Selected quad for the lemma: world_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
world_n	write_n	write_v	writer_n	98	3	7.9227	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A17832	Britain, or A chorographicall description of the most flourishing kingdomes, England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the ilands adjoyning, out of the depth of antiquitie beautified vvith mappes of the severall shires of England: vvritten first in Latine by William Camden Clarenceux K. of A. Translated newly into English by Philémon Holland Doctour in Physick: finally, revised, amended, and enlarged with sundry additions by the said author.; Britannia. English	Camden, William, 1551-1623.; Holland, Philemon, 1552-1637.	1637 (1637)	STC 4510.8; ESTC S115671	1,473,166	1,156

the Greeks used for drinke Others bring it from the BRVTII in Italy whom the Graecians called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 As for those smatterers in Grammar who keepe a babbling and prating that Britaine should carry that name of British manners let them be packing These are all the opinions to my knowledge that have beene received touching the name of Britaine But heerein as wee cannot but smile at the fictions of strangers so the devices coined by our owne countrymen passe not currant with generall allowance And verily in these and such like cases an easier matter it is to impeach the false than to teach and maintaine a truth For besides this that it were an absurditie to seeke the reason of this name in a forrein language the generall consent of all Historiographers of better note doth confute Laetus who with one accord deliver unto us that those Armorica Britons departed hence and so from us carried the name with them Againe Britaine flourished under this name many hundred yeares before the names of Dania and Prutenia came up But what doth the word Britannia to doe with the Spaniards Bretta which I doubt whether it be Spanish or no and why should this Island be so termed rather than other Land That the drinke called Brithin was ever in use among our countrymen can hardly be proved and to give name to our nation of the Greekes drinke were ridiculous As for those Brutii in Italy whom as Strabo witnesseth the Lucans called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as one would say traiterous fugitives it can never be prooved that they like runnagates ranne hither into Britaine But to come now to our owne countrimens conjectures Eliots 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 seemeth not probable seeing that word was proper to the Athenians and considering the Greeks called this Isle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lhuyds Prid-Cain for the Britan seemeth not onely too farre fetched but also over-hardly streined to say nothing how that word Cain came from the Latines Candidum and so crept into the provinciall language of the Britaines But as touching those reports of Brutus were they true certaine and undoubted there is no cause why any man should bestow farther study and labor in searching out the beginning of the Britaines The thing is dispatched to our hand and the searchers of Antiquitie are eased of their troublesome and painfull travell For mine owne part it is not my intent I assure you to discredit and confute that story which goes of him for the upholding whereof I call Truth to record I have from time to time streined to the heighth all that little wit of mine For that were to strive with the streame and currant of time and to struggle against an opinion commonly and long since received How then may I a man of so meane parts and small reckoning be so bold as to sit in examination of a matter so important and thereof definitively to determine Well I referre the matter full and whole to the Senate of Antiquarians for to be decided Let every man for me judge as it pleaseth him and of what opinion soever the Reader shall be of verily I will not make it a point much material And yet I see that I may tell you so much aforehand beeing as I am a plaine honest and diligent searcher after the truth how men most judicious and passing well learned goe about divers waies to extenuate the credit of this narration and so often as I stand in defence thereof to come upon me fiercely with these and such like arguments First grounding their reason upon the time they protest and say that all is but fabulous with reservation onely of the Sacred Historie whatsoever is reported to have beene done before the first Olympias to wit the yeare 770. before the birth of Christ like as these reports of Brutus which are before the said time 300. yeares and more And this they averre by the authoritie of Varro the most learned writer of all the Romans who as he named the first age immediately after mans creation unto the Deluge 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is uncertaine by reason of the ignorance thereof so he termed the second even from the said Deluge unto the first Olympias 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Fabulous because in that time there is related nothing else for the most part but tales even among the Greekes and Latines learned nations much more then among the Barbarous and unlettered such as in those daies they were in all this tract every one Then they alleage that for the confirmation of this matter in question the authoritie of sufficient writers which to the knowledge of things past maketh most and is all in all is altogether defective Now those they call sufficient writers whose antiquitie and learning the greater it is so is their credit the better accepted who all of them like as the ancient Britaines themselves by their saying knew not so much as the name of Brutus Caesar say they sixteene hundred yeares since as he testifieth of himselfe By all the enquirie that he could make found no more but this that the in land part of Britaine was inhabited by those who said they were borne in the very Island and the maritime coasts by such as from out of Belgium passed over thither Tacitus also a thousand and foure hundred yeares agoe who searched diligently into these particulars wrote thus What manner of men the first inhabitants of Britain were borne in the land or brought in as among barbarous people it is not certainely knowne Gildas being himselfe a wise and learned Britaine who lived a thousand yeares since hath not one word of this Brutus and doubteth whether the old Britaines had any records or writings whereby they might convey unto posteritie their own beginning and Historie professing that he wrote by the relation which hee had from beyond-sea and not by any direction out of the writings of his owne country or any records left by writers which if there were ever any at all either the enemies had burnt them or else they were carried away farre off in some fleet of exiled persons and so not extant Ninius also disciple of Eluodugus taking in hand to write a Chronicle eight hundred yeares agoe complaineth that the great Masters and Doctors of Britaine had no skill and left no memoriall in writing confessing that himselfe gathered whatsoever hee wrote out of the Annals and Chronicles of the holy Fathers To these they adjoyne Beda William of Malmesburie and as many as wrote eleven hundred and threescore years since who seeme not once to have heard of Brutus his name so silent are they of him in all their owne writings Hereupon they have noted that the name of that Brutus was never heard of in the world before that in a barbarous age and amid the thickest clouds of ignorance one Hunibald a bald writer fabled and feined That Francio a

condemned to perpetuall oblivion I may seeme to have said overmuch although it concerneth posteritie also for a Caveat that wicked generations be notified as well as noisome weeds and venemous plants As for the countrey Gourie aforesaid famous for the corn-fields and singular fertilitie of the soile it lyeth more plaine and flat along the other banke of Tay. In this tract over against Perth on the farther side of Tay standeth Scone a renowned monasterie in old time and of reverend respect for the coronation therein of the Kings of Scotland since that time K. Keneth having hard by put the Picts for the most part to the sword placed a stone here enclosed within a chaire of wood for inauguration of the Kings of Scotland that had beene transported out of Ireland into Argile which stone Edward the first King of England caused to bee conveied unto Westminster Touching which I have put down this prophesie so rise in everie mans mouth since it hath now proved true and taken effect as verie few of that sort doe Ni fallat fatum Scoti quocunque locatum Inveniunt lapidem regnare tenentur ibidem Except old sawes be vaine And wits of wisards blind The Scots in place must raigne Where they this stone shall finde But now Scone giveth title of Baron of Scone to Sir David Murray whom K. James for his good service advanced lately to that honour Where Tay now growne bigger enlargeth himselfe there appeareth over it Arrol the habitation of the noble Earles of Arrol who ever since the Bruses daies have beene by inheritance the Constables of Scotland and verily they deduce an ancient pedegree from one Hay a man of exceeding strength and excellent courage who together with his sonnes in a dangerous battaile of Scots against the Danes at Longcartie caught up an Oxe yoke and so valiantly and fortunately withall what with fighting and what with exhorting re-enforced the Scots at the point to shrinke and recule that they had the day of the Danes and the King with the States of the kingdome ascribed the victorie and their owne safetie unto his valour and prowess Whereupon in this place the most battle fruitfull grounds were assigned unto him and his heires who in testimony hereof have set over their coat a yoke for their crest over their Armes Three Escotcheons Geules in Argent Touching Huntley castle that joyneth unto it I have nothing to write but that it hath given title to a very potent great and honourable family whereof I am to speake hereafter ANGUSIA or ANGUS BY the out-let or mouth of Tay and more within beside the river North-Eske Anguis called by the naturall and true Scots Aeneia lyeth extended with goodly fields bearing wheat and corne of all kinds plentifully with large hills also and pooles forrests pastures and meadowes and also garnished with many forts and castles In the very first entry into it from Goury standeth Glamis a castle and the Baronie of a family surnamed Lions which arose to honour and reputation ever since that Sir I. Lion standing in the high favour of King Robert the Second received this and the dignity of a Baron with the Kings daughter for her marriage portion and therewith as I finde written the surname of Lion with a Lion in his Armes within a Treassure Floury as the Kings themselves doe beare but in different colours like as Sir Patrick Lion Lord Glamis who now liveth was advanced very lately by King James the Sixth of that name to the honour of the Earle of Kinghorn Not farre hence standeth Forfare where for the administration of justice the Barons Greies are hereditary Sheriffs who being descended from the Greies of Chillingham in the county of Northumberland came into Scotland with King James the first at his returne out of England upon the first of whom named Andrew the King of his bounteous liberality bestowed the Seigniorie of Foulis together with Helen Mortimer in marriage for his advancement Hard by the mouth of Tay is situate Dundee sometimes called Alectum others tearme it in Latin Taodunum a towne verily of great resort and trade and the Constable whereof by a speciall priviledge is Standard-bearer to the King of Scots Hector Boetius who was here born expoundeth this name Dundee by way of allusion to Donum Dei that is Gods gift This Hector in the reflourishing time of learning wrote the Scottish historie elegantly and that out of such hidden and farre fetched monuments of antiquitie that Paulus Iovius wondered in his writings there should be records extant for above a thousand yeeres of these remote parts of the world Scotland the Hebrides and the Orcades considering that Italy the nource of fine wits for so many ages after the Goths were cast out was defective of writers and records But of this place Master Ionston borne not farre from it writeth thus TAODUNUM OR DEIDONUM Quâ Notus argutis adspirat molliter auris Hâc placidè coeunt Taus Oceanus Hîc facili excipiens venientes littore puppes Indigenis vasti distrahit orbis opes Saepè dolis tentata belli exercita damnis Invictis animis integra praestat adhuc Fama vetus crevit cum Relligione renatâ Lucis hinc fulsit para nitela aliis Alectum dixêre priùs si maxima spectes Commoda fo rs Donum dixeris esse Dei. Tu decus aeternum genrisque urbisque Boeti Caetera dic patriae dona beata tuae DONDEE or DUNDEE Where South wind with his whistling blasts aloft doth mildly blow There Tay with streame and sea with tide doe friendly meet below And here Dundee ships under saile harbring in gentle road The wide worlds wealth to Inlanders both sells and sends abroad By wiles betraied by force assailed oft times like to have beene With heart undaunted to this day it stands sound to be seene With new spring of religion her old fame more did grow Hence shone pure light hence to the rest cleere beames full bright did show At first Alectum clep'd it was but if you marke withall Her gifts so great perhaps you will it Donum Dei call Thou Boeth now this peoples praise and Cities joy for aye The blessings all besides of thine owne native place shalt say From hence standeth within sight Brochty-cragge a good fortresse which the English garrison souldiers manfully defended and made good for many moneths together what time as in their affectionate love to a perpetuall peace they desired and wished for a marriage betweene Marie heire apparent of Scotland and Edward the sixth King of England and upon promise thereof demanded it by force of armes and in the end of their owne accord abandoned the said piece Then there lieth full against the open Ocean Aberbroth short Arbroth a place endowed with ample revenues and by King William dedicated in old time to Religion in honour of Thomas of Canterburie beside which the Red-head

course under sayle so long the Saylors forbare to eat They used a drinke made of barley and so doe wee at this day as Dioscorides writeth who nameth Curmi wrong for Kwrw for so the Britaines call that which we terme Ale Many of them together had but one wife among them as Eusebius recordeth in Evangelica Praeparatione 6. Plutarch reporteth That they lived one hundred and twenty yeares for that the cold and frozen countrey wherein they dwelt kept in their naturall heat But what those ancient times of cruell Tyrants were whereof Gildas writeth I know not unlesse he meaneth them that in this countrey tooke upon them the sway of government against the Romans and were at that time called Tyrants for soone after he addeth thus much out of S. Hierome Porphyrie raging in the East-parts as a mad dog against the Church annexed thus much to his furious and vaine stile Britaine saith he a Province plentifull of tyrants Neither will I speake of their ancient religion which is not verily to be counted religion but a most lamentable and confused Chaos of Superstitions For when Satan had drowned the true doctrine in thicke mists of darkenesse The ugly spectres of Britaine saith that Gildas were meere Diabolicall exceeding well neere in number those of Egypt whereof some we doe see within or without desert walles with deformed lineaments still carrying sterne and grim lookes after their wonted manner But whereas it is gathered that the Britaine 's were together with Hercules at the rape of Hesione and that out of these verses which they take to bee made by Cornelius Nepos whiles he describeth the marriage of Telamon and Hesione Et in aurea pocula fusi Invitant sese pateris plebs mista Britanni Mid cups of gold a medly sort thus lying all along Boll after Boll quaft lustily and Britans them among That is altogether poeticall and I can cleerely by good evidences as it were under hand and seale prove that the author thereof was not as the Germans would have it Cornelius Nepos but one Ioseph of Excester who hath made mention of our King Henrie the second and Thomas Archbishop of Canterburie Whether Ulysses entred thus farre whose arrivall in Caledonia a certaine altar engraven with Greeke letters as Solinus saith hath testified Brodaeus maketh doubt and I would judge that erected it was rather in the honour of Ulysses than by Ulysses himselfe although they avouch Ulysses to bee the very same Elizza that was Japhets sonne For apparant it is out of Histories and alreadie I have said as much that the most ancient Greeks undertooke long voyages by sea and land no marvell then it ought to seeme if their be also some names and monuments of theirs found in divers places And often times they derived those names not so much from their owne denominations as from Worthies who were held in as much reverence if not more among them as were either Confessors or Martyrs among Christians Like as therefore the names of Saint John Saint Dominicke Saint Francis and infinite other Saints departed are imposed upon new-found places so also that it hapned time out of mind with the Greeks who will denie but who among all the worthies made either more wandring voyages or of longer continuance at Sea than did Vlysses No marvell then if Sailers made vowes very often unto him above all others and unto those places where they arrived and landed did consecrate according to their vowes names from him Thus Vlyssippo upon the mouth of the river Tagus tooke the name and thus elsewhere other monuments of Vlisses Laertes and their companions which are not properly to be referred unto Vlysses as the founder but wee must think that by the Greeks who discovered strange and forraine coasts they were dedicated in the honour of that Worthy who of all others had travelled and seene most Whereas John Tzetzes in his Treatise intituled Varietie of Stories hath written that our British Kings bestowed upon that renowned Cato the elder who had perpetuall conflict with the manners of the Roman people certaine presents for his vertues sake let him make good and save his owne credit himselfe yet thus much all the world knoweth how that Writer is full fraught with fables Neither would I have you believe that Alexander the Great came out of the East Indies to Gades and so forward to Britaine howsoever Cedrenus maugre all other Historiographers writeth thus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is And from thence being come unto Phasis Gades and the British nation and having furnished himselfe with a thousand hulkes c. Of the same stampe is that also which Trithemius reporteth out of Hunnibald that King Bassianus put away his wife the King of the Orkneys daughter in the 284. yeare before the birth of Christ and thereupon he with the aid of the Britaines Kings made warre upon Bassianus Nor let any man thinke that Hanniball ever warred in Britaine because wee read thus in Polybius in the Eclogues of his tenth Booke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thus much in briefe now that Hanniball was enclosed within the streights of Britaine For the place is corrupt and for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it should bee read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as it is in Dio booke 42. For in both places there is a speech of the Brutii in Italie And yet I may not deny but that about this time the Greeks came to our Island For Atheraeus in describing out of Moschion a most ancient author that ship of Hiero at the hugenesse and workemanship whereof all men wondred reporteth that the maine mast thereof was with much adoe found by a certaine swineheard in the mountaines of Britaine and by Phileas Taurominites the Mechanick conveied into Sicilie But I feare lest the Criticks judge that the true reading here also should bee 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and likewise understand it of the Brutian mountaine in Italy But it seemeth that the Britaine 's were entermingled with the Cimbri and the Gaules in those expeditions which were made into Italy and Greece For besides the name common to them both it is recorded in a most ancient British Booke entituled Triadum wherein mention is made of three mightie hosts leavied from among the Britans That a certaine forrain captaine leavied a marvellous puissant army from hence which having wasted a great part of Europe at the last sat him downe and abode hard by the Greekish sea meaning perhaps Gallatia That Brennus a King so famous in Greek and Latine writers both was a Britan there be that thinke they can easily prove For mine owne part thus much onely I know that his name is not yet growne out of use with the Britans who in their language call a King Brennin whether in honorable memory of him I dare not determine Certes that Britomarus the militare captaine among them of whom

people have other names given unto them by their neighbours than they use themselves whereby often times there is a secret light given unto nations of their descent as for example the Inhabitants of the lower Pannonia who terme themselves Magier are in Dutch named Hungari for that they came first of the Huns they that border upon the Forrest Hercynia among themselves are called Czechi but by others Bohemi because they descended from the Boij in Gaule the Inhabitants of Africke who having also a peculiar name among themselves are by the Spaniards termed Alarbes for that they be Arabians the Irish who call themselves Erinach are by our Britans named Gwidhil considering also that as well those Irish and these our Britans gave no other name to us English men then Sassons because were are descended from the Saxons I would have the learned Scotish men first to consider whether they might not bee called of their neighbours as one would say Scythae For even as the Flemings and other Netherlanders expresse by this one word Scutten both the Scythians and Scots so it hath beene observed out of our British writers that they named both Scythians and Scots Y-Scot Ninnius also expresly calleth the Britans that inhabite Ireland Scythians and the narrow sea through which they passed over out of Ireland into Britaine Gildas nameth Vallem Scythicam that is The Scythian Vale. For so hath the copie printed at Paris where others without all sense read Stythicam Vallem Moreover King Alfred who seven hundred yeares past translated the Historie of Orosius into the English-Saxon tongue turned Scotos into Scyttan and our Country-men who dwell next to Scotland use to call them not by the name of Scots but Scyttes and Scettes For like as Walsingham is mine author the same people be called Getae Getici Gothi Gothici so from one and the same originall Scythae Scitici Scoti Scoeici take their names But whether this name were imposed upon this nation by their neighbours in regard of Scythian manners or because they came out of Scythia let them here advise well upon it Surely both Diodorus Siculus and also Strabo compare the first Britans inhabiting Ireland which is the native country indeed of the wild Irish and those that be right Scots with the Scythians for their savage nature Besides they drinke bloud out of the wounds of men slaine they establish leagues among themselves by drinking one anothers bloud and suppose that the greater number of slaughters they commit the more honour they win and so did the Scythians in old time To this wee may adde that these wild Scots like as the Scythians had for their principall weapons bowes and arrowes For Orpheus termeth Scythians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 even as Aelianus and Julius Pollux Sagittarios that is Archers And learned men there be that thinke hereupon both nations had this name given unto them for their skill in shooting Neither may this seeme strange that divers nations carried the same names by occasion of the same manners as they who have travailed all over the West-Indies doe write that all strange and hardie men that doe so much mischiefe with bow and arrowes throughout all India and the Isles thereof are by one name called Caribes although they be of divers nations Now that these Scots came out of Scythia the Irish Historiographers themselves doe report For Nemethus the Scythian and long after him Delas one of Nemethus his progenie that is of the Scythian stocke they reckoned among the first Inhabitants of Ireland Ninnius likewise a Disciple of Eluodugus hath plainly written thus In the fourth age of the world that space I meane which was betweene the building of Salomons Temple and the captivitie of Babylon the Scythians possessed themselves of Ireland And hereto accordeth the authoritie of later writers to wit of Cisnerus in his preface to Crantzius and of Reinerus Reineccius who writeth thus There remaineth yet the nation of the Scots in Britaine sprung from the Scythians c. And yet I verily doubt although the Getae were a Scythicke nation whether the Poet Propertius meaneth those Irish of ours in writing thus Hibernique Getae Pictoque Britannia curru Both Irish Getes and Britaine with her painted chariot But the Scots should lose part of their honour and dignitie unlesse they be brought out of Spaine into Ireland For both they themselves and their Historiographers labour to prove with all their might and maine and good reason I assure you have they so to doe Unlesse therefore wee find Scythians in Spaine all our labour is lost And that Scythians have beene in Spaine to say nothing of a promontorie or point among the Cantabri called Scythicum next unto Ireland and how that Strabo writeth that the Cantabri and Scythians sorted well together in their deportment Silius Italicus a Spaniard borne doth most plainely declare for by these verses he sheweth that the Concani a nation of Cantabria were begotten of the Massagetae that is Scythians Et quae Massagetem monstrans feritate parentem Cornipedis fusâ satiaris Concane venâ And ye your Parents Massagets in fiercenesse that doe show Hight Concani drinke horses blood as it from veine doth flow And after some few verses betweene hee proveth that the Sarmotae whom all men confesse to have beene Scythians built the Citie Susana in Spaine whiles hee singeth in this note Sarmaticos attollens Susana muros Susana with high Sarmatian wals Of these Sarmatians or Scythians the Luceni whom Orosius placeth in Ireland seem to be descended considering that the Spaniards themseves put Susana among the Lucensians of Spaine like as of those Concani the Gangani of Ireland For the Lucensij and Concani in Cantabria were neighbour nations even as the Luceni and Gangani in that coast of Ireland opposite to Spaine Now if any man demand of me what those Scythians were which came into Spaine Verily I know not unlesse a man would thinke them to have beene Germans And I could wish that the Scots themselves would enter into a more serious and deepe consideration of this point But that the Germans long agoe entred into Spaine beside Plinie who calleth the Oretani in Spaine Germans Seneca which was a Spaniard borne will enforme us The mountaine Pyrenaeus saith he stopped not the passage of the Germans the levitie of men made shift to enter through places scant passable and unknowne And that the Germans were called Scythians we gather not onely out of Ephorus and Strabo who termed all the nations in the North Scythians but also out of Plinie The name of Scythians quoth he extendeth it selfe farre and wide every way even to the Samaritans and Germans Aventinus also witnesseth that Germans were by the Hungarians called Scythae and Scythulae And to derive descent from a Scythian stock cannot be thought any waies dishonourable seeing that the Scythians as they are most

Cuthred a learned counsellor Cuthbert Notable for his skill neere unto these sound the Greeke names Sophocles Sophianus c. EAD in the compounds and Eeadig in simple words sheweth as much as Happinesse and Blessednesse Thus Eadward is all one with Happie Saviour or preserver Eadulph Blessed helpe Eadgar happie power Eadwin Fortunate Conquerour Of which there is some resemblance in the Greeke names Macarius and Eupolemus in the Latine also Faustus Fortunatus Faelicianus c. FRED soundeth all one with peace for so our ancestours called Sanctuaries Fredstole that is the seats of peace Thus Frederic is as much as Powerable or wealthy in peace Winfred Victorious peace Reinfred Sincere peace GISLE among the English Saxons betokeneth a pledge or hostage as Eredgisle an hostage of peace Gislebert a notable or famous pledge like as in Greeke Homerus HOLD in the old Glossaries like as Wold also is interpreted Governour or chiefe Lieutenant although in other places it signifieth LOVE as Holdlic Lovely or Amiable HELM is as much as Defence Thus Eadhelm Happie defence Sighelm Victorious defence Berthelm Notable or famous defence even as these Greeke names Amyntas Boetius c. HARE and Here as they are diversly pronounced betokened both an Armie and also a Lord so Harhold that is the Ruler of an Armie Hareman A Principall or Chiefe man in an Armie Herebert Excellent in an armie Herwin a Victorious armie or Conquerour of an Host not unlike to those Greeke names Stratocles Polemarchus Hegesistratus c. HILD in Alfricks Grammar is expounded Lord and Lady thus Hildebert betokeneth a famous or brave Lord Mathild a Virgin Ladie and in the same sense is Wiga found LEOD that is to say People thus Leodgar is one mightie with the people LEOF signifieth Love thus Leofwin He that winneth love Leofstan Most deare or best beloved like as in Greeke Agapetus Erasmus Erastus Philo and in Latine Amatus and Amandus MVND betokeneth Peace whereof our Lawyers-terme Mundbreach commeth that is to say Breach of peace so Eadmund is Happie peace Aethelmund Noble peace Aelmund Wholly peaceable or Make-peace whereunto are well neere equivalent these names Irenaeus and Hesychius in Greeke Lenis Pacatus Sedatus Tranquillus in Latine RAN RAR and ROD differing in Dialect imply Counsell as Conrad Powerfull or skilfull in counsell Etheldred a noble Counsellor Rodbert notable for counsell and in sense not unlike to Eubulus Thrasibulus in Greeke RIC signifieth Potent Rich and Valiant as Fortunatus in these verses hath taught us Hilperîce potens si interpres barbarus adsit Adjutor fortis hoc quoque nomen habet O Hilpericke so mightie thou stood here th'expounder by Of bar'brous words an helper strong eke doth this name imply Like as Alfric Al or wholly powerfull Athelric Nobly valiant or mighty Unto which names these in Greeke allude Polycrates Crato and Plutarch●s Opimius also in Latine SI● usually among them was put for Victorie whereupon Sigbert Renowned or glorious for victorie Sigward a victorious Protectour Sigard Victorious towardnesse And to the same sense in manner Nicocles Nicomachus and Nicander with the Greekes Victor Victorinus Vincentius c. among the Latines STAN was among those old Forefathers of ours a termination of the Superlative degree as Athelstan that is Most noble Betstan best Leefstan most liefe or deare Wistan most wise Dunstan most high WI the same that Holy as Wimund holy or sacred peace Wibert Famous or renowned for holinesse Alwi All holy like as in Greeke Hierocles Hieronymus Hosius c. WILLI and Vili among English Saxons as Billi at this day among the Germans carried a signification of Many as Willielm a defender to many Wildred Honoured or reverend of many Wilfred Peace to very many To which in sense and signification accord Polymacus Polycrates Polyphilus c. WOLD and Wald betokened with them a Ruler or Governour Hence commeth Bellewold An excellent Governour Ethelwold a noble Ruler Herwald and by inversion Waldher the Governour or Ruler of an Armie But lay a straw here for in a trifling matter others as well as my selfe may thinke these notes sufficient if not superfluous But of greater moment peradventure it will be if I here commit to writing if so be these papers be marked to long life what we have seene namely that as Egbert commanded this hither part of Britaine and which was his owne possession to bee named England so now after 800. yeares or there about come and gone even whiles we are perusing this worke King JAMES invested in the Monarchie of the whole Isle by the propitious favour and grace of God in the right of his owne inheritance and with the generall applause of all good men to the end that this said Isle which is one entire thing in it selfe encircled within one compasse of the Ocean in his owne person under one Imperiall Crowne and Diademe in one communitie of Language Religion Lawes and Judiciall processes to the increase of perpetuall felicitie and oblivion of old enmitie should beare also one name hath in the second yeare of his raigne by an Edict published and proclaimed through his Realmes assumed the name title and stile of KING OF GREAT BRITAINE in all matters generally save only in Writs and formalities of Law Instruments THE DANES WHat was the beginning of the Danes the Danes themselves verily know not for certaine For the veritie it selfe hath hissed out of the Schoole of Antiquitie not onely that Giant Danus the sonne of Humblus but also Goropius who deriveth it from a Henne Andrew Velleius a Dane and a very great scholler fetcheth their originall from the Dahae a people of Scythia and from Marc a word which should signifie not a limit but a Region Our country man Ethelward was fully perswaded that the name arose from the Citie of Donia For mine owne part I alwaies thought that they sprung from the Danciones whom Ptolomee placeth in Scandia and who by change of one letter in some copies be named Dauciones and from thence voided themselves into the desert and forsaken seat of the English to wit into Cimbrica Chersonesus untill that Jonas Jacobus Venusinus a most learned man right judicious and passing well seene in the studie of Antiquitie found out by diligent search and inquirie the very expresse tracts as it were and marks of the Danes name within Sinus Codanus or Codanonia that is the Baltish sea or Oost sea where Pomponius Mela made mention in this very tract Which names pronounced somewhat grossely by the Northerne people Cadan and Cdononum Mela forged and fashioned upon the Latine anvill into Codanum and Codanonia like as the posteritie after him Gdanum have coined out with a more gentle sound Dansk of Clodonaeus Lodovic of Cnutus Canutus And yet before the daies of Justinian the Emperour about the yeare of our redemption 570. the world tooke no knowledge of their

name For then begun they to rove upon the coasts of France and England and were by the writers that penned in Latine the histories of England named Winccingi for that they practised Piracie for Wiccinga in the Saxon tongue as Alfricus witnesseth doth signifie a Pirat that runneth from creek to creeke also Pagani that is Painims because as yet they were not become Christians but the Angles themselves in their language termed them Deniscan and often times Heathon-m●n as one would say Ethnicks Of these Danes listen to Dudo of Saint Quintins an author of good antiquitie out of the Librarie of John Stow that most studious Antiquarie of the Citie of London which was never shut from me The Danes swarmed from out of Scanza that is Scandia like bees out of an hive in manifold diuersitie and barbarous manner after they had in heat lascivious lust and wantonnesse engendred an innumerable of-spring Who after they were growne to ripenesse of yeares falling to hot contention for goods and lands with their fathers and grand-fathers yea and often times among themselves when they once overflowed and grew so populous that they could have no roome sufficient for to inhabite in the place wherein they presently dwelt having gathered together by lot a multitude of youth and springals after a most ancient custome were thrust out into forraine Realmes to conquer unto themselves lands by dint of sword wherein they might live But in the full performance of dicharging those that should be thus sent out and in mustering up their armies they sacrificed unto THVR whom they worshipped in old time as their Lord for whom they killed not any sheepe oxen or other cattell but offered mens bloud Thinking that to be the most precious holocaust and sacrifice of all others because when the Priest by casting lots had predestinated who should die they were all at once deadly smitten upon the head with oxe yokes and when every one that was chosen by lot had his braines dashed out at one severall stroke laid along hee was on the ground and sought out there was with narrow prying the fibre that is to say the veine of the heart on the left side and having after their manner drawne out the bloud thereof and stricken it upon the heads of their friends speedily they hoise up sailes and thinking that they please their God with such an act they immediatly put to Sea and fall to their ores Moreover there is another manner or rather a most foule and detestable superstition which the Danes used in pacifying their Gods and this doth Ditmarus the Bishop who was of greater antiquitie somewhat than Dudo in these words describe But because I have heard strange and wonderfull things of the ancient Sacrifices that the Danes and Normans used I will not over passe the same There is in these parts a place and the chiefe it is of this kindome called Lederum in a province named Selon where every ninth yeare in the moneth of Januarie after the time in which we celebrate the Nativitie of our Lord they all assemble together and there they kill and sacrifice unto their Gods ninetie and nine men and as many horses with dogs and cocks for the hauks which the Gods sent them certainly perswading themselves as I said before that by the same they should please them About the time of Egbert in the yeare of Christ 800. they first landed on our sea-coasts afterwards with such tumults and hurliburlies as never the like was heard of having for many yeares made foule havock over all England razing cities firing Churches and wasting countries they let out the raines loose to all barbarous crueltie driving harrying spoyling and turning all upside downe where ever they went Thus after they had killed the Kings of the Mercians East-Angles seazed upō their Kingdomes with a great part of the Kingdome of Northumberland Then was there a tribute called Dangelt imposed upon the poore people for the repressing of their robberies and outrages and that you may know what manner of imposition this was I would have you to reade these few lines copied out of our ancient Lawes The paiment of Dangelt was at the first ordained for Pirats For by sore annoying the countrey they went on and did what they could to waste it utterly And verily to keepe downe their insolencie it was enacted that Dangelt should yearely be paid that is twelve pence out of every hide of land throughout the whole country for to hire and wage those that might resist and withstand their invasion Also of this Dangelt was every Church freed and quit as also all lands that were in the proper Demesies of those Churches wheresoever they lay paying nothing at all in such a contribution as this because they trusted more in the prayers of the Church than in their defence by force of armes But when as now they assaile and set upon Aelfred King of the West-Saxons he one while by retiring and giving them ground otherwhiles by preassing hard upon them with his victorious forces not only did put them back from his owne country but also having slaine a Danish-petty-king of the Mercians expelled them in manner quite out of all Mercia and his sonne Edward the elder following in traine of his fathers victories when he had put the Danes to flight brought East England to his subjection like as Adelstane his base sonne speedily marching to atchieve victories with great slaughter of the Danes subdued Northumberland and so terribly pursued the Danes that they were forced either to depart the realme or to submit themselves unto him By the valorous prowesse of these Princes England recovered out of the whirlepit of calamities and rested from that bloody warre by the space of 50. yeares But while Etheldred a man of a dull and soft spirit raigned the Danes taking advantage of his cowardise strooke up alarme and sounded the battaile againe and having wasted the country constrained the Englishmen to redeeme their peace yearely with a great sum of monie and so insolently they bare themselves that the Englishmen conspired generally together and in one night murdred all the Danes every mothers sonne of them throughout all England thinking by the effusion of bloud to quench the fire of Danish warre which brake out neverthelesse into a more pernicious flame For Sueno King of the Danes provoked with this slaughter of his people invaded England with a puissant armie and having in a furious and enraged mood made much spoile he put Etheldred to flight subdued the whole Kingdome and left the same unto his sonne Canutus who having encountred in many cruell and sharpe battailes and those with variable fortune fought with Etheldred now returned and his sonne Edmund surnamed Iron-side had two of his sonnes succeeded after him to wit Harald a bastard and Canutus the Hardie After they were dead and the Danish yoke shaken off the Kingdome fell