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and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o end_n of_o its_o nose_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o tail._n it_o exceed_v not_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o height_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o back_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o fore-claw_n the_o tail_n be_v but_o eight_o inch_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o all_o its_o exterior_a figure_n which_o be_v not_o in_o a_o cat_n save_v that_o its_o tail_n be_v not_o long_a enough_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n who_o bulk_n do_v indeed_o surpass_v that_o of_o the_o large_a cat_n but_o be_v also_o much_o inferior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o leopard_n and_o panther_n it_o have_v no_o long_a and_o slender_a neck_n like_o those_o animal_n it_o be_v on_o the_o contrary_a in_o some_o sort_n short_a than_o the_o cat_n which_o we_o find_v to_o proceed_v in_o some_o measure_n from_o its_o extraordinary_a fatness_n but_o in_o this_o it_o seem_v to_o we_o repugnant_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o leopard_n which_o according_a to_o galen_n 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of_o dog_n the_o lung_n have_v six_o lobe_n three_o on_o the_o right_a side_n two_o on_o the_o left_a and_o another_o little_a one_o which_o be_v in_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la near_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n that_o which_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o the_o heart_n be_v that_o the_o left_a auricle_n be_v large_a than_o the_o right_n which_o be_v likewise_o see_v in_o some_o other_o animal_n but_o not_o in_o man_n who_o on_o the_o contrary_n have_v the_o right_a auricle_n of_o the_o heart_n big_a than_o the_o left_a we_o the_o more_o careful_o seek_v after_o the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_n which_o several_a modern_a author_n have_v aver_v to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o amphibious_a animal_n and_o even_o in_o man_n who_o do_v often_o dive_v and_o swim_v a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o water_n but_o what_o exactness_n soever_o we_o use_v in_o the_o search_n we_o can_v not_o discover_v that_o hole_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o our_o castor_n it_o be_v true_a that_o as_o it_o have_v be_v several_a year_n pen_v up_o at_o versailles_n without_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o go_v into_o the_o water_n it_o may_v be_v that_o this_o hole_n be_v close_v up_o even_o as_o it_o happen_v to_o the_o foetus_fw-la after_o it_o be_v bear_v and_o have_v breathe_v sometime_o indeed_o it_o seem_v that_o in_o this_o place_n there_o have_v former_o be_v a_o hole_n which_o be_v since_o grow_v up_o under_o the_o vena_fw-la coronaria_fw-la we_o find_v the_o valve_n call_v noble_a which_o fill_v the_o whole_a trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la and_o which_o be_v so_o dispose_v that_o the_o blood_n may_v easy_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o liver_n to_o the_o heart_n by_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la but_o which_o be_v hinder_v from_o descend_v from_o the_o heart_n towards_o the_o liver_n through_o the_o same_o vein_n the_o heart_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o
after_o the_o manner_n of_o all_o the_o cleave_a footed_a quadruped_n of_o barbary_n which_o we_o have_v dissect_v it_o exceed_v not_o thirteen_o inch_n in_o length_n comprehend_v a_o tuft_n of_o black_a hair_n three_o inch_n long_o which_o it_o have_v at_o its_o extremity_n the_o ear_n be_v seat_v not_o at_o top_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o underneath_o the_o horn_n as_o in_o cow_n but_o more_o backward_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n they_o be_v like_a to_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o gazella_n be_v cover_v in_o the_o inside_n with_o a_o white_a hair_n in_o some_o place_n the_o rest_n be_v bald_a and_o discover_v a_o skin_n perfect_o black_a and_o smooth_a the_o eye_n be_v so_o high_a and_o so_o near_o the_o horn_n that_o the_o head_n seem_v to_o have_v almost_o no_o forehead_n the_o teat_n be_v very_o little_a very_o short_a and_o only_o two_o in_o number_n which_o render_v they_o different_a from_o those_o of_o cow_n the_o shoulder_n be_v very_o high_a make_v a_o bunch_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o back_n there_o be_v another_o bunch_n opposite_a to_o this_o of_o the_o back_n viz._n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sternum_n like_v as_o in_o the_o camel._n we_o find_v that_o all_o the_o particular_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o animal_n be_v see_v in_o the_o bubalus_n which_o aldrovandus_n describe_v and_o the_o figure_n of_o which_o be_v send_v he_o by_o horatius_n fontana_n there_o be_v only_o the_o bunch_n of_o the_o sternum_n which_o neither_o aldrovandus_n nor_o fontana_n do_v speak_v of_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o animal_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o bubalus_n of_o the_o ancient_n than_o the_o little_a african_a ox_n which_o belonius_a describe_v for_o aristotle_n compare_v the_o bubalus_n to_o the_o stagg_n aelian_a report_n that_o it_o be_v very_o nimble_a footed_a oppian_n attribute_n to_o it_o horn_n bend_v backward_o and_o pliny_n averr_v that_o it_o altogether_o resemble_v a_o calf_n and_o a_o stagg_n but_o there_o be_v not_o find_v any_o of_o these_o mark_n in_o the_o animal_n which_o belonius_a describe_v and_o they_o all_o occur_v in_o the_o animal_n which_o we_o speak_v of_o as_o may_v be_v easy_o demonstrate_v if_o reflection_n be_v make_v on_o all_o the_o particular_n before_o remarque_v but_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o belonius_a be_v deceive_v in_o attribute_v to_o his_o little_a ox_n the_o name_n of_o bubalus_n see_v that_o pliny_n testify_v that_o even_a in_o his_o time_n this_o word_n and_o appellation_n be_v very_o equivocal_a and_o that_o it_o be_v give_v to_o animal_n which_o have_v no_o similitude_n with_o the_o bubalus_n as_o for_o the_o inward_a part_n the_o epiploon_n enclose_v and_o cover_v the_o ventricles_n it_o be_v compose_v of_o a_o membrane_n very_o thin_a but_o continue_v and_o not_o pierce_v the_o vessel_n be_v include_v in_o a_o thick_a caul_n its_o ligature_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o two_o last_o ventricles_n viz._n from_o the_o pylorus_n to_o the_o second_o ventricle_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n which_o touch_v the_o diaphragme_n and_o from_o thence_o it_o extend_v over_o the_o two_o first_o by_o bend_v itself_o towards_o the_o left_a side_n the_o ventricles_n be_v in_o number_n four_o the_o first_o and_o great_a be_v velvete_v with_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o small_a teat_n which_o make_v the_o exterior_a surface_n of_o the_o internal_a membrane_n of_o this_o ventricle_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o generality_n of_o other_o animal_n which_o chew_v the_o cud_n but_o this_o membrane_n be_v easy_o separable_a from_o the_o external_a as_o in_o the_o gazella_n the_o second_o ventricle_n have_v its_o internal_a membrane_n in_o form_n of_o network_n and_o this_o network_n as_o in_o sheep_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o fold_n of_o this_o membrane_n which_o be_v loose_a than_o the_o external_a and_o these_o fold_n be_v of_o different_a figure_n some_o triangular_a other_o square_a and_o other_o pentagonal_a the_o three_o as_o usual_a have_v its_o internal_a membrane_n much_o loose_a than_o the_o second_o and_o the_o fold_n which_o it_o have_v be_v more_o raise_v but_o they_o be_v all_o range_v long-wise_a make_v as_o it_o be_v leaf_n indent_v the_o four_o which_o alone_o be_v great_a than_o the_o second_o and_o three_o together_o be_v likewise_o fill_v with_o leave_n but_o they_o be_v without_o indenture_n and_o their_o situation_n be_v transverse_a as_o it_o be_v to_o stop_v and_o retain_v the_o nourishment_n a_o long_a time_n such_o a_o structure_n have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o sea-fox_n where_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o intestine_a be_v interrupt_v by_o membrane_n transvers_o situate_v and_o dispose_v like_o a_o snailshell_n or_o newel_n of_o a_o wind_a staircase_n and_o this_o very_a transverse_a situation_n of_o leaves_n have_v be_v find_v in_o the_o coecum_fw-la of_o ape_n in_o the_o colon_n of_o hare_n and_o rabit_n in_o the_o colon_n and_o two_o caecum_n of_o ostrich_n and_o in_o the_o jejunum_n of_o man_n the_o colour_n of_o this_o last_o ventricle_n be_v very_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o other_o be_v of_o a_o very_a darkred_a the_o intestine_n be_v all_o together_o seventy_o and_o eight_o foot_n the_o caecum_fw-la be_v eighteen_o inch_n long_o and_o three_o broad_a it_o have_v a_o nervous_a ligament_n which_o nevertheless_o cause_v not_o any_o cell_n the_o pancreas_n be_v fasten_v along_o the_o little_a ventricles_n the_o spleen_n be_v ten_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o four_o in_o breadth_n it_o be_v half_o join_v to_o the_o ventricle_n the_o liver_n be_v round_o and_o without_o lobe_n be_v only_o a_o little_a cleave_v before_o and_o behind_o in_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n there_o be_v observe_v little_a membrane_n in_o form_n of_o valve_n which_o half_o cover_v the_o hole_n of_o the_o branch_n which_o do_v carry_v the_o blood_n from_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o porta_n into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o liver_n to_o hinder_v it_o from_o return_v into_o the_o trunk_n these_o valve_n which_o have_v not_o be_v yet_o see_v in_o the_o liver_n of_o any_o animal_n be_v very_o favourable_a to_o the_o pulsation_n which_o glisson_n attribute_n to_o the_o branch_n which_o the_o porta_n cast_v into_o the_o liver_n for_o this_o pulsation_n which_o he_o think_v to_o be_v communicate_v to_o they_o by_o the_o artery_n which_o be_v join_v and_o fasten_v to_o they_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o capsula_fw-la which_o enclose_v the_o vein_n with_o the_o artery_n this_o capsula_fw-la have_v a_o particular_a motion_n of_o constriction_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o conceive_v without_o these_o valve_n it_o be_v hard_o for_o the_o blood_n lock_v up_o in_o these_o vein_n to_o form_v any_o pulsation_n when_o it_o be_v strike_v by_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o neighbour_a artery_n if_o not_o enclose_v and_o retain_v by_o some_o adjoin_a obstacle_n such_o as_o be_v that_o of_o the_o valve_n otherwise_o it_o will_v necessary_o flow_v back_o into_o the_o trunk_n and_o branch_n which_o do_v convey_v the_o blood_n thither_o for_o the_o impetuosity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o this_o blood_n towards_o the_o trunk_n can_v supply_v this_o obstacle_n as_o glisson_n pretend_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o tunicle_n of_o the_o vein_n which_o do_v bring_v this_o blood_n into_o the_o trunk_n for_o these_o vein_n will_v have_v more_o need_n of_o a_o capsula_fw-la to_o be_v strengthen_v than_o the_o branch_n which_o be_v in_o the_o liver_n the_o parenchyma_n whereof_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o strengthen_v they_o so_o that_o it_o seem_v that_o for_o want_n of_o these_o valve_n the_o beat_n will_v be_v much_o great_a in_o the_o branch_n which_o do_v convey_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n than_o in_o those_o which_o do_v distribute_v it_o into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o liver_n and_o that_o this_o beat_n must_v be_v as_o contrary_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o these_o branch_n as_o advantageous_a to_o that_o which_o must_v be_v distribute_v in_o the_o liver_n the_o gallbladder_n be_v at_o the_o extremity_n and_o on_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o hollow_a part_n on_o the_o right_a side_n it_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o liver_n by_o its_o internal_a half_n and_o the_o membrane_n which_o make_v the_o outward_a half_n be_v thin_a fine_a and_o all_o fold_a be_v entire_o void_a of_o gall._n the_o lung_n have_v seven_o lobe_n the_o five_o upper_a one_o be_v small_a the_o two_o lower_v contain_v nine_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o five_o in_o breadth_n they_o be_v fasten_v to_o each_o other_o towards_o the_o middle_n by_o a_o membranous_a ligament_n half_a a_o inch_n broad_a and_o two_o three_o of_o a_o inch_n long_o the_o ring_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la which_o be_v imperfect_a do_v leave_v the_o space_n of_o a_o finger_n breadth_n
brush_n to_o clean_a their_o clothes_n the_o liver_n have_v seven_o lobe_n one_o of_o which_o be_v divide_v in_o two_o the_o gallbladder_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o two_o upper_a lobe_n which_o be_v the_o great_a it_o be_v form_n be_v ovale_n it_o be_v eight_o line_n long_o very_o full_a and_o bluish_a the_o venae_fw-la lacteae_fw-la be_v white_a and_o very_a apparent_a in_o the_o mesentery_n and_o the_o receptacle_n of_o the_o chyle_n be_v great_a ample_a and_o full_a the_o spleen_n be_v lay_v on_o the_o ventricle_n to_o which_o it_o be_v fasten_v by_o twelve_o branch_n from_o the_o vas_n breve_fw-la it_o be_v long_a and_o cut_v like_o a_o cock_n comb._n the_o pancreas_n to_o which_o it_o be_v fasten_v have_v the_o same_o form_n it_o differ_v therfrom_o only_o in_o colour_n the_o pancreas_n be_v whitish_a and_o the_o spleen_n of_o a_o blackish_a red._n the_o intestine_n be_v all_o alike_o in_o substance_n and_o thickness_n there_o be_v no_o caecum_fw-la they_o contain_v all_o together_o four_o foot_n in_o length_n the_o kidney_n be_v a_o inch_n long_a and_o eight_o line_n broad_a they_o be_v of_o a_o olive_n colour_n the_o right_a be_v situate_v high_a that_o the_o left_a the_o bladder_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a and_o a_o inch_n broad_a in_o the_o male_a the_o testicle_n be_v in_o the_o belly_n which_o according_a to_o aristotle_n be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o hedgehog_n which_o among_o all_o quadruped_n that_o do_v engender_v a_o perfect_a and_o live_a animal_n be_v the_o only_a one_o who_o testicle_n be_v enclose_v in_o it_o as_o in_o bird_n these_o testicle_n have_v a_o very_a large_a epididymis_fw-la which_o receive_v the_o vasa_n spermatica_fw-la praeparantia_fw-la divide_v into_o four_o branch_n and_o which_o be_v separately_z insert_v into_o they_o from_o the_o basis_n to_o the_o great_a half_n of_o their_o length_n this_o epididymis_fw-la be_v not_o separate_v from_o the_o testicle_n as_o in_o the_o porcupine_n but_o be_v thereto_o fasten_v all_o its_o length_n the_o vasa_n spermatica_fw-la deferentia_fw-la proceed_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o epididymis_fw-la the_o testicle_n and_o its_o vessel_n be_v tie_v and_o suspend_v by_o a_o ligament_n which_o may_v pass_v for_o a_o cremaster_fw-la because_o that_o it_o be_v a_o membrane_n which_o appear_v somewhat_o fleshy_a near_o the_o testicle_n the_o rest_n of_o this_o membrane_n be_v extend_v and_o enlarge_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o broad_a ligament_n of_o the_o uterus_fw-la it_o have_v a_o great_a many_o vessel_n of_o which_o two_o of_o the_o chief_n do_v make_v a_o very_a considerable_a anastomosis_n by_o cross_v one_o another_o in_o the_o middle_n they_o proceed_v from_o the_o vasa_n spermatica_fw-la praeparantia_fw-la as_o from_o their_o trunk_n and_o be_v distribute_v through_o this_o whole_a membrane_n extend_v like_o the_o wing_n of_o a_o bat_n as_o in_o the_o uterus_fw-la so_o that_o consider_v the_o greatness_n and_o number_n of_o these_o vessel_n which_o be_v not_o proportionate_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o nourishment_n which_o the_o membrane_n may_v require_v it_o may_v be_v probable_o think_v that_o the_o use_n of_o this_o structure_n be_v that_o the_o arteria_fw-la spermatica_fw-la may_v send_v to_o this_o membrane_n a_o part_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o it_o carry_v to_o the_o testicle_n to_o be_v prepare_v in_o this_o great_a number_n of_o branch_n in_o which_o the_o remainder_n that_o can_v be_v employ_v to_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o membrane_n seem_v to_o be_v sometime_o retain_v and_o perfect_v by_o this_o long_a retention_n to_o be_v enable_v afterward_o to_o reflow_v into_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o spermatick_a artery_n and_o to_o mingle_v with_o the_o blood_n which_o go_v into_o the_o testicle_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o oppose_v this_o reflux_n of_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o suppose_v the_o liberty_n into_o all_o the_o artery_n which_o upon_o this_o account_n be_v destitute_a of_o the_o valve_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o vein_n and_o the_o compression_n that_o the_o motion_n of_o respiration_n cause_n to_o all_o the_o viscera_n bâ—…ing_v a_o sufficient_a impulsive_a cause_n for_o this_o reflux_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n there_o be_v pouch_n of_o a_o substance_n partly_o glandulous_a partly_o membranous_a they_o be_v very_o yellow_a it_o be_v apparent_o the_o parastatae_fw-la the_o prostatae_fw-la be_v a_o little_a underneath_o of_o a_o extraordinary_a size_n even_o as_o the_o parastatae_fw-la in_o the_o female_a the_o uterus_fw-la be_v compose_v of_o a_o neck_n and_o two_o horn_n the_o neck_n be_v compose_v of_o two_o membrane_n the_o external_a be_v thick_a and_o fleshy_a the_o internal_a be_v thin_a membranous_a and_o nervous_a the_o horn_n be_v unequal_a the_o left_a being_n lesser_a than_o the_o right_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o foetus_fw-la the_o lung_n have_v five_o lobe_n viz._n three_o of_o a_o middle_a size_n at_o the_o right_a side_n and_o two_o on_o the_o left_a one_o of_o which_o be_v great_a and_o the_o other_o lesser_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n this_o little_a one_o which_o the_o cavitie_n of_o the_o mediastine_n enclose_v be_v fork_v at_o the_o end_n the_o heart_n be_v almost_o round_o the_o right_a auricle_n be_v of_o a_o red_a almost_o black._n the_o left_a be_v whitish_a the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n exceed_v not_o two_o line_n in_o diameter_n it_o have_v a_o internal_a eyelidd_o of_o the_o three_o humour_n of_o the_o eye_n there_o appear_v only_o the_o crystalline_a which_o fill_v up_o the_o whole_a globe_n without_o any_o appearance_n of_o the_o aqâ—…e_v we_o or_o vitreous_a humour_n the_o retina_fw-la do_v immediate_o touch_v the_o crystalline_a and_o as_o it_o be_v â—…tick_a to_o it_o on_o that_o side_n towards_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o eye_n as_o the_o cornea_n do_v cover_v and_o touch_v it_o before_o the_o uvea_o be_v all_o over_o black_a without_o the_o tapetum_fw-la it_o do_v not_o likewise_o make_v any_o fold_n on_o the_o forepart_n to_o form_v the_o iris_n so_o that_o the_o eye_n when_o the_o lid_n be_v open_a do_v appear_v all_o black._n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o two_o sapajous_a and_o two_o other_o monkey_n the_o low_a figure_n show_v how_o the_o hand_n and_o foot_n of_o the_o ape_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o hand_n and_o foot_n of_o man_n the_o thumb_n of_o the_o hand_n be_v small_a and_o the_o great_a toe_n of_o the_o foot_n very_o large_a and_o the_o other_o toe_n extraordinary_a long_o here_o be_v not_o describe_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o four_o ape_n which_o be_v the_o second_o sapajou_n because_o that_o it_o be_v whole_o like_a to_o that_o which_o be_v here_o represent_v except_o the_o nose_n which_o be_v long_a in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a._n the_o umbilical_a vein_n b_o b._n the_o two_o right_a lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n c_o c._n the_o two_o left_a lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n d._n the_o five_o cleave_v and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v two_o leave_n e._n the_o gallbladder_n f._n the_o ductus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la g_o g_o g._n the_o three_o ductus_fw-la hepatici_n 4._o 5._o 6._o three_o branch_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o first_o h._n the_o common_a ductus_fw-la i._o the_o ventricle_n k._n the_o spleen_n l._n the_o pancreas_n m._n the_o caecum_fw-la n._n the_o end_n of_o the_o ileum_n o._n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o colon._n p._n a_o gland_n fasten_v to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la q_o q._n two_o other_o gland_n fasten_v to_o the_o two_o iliack_a vein_n r_o r._n the_o testicle_n s_o s_o the_o glandulous_a prostate_n θ._n the_o bladder_n so_o turn_v upside_o down_o as_o to_o hide_v the_o penis_n t_o t._n the_o brain_n t_o t._n the_o back_n part_n of_o the_o brain_n without_o anfractuositys_n v._o the_o bladder_n in_o the_o natural_a situation_n and_o open_v to_o show_v the_o caruncle_n y_fw-fr and_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o prostate_n 3._o 3._o x_o x._o the_o 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so_o much_o thereof_o in_o one_o die_a animal_n the_o intestine_n be_v in_o all_o four_o foot_n eight_o inch_n long_o and_o two_o inch_n diameter_n they_o be_v all_o of_o one_o breadth_n and_o substance_n without_o leaf_n on_o the_o inside_n without_o cell_n and_o without_o a_o caecum_fw-la the_o liver_n be_v of_o a_o moderate_a size_n the_o right_a lobe_n be_v only_o eight_o inch_n and_o the_o leave_v four_o it_o be_v every_o where_o scirrhous_n the_o gall_n bladder_n which_o be_v fasten_v along_o the_o right_a lobe_n and_o shut_v up_o in_o the_o capsula_fw-la be_v seven_o inch_n long_o and_o a_o inch_n diameter_n at_o most_o the_o ductus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la which_o proceed_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bladder_n measure_v eight_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o be_v enlarge_v towards_o its_o insertion_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o duodenum_fw-la the_o hepaticus_fw-la be_v eight_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a and_o descend_v from_o left_a to_o right_v and_o the_o cysticus_fw-la from_o right_a to_o leave_v which_o make_v that_o these_o two_o ductus_n increase_v towards_o their_o low_a part_n the_o hepaticus_fw-la be_v insert_v underneath_o the_o cysticus_fw-la the_o spleen_n be_v three_o inch_n long_o and_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a at_o its_o great_a breadth_n it_o have_v the_o shape_n of_o a_o sole-fish_n its_o vessel_n be_v distribute_v as_o usual_o the_o pancreas_n be_v little_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o other_o part_n it_o be_v but_o two_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o two_o line_n in_o breadth_n it_o be_v ductus_fw-la which_o be_v very_o slender_a be_v but_o one_o line_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o be_v insert_v above_o the_o cysticus_fw-la the_o kidney_n as_o in_o other_o bird_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a lobe_n they_o measure_v eight_o inch_n in_o length_n the_o ureter_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o goose-quill_n and_o seven_o inch_n long_o the_o testicle_n be_v a_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o half_a a_o inch_n in_o breadth_n their_o substance_n be_v white_a and_o hard_a and_o much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o epididymis_fw-la which_o be_v soft_a and_o yellowish_a but_o the_o size_n be_v very_o extraordinary_a be_v three_o inch_n long_o and_o two_o line_n broad_a so_o that_o it_o be_v raise_v two_o inch_n above_o the_o testicle_n the_o ductus_fw-la deferens_fw-la descend_v along_o the_o kidney_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o vena_fw-la emulgens_fw-la and_o afterward_o unite_n itself_o to_o the_o ureter_n it_o be_v eleven_o inch_n long_o have_v the_o bigness_n of_o a_o quill_n the_o penis_n be_v place_v as_o in_o the_o ostrich_n it_o comprehend_v two_o inch_n in_o length_n a_o inch_n in_o breadth_n towards_o its_o basis_n and_o two_o line_n towards_o its_o point_n the_o skin_n which_o cover_v it_o be_v hard_a thick_a and_o unequal_a on_o the_o inside_n by_o reason_n of_o several_a fold_n which_o be_v dispose_v like_o a_o screw_n the_o body_n of_o the_o penis_n consist_v of_o two_o cartilaginous_a ligament_n which_o give_v a_o piramidal_a figure_n to_o the_o penis_n they_o be_v very_o hard_a and_o solid_a and_o strong_o connect_v to_o each_o other_o at_o the_o top_n they_o be_v separate_v underneath_o to_o give_v place_n to_o a_o membranous_a ductus_fw-la with_o which_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o the_o deferentia_fw-la or_o ureter_n have_v any_o communication_n the_o lung_n measure_v eight_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o four_o in_o breadth_n over_o their_o middle_n this_o bird_n be_v the_o large_a that_o we_o have_v dissect_v next_o the_o ostrich_n we_o apply_v ourselves_o to_o observe_v some_o thing_n which_o do_v appertain_v to_o the_o organ_n of_o respiration_n which_o have_v a_o particular_a structure_n in_o bird_n and_o which_o we_o begin_v to_o discover_v in_o the_o ostrich_n for_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o perceive_v well_o these_o thing_n in_o lesser_a bird_n among_o other_o thing_n we_o examine_v two_o muscle_n which_o we_o do_v call_v the_o 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have_v penetrate_v the_o lung_n enter_v through_o the_o hole_n with_o which_o this_o aponeurosis_n be_v pierce_v and_o these_o bladder_n be_v again_o cover_v over_o by_o the_o diaphragme_n even_o as_o the_o lung_n be_v by_o the_o aponeurosis_n so_o that_o the_o bladder_n be_v shut_v up_o between_o the_o aponeurosis_n and_o the_o rib_n this_o aponeurosis_n thus_o lay_v upon_o the_o lung_n go_v to_o join_v itself_o with_o the_o aponeurosis_n of_o the_o opposite_a muscle_n on_o the_o vertebra_n to_o which_o it_o be_v also_o strong_o connect_v leave_v nevertheless_o upon_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vertebra_n a_o void_a space_n for_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o descendent_a aorta_fw-mi and_o oesophagus_n at_o the_o same_o place_n where_o these_o aponeurosis_n be_v connect_v together_o and_o fasten_v to_o the_o vertebra_n the_o diaphragme_n be_v also_o join_v and_o unite_v to_o the_o aponeurosis_n but_o towards_o the_o left_a side_n they_o give_v way_n to_o a_o great_a branch_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi which_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o caeliaca_n and_o mesenterica_fw-la this_o branch_n be_v creep_v between_o all_o these_o aponeurosis_n as_o well_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n as_o of_o the_o diaphragme_n which_o be_v join_v together_o the_o use_n of_o these_o muscle_n according_a to_o our_o conjecture_n be_v twofold_a the_o first_o be_v to_o serve_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o thorax_n by_o draw_v it_o downward_o because_o that_o they_o do_v go_v from_o the_o angle_n which_o the_o rib_n make_v by_o their_o mutual_a articulation_n and_o do_v oblique_o ascend_v towards_o the_o inferior_a vertebra_n of_o the_o back_n to_o which_o they_o be_v fasten_v the_o second_o use_n be_v to_o retain_v the_o air_n lock_v up_o in_o the_o pouch_n or_o bladder_n and_o hinder_v it_o from_o go_v out_o with_o the_o same_o liberty_n that_o it_o enter_v in_o the_o use_n of_o this_o retention_n be_v not_o well_o know_v to_o we_o at_o least_o in_o respect_n of_o 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out_o and_o make_v it_o pass_v into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n it_o may_v be_v again_o imagine_v that_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o tortoise_n and_o other_o animal_n who_o lung_n be_v absolute_o membranous_a not_o have_v their_o wall_n solid_a like_o those_o of_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o dog_n wherein_o the_o blood_n have_v no_o free_a passage_n from_o one_o ventricle_n to_o the_o other_o but_o across_o the_o lung_n but_o that_o be_v porous_a in_o all_o their_o substance_n and_o also_o open_a one_o into_o the_o other_o by_o very_o large_a hole_n it_o must_v not_o be_v think_v strange_a that_o although_o the_o lung_n remain_v immovable_a whether_o blow_v up_o or_o sink_v the_o circulation_n be_v not_o hinder_v and_o that_o in_o these_o animal_n it_o be_v always_o perform_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o foetus_fw-la because_o that_o in_o the_o foetus_fw-la as_o in_o these_o animal_n the_o lung_n receive_v the_o blood_n only_o for_o their_o 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substance_n in_o the_o gizzard_n of_o the_o ostrich_n wear_v not_o corrode_v 225_o structure_n of_o the_o hand_n and_o foot_n describe_v 43_o succenturiatus_fw-la very_o large_a in_o the_o porcupine_n 150_o sweet-smells_a unpleasant_a to_o country_n people_n 104_o t_o tail_n of_o the_o castor_n like_o a_o fish_n 85._o 90_o of_o bird_n of_o what_o use_n 220_o of_o the_o tortoise_n very_o strong_a 254_o talon_n of_o the_o bustard_n solid_a 198_o two_o teat_n in_o the_o barbary-cow_n 127_o tooth_n of_o the_o sea-colf_a like_o a_o wolf_n be_v 122_o of_o the_o sea-fox_n two_o row_n on_o one_o side_n and_o but_o one_o on_o the_o other_o 70_o testicle_n of_o the_o coati_fw-la like_o a_o dog._n 117_o of_o the_o eagle_n as_o small_a as_o a_o pea._n 187_o in_o a_o female_a demoiselle_fw-fr but_o without_o epididymis_fw-la 209_o of_o the_o hedgehog_n in_o the_o belly_n 153_o of_o some_o monkey_n long_o and_o slender_a of_o other_o round_a 161_o thigh_n of_o the_o ostrich_n very_o large_a 223_o toe_n but_o three_o in_o the_o bustard_n 198_o but_o two_o in_o the_o ostrich_n 223_o and_o the_o little_a one_o without_o claw_n ib_a thorax_n of_o a_o bear_n large_a than_o a_o lion_n 45_o tongue_n of_o a_o chameleon_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a make_v etc._n etc._n 27._o 30_o of_o a_o cassowar_n like_o a_o cock's-comb_n 248_o of_o a_o cormorant_n double_a 137_o of_o a_o dromedary_n have_v asperity_n that_o turn_v outward_o 40_o of_o a_o eagle_n cartilaginous_a 187_o of_o a_o ostrich_n a_o little_a fork_a 222_o of_o a_o porcupine_n tooth_v 149_o of_o a_o sea-calf_n fork_a 123_o of_o the_o tortoise_n have_v ten_o muscle_n 266_o of_o the_o woodpecker_n how_o thrust_v out_o 30_o tortoise_n have_v no_o upper_a eyelid_n 254_o want_n the_o outward_a ear-hole_n yet_o have_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v 266_o alter_v his_o bulk_n in_o the_o water_n prove_v by_o a_o experiment_n 264_o tuft_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o lynx_n peculiar_a to_o that_o animal_n 76_o tusk_n of_o the_o coati_n sharp_a like_o a_o awl_n 116_o five_o valve_n in_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o venacava_a 89_o in_o the_o porta_n of_o the_o barbary-cow_n favour_v dr._n glissons_n hypoth_v 129_o in_o the_o jugular_n contrary_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n to_o the_o heart_n 172_o vein_n go_v to_o the_o papilla_fw-la of_o the_o gazella_n without_o send_v forth_o any_o branch_n but_o disapear_v at_o once_o 59_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la have_v two_o trunk_n in_o the_o tortoise_n 259_o gastrica_fw-la branch_n over_o the_o stomach_n 62_o vena_fw-la lactea_fw-la and_o receptaculum_fw-la chyli_n very_o white_a and_o visible_a in_o the_o hedgehog_n 153_o ventricle_n of_o ape_n differ_v from_o man_n in_o the_o pylorus_n 160_o four_o in_o the_o barbary-cow_n 128_o in_o the_o bear_n very_o small_a 45_o in_o the_o castor_n like_o a_o dog_n 88_o four_o in_o the_o cassowar_n 194_o in_o the_o cormorant_n glandulous_a within_o 136_o three_o in_o the_o chamois_n 143_o four_o in_o the_o dromedary_n 39_o four_o in_o the_o elk_n like_o a_o ox._n 111_o two_o in_o the_o gazella_n 57_o four_o in_o the_o hind_n 171_o of_o the_o lynx_n like_o a_o cat_n 78_o two_o in_o the_o parrot_n 201_o divide_v into_o 3_o in_o the_o porcupine_n 149_o but_o two_o visible_a in_o the_o stag._n 169_o in_o the_o sea-calf_n like_o a_o intestine_a 123_o longish_n in_o the_o sea-fox_n 70_o and_o liver_n and_o bladder_n very_o large_a in_o the_o tortoise_n 255_o three_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o tortoise_n open_a into_o one_o another_o 259_o voracious_a animal_n have_v small_a intestine_n 186_o vpper-lip_n of_o the_o chamois_v cleave_v as_o in_o hare_n 142_o of_o the_o elk_n very_o large_a 109_o upper_a eyelid_n of_o the_o tortoise_n want_v 254_o vitreous_a humour_n of_o the_o indian_a cock_n hard_a 194_o uterus_fw-la of_o the_o gazella_n have_v several_a papillae_fw-la on_o the_o inside_n 59_o of_o the_o lynx_n like_o a_o bitch_n 79_o of_o the_o monkey_n different_a from_o woman_n 161_o uvea_o cover_v by_o a_o thin_a transparent_a membrane_n 188_o uuula_fw-la only_o in_o ape_n or_o men._n 162_o w_n wing_n of_o the_o bustard_n short_a in_o comparison_n of_o its_o bulk_n 197_o and_o back_o dark_a part_n of_o the_o bird._n 198_o of_o bird_n reckon_v a_o wonder_n of_o nature_n by_o job._n 218_o describe_v 2â—…0_n finis_fw-la 28._o octobris_fw-la 1687._o imprimatur_fw-la libre_fw-la iste_fw-la cui_fw-la titulus_fw-la the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n john_n hoskyns_n v._o p._n r._n s._n the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o account_n of_o several_a observation_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n by_o divers_a member_n of_o the_o royal_a academy_n of_o science_n at_o paris_n translate_v out_o of_o the_o french_a by_o richard_n waller_n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n london_n print_v by_o r._n roberts_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o t._n basset_n at_o the_o george_n near_o temple-bar_n i._o robinson_n at_o the_o golden_a lion_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n b._n aylmer_n at_o the_o three_o pigeon_n over_o against_o the_o royal_a exchange_n i._o southby_n at_o the_o harrow_n in_o cornhill_n and_o w._n canning_n in_o the_o temple_n mdclxxxviii_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n article_n i._n the_o attempt_n to_o determine_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o new_a many_o ancient_a author_n have_v make_v themselves_o famous_a by_o this_o enquiry_n but_o the_o most_o memorable_a attempt_n for_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o the_o arabian_n thus_o record_v by_o their_o geographer_n a_o great_a face_n circle_n on_o the_o earth_n be_v divide_v into_o 360_o part_n as_o we_o also_o suppose_v those_o in_o the_o heaven_n ptolemy_n author_n of_o the_o almage_a and_o many_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v observe_v what_o space_n upon_o the_o earth_n contain_v one_o of_o these_o 360_o part_n or_o degree_n and_o have_v find_v it_o to_o contain_v 66â…”_n miles_n those_o which_o succeed_v they_o willing_a to_o satisfy_v themselves_o by_o their_o own_o experience_n meet_v by_o the_o order_n of_o almamon_n in_o the_o plain_n of_o sanjar_n and_o have_v take_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n they_o divide_v into_o two_o troop_n the_o one_o march_v as_o direct_o as_o be_v possible_a towards_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o south_n till_o the_o one_o find_v the_o pole_n one_o degree_n more_o and_o the_o other_o one_o degree_n less_o elevate_v then_o meet_v again_o at_o their_o first_o station_n to_o compare_v their_o observation_n they_o find_v the_o one_o have_v compute_v 56â…”_n miles_n but_o the_o other_o just_a 56._o but_o they_o agree_v to_o account_v 56â…”_n for_o one_o degree_n so_o that_o between_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o of_o these_o modern_n there_o be_v a_o difference_n of_o 10_o mile_n now_o ptolemy_n have_v establish_v the_o bigness_n of_o a_o degree_n 500_o stadia_fw-la for_o which_o the_o arab_n account_n 66â…”_n miles_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o arabian_a mile_n be_v equal_a to_o 7½_n stadia_fw-la but_o we_o be_v to_o seek_v what_o stadium_n ptolemy_n mean_v for_o if_o it_o be_v the_o greek_a eight_o of_o which_o make_v one_o ancient_a italian_a mile_n the_o proportion_n of_o the_o arabic_a mile_n so_o the_o italian_a will_v be_v as_o 15_o to_o 16_o and_o consequent_o the_o 56â…”_n miles_n find_v in_o a_o degree_n by_o the_o arab_n will_v make_v but_o 53_o â—…_n old_a italian_a miles_n but_o if_o more_o favourable_o to_o the_o arab_n we_o suppose_v which_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o the_o 500_o stadia_fw-la of_o ptolemy_n be_v the_o alexandrian_a big_a than_o the_o grecian_a according_a to_o the_o proportion_n common_o receive_v of_o 144_o to_o 125_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o degree_n measure_v by_o the_o arab_n be_v 61½_n italian_n miles_n which_o make_v 47188_o toyse_n of_o paris_n suppose_v that_o the_o old_a roman_a foot_n the_o same_o which_o father_n ricciolus_n after_o vilalpandus_n will_v have_v establish_v it_o be_v to_o that_o of_o paris_n as_o 667_o to_o 720._o though_o the_o roman_a foot_n of_o which_o the_o module_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o capitol_n be_v to_o the_o same_o parisian_a foot_n but_o as_o 653_o to_o 720._o or_o thereabouts_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o ancient_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v always_o upon_o the_o diminish_n for_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v aristotle_n or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o mathematician_n of_o his_o time_n according_a to_o his_o report_n a_o degree_n be_v about_o 1111_o stadia_fw-la whereas_o eratosthenes_n count_v but_o 700._o possidonius_fw-la 666_o and_o in_o fine_a ptolemy_n 500_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o arab_n follow_v the_o same_o example_n make_v a_o degree_n less_o than_o all_o that_o precede_v they_o but_o without_o enter_v upon_o the_o determination_n whether_o these_o opinion_n be_v so_o different_a as_o they_o appear_v
less_o than_o one_o thick_a the_o structure_n of_o the_o kidney_n appear_v to_o we_o very_o excellent_a and_o particular_a their_o figure_n be_v very_o long_o they_o be_v five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n and_o two_o and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n the_o membrana_fw-la adiposa_n which_o be_v without_o fat_a be_v take_v away_o there_o appear_v another_o very_a hard_a and_o very_o thick_a membrane_n which_o be_v not_o the_o peculiar_a one_o fasten_v to_o the_o parenchyma_n but_o a_o membrane_n which_o like_o a_o sack_n contain_v fifty_o six_o small_a kidney_n for_o they_o may_v be_v call_v so_o many_o parenchyma_n actual_o separate_v from_o one_o another_o cover_v with_o their_o proper_a membrane_n and_o join_v together_o in_o some_o place_n by_o fibres_n and_o very_o thin_a membrane_n which_o be_v produce_v from_o that_o which_o envelop_v they_o like_o a_o sack._n this_o connexion_n be_v principal_o of_o the_o little_a kidney_n which_o be_v in_o the_o hollow_a part_n of_o 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the_o little_a kidney_n present_o after_o the_o division_n these_o branch_n penetrate_v a_o little_a far_o and_o lose_v themselves_o in_o the_o parenchyma_n so_o that_o the_o notable_a cavity_n which_o the_o vessel_n have_v when_o out_o of_o the_o little_a kidney_n quite_o disappear_v whether_o that_o happen_v by_o the_o almost_o infinite_a and_o consequent_o imperceptible_a division_n which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o little_a branch_n which_o disperse_v themselves_o through_o the_o parenchyma_n as_o laurentius_n bellius_n think_v it_o happen_v to_o the_o emulgent_n of_o the_o kidney_n of_o man_n or_o that_o indeed_o these_o vessel_n do_v not_o pass_v far_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o higmorus_fw-la and_o that_o the_o spongious_a substance_n of_o the_o parenchyma_n present_o suck_v up_o and_o filtrate_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o artery_n to_o render_v it_o to_o the_o vein_n pure_a and_o separate_v from_o its_o serosity_n which_o run_v through_o the_o papillae_fw-la into_o the_o pelves_fw-la of_o the_o ureter_n like_v as_o whey_n when_o the_o cheese_n curdle_n leave_v the_o buttery_n part_n and_o pass_v through_o the_o cheesy_n part_n and_o even_o as_o the_o lie_n which_o be_v pour_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o copper_n come_v through_o the_o hole_n below_o after_o have_v penetrate_v the_o linen_n without_o any_o pipe_n which_o do_v carry_v and_o convey_v it_o thither_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o ureter_n be_v different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o emulgent_a vessel_n for_o a_o little_a after_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o membrane_n which_o like_o a_o sack_n shut_v up_o all_o the_o little_a kidney_n it_o be_v enlarge_v and_o its_o bigness_n which_o be_v about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o quill_n increase_v equal_a to_o that_o of_o a_o finger_n it_o be_v afterward_o divide_v into_o two_o branch_n of_o this_o same_o bigness_n which_o produce_v other_o lesser_a which_o supply_v a_o lesser_a to_o every_o little_a kidney_n this_o last_o branch_n do_v nevertheless_o surpass_v in_o bigness_n the_o branch_n of_o the_o emulgent_a vein_n and_o artery_n which_o enter_v with_o it_o into_o the_o little_a kidney_n and_o it_o pass_v forward_a and_o near_o to_o the_o middle_n at_o which_o place_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o and_o sometime_o into_o three_o branch_n every_o of_o these_o branch_n enlarge_v itself_o a_o little_a and_o at_o its_o extremity_n form_v a_o pelvis_n which_o be_v fill_v with_o a_o caruncle_n like_o a_o nipple_n and_o at_o the_o side_n of_o this_o caruncle_n the_o pelvis_n appear_v pierce_v with_o three_o or_o four_o hole_n which_o be_v only_a sinuosity_n form_v by_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o pelvis_n which_o be_v wrinkle_a on_o the_o inside_n make_v as_o it_o be_v other_o lesser_a pelves_fw-la capable_a of_o receive_v only_o the_o head_n of_o a_o pin._n these_o papillae_fw-la or_o nipple_n which_o be_v no_o big_a than_o a_o grain_n of_o wheat_n exceed_v in_o their_o number_n those_o of_o the_o papillae_fw-la of_o a_o ox_n kidney_n which_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o end_n of_o one_o finger_n but_o which_o be_v not_o in_o number_n above_o nine_o or_o ten_o whereas_o there_o be_v above_o a_o hundred_o in_o every_o one_o of_o the_o kidney_n of_o our_o bear_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o bartholinus_n have_v not_o examine_v this_o when_o he_o write_v that_o the_o kidney_n of_o the_o bear_n be_v like_a to_o that_o of_o the_o ox_n of_o newborn_a infant_n and_o of_o a_o porpoise_n which_o he_o dissect_v before_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o these_o kidney_n of_o which_o bartholinus_n speak_v and_o to_o which_o he_o compare_v those_o of_o the_o bear_n have_v only_o slit_v in_o their_o superficies_n which_o make_v they_o to_o appear_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n like_o unto_o those_o of_o the_o bear_n although_o in_o truth_n they_o have_v but_o one_o simple_a and_o continue_a parenchyma_n these_o slit_v penetrate_v not_o very_o deep_a whereas_o the_o fifty_o six_o small_a kidney_n of_o the_o bear_n be_v actual_o divide_v and_o have_v every_o one_o all_o the_o part_n of_o which_o the_o great_a kidney_n be_v compose_v it_o must_v be_v also_o that_o those_o who_o like_o pliny_n have_v report_v that_o the_o penis_n of_o the_o bear_n so_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v dead_a grow_v hard_o like_o a_o horn_n have_v not_o serious_o examine_v the_o matter_n and_o that_o they_o have_v not_o have_v either_o the_o courage_n to_o inform_v themselves_o which_o be_v the_o penis_n of_o the_o bear_n when_o alive_a or_o the_o curiosity_n of_o dissect_v one_o when_o dead_a for_o they_o will_v have_v find_v that_o this_o hardness_n be_v natural_a to_o this_o part_n in_o the_o bear_n as_o in_o the_o dog_n wolf_n squirrel_n weasel_n and_o several_a other_o animal_n which_o have_v a_o bone_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o penis_n as_o aristotle_n observe_v that_o of_o our_o bear_n be_v five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o four_o line_n broad_a towards_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la from_o which_o it_o be_v five_o inch_n distant_a and_o a_o little_a bend_a the_o lung_n have_v five_o lobe_n three_o on_o the_o right_a side_n and_o two_o on_o the_o left_a the_o two_o upper_a on_o the_o right_a side_n be_v very_o large_a the_o three_o which_o be_v middling_a be_v divide_v at_o its_o extremity_n into_o three_o point_n in_o one_o of_o our_o bear_n the_o two_o lobe_n of_o the_o left_a side_n be_v exceed_o swell_v the_o superior_a which_o appear_v whiteish_a be_v puff_v up_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o wind_n in_o the_o inferior_a there_o be_v find_v a_o strange_a body_n twice_o as_o big_a as_o one_o fist_n like_v to_o a_o sponge_n steep_v in_o ink._n in_o the_o other_o bear_n which_o be_v very_o young_a the_o structure_n of_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la be_v very_o particular_a be_v pierce_v in_o several_a place_n with_o a_o great_a many_o hole_n of_o a_o line_n
the_o sex_n of_o the_o female_a and_o who_o excuse_v he_o upon_o this_o account_n that_o it_o be_v difficult_a not_o to_o be_v deceive_v if_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o careful_o examine_v shall_v suffer_v himself_o to_o run_v into_o the_o same_o mistake_n and_o write_v in_o several_a place_n that_o the_o anus_fw-la and_o part_n of_o generation_n in_o both_o sex_n be_v below_o the_o pouch_n this_o pouch_n be_v between_o the_o anus_fw-la and_o another_o little_a aperture_n from_o which_o it_o be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a distant_a but_o it_o be_v near_a than_o anus_fw-la this_o pouch_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n and_o three_o in_o length_n its_o aperture_n which_o be_v a_o slit_n from_o top_n to_o bottom_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a at_o the_o edge_n and_o inside_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o short_a hair_n turn_v inward_o so_o that_o it_o be_v rough_a outward_a by_o part_v the_o two_o side_n of_o this_o aperture_n the_o inside_n be_v see_v the_o capacity_n of_o which_o will_v contain_v a_o small_a pullat_n egg_n the_o bottom_n thereof_o be_v pierce_v on_o the_o right_n and_o left_a side_n with_o two_o foramina_fw-la capable_a of_o receive_v the_o finger_n which_o do_v each_o penetrate_v into_o a_o sack_n supply_v with_o a_o white_a and_o rough_a skin_n like_o that_o of_o a_o goose._n the_o eminency_n which_o make_v this_o inequality_n be_v pierce_v with_o as_o many_o pore_n out_o of_o which_o be_v make_v to_o come_v when_o squeeze_v the_o odoriferous_a liquor_n which_o the_o arabian_n do_v call_v zibet_n which_o signify_v froth_n and_o from_o whence_o be_v derive_v the_o word_n civet_n indeed_o this_o liquor_n be_v frothy_a in_o come_v out_o which_o be_v know_v by_o this_o that_o sometime_o after_o it_o lose_v the_o whiteness_n which_o it_o have_v at_o the_o first_o it_o proceed_v as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v judge_v from_o a_o great_a number_n of_o gland_n which_o be_v between_o the_o two_o tunicle_n of_o which_o the_o sack_n be_v compose_v the_o little_a aperture_n which_o appear_v underneath_o the_o great_a pouch_n be_v the_o entrance_n of_o a_o ductus_fw-la in_o which_o the_o penis_n of_o the_o male_n be_v conceal_v and_o the_o female_a have_v such_o a_o ductus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o neck_n of_o the_o matrix_fw-la who_o internal_a orifice_n be_v so_o straight_o and_o so_o difficult_a to_o dilate_v that_o it_o be_v very_o hard_o to_o make_v a_o little_a probe_n to_o enter_v therein_o the_o external_a orifice_n be_v cover_v with_o two_o little_a eminency_n somewhat_o longish_n which_o be_v join_v together_o and_o make_v a_o angle_n underneath_o which_o there_o be_v a_o three_o eminence_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v the_o clitoris_n at_o the_o open_n of_o the_o belly_n there_o be_v find_v under_o the_o skin_n from_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la to_o the_o navel_n two_o eminency_n of_o hard_a fat_a a_o inch_n broad_a and_o thick_a and_o four_o long_a they_o enclose_v the_o branch_n which_o do_v pass_v from_o the_o hypogastrick_n vein_n and_o artery_n into_o the_o two_o sack_n which_o do_v make_v the_o great_a pouch_n there_o to_o convey_v the_o matter_n whereof_o the_o sweet-smelling_a liquor_n be_v make_v and_o which_o be_v there_o collect_v bartholiâ—…us_o have_v very_o careful_o search_v after_o though_o not_o find_v the_o particular_a ductus_n which_o he_o think_v to_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o convey_v this_o matter_n but_o our_o opinion_n be_v that_o there_o need_v no_o other_o than_o the_o artery_n just_a as_o the_o papillae_fw-la and_o kidney_n have_v no_o other_o which_o do_v convey_v to_o they_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o milk_n and_o urine_n there_o be_v a_o faculty_n in_o the_o gland_n that_o be_v lock_v up_o in_o the_o sack_n of_o the_o receptacle_n of_o the_o civet_n which_o make_v they_o to_o receive_v into_o the_o artery_n that_o which_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v convert_v into_o odoriferous_a liquor_n even_o as_o the_o gland_n of_o the_o papillae_fw-la do_v imbibe_n the_o matter_n which_o they_o do_v find_v in_o the_o blood_n proper_a to_o receive_v the_o chaacter_n of_o milk._n these_o vessel_n which_o go_v to_o the_o bag_n of_o the_o receptacle_n be_v very_o great_a in_o the_o male_a but_o can_v hardly_o be_v perceive_v in_o the_o female_a the_o civet_n of_o the_o male_n have_v also_o a_o strong_a and_o pleasant_a odour_n than_o that_o of_o the_o female_a yet_o author_n do_v almost_o all_o say_v the_o contrary_a and_o quadramius_fw-la in_o his_o treatise_n of_o theriaca_n prefer_v the_o civet_n of_o the_o female_a to_o that_o of_o the_o male_a which_o he_o report_v to_o be_v nothing_o worth_a if_o not_o mix_v with_o that_o of_o the_o female_a we_o find_v it_o not_o to_o be_v true_a that_o the_o scent_n or_o smell_v of_o the_o civet_n be_v perfect_v after_o long_o keep_v nor_o that_o be_v new_a it_o have_v a_o abominable_a scent_n as_o amatus_fw-la lusitanus_n report_n for_o its_o smell_n seem_v no_o better_o to_o we_o after_o a_o year_n than_o when_o we_o make_v the_o dissection_n plutarch_n say_v that_o not_o only_o the_o skin_n but_o likewise_o the_o flesh_n and_o bone_n of_o the_o panther_n have_v a_o good_a scent_n but_o we_o find_v not_o that_o the_o pleasant_a smell_n of_o the_o civet_n be_v communicate_v to_o the_o inward_a part_n for_o it_o be_v the_o hair_n only_o that_o have_v a_o good_a smell_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o male_a who_o hair_n be_v so_o perfume_v that_o the_o hand_n which_o have_v touch_v it_o do_v a_o long_a time_n retain_v a_o very_a pleasant_a and_o agreeable_a smell_n which_o seem_v to_o confirm_v and_o strengthen_v the_o opinion_n of_o scaliger_n mathiâ—…lus_n and_o several_a other_o who_o do_v think_v that_o the_o perfume_n of_o the_o civet-cat_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o its_o sweat_n so_o that_o it_o be_v gather_v as_o marmol_n affirm_v from_o the_o animal_n which_o do_v produce_v it_o after_o they_o have_v be_v well_o chase_v in_o their_o cage_n and_o that_o it_o be_v gather_v not_o only_o from_o their_o pouch_n but_o likewise_o from_o several_a other_o place_n and_o especial_o from_o about_o the_o neck_n there_o be_v a_o probability_n that_o tho_o this_o sweat_n proceed_v indifferent_o from_o the_o whole_a body_n it_o gather_v more_o abundant_o in_o the_o bag_n and_o there_o grow_v to_o great_a perfection_n these_o pouch_n or_o bag_n have_v some_o muscle_n which_o bartholinus_n mention_n not_o although_o he_o have_v mark_v they_o in_o his_o figure_n those_o which_o we_o find_v be_v different_a from_o those_o which_o he_o represent_v as_o well_o in_o number_n as_o in_o structure_n he_o put_v down_o four_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o neighbour_a part_n be_v join_v to_o the_o pouch_n those_o of_o our_o civet-cat_n be_v but_o three_o in_o number_n of_o which_o there_o be_v one_o which_o take_v its_o origine_fw-la at_o one_o of_o the_o pouch_n go_v to_o insert_v itself_o to_o the_o other_o the_o two_o other_o take_v their_o origine_fw-la from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o ischium_n and_o each_o come_v to_o be_v join_v to_o its_o antagonist_n at_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o two_o pouch_n and_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o pouch_n over_o which_o it_o go_v to_o make_v this_o conjunction_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o we_o to_o conjecture_v what_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o action_n of_o these_o muscle_n by_o their_o structure_n and_o situation_n for_o that_o which_o be_v common_a to_o the_o two_o pouch_n must_v be_v for_o their_o constriction_n by_o draw_v one_o to_o the_o other_o and_o those_o which_o do_v come_v from_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o ischium_n do_v draw_v the_o two_o pouch_n together_o sometime_o on_o the_o right_a side_n sometime_o on_o the_o left_a according_a as_o one_o of_o the_o muscle_n be_v contract_v whilst_o its_o antagonist_n be_v relax_v the_o use_n of_o these_o motion_n be_v very_o probable_o for_o the_o press_a and_o squeeze_v out_o the_o odorous_a liquor_n the_o retention_n of_o which_o be_v insupportable_a to_o these_o animal_n when_o by_o time_n it_o have_v acquire_v a_o piquant_v acrimony_n which_o excite_v they_o to_o squeeze_v it_o out_o for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o civet-cat_n do_v seem_v to_o have_v a_o restlessness_n which_o agitate_v and_o torment_v they_o when_o they_o have_v gather_v store_n of_o this_o liquor_n which_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o let_v out_o the_o epiploon_n be_v double_a and_o square_a as_o usual_o but_o very_o great_a it_o descend_v to_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la and_o be_v compose_v of_o row_n of_o fat_a which_o enclose_v the_o vessel_n these_o row_n or_o band_n have_v each_o three_o angle_n and_o be_v join_v together_o by_o a_o texture_n of_o net-like_a fibres_n the_o intestine_n be_v not_o very_o long_o but_o especial_o the_o intestina_fw-la crassa_fw-la which_o all_o three_o together_o exceed_v not_o six_o inch_n on_o
nature_n have_v give_v to_o man_n as_o to_o the_o wise_a of_o all_o animal_n for_o want_v perhaps_o of_o make_v this_o reflection_n for_o the_o ape_n be_v find_v provide_v by_o nature_n of_o all_o these_o marvellous_a organ_n of_o speech_n with_o so_o much_o exactness_n that_o the_o very_a three_o small_a muscle_n which_o do_v take_v their_o rise_n from_o the_o apophysis_n styloide_v be_v not_o want_v although_o this_o apophysis_n be_v extreme_o small_a this_o particularity_n do_v likewise_o show_v that_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o think_v that_o agent_n do_v perform_v such_o and_o such_o action_n because_o they_o be_v find_v with_o organ_n proper_a thereunto_o for_o according_a to_o these_o philosopher_n ape_n shall_v speak_v see_v that_o they_o have_v the_o instrument_n necessary_a for_o speech_n in_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n there_o be_v nothing_o particular_a but_o the_o flexores_fw-la of_o the_o head_n which_o in_o man_n be_v insert_v into_o the_o apophysis_n mastoide_v for_o they_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o lateral_a and_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la because_o that_o the_o head_n of_o the_o ape_n have_v no_o apophysis_n mastoide_n among_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o arm_n there_o be_v only_o the_o palmaris_n that_o have_v any_o thing_n remarkable_a it_o be_v extraordinary_a large_a the_o great_a serratus_fw-la which_o in_o man_n take_v its_o rise_n only_o from_o the_o omoplatae_n do_v in_o our_o subject_n proceed_v likewise_o from_o the_o four_o five_o and_o six_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o musculus_fw-la rectus_n which_o in_o man_n reach_v only_o to_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o sternum_n do_v ascend_v to_o the_o top_n pass_v under_o the_o pectoralis_fw-la and_o little_a serrtaus_fw-la it_o be_v fleshy_a only_o to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o sternum_n the_o rest_n be_v but_o a_o mere_a tendon_n in_o the_o thigh_n that_o of_o the_o quadrigemini_n which_o do_v serve_v to_o throw_v out_o the_o thigh_n call_v pyriformis_fw-la be_v a_o great_a deal_n small_a than_o in_o man_n and_o in_o stead_n of_o take_v its_o rise_n from_o the_o low_a and_o external_a part_n of_o the_o o_o sacrum_n it_o proceed_v from_o the_o ischium_n near_o the_o cavitas_fw-la cotyloide_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o buttock_n have_v a_o figure_n different_a from_o those_o of_o man_n be_v short_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o ossa_fw-la iliam_fw-la ape_n be_v much_o straight_a than_o in_o man._n on_o the_o 〈◊〉_d psoâ—…e_v there_o be_v two_o other_o little_a muscle_n which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o man._n every_o of_o these_o muscle_n have_v the_o same_o origine_fw-la as_o the_o psoas_n do_v come_v by_o a_o long_a tendon_n to_o insert_v itself_o into_o the_o upper_a and_o inward_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la among_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o leg_n that_o of_o its_o flexores_fw-la which_o be_v call_v biceps_fw-la have_v not_o a_o double_a origine_fw-la as_o in_fw-la man._n it_o proceed_v entire_a from_o the_o knob_v of_o the_o ischium_n and_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o perona_n this_o single_a head_n be_v in_o requital_n very_o thick_a and_o strong_a the_o great_a toe_n have_v muscle_n like_a to_o those_o of_o a_o man_n thumb_n even_o as_o it_o have_v the_o action_n thereof_o which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o foot_n of_o man_n where_o the_o great_a toe_n have_v muscle_n very_o different_a from_o those_o of_o his_o thumb_n because_o that_o the_o action_n of_o these_o two_o part_n be_v in_o man_n very_o different_a to_o the_o history_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o ape_n may_v be_v add_v the_o description_n of_o the_o pouch_n which_o they_o have_v in_o their_o mouth_n it_o be_v compose_v of_o membrane_n and_o gland_n and_o of_o a_o great_a many_o musculous_a and_o carnous_a fibres_n it_o be_v situation_n be_v on_o the_o out_o side_n of_o each_o jaw_n reach_v oblique_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o jaw_n to_o the_o under_o part_n of_o its_o angle_n pass_v under_o a_o part_n of_o the_o muscle_n call_v latissimus_fw-la it_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o almost_o as_o broad_a towards_o its_o bottom_n it_o open_v into_o the_o mouth_n between_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o jaw_n and_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o gum_n it_o be_v into_o this_o pouch_n that_o ape_n use_v to_o put_v what_o they_o will_v keep_v and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o musculous_a fibres_n which_o it_o have_v do_v serve_v to_o shut_v and_o open_v it_o to_o receive_v and_o put_v our_o wat_fw-mi these_o animal_n do_v there_o lay_v up_o in_o reserve_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o stagg_n of_o canada_n and_o hind_n of_o sardinia_n the_o low_a figure_n represent_v the_o disproportion_n which_o be_v between_o the_o stag_n and_o hind_n the_o stagg_n be_v almost_o as_o big_a again_o as_o the_o hind_n it_o discover_v likewise_o how_o the_o horn_n of_o the_o stagg_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o skin_n and_o how_o the_o hind_n have_v the_o back_n and_o flank_n mark_v with_o several_a spot_n of_o different_a shape_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o a._n the_o liver_n b._n the_o great_a ventricle_n of_o the_o stagg_n c._n the_o little_a ventricle_n d._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o vasa_n spermatica_fw-la praeparantia_fw-la e._n the_o testicle_n itself_o f._n the_o vasa_n spermatica_fw-la deferentia_fw-la g_o h_o h._n the_o epididymis_fw-la i._o the_o vterus_fw-la k_o k._n the_o cornua_fw-la vteri_fw-la l_o l._n the_o round_a ligament_n of_o the_o uterus_fw-la m._n the_o bladder_n n._n one_o of_o the_o cornua_fw-la uteri_fw-la open_v to_o discover_v the_o two_o leaf_n o_o o._n which_o it_o have_v on_o the_o inside_n p_o p._n the_o carotide_n open_v to_o show_v the_o transverse_a line_n which_o it_o have_v on_o the_o inside_n q_o q._n the_o jugular_a open_v to_o show_v the_o six_o row_n of_o valve_n which_o it_o have_v viz._n four_o mark_v r_o where_o they_o be_v three_o in_o a_o row_n and_o two_o mark_v s_o saint_n where_o they_o be_v two_o and_o two_o t_o t._n a_o piece_n of_o the_o jugular_a represent_v at_o large_a the_o more_o distinct_o to_o discover_v a_o row_n of_o three_o valve_n mark_v five_o five_o v._n x_o y_o z_o ω._n the_o end_n of_o one_o of_o the_o brow-antler_n of_o the_o stagg_n x._o part_v of_o the_o horn_n with_o the_o skin_n take_v off_o to_o expose_v to_o view_n grouves_n wherewith_o the_o horn_n of_o the_o stagg_n be_v ordinary_o hollow_v to_o make_v room_n for_o the_o vessel_n in_o the_o skin_n which_o cover_v they_o y_fw-fr the_o piece_n of_o skin_n which_o be_v cut_v away_o and_o on_o the_o inside_n of_o which_o be_v represent_v the_o vessel_n in_o it_o z_o ω._n the_o rest_n of_o the_o browantler_n cover_v with_o the_o velvet_n skin_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o stag_n of_o canada_n and_o hind_n of_o sardinia_n the_o stagg_n be_v very_o large_a be_v four_o foot_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o back_n to_o the_o ground_n its_o horn_n be_v three_o foot_n long_o and_o the_o brow-antler_n a_o foot_n there_o be_v six_o on_o each_o horn_n which_o be_v the_o great_a number_n that_o staggs_n do_v carry_v according_a to_o aristotle_n and_o pliny_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o true_a in_o this_o country_n where_o be_v find_v staggs_n that_o have_v they_o to_o twenty_o two_o the_o whole_a horn_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o very_a hard_a skin_n and_o garnish_v with_o a_o very_a thick_a and_o short_a hair_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n as_o that_o which_o cover_v the_o body_n it_o be_v turn_v in_o several_a place_n pliny_n very_o improper_o call_v this_o hair_n feather_n soft_a as_o down_o this_o whole_a skin_n have_v a_o great_a many_o vein_n and_o artery_n fill_v with_o plenty_n of_o blood_n which_o swell_v they_o on_o the_o inside_n next_o the_o horn_n which_o be_v all_o furrow_a to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o vessel_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o cranium_fw-la or_o skull_n be_v flute_v on_o the_o inside_n according_a to_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o dura_n mater_n gesner_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o furrow_n which_o be_v see_v in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o horn_n of_o the_o stagg_n be_v make_v by_o worm_n which_o do_v engender_v there_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o which_o do_v eat_v it_o which_o be_v altogether_o improbable_a pliny_n have_v not_o also_o well_o examine_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o horn_n of_o the_o stagg_n when_o he_o say_v that_o they_o be_v like_o the_o plant_n ferula_fw-la and_o the_o reed_n for_o the_o stalk_n of_o these_o plant_n which_o be_v either_o hollow_a or_o pithy_a do_v ill_o express_v the_o solidity_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o horn_n of_o the_o stagg_n democritus_n have_v better_a philosopize_v on_o the_o generation_n of_o these_o horn_n for_o he_o affirm_v that_o in_o the_o stagg_n because_o he_o abound_v with_o
blood_n and_o grow_v very_o fat_a at_o the_o begin_n of_o summer_n nature_n consume_v a_o part_n of_o the_o nourshment_n wherewith_o it_o be_v overcharge_v by_o send_v it_o through_o some_o vessel_n which_o it_o have_v in_o a_o great_a number_n and_o of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o horn_n do_v grow_v and_o indeed_o it_o be_v a_o very_a surprise_v thing_n to_o see_v the_o abundance_n of_o blood_n which_o we_o find_v between_o the_o horn_n and_o the_o skin_n which_o cover_v they_o when_o by_o flay_v off_o this_o skin_n the_o tunick_n of_o the_o vein_n be_v very_o fine_a and_o small_a be_v break_v in_o sunder_o this_o observation_n make_v we_o to_o reflect_v upon_o the_o different_a generation_n of_o the_o horn_n of_o animal_n which_o be_v of_o two_o nature_n namely_o some_o hollow_a and_o other_o solid_a have_v likewise_o two_o way_n of_o grow_v for_o those_o which_o be_v solid_a and_o without_o cavitie_n like_o those_o of_o the_o stagg_n be_v immediate_o fasten_v to_o the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la from_o which_o they_o do_v seem_v to_o grow_v this_o bone_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o rare_a and_o spongious_a than_o in_o other_o animal_n as_o democritus_n have_v observe_v but_o if_o the_o first_o origine_fw-la or_o germination_n of_o the_o horn_n of_o the_o stagg_n do_v proceed_v from_o any_o substance_n which_o come_v out_o of_o the_o bone_n its_o increase_n depend_v chief_o on_o the_o skin_n which_o cover_v it_o and_o which_o afford_v it_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o nourishment_n through_o the_o great_a number_n of_o vessel_n contain_v in_o it_o hollow_a horn_n like_o those_o ox_n be_v engender_v and_o do_v grow_v after_o a_o quite_o different_a manner_n for_o they_o be_v not_o immediate_o fasten_v to_o the_o scull_n but_o they_o have_v their_o cavitie_n fill_v by_o a_o bone_n which_o be_v a_o appendix_n of_o the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la and_o this_o appendix_n even_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o scull_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o pericranium_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o which_o these_o horn_n do_v join_v to_o the_o scull_n and_o be_v engender_v and_o do_v grow_v from_o what_o they_o receive_v from_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o pericranium_n for_o on_o the_o pericranium_n which_o fasten_v the_o appendix_n of_o the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la there_o be_v a_o crest_n apparent_o make_v by_o the_o transudation_n of_o a_o matter_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n of_o this_o membrane_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o horn_n of_o the_o gazella_n incomparable_o great_a full_a of_o blood_n and_o more_o numerous_a than_o they_o be_v in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o pericranium_n which_o cover_v the_o other_o bone_n of_o the_o head._n so_o that_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o even_o as_o solid_a horn_n do_v take_v their_o nourishment_n and_o increase_n by_o their_o external_a superficies_n those_o which_o be_v hollow_a do_v take_v it_o at_o the_o internal_a for_o when_o the_o first_o crust_n begin_v to_o be_v harden_v on_o the_o production_n of_o the_o pericranium_n which_o cover_v the_o point_a appendix_n of_o the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la by_o harden_v almost_o after_o the_o manner_n as_o nail_n do_v harden_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o finger_n between_o this_o first_o crust_n and_o the_o pericranium_n there_o be_v engender_v another_o which_o glue_n itself_o to_o the_o former_a and_o thrust_v it_o forward_o and_o thus_o there_o be_v successive_o engender_v several_a crust_n one_o upon_o another_o almost_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o snail-shell_n and_o oyster-shell_n be_v engender_v and_o compose_v of_o several_a laminae_fw-la or_o plate_n glue_v to_o each_o other_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o hollow_a horn_n be_v general_o wrinkle_v and_o ruffle_v like_o shell_n and_o that_o they_o be_v easy_o separate_v into_o several_a leave_n aristotle_n have_v give_v some_o idea_n of_o this_o manner_n of_o the_o generatinn_n of_o hollow_a horn_n in_o say_v that_o there_o enter_v into_o their_o cavity_n something_o hard_a which_o spring_v from_o the_o scull_n which_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o bone_n which_o enter_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o horn_n but_o he_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o pericranium_n to_o which_o the_o horn_n be_v immediate_o fasten_v and_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o take_v its_o origine_fw-la and_o nourishment_n the_o generation_n of_o hollow_a horn_n be_v likewise_o different_a from_o that_o of_o solid_a one_o by_o the_o different_a quality_n of_o the_o matter_n which_o be_v more_o aqueous_a in_o hollow_a horn_n and_o more_o terrestrial_a in_o solid_a one_o hollow_a horn_n do_v easy_o sofen_v before_o the_o fire_n as_o not_o have_v their_o concretion_n by_o the_o exiccation_n and_o consumption_n of_o the_o aqueous_a part_n but_o by_o the_o coagulation_n of_o a_o matter_n which_o have_v not_o a_o consistence_n so_o firm_a without_o the_o cold_a which_o do_v harden_v it_o and_o solid_a horn_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o bone_n from_o which_o they_o do_v proceed_v be_v of_o a_o terrestrial_a matter_n which_o according_a to_o aristotle_n and_o pliny_n be_v hardden_v on_o the_o head_n of_o staggs_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n aristotle_n make_v also_o a_o remark_n which_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o matter_n of_o staggs-horne_n be_v terrene_a dry_a and_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o stone_n for_o he_o say_v that_o there_o have_v be_v sometime_o staggs_n take_v on_o who_o horn_n there_o be_v find_v ivy_n which_o have_v there_o take_v root_n as_o it_o do_v on_o sâ—…ones_n and_o naturalist_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o ivy_n do_v frequent_o grow_v in_o place_n where_o staggs_n horn_n be_v bury_v this_o conjecture_n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o that_o excrescence_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o stagg_n call_v lachryma_fw-la cerui_fw-la which_o come_v out_o as_o it_o be_v say_v from_o the_o great_a canthus_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v strong_o fasten_v to_o the_o bone_n out_o of_o which_o it_o growâ—…_n according_a to_o scaliger_n for_o this_o excrescence_n be_v so_o like_o a_o stone_n that_o some_o do_v think_v it_o real_o be_v one_o and_o that_o it_o grow_v not_o out_o of_o the_o stagg_n be_v very_o far_o from_o give_v credit_n to_o what_o author_n report_v of_o its_o generation_n viz._n that_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o stagg_n when_o to_o cure_v itself_o of_o the_o worm_n which_o it_o have_v in_o its_o intestine_n it_o eat_v serpent_n and_o plunge_n into_o the_o water_n up_o to_o the_o very_a eye_n the_o bone_n which_o be_v find_v at_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o staggs_n heart_n be_v likewise_o a_o sign_n that_o this_o animal_n do_v exceed_o abound_v in_o a_o juice_n capable_a of_o be_v easy_o convert_v into_o a_o bony_a and_o as_o it_o be_v stoney_n nature_n the_o intestine_n be_v take_v all_o together_o do_v measure_v ninety_o six_o foot_n in_o length_n the_o small_a contain_v sixty_o six_o foot_n and_o the_o great_a one_o without_o the_o caecum_fw-la twenty_o the_o caecum_fw-la be_v one_o foot_n ten_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o six_o inch_n in_o breadth_n towards_o its_o basis._n it_o go_v lessen_v towards_o its_o point_n as_o usual_a this_o extraordinary_a length_n of_o the_o intestine_n which_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o ventricle_n in_o animal_n which_o do_v live_v on_o grass_n be_v not_o find_v in_o those_o which_o be_v feed_v with_o flesh_n because_o that_o grass_n be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v change_v into_o blood_n and_o this_o nourishment_n afford_v it_o less_o matter_n than_o flesh_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v the_o ventricles_n thus_o large_a to_o contain_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o grass_n and_o that_o the_o intestine_n shall_v be_v proportionable_o long_a to_o make_v room_n for_o the_o natural_a heat_n to_o operate_v a_o long_a time_n on_o the_o nourishment_n retain_v and_o conduct_v through_o long_a turn_n there_o be_v two_o ventricles_n a_o great_a and_o a_o small_a which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o duodenum_fw-la enlarge_v the_o great_a ventricle_n be_v blow_v be_v five_a foot_n round_o it_o be_v compose_v of_o several_a other_o ventricles_n heap_v in_o one_o by_o reason_n of_o four_o or_o five_o bunch_n which_o it_o have_v connect_v together_o by_o a_o membrane_n which_o do_v join_v and_o make_v they_o to_o form_n to_o this_o ventricle_n several_a cell_n on_o this_o membrane_n there_o be_v another_o which_o do_v cover_v and_o lock_v up_o the_o whole_a ventricle_n this_o membrane_n be_v fasten_v behind_o to_o the_o ventricle_n before_o it_o be_v join_v to_o it_o only_o at_o top_n the_o rest_n be_v whole_o separate_v and_o great_o extend_v by_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o wind_n which_o it_o shut_v up_o with_o the_o ventricle_n and_o intestine_n which_o it_o also_o cover_v
like_o a_o epiploon_n the_o upper_a part_n which_o cover_v the_o ventricles_n be_v thin_a and_o transparent_a without_o fat_a gland_n or_o apparent_a vessel_n the_o part_n which_o descend_v to_o enclose_v the_o intestine_n have_v some_o vessel_n and_o fat_a but_o in_o a_o very_a little_a quantity_n the_o spleen_n be_v round_o thin_a and_o whole_o adherent_a to_o the_o great_a ventricle_n it_o be_v six_o inch_n diameter_n the_o vessel_n which_o do_v make_v the_o vas_n breve_fw-la be_v utter_o imperceptible_a the_o gibbous_a and_o upper_a part_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o diaphragme_n by_o three_o strong_a ligament_n the_o liver_n have_v but_o one_o lobe_n and_o be_v only_o cleave_v before_o and_o quite_o whole_a within_o the_o right_a side_n be_v somewhat_o more_o extend_v that_o the_o leave_v and_o make_v a_o point_n towards_o the_o kidney_n there_o be_v no_o gallbladder_n the_o kidney_n be_v very_o large_a be_v five_o inch_n long_o and_o three_o broad_a there_o be_v no_o ren_fw-it succenturiatus_fw-la the_o penis_n have_v no_o bone_n the_o proper_a membrane_n of_o the_o testicle_n be_v immediate_o fasten_v to_o the_o glandulous_a substance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v absolute_o inseparable_a therefrom_o and_o more_o than_o usual_a in_o other_o animal_n over_o this_o membrane_n be_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o blood-vessel_n some_o whereof_o be_v straight_o and_o as_o big_a as_o a_o bodkin_n other_o be_v undulate_v and_o as_o it_o be_v frizzle_a very_o small_a about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pin._n the_o glandulous_a substance_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o testicle_n be_v yellow_a that_o of_o the_o epididymis_fw-la of_o a_o pale_a livid_fw-la red._n the_o unite_n of_o the_o vasa_n praeparantia_fw-la be_v wreathe_v and_o confound_v and_o make_v a_o tube_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o one_o finger_n which_o produce_v the_o epididymis_fw-la which_o cover_v and_o embrace_v the_o top_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o testicle_n even_o as_o the_o cup_n of_o a_o acorne_n 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two_o sort_n the_o first_o which_o make_v about_o a_o quarter_n be_v grayish_a and_o plait_v in_o folds_n six_o inch_n long_o the_o other_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a red_a and_o fold_v very_o small_a in_o cell_n the_o mesentery_n be_v compose_v of_o very_o fine_a membrane_n the_o spleen_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o hard_a thick_a and_o whiteish_a membrane_n its_o figure_n be_v round_o it_o be_v like_o that_o of_o the_o stagg_n strong_o knit_v to_o the_o ventricle_n and_o diaphragme_n the_o cornua_fw-la uteri_fw-la be_v long_o and_o bend_v into_o several_a anfractuosity_n their_o extremity_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o testicle_n which_o be_v small_a on_o the_o inside_n of_o each_o of_o these_o horn_n there_o be_v two_o fold_n of_o the_o internal_a membrane_n which_o do_v form_v some_o leaf_n range_v according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o horn_n almost_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o ventricle_n of_o animal_n which_o chew_v the_o cudd._n the_o heart_n be_v extraordinary_a large_a and_o soft_a it_o be_v ventricles_n be_v extend_v by_o a_o quantity_n of_o coagulate_v blood_n which_o fill_v they_o the_o lung_n have_v seven_o lobe_n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o two_o jugular_n as_o well_o the_o internal_a as_o external_a have_v each_o sixteen_o valve_n dispose_v in_o six_o row_n about_o two_o inch_n distant_a from_o each_o other_o the_o four_o upper_a row_n consist_v each_o of_o three_o valve_n the_o two_o low_a one_o have_v only_o two_o but_o they_o be_v large_a than_o those_o of_o the_o upper_a row_n the_o disposition_n of_o these_o valve_n be_v such_o that_o the_o aperture_n of_o the_o sack_n which_o they_o do_v form_n be_v towards_o the_o head_n to_o stop_v as_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o too_o great_a impetuositie_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o fall_v in_o its_o return_n from_o the_o brain_n into_o the_o axillary_a branch_n those_o of_o the_o modern_n who_o be_v ignorant_a what_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o vein_n have_v attribute_v this_o use_n to_o all_o the_o valve_n of_o these_o vesseles_a the_o situation_n of_o which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o motion_n and_o course_n of_o the_o blood_n after_o the_o manner_n as_o they_o understand_v it_o and_o favourable_a to_o the_o course_n which_o it_o efective_o have_v for_o the_o circulation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o its_o return_n towards_o the_o heart_n bartholinus_n have_v remark_v two_o valve_n in_o one_o of_o the_o jugular_n riolanus_n who_o first_o find_v out_o these_o two_o valve_n affirm_v that_o they_o be_v never_o find_v but_o in_o the_o internal_a jugular_a although_o we_o have_v always_o find_v they_o in_o the_o external_a as_o well_o as_o internal_a but_o this_o situation_n of_o the_o valve_n contrary_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n towards_o the_o heart_n
cartilage_n and_o produce_v only_o membranous_a channel_n very_o large_a and_o unequal_a contain_v even_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a in_o some_o place_n and_o half_a a_o inch_n only_o in_o other_o the_o membrane_n that_o form_v these_o channel_n be_v transparent_a and_o thinn_n but_o solid_a and_o fortify_v with_o ligament_n link_v together_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o net_n compose_v of_o several_a mash_n like_v to_o those_o that_o be_v see_v in_o the_o second_o ventricle_n of_o animal_n that_o ruminate_v each_o of_o these_o mash_n be_v the_o border_n and_o entrance_n of_o a_o little_a pouch_n which_o open_v into_o a_o second_o and_o that_o sometime_o into_o a_o three_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n do_v run_v along_o the_o ligament_n of_o which_o they_o do_v accompany_v all_o the_o division_n equal_o distribute_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o author_n that_o have_v think_v that_o the_o tortoise_n have_v no_o blood_n in_o the_o lung_n have_v ground_v this_o opinion_n on_o the_o whiteness_n and_o transparency_n of_o the_o membrane_n whereof_o they_o be_v compose_v which_o do_v make_v it_o to_o appear_v altogether_o membranous_a when_o it_o be_v swell_v whereas_o that_o of_o other_o animal_n appear_v fleshy_a but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o the_o only_a difference_n be_v that_o of_o more_o and_o less_o the_o lung_n of_o man_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o that_o of_o other_o animal_n be_v compose_v of_o nothing_o else_o but_o small_a vesicles_n heap_v one_o against_o the_o other_o among_o which_o the_o sanguinary_a vessel_n be_v interlace_v in_o so_o great_a a_o number_n that_o they_o do_v form_v a_o appearance_n of_o flesh_n like_o little_a lobe_n fasten_v to_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o bronchi_n and_o it_o be_v of_o these_o little_a lobe_n that_o the_o great_a lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v compose_v yet_o this_o difference_n of_o more_o and_o less_o fill_v with_o blood_n have_v seem_v to_o we_o to_o pass_v for_o essential_a and_o sufficient_a to_o establish_v a_o species_n of_o lung_n which_o be_v one_o of_o three_o to_o which_o we_o reduce_v the_o lung_n of_o the_o animal_n that_o we_o have_v dissect_v for_o we_o have_v find_v lung_n which_o do_v appear_v absolute_o fleshy_a other_o absolute_o membranous_a and_o other_o partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o membranous_a the_o lung_n of_o all_o four_o footed_a terrestrial_a animal_n which_o lie_v no_o egg_n and_o some_o of_o the_o amphibious_a as_o the_o sea-calf_n be_v of_o the_o first_o species_n and_o these_o lung_n do_v absolute_o appear_v fleshy_a because_o that_o the_o blood_n be_v equal_o disperse_v through_o all_o their_o substance_n into_o which_o it_o circulate_v entire_o make_v all_o the_o blood_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o lung_n by_o its_o vessel_n from_o one_o ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o the_o other_o the_o lung_n of_o tortoise_n serpent_n frog_n salamander_n chameleon_n etc._n etc._n be_v of_o the_o second_o species_n and_o they_o appear_v absolute_o membranous_a have_v but_o very_o little_a blood_n disperse_v into_o their_o substance_n viz._n only_o that_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o particular_a nourishment_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o circulation_n make_v in_o its_o vessel_n but_o of_o this_o nourishment_n the_o lung_n of_o bird_n be_v of_o the_o three_o species_n and_o they_o do_v appear_v partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o membranous_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o part_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o rib_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o vessel_n by_o which_o the_o circulation_n be_v entire_o make_v as_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n and_o the_o other_o part_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o eight_o and_o sometime_o into_o ten_o great_a bladder_n have_v no_o vessel_n and_o the_o circulation_n therein_o be_v only_o for_o its_o peculiar_a nourishment_n these_o three_o species_n of_o the_o lung_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o if_o their_o difference_n be_v take_v from_o the_o use_n which_o the_o lung_n have_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o entire_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lung_n of_o tortoise_n and_o other_o amphibious_a animal_n of_o that_o kind_n will_v make_v a_o particular_a species_n their_o lung_n be_v useless_a for_o the_o entire_a circulation_n and_o the_o lung_n of_o bird_n and_o that_o of_o terrestrial_a animal_n will_v make_v another_o species_n which_o will_v be_v common_a to_o those_o who_o lung_n appear_v absolute_o fleshy_a and_o those_o that_o appear_v only_o in_o one_o part_n for_o the_o establish_n these_o two_o species_n there_o may_v be_v likewise_o add_v another_o difference_n take_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n even_o as_o in_o bird_n be_v continual_a regular_a and_o periodical_a and_o in_o the_o other_o as_o in_o the_o tortoise_n chameleon_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v interrupt_v and_o so_o seldom_o and_o unequal_a that_o the_o chameleon_n be_v sometime_o half_a a_o day_n without_o one_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v in_o he_o any_o motion_n for_o the_o respiration_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v perceive_v to_o swell_v on_o a_o sudden_a and_o to_o remain_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o this_o condition_n the_o tortoise_n do_v probable_o use_v the_o same_o manner_n we_o have_v a_o long_a time_n observe_v several_a live_n and_o entire_a and_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o indeed_o they_o sometime_o cast_v forth_o a_o cold_a breath_n through_o the_o nostril_n but_o it_o be_v by_o interval_n and_o without_o order_n in_o those_o which_o be_v open_v alive_a we_o see_v that_o the_o lung_n remain_v continual_o swell_v by_o the_o exact_a compression_n of_o the_o glottis_fw-la and_o that_o it_o shrink_v entire_o and_o sudden_o when_o entrance_n be_v give_v to_o the_o air_n by_o cut_v the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la when_o the_o breast_n of_o a_o live_a dog_n be_v open_v by_o take_v away_o the_o sternum_fw-la with_o the_o cartilaginous_a appendix_n of_o the_o rib_n the_o lung_n be_v observe_v sudden_o to_o sink_v and_o afterward_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o cease_v in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o that_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o its_o auricle_n with_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la be_v swell_v as_o if_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o burst_v so_o that_o to_o prevent_v the_o animal_n death_n the_o end_n of_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_n be_v put_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la and_o push_v in_o the_o air_n to_o make_v the_o lung_n swell_v and_o afterward_o withdraw_v they_o to_o make_v they_o sink_v they_o be_v artificial_o make_v to_o have_v the_o motion_n that_o they_o natural_o use_v and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o ventricle_n and_o right_a auricle_n of_o the_o heart_n with_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la do_v unswell_o and_o the_o heart_n resume_v its_o ordinary_a motion_n again_o this_o hapnes_n not_o to_o the_o tortoise_n in_o which_o one_o have_v lay_v open_a the_o lung_n for_o whether_o they_o continue_v swell_v or_o whether_o they_o do_v shrink_v the_o circulation_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n do_v continue_v so_o well_o in_o their_o natural_a manner_n that_o it_o be_v experiment_v that_o a_o tortoise_n have_v live_v above_o four_o day_n in_o this_o condition_n we_o have_v also_o make_v another_o experiment_n to_o know_v more_o distinct_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o lung_n for_o the_o entire_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o animal_n who_o lung_n be_v absolute_o fleshy_a and_o which_o be_v not_o amphibious_a a_o injection_n be_v make_v by_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n into_o the_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n of_o a_o dead_a dog_n it_o happen_v that_o if_o one_o continue_v to_o make_v the_o lung_n rise_v and_o sink_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o bellows_o put_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la the_o liquor_n which_o be_v push_v into_o the_o lung_n do_v easy_o pass_v and_o go_v through_o the_o vein_n into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n and_o that_o when_o one_o cease_v to_o blow_v it_o pass_v not_o but_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n after_o have_v veiw_v the_o different_a structure_n of_o the_o ventricles_n and_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o dog_n and_o tortoise_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o give_v some_o probable_a reason_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o these_o experiment_n for_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o lung_n of_o the_o dog_n be_v sink_v after_o expiration_n the_o vessel_n be_v compress_v after_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o blood_n can_v pass_v and_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o these_o vessel_n be_v dilate_v by_o inspiration_n for_o the_o receive_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o that_o they_o be_v afterward_o compress_v in_o the_o expiration_n to_o press_v it_o