Selected quad for the lemma: world_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
world_n	king_n	kingdom_n	pilate_n	2,382	5	12.0207	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A85713	The sage senator delineated: or, A discourse of the qualifications, endowments, parts, external and internal, office, duty and dignity of a perfect politician. With a discourse of kingdoms, republiques, & states-popular. As also, of kings and princes: to which is annexed, the new models of modern policy. / By J.G. Gent.; De optimo senatore. English	Goślicki, Wawrzyniec, 1530-1607.; Grimefield, John,; J. G., Gent.	1660 (1660)	Wing G2027; Thomason E1766_1; ESTC R10030	85,759	226

THE Sage Senator DELINEATED OR A DISCOURSE OF The Qualifications Endowments Parts external and internal Office Duty and Dignity OF A PERFECT POLITICIAN WITH A Discourse of KINGDOMS Republiques States-Popular As Also Of KINGS and PRINCES To which is annexed The New Models of Modern Policy By J. G. Gent. London Printed by Ja Cottrel for Sa●… Speed at the signe of the Printing-Press in St. Paul's Church-yard 1660. To the Reader THere are few or none I presume even among the Vulgar but understand that Republique or Kingdom to be most happy that lives most peaceably Yet what doth most conduce to the Welfare and Felicity of King and People hath been long debated by the Ancient as well as Modern Philosophers and Politicians Some are of opinion that good Laws work and frame the people to a civil life others think it lies in the power of good Education some imagine that it proceeds from the Influence and Operation of the Stars upon sublunary Bodies and others from the Endeavors and Examples of good Kings To the last we subscribe for the peace and tranquillity of a Nation proceeds primarily from the splendor of Princely ●●●…rtues which are so glorious and attractive that they do not onely incite the Subject to gaze on them but with an extasied admiration to adore and affect them so that they are stimulated to an imitation as far as in them lies and when Prince and People mutually labour in the pursuit of Vertue pro viribus as we say according to the utmost extent of their ability how can there chuse but be a result of Unanimity Peace and Concord To perfect this 't is requisite that a Senate be elected which is a certain number of grave wise discreet Persons that may help their Soveraign to pull in or slacken the reins of Government according as 't is judg'd convenient by the Nobility of whose Persons and the Prudence of whose Consultations married to the Judgement of the King the quiet and glory of the People is infinitely promoted and preserved To which intent and purpose we have here deciphered A SAGE SENATOR with all qualifications tending to his Perfection his Office Duty Honour Preferment and Repute among the Ancients as well as those of latter Ages first asserting and then proving their necessity and the benefit that accrews to a Kingdom or Republike from their grave and serious Debates in Counsel and their industrious management of political Affairs By such Union between King and Council Prince and People the whole Nation will undoubtedly flourish with a perpetual Verdure as if an immortal peace were entail'd upon them and their posterity for ever Laws will have their full force and efficacie as well for the punishment of Malefactors as the Reward of honourable deserving Persons Justice will run in its proper current and not be diverted to sinister and base ends by lucre or self-interest two Hammers that are able to knock a Kingdom in pieces Learning will be advanced and the Learned promoted according to their merit and desert without this no Kingdom can stand take away the Pen and the Pike will be unnecessary 'T was the Saying of a potent Monarch That He received more benefit from his dead then living Counsellours intimating thereby that his Library did afford him better Counsel then his Senate Learning and Senators like Hippocrates his Twins are inseparable they cannot dwell asunder especially in such a one as is here described And though I am sufficiently sensible that a discourse of those Qualities that are required in a Perfect Politician is not onely a work of great Importance but attended by a Troop of opposing Difficulties Yet I have endeavored to display the Ancient Government of the most famous Kingdoms Republiques and States Popular according to the Statutes Laws and Customs of the most potent as well as prudent Monarchs And my hope is though my imbecility can lay no claim to merit that my earnest desire to promote the publick good will plead my excuse and I am confident there is no person that is unprejudiced if commonly courteous but will accept of my humble Devoirs which is the very highth of the Authors Desires who at this present hath no more to say but bid thee Reader Farewel J. G. The Table The First BOOK Chap. 1. OF Senators in General their Original and Necessity pag. 1 Chap. 2. Of the diversity of Man's nature in general and of the Parentage and Education of a Senator in particular p. 13 Chap. 3. The knowledge of Arts and Sciences required in Senators and particularly that of Philosophy p. 32 Chap. 4. Of Eloquence Clemency Piety and other Vertues necessary to the accomplishment of a Senator p. 47 Chap. 5. Of Justice and her concomitants which our Senator ought to be adorned with p. 78 Chap. 6. Of Fortitude and her Concomitants as Magnanimity Constancy Patience Confidence c. p. 113 Chap. 7. Of Travel the Age Gravity and Election of our Senator pag. 136 The Second BOOK Chap. 1. OF Kings and their Prerogative pag. 157 Chap. 2. Of the division of Commonweals and Kingdoms pag. 170 Chap. 3. Wherein is contained the various Forms of the most renowned and famous Commonweals and Kingdoms in the World pag. 186 Chap. 4. The New-fangled Model of Modern Policy being of three sorts a Protectordom a Committeedom and a Rumpdom and first of the Protectordom pag. 198 Chap. 5. Of a Committeedom pag. 206 Chap. 6. Of a Rumpdom pag. 211 THE Sage Senator BOOK I. CHAP. I. Of Senators in General their Original and Necessity HE that sweateth in the pursuit of those studies that conduce to private recreation as well as publike emolument personates and represents a grave wise man and merits the general applause of all persons For Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit util● dulci And if I may be a competent Judge there is no Science accompanied with more delight to the Student or benefit to the Commonwealth into which he is incorporated than that of Government wherefore being sufficiently convinced that all the transactions of a well-regulated State are managed by solid reason mature deliberation and sound judgement not by wavering opinion uncertain fate or fantastique fortune I have made the original of Senators their duty dignity internal and external qualifications the Theme on which I intend to expatiate in general in this first Book But more particularly in this Chapter of the original cause of their institution or creation For the performance of that task which I have voluntarily imposed upon my self I have dived into the depth of civil knowledge and pried into the Arcana of Philosophy collecting whatsoever hath been related penned or experimentally known heretofore either by Academick Learning Parliaments in Commonweals Policy in Government or History But to begin Man the perfection of the Creation was not made a Citizen or Inhabitant of this World only but Lord Paramount over all Creatures that have a being within the compass of the terrestrial

Looking-glass wherein he discerns their loves Now the Subjects love hath been ever accounted the prime Citadel of a Prince In his Parliament he appears as the Sun in the Meridian in the Altitude of his Glory in his highest State-Royal as the Law informs us But lest we should spin out too long a thread and so wear the Readers Patience thread-bare we will conclude this first Book and make the discourse which we allot for the scope and Subject of our next run in another Channel Finis Libri Primi THE Second Book TREATING Of KINGS and their PREROGATIVE CHAP. I. EK {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} A Jove Principium In the Trinity we find Unity Among the Orders of Angels there is an Archangel The Heavens have their Primum mobile and the Sun is their chief Luminary The Beasts of the Forest have the Lion to their King The Fowls of the Air the Eagle The Fish of the Sea a Soveraign And shall man only be Independent Absit Absit let us therefore sing with Homer {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} Kings saith one of our quondam Pen-men though since an Apostate are lively Representations living Statues or Pictures drawn to the life of the great Deity these Pictures for their better continuance are done in Oyl the colours of the Crown never fade they are no water-colours They are Gods Vicegerents here upon earth nay God the Father God the Son and God the Holy Ghost say they are Gods and would have them live as Gods God the Father plainly affirms Joh. 10. 34. Dixi dii est is I have said ye are Gods God the Son told Pilat● Thou shouldst have no power except it were ●●…ta de super given from above And I 'm sure the Holy Ghost tells us Per me Reges regnant By me Kings reign and not by the suffrage of the people for then it would have been per nos They are the Lord 's anointed therefore not to be touch'd or brought in question by their Subjects for all the failings in a King can but make him a bad King but he remains a King still If indeed as one saith excellently Kings held their Crowns by Indentures from the People they were then disobliged from their obedience to him upon his failing in those things whereunto he was sworn at his Coronation on his part but if they receive their Crowns immediately from God and that by him alone Kings raign as is said before then they must still stick close to their Allegiance or else come off with the brand of Traytors Our modern times have furnished us with too many of that infernal rabble who were so hellishly wicked and impious as to fight against their lawful Soveraign and having got him in their clutches slew him at his own door But to the purpose The Athenians as Demosthenes writes in his Oration against Neaera when Theseus had contrived the model of their Commonwealth being accustomed to choose some one out of the number of the vertuous by a general consent manifested by holding up their hands they elected him King In ancient times the election of Kings was ever held sacrum divinum quid a certain holy and divine action among the very Heathens Romulus after the sight of twelve Ravens if we may credit Livy or rather because the lightning had pierced his body from the left to the right side as Dionysius hath it was by divination chosen King and that ordinance called Jus Auspiciorum was religiously obeyed Their authority hath been judged ever as divine as their election for Homer and Isocrates joyntly affirm That he that governeth as a King represents the Deity The Kings of Persia were honour'd as Gods and the people believed that they were the sole and absolute defenders of their Laws Liberties Lives and Country The ancient Latines called their Kings Indigetes that is deified as Aeneas and Romulus were whose bodies after they were expired could never be found Kings are the Sons not of the most voices but of the most High and as God is King of the whole Universe so are they Lords of the whole Commonwealth About their skirts they have this Motto written by the finger of God Touch not mine Anointed Nor did ever any Church-man Christian Father or Expositor obtrude any other sence upon this Text than that it was meant of Kings till such time as the Puritan and Papist both at a time and that time bearing not above 100. years date who began then to infect the world with this damnable doctrine That it was Lawful to murder Kings It is strange that two such contrary factions that had ever been antipathetical one to the other should nevertheless like Herod and Pilate agree in condemning the Lord's Anointed Dieu mon Droit is their Motto God and my Right no body else have any thing to do with me They have a Noli me tangere to defend them from the assaults of rebellious Subjects Yet although Kings are counted God's Lieutenants or Adjutant-Generals the Council Wisdom and Knowledge of Kings is not their own but given them by God who is the Author of every good and perfect gift according to that verse of the Holy Pen-man {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} And since I say no King can with his own peculiar stock of wisdom govern his Kingdom rightly for it is the prerogative of the Almighty only to know all things that appertain to good Government they have ever used to call unto their aid and assistance some wise grave men by whose advice and counsel the Kingdom might be well regulated These men being as a mean between the King and the People do on the one hand understand the Office of the King and on the other the Duty of the Subject knowing what course must be taken for the preservation of the Kings Honour and Royal Prerogative and what belongs to the profit and benefit of his good and Loyal Subjects Thus a King may govern all things well not only by his own opinion which may oftentimes prove deceitful but by the general advice and counsel of others whereby his judgement and reason is brought to perfection And as the hand divided into many fingers is thereby made more strong and apt to lay hold on all things so he that governs by the aid and assistance of Councellors will manage all publike affairs tending to the benefit of the Kingdom and Country whereof he is Soveraign with the greater discretion and wisdom for a single person is not able to manage all affairs without additionall help Alexander King of Macedonia conquered many Countries and subjugated a multitude of Enemies Pyrrhus was excellent at the choice of places for Fortification Hannibal was often attended with success in Victory but knew not how to make the best improvement of it Vincere scis Hannibal uti Victoria nescis Philopoemon was a

and fit for government others servile boorish witless destined to servitude and bondage Plato hath it that God in Man's Creation had so ordered that in the generation of those that are apt to govern he hath mixed gold of them that are appointed as assistant to Governours silver And the nature of Plough-men and Artizans is compounded with Brass and Iron which similitude Aristotle applies to the manners and capacities of men For although every man doth naturally desire that his children should resemble him yet it often happens that silver is the issue of gold and some metal of a more inferiour allay the issue of silver It is therefore very requisite that Princes pry into the nature of their Children that they may understand their disposition and they that are like Iron may be converted into gold or that proving impossible the government may be allotted to others for it hath been oraculously prophesied that those Countries that are governed by Brass and Iron should perish and come to confusion But now as to Optimacie it consists in a certain number of vertuous Citizens or at least should because they govern the Republick according to the Rules and Edicts of the Law whereas in popular States all things are contrarily managed for Liberty being the end thereof the State is ruled according to will and popular fury without the consideration of vertue or reason In such Cities men are called good because they are profitable or beneficial to the Commonwealth not for their being endowed with honesty which consists in the action of vertue so that vertue there is measured by publike profit not honesty for Popular Justice called Jus populare is where honour is conferred upon persons not according to the vertue of him that receiveth but the number of those that give it who think those things to be most equitable that are so according to the Vogue of the multitude not as Justice instructs us and that to be honourable which hath the repute of popular fame or approbation of the Multitude And though it must necessarily be granted that there is corruption in all Republicks yet is it frequently known in Popular States and that more than in any other kind of Government for if any man well-principled chance to have his residence or abode in any such State and he out of natural reason only disgust the Plebeian insolency and by admonition reprehension and correction strives to reduce the Citizens or Inhabitants to a more vertuous and religious course of life he is instantly branded with the name of an enemy to the State and arrested by the Law of Ostracisme and many times it falls out that he comes to execution Many famous Citizens of the popular States of Greece were hereby afflicted as Aristides Thucydides Socrates Themistocles and Damon and at Rome Camillus and Scipio had the same measure dealt them Aristides deserves a monument that may endure to perpetuity for his singular vertue and wisdom who for his integrity of life and conversation was sirnamed Justus And at that time when the Law of Ostracisme was in force among the Athenians a rude boorish beef-brain'd fellow with a scrole of paper in his hand chanced to meet him who with much importunacy would have forced him to write his name therein Aristides being astonished at his earnest and strange request asked him Whether any man could ever say he had injured any person No replied the fellow all the reason that prompts me to my demand is only this I stomach your Sirname Justus It is reported by Cicero that the Ephesi at the banishment of their Prince Hermodorus pronounced this Sentence Let us not excel one another and if any do contrary to what is herein specified or mentioned he shall no longer reside among us but must procure some other dwelling place Strange Customs of Popular States Plato as we have already instanced saith That no State can be long liv'd that is governed by Iron or Brass that is by phanatick or infatuated persons who being altogether unfit for Government seem to be born to disturb rather than obey For they after some petty or imaginary success at war growing insolent and tympanous have alwaies some flattering Tutors and colloguing popular Captains to extol their Vertues ready at hand who immediately upon this allured or rather caught with the golden bait of glory reject the authority of their wise governours rebelling against their Superiours and so usurping their lawful power take it into their hands and manage it according to their own corrupt wills and depraved judgements which is the cause that such States soon expire and that oftentimes in their very infancy for through the diversity of minds and opinions among them they become void of counsel and after a continued series if it last any considerable time of insolency contention and faction they become submissive either to a few or else to some single person Thus did the Athenians who having obtained the victory in a memorable Sea-fight against the Medes bladder'd up with pride from their success herein it caused sedition and tumultuation in that State notwithstanding the contrary endeavours of the more sober to prevent it Nay the original of States Popular sometimes ariseth from rebellion attempted against the Royal Party as it frequently happened at Rome and at other times it falls out when the people through tyranny are exasperated and made desperate by the rigour of their Princes or Governours for then by force of arms against their King they begin to mould a new-fashioned Government among themselves which the Swisses not many years since have done As to Oligarchy or Tyranny we shall not extend our discourse but pass them by because we judge such kind of Government to be altogether unjust insupportable and quite contrary to a vertuous and civill life Now as to the discovery of the most notable and imitable Commonweals and Kingdoms in the habitable World that shall be the subject of our ensuing Chapter CHAP. III. Wherein is contained the various Forms of the most memorable and famous Commonweals and Kingdoms in the World THe excellency and pre-eminency of every Nation or Republick may easily be understood by the Government and Laws therein practised and exercised for those are judged the best that direct the course of their life according to justice and equity and not the peculiar w●imsies of their own natural fancy and constantly persevere therein without so much as the appearance of change or variation it is an apparent and clear argument of female frailty far derogating from the dignity of Man to be so fickle and inconstant as to seek after variety but to be fix'd and grounded is an argument of a noble resolution And first as for the Commonwealth of Plato we shall pass that by because it is usually said that such a Government as his neither is hath been nor shall be hereafter The Athenian Republick was first made as followeth That People being dispersed and haunting the woods

brave Admiral at Sea Cleon could manure lands and possessions Cicero was a famous Orator Pompeius a valiant General Cato a grave Senator and Scipio admirable both in peace and war So were several others that might be instanced for every man according to the Proverb is a Roscius in his own Profession Now when so many well-qualified Heroes are bound up together in Council what a Constellation of Vertues will shine and appear there And what firm Edicts and good Laws will there be enacted by them for the publick benefit and good of the Kingdom which he is obliged to for he is called Rex à Regendo but some will have it à recte agendo And it is clear that one man cannot be so clear sighted as to perceive all which proves that verse of Homer to be true rendred into Latine thus Bini conveniunt melius rem perspicit alter Nor doth this any waies diminish his power and authority for though many convene yet he is still the head of them all and hath a negative voice nor can any Act be pass'd without his Royal assent or approbation It is taken pro confesso that there is much care and vigilancy required in a Monarch for he must not seek so much after his own profit as the publike good and commodity of his People he must observe the Laws preserve the Rights and Liberty of his Subjects and maintain the authority and reputation of his Senate For Kings were first of all instituted for the aid and assistance of the vertuous against those that are vicious to them absolute power is transmitted to the end that they may revenge injuries and be just Judges in all causes and legal proceedings A good King ought to be as vigilant over those whom Providence hath allotted him Supreme as a Shepherd is of his Flock Homer calls King Agamemnon the shepherd of the People and Plato in imitation of him the Shepherd and Conserver of Mankind Besides he should govern his People not as Masters do their Servants but as Parents do their Children with Paternal care not with rigid severity or cruelty And as it is customary with indulgent Parents sometimes to rebuke their Children sometimes to admonish and encourage them and sometimes also to correct and punish them so should a Prince behave himself toward his Subjects manifesting himself sometimes severe when moved thereunto and at other times gentle affable and courteous both for the preservation of his people and the safety of the Kingdom defending and enlarging the bonum commune with no less care than a Father provides for the sustentation of his Children This makes the difference between Kings and Tyrants the one is studious for the publike good the other for his own private profit The end of the Tyrants endeavour is voluptuousness but the Kings study is honour Riches are the mark at which a Tyrant levels but Vertue is the true Meta of the King Tyrants desire the assistance of strangers but Kings are guarded by their own loyal Subjects Alphonsus King of Arragon being demanded what Subjects of his he most tenderly affected answered I love them better that love me than those that fear me And not without reason did he thus express himself for fear is usually accompanied with hatred A King is as secure by the love good will and loyalty of his Subjects as by the defence of Arms and his Senators will stand him in more stead upon any occasion than a Tyrants Souldiers Trajanus that great Emperour of the World did alwaies call the Senate his Father for as the Father usually foretels the Son what may prove beneficial and what injurious to him so the Senate counsels the King and instructs him how to conserve his Kingdom and by what Laws and Ordinances it must be governed This is the only way to keep the King from Tyranny and the Subject from Rebellion Now tyranny in the one with rebellion in the other will soon verifie that Dystich of the Satyrist Adgenerum Cereris sine caede vulnere pauci Descendunt Reges sicca morte Tyranni A good King knows how to irretiate and allure the hearts of the People to him by love and clemency sooner than by violence and compulsion And good people know their duty and obedience and if the King through the sins of the people be any way misguided they will bite their nails and not scratch their heads they know it is a crime inexplable to quarrel with Majesty the only way to live happy in a Kingdom is this first to give God and then Caesar his due But when Kings grow tyrannical then there is little or no allegiance from the Subject but what they are compelled to whereas that is far more to be esteemed that flows naturally and voluntarily from the people and this usually stirs them up to sedition and so consequently to their utter ruine and destruction and the downfal both of Kingdom and King and the reason is because Tyrants use certain sleights and State-tricks to deprive the Subject of liberty First by clearing the Country of all good and wise men either by banishment imprisonment or death because the vertue of good men reproves them for their vice and renders them odious whenas all they aim at is only to enslave the Nation to the intent that they may prosecute their own lust and pleasure without obstruction Such counsel as this Periander poysoned Thrafibulus with who by his infernal Rhetorick endeavoured to perswade him to cut off the highest spikes of corn meaning thereby that he should cause the cream of the Athenian Nobility to be executed The like subtilty did Sextus Tarquinius the Son of Lucius follow who being suborned by his Father pretended to be banished and fled fraudulently to the Gabii where having scrap'd as much acquaintance as he judged convenient sent privily to his Father to know his will and pleasure and what farther was to be done in the business for his satisfaction who conducted the Messenger into the garden where walking together he with a wand in his hand strook off all the heads of the Poppies before him which being by the Nuncio reported to his Son who had hellish wit enough to understand such damnable mysteries soon put the chief of the Nobility to death and by force and injustice usurped the Government of the Commonwealth and deprived the Subjects of their liberty Another knack they have to prejudice their Subjects by inhibiting their meetings conventions and conferences to prevent their study of honest discipline Nay farther they often sow discord among the people to the end that filled with hate and private displeasure they may be stirred up to civil war and sedition who being thereby much impoverished and the war ceasing are compelled to pay for their pardon and being after this manner fleeced both waies of their money and reduced to poverty become base minded and altogether unfit to defend their Lives Laws or Liberties These and many more that might