la victoria_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la appellatum_fw-la chap._n xi_o the_o britain_n make_v peace_n with_o caesar_n but_o break_v it_o again_o upon_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o roman_a ship_v the_o britain_n be_v overthrow_v in_o this_o battle_n caesar_n assoon_o as_o they_o have_v recover_v their_o safety_n by_o flight_n they_o present_o dispatch_v messenger_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v for_o peace_n promise_v hostage_n and_o obedience_n in_o whatsoever_o he_o command_v and_o with_o these_o ambassador_n return_v comius_n of_o arras_n who_o caesar_n have_v send_v before_o into_o brittany_n caesar_n complain_v that_o whereas_o they_o send_v unto_o he_o into_o gallia_n to_o desire_v peace_n notwithstanding_o at_o his_o come_n they_o make_v war_n against_o he_o without_o any_o cause_n or_o reason_n at_o all_o but_o excuse_v it_o by_o their_o ignorance_n he_o command_v hostage_n to_o be_v deliver_v unto_o he_o which_o they_o present_o perform_v in_o part_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o be_v fetch_v further_o off_o shall_v likewise_o be_v render_v within_o a_o short_a time_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n they_o command_v their_o people_n to_o return_v to_o their_o possession_n and_o their_o ruler_n and_o prince_n come_v out_o of_o all_o quarter_n to_o commend_v themselves_o and_o their_o state_n to_o caesar_n the_o peace_n be_v thus_o conclude_v four_o day_n after_o that_o caesar_n come_v into_o brittany_n the_o eighteen_o ship_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o the_o horseman_n put_v out_o to_o sea_n with_o a_o gentle_a wind_n and_o approach_v so_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o brittany_n that_o they_o be_v within_o view_v of_o the_o roman_a camp_n there_o arise_v such_o a_o sudden_a tempest_n that_o none_o of_o they_o be_v able_a to_o hold_v their_o course_n but_o some_o of_o they_o return_v to_o the_o port_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v othersome_a be_v cast_v upon_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o island_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n ward_n and_o there_o cast_v anchor_n take_v in_o such_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o commit_v themselves_o again_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o direct_v their_o course_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o gallia_n the_o same_o night_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o full_a the_o tide_n be_v very_o high_a in_o those_o sea_n whereof_o the_o roman_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a both_o the_o galley_n which_o be_v draw_v up_o upon_o the_o shore_n be_v fill_v with_o the_o tide_n and_o the_o ship_n of_o burden_n that_o lie_v at_o anchor_n be_v shake_v with_o the_o tempest_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o help_n to_o be_v give_v unto_o they_o so_o that_o many_o of_o they_o be_v rend_v and_o split_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o rest_n lose_v both_o their_o anchor_n gable_n and_o other_o tackle_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n become_v altogether_o unseruiceable_a whereat_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v exceed_o trouble_v for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o ship_v to_o recarrie_v they_o bcke_v again_o neither_o have_v they_o any_o necessary_n to_o new_a furnish_v the_o old_a and_o every_o man_n know_v that_o they_o must_v needs_o winter_n in_o gallia_n for_o as_o much_o as_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n of_o corn_n in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o be_v which_o thing_n be_v know_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o brittany_n that_o be_v assemble_v to_o confer_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o caesar_n have_v command_v they_o to_o perform_v when_o they_o understand_v that_o the_o roman_n want_v both_o their_o horseman_n ship_v and_o provision_n of_o corn_n and_o conjecture_v of_o the_o paucity_n of_o their_o force_n by_o the_o small_a circuit_n of_o their_o camp_n and_o that_o which_o be_v more_o important_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o caesar_n have_v transport_v his_o soldier_n without_o such_o necessary_a carriage_n as_o they_o use_v to_o take_v with_o they_o they_o think_v it_o their_o best_a course_n to_o rebel_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o roman_n from_o corn_n and_o convoy_n of_o provision_n and_o so_o prolong_v the_o matter_n until_o winter_n come_v on_o for_o they_o think_v that_o if_o these_o be_v once_o overthrow_v and_o cut_v off_o from_o return_v into_o gallia_n never_o any_o man_n will_v afterward_o adventure_v to_o bring_v a_o army_n into_o brittany_n therefore_o they_o conspire_v again_o the_o second_o time_n and_o convey_v themselves_o by_o stealth_n out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o get_v their_o man_n privy_o out_o of_o the_o field_n to_o make_v head_n in_o some_o convenient_a place_n against_o the_o roman_n the_o first_o observation_n concern_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o it_o have_v already_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o second_o book_n to_o which_o i_o will_v add_v this_o much_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o show_v how_o the_o roman_n become_v so_o ignorant_a of_o the_o spring_n tide_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o full_a and_o new_a of_o the_o moon_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o motion_n of_o this_o watery_a element_n be_v altogether_o direct_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o she_o exercise_v her_o regency_n according_a as_o she_o find_v the_o matter_n qualify_v for_o her_o influence_n and_o for_o asmuch_o as_o all_o mediterrean_a sea_n and_o such_o gulf_n as_o be_v enclose_v in_o sinew_n and_o bosom_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v both_o abridge_v of_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o course_n and_o through_o the_o smallness_n of_o their_o quantity_n be_v not_o so_o capable_a of_o celestial_a power_n as_o the_o ocean_n itself_o it_o consequent_o follow_v that_o the_o tuskane_n sea_n wherewith_o the_o roman_n be_v chief_o acquaint_v be_v not_o so_o answerable_a in_o effect_n to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o main_a sea_n who_o bound_n be_v range_v in_o a_o more_o spacious_a circuit_n and_o through_o the_o plenteous_a abundance_n of_o his_o part_n better_a answer_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o ocean_n therefore_o be_v thus_o obedient_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n take_v her_o course_n of_o flow_v from_o the_o north_n fall_v with_o such_o a_o currant_n between_o the_o orcades_n and_o the_o main_a of_o noruegia_n that_o she_o fill_v our_o channel_n between_o england_n and_o france_n with_o great_a swell_a tide_n and_o make_v her_o motion_n more_o eminent_a in_o these_o quarter_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o hence_o it_o happen_v that_o our_o river_n of_o thames_n lie_v with_o her_o mouth_n so_o ready_a to_o receive_v the_o tide_n as_o it_o come_v and_o have_v withal_o a_o plain_a level_v belly_n and_o a_o very_a small_a fresh_a currant_n take_v the_o tide_n as_o far_o into_o the_o land_n as_o any_o other_o know_v river_n of_o europe_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o roman_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o spring_n tide_n in_o the_o full_a of_o the_o moon_n the_o second_o observation_n such_o as_o either_o by_o their_o own_o experience_n or_o otherwise_o by_o observation_n of_o that_o which_o history_n record_v be_v acquaint_v with_o
attain_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o civil_a government_n so_o we_o find_v that_o first_o assyrian_n and_o babylonians_n as_o near_a to_o the_o mountain_n of_o armenia_n where_o the_o ark_n rest_v and_o people_n first_o inhabit_v reduce_v their_o state_n into_o common_a weal_n of_o monarchy_n of_o exquisite_a government_n flourish_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o learning_n and_o knowledge_n when_o as_o yet_o other_o country_n lay_v either_o waste_n or_o overwhelm_v with_o barbarism_n from_o thence_o it_o flow_v into_o egypt_n out_o of_o egypt_n into_o greece_n out_o of_o greece_n into_o italy_n out_o of_o italy_n into_o gallia_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o england_n where_o our_o kentishman_n first_o entertain_v it_o as_o border_v upon_o france_n and_o frequent_v with_o merchant_n of_o those_o country_n chap._n v._n diverse_a skirmish_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o britain_n the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o their_o chariot_n caesar_n gale_n a_o sharp_a conflict_n to_o the_o roman_a horseman_n in_o their_o march_n but_o so_o that_o the_o roman_n get_v the_o better_a every_o way_n drive_v they_o with_o great_a slaughter_n to_o the_o wood_n and_o hill_n and_o lose_v also_o some_o of_o their_o own_o man_n be_v too_o venturous_a in_o the_o pursuit_n the_o britain_n be_v after_o some_o intermission_n of_o time_n when_o the_o roman_n little_a thought_n of_o they_o &_o be_v busy_v in_o fortify_v their_o camp_n come_v sudden_o out_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o charge_v upon_o those_o that_o keep_v station_n before_o the_o camp_n caesar_n send_v out_o two_o the_o thick_a cohort_n of_o two_o legion_n to_o second_v their_o fellow_n these_o two_o cohorte_n stand_v with_o a_o small_a alley_n between_o they_o the_o other_o that_o be_v first_o charge_v be_v terrify_v with_o that_o strange_a kind_n of_o fight_n bold_o break_v through_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o enemy_n and_o so_o retire_v in_o safety_n to_o their_o fellow_n that_o day_n quintus_fw-la laberius_n 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close_o together_o but_o thin_a and_o in_o great_a distance_n have_v station_n of_o man_n to_o succour_v one_o another_o to_o receive_v the_o weary_a and_o to_o send_v out_o fresh_a supply_n observation_n upon_o this_o occasion_n of_o their_o heavy_a armour_n i_o will_v describe_v a_o legionarie_n soldior_fw-la in_o his_o complete_a furniture_n that_o we_o may_v better_o judge_v of_o their_o manner_n of_o warfare_n and_o understand_v wherein_o their_o great_a strength_n consist_v and_o first_o we_o be_v to_o learn_v that_o their_o legionarie_a soldier_n be_v call_v milites_fw-la gravis_fw-la armaturae_fw-la soldier_n wear_v heavy_a armour_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o velite_n the_o archer_n slinger_n and_o other_o light_a arm_a man_n their_o offensive_a arm_n be_v a_o couple_n of_o pile_n or_o as_o some_o will_n but_o one_o pile_n and_o a_o spanish_a sword_n short_a and_o strong_a to_o strike_v rather_o with_o the_o point_n then_o with_o the_o edge_n their_o defensive_a 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time_n which_o as_o i_o have_v note_v before_o be_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o target_n which_o they_o carry_v on_o their_o left_a arm_n this_o sword_n be_v hang_v with_o a_o belt_n of_o leather_n beset_v with_o stud_n as_o varro_n note_v and_o these_o be_v their_o offensive_a weapon_n 4._o their_o helmet_n be_v of_o brass_n 10._o adorn_v with_o three_o ostrich_n feather_n of_o a_o cubite_fw-la in_o length_n by_o which_o the_o soldier_n appear_v of_o a_o large_a stature_n and_o more_o terrible_a to_o the_o enemy_n as_o polybius_n say_v in_o his_o 6._o book_n their_o breast_n plate_n be_v either_o of_o brass_n or_o iron_n joint_v together_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o scale_n or_o plait_v with_o little_a ring_n of_o iron_n their_o boot_n be_v make_v of_o bar_n of_o brass_n from_o the_o foot_n up_o to_o the_o knee_n and_o thus_o be_v the_o legionarie_a soldier_n arm_v to_o stand_v firm_a rather_o then_o to_o use_v any_o nimble_a motion_n and_o to_o combine_v themselves_o into_o a_o body_n of_o that_o strength_n which_o may_v not_o easy_o recoil_v at_o the_o opposition_n of_o any_o confrontment_n for_o agility_n stand_v indifferent_a to_o help_v either_o a_o retreit_n or_o a_o pursuit_n and_o nimble_a footed_a soldier_n be_v as_o ready_a to_o fly_v back_o as_o to_o march_v forward_o but_o a_o weighty_a body_n keep_v a_o more_o regular_a motion_n and_o be_v not_o hinder_v with_o a_o common_a counterbuff_n so_o that_o whensoever_o they_o come_v to_o firm_a buckel_a and_o feel_v the_o enemy_n stand_v stiff_a before_o they_o such_o be_v their_o practice_n and_o exercise_v in_o continual_a work_n that_o they_o never_o faint_v under_o any_o such_o task_n but_o the_o victory_n go_v always_o clear_a on_o their_o side_n but_o if_o the_o enemy_n give_v way_n to_o their_o violence_n and_o come_v not_o in_o but_o for_o advantage_n and_o then_o as_o speedy_o retire_v before_o the_o counterbuff_n be_v well_o discharge_v then_o do_v their_o nimbleness_n much_o help_v their_o weakness_n and_o frustrate_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n this_o be_v also_o prove_v in_o the_o overthrow_n of_o sabinus_n and_o cotta_n where_o ambiorix_n find_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o buckel_a at_o handy_a blow_n command_v his_o man_n to_o fight_v a_o far_o off_o and_o if_o they_o be_v assault_v to_o give_v back_o and_o to_o come_v on_o again_o as_o they_o see_v occasion_n which_o so_o weary_v out_o the_o roman_n that_o they_o all_o fall_v under_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o gall_n let_v this_o suffice_v therefore_o to_o show_v how_o unapt_a the_o roman_n be_v to_o fly_v upon_o any_o occasion_n when_o their_o armour_n be_v such_o that_o it_o keep_v they_o from_o all_o start_a motion_n and_o make_v they_o suitable_a to_o the_o stay_a and_o well_o assure_a rule_n of_o their_o discipline_n which_o be_v as_o certain_a principle_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o a_o stand_a battle_n and_o therefore_o not_o so_o fit_a either_o for_o a_o pursuit_n or_o a_o flight_n concern_v the_o unequal_a combat_n between_o a_o horseman_n and_o a_o footman_n it_o may_v be_v think_v strange_a that_o a_o footman_n shall_v have_v such_o a_o advantage_n against_o a_o horseman_n be_v overmatch_v at_o least_o with_o a_o sextuple_a proportion_n both_o of_o strength_n and_o agility_n but_o we_o must_v understande_v that_o as_o the_o horse_n be_v much_o swift_a in_o a_o long_a career_n so_o in_o speedy_a and_o nimble_a turn_n at_o hand_n wherein_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o combat_n consist_v the_o footman_n far_o exceed_v the_o horseman_n in_o advantage_n have_v a_o large_a mark_n to_o hit_v by_o the_o horse_n than_o the_o other_o have_v beside_o the_o horseman_n engage_v both_o his_o valour_n and_o his_o fortune_n in_o the_o good_a speed_n of_o his_o horse_n his_o wound_n and_o his_o death_n do_v consequent_o pull_v the_o rider_n after_o his_o fear_n or_o fury_n make_v his_o master_n
and_o therefore_o let_v they_o suppose_v that_o all_o thing_n consist_v in_o the_o victory_n the_o roman_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o gall_n both_o in_o number_n of_o man_n and_o valour_n and_o albeit_o they_o be_v destitute_a of_o good_a captain_n and_o of_o good_a fortune_n yet_o they_o repose_v in_o their_o manhood_n all_o the_o hope_n of_o their_o safety_n and_o as_o often_o as_o any_o cohort_n issue_v out_o they_o fail_v not_o to_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o enemy_n on_o that_o part_n the_o first_o observation_n i_o have_v already_o handle_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o orb_n with_o such_o property_n as_o be_v incident_a to_o a_o circle_n wherein_o i_o show_v the_o conveniency_n of_o this_o figure_n in_o regard_n of_o safe_a and_o strong_a imbattail_v i_o will_v now_o add_v this_o much_o concern_v the_o use_n thereof_o that_o as_o it_o be_v the_o best_a manner_n of_o imbattail_v for_o a_o defensive_a strength_n and_o therefore_o never_o use_v but_o in_o extremity_n so_o we_o must_v be_v very_o careful_a that_o the_o sudden_a betake_v of_o ourselves_o to_o such_o a_o refuge_n do_v not_o more_o dismay_v the_o soldier_n than_o the_o advantage_n of_o that_o imbattail_v can_v benefit_v they_o for_o unless_o a_o leader_n be_v careful_a to_o keep_v his_o man_n in_o courage_n that_o their_o heart_n may_v be_v free_a from_o despair_n and_o amazement_n what_o profit_n can_v there_o arise_v from_o any_o disposition_n or_o body_n soever_o when_o the_o particular_a member_n shall_v be_v senseless_a of_o that_o duty_n which_o belong_v unto_o they_o for_o order_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o assistance_n to_o courage_n give_v mean_n to_o manage_v our_o valour_n with_o advantage_n in_o the_o war_n of_o africa_n we_o read_v that_o caesar_n legion_n be_v encircle_v about_o with_o great_a multitude_n of_o enemy_n be_v force_v to_o make_v a_o orb_n but_o he_o quick_o turn_v it_o to_o a_o better_a use_n by_o advance_v the_o two_o cornet_n two_o contrary_a way_n and_o so_o divide_v the_o enemy_n into_o two_o part_n and_o then_o beat_v they_o back_o to_o their_o great_a disadvantage_n the_o second_o observation_n i_o need_v not_o stand_v upon_o this_o order_n which_o the_o gall_n here_o take_v concern_v pillage_n that_o no_o soldior_fw-la shall_v forsake_v his_o station_n or_o disrank_v himself_o in_o hope_n of_o spoil_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o from_o the_o very_a infancy_n of_o war_n have_v often_o change_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o day_n and_o sell_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o public_a victory_n for_o private_a lucre_n and_o petty_a pilfer_n among_o other_o example_n 20_o let_v that_o which_o guichardine_n report_v of_o the_o battle_n of_o taro_n suffice_v to_o warn_v a_o well_o direct_v army_n as_o well_o by_o the_o good_a which_o charles_n the_o eight_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o france_n receive_v at_o that_o time_n as_o by_o the_o loss_n which_o the_o italian_n feel_v by_o that_o disorder_n not_o to_o seek_v after_o pillage_n until_o the_o victory_n be_v obtain_v the_o three_o observation_n the_o insufficiency_n of_o these_o commander_n whereof_o caesar_n now_o complain_v as_o the_o only_a want_n which_o these_o roman_n have_v to_o clear_v themselves_o of_o this_o danger_n bring_v to_o our_o consideration_n that_o which_o former_a time_n have_v make_v a_o question_n which_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o roman_a leader_n or_o the_o valour_n of_o their_o soldier_n that_o enlarge_v their_o empire_n to_o that_o greatness_n and_o make_v their_o people_n and_o senate_n lord_n of_o the_o world_n polybius_n weigh_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o victory_n which_o the_o carthaginian_n gain_v of_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o good_a direction_n of_o one_o zantippus_n a_o grecian_a have_v before_o that_o time_n receive_v diverse_a overthrow_n during_o the_o time_n of_o those_o war_n in_o africa_n conclude_v that_o it_o be_v more_o in_o the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o commander_n then_o in_o any_o extraordinary_a virtue_n of_o the_o soldier_n that_o the_o roman_n achieve_v so_o many_o conquest_n and_o beside_o the_o present_a example_n of_o zantippus_n he_o confirm_v his_o opinion_n with_o the_o proceed_n of_o hannibal_n who_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n still_o gain_v of_o the_o roman_a empire_n enlarge_a the_o territory_n of_o carthage_n and_o streighten_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o mighty_a rome_n until_o it_o have_v get_v a_o leader_n matchable_a to_o that_o subtle_a carthaginean_a and_o find_v a_o scipio_n to_o confront_v their_o hannibal_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v that_o sabinus_n and_o cotta_n famous_a battle_n between_o the_o old_a roman_n and_o the_o last_o latin_n wherein_o both_o party_n be_v equal_o ballaunce_v both_o in_o number_n and_o quality_n of_o their_o soldier_n have_v both_o the_o same_o arm_n the_o same_o use_n of_o their_o weapon_n and_o the_o same_o discipline_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o a_o civil_a war_n neither_o can_v fortune_n tell_v by_o the_o presence_n of_o their_o army_n where_o to_o bestow_v her_o favour_n or_o where_o to_o show_v her_o disdain_n but_o that_o the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o roman_a leader_n bring_v the_o odds_n in_o the_o trial_n and_o make_v rome_n great_a with_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o latin_n whereby_o it_o appear_v how_o much_o it_o import_v the_o whole_a fortune_n of_o a_o army_n to_o have_v a_o leader_n worthy_a of_o the_o place_n which_o he_o hold_v forasmuch_o as_o nothing_o do_v make_v a_o great_a difference_n of_o inequality_n between_o two_o equal_a army_n than_o the_o wisdom_n and_o experience_n of_o a_o grave_a commander_n or_o the_o disabilitie_n of_o a_o unskilful_a leader_n which_o be_v so_o powerful_a in_o their_o several_a effect_n that_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n of_o a_o hear_v of_o heart_n lead_v by_o a_o lion_n then_o of_o so_o many_o lion_n conduct_v by_o a_o heart_n chap._n xiii_o ambiorix_n direct_v the_o gall_n how_o they_o may_v best_o fight_v with_o advantage_n and_o frustrate_v the_o weapon_n of_o roman_a soldier_n the_o which_o thing_n when_o ambiorix_n perceive_v caesar_n he_o command_v his_o man_n to_o throw_v their_o cast_a weapon_n a_o far_o off_o and_o keep_v themselves_o from_o come_v near_o at_o hand_n and_o where_o the_o roman_n charge_v upon_o they_o to_o give_v way_n and_o again_o as_o they_o see_v they_o retire_v to_o their_o ensign_n then_o to_o pursue_v they_o which_o commandment_n be_v so_o diligent_o observe_v by_o the_o gall_n that_o as_o oft_o as_o any_o cohort_n sally_v out_o of_o the_o orb_n to_o give_v a_o assault_n the_o enemy_n give_v back_o as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n there_o be_v no_o help_n but_o that_o part_n must_v be_v leave_v naked_a and_o open_a to_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o cast_v weapon_n and_o again_o as_o they_o retire_v to_o their_o place_n they_o be_v circumvent_v as_o well_o by_o they_o that_o have_v give_v place_n unto_o they_o as_o by_o such_o as_o stand_v next_o about_o they_o and_o if_o they_o go_v about_o to_o keep_v their_o ground_n they_o can_v neither_o help_v themselves_o by_o their_o manhood_n nor_o stand_v thick_a together_o avoid_z the_o dart_n that_o such_o a_o multitude_n cast_v upon_o they_o and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o these_o inconvenience_n beside_o the_o wound_n which_o they_o have_v receive_v they_o stand_v still_o at_o their_o defence_n and_o have_v so_o spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o day_n for_o they_o have_v fight_v eight_o hour_n together_o they_o count_v nothing_o dishonourable_a or_o unworthy_a of_o themselves_o the_o observation_n i_o have_v speak_v already_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_a fight_n consist_v altogether_o in_o good_a disposition_n of_o imbattail_v and_o in_o firm_a stand_n and_o buckle_v at_o handy-blowe_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o this_o circumstance_n where_o ambiorix_n forbid_v his_o man_n to_o buckle_v with_o they_o but_o to_o give_v back_o and_o follow_v on_o again_o as_o the_o lightness_n of_o their_o arm_n give_v they_o opportunity_n in_o like_a manner_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n in_o the_o battle_n between_o caesar_n and_o affranius_n it_o appear_v that_o caesar_n his_o soldier_n be_v bind_v to_o keep_v their_o array_n not_o to_o leave_v their_o ensign_n nor_o without_o a_o weighty_a occasion_n to_o forsake_v their_o station_n appoint_v they_o whereas_o the_o affranians_n fight_v thin_a and_o scatter_v here_o and_o there_o and_o if_o they_o be_v hard_o lay_v unto_o they_o think_v it_o no_o dishonour_n to_o retire_v and_o give_v back_o as_o they_o have_v learn_v of_o the_o portugal_n and_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n chap._n xiiii_o the_o roman_n be_v overthrow_v than_o t._n baluentius_n who_o the_o year_n before_o have_v be_v primipile_n of_o that_o legion_n a_o valiant_a man_n and_o of_o great_a authority_n have_v both_o