be_v impossible_a to_o be_v repair_v any_o other_o way_n than_o by_o consult_v the_o most_o age_a person_n that_o may_v have_v preserve_v any_o idea_n thereof_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v question_v that_o the_o work_n be_v at_o present_a exceed_o defective_a even_o as_o the_o interpreter_n themselves_o acknowledge_v there_o be_v indeed_o several_a thing_n herein_o want_v and_o a_o great_a many_o other_o add_v which_o never_o be_v in_o confucius_n copy_n however_o in_o this_o whole_a volume_n such_o as_o it_o now_o be_v he_o treat_v of_o the_o rite_n as_o well_o sacred_a as_o profane_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o duty_n such_o as_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o three_o family_n of_o the_o prince_n hia_n xaâ—_n and_o cheâ—_n but_o especial_o of_o that_o which_o reign_v in_o confucius_n time_n these_o duty_n be_v those_o of_o parent_n to_o their_o child_n those_o of_o child_n to_o their_o parent_n the_o duty_n of_o husband_n and_o wife_n those_o of_o friend_n those_o which_o respect_n hospitality_n and_o those_o which_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v perform_v at_o home_n or_o abroad_o or_o at_o feast_n he_o there_o discourse_v likewise_o of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o victim_n that_o be_v to_o be_v offer_v up_o unto_o heaven_n oâ—_n the_o temple_n to_o be_v choose_v for_o that_o end_n of_o the_o respect_n we_o ought_v to_o have_v for_o the_o dead_a and_o of_o their_o obsequy_n or_o funeral_n rite_n in_o a_o word_n he_o therein_o treat_v of_o the_o liberal_a art_n especial_o of_o music_n of_o the_o military_a art_n of_o the_o way_n of_o lance_v a_o javelin_n and_o guide_v a_o chariot_n behold_v in_o brief_a what_o the_o five_o volume_n contain_v the_o four_o book_n the_o three_o first_o oâ—_n which_o be_v confucius_n book_n whereof_o we_o design_v to_o speak_v do_v comprehend_v the_o whole_a philosophy_n of_o the_o chinese_n at_o least_o whatever_o this_o philosophy_n have_v most_o curious_a and_o considerable_a they_o explain_v and_o more_o clear_o illustrate_v what_o be_v write_v in_o the_o five_o volume_n and_o although_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o five_o volume_n be_v infinite_o great_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o antiquity_n than_o that_o of_o the_o â—our_n volume_n yet_o the_o four_o volume_n exceed_v it_o for_o the_o advantage_n that_o may_v be_v receive_v therefrom_o indeed_o beside_o that_o the_o chineses_n do_v thence_o derive_v their_o principal_a oracle_n and_o what_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v eternal_a verity_n the_o lâ—terati_fw-la which_o be_v philosopher_n that_o follow_v confucius_n doctrine_n and_o which_o have_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n all_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o nation_n can_v arrive_v at_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o philosopher_n and_o consequent_o to_o be_v mandorim_n or_o magistrate_n without_o a_o great_a knowledge_n of_o these_o four_o book_n they_o be_v in_o truth_n under_o a_o obligation_n to_o know_v one_o of_o the_o five_o volume_n which_o they_o please_v to_o choose_v according_a to_o their_o fancy_n and_o inclination_n but_o as_o for_o the_o â—our_n book_n they_o be_v indispensable_o oblige_v to_o know_v they_o all_o four_o by_o heart_n and_o thorough_o to_o understand_v they_o the_o principal_a reason_n of_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v the_o first_o be_v that_o confucius_n and_o memcius_n who_o write_v the_o four_o book_n have_v collect_v what_o be_v best_a and_o most_o exquisite_a in_o the_o work_v of_o the_o ancient_n the_o second_o be_v that_o they_o have_v add_v several_a good_a thing_n to_o the_o discovery_n and_o thought_n of_o their_o ancestor_n the_o three_o that_o confucius_n and_o memcius_n propose_v their_o doctrine_n after_o a_o clear_a and_o polite_a method_n than_o be_v former_o do_v in_o fine_a it_o be_v because_o that_o confucius_n and_o memcius_n have_v in_o the_o four_o book_n avoid_v the_o dull_a and_o harsh_a style_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o that_o by_o a_o smooth_a style_n although_o without_o pride_n and_o arrogancy_n they_o have_v add_v ornament_n to_o the_o naked_a simplicity_n of_o the_o golden_a age._n we_o have_v nothing_o to_o say_v concern_v the_o four_o book_n because_o that_o this_o work_n of_o memcius_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o appear_v in_o europe_n but_o before_o we_o proceed_v to_o speak_v of_o confucius_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o publish_v the_o merit_n of_o this_o philosopher_n together_o with_o the_o most_o remarkable_a passage_n of_o his_o life_n confucius_n be_v bear_v 551_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o jesus_n christ._n he_o be_v of_o a_o most_o noble_a extraction_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v his_o mother_n who_o be_v of_o a_o illustrious_a birth_n his_o father_n who_o have_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a office_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o last_o emperor_n of_o the_o second_o family_n disposition_n to_o virtue_n appear_v sometime_o in_o the_o tender_a year_n confucius_n at_o six_o year_n old_a discover_v nothing_o of_o a_o child_n all_o his_o way_n be_v manly_a at_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n he_o apply_v himself_o to_o the_o read_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o have_v select_v those_o which_o be_v most_o esteem_v and_o which_o himself_o judge_v the_o best_a he_o thence_o extract_v the_o most_o excellent_a instruction_n with_o a_o design_n first_o to_o profit_v himself_o thereby_o to_o make_v they_o the_o rule_n of_o his_o own_o conduct_n and_o afterward_o to_o propose_v they_o to_o other_o at_o twenty_o year_n old_a he_o marry_v and_o have_v a_o son_n name_v peyu_n who_o die_v at_o fifty_o he_o be_v the_o only_a child_n he_o have_v but_o his_o race_n extinguish_v not_o he_o have_v a_o grandson_n call_v cusu_n that_o be_v a_o honour_n to_o his_o ancestor_n cusu_n apply_v himself_o to_o philosophy_n he_o make_v commentary_n on_o his_o grandfather_n book_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o high_a dignity_n and_o his_o house_n be_v so_o well_o support_v and_o his_o posterity_n have_v always_o be_v so_o considerable_a both_o for_o their_o promotion_n and_o opulency_n that_o this_o family_n be_v at_o present_a one_o of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a in_o china_n confucius_n exercise_v the_o magistracy_n at_o divers_a place_n with_o very_o good_a success_n and_o with_o a_o great_a reputation_n his_o great_a aim_n be_v the_o public_a good_a and_o the_o propagation_n of_o his_o doctrine_n he_o ambicious_o seek_v not_o after_o vainglory_n in_o these_o sort_n of_o employ_v insomuch_o that_o when_o he_o accomplish_v not_o his_o end_n when_o he_o see_v himself_o frustrate_v in_o the_o hope_n he_o have_v of_o be_v enable_v more_o easy_o to_o diffuse_v his_o light_n from_o a_o high_a place_n he_o descend_v and_o renounce_v the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n this_o philosopher_n have_v three_o thousand_o disciple_n among_o which_o there_o be_v five_o hundred_o that_o manage_v the_o most_o eminent_a charge_n in_o several_a kingdom_n and_o seventy_o two_o who_o virtue_n aâ—d_v knowledge_n be_v so_o extraordinary_a that_o the_o annal_n have_v preserve_v their_o name_n surname_n and_o the_o name_n of_o their_o country_n to_o posterity_n he_o divide_v his_o doctrine_n into_o four_o part_n so_o that_o confucius_n school_n be_v compose_v of_o four_o order_n of_o disciple_n those_o of_o the_o first_o order_n apply_v themselves_o to_o cultivate_v virtue_n and_o thereby_o to_o impress_v strong_a disposition_n in_o their_o heart_n and_o mind_n those_o of_o the_o second_o order_n addict_v themselves_o to_o the_o art_n of_o ratiocination_n and_o rhetoric_n the_o three_o study_a politic_n and_o the_o business_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o four_o order_n be_v to_o write_v in_o a_o smooth_a and_o neat_a style_n what_o concern_v morality_n among_o these_o seventy_o two_o disciple_n there_o be_v ten_o that_o signalise_v themselves_o and_o who_o name_n and_o writing_n be_v in_o great_a veneration_n confucius_n throughout_o his_o doctrine_n have_v no_o other_o intent_n than_o to_o dissipate_v the_o mist_n of_o the_o mind_n to_o extirpate_v vice_n and_o re-establish_a that_o integrity_n which_o he_o affirm_v to_o have_v be_v a_o present_a from_o heaven_n and_o the_o more_o easy_o to_o attain_v this_o end_n he_o exhort_v all_o those_o that_o hear_v his_o instruction_n to_o obey_v heaven_n to_o fear_v and_o serve_v it_o to_o love_v his_o neighbour_n as_o himself_o to_o conquer_v and_o submit_v his_o passion_n unto_o reason_n to_o do_v nothing_o say_v nothing_o nor_o think_v nothing_o contrary_a to_o it_o and_o what_o be_v more_o remarkable_a he_o recommend_v nothing_o to_o other_o either_o in_o write_v or_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n which_o he_o do_v not_o first_o practice_v himself_o his_o disciple_n also_o have_v for_o he_o a_o veneration_n so_o extraordinary_a that_o they_o sometime_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o pay_v he_o those_o honour_n which_o be_v use_v to_o be_v render_v to_o those_o only_a that_o sit_v upon_o the_o throne_n a_o example_n of_o which_o
confucius_n work_n the_o first_o book_n the_o first_o book_n of_o confucius_n be_v publish_v by_o one_o of_o his_o most_o famous_a disciple_n name_v cemçu_fw-fr and_o this_o learned_a disciple_n write_v very_o excellent_a commentary_n thereon_o this_o book_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o gate_n through_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o pass_v to_o arrive_v at_o the_o sublimest_n wisdom_n and_o most_o perfect_a virtue_n the_o philosopher_n here_o treat_v of_o three_o considerable_a thing_n 1._o of_o what_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v to_o cultivate_v our_o mind_n and_o regulate_v our_o manner_n 2._o of_o the_o method_n by_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o instruct_v and_o guide_v other_o and_o 3._o of_o the_o care_n that_o every_o one_o ought_v to_o have_v to_o tend_v to_o the_o sovereign_n good_a to_o adhere_v thereunto_o and_o as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v to_o repose_v himself_o therein_o because_o the_o author_n chief_o design_v to_o address_v his_o instruction_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o magistrate_n that_o may_v be_v call_v to_o the_o regality_n this_o book_n be_v entitle_v ta-hio_a or_o the_o great_a science_n the_o great_a secret_n say_v confuciâ—s_n to_o acquire_v true_a knowledge_n the_o knowledge_n consequent_o worthy_a of_o prince_n and_o the_o most_o illustrious_a personage_n be_v to_o cultivate_v and_o polish_v the_o reason_n which_o be_v a_o present_a that_o we_o have_v receive_v from_o heaven_n our_o concupiscence_n have_v disorder_v it_o and_o intermix_v several_a impurity_n therewith_o taâ—e_v away_o therefore_o and_o remove_v from_o it_o these_o impurity_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v reassume_v its_o former_a luster_n and_o enjoy_v its_o utmost_a perfectionâ—_n this_o here_o be_v the_o sovereign_n good_n this_o be_v not_o sufficient_a it_o be_v moreover_o requisite_a that_o a_o prince_n by_o his_o exhortation_n and_o by_o his_o own_o example_n make_v of_o his_o people_n as_o it_o be_v a_o new_a people_n in_o fine_a after_o be_v by_o great_a pain_n arrive_v at_o this_o sovereign_a perfection_n at_o this_o chief_a good_a you_o must_v not_o relax_v it_o be_v here_o that_o perseverance_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a whereas_o man_n general_o pursue_v not_o the_o method_n that_o lead_v to_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sovereign_n good_a and_o to_o a_o constant_a and_o eternal_a possession_n confucius_n have_v think_v it_o high_o important_a to_o give_v some_o instruction_n therein_o he_o say_v that_o after_o we_o know_v the_o end_n to_o which_o we_o must_v attain_v it_o be_v necessary_a to_o determine_v and_o incessant_o to_o make_v towards_o this_o end_n by_o walk_v in_o the_o way_n which_o lead_v thereunto_o by_o daily_o confirm_v in_o his_o mind_n the_o resolution_n fix_v on_o for_o the_o attain_n it_o and_o by_o establish_v it_o so_o well_o that_o nothing_o may_v in_o the_o least_o shake_v it_o when_o you_o shall_v have_v thus_o fix_v your_o mind_n in_o this_o great_a design_n give_v up_o yourself_o add_v he_o to_o meditation_n reason_n upon_o all_o thing_n within_o yourself_o endeavour_v to_o have_v some_o clear_a idea_n thereof_o consider_v distinct_o what_o present_v itself_o to_o you_o pass_v without_o prejudice_n solid_a judgement_n thereonâ—_n examine_v every_o thing_n and_o weigh_v every_o thing_n with_o care_n after_o examination_n and_o reason_n of_o this_o nature_n you_o may_v easy_o arrive_v at_o the_o end_n where_o you_o must_v fix_v at_o the_o end_n where_o you_o ought_v resolute_o to_o stand_v vice_n at_o a_o perfect_a conformity_n of_o all_o your_o action_n with_o what_o reason_n suggest_v as_o to_o the_o mean_n which_o a_o prince_n ought_v to_o use_v to_o purify_v and_o polish_v his_o reason_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o be_v thus_o dispose_v he_o may_v govern_v his_o state_n and_o redress_n and_o beautify_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o people_n the_o philosopher_n propose_v after_o what_o manner_n the_o ancient_a king_n govern_v themselves_o that_o they_o may_v at_o last_o govern_v their_o empire_n wise_o they_o endeavour_v say_v he_o prudent_o to_o sway_v a_o particular_a kingdom_n and_o to_o excite_v its_o member_n to_o improve_v their_o reason_n and_o to_o act_v like_o creature_n endow_v with_o understanding_n to_o produce_v this_o reformation_n in_o this_o particular_a kingdom_n they_o labour_v to_o regulate_v their_o family_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o model_n to_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n to_o reform_v their_o family_n they_o take_v a_o extraordinary_a care_n to_o polish_v their_o own_o person_n and_o so_o well_o to_o compose_v their_o word_n and_o action_n that_o they_o may_v neither_o say_v nor_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v ever_o so_o little_o offend_v complaicence_n and_o which_o be_v not_o edify_v to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o themselves_o may_v be_v a_o pattern_n and_o example_n continual_o expose_v to_o the_o eye_n of_o their_o domestic_n and_o all_o their_o courtier_n to_o obtain_v this_o exterior_a perfectionâ—_n they_o strive_v to_o rectify_v their_o mindâ—_n by_o govern_v and_o subdue_a their_o passionsâ—_n because_o that_o the_o passion_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n remove_v the_o mind_n from_o its_o natural_a rectitude_n do_v abase_v and_o incline_v it_o to_o all_o sort_n of_o vice_n to_o rectify_v their_o mind_n to_o rule_v and_o subdue_v their_o passion_n they_o so_o act_v that_o their_o will_n be_v always_o bend_v to_o good_a and_o never_o turn_v towards_o evil._n in_o fine_a thus_o to_o dispose_v their_o will_n they_o study_v to_o illuminate_v their_o understanding_n and_o so_o well_o to_o enlighten_v it_o that_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a they_o may_v ignore_v nothing_o for_o to_o will_n desire_n love_n and_o hate_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v this_o be_v the_o philosophy_n of_o right_a reason_n this_o be_v what_o confucius_n propose_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o instruct_v they_o how_o to_o rectify_v and_o polish_v first_o their_o own_o reason_n and_o afterwards_o the_o reason_n and_o person_n of_o all_o their_o subject_n but_o to_o make_v the_o great_a impression_n after_o have_v gradual_o descend_v from_o the_o wise_a conduct_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n to_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o understanding_n he_o reascend_v by_o the_o same_o degree_n from_o the_o illuminate_v understanding_n to_o the_o happy_a state_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n if_o say_v he_o the_o understanding_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v well_o enlighten_v his_o will_n will_v incline_v only_o to_o good_a his_o will_n incline_v only_o to_o good_a his_o soul_n will_v be_v entire_o rectify_v there_o will_v not_o be_v any_o passion_n that_o can_v make_v he_o destroy_v his_o rectitude_n the_o soul_n be_v thus_o rectify_v he_o will_v be_v compose_v in_o his_o exterior_a nothing_o will_v be_v observe_v in_o his_o person_n that_o can_v offend_v complaisance_n his_o person_n be_v thus_o perfect_v his_o family_n form_v itself_o according_a to_o this_o model_n will_v be_v reform_v and_o amend_v his_o family_n be_v arrive_v at_o this_o perfection_n it_o will_v serve_v as_o a_o example_n to_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o particular_a kingdom_n and_o the_o member_n of_o the_o particular_a kingdom_n to_o all_o those_o that_o compose_v the_o body_n of_o the_o empire_n thus_o thâ—_n whole_a empire_n will_v be_v well_o govern_v order_n and_o justice_n will_v reign_v there_o we_o shall_v there_o enjoy_v a_o profound_a peace_n it_o will_v be_v a_o happy_a and_o flourish_a empire_n confucius_n afterward_o certify_v that_o these_o admonition_n do_v not_o less_o regard_v the_o subject_n than_o the_o prince_n and_o aâ—teâ—_n have_v address_v himself_o to_o king_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o they_o ought_v particular_o to_o apply_v themselves_o right_o to_o govern_v their_o family_n to_o take_v care_n thereof_o and_o reform_v it_o for_o he_o add_v it_o be_v impossible_a that_o he_o that_o know_v not_o how_o to_o govern_v and_o reform_v his_o own_o family_n can_v right_o govern_v and_o reform_v a_o people_n behold_v what_o be_v most_o important_a in_o confucius_n doctrine_n contain_v in_o the_o first_o book_n and_o which_o be_v the_o text_n as_o i_o may_v say_v whereon_o his_o commentator_n cemçu_fw-fr have_v take_v pain_n this_o famous_a disciple_n to_o explain_v and_o enlarge_v his_o master_n instruction_n allege_v authority_n and_o example_n which_o he_o draw_v from_o three_o very_a ancient_a book_n high_o esteem_v by_o the_o chinese_n the_o first_o book_n he_o mention_n which_o be_v of_o a_o late_a date_n than_o the_o rest_n be_v entitle_v camcao_n and_o make_v up_o a_o part_n of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o cheu_n this_o book_n be_v compose_v by_o a_o prince_n call_v vuvam_n the_o son_n of_o king_n venvam_n vuvam_fw-la do_v therein_o high_o extol_v his_o father_n but_o his_o principal_a design_n in_o magnify_v the_o virtue_n and_o admirable_a quality_n of_o this_o prince_n be_v to_o form_v according_a to_o this_o model_n one_o of_o his_o
brethrenâ—_n who_o he_o will_v perfect_v in_o virtue_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o he_o ordinary_o tell_v he_o that_o their_o father_n have_v the_o art_n of_o be_v virtuous_a venuâ—m_o say_v he_o to_o he_o have_v the_o art_n of_o polish_n his_o reason_n and_o his_o person_n the_o second_o book_n from_o whence_o cemçu_fw-fr cite_v his_o authority_n and_o example_n be_v call_v tar-kia_a this_o book_n which_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n ancient_a than_o the_o first_o be_v write_v by_o a_o famous_a emperor_n of_o xam_n name_v y-yin_a it_o be_v therein_o read_v that_o this_o y-yin_a see_v tar-kia_a the_o grandson_n of_o the_o emperor_n chimtam_a degenerate_a from_o the_o virtue_n of_o his_o illustrious_a ancestor_n and_o carry_v himself_o after_o a_o manner_n whole_o different_a from_o they_o he_o command_v he_o to_o live_v three_o year_n in_o a_o garden_n where_o be_v his_o grandfather_n tomb_n that_o this_o make_v so_o great_a a_o impression_n upon_o his_o spirit_n that_o he_o change_v his_o course_n and_o that_o the_o same_o y-yin_a who_o have_v do_v he_o so_o kind_a a_o office_n have_v afterward_o advance_v he_o to_o the_o empire_n tar-kia_a govern_v it_o a_o long_a time_n in_o great_a prosperity_n king_n tamburlaine_n say_v y-yin_a to_o tar-kia_a king_n tamburlaine_n always_o have_v his_o mind_n dispose_v to_o cultivate_v that_o precious_a reason_n which_o hâ—â—_n be_v give_v we_o from_o heaven_n in_o fine_a the_o three_o book_n which_o be_v much_o ancient_a than_o the_o two_o former_a be_v call_v ti-tien_a and_o upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o king_n yaâ—_n it_o be_v there_o read_v that_o this_o prince_n can_v cultivate_v this_o sublime_a virtue_n this_o great_a and_o sublime_a gift_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v from_o heaven_n viz._n natural_a reason_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o confucius_n disciple_n by_o these_o authority_n design_v to_o show_v or_o rather_o suppose_v that_o the_o whole_a world_n believe_v that_o we_o have_v all_o receive_v from_o heaven_n those_o light_n which_o most_o man_n suffer_v to_o extinguish_v by_o their_o negligence_n a_o reason_n which_o most_o man_n voluntary_o slight_a and_o suffer_v to_o corrupt_v and_o see_v that_o there_o be_v prince_n which_o have_v perfect_v these_o light_n which_o have_v better_v and_o improve_v their_o reason_n we_o ought_v to_o imitate_v they_o and_o that_o we_o as_o well_o as_o they_o by_o their_o endeavour_n may_v attain_v to_o such_o a_o perfection_n we_o must_v not_o here_o forget_v a_o remarkable_a thing_n which_o cemçu_fw-fr relate_v touch_v a_o basin_n wherein_o king_n tam_fw-la use_v to_o bathe_v and_o wash_v himself_o he_o say_v that_o these_o excellent_a word_n be_v there_o engrave_v wash_v thyself_o renew_v thyself_o continual_o renew_v thyself_o every_o day_n renew_v thyself_o from_o day_n to_o day_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o intimate_v to_o the_o king_n that_o if_o â—_o prince_n which_o govern_v other_o have_v contract_v vice_n and_o impurity_n he_o ought_v to_o labour_v to_o cleanse_v himself_o therefrom_o and_o to_o reduce_v his_o heart_n into_o its_o first_o state_n of_o purity_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n it_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o chinese_n to_o grave_n or_o paint_v on_o their_o domestic_a vessel_n some_o moral_a sentence_n and_o strong_a exhortation_n to_o virtue_n so_o that_o when_o they_o bathe_v themselves_o or_o take_v their_o repast_n there_o they_o have_v these_o sentence_n and_o exhortation_n continual_o before_o their_o eye_n this_o ancient_a custom_n be_v still_o preserve_v there_o be_v only_o this_o difference_n say_v he_o that_o publish_v confucius_n work_n that_o whereas_o heretofore_o the_o character_n be_v grave_v or_o paint_v on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o vessel_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o interior_a face_n at_o present_a the_o chineses_n do_v most_o frequent_o grave_a or_o paint_v they_o on_o the_o outside_n satisfy_v themselves_o in_o this_o age_n with_o the_o outward_a appearance_n of_o virtue_n after_o cemçu_fw-fr have_v speak_v of_o the_o two_o â—irst_n part_n of_o his_o master_n doctrine_n the_o one_o of_o which_o respect_v what_o a_o prince_n shall_v do_v for_o his_o own_o perfection_n and_o the_o other_o what_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v for_o the_o perfection_n and_o prosperity_n of_o other_o he_o proceed_v to_o the_o three_o and_o last_o part_n wherein_o he_o discourse_v of_o the_o last_o end_n that_o every_o one_o ought_v to_o propose_v as_o thâ—_n sovereign_a good_a and_o whereat_o he_o ought_v to_o fix_v we_o must_v remember_v that_o by_o the_o last_o end_n and_o sovereign_n good_a confucius_n understand_v as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v a_o entire_a conformity_n of_o our_o â—_z with_o right_a reason_n after_o this_o he_o allege_v the_o example_n of_o that_o venvam_fw-la already_o speak_v of_o and_o certain_o this_o prince_n conduct_n be_v so_o wise_a and_o regular_a that_o we_o can_v without_o admiration_n understand_v how_o by_o the_o sole_a light_n of_o nature_n he_o can_v have_v such_o idea_n as_o he_o have_v and_o can_v arrive_v at_o so_o sublime_a a_o virtue_n as_o that_o whereunto_o he_o attain_v it_o will_v not_o be_v unpleasing_a to_o see_v something_o of_o it_o here_o venvam_fw-la say_v the_o commentator_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o love_n which_o prince_n bear_v to_o their_o subject_n can_v but_o great_o contribute_v right_o to_o govern_v and_o make_v they_o happy_a and_o upon_o this_o consideration_n he_o make_v this_o love_n his_o principal_a business_n which_o he_o incessant_o endeavour_v to_o perfect_v behold_v the_o method_n he_o take_v because_o that_o the_o principal_a virtue_n of_o a_o subject_a be_v to_o honour_n and_o respect_v his_o king_n venvam_n be_v as_o yet_o a_o subject_a fix_v himself_o to_o render_v this_o honour_n and_o respect_n and_o take_v so_o great_a a_o pleasure_n in_o these_o sort_n of_o obligation_n that_o he_o always_o fulfil_v they_o with_o great_a fidelity_n as_o the_o first_o and_o most_o important_a virtue_n of_o child_n to_o their_o parent_n be_v obedience_n venvam_n in_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o son_n adhere_v to_o this_o obedience_n and_o incessant_o acquit_v himself_o of_o this_o duty_n with_o a_o extraordinary_a piety_n the_o principal_a virtue_n of_o a_o father_n add_v confucius_n disciple_n be_v a_o tender_a love_n for_o his_o child_n thus_o venvam_n like_o a_o father_n stick_v close_o to_o this_o love_n whereof_o he_o contiâ—nally_o give_v very_a signal_n proof_n not_o by_o a_o weak_a and_o criminal_a indulgence_n but_o by_o the_o continual_a care_n he_o take_v to_o reform_v and_o instruct_v they_o in_o fine_a fidelity_n be_v a_o virtue_n absolute_o necessary_a to_o thosâ—_n that_o live_v in_o a_o society_n thus_o venuâ—m_n in_o speak_v and_o act_v with_o the_o subject_n of_o his_o kingdom_n keep_v close_o to_o this_o duty_n and_o so_o strong_o adhere_v to_o it_o that_o he_o never_o promise_v any_o thing_n which_o he_o effect_v not_o with_o a_o unspeakable_a promtitude_n and_o exactness_n this_o prince_n ses_fw-fr cemçu_fw-fr be_v bear_v of_o very_o virtuous_a parent_n who_o have_v take_v great_a care_n of_o his_o education_n especial_o his_o mother_n taicin_n who_o have_v be_v a_o pattern_n of_o virtue_n but_o he_o himself_o have_v so_o well_o improve_v this_o education_n â—hat_n he_o render_v himself_o a_o accomplish_a prince_n and_o acquit_v himself_o with_o so_o much_o reputation_n and_o such_o a_o general_a esteem_n even_o among_o foreign_a nation_n that_o forty_o four_o kingdom_n voluntary_o submit_v to_o his_o empire_n nevertheless_o add_v he_o this_o great_a honour_n wherewith_o he_o be_v environ_v be_v never_o capable_a of_o eclipse_v he_o he_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o inexpressible_a and_o unparalleled_a modesty_n and_o humility_n he_o very_o severe_o accuse_v himself_o of_o not_o be_v virtuous_a enough_o for_o one_o day_n when_o he_o be_v sick_a the_o earth_n be_v shake_v with_o prodigious_a earthquake_n he_o seek_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o calamity_n and_o of_o the_o wrath_n of_o heaven_n only_o in_o his_o own_o sin_n although_o he_o be_v of_o a_o consummate_v virtue_n that_o which_o most_o appear_v in_o venvam_n action_n be_v a_o extraordinary_a charity_n a_o proof_n whereof_o we_o will_v here_o allege_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o china_n it_o be_v record_v that_o this_o prince_n have_v find_v in_o the_o field_n the_o bone_n of_o a_o man_n to_o who_o the_o honour_n of_o burying_n be_v refuse_v he_o immediate_o command_v they_o to_o be_v inter_v and_o some_o of_o thâ—_n bystander_n say_v that_o the_o master_n of_o the_o decease_a be_v unknown_a and_o that_o for_o this_o reason_n he_o may_v not_o concern_v himself_o it_o be_v found_v perhaps_o on_o some_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n what_o reply_v the_o king_n he_o that_o hold_v the_o reins_o of_o the_o empire_n be_v not_o he_o the_o master_n of_o it_o he_o that_o reign_v be_v not_o he_o the_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o be_o
verity_n which_o be_v implant_v in_o the_o soul_n of_o alâ—_n mâ—n_z and_o which_o our_o philosopher_n incessant_o consult_v without_o prejudice_n guide_v all_o his_o word_n thus_o the_o râ—les_n which_o he_o prescribe_v and_o the_o duty_n to_o â—hâ—ch_v he_o exhort_v be_v such_o that_o there_o be_v no_o person_n which_o do_v not_o immediate_o give_v his_o approbation_n thereunto_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o falsity_n in_o his_o reason_n nothing_o extreme_a none_o of_o those_o frightful_a subtlety_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o moral_a treatise_n of_o most_o modern_a metaphysitian_n verité_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o discourse_n where_o simplicity_n clearness_n and_o perspicuity_n ought_v to_o prevail_v throughout_o and_o make_v it_o sâ—lf_o sensible_a to_o mind_n â—f_v the_o low_a rank_n we_o shall_v perhaps_o find_v this_o maxim_n a_o little_a relax_v where_o confucius_n say_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a person_n who_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o hate_n nevertheless_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v close_o consider_v we_o shall_v find_v the_o thought_n to_o be_v just_a and_o reasonable_a virtue_n indeed_o command_v we_o to_o do_v good_a to_o all_o man_n as_o confucius_n state_n it_o but_o it_o require_v not_o that_o we_o shall_v effectual_o have_v friendship_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o person_n there_o be_v some_o so_o odious_a that_o it_o be_v absolute_o impossible_a to_o love_v they_o for_o afâ—er_o all_o wâ—_n only_o can_v love_v good_a we_o natural_o have_v a_o aversion_n for_o what_o appear_v extreme_o wicked_a and_o defective_a all_o that_o charity_n oblige_v we_o to_o do_v on_o this_o account_n be_v to_o show_v kindness_n to_o a_o person_n when_o it_o be_v in_o our_o power_n as_o if_o wâ—_n love_v he_o notwithstanding_o the_o vice_n malicâ—_n and_o great_a defect_n which_o be_v discover_v in_o he_o see_v that_o opportunity_n oâ—â—ers_n we_o shall_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o duty_n of_o love_v our_o enemy_n which_o jesus_n christ_n so_o much_o recommend_v in_o his_o gospel_n be_v general_o too_o much_o stretch_v this_o duty_n be_v uâ—ry_o difficult_a to_o perform_v in_o its_o just_a extent_n without_o our_o render_v it_o yet_o hard_o or_o rather_o impossible_a to_o practise_v and_o capable_a of_o cast_v we_o into_o despair_n and_o of_o make_v we_o fall_v into_o a_o entire_a relaxation_n the_o generality_n of_o those_o that_o explain_v this_o duty_n do_v speak_v as_o if_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o retain_v in_o our_o heart_n a_o tender_a amity_n for_o all_o our_o enemy_n how_o wicked_a and_o abominable_a soever_n they_o be_v yet_o this_o be_v not_o precise_o that_o which_o the_o son_n of_o god_n require_v at_o our_o hand_n because_o he_o demand_v not_o thing_n absolute_o impossible_a his_o aim_n be_v to_o excite_v we_o to_o â—ehave_v oâ—r_a self_n towards_o our_o enemy_n whoever_o they_o be_v as_o we_o do_v to_o they_o that_o we_o love_n indeed_n the_o scripture_n do_v in_o several_a place_n by_z to_z love_n signify_v to_o do_v good_a almost_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o do_v to_o those_o for_o who_o we_o have_v a_o great_a aâ—â—ection_n if_o this_o be_v a_o sit_v occasion_n we_o may_v verify_v this_o with_o several_a passage_n we_o shall_v satisfy_v ourselves_o oâ—ly_o with_o allege_v the_o example_n of_o god_n himself_o which_o our_o saviour_n propose_v â—or_a our_o imitation_n for_o aâ—ter_v have_v say_v matth._n 5.44.45_o love_v your_o enemy_n bless_v they_o that_o curse_v you_o do_v good_a to_o they_o that_o hate_v you_o and_o pray_v for_o they_o which_o despiteful_o use_v you_o and_o persecute_v you_o for_o these_o be_v all_o as_o so_o many_o synonymous_n term_n he_o add_v that_o you_o may_v be_v the_o child_n of_o your_o father_n which_o be_v in_o heaven_n for_o he_o make_v his_o sun_n to_o rise_v upon_o the_o evil_a and_o on_o the_o good_a and_o send_v his_o rain_n on_o the_o just_a and_o on_o the_o un-just_a now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o god_n love_v not_o the_o wicked_a and_o unjust_a although_o he_o may_v do_v they_o good_a he_o have_v have_v a_o extreme_a aversion_n for_o a_o caligula_n for_o a_o nero_n and_o other_o such_o like_a monster_n although_o he_o have_v cause_v his_o sun_n to_o shine_v and_o send_v his_o rain_n upon_o they_o but_o he_o have_v deal_v with_o they_o as_o if_o he_o love_v they_o and_o it_o be_v after_o this_o manner_n also_o that_o we_o ought_v to_o deport_v ourselves_o towards_o our_o enemy_n it_o be_v not_o that_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v sincere_o to_o endeavour_v what_o in_o we_o lie_v to_o retain_v in_o our_o heart_n some_o sentiment_n of_o friendship_n for_o they_o but_o there_o be_v certain_a person_n so_o lewd_a so_o prosâ—igate_v and_o so_o abominable_a for_o who_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o have_v these_o sentiment_n and_o it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o the_o charity_n be_v yet_o great_a more_o generous_a and_o praise_v worthy_a when_o notwithstanding_o that_o aversion_n which_o we_o can_v hinder_v ourselves_o from_o bear_v to_o â—ertain_a person_n we_o cease_v not_o to_o do_v they_o good_a upon_o occasion_n with_o the_o prospect_n of_o yield_a obedience_n unto_o god_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n by_o what_o we_o have_v hithirto_o say_v it_o may_v be_v judge_v how_o exceed_o the_o public_a be_v behold_v to_o the_o r._n f._n incorcetta_n and_o couplet_n who_o have_v translate_v out_o of_o chinese_n into_o latin_a the_o three_o book_n of_o confucius_n from_o which_o we_o have_v extract_v this_o piece_n of_o moralityâ—_n which_o be_v now_o divulge_v we_o have_v select_v the_o most_o important_a thing_n and_o have_v let_v slip_v several_a which_o although_o good_a in_o themselves_o and_o particular_o agreeable_a to_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o person_n for_o who_o they_o have_v be_v say_v and_o write_v will_v have_v seem_v perhaps_o too_o common_a and_o inconsiderable_a in_o our_o europe_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o in_o the_o work_n of_o the_o r._n f._n incorcetta_n and_o couplet_n a_o discourse_n be_v make_v concern_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o chinese_n nation_n and_o of_o the_o ancientâ—st_a book_n which_o this_o nation_n enjoy_v and_o which_o be_v extant_a several_a age_n before_o that_o of_o confucius_n we_o have_v therefore_o translate_v what_o on_o â—hâ—s_n account_n be_v most_o necessary_a to_o be_v know_v it_o be_v here_o requisite_a for_o the_o reader_n be_v satisfaction_n to_o declare_v that_o the_o chinese_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o origine_fw-la to_o the_o time_n of_o confucius_n have_v not_o be_v idolater_n that_o they_o have_v not_o have_v neither_o false_a god_n nor_o image_n that_o they_o have_v pay_v adoration_n only_o to_o the_o creator_n of_o the_o universe_n who_o they_o have_v alâ—ays_o call_v xam-ti_a and_o to_o who_o their_o three_o emperor_n name_v hoam-ti_a erect_v a_o temple_n which_o be_v probable_a the_o first_o that_o be_v build_v to_o god_n the_o name_n of_o xam-ti_a which_o they_o attribute_v to_o god_n signify_v sovereign_a master_n or_o emperor_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n that_o have_v very_o frequent_o assume_v the_o surname_n of_o ti_fw-mi which_o import_v master_n emperor_z or_o that_o of_o va_o which_o signify_v king_n â—_z that_o there_o be_v one_o prince_n of_o the_o four_o race_n who_o be_v call_v xi_o hoam_n ti_o the_o great_a or_o august_n emperor_n but_o there_o be_v not_o find_v any_o that_o have_v dare_v to_o assume_v the_o title_n of_o xam_n that_o be_v to_o say_v sovereign_a and_o that_o they_o have_v always_o respectful_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o absolute_a judge_n of_o thâ—_n universe_n it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o china_n sacrifice_n have_v ever_o be_v offer_v to_o diverse_a tutelary_a angel_n but_o in_o the_o time_n which_o precede_v confucius_n it_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o honour_v they_o infinite_o less_o than_o xam-ti_a the_o souveraign_a lord_n of_o the_o world_n the_o chineses_n serve_v god_n with_o extraordinary_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o a_o very_a modest_a and_o very_a humble_a behaviour_n and_o say_v that_o all_o this_o external_a worship_n be_v in_o no_o wise_a agreeable_a to_o the_o divinity_n if_o the_o soul_n be_v not_o inward_o adorn_v with_o piety_n and_o virtue_n they_o high_o honour_v their_o father_n and_o mother_n and_o person_n advance_v in_o age._n the_o woman_n be_v very_o virtuous_a and_o in_o their_o habit_n and_o all_o their_o fashion_n great_a modesty_n be_v observe_v the_o man_n and_o woman_n noble_n and_o peasant_n king_n and_o subject_n do_v great_o esteem_v sobriety_n frugality_n moderation_n justice_n and_o virtue_n the_o religion_n and_o piety_n of_o the_o chineses_n continue_v almost_o in_o this_o state_n unto_o the_o time_n of_o the_o philosopher_n li_n lao_n kiun_n who_o be_v contemporary_a with_o confucius_n and_o who_o first_o declare_v there_o be_v several_a go_n
be_v there_o make_v concern_v the_o creation_n oâ—_n the_o world_n although_o after_o a_o different_a method_n from_o moses_n history_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o these_o idea_n of_o the_o true_a god_n which_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n and_o after_o that_o the_o deluge_n have_v deep_o engrave_v in_o their_o heart_n can_v be_v so_o sudden_o efface_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o that_o they_o shall_v fall_v into_o idolatry_n and_o follow_v after_o other_o god_n than_o he_o that_o have_v create_v they_o but_o the_o more_o thorough_o to_o convince_v we_o of_o what_o we_o have_v be_v discourse_v it_o be_v needful_a only_o to_o consider_v the_o doctrine_n sentiment_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n the_o book_n of_o their_o philosopher_n and_o especial_o those_o of_o confucius_n certain_o we_o shall_v throughout_o observe_v the_o excellent_a morality_n â—hat_n ever_o be_v teach_v a_o morality_n which_o may_v be_v say_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o school_n of_o jesus_n christ._n the_o book_n which_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n have_v write_v be_v exceed_o numerous_a but_o the_o chief_a be_v those_o which_o be_v call_v vkim_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o five_o volume_n and_o those_o entitle_v sum_n xu_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o four_o book_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a of_o these_o five_o volume_n be_v call_v xu_o kin._n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a very_o ample_o to_o discourse_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o work_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o say_v that_o in_o peruse_v it_o we_o find_v that_o the_o author_n write_v a_o long_a time_n before_o moses_n at_o first_o there_o be_v see_v the_o history_n of_o three_o great_a king_n viz._n yao_n xun_n and_o vu_fw-fr the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v the_o â—irst_n and_o chief_a of_o the_o family_n hia_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o all_o the_o imperial_a family_n and_o the_o two_o other_o have_v be_v famous_a lawgiver_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o solon_n of_o china_n therein_o be_v afterward_o find_v the_o most_o important_a constitution_n that_o be_v make_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o second_o family_n or_o imperial_a house_n call_v xam_n and_o vu_fw-fr especial_o by_o chimtam_n who_o be_v the_o founder_n thereof_o and_o who_o arrive_v at_o the_o empire_n 1776_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o jesus_n christ._n in_o fine_a a_o discourse_n be_v there_o make_v of_o the_o three_o family_n wherein_o be_v chief_o relate_v what_o be_v say_v or_o do_v most_o remarkable_a under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o five_o first_o prince_n and_o of_o the_o twelve_o there_o be_v represent_v the_o history_n of_o vuvam_n who_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o this_o three_o family_n and_o the_o lucubration_n and_o instruction_n of_o the_o illustrious_a cheucum_fw-la the_o brother_n of_o this_o emperor_n who_o be_v a_o prince_n high_o esteem_v both_o for_o his_o virtue_n and_o extraordinary_a prudence_n this_o whole_a volume_n not_o to_o multiply_v word_n be_v only_o a_o historical_a relation_n and_o collection_n of_o moral_a maxim_n of_o harangue_n speak_v by_o prince_n of_o sentence_n utter_v by_o the_o mouth_n of_o king_n and_o particular_a person_n and_o of_o precept_n and_o council_n give_v to_o prince_n wherein_o so_o much_o prudence_n policy_n wisdom_n and_o religion_n be_v â—et_a â—orth_n that_o they_o may_v be_v give_v to_o all_o christian_a prince_n the_o second_o volume_n which_o be_v proper_o a_o recital_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o ordinance_n of_o almost_o twelve_o king_n be_v entitle_v xi_o kiâ—_n it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o ode_n and_o several_a other_o little_a poem_n of_o this_o nature_n for_o music_n be_v great_o esteem_v and_o much_o use_v in_o china_n and_o whatever_o be_v publish_v in_o this_o volume_n have_v respect_n only_o to_o the_o purity_n of_o manner_n and_o practise_v of_o virtue_n those_o that_o write_v it_o compose_v it_o in_o verse_n to_o the_o end_n that_o every_o one_o be_v enable_v to_o sing_v the_o thing_n therein_o contain_v they_o may_v be_v in_o every_o one_o mouth_n virtue_n be_v there_o magnify_v and_o extol_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n and_o there_o be_v so_o many_o thing_n express_v after_o a_o method_n so_o grave_a and_o wise_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a not_o to_o admire_v they_o it_o be_v very_o true_a that_o therein_o be_v contain_v thing_n very_o ridiculous_a extravagant_a hyperbole_n in_o â—avour_n of_o certain_a prince_n and_o murmur_n and_o repine_n against_o god_n and_o heaven_n but_o the_o most_o judicious_a interpreter_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o all_o this_o be_v suspicious_a that_o those_o to_o who_o they_o be_v attribute_v be_v not_o the_o author_n that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v credit_v as_o be_v since_o add_v indeed_o the_o other_o ancient_a ode_n they_o say_v contain_v nothing_o ridiculous_a extravagant_a or_o criminal_a as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n of_o câ—nfucius_n the_o whole_a doctrine_n of_o the_o three_o hundred_o poem_n be_v reduce_v to_o these_o few_o word_n sum_z vu_z siâ—_n which_o import_n that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o think_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v wicked_a or_o impure_a the_o three_o volume_n be_v call_v you_o kim_n in_o this_o volume_n which_o be_v the_o ancient_a if_o it_o may_v be_v call_v a_o volume_n nothing_o but_o obscurity_n and_o darkness_n be_v observe_v fohi_n have_v no_o soon_o found_v his_o empire_n than_o he_o give_v instruction_n to_o the_o chinese_n but_o the_o use_n of_o character_n and_o write_v be_v unknown_a this_o prince_n who_o can_v not_o teach_v thâ—m_o all_o with_o his_o voice_n and_o who_o be_v moreover_o employ_v in_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o grow_a monarchy_n after_o a_o long_a and_o serious_a consideration_n think_v at_o last_o upon_o make_v a_o tablâ—_n compose_v of_o some_o little_a line_n which_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o describe_v the_o chineses_n be_v as_o yet_o dull_a and_o rustic_a it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o prince_n labour_v in_o vain_a and_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o accomplish_v his_o design_n by_o the_o clear_a and_o easy_a explication_n which_o he_o himself_o give_v for_o the_o understanding_n of_o these_o line_n it_o happen_v at_o least_o insensible_o that_o this_o table_n become_v useless_a for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o after_o his_o death_n nothing_o can_v make_v use_n thereof_o two_o thousand_o year_n â—rom_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o monarchy_n be_v near_o elapse_v no_o one_o be_v able_a any_o way_n to_o decipher_v this_o mysterious_a table_n when_o at_o last_o a_o oâ—depus_n be_v see_v to_o appear_v it_o be_v a_o prince_n name_v venvam_fw-la this_o prince_n endeavour_v to_o penetrate_v the_o sense_n of_o these_o line_n by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o which_o he_o dispose_v after_o different_a way_n they_o be_v new_a aenigma_n his_o son_n viz._n cheucum_fw-la attempt_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o have_v not_o the_o good_a fortune_n better_o to_o succeed_v in_o brief_a five_o hundred_o year_n after_o appear_v confucius_n who_o endeavour_v to_o untie_v this_o gordius_n knot_n he_o explain_v according_a to_o his_o understanding_n the_o little_a line_n of_o the_o founder_n with_o the_o interpretation_n that_o have_v be_v make_v before_o he_o and_o refer_v all_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o being_n and_o element_n to_o the_o manner_n and_o discipline_n of_o men._n it_o be_v true_a that_o confucius_n be_v arrive_v at_o a_o more_o advance_a age_n acknowledge_v his_o mistake_n and_o design_v to_o make_v new_a commentary_n on_o this_o enigmatical_a work_n but_o death_n hinder_v he_o from_o fulfil_v his_o resolution_n to_o the_o four_o volume_n confuciuâ—_n have_v give_v the_o title_n of_o chun_n cieâ—_n word_n which_o signify_v the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n he_o compose_v it_o in_o his_o old_a age._n he_o discourse_v like_o a_o historian_n of_o the_o expedition_n of_o divers_a prince_n of_o theiâ—_n virtue_n and_o vice_n of_o the_o fatigue_n they_o undergo_v with_o the_o recompense_n they_o receive_v confucius_n design_v to_o this_o four_o volume_n the_o title_n of_o spring_n and_o autumn_n which_o be_v a_o emblematical_a title_n because_o that_o state_n flourish_v when_o their_o prince_n be_v endow_v with_o virtue_n and_o wisdom_n which_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o spring_n and_o that_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o fall_v like_o the_o leave_n and_o be_v utter_o destroy_v when_o their_o prince_n be_v dispirited_a oâ—_n be_v wicked_a which_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o autumn_n the_o five_o volume_n entitle_v li_n ki_v or_o memoires_n of_o riâ—es_n and_o duty_n be_v compose_v of_o two_o book_n the_o matter_n of_o which_o be_v extract_v by_o confucius_n out_o of_o several_a other_o book_n and_o of_o various_a monument_n of_o antiquity_n but_o about_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o all_o the_o copy_n of_o this_o work_n be_v burn_v by_o the_o command_n of_o a_o cruel_a emperor_n call_v xihoamti_n and_o this_o loss_n
we_o will_v give_v you_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o chinese_n to_o place_v sick_a person_n bed_n on_o the_o north-side_n but_o because_o that_o this_o situation_n be_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o king_n bed_n when_o a_o king_n visit_v a_o sick_a person_n the_o bed_n be_v remove_v to_o the_o southside_n and_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n not_o to_o do_v it_o confucius_n have_v some_o disciple_n that_o in_o their_o sickness_n render_v he_o such_o a_o homage_n we_o must_v not_o here_o forget_v one_o very_o remarkable_a thing_n which_o the_o chineses_n relate_v they_o report_v that_o confucius_n be_v use_v continual_o to_o say_v that_o the_o holy_a man_n be_v in_o the_o west_n whatever_o his_o thought_n be_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o sixty_o and_o five_o year_n after_o christ_n birth_n the_o emperor_n mimti_n excite_v by_o the_o philosopher_n word_n and_o much_o more_o as_o it_o be_v say_v by_o the_o image_n of_o the_o holy_a hero_n that_o appear_v to_o he_o in_o a_o dream_n send_v two_o ambassador_n into_o the_o west_n there_o to_o find_v out_o the_o saint_n and_o holy_a law_n but_o these_o ambassador_n land_v at_o a_o certain_a island_n not_o far_o from_o the_o red-sea_n and_o not_o dare_v to_o venture_v far_o they_o advise_v about_o take_v a_o certain_a idol_n they_o find_v there_o which_o be_v the_o statue_n of_o a_o philosopher_n call_v foe_n kiao_n that_o have_v appear_v in_o the_o indies_n about_o five_o hundred_o year_n before_o confucius_n and_o bring_v into_o china_n fohi_n idol_n with_o the_o doctrine_n which_o he_o have_v teach_v happy_a have_v be_v their_o embassy_n if_o instead_o of_o this_o doctrine_n they_o have_v return_v into_o their_o own_o country_n with_o the_o save_a doctrine_n of_o jesus_n christ_n which_o st._n thomas_n then_o preach_v in_o the_o indies_n but_o this_o divine_a light_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o reach_v thither_o from_o this_o unhappy_a time_n the_o generality_n of_o the_o chineses_n have_v follow_v after_o idol_n and_o superstition_n and_o idolatry_n daily_o make_v new_a progress_n they_o by_o little_a and_o little_o forsake_v the_o doctrine_n of_o their_o master_n have_v neglect_v the_o excellent_a instruction_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o in_o fine_a be_v grow_v contemner_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o religion_n they_o be_v fall_v headlong_o into_o atheism_n they_o can_v not_o indeed_o do_v otherwise_o in_o follow_v â—he_v execrable_a doctrine_n of_o that_o impostor_n fohi_n who_o teach_v that_o the_o principle_n and_o end_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v nothing_o to_o return_v to_o conâ—ucius_n who_o doctrine_n be_v so_o repugnant_a to_o that_o of_o fohi_n and_o his_o follower_n this_o illustrious_a philosopher_n who_o be_v so_o necessary_a and_o helpful_a to_o his_o country_n die_v in_o the_o 73_o year_n of_o his_o age_n a_o little_a before_o the_o sickness_n which_o snatch_v he_o from_o the_o câ—ineses_n he_o with_o great_a bitterness_n of_o spirit_n lament_v the_o disorder_n of_o his_o time_n and_o express_v his_o thought_n and_o grief_n by_o a_o verse_n which_o may_v be_v thus_o translate_v o_o great_a mountain_n he_o mean_v his_o doctrine_n o_o great_a mountain_n what_o be_v thou_o become_v this_o important_a machine_n be_v subvert_v alas_o there_o be_v no_o more_o wise-man_n no_o more_o saint_n this_o reflection_n so_o grievous_o afflict_v he_o that_o he_o present_o languish_v and_o seven_o day_n before_o his_o death_n turn_v towards_o his_o disciple_n after_o have_v testify_v his_o regret_n and_o trouble_n to_o see_v that_o king_n who_o good_a conduct_n be_v so_o necessary_a and_o of_o such_o great_a importance_n will_v not_o observe_v his_o maxim_n and_o instruction_n he_o dolourous_o subjoin_v see_v that_o thing_n go_v thus_o nothing_o more_o remain_v than_o to_o die_v he_o have_v no_o sooner_o utter_v these_o word_n but_o he_o fall_v into_o a_o lethargy_n which_o end_v with_o his_o death_n confucius_n be_v bury_v in_o his_o own_o country_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lu._n whither_o he_o be_v retire_v with_o his_o dear_a disciple_n for_o his_o sepulchre_n they_o choose_v a_o place_n near_o the_o city_n of_o kâ—oseu_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n su_n in_o that_o very_a academy_n where_o he_o use_v to_o teach_v and_o which_o be_v at_o present_a see_v environ_v with_o wall_n like_o a_o considerable_a city_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o express_v the_o affliction_n which_o the_o death_n of_o this_o philosopher_n cause_v to_o his_o disciple_n they_o bitter_o bewail_v he_o they_o put_v on_o mourn_a weed_n and_o be_v under_o such_o great_a anguish_n that_o they_o neglect_v the_o care_n of_o their_o nourishment_n and_o their_o life_n never_o be_v a_o good_a father_n more_o regret_v by_o dutiful_a and_o well-bred_a child_n than_o confucius_n be_v by_o his_o disciple_n they_o be_v all_o in_o mourn_v and_o tear_n a_o whole_a year_n some_o three_o year_n and_o there_o be_v one_o who_o be_v more_o true_o sensible_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o loss_n they_o have_v undergo_v stir_v not_o for_o six_o year_n from_o the_o place_n where_o his_o master_n have_v be_v bury_v in_o all_o the_o city_n there_o be_v see_v magnificent_a college_n which_o be_v build_v in_o honour_n of_o confucius_n with_o these_o and_o other_o such_o like_a inscription_n write_v in_o character_n of_o gold_n to_o the_o great_a master_n to_o the_o illustrious_a king_n of_o the_o learned_a to_o the_o saint_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n among_o the_o chinese_n to_o he_o that_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o extraordinary_a wisdom_n and_o although_o it_o be_v two_o thousand_o year_n since_o this_o philosopher_n decease_n they_o have_v so_o great_a a_o veneration_n foâ—_n his_o memory_n that_o the_o magistrate_n never_o pass_v by_o these_o college_n without_o stop_v their_o stately_a palankins_n wherein_o they_o be_v carry_v for_o distinction_n sake_n they_o alight_v and_o after_o some_o few_o moment_n prostration_n do_v march_v a_o little_a way_n on_o foot_n there_o be_v even_a emperor_n and_o king_n who_o disdain_v not_o sometime_o to_o visit_v these_o edifice_n where_o the_o title_n of_o this_o philosopher_n be_v engrave_v and_o to_o perform_v it_o after_o a_o glorious_a manner_n behold_v the_o exceed_o remarkable_a word_n of_o the_o emperor_n yumlo_n who_o be_v the_o three_o emperor_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n call_v mim_n he_o pronounce_v they_o onâ—_n day_n when_o he_o be_v dispose_v to_o go_v to_o one_o of_o these_o college_n already_o mention_v i_o adore_v the_o master_n of_o king_n and_o emperor_n emperor_n and_o king_n be_v lord_n and_o master_n of_o their_o people_n but_o confucius_n have_v propose_v the_o true_a mâ—thods_n of_o govern_v these_o very_a people_n and_o of_o instruct_v the_o age_n to_o come_v it_o be_v therefore_o convenient_a that_o i_o go_v to_o the_o great_a college_n and_o there_o offer_v some_o present_n to_o this_o great_a master_n who_o be_v no_o more_o to_o the_o end_n that_o i_o may_v show_v how_o much_o i_o honour_v the_o learned_a and_o how_o great_o i_o esteem_v their_o doctrine_n these_o extraordinary_a mark_n of_o veneration_n do_v intimate_v that_o the_o virtue_n and_o merit_n of_o this_o philosopher_n have_v be_v extraordinary_a and_o certain_o this_o excellent_a man_n be_v also_o endow_v with_o admirable_a qualification_n he_o have_v a_o aspect_n both_o grave_n and_o modest_a he_o be_v faithful_a â—ust_z cheerful_a civil_a courteous_a affable_a and_o a_o certain_a serenity_n which_o appear_v in_o his_o countenance_n gain_v he_o the_o heart_n and_o respect_n of_o all_o those_o that_o behold_v he_o he_o speak_v little_a and_o meditate_a much_o he_o eager_o pursue_v his_o sâ—udy_n without_o tire_v his_o spirit_n he_o contemn_v riches_n and_o honour_n when_o they_o be_v obstacle_n to_o his_o design_n his_o whole_a delight_n be_v in_o teach_v and_o make_v his_o doctrine_n savoury_a to_o many_o he_o be_v severe_a to_o himself_o than_o other_o he_o have_v a_o continual_a circumspection_n over_o himself_o and_o be_v a_o rigid_a censurer_n of_o his_o own_o conduct_n he_o blame_v himself_o for_o not_o be_v assiduous_a enough_o in_o instruct_v for_o not_o show_v vigilance_n enough_o in_o correct_v his_o own_o fault_n and_o for_o not_o exercise_v himself_o as_o he_o ought_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o virtue_n in_o fine_a he_o have_v one_o virtue_n rare_o find_v in_o great_a man_n viz._n humility_n for_o he_o not_o only_o speak_v with_o a_o extreme_a modesty_n of_o himself_o and_o what_o concern_v he_o but_o he_o with_o a_o singular_a sincerity_n declare_v to_o the_o whole_a world_n that_o he_o cease_v not_o to_o learn_v and_o that_o the_o doctrine_n he_o teach_v be_v not_o his_o own_o but_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o ancient_n but_o his_o book_n be_v his_o true_a pourtraicture_n which_o in_o this_o place_n we_o proceed_v to_o expose_v to_o view_v the_o second_o part._n a_o collection_n out_o of_o