sin in the world hath infinitely magnified his own goodness It is the saying of a very ingenious Author Satis usui sunt scelera si artem peritiam divinae beneficentiae provocant Sin is of use enough to God in the business of his glory if by it the act and skill of the Divine Goodness and Bounty be made appear to the world the goodness and mercy of God is that Attribute of his which above all others he hath made choice of to glorify himself in and by it is that in which he delighteth which is above all his works Now without the permission of sin yea of the aboundings of sin it had been impossible that Divine Goodness and Bounty should have been so commended to the world Let me open this a little 1. Christs coming and dying for sinners was the greatest act of love that was ever shewed to the children of men What greater love could the eternal Father shew than to give his Son out of his own bosom to be a sacrifice for sins God so loved the world saith John 3 Chap. 16. that he gave his only begotten son Moralists make a question about taking the true measures of the magis and minus of love whether the greatness of love be to be measured from the affliction intention and self-denial of the party loving or the benefit redounding to the person beloved but measure which way you will it was the greatest love on the Fathers side and the greatest that Christ could shew for greater love than this hath no man shewed John 15. and herein God commends his love towards us Rom. 5.8 Besides the inhabitation of the spirit was a benefit of Christs death an effect of his purchase And what greater love could be shewed on the part of the Holy Spirit which is the Spirit of Christ than for it to come down and to dwell in the heart of a poor creature for the person of a believer to be made the temple of the Holy Ghost the receptacle of the Spirit of Grace Now if there had been no sin no sinners in the world what room had there been for a Saviour what needed one to have turned away iniquity from Jacob to have been wounded for our iniquities bruised for our transgressions He dyed for our sins saith the Apostle How could the love of the eternal Father in sending his Son or the love of the Son in taking upon him our nature and dying for us or the love of the Holy Spirit in sanctifying us and renewing us and dwelling in us been manifested to the world If a strong man had not kept the house what need had there been of a stronger than he to have come and dispossessed him All the love of the Father Son and Holy Ghost magnified in the business of mans Redemption and the whole Oeconomy of a Gospel-salvation had been conceal'd and not known to the world 2. Again How could the love of God in the conversion of sinners in the pardon of their sins in their justification the sense they oft have of his love have been manifested to the world What need were there of any pardon if no sins were permitted where were the aboundings of grace in pardoning if there were no aboundings of sin What love of God could be seen in the conversion of sinners if no sinners were permitted in the world How should God magnify his grace by saying to any soul Be of good cheer thy sins are forgiven thee if he did not suffer sins to be committed Thus you see the greatness of Divine Goodness and Mercy could never have been declared to the world but for the motions of Providence in the permission of sins and sinners yea and of the aboundings of them 3. Did not the Actual Providence of God thus permit sin and much sin in the world How should the long-suffering and patience of God be magnified in the world This also is a piece of Gods Name and such a one by which he designeth to make himself glorious he stileth himself Exod. 34.6 Gracious merciful long-suffering slow to anger and Numb 14.18 The Lord is long-suffering and full of tender compassion Now sin and sinners are the objects about which the long-sufferance of God is exercised He endured with much long-suffering saith the Apostle Rom. 9.22 vessels of wrath fitted for destruction How often do we find this in our own experience when we hear wretches blaspheming God and daring Divine Justice how often are we ready to say and it is a good reflexion O what a patient God do we serve which of us would endure such affronts and defiances as God endureth every day The aboundings of sin in the world make the considerate part of the inhabitants of it admire and adore the long-suffering and patience of God 3. The wisdom of God is also wonderfully magnified by Gods permission of sin The Apostle calleth God the only wise God None so wise as God is and the wisdom of God is eminently magnified by his permission of sin One great business of wisdom is to make an Election of the best end but this is not that which I am here speaking to God hath fixed his end it is his own glory and as I have often told you he can aim at no other end than himself and his own glory But next to a good Election of an end wisdom is eminently seen in the choice and conduct of means in order to a proposed end but herein is the heighth of wisdom to be able to make use of the most unlikely means and make them to serve our purpose It is a point I have touched something largely upon in my former discourses upon this Argument and therefore I shall not here enlarge upon it To bring a not-being into a being to make a thing out of nothing argueth an infinite power though there be aliquid materiae something of a matter yet if there be nihilum subjecti no aptitude in the matter to produce an effect of that nature as when God took the rib of a man and made of it a woman this argued also an omnipotent infinite power But yet methinks for God to produce his glory out of the aboundings of sin argueth yet something more if not of power yet of wisdom to make the wrath of men to praise him and the lyes of men to glorify him O how doth this commend the infinite wisdom of an only wise God! Sin all sin is quite opposite and repugnant to the glory of God it speaks the great Wisdom of God to bring out his glory from it Thus God hath glory by accident from the permission and sufferance of sin in the world 4. But let me further shew how God is further glorified by reason of the aboundings of sin in the manifestation of his Justice his Punitive and Vindicative Justice Rom. 9.22 What if God willing to shew his wrath and to make his power known endured with much long-suffering vessels of wrath fitted
be such a sufficient grace granted to all It must be sufficient either as a Physical or Natural cause or as a Moral cause Physical causes we know act necessarily All that can be pretended is a sufficiency as a Moral cause Now certainly in the Gospel and the preaching of it there is only a proposition of things to be believed and done and arguments used to perswade the belief or doing of them the Question still is by what power it is that a man doth believe and do What is in the word written propounded in the word preached so persuaded and argued We say it is not of our selves it is the gift of God and it is given to them who believe on the behalf of Christ to believe Phil. 1.29 Now this means is not given unto all the Habits are not infused from whence as from their Roots and Principles these actions must proceed To this they have nothing to say but that these actings flow from a Principle in mans will yet all men have the same reasonable Souls thus God giveth Faith and Holiness no more to Paul than to Judas The upshot is therefore That there is in man a self sufficiency to his own Salvation and need not to be beholden to Father Son or Holy Ghost for it being once brought forth into the World and possessed of a reasonable Soul he hath a sufficiency to his own Slavation and may be a God unto himself but it is not proper to call this means we are otherwise taught from the Holy Scriptures and therefore cannot agree it That all men have an auxilium sufficiens a sufficiency of grace and gracious assistances in order to their obtaining Eternal life and Salvation 2. Quest But the Second Question still remains viz. How can God be just in the condemnation of any Sinner to whom he hath not given a sufficient aid and assistance of grace in order to his Salvation To this in my former discourses I have spoken sufficiently But yet I will speak something to it here falling so fully in my way Answ 1. I answer first God did give unto Adam sufficient aids and assistances of Divine grace to have carried him and all his posterity to Heaven What was given unto him was given to him and his to him as a publick Person in whom we all were Arnoldus contra Mol. c. 6. Sect. 2. Episcopius disp 5. thes 6. and fell Arminians stifly deny That Adam in his state of innocency had a power to believe in Christ because say they there was need of any Faith in Christ in that estate no Episcopius saith it is a silly Question considering we make Faith a Supernatural habit and such a one as in that state there was no need of This is no better then trifling and equivocating surely all habits of grace since the fall are Supernatural habits we must be taught of God to love God and to love one another to fear God to delight or to hope in him had Adam therefore no such powers in his state of innocency think we Further I would gladly know whether Adam had not a power in innocency to do whatsoever was necessary in order to the obtaining of everlasting Salvation If God doth not give now to every man such a sufficiency of power and Spiritual assistance yet he is just in the condemnation of Sinners Man had such a sufficiency of power and lost it but God hath not lost his right to require the exercise of it and to condemn Sinners for sin though they now want it 2. Especially considering that God hath given unto all such a sufficiency of external means as is sufficient to render them without excuse This the Apostle expresly saith Rom. 2.1 But you will say If God hath not given to all a sufficiency of means how shall man be without excuse shall not one say Lord I never heard of Christ I never saw thy Law how should I believe on him of whom I never heard how should I obey that Law which I never saw nor heard of Again shall not another say Lord I did indeed hear of a Saviour the Scripture I read I beard but I had no power to believe I could not chonge my own heart thou wouldst not change it thou indeed Lord didst stand at the door of my heart and knock but thou didst never put in thy hand at the hole of the door I answer these Sinners yet shall be inexcusable because they walked not up to that light and mercy which God gave them This is what the Apostle giveth in plea for God concerning the Heathen Rom. 1.18 21. The wrath of God saith he is revealed against the ungodliness and unrighteousness of men for saith he That which may be known of God is manifested in them for God hath shewed it to them v. 21. Because when they knew God they glorified him not as God neither were thankful but became vain in their imaginations and their foolish heart was darkned It is true we say the Heathens have not a light shining amongst them they have nothing but the light of Nature to guide them and this light maketh no discovery of Christ but yet the light shineth with them a light which will shew them there is a God and discover to them that this God is Eternal and powerful So that saith the Apostle they are without excuse because that when they knew God they glorified him not as God neither were thankful but became vain in their imaginations they improved not what light they had nor became thankful for it nor obedient to it Christians are much more inexcusable for besides that they have an equal share in Natural light and have the same dictates of Natural conscience with others there is much more of Christ and his Gospel manifested to them Christ telleth the Jews Mat. 21.32 That John came unto them in a way of righteousness and they believed not but Publicans and Harlots believed in him and you saith he when you had seen it repented not afterwards that you might believe Christians have the preaching of the Gospel the preaching of Faith and of repentance and they repent not that they might believe you will say but it is God that must give a power to repent he gave unto Gentiles repentance unto life I answer repentance is taken either more largely or more strictly More stricty it signifieth the turning of the heart from all Sin unto God this indeed is the work of God he alone hath an hand upon the heart of man but more largely it is taken for the turning from some sin and the performance of external discipline now as to this the Lord denieth unto none a sufficiency of grace and if men do not what in them lyeth they are without excuse 3. Finally It is most certain that God whether he giveth sufficient grace to all or no condemneth none but for sin I have shewed you at large that a sinners destruction is of and from himself as
VERA EFFIGIES IOHANNIS COLLINGS S.T.P. ANNO DOM 1678. AETATIS 55. Man 's but a shadow and a Picture is That shadow's shadow yet don't judge amiss Though here you onely on the shadow look What followes read The Substance is i'th'book R. White ad Vâ—â—um delin et sculp 167â— SEVERAL DISCOURSES Concerning the Actual Providence OF GOD. DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS The First Treating concerning the Notion of it establishing the Doctrine of it opening the principal ACTS of it Preservation and Government of created Beings With the particular Acts by which it so preserveth and governeth them The Second Concerning the Specialties of it the Vnsearchable things of it and several Observable things in its motions The Third concerning the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or hard Chapters of it in which an attempt is made to solve several appearances of difficulty in the motions of Providence and to vindicate the Justice Wisdom and Holiness of God with the reasonableness of his dealing in such Motions By JOHN COLLINGES D.D. LONDON Printed for Tho. Parkhurst and are to be sold by Edward Giles Bookseller in St. Andrews Parish in Norwich 1678. To the Right Honourable the Lady Frances Thompson MADAM I Beseech your Honour to believe me telling you that I have been these thirteen years ever since I had the happiness to know your Ladiship watching an opportunity as to let your Ladiship know the sense I have of the obligations you have been pleased to lay upon me so to let the world know the honour I have for your Ladiship growing up from my first observations of you which was in your Ladiships near approaches to and in your state of Widowhood I then observed Madam that your Ladiship like the child of so Honourable and pious Parents had very early entertained just noble and most honourable thoughts of the living God which had produced in you as early a choice of him as your God and of his ways as your ways with a zeal beyond the proportion which could be expected from your years Having therefore perfected the following Discourses I congratulated my self when I had thought of your Ladiship as a fit person to entitle to them and the rather because your Ladiship having not yet seen many years shall I hope have many days to observe the motions of Divine Providence both as to Polities and Persons and from thence both to conclude how true those few Observations are which I have made and to give some more eminent Divine many a subject more of this nature from your own observation Madam in the few years you have yet lived you have seen as many and as quick and inexpected rotations of Providence as the like number of years have at any time as yet produced or are like to produce and yet the wheel seems to run nimbly and a further multitude of years may add to your Ladiships wisdom in this thing I crave leave most humbly to recommend to your Honour as the observation of Issues so the confirmation of Divine Promises and Threatnings in the fulfilling of them I doubt not but your Ladiship will every day see that it is that God who cannot lye who hath commanded his Ministers at all times to say unto the righteous it shall be well with them for they shall eat of the fruit of their doings and to say Wo unto the wicked it shall be ill with them for the reward of their hands shall be given them If Madam the actual Providence of God at any time seemeth to look another way it is but keeping your patient foot a while at the Promise and Providence like the Bee will come home to the word of Promise or Threatning bringing along with it a body laden with honey to reward the godly and righteous man and a sting to smite and pierce those through who have wrought wickedness and provoked a jealous God Our blessed Lord Madam tells us Joh. 17.3 That it is life eternal for men to know God and Jesus Christ whom he hath sent The promise or predication in the proposition of that Text makes it evident that by the knowledg of the Father and Jesus Christ is meant more than the bare comprehension of the nature and things of God in our understanding as indeed knowledg and most other terms of sense do ordinarily signifie in Scripture the Greek complying with its elder sister the Hebrew which hath a great penury of words so that to know God and Christ in the true sense of that text is not only in our understandings to comprehend what may be and is necessary to be known of God but to adore love fear him believe in him to chuse him for our God In short it comprehends all those acts of our minds which are either just consequents or may rationally be inferred as duties from a just understanding and due comprehension of him but in regard according to the workings of our reasonable natures those acts will not indeed cannot be exerted without a praevious apprehension of him proportionable to what he indeed is and so as to make him an adequate object for our affections a just comprehension of God in our understandings is necessary in order to those other acts of internal homage wherein the Creature standeth indebted to his great Creator So that Solomon Prov. 19.2 did but conclude rationally That the soul should be without knowledg is not good And the great Apostle of the Gentiles askt but a reasonable question Rom. 10. How shall they believe on him of whom they have not heard All Knowledg comes into the Soul either by the Exterior senses or by reasoning and discourse or thirdly by Divine impression and revelation The two former are the more ordinary the latter a rarer and more extraordinary means of knowledg in these latter days since God hath spoken to us by his Son I speak of Knowledg strictly taken for the comprehension of things in our understanding for if we take it in the large sense even now mentioned neither sense nor reason is a sufficient mean to it By sense we can directly comprehend nothing of God for who hath seen him at any time he is an Incorporeal immaterial substance and cometh not under the cognisance of any sense nor indeed can we so know any spiritual being but in regard the effects both of him who is the Father of Spirits and of spiritual beings that are creatures are sensible Our Senses afford us oft-times an auxiliary help from which our reason draweth just conclusions concerning God from Principles which it at first it establisheth by the help of sense For example That the World is and Man is are matters of sense Now Reason concludes Nothing unless a first being can be the cause of its own existence Hence it gathers there must be a God a first being and a first cause Again when Sense hath shewed us Man a reasonable creature Reason works and tells us He that made this noble Creature must needs be more noble
Apostles and Prophets Christ himself being the chief corner stone Madam I most humbly beg pardon of your Ladiship and noble Husband for no further taking notice of him in this Epistle I had not when I wrote it knowledg enough of him to entitle me to such a presumption I now so far know him as to let me know he will not be disgusted at what is offered to your Ladiship and to assure me he is one who owneth and adoreth Divine Providence and if he had no other motives I pretty well am assured also that its dispensation towards himself in disposing such a Lady to his bosom and making him such a Father in our Israel by your Ladiship as he is and I trust shall further be would be sufficient I most humbly beg Madam all the Blessings of Heaven and Earth upon him and upon your Ladiship and all those whom God hath given you and crave the honour to subscribe my self May 1. 1678. Your Honours most humble Servant JOHN COLLINGES Mr. GEORGE HERBERT ON Providence O Sacred Providence who from end to end Strongly and sweetly movest shall I write And not of thee through whom my fingers bend To hold my quill shall they not do thee right Of all the creatures both in sea and land Only to man thou hast made known thy ways And put the pen alone into his hand And made him Secretary of thy praise Beasts fain would sing Birds ditty to their notes Trees would be turning on their native Lute To thy renown but all their hands and throats Are brought to Man while they are lame and mute Man is the Worlds High-Priest he doth present The Sacrifice for all while they below Vnto the Service mutter an assent Such as Springs use that fall and Winds that blow He that to praise and laud thee doth refrain Doth not refrain unto himself alone But robs a thousand who would praise thee fain And doth commit a world of sin in one The Beasts say Eat me but if beasts must teach The Tongue is yours to eat but mine to praise The Trees say Pull me but the hand you stretch Is mine to write as it is yours to raise Wherefore most Sacred Spirit I here present For me and all my fellows praise to thee And just it is that I should pay the rent Because the benefit accrues to me We all acknowledg both thy power and love To be exact transcendent and divine Who dost so strongly and so sweetly move While all things have their will yet none but thine For either thy Command or thy Permission Lay hands on all they are thy right and left The first puts on with speed and expedition The other curbs sins stealing pace and theft Nothing escapes them both all must appear And be dispos'd and dress'd and tun'd by thee Who sweetly temper'st all If we could hear Thy skill and art what musick would it be Thou art in small things great not small in any Thy even praise can neither rise nor fall Thou art in all things one in each thing many For thou art infinite in one and all Tempests are calm to thee they know thy hand And hold it fast as children do their fathers Which cry and follow Thou hast made poor sand Check the proud sea ev'n when it swells and gathers Thy Cupboard serves the World the meat is set Where all may reach no beast but knows his feed Birds teach us hawking fishes have their net The great prey on the less they on some weed Nothing ingendred doth prevent his meat Flies have their table â—â—read e're they appear Some creatures have in winter what to eat Others do sleep and envy not their chear How finely dost thou times and seasons spin And make a twist checker'd with night and day Which as it lengthens winds and winds us in As bowls go on but turning all the way Each creature hath a wisdom for his good The pigeons feed their tender off-spring crying When they are callow but withdraw their food When they are fledg that need may teach them flying Bees work for man and yet they never bruise Their Masters flow'r but leave it having done As fair as ever and as fit to use So both the flow'r doth stay and honey run Sheep eat the grass and dung the ground for more Trees after bearing drop their leaves for soil Springs vent their streams and by expence get store Clouds cool by heat and Baths by cooling boil Who hath the vertue to express the rare And curious vertues both of Herbs and Stones Is there an Herb for that O that thy care Would shew a root that gives expressions And if an Herb hath power what have the Stars A Rose besides his beauty is a cure Doubtless our Plagues and Plenty Peace and Wars Are there much surer than our Art is sure Thou hast hid Metals man may take them thence But at his peril when he digs the place He makes a grave as if the thing had sense And threatned man that he should fill the space Ev'n poysons praise thee Should a thing be lost Should creatures want for want of heed their due Since where are poysons antidotes are most The help stands close and keeps the fear in view The Sea which seems to stop the Traveller Is by a Ship the speedier passage made The Winds who think they rule the Mariner Are rul'd by him and taught to serve his Trade And as thy House is full so I adore Thy curious art in marshalling thy goods The Hills with health abound the Vales with store The South with Marble North with Furs and Woods Hard things are glorious easie things good cheap The common all men have that which is rare Men therefore seek to have and care to keep The healthy Frosts with Summer fruits compare Light without wind is glass warm without weight Is wool and furs cool without closeness shade Speed without pains a horse tall without height A servile hawk low without loss a spade All countreys have enough to serve their need If they seek fine things thou dost make them run For their offence and then dost turn their speed To be commerce and trade from sun to sun Nothing wears clothes but Man nothing doth need But he to wear them Nothing useth fire But Man alone to shew his heav'nly breed And only he hath fewel in desire When th' earth was dry thou mad'st a sea of wet When that lay gather'd thou didst broch the mountains When yet some places could no moisture get The winds grew gard'ners and the clouds good fountains Rain do not hurt my flowers but gently spend Your honey-drops press not to smell them here When they are ripe their odour will ascend And at your lodging with their thanks appear How harsh are thorns to pears and yet they make A better hedge and need less reparation How smooth are silks compared with a stake Or with a stone yet make no good foundation Sometimes thou dost divide
thy gifts to man Sometimes unite The Indian nut alone Is clothing meat and trencher drink and cann Boat cable sail and needle all in one Most herbs that grow in brooks are hot and dry Cold fruits warm kernels help against the wind The limons juice and rind cure mutually The whey of milk doth loose the milk doth bind Thy creatures leap not but express a feast Where all the guests sit close and nothing wants Frogs marry fish and flesh bats bird and beast Sponges non-sense and sense mines th' earth and plants To shew thou art not bound as if thy lot Were worse than ours sometimes thou shiftest hands Most things move th' under-jaw the Crocodile not Most things sleep lying th' Elephant leans or stands But who hath praise enough nay who hath any None can express thy works but he that knows them And none can know thy works which are so many And so compleat but only he that owes them All things that are though they have sev'ral ways Yet in their being join with one advice To honour thee and so I give thee praise In all my other hymns but in this twice Each thing that is although in use and name It go for one hath many ways in store To honour thee and so each hymn thy fame Extolleth many ways yet this one more A DISCOURSE Concerning ACTUAL PROVIDENCE PART I. Concerning the Nature and principal Acts of Divine Providence to all created Beings SERMON I. Ephes I. 11. Who worketh all things according to the Counsel of his Will THE Relative Particle who in the front of the Text must necessarily relate to God spoken of vers 3. Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ who hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ Many of these spiritual blessings are enumerated from that third verse to my Text. He hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world predestinated us unto the adoption of sons vers 5. Made us accepted in him vers 6. And here again ver 11. Predestinated according to the purpose of him who worketh all things according to the counsel of his will All this is written to those at Ephesus who were faithful in Christ Jesus Ephesus was a City in the lower Asia A City famous for Trade and as famous for their Idolatrous Worship of the great Goddess Diana Paul came thither Act. 18.19 20. but tarried not being to keep the feast at Hierusalem Acts 19. You find him returned thither where he stayeth two years and three months as you may gather from Acts 20. You may in that Chapter find him forced thence by an uproar of the people during the time of his abode there God used him to plant a Gospel-Church He left the charge of it with Timothy 1 Tim. 1.3 As I besought thee to abide still at Ephesus while I went into Macedonia We cannot gather from any thing in this Epistle that any such corruptions in Doctrine or manners had crept into this Church as had done into the Churches of Rome Corinth and Galatia but the blessed Apostle knew that although they stood they were concerned to take heed lest they fell and that the common temptations of those times might influence them to obviate which he writeth this Epistle unto them In the Preface contained in the two first verses he after his manner saluteth them In the third verse he begins the matter of his Epistle minding them of the wonderful benefits and acts of Grace which God had made them partakers of in and through Christ He instanceth in the Election of them to eternal life as the end and the Predestination of them to the means in order to that end ver 4 5 6 7. Thence he proceedeth to a discourse about Redemption vers 8 9 10. In this Verse he returneth again to the business of Predestination In whom also saith he we have received an inheritance being predestinated according to the purpose of him Who worketh all things according to the counsel of his will Where you have two things affirmed concerning God 1. That God worketh all things As he at first created all things so he worketh all things some by way of Efficiency and special influence others by way of Permission or he worketh all things whatsoever is not sinful 2. That he doth it according to the counsel of his will I am aware that there are some Divines who restrain the Universal Particle all things to the things before spoken of or at least to all those things which God worketh in a way of Efficiency The latter is Bellarmine's sense for which he quoteth Hierome I do rather encline to those Interpreters who think all things are to be interpreted more generally Nor is there any fear that by this interpretation we should make God the Author of sin for besides that after Bellarmine had spit his Venom against Calvin and Beza Bellar. de amiss Gratiae statu peccati cap. 15. he could find out a way himself to entitle God to all things yet not to sin for he tells us right Peccatum facere est deficere certainly all actions as things or natural motions must be from him in whom we live move and have our being though the irregularity obliquity malice and deformity and crookedness of actions in which alone lyes the sinfulness of them is not from God but from the corruption and malice of the sinners hearts Now the very esse formale of sin if it be not improper to say so lyeth not in the natural action but in the obliquity and deviation of the action from the Divine rule and this neither Calvin nor Beza nor any valuable person ever ascribed unto God And therefore the All things of the Text may safely be understood of all beings natural motions and actions and to entitle God to them is no more than to say after the Apostle In him we live and move and have our being Now the Text doth not only say That God worketh all things but that he worketh all things according to the counsel of his will that is an eternal Decree made in infinite wisdom So that two Propositions are plain enough in the Text 1. Prop. 1 That there hath been an eternal purpose and counsel of the Divine will concerning all things 2. Prop. 2 That according to this eternal counsel of the Divine will the Lord worketh all things I begin with the first of these Nothing hath come to pass nor ever shall but what the will and counsel of God hath before determined that it shall be observe that phrase That it shall be There are many things have been done and are every day done or doing in the world which the purity and holiness of God will allow him to have no efficiency in but there is no effect which he hath not willed should be done Indeed concerning the means the primary efficient or instrumental causes of actions Gods VVill hath moved variously For all good
Lastly Reason creates in the soul at best but a faint assent to this Proposition That the worlds are made by God and still leaveth the mind under incertain fluctuations and doubts about it By faith we understand saith the Text we are not properly said to understand those things of which we have only a general confused indistinct knowledg and to which we only give an incertain languid assent The great Philosopher in the world as you have heard hath doubted whether the world were made at all or had an eternal existence Others whether it had not its Original from a casual concourse of Atoms infinitely vain have been unsanctified mens imaginations as in other things so concerning the Original of the world and optimus Philosophus we say non nascitur We are disputing still the most confessed conclusions which are no more than the structures of Reason So that indeed we are beholden to Faith to the Revelation of the word which is the object of Faith and to the habits of Grace habits of faith for the settlement of our minds in Propositions of truth It is but an auxiliary advantage as to Divine Propositions which Reason gives us our mind is not set at rest and settled by them A luxuriant wit and fancy maketh all the perswasion and confirmation of them from Reason very incertain Faith only brings the Soul to a rest about them and gives the soul a clear distinct certain notion and understanding of them By Reason we rather think and opine than understand and certainly know that the worlds were made by God But this is enough for the Explication I come to the Application of the Doctrine This in the first place may help to confirm our Faith concerning the Divine Being the Vnity of it Vse 1 and the Trinity of persons in it the worlds were made by God Then there must be a God whose being was pre-existent to the world and this God must be infinite in Power and in Wisdom The producing of things out of a not-being into a being required an infinite power the producing of such a variety of Beings many of which were furnished and adorned with such excellent perfections and qualities the kniting and joynting of all together and putting them in such an excellent subjection and subordination each to other required an infinite wisdom a wisdom paramount to any created wisdom yea above all the wisdom of the Creatures had all their wisdoms been united This being infinite in Power and Wisdom must be God In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth Gen. 1.1 God alone spread out the heavens Job 9.8 He made the heavens and the earth the sea and all that therein is Yea thus the Lord proveth himself to be God I am the Lord and there is none other forming the light and making the darkness vers 7. And thus the true and living God standeth distinguished from Idols Jer. 10.11 The Gods that have not made the heavens and the earth even they shall perish from the earth and from under these heavens He hath made the earth by his power he hath established the world by his wisdom and hath stretched out the heavens by his discretion Thus the Apostle argues Heb. 3.4 Every house is builded by some but he that made all things is God yea and this God is one The uniformity of this great structure the beauty and order and subordination of all things in it do abundantly prove this by Reason But Faith yet more confirmeth it Mal. 2.10 Have we not all one father hath not one God created us Indeed as I before said the structure and fabrick of it sheweth that one will willed it one wisdom contrived and directed it and that one hand framed it And this one God is three persons the Father of whom are all things 1 Cor. 8.6 The Son by whom are all things for without him was nothing made that is made Joh. 1.3 By him he made the worlds Heb. 1.3 The Holy Spirit that moved at the first upon the face of the waters Gen. 1.1 Thou sendest forth thy spirit and they were created Psal 104.30 Job 33.4 The Spirit of God hath made me and the breath of the Almighty hath given me life 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In the Hebrew Gods created I think it is well said of a grave Author Constans aliqua certa ratio pluralis numeri de Deo usurpati reddi alia nequit quam personarum pluralitas There can be no other steady certain reason given why the Hebrew word so ordinarily translated God should be in the plural number but to notifie to us the plurality of persons in the Divine Being all three are but that one God who made heaven and the earth The School-men determine right that there is an infinite space from nothing to something and therefore nothing but the infinite power of an infinite God could bring any thing out of a not-being into a being From hence we may easily conclude what a God we serve Vse 2 we serve him that made heaven and earth and consequently one who is 1. Infinite in power 2. Excellent in wisdom 3. Admirable in goodness and mercy 1. Infinite in Power and Greatness To produce the least thing and bring it out of a not-being into being as I argued before speaketh an unmeasurable infinite power What power doth it then require to produce all the various kinds and species of Creatures the great bodies of the Heavens and the Earth and all those great bodies in them both out of a meer nothing and not-being into an existence and being Ex magnitudine creaturarum Deus magnus intelligitur c. From the greatness of the Creatures saith Augustine we may understand the greatness of God What an infinite and immense God do we serve What nothings of being and of power must we be compared with him All the nations of the earth are to him as the drop of a bucket as the small dust of the ballance 2. Excellent in wisdom The contrivance of the fabrick and structure of the world speaketh this But what an abundance of wisdom hath the great Creator scattered up and down the Creation What a natural sagacity is not in man only but in many brute Creatures What abundance of moral prudence and discretion is observed and to be found in many earthly Princes Their Ministers of State and Counsellers and in others of an inferior order What infinite wisdom appears in joynting the world and making the several parts of it to fit and to serve one another and to compound the different qualities of creatures to the service each of other and of the Universe Oh the infinite wisdom of the only wise God! yet how little do we see of it 3. Yea and his infinite goodness also is apparent in the Creation of all things Whoso looketh upon the usefulness of the Creatures to each other their joynt subserviency to their end and particularly their usefulness and subserviency to
the people of God be good and for good and the products both of infinite wisdom and of infinite goodness It is our unhappiness that we judg of events to us in this world by sense and not according to faith This maketh us call many things evil indeed there is nothing can happen to a good man truly evil for the hand of his Father must be in it Providence must have the ordering of it and never did the hand of a good Father knowingly mix a potion of poison to his child and with his own hand give it him to drink We do not ask evil of God and he that heareth our prayers will not when we ask him bread give us a stone nor when we ask him a fish give us a Scorpion If we that are evil know how to give good things to those that ask them of us much more doth our heavenly Father know how to give good things to his children asking them of him In this we may be secure If the Providence of God influenceth all the events of the world he so regulates them that although they may prove sensible joyless and afflictive evils yet they shall never prove real evils to those that fear God but in the issue appear the products as of infinite wisdom so also of infinite goodness Thus far this Doctrine of Divine Providence is a great fountain of consolation to the people of God But lastly Let us enquire what duty we may conclude from hence and that is very much I shall instance in some few particulars 1. Is there a Divine Providence and doth this influence all beings motions actions events c Let us learn then the duty of faith to commit all our ways unto God to trust in him and depend upon him It is a duty we are often in Scripture called to and that with respect to our persons and with respect to our affairs and ways 1 Pet. 4.19 Wherefore let them that suffer according to the will of God commit the keeping of their souls unto him in well-doing as unto a faithful Creator Our Saviour presseth it in opposition to two things 1. In opposition to the fear of man Matt. 10.28 29 30 And fear not them which kill the body but are not able to kill the soul Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing and one of them shall not fall on the ground without your Father But the very hairs of your head are numbred Fear you not therefore for you are of more value than many sparrows 2. Again He presseth it in opposition to too great sollicitude Matth. 6.25 Therefore I say unto you Take no thought for your life what you shall eat or what you shall drink nor yet for your body what you shall put on This he presseth from Gods Providence for the Lillies the Birds c. vers 26 27 28 29 30 31. 2. With respect to our affairs and the events of things in the world so far as they concern us 1. Pet. 5.7 Casting all your care upon him for he careth for you Psal 55.22 Cast thy burden upon the Lord for he shall sustain you Psal 37.3 Trust in the Lord and do good Vers 5. Commit thy way unto the Lord trust also in him and he shall bring it to pass Prov. 16.3 Commit thy works unto the Lord and thy thoughts shall be established Man troubleth himself in vain both with care and fear the Child of God especially We cannot let God alone to rule and govern the world But surely if there be a God in the world an immense and infinite Being that filleth all places and infinitely active seeing and hearing all things and this God is not idle but influenceth all beings all motions and actions of beings all suspensions omissions and cessations of action in the creature all events and if he hath any Children people or servants in the world whom he loveth delighteth in careth for these people may trust him and commit themselves and their ways to him and it is their duty so to do Who may trust God who may commit their ways unto him if these should not Let me therefore say with the Psalmist Psal 115.9 10 11. O Israel trust thou in the Lord O house of Aaron trust in the Lord you that fear the Lord trust in the Lord. Be not over-solicitous be not sinfully afraid as to any events There is a God that ruleth in the earth that overseeth the world But this trusting in God must be 1. In doing good Trust in the Lord and do good Psal 37.3 Our souls must be committed to the Lord in well-doing 1 Pet. 4.19 There is no trusting in the Lord without walking in his way The unholy walking man hath no ground to trust God for any good he hath no promise to bottom his trust upon We must trust God in an holy walking 2. We must notwithstanding the Providence of God trust God in the use of proper means The reason for this is because the Precept commandeth the use of lawful means Trusting of God is indeed exclusive of the use of unlawful means but it always includeth the use of means that are proper and lawful To refuse proper and lawful means and talk of trusting God is to tempt him not to trust him 3. It includeth also the use of Religious means such as the waiting upon God in the use of his Ordinances The word Sacraments and Prayer For these things saith God I will be enquired of by the house of Israel Prayer is a general means instituted by God for the obtaining of any mercy But I say supposing these three things That a Child of God keepeth in the Lords way and hath used all proper means for an event which he hath desired and sought the Lord for by Prayer This Doctrine of Divine Providence sheweth him the highest reason imaginable for his committing both his person and his ways unto the Lord without any anxious sollicitude or distracting fears Because he is the Lord who careth for us therefore we should cast our care on him 2. A second thing which I shall press upon you as your duty and consequent to this Doctrine of Providence is a pious security in all conditions and with respect to all events There is a sinful security which all good men ought to avoid and to take heed of Security is the freedom of the mind from care as to this or that thing Now this is sinful two ways 1. When the ground of it is some carnal confidence a relying on some arm of flesh Cursed be he saith the Prophet that trusteth in man and makes flesh his arm Thus the Jews were often secure upon the view of their great allies and confederates Assyria and Egypt In like manner people may be secure upon the account of their relations and interests or the power and favour of men We are commanded to cease from man whose breath is in his nostrils and the Psalmist tells us It is better to trust in the
Lord than to put confidence in Princes 2. When there is a pretended confidence in God but not conjoyned with an holy walking nor with a due use of means Natural Moral or Religious take heed of such a security as this is That which I call a pious security is the fruit of a confidence in God When the minds of men upon the view of a Divine Providence are quiet and free from distractions and over-much sollicitude as to the events of things whether relating to the Church or to their own particulars This I say is every good Christians duty and if there be such a Divine Providence as I have been discoursing of to you it is the most reasonable thing in the world God is the highest rational Agent and must work for some ends and those the best the great end of his Glory the subordinate end is the good of his People Now if he hath in his working an influence on all beings all motions and actions all omissions suspensions and cessations of such motions all events c. Certainly that man or woman that loveth and feareth God and keepeth his way and hath used all proper means natural moral or religious in order to the obtaining of what he apprehendeth for Gods Honour the good of his Church or his own particular good he hath all imaginable reason to sit down quiet and be secure Affairs in the world are upon the wheels but those wheels are full of eyes God seeth all things and his hand is in and upon all things and hath his own ends in his eyes and a power to turn all things and to make them to serve his ends We may in the darkest day cry out Psal 76.10 Surely the wrath of man shall praise him and the remainder of wrath he shall restrain A good Christian may sit down having done his duty and leave the world to wag as it will Let that great Ship wallow as it will there is one that sitteth at the Stern that will guide it and all its motions it shall at last come into the true Port. Hence a Child of God hath reason enough in all things to give thanks and at all times to rejoyce in the Lord and again to rejoyce What then mean the disquietments anxieties and sollicitudes of our thoughts Are they not tacit denials or suspensions of the workings of Divine Providence Are they not Indications of the weakness of our Faith Certainly if we had Faith in the Doctrine of Divine Providence if it were but as a grain of mustard-seed we should only attend our duty and when we had done that should speak to our soul if yet in a tumult Why art thou cast down O my soul why art thou disquieted within me Trust still in God for I shall praise him who is the health of my countenance and my God This is a second piece of duty 3. A third duty which this Doctrine of Divine Providence will evidence but reasonable for us is A patient waiting for God under all the displeasing varieties of this life A duty which in Scripture you will find often called for by God and his Holy Servants who have spoke in his Name Psal 27.14 Psal 37.7 34. Psal 6â— 5 Prov. 20.22 Hos 12.6 and as often resolved upon by the Holy Servants of God Job 14.14 Psal 25.21 Psal 52.9 and in many other places And there are many excellent promises that are made to it Psal 37.9 Prov. 20.22 Isa 49.23 It is exclusive of all murmuring repining and discontentedness at any of Gods dealings of all use of irregular means to help our selves it is an habit of grace which in the midst of the most adverse and afflictive Providences teacheth us to stand still and to see the salvation of God It is a great piece of a Christians duty keeping a Christian in his station and in the paths of holiness under the most cross and thwarting Providences in the most dark and gloomy days and the greatest confusions we see in the world The failure of this is like the starting of the Ballast in a Ship in a storm every Ship of burthen that goeth to Sea hath a Ballast of stones or sand or some weighty thing which keeps it even upon the waters if in a storm this Ballast starts so as it is thrown on one side and gives not a just poise to the Ship there is a great danger of a wrack the Ship presently lyes all on one side Faith now is this Ballast active patience or waiting for God in a storm of Providence is that which keepeth the soul poised if this Ballast starts there 's great danger of the souls being overwhelmed Now this Doctrine of Providence and the extent of it to all motions actions to all suspensions omissions and cessations of actions to all events and future contingencies sheweth us the duty and reasonableness of this patient waiting Is there a storm a whirlwind an hurricane of political motions in the world It lets us know that God is in that storm God is in that whirlwind that hurricane is not without the Lord and God is not out of it If the Enemies of the People of God could raise a storm without the Lord or when they have raised it shut God out of the Governance of it it were something but they can do none of this we can have no confidence in them in the goodness of their natures or their designs but we may be confident of God and wait for him I compared Providence before to a man of business that seldom keeps a road but ever and anon turns out this way and that way as his variety of business leads him those that will bear such a man company home must ever and anon wait for him while he turneth out of his road Let this Doctrine of Providence have this kind influence upon your souls to make you to wait upon God whiles he hideth himself from the house of Jacob and to look for him It is good to wait upon God for none yet that ever waited upon him returned ashamed it is your duty to wait upon God he is a great Soveraign he hath required this homage from your souls It is reasonable you should wait on him for you may be sure he is in every storm in every hurricane seeing it working by it governing of it 4. This Doctrine of a Divine Providence sheweth the reasonableness of a passive patience or submission to and contentation with our lot and portion in the world under the most afflictive and adverse issues Nothing comes to pass without the Will of God not a sparrow as cheap and inconsiderable a bird as it is falleth to the ground without our heavenly Father It is true while we are in the world we are in the midst of briars and thorns subjected to a thousand accidents which are afflictive to us afflictions in our bodies troubles in our spirits crosses in our relations and in our affairs in the world and no affliction
Reign and the necessity of it Isa 52.7 How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings that publisheth peace that bringeth good tidings of good that publisheth salvation that saith unto Zion thy God reigneth It is good news to all the World that God reigneth but particularly to Sion to the Church and the people of God to the whole visible Church it is good tidings but particularly to the invisible part that is militant here on Earth and the individual members thereof 1. This Doctrine first is of great use to comfort them against and under all their disturbances for things which happen to the Church in general or themselves in particular A ship at Sea were but in an ill case if it were not for him that sate at the Helm a skilful Pilot there ordereth her well enough so as the winds serve his design so it is with the Church tossed with winds and waves she is only safe in the Lords government of all the affairs of the World Luther I remember saith thus of himself I saith he have often attempted to prescribe God ways and methods in the government of his Church and other affairs I have said Ah Domine hoc velim ita fieri hoc ordine hoc eventu I would have this thing thus done in this order with this event But saith he God did quite contrary to what I asked of him Then saith he I thought with my self what I would have had was not contrary to the glory of God but would have been of great use for the sanctifying of his Name In short it was a brave design well advised but undoubtedly God laught at at this wisdom of men and said Go to now I know you are a learned man and a wise man But it was never my manner to allow Saint Peter or Saint Martin or any other to instruct teach govern or lead me Non sum Deus passivus sed activus I am not a passive but an active God That great man and Melancthon were two famous Instruments in the Reformation of Germany but of different tempers Melancthon was a man of a more mild and gentle Spirit and melancholick timerous temper Luther was of a more fierce and bold temper Melancthon would often write very troubled Letters to Luther about the state of the Church affairs Luther would constantly make use of this argument from the Governing-Providence of God to support Melancthon Melancthon saith he Let God alone to govern the World The Lord reigneth It pleaseth God so to order it in his Providence that the face of affairs relating to the Church often looks very sadly and there is nothing which giveth the spirits of the people of God a greater disturbance Now all these disturbances are caused from our Not-attending to this Principle which yet every good Christian professeth to receive and to believe Were we but rooted and grounded in the faith of this one Principle That the Kingdom of God ruleth over all and that he exerciseth a special care and Government relating to his Church and ruleth the World with a special regard to the good of his little flock we could neither be immoderately disturbed for the concern of the glory of God nor yet for the Church of God 1 Chron. 16.31 Let the heavens be glad and let the earth rejoyce and let men say amongst the Nations the Lord reigneth let the Sea roar and the fulness thereof let the fields rejoyce and all that is therein Then shall the trees of the wood sing out at the presence of the Lord because he cometh to judg the Earth Say therefore unto Zion Thy God reigneth Let Papists rage and Atheists scoff and threaten and do what they can Let all their Favourites take counsel together and join hand in hand when they have done all they can they will find that the Lord reigneth And this is enough to say unto Sion or to any of her sons and daughters Two things are sufficient in the most troublesom and tumultuous times to still support and comfort the spirits of Gods people 1. That the Lord reigneth and hath an unquestionable superintendence upon all the Beings of his creatures all their motions and all their actions He is higher in power than the highest of them 2. That this God is our God The Psalmist hinteth both in that excellent 46 Psalm v. 10 Be still and know that I am God I will be exalted amongst the Heathen I will be exalted in the Earth The Lord of Hosts is with us The God of Jacob is our refuge Let not therefore those that fear the Lord trouble themselves about the motions of the World and commotions in it about the ragings of lewd men against the interest of Christ Let them not trouble themselves further than is their duty viz. to be sensible of the rebukes of Divine Providence The Lord reigneth He that sitteth in the heavens laugheth The Lord shall have them in derision and shall one day speak unto them in his wrath and vex them in his sore displeasure and let the World know that yet he hath set his King upon his holy hill of Sion I remember a passage of Luther Si nos ruamus ruet Christus unus Christus scilicet magnus ille regnator mundi c. If we perish saith he Christ must fall too Christ that great Governour of the World 2. If we did consider this as we might or ought we should also see as little reason to be disturb'd as to the concerns of our own Souls with the fear of two things as to their own Souls ordinarily the people of God are troubled 1. The prevailings of their own lusts and corruptions 2. The prevailings of Satans temptations This Doctrine of Divine Providence excellently serveth to still our unquiet spirits as to either of these troubles If the Lords Kingdom be over all both these fears must be vain and causeless for supposing the faithfulness of the Promises Sin shall not have dominion over your mortal bodies God shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly He will with the temptation give an happy issue If the Lords Kingdom be over all neither shall corruption prevail nor Satan by temptations prevail to destroy the work of God in our Soul or to prevent us or hinder us as to the Kingdom which God hath prepared for us for as he that hath promised is faithful or cannot repent or lye so he is powerful and hath a dominion over all beings persons things c. My father saith Christ is greater than all none can pluck you out of my fathers hand 3. Lastly It affords us a relief against the sad prospect we have almost continually before our eyes of the malicious actions of wicked and ungodly men There is and always was a generation in the World which sleep not unless they do mischief they are continually devising mischievous devices against the little flock of Christ Their counsels designs works have a plain and
not seen It is certain that by the special Providence of God they are more eminently upheld confirmed in their state of integrity governed in their motions and actions by God and that in a more eminent manner than other inferiour creatures but I intend no discourse of that 2. The second object of special Providence is Man 1. Mankind considered in the general All men and women are under more special acts of Providence as to Preservation and Government than the grass or the beasts the inanimate creatures or the brute creatures but neither shall I make this the subject of my discourse The Psalmist speaks of man in the general Psal 8.5 Thou hast made him a little lower than the Angels and hast crowned him with glory and honour Thou madest him to have dominion over the works of thy hands thou hast put all things under his foot All sheep and oxen yea and the beasts of the field 2. But Secondly The Church of God and more especially those that are the invisible part of it that glory not in appearance only but in reality and have not only a name to live but live indeed are the more eminent objects of special Providence I say first 1. The whole visible Church by which I mean the whole body of people whom God by the Preaching of the Gospel hath called out to an external profession and visible owning of the Lord Jesus Christ The Church of the Jews of old Amos 3.2 the whole body of that Nation circumcised and visibly owning and serving the true God were under more special Providence than all the world besides The Christian Church is so Canaan of old was the land which God cared for and he hath a Canaan now his whole Church which he doth care for and for whom he exerciseth a more special Providence both in the preservation and Government of them 2. But yet the invisible part of the visible Church that is that number of Professors whose Profession is not only visible to men Psal 33.18 but their faith their sincerity their true holiness is seen by God who love and fear the great God in truth and holiness these are the most special objects of special Providence Only one thing let me more add in an answer to this Question that neither all mankind not members of the Church nor all Churches nor all Saints are under the same or equal influences of Providence and therefore Divines have distinguished special Providences into those which are more extraordinary or ordinary the former are more miraculous or little differing from miracles the latter are more equal and ordinary and so will be the more the subject of our discourse All men are not restrained as Abimelech was All Churches are not preserved in a red Sea a wilderness have not Manna rained from heaven to feed them nor Waters brought out of a rock to satisfie their thirst as the Jewish Church had All Saints are not taken up to Heaven in a fiery Chariot as Elijah nor preserved in the Lions Den as Daniel or in the fire as the three children But there is 1. A special Providence attends every visible Church of Christ 2. And every one who is a true believer and puts his trust in the Lord. I come more particularly to shew you by what more particular acts the Providence of God discovereth Gods special care for his Church and for particular Souls Quest 3. By what more particular acts doth the Providence of God discover Gods special care for the visible Church and for particular believing souls 1. As to the Church of God 1. He preserveth it so as it shall never perish You know the promise The gates of hell shall not prevail against it Matt. 16.18 God preserveth the individual Being of every particular man He holdeth our souls in life but yet his being shall fail there will come a time when he shall not be Our Prophets are gone our fathers where are they God preserveth the Beings of Polities the Kingdoms and Empires of the World but these also have their periods where are the great Empires of the Medes and Persians the Grecians the Romans c He so preserveth his Church that it shall never fail this is a Specialty of Providence Men shall dye Kingdomes shall dye Empires shall come to nothing the Church shall not dye This woman may flee into the Wilderness from the red dragon as in Rev. 12. Where she hath a place prepared of God but there she shall be fed 1260 days the earth shall help the woman Rev. 12.16 Christ will be with them to the end of the world God so preservetth no creatures no Polities no Societies of men whatsoever 2. A second specialty of Providence relating to the Church seems to be a special Ministry of Angels Heb. 2.14 Are they not all ministring spirits sent forth to minister for them who are heirs of salvation Who are those that are heirs of salvation but the Church of God Acts 2.47 And the Lord added to the Church daily such as should be saved 1 Cor. 11.10 The woman ought to have power over her head or a covering over head because of the Angels There have been many Divines who have thought that in the Government of Providence some particular Angels have the charge of particular Kingdoms and Provinces and Churches You read Dan. 10.12 The Prince of the Kingdom of Persia withstood me twenty one days but lo Michael one of the chief Princes came to help me and ver 21 There is none that holdeth with me in these things but Michael your Prince There are some also that interpret thus The Angels of the Asian Churches mentioned in the Revelation but most interpret them of the Pastors over them but certain it is the Angels whether one more specially or no have a special Ministry towards the Church of Christ Psalm 91.11 He shall give his Angels charge over thee to keep thee in all thy ways I shall not enlarge upon this for though this seemeth to be plainly enough in Scripture revealed yet the particulars of their Ministration are not so clearly revealed as we can assert much distincty concerning them Dan. 12.1 At that time saith the Prophet shall Michael stand up the great Prince which standeth for the children of thy people The Angels stand up for the Church that is a Specialty of Providence 3. Thirdly All Gods extraordinary acts in the Government of his Creatures have been for his Church It was in revenge of their oppressions that God sends ten plagues one after another upon Pharaoh it is for them he suspendeth the Laws of Nature for them the waters of the Red-sea then the waters of Jordan divide for them it was that the Sun stood still in Gibeon and the Moon in the Valley of Ajalon in the time of Joshuah That the earth opened Numb 16 and swallowed up Corah Dathan and Abiram It is for his Church that natural Beings have acted beyond their ordinary capacities Hail-stones are
Vse 1. In the first place let then all men that live upon the Earth praise the Lord but especially such as are superiors and rulers over others and more especially such as are his Church The Psalmist Psal 135.1 calls to all saying Praise the Lord praise ye the name of the Lord and ver 19 20 21. He calleth in particular Bless the Lord O house of Israel Bless the Lord O house of Aaron Bless the Lord O house of Levi you that fear the Lord bless the Lord Blessed be the Lord out of Zion which dwelleth at Hierusalem 1. This observation calleth to all the sons and daughters of men to bless the Lord. We are all sociable creatures and much of the comfort of our lives lyeth in our societies and fellowships one with another either in our family-societies or in our civil-societies or in our Church-societies We should think it a life worse than death to be condemned to live like a wild Ass alone in the wilderness Now there are some lusts of men that would spoil us of all this comfort God peculiarly sets himself against them and makes these the marks for his arrows of vengeance The Jews said of the Centurion He hath loved our nation and hath built us a synagogue We may say of our good God he hath loved mankind for he hath taken care to preserve order in humane societies and severely to chasten the invaders upon the rights of others What an ingagement doth this lay upon all men to praise the Lord Certainly sirs there is a great deal of praise and glory and homage due to God from all men as they are concerned in their several societies There is a great deal of glory due to God from families for his testimony against those lusts of men such as are murtherers and adulterers which in a short time would spoil all the comfort of those societies Certainly every family is bound to worship God and to walk with God But particularly 1. Let Rulers praise the Lord. Let all the Princes of the Earth give homage to him that ought to be served they are more especial marks for furious and ambitious mens lusts Gods Providence as you have heard is eminently seen in preventing their dangers in revenging their harms 2 Sam. 23.3 4 5. Surely then as David saith those that rule over men should be just ruling them in the fear of the Lord their light should be like the light of the morning without clouds God hath not only set them up as lights upon an hill but he hath made his special Providence to be a lanthorn about them that 't is rarely that the wind of sedition and treason prevails to blow them out and then 't is ordinarily for some eminent Provocation of God But I am not speaking to persons in that capacity You that are parents praise the Lord Gods special Providence you see reacheth you and in a great measure secureth you from that great heart-ach of rebellious and disobedient children I know you will say How then cometh this to be the great affliction of many good parents To which I answer 1. There is many a good parent may have been but like good old Ely too indulgent and cockering to their children ordinarily God keepeth up the authority of parents over their children until themselves have prostituted it and in the rebellion and disobedience of their children they may read their own sin and see as much cause to be humbled for that as any thing else as David in the case of Adonijah 1 King 1.5 6. And herein the goodness of God towards parents will be seen that if he doth not upon their endeavours secure to them the duty of their children yet he will not fail to revenge their quarrels against them 2. Let the poor and weak of the earth praise the Lord he hath declared himself the father of the fatherless and the judg of the widows a refuge for the oppressed Psal 68.5 Exod. 22.5 Psal 10.11 How are all the widows and fatherless children all the poor and oppressed people of the world bound to praise and to serve this God who hath taken upon himself the special patronage and protection of them This indeed would be the best use we could possibly make of this Observation relating to the special Providence of God if it might lay a special obligation upon all those who are thus especially concerned to magnifie God as their great patron and defender And how can they praise God more effectually than in doing those particular duties which concern them all in their respective relations or with reference to those peculiar circumstances of Providence under which they are acted I shall add but one branch of Application more and indeed it is not a new Use for it is a part of our praise and homage which we owe unto God upon this Reflexion viz. Vse 2. To all to take heed of those sins which God in his word declares himself more eminently to abhor and in the execution of Providence doth most severely punish All sin is in it self a filthy and abominable thing and the just object of every good mans hatred for should not we hate what God hateth and what hath of all things the greatest opposition to God yes we ought to hate it with a perfect hatred But such is the naughtiness of our heart that we are not so led to an hatred and abhorrence of sin from the intrinsecal evil and obliquity of it as from the dangerous and pernicious consequence of it Death eternal death is the wages of every sin but this being only matter of faith to bold sinners none having ever come from the dead to give them an account of those flames the punishments of sin in this life are those things which most deter carnal sensual men But if men will look no further nor believe any more yet let this lay some law upon us and make us afraid of those sins which I have instanced in being such whose judgment the Providence of God seldom letteth sleep so long as to another life Let this mind us not to meddle with them that are given to change that curse Kings and Rulers in their bed-chambers and are of turbulent and unquiet spirits always plotting and contriving seditions and treasons and disturbances to civil governours it is very rarely that God suffereth their designs to come to issue or their persons to come to the grave in peace 2. What a law should it lay upon the rich and great men of the earth to take heed of violent perverting justice and judgment of turning away the causes of the widows and the fatherless in judgment To consider that he who is the highest doth consider the matter and there is one higher than the highest of them who abuse their power to trample the poor under foot If men be not turned Atheists and have banished all the fear of God from their eyes and hearts it must a little give them law and lay
mens sins That the Providence of God in bringing about the eternal purposes and counsels of God doth very ordinarily make use of peoples sins I have in a great measure already proved to you under my seventh Observation where I shewed you how God accomplished his purposes upon Mount Zion by persons that meant not so and over-ruled the several lusts of sinners hearts to his own praise making the wrath of men to praise him But yet I shall take it again in my way and the rather because I will shew you more especially what use God makes of the sins of his own people Then I shall give you a reasonable account of this great work of God And thirdly I shall endeavour to shew you that it is a spotless use which God maketh and open it to you how it may be so and our reason may conceive of it well enough And lastly I shall make some Application That it is so is so obvious to those that are meanliest exercised in the Scriptures that it can hardly be overlooked by any considerate person One of the most glorious products of Actual Providence was the Revelation of the Covenant of Grace and Redemption I say the Revelation of it for the paction or making of that Covenant I take that to be eternal and antecedent to the Creation but as I take it those who would distinctly understand the Covenant of Grace must distinguish betwixt the Paction the Exhibition and the Revelation of it and the Application of it to individual souls The Paction was an act of Counsel an eternal act a transaction between the Father and the Son the Son as the head of the elect standing as a surety for believers and undertaking something for himself on their behalf that in the fulness of time he would come into the world assume our natures and in that nature dye and give satisfaction to Divine Justice for the sins of the elect which some call the Covenant of Redemption also undertaking for them that they in his strength and through the assistance of his spirit should do whatsoever his Father should require personally of them in order to their obtaining salvation through him But now the Exhibition and Revelation of this eternal contrivement to the world that was the work of Actual Providence done in time subsequent to the Creation and done gradually as to the more full and perfect Revelation of it according to the good pleasure and infinite wisdom of God The first Revelation of it was to Adam after he had fallen Gen. 3.15 And I will put enmity betwixt thee that is the serpent and the woman and betwixt thy seed and her seed it shall bruise thine head and thou shalt bruise its heel Now for this God made use of the first sin that was committed in the world the fall of Adam had not Adam fallen there had been no need of the Revelation of a Covenant of Grace he and his posterity had been saved upon the Covenant of Works he had perfectly done the Will of God and lived Rom. 9.11 12. The Apostle tells us that before Esau or Jacob were born before they had done good or evil God loved Jacob and hated Esau and it was foretold That the elder should serve the younger Gen. 25.3 for the law of God and Nature had made the younger a servant to the elder First Esau sells his birthright for a mess of pottage then Jacob by the counsel of Rebeccah comes and tells his Father a lye and obtaineth the blessing of the first-born both sinful acts the first on Esau's part the second on Jacob's but Gods Providence makes use of both to bring about his counsels There was a promise made to Abraham that God would multiply his seed and that they should inherit the land of Canaan Pharaoh strongly sets himself against it useth all arts to destroy the seed of Jacob the King commandeth the midwives to kill all the male children Exod. 1. they save them alive the King questioneth them for it Exod. 1.17 19. they tell a lye to excuse themselves God makes use of their lye for the accomplishment of his counsels and the fulfilling of his promise unto Abraham Who can excuse Rahab in the lye she told to the Kings messengers sent to apprehend the spies It is true the Apostle saith she did it by faith and God rewarded her as he did the Egyptian midwives Rahab did it by faith believing what at that time she did not see that God would give that land to the Israelites and God rewarded her good intention in the general not her particular sinful act but yet the Providence of God made a great use of her lye for the design he had in hand Who can excuse David in many particular actions which he did Which yet God made use of in order to the bringing about his counsels and promise concerning David in settling him upon the Throne of Israel and Judah The setting up of Solomon upon the Throne of his Father David was an eminent product of Actual Providence but Bathsheba you know was his mother and David in order to the having her for his wife murthered Vriah her husband yet she was the mother of Solomon No man can excuse Jeroboam in his revolt from the house of David he did what he did from a very turbulent and ill spirit and in a very irregular and rebellious manner but God yet made use of what he had done to fulfil his own counsels and the threatning he had denounced against Solomon In short innumerable instances of this nature might be given and it is an easie thing to observe God doing the same thing every day I will instance but in three great products of Actual Providence more which the Scripture maketh mention of and three greater have not been nor can be 1. The incarnation of our blessed Lord. In the genealogy of Christ recorded by Matthew chap. 1. ver 3. you read Judas begat Pharez and Zarah of Thamar You have the story Gen. 38.29 Pharez was an incestuous child which Judah had by his own Daughter-in-law he was one of Christs Progenitors so was Bathsheba who came with much sin to be David's wife yet God made use you see both of the sin of Judas and the sin of David for the bringing forth his son into the world Next to his Incarnation let us consider the sacrifice of Christ for the expectation of our sins the noblest and greatest act of Providence which was ever brought forth in the world it was produced by wicked hands Judas Pilate Herod the Jews all have their hand in it The Devil put the malice into the heart of Judas but God had his end in the action and accomplished the great design of his glory The sending of the Gospel amongst the Gentiles was a great product of Providence in the fulfilling of the Lords counsels and many promises but it was the fall of the Jews that proved the riches of the world as the
things which concern the outward man And as to wicked men although their greater punishment is reserved unto another life yet it is necessary for the vindication of Divine Justice before the world that they should in this life also have their portion of affliction and misery for as to spiritual judgments they are but secret plagues which the world taketh no notice of nor doth it understand the bitterness and terribleness of them and as to eternal punishments they as well as the eternal rewards of the righteous are matters of faith and as not evidenced to the sense of the living part of the world so neither to be made so demonstrable to their reason as to inable the men of the world from them alone to conclude the Justice of God in recompencing sinners according to their ways So that upon this supposition that the God of Heaven is a righteous God that will recompence every one according to his ways and that in the eyes of the world he will declare his Righteousness There must be in this life both a reward and a punishment for the People of God and a recompence for the wicked according to their ways and consequently such a rotation and circulation of Actual Providence in the distribution of the good things of this life as I have been discoursing to you And this now gives you a reasonable account of this motion If you further require of me to give you a reasonable account of the seeming inequality of the hand of Divine Providence in these distributions why it seemeth to give most advantage to evil men 1. In the first place it is sufficient to repeat to you what I before told you that it is but a seeming advantage The good things of this life are not in themselves good or evil but as they are used and improved Indeed they are such as of themselves have a tendency to make men better but they make men better or worse according to the hearts they meet with Many a mans honours and riches prove his ruin here but they prove to many more through the corruption of their hearts the occasion of the eternal ruin of their souls as they give them more opportunities to exercise the lusts and corruptions of their hearts As they are sensible portions so it is but reasonable that the worst of men should have their portions of them and through the predominancy of lust and corruption in their hearts they prove no advantages to them but such things as fat them up to the day of slaughter and further prepare them for the Revelation of the righteous Judgments of God against them 2. But secondly for riches and honours The Providence of God doth ordinarily dispense them out to men according to their indeavours and oft-times rather suffers men to get them then gives them to them Gods efficiency is indeed sometimes discernable in giving men estates and honours giving them favour in the sight of Princes raising them up great friends but the most of men that come to great wealth and honours arrive at them by being only suffered by God to walk and prosper in their own ways And indeed this is one reason why the way to these great things in the world is more open to the Sinners than to the Saints of the Earth Our Saviour calleth riches the Mammon of unrighteousness and although it possibly was too large to say omnis Dives yet it had been true enough to have said Plerunque Dives est vel iniquus vel iniqui haeres great estates are at first gotten usually by ill means and are attainments hardly fit for those who think themselves tyed up to the rule of the Gospel being either got by undue sparing or unjust dealing And the same might be said of honours Indeed it is not always so sometimes God throw's an estate into a mans lap that is careless of it and heapeth honours upon some that seek not after it and this may be one reason why in these distributions the Providence of God in the distribution of these things moveth more to the appearing advantage of wicked men who can use any arts and means to make themselves rich and great than of those who live by a stricter rule and must refuse gold offered them upon sinful terms and honours tendred them as a price for a prostituted conscience 3. Experience teacheth us That affliction and poverty and a mean condition in the world and a scant measure of the good things thereof are most adequate to the exercises of grace and the enjoyment of communion with God Israel followeth God in the wilderness in the land of droughts and apostatizeth in the land of Canaan When Jeshurun waxeth fat she kicketh up the heel like a fatted beast in the pasture that while it was lean was tame enough and therefore Agur prays as much against excessive riches as poverty Now Gods whole design upon the Saints is by his dispensations to them in this life to fit them for the inheritance of the Saints in light and what he gives them shall be no more than will accompany salvation and fit them for it As to the third thing in my observation who can give an account of the thing that is inaccountable The reason of it lies in this That God will have mercy upon whom he will have mercy and whom he will he hardeneth God will proclaim to the world that his Grace is Grace that is free not to be conveyed as an inheritance from the father to the child not depending upon the merits of parents nor annexed to any secular circumstances nor any thing which in this world maketh one man to differ from another But this is enough to give you some rational account of these motions of Divine Providence I come now to the practical Application of what you have heard Vse 1. And in the first place this Observation will confirm us That the love of God to mens immortal souls is not to be determined from his dispensations of the good things of this life In Gods special love there is a certainty in these things there is a great incertainty These the Providence of God disposeth in some kind of Circulation sometimes godly men have them sometimes wicked men sometimes the Church of God sometimes the Enemies of God The Providence of God as you have heard in these things moveth most to the advantage of the vilest men But leaving this more general branch of Application I shall apply it more particularly 1 To the sinners of the world that prosper The rod of God is not upon their backs they are not plagued like other men Gods Sun shineth upon their Tabernacles their Bull gendreth and faileth not their-Cows calve and cast not their calves they send forth their little ones like a flock they take their Harps and rejoyce at the sound of the Organ as Job speaketh riches and power and honour are all with them Three things I would take the advantage of this
men and heads of several idolatrie Jeroboam he brought in the worshipping of the true God by Calves set up at Dan and Bethel and Ahab who brought in the worshipping of Baal both of them very wicked men and God proceeded to execute vengeance slowly upon them but when it came it was a dreadful vengeance Of Jeroboams house none but a little Son came to the grave in peace For Ahab himself you know he was slain in a battel his queen was thrown headlong out of a window and her brains dashed out and the dogs licked her blood his second Son was slain by Jehu seventy more of his Sons were slain by the command of Jehu It were easie to give you infinite instances out of story but I leave it to your experimental observation Mark any person whom you see exemplarily wicked yet God is patient with him a long time and observe what havock God makes with him and his posterity when he beginneth to reckon with him And indeed it seems very reasonable if you consider 1. That by reason of Gods slowness to punish the sinner his sins are multiplied and aggravated to an exceeding great number and degree It was Solomons observation which we shall see verified in our daily experience Eccl. 8.11 Because sentence against an evil work is not executed speedily therefore the heart of the sons of men is fully set in them to do evil The iniquity of the Amorites had not been full if God had not been so patient with them This makes them as the Apostle speaks treasure up wrath against the day of wrath and the revelation of the righteous judgement of God Now the righteous God rendring to every man according to his work must proportion his judgements to peoples sinnings The more their sins are the greater shall his wrath be 2. The more patience is abused the more means of grace are lost the greater alwayes is divine vengeance Now where God proceedeth slowly to vengeance there he exerciseth most patience There patience is most abused there more space and time for repentance is lost there is most despising of the riches of divine goodness forbearance and long-suffering Et laesa patientia fit furor abused patience turns into fury It maketh a patient and long-suffering God cry out by his Prophet Ah! I will ease me of mine enemies and avenge me of my adversaries him that knoweth not how to give up Ephraim to set him as Admah and Zeboim two of the Cities whom he so dreadfully destroyed by fire and brimstone It maketh God who is a Lamb in his own nature to transform himself into a Lion a Leopard a Bare rob'd of her whelps O it is a dreadful thing to abuse much divine patience Now where the providence of God hath appeared slow in punishing sinners there must much patience have been shewn And it must have been abused too if a sinner continues hard-hearted and impenitent I have given space saith God to repent of her fornication and she repented not Rev. 2.21 22. Behold I will cast her into a Bed c. into great tribulation and I will kill her children with death Besides that God seldom exerciseth patience long with sinners but he gives them also other means of grace and they are abused and slighted Noah preached to the old world saith God My Spirit shall not alwaies strive with man and I need not tell you how dreadfully God threatneth Corazin Bethsaida and Capernaum for their abusing the means of grace they had had above other places The like might be proved concerning the providence of God in the distributions of rewards the slower the motion of Providence is in the giving them the greater ordinarily the rewards are It was a great while before Abraham had a Son but when he had him it proved to be one that was a great blessing both to his Fathers family and to the world Rebeccah went twenty years without Children Gen. 25.20 26. but then twins struggle in her womb and she brings forth two great Princes and one of them who was to be the head of the only people God had upon the earth Rachel was for some years barren Gen. 29.31 c. 30. v. 1. when God gave her a Child it was Joseph who proved such an eminent blessing to his Fathers house The Wife of Manoah was barren Jud. 13.2 she bringeth forth Samson Hannah 1 Sam. 1. was barren she bringeth forth Samuel Elizabeth was barren she brings forth John the Baptist Thus you see it as to the blessing of Children It was a long time before God brought the seed of Jacob his servant out of their difficulties but when he did he brought them into Canaan the Land which the Lord cared for upon which his eyes were from the beginning of the year unto the end thereof a land which flowed with Milk and Hony There was a great time betwixt Josephs dream and his exaltation in Egypt There were eight years betwixt Davids Vnction and Coronation in Hebron More instances might be given but it is no more than we shall ordinarily observe in the motions of divine providence the slower the mercy cometh the fuller it is and greater blessing when it cometh Gods people have ordinarily their greatest peace and comforts after their longest and greatest trials and afflictions The reasonableness of this motion of divine Providence appeareth in this that look as in punishing of sinners where Providence moveth slowly it usually hath a great heap of sins to reckon with men for so here it hath great faith and patience to reward in this case Tribulation worketh patience and patience experience saith the Apostle Rom. 5. where there is long tribulation there must be the exercise of much faith much patience much hope and this brings forth much experience Gods greatest rewards of joy and peace in the inward man of eternal life glory and happiness come after much waiting The Apostle telleth us Heb. 10.36 You have need of Patience that after you have done the will of God you might receive the promise The receiving of the promise then is after much patience in doing the will of God and Rom. 2.6 7. The Apostle tells us that God will render unto every man according to his deeds to them who by patient continuance in well-doing seek for glory and honour and immortality eternal life But I have been large enough in the confirmation of this observation I proceed to some application of it Vse 1. In the first place What can strike a greater trembling into the loins of sinners than this I shewed you before that the punishment of a resolved impenitent sinner is certain and constant As well may he promise himself that he shall not dye as that he shall not be turned into Hell and at last hear that dreadful sentence depart from me ye cursed into everlasting burnings it is constant though he is not sensible of it yet God is angry with him every day he every day groweth worse and worse more
the justice and goodness of God and the revelation of his will in Ezech. 18.4 and other Texts This dispensation at first view seemeth not to comport with the justice of God which must give every man his due and recompence to every one according to his work Now the work of the Father is not the work of the Child how then cometh it to be recompensed to the Child much less doth it seem to comport with the goodness of God to visit the iniquity of the Father upon the child and then it seemeth to cross what God hath said Ezech. 18.4 The soul that sinneth shall dye and again Jer. 31.29 30. Every one shall dye for his own iniquity every man that eateth the sowre grape his teeth shall be set on edge But I beseech you observe 1. How ready we are to quarrel with God for what is done every day with men and no man accuseth it of injustice to take away the estates of Children for the treasons of Parents for the debts of Parents c. How ordinarily in war do innocent Children suffer for their Parents yet as to man the law of God is plain Deut. 24.16 The fathers shall not be put to death for the children neither shall the children be put to death for the parents every man shall be put to death for his own sin and reason holds much stronger for Gods punishing even with death the sin of the parent upon the child For 1. God can compensate the loss of a temporal life to the child with an eternal life this man cannot do This was Augustines reason 2. God seeth guilt enough in children to justifie his vengeance To man they are innocent yet according to that barbarous custom in war nothing is more ordinary than to take away the lives of children for the fathers faults yet the world doth not much clamour at this 2. The justice of God is sufficiently cleared in this That God never punisheth any for the sin of their correlate in whom there is not personal guilt enough to justifie God in that proceeding Every one in his punishment beareth his own burden though possibly his sin and the sin of his father be punished together 3. Correlates are the goods of their Relations Children are the great portion of Parents so are people the riches and goods of Princes thus Aquinas solveth this difficulty Filii sunt res parentum Thus the learned Rivet saith children have in them aliquid parentis indeed that is something more children are not only the portion and goods of their parents but they are pieces of their parents and their parents are punished in them As David was punished in the death of his first child by Bathsheba Some may say this is something if children were only punished during the life of their parents but how are their parents punished in them when they are dead before vengeance cometh upon the child Answ The fear of it all their life-time is a punishment 2. Is it no punishment to them though dead to have their names blotted out 4. The goodness of God is seen in this That it is a rational means to do good to the parents and parents are often advantaged by the punishment of the children David was so you know If God will say to the child I will punish you and use your punishment to do good to your parents what have we to say to it If we ought to lay down our lives for our brethren as St. John determines certainly if God calls children to it they ought to be willing to lay down their lives for their parents if God impose it upon them Debent parentibus hoc officium saith Augustine Plutarch disputing the justice of the gods he was a Heathen and that his dialect in this particular saith that Physitians use to bleed the arm for a pain in the head and by a parity of reason so excuseth the Divine Justice The Parents have been instruments of giving life to the Children and God giveth Children many advantages for the Parents sake 5. In the mean time if the children be good and holy their afflictions are but fatherly chastisements Their deaths do but remove them to a better life so that they have no wrong not suffering in their souls nor by eternal punishments for the sins of their parents 6. Lastly saith Augustine God by this means doth maintain discipline and keep up his authority and government in states in the world in his Church in particular families Now who shall deny God the liberty of exercising an act of meer Power and Soveraignty if it were no more when by it a discipline and government is kept up in the Universe and by it many greater disorders and wickednesses are prevented Sinners are terrified and the thoughts of the miseries their children may feel for their sins may affright those who would adventure their own skins and necks and souls too I have now done with the Doctrinal part of this Observation I come to the Practical Application of this discourse Vse 1. In the first place this may serve to satisfie us as to the Justice of God in the distribution of some rewards of this life to the worst of men by the rewards of this life I understand riches honours outward prosperity and blessing It is a saying usually imputed to Hierom Omnis Dives est vel injustus vel injusti haeres every rich man is either an unrighteous man or the son of an unrighteous man I do not know but we may say the contrary That every prosperous man is either justus aut haeres justi either himself a good and righteous man or the child of such a one I mean not the immediate child but descended from such a one I will not assert it too universally but shall refer it to your Observation If you see a leud and wicked man growing great rich prospering much in the world observe whether he be not one who like Jehu hath not personally done some eminent service for God so Jehu did so Assyria did so Nebuchadnezzar did he made his Army to do a great service against Tyre 2. If you cannot find that enquire if he were not a descendent from some that had done some such service Jeroboam the Son of Joash Jehu's Grandchild was a naughty man yet the Kingdom of Israel had no such time of prosperity as in his Reign God did not reward any personal vertue in him but he rewarded the service which his Grandfather Jehu had done against the house of Ahab The prosperity therefore of wicked men should not trouble us nor be a temptation to us we should only conclude thus How much more will the Lord reward his faithful servants who worship and serve him in truth and with a perfect heart Vse 2. In the second place This may serve to rectifie the mistakes of those who may be under a temptation to say with David That they have washed their hands in vain and cleansed their hearts
for nothing or to allude to the Apostles phrase We have been fishing all day and caught nothing The error lyeth in your misapprehensions thinking you have no reward unless it be made to you personally yea and sensibly too 1. Is it nothing that he who feareth God and worketh righteousness is accepted of him And that you have as to this the continual feast of a good conscience no recoilings of your own breast no sowre reflections from thence surely this is something you have Christs peace when-as to the wicked there is no peace This is a reward unspeakable passing all understanding 2. If your sufferings be any testimony for Christ are they not rewards in themselves doth not the Lord honour that person whom he calleth out to be a witness for his name few are called to suffer for Christ Luther was troubled that God did not think him worthy of such a Crown The Apostles rejoyced that the Lord thought them worthy to suffer for the Name of Jesus Christ 3. But satisfie thy self It may be God hath laid up the reward for thy posterity and thy children and childrens children shall possibly reap what thou hast sown be assured good actions shall not be without their reward but rewards are not all of a kind no man shall ever say he hath waited upon the Lord in vain or sought his face for nothing Vse 3. This calleth upon us all to take heed of sinning against the living God especially such sins as I have before instanced in there are many arguments to be used to defame sin and to disswade from it To them all let this be added the curse which sin entails upon our posterity our sins are sometimes hid with God and sealed up in a bag and the vengeance of God for them falls not upon our selves but upon those that come after us Now the force of this argument lyes in that natural affection which every man hath for his posterity he must be a very debauched person that hath no regard to his posterity every one almost is careful to lay up something for his children take heed of laying up a treasure of Divine wrath for them If you will not regard your own bodies the peace of your own breasts nor your eternal welfare yet fear sinning against God because of the vengeance which may for your sin come upon your posterity It is a terrible Meditation to consider how many the threatnings of God against children are for the parents sins Job 5.3 4. Eliphaz saith I have seen the foolish taking root but suddenly I cursed his habitation His children are far from safety and they are crushed in the gate neither is there any to deliver them And again Job 17.5 He that speaketh flattery to his friends even the eyes of his children shall fail the triumphing of the wicked is but short and the joy of the hypocrite is but for a moment Job 5.20 vers 10. His children shall seek to please the poor and his hands shall restore their goods And Job 21.19 speaking of the wicked he saith God layeth up iniquity for his children And Job 27.13 14. This is the portion of a wicked man with God and the heritage of oppressors which they shall receive from the Almighty If his children be multiplied it is for the sword and his off-spring shall not be satisfied with bread David who was a Prophet and by the spirit of Prophecy did but see and foretel what should come to pass having to do with wicked and deceitful men who Psal 109.2 3 4 5. opened their mouths against him and spake against him with a lying tongue compassed him about with words of hatred and fought against him without a cause for his love were his adversaries rewarding him evil for good and hatred for his love prayeth vers 9 10. Let his children be fatherless and his wife a widow let his children be continually vagabonds and beg let them seek their bread also out of desolate places Isa 14.21 In the threatning against Babel you find these words Prepare slaughter for his children for the iniquities of their fathers that they do not rise nor possess the land nor fill the face of the world with cities and Psal 137.8 9. O daughter of Babylon who art to be destroyed happy shall he be that rewardeth thee as thou hast served us Happy shall he be that taketh and dasheth thy little ones against the stones The Scripture is full of such prophecies and threatnings especially in the case of some eminent oppressions or cruelties used by any parents or some eminent corruptions in worship c. Now should not this lay a law upon parents who are so sollicitous for the good and prosperity of their children when they shall not be God layeth up the iniquities of parents many times for their children In short as there is no man that can provide better for his children than he that worketh righteousness and eminently serveth God in his generation I never saw the righteous forsaken saith David nor their seed begging their bread so none can provide worse for their children than by laying up a stock of sin to be revenged upon them Children are bound by law to pay their Fathers debts to man that often proves heavy but this is more dreadful they often as to temporal punishments pay their Fathers debts also to the Justice of God and this by the way sheweth us the high advantage of godly parents as the disadvantage of those who have had wicked and profane parents the former inherit blessing the latter cursing and judgment very ordinarily upon the account of their parents Vse 4. This observation calleth aloud to those that are children descended from wicked and ungodly parents it may be the case of some that are before me to be humbled for the sins of their parents and predecessors And 2. To take heed of continuing in the sins of their predecessors Josia was thus humbled and the Lord turned away his wrath that it came not upon him though it came upon his posterity when he was gone to his grave in peace Daniel in his humiliation chap 9. vers 16. forgets not this Because for our sins and the iniquity of our fathers Hierusalem hath been made a reproach The Church complaineth Lam. 5.7 Our fathers have sinned and are not and we have born their iniquity Is there any here whose heart it may be is otherwise but they have had a Father or Predecessor who hath been a cruel bloody man a persecutor of the People of God an hater and enemy of Religion and Godliness I would have such a one think that although his heart be otherwise yet it is possible his fathers iniquity may be laid up for him The only way to prevent it and to turn it off is to get a tender broken heart for thy forefathers sins to confess them and to be humbled before the Lord for them 2. But let all men take heed that they continue not in them
18.10 to preach the Gospel undauntedly at Corinth addeth this for I have much people in this City Now supposing a City in which God had no people it might be much questioned whether God would Certain it is that the Apostle telleth us that God hath given Pastors and Teachers for the perfecting of the saints for the work of the Ministry for the edifying of the body of Christ Ephes 4.11 12. I remember that when the Prophet Elisha was sent for to Jehosaphat Jehoram and the King of Edom when they were in their distress for want of water you have the story 2 Kings 3.13 Elisha saith to the King of Israel who was a wicked King what have I to do with thee vers 14. Were it not that I regard the presence of Jehosophat the King of Judah I would not look toward thee nor see thee I am very apt to think God speaketh so to every one whom he hath passed over in his eternal purpose and knoweth that they will not repent and believe Were it not for the sake of his elect with whom these men are mixed God would never regard them nor look to them in his Gospel dispensations but as the Gardiner watereth the weeds amongst the herbs because he cannot at present well pluck them up so God having resolved that the Tares should be suffered amongst the Wheat till the great harvest watereth them with the dew of the Gospel pariter adeunt pariter audiunt as Augustine saith in another case they living amongst the elect of God hear the words that are spoken from God to them the Ministers of the Gospel they know them not and therefore cannot distinguish and it hath pleased the wise God so to order it And this answer indeed almost taketh away the subject of the question for then it is as it were by accident only that they are called to The Elect are those spoken to others only as they are in their company as a Father intending only to give good counsel to his own children may yet give it to others who accidentally are in their company 2. But there are others who think That God doth this that he might declare to all what is their duty Alii vocantur ad officium solum alii etiam ad beneficium Spanhemius A Creditor may I hope mind his Debtor of his debt though he knoweth that he is not able to pay a tenth part of it and be resolved never to lend him mony to do it and so in calling upon him cannot be supposed so much as to intend his own payment and satisfaction for none intendeth what he knoweth is impossible This is an answer which our learned Pemble gives but this answer doth not satisfie some other very learned men for what is it to exhort another but to declare his duty to him and to say that the end why God declareth unto Reprobates their duty is that he might declare their duty to them is something uncouth for idem non est finis suiipsius The question is what end the wise God can have in declaring their duty to them in and by such exhortations 3. It is therefore possibly better answered That God doth this for maintaining discipline and government in the world It is but a common observation that the Preaching of the Gospel generally restraineth and civilizeth those or very many of those whose hearts are not yet changed by it and converted to the obedience of the Gospel Take in your eye but two places one where there is no Preaching of the Gospel or none which truly deserveth that name another place where the Gospel is Preached duly daily and lively and observe if the generality of the people in the later place be not strangely more civilized than those of the other Town or City So that God by the Preaching of the Gospel to all and the work of his Providence in so ordering and disposing it though he doth not intend the salvation of Reprobates yet may have a wise and excellent end for the good of the world in bridling and restraining the outragious and unbridled lusts of such men so that the world is not such a heap of confusion such a place of universal disorder as it would be were it not for the influence of the indefinite and universal Preaching of the Gospel amongst them nor is this an end at all unworthy of a wise and holy God as well with relation to his own glory which is impeached by the exorbitancies of mens lusts as with reference to the good of humane society for which as I have all along shewed you in these Discourses our good God in the motions of his Providence sheweth a great kindness and this may be said to be another end of Gods which also he doth generally obtain It is said by some That God causeth the Gospel to be Preached unto some that they might be without excuse The Apostle telleth us That the invisible things of God from the creation of the world are clearly seen being understood by the things that are made even his eternal power and God-head so that they are without excuse because that when they knew God they glorified him not as God Rom. 1.20 he speaketh of the Heathens and why may not we say of others that the glorious Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ is Preached unto many and the riches of Divine Grace displayed before them so that they are without excuse while they continue in impenitency and unbelief we may say of them as the Apostle saith of the Jews Have they not heard Rom. 10.18 did they not know God hath stretcht forth his hand to a disobedient and gainsaying people vers 21. I know Arminius doth object against this answer telling us this cannot be Gods end in sending his Gospel for exhortations to faith and repentance do not of themselves render persons without excuse but this is added to the nature of them But this reason also would prove that the faith and obedience of the elect is not intended by God for their obedience also is added to the exhortations But enough is spoken upon this Argument as to such who have an ear open to receive an answer Supposing that God hath chosen but some to eternal life that Christ hath made a Covenant but for some nor intentionally dyed for more than his Father had chosen in him and given to him yet God might cause the Gospel to be preached unto all the world and have very wise ends in the doing of it So as that the universality of the call to faith and repentance is no argument either against the election of grace or for an incertain Covenant no nor yet for an universal redemption And from hence also an easie solution may be made of another appearing difficulty It is certain according to the letter of my Text That now God commandeth every man to repent How can this be Quest 2. Supposing that a man or woman hath of himself no power to believe or
have nothing of goodness in them further than that they are a viaticum things of necessary use to support us in our way to eternity and to uphold our beings in the world while we are here doing the work which God hath given us to do and finishing our course and for that what our Saviour said is true Our life doth not lye in the abundance of that which we possess 5. Though they be not things in themselves good nor absolutely and compleatly good yet having something of goodness in them and a great goodness relative to the fancy apprehension and desires of sinners for there be many that will say Who will shew us any good understanding nothing else but corn and wine and oyl a long-life an healthful body a great estate honour and power c. It is but equal that God should gratify their senses and please them with some such things as they account the goods the greatest goods That they might not be without some experience of the riches of divine liberality and bounty God must be allowed to have a relation unto the vilest men and women he is not indeed their Father by Adoption but he is their Father by Creation It is not reasonable that any of Gods Creatures Absque ulla liberalitatis experientia elabantur should go out of the world without some experience of the divine liberality and goodness I remember it is said of Abraham that for the Children he had by Concubines he gave them portions and sent them away Gen. 25.5 Abraham gave all that he had unto Isaac but unto the sons of the concubines which Abraham had Abraham gave gifts and sent them away c. We may say the same of God he gives grace and glory to his Isaacs to the children of the promise but as for others he gives them gifts of the good things of this life festinat largiri saith an acute Author God makes hast to give out his largesses of mercy to them because they are not capable of the mercies of another life God hath time in eternity to reward his Saints but after this life he hath no time to give sinners any thing And this appeareth the more reasonable because the worst of men are not only Gods Creatures but may be in some things Gods Servants as the Assyrian and Nebuchadnezzar and Cyrus were Gods Servants there are very few wicked men but God maketh some use of if it be but to scourge his own people for that was the service which the Assyrian did God Isa 10. But this I have before spoken to more largely 6. It is very reasonable if we consider what there is in these good things of this life which God giveth out to sinners of the nature of means on Gods part to allure and perswade them to turn unto him The Apostle telleth us That the goodness of God leadeth men to repentance Rom. 2.4 It doth so ex natura sua of its own nature though through the wickedness of their heart it but makes them worse so Acts 14.17 He left not himself without witness in that he did good and gave us rain from heaven and fruitful seasons filling our hearts with food and gladness and this he did vers 16. to nations whom he suffered to walk in their own ways The business is not what these things prove eventually to sinners so indeed they prove but snares to their souls that is accidentally through the misimprovement they make of them by reason of the lust and corruption that is in their hearts nor is Gods intention and design in giving them the thing to be considered but what they are in themselves and of their own nature so they are things which they desire more than better things which are grateful and pleasant to them and should therefore oblige them to serve and please that God who so gratifyeth and pleaseth them in things which they make their delight and the matter of their choice 7. What in the last place if we should say that it is reasonable God should give them these things as one expresseth it In infortuniis apparatum that if they will not use them to their own good and advantage yet they might give Gods glory an advantage by justifying him in their condemnation upon their abusing the goodness of God They tell us a story of Philip King of Macedon and of some noble Romans that they were wont to pray to their Idols that they would mix their prosperity with some grains of adversity It is a dreadful speech Luk. 6. Wo to you that are rich for you have received your consolation It is a saying of an ingenious Author a Jesuite Insignitur solum titulus opulentiae ad justitiam damnationis quia licet ipsa crimen non sit multis fundatur criminibus aut fundat multa vel sceleribus paritur vel scelera parturit solitarius titulus fortunae infamis est nisi aliquid pietatis agnomen purget Merem That is Riches is only a famous title to justify God in the damnation of a sinner for though they in themselves be no crime yet they are a building founded on many sins or they lay a foundation for many they either are bred of many sins or else they bring forth many The title of outward prosperity alone is an infamous title if it hath not some addition of Piety The wrath of God smoaked against the Israelites whiles the flesh was betwixt their teeth God tells them by the Prophet Hosea chap. 13. v. 11. He gave them a King in his wrath There is a wonderful wisdom of Divine Providence seen in the prosperity of sinners their long-life health successes riches honours for one of these two things follow some of them are by them made better and brought home to God as children by some slighty rewards are won unto their duty or if the Providence of God obtaineth not this effect it faileth not in another viz. The justification of God before Angels and men in his righteous condemnation of them He hath given them time to repent and they repented not he hath given them mercies alluring them to their duty but they have not been won by them he hath piped unto them but they have not danced and thus much may serve to have justified the Providence of God and shewed you the reasonableness of its motion in the distribution of the good things of this life to sinners Quest 2. It remains in the second place to shew you how it consisteth with the righteousness and goodness of God to dispense out evil things to his own people Job complaineth of his sad tryals and David that he was visited every morning and chastened every moment and we see in our daily experience that many are the tryals of the most righteous servants of God and those of all sorts 1. I say in the first place This is not the lot of all the servants of God it is only the portion of some of them some of those who
fear God are rich honourable mighty in power men of good estates prospering in the world there was a rich Abraham a rich Joseph a great man in Egypt and a rich Joseph of Arimathea David the man according to Gods own heart was a great Prince so was Solomon nay as I said before were we not deceived by the odds in the number of Sinners and Saints I doubt whether we should not find that God with the good things of this life doth not more universally bless his own servants than he doth others 2. Suppose that some yea that many of the People of God in this world are tossed with tempests and afflicted yet surely there is none of them but hath sin enough to justifie God in their punishments of this nature I have in my former discourses proved to you that notwithstanding the satisfaction which Christ hath paid to the Justice of his Father and the Covenant of Grace made betwixt Christ and his Father on the behalf of his Elect and the pardoning of their sins yet it is consistent enough with Divine Justice to punish the sins of Gods own People with the afflictions and punishments of this life they may be chastened of the Lord that they may not be condemned with the world 1 Cor. 11.32 Now the most righteous man sinneth seven times a day nor doth any know how often he offendeth and why should a living man complain a man for the punishment of his iniquity Lam. 3. 3. If you could imagine any person to have lived so innocently as that he had not by his personal sins deserved those temporal afflictions with which God visiteth him yet as you have heard God may visit the sins of Parents of proparents upon Children and afflictions of this nature may come upon good people although not for their personal sins yet for the sins of their Parents and this is but righteousness with God as I have heretofore shewed you in a set discourse upon that Subject 4. But there is yet a fourth thing which I would speak to a little more fully in answer to this Question and that indeed takes away the Subject of the question upon the point As I said of the good things of this life they are not truly good so I may say of the evil things of this life they are not truly evil as the other are but larvata bona such things as have but a Vizard of goodness so these are but larvata mala such things as have but a shew and appearance of evil in them they are only sensible evils and our senses do but cheat our Souls in judging them evil This I will spend a little time to evince to you 1. In the first place These are not those things which desile the Soul It was a saying of Augustines There is a great deal of difference betwixt a mans being evil and suffering evil Many a Soul is made better by affliction none is made worse by it unless it be by accident Nothing but sin defileth a Soul a man may be poor in this world yet rich in grace he may have a sickly body yet an healthy Soul he may be ignoble in the world yet have the honour to be called the Child of God those things alone are evil which make the Soul filthy and unclean in the sight of God Afflictions tend to make the Soul white to purge it and to cleanse it they are therefore compared to fire and help to make our faith to appear more precious than Gold that perisheth they do not prejudice a Soul as to its grace nor yet as to its glory none was ever condemned by God because he was sickly or low in the world Afflictions are only ingrateful to our sense grievous to our flesh but as to our Soul and inward man they touch it not they do only sully the surface of a man they do no injury to all to his better part This Argument is plain what doth the Soul of a Christian no hurt is no evil Why should I call that evil which neither ever did me any hurt nor ever will 2. The Afflictions of this life are such things as the best of Gods people have chosen and preferred before the contrary supposed good This is a piece of that answer which Salvian long since gave to this difficulty of Providence Humiles sunt Religiosi hoc volunt pauperes sunt pauperie delectantur sine ambitione ambitum respuunt in honore sunt honorem respuunt lugent lugere gestiunt infirmi sunt infirmitate delectantur Salvian de Prov. Are good people saith he in a low condition they desire to be so Are they poor they are pleased with poverty they without ambition refuse the objects of ambition hunt not after great things Are they without honour they refuse the honours of this world Do they mourn they rejoyce to mourn Are they weak they triumph in their weakness Heb. 11.24 By faith Moses refused to be called the Son of Pharaoh's daughter chusing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season esteeming the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures of Egypt The Apostle refused Simon Magus his mony and that with a more than ordinary detestation Agur indeed prayeth against extreme poverty as a condition exposing him to temptation but he also upon the same account prayeth against Riches Lord saith he give me neither poverty nor riches Most glady saith the blessed Apostle 2 Cor. 12.10 will I rather glory in my infirmities that the power of Christ may rest upon me therefore I take pleasure in my infirmities in reproaches in necessities in persecutions in distresses for Christs sake for when I am weak then am I strong The Apostles sing in Prison and rejoice that they are counted worthy to suffer for the name of Christ The primitive Christians suffered joyfully the spoiling of their goods No man chuseth what he apprehendeth evil but those things the world call evils have very ordinarily been the choice of the best and most judicious servants of God 3. How can those things be called evils which have a tendency to make the man better Afflictions both from Gods intention and their own nature have a tendency to the making of the Souls of Saints better God intends them for that purpose for they are his fatherly Providence for them all those twigs which make up the rods with which God lasheth his people grow out of the root and stock of Divine love The rods with which God scourgeth Sinners are gathered of a Tree that standeth upon the brink of the bottomless pit but those with which God chastiseth his people are gathered of a Tree that stands in the midst of the Paradise of God Nay afflictions have in themselves a tendency to better the Souls of Saints They are but like a warm wall to the fruit-Tree which makes the fruit fairer you observe that young Children shoot out in sickness you
I remember it is a saying of Salvian Repugnanti corporis valetudine quae optamus facere non facimus many a time the want of strength and health in our bodies hindreth us from doing that sin which we have a mind to commit The great enjoyments of the world are not only the things which make men unwilling to die but both they and the great businesses and employments of the world are those things which keep Christians fettered they cannot pray they cannot wait upon God in ordinances they cannot fast they cannot solemnly worship God as others less intangled can amongst other advantages therefore of a poor and afflicted state an ingenious Author reckons this for one he saith it is puritatis condimentum the pickle of purity and holiness They are the very salt of the Earth without which the best of men would putrify in their full enjoyment They are you know sharp and acrimonious things that are the Enemies to putrefaction salt seasoneth things vinegar makes a good pickle preservative of things Sugar quickly corrupteth It is true there are too too many that have little enough of these things and as little of any gracious habits poverty and afflictions will not give grace but that is a rare Christian that abounds with the affluences of this life and yet keepeth his integrity is as pure as holy as full of duty as others who have less of this worlds goods they are no fountains of grace but they are great preservatives of it 2. Nay this is not all in the second place they conduce much to the improvements of grace especially of faith and patience They are two habits of grace that like Solomons brother and friend are made for adversity Tribulatio patientiae Robur operatur patientia fidei probationem parit Tribulation addeth to the strength of patience and patience bringeth forth the tryal of Faith If the people of God never met with affliction how should the trial of their faith appear more pretious than that of Gold which perisheth How should their patience have its perfect work Faith is never seen till we be out of sight of the thing which we pretend to trust God for Hope which is seen is no hope but if we hope for that which we see not then do we with patience wait for it Job's faith in God and love to God was seen in his trusting in him and adhering to him while God seemed to be killing of him Practical habits are improved by exercise The Souls of the Saints ordinarily come out of their trials more strong in faith more confirmed in hope more exercised in patience more flaming in love to God how then shall we call those things evils which instead of depraving the Soul and making it worse do tend to the improvement of the Soul and making of it better 3. Lastly the highest good which the Soul is capable of is the beatifical vision and enjoyment of God to all Eternity To this the low estate of the people of God doth exceedingly conduce 2 Cor. 4.17 Our light Affliction which is but for a moment worketh for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory Those who shall sit with God upon thrones are those which continue with him in tribulations The great multitude which St. John saw Rev. 7.9 10 11 12 13. which no man could number of all Nations kindreds people and tongues which stood before the throne and before the Lamb clothed with white robes and palms in their hands upon inquiry were found to be those who came out of great tribulation and had washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb v. 14. Our sufferings in this life do not merit glory alas there is no perfection in our suffering and sufferings are but our duty nor is there any proportion betwixt light and momentany afflictions and a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory but they work for us a far more exceeding weight of glory Thou art mistaken then O Christian in thy Judgment God doth not as thou dreamest distribute good things to his Enemies nor yet evil things to his friends the business is no more than this Deus per ficta mala punit suos per larvata bona impios remunerat Nierem God indeed by things in appearance good rewardeth wicked men and by things in appearance evil he punisheth those that are his own people Nor let any one think to quibble here as if God mocked either the one or the other for although these things which the wicked enjoy are not real and substantial good things yet as they are the things which they desire delight in which they chuse above other things more solidly and substantially good they are to them really good and they have a tendency to make them better and the afflictions of the people of God as they have in them an enmity to their flesh and are ingrateful to their senses so they have something of real evil in them but comparatively with other evils or the greater good things which God hath prepared for his people they have nothing of evil in them In short every observing man discerneth the difference betwixt the love of an indulgent cockering mother and a wise and prudent father The father sheweth his love to the Child by fitting it to live in the world another day learning it to be a man to know the world and to converse with it to this purpose he inureth it to hardship he sends it to school and keepeth it under a severe discipline thus he sheweth his love to his Child and when the Child cometh to years of discretion the Child thanks him for it though under the discipline of its youth possibly the Child thinks the father its worst enemy The mother possibly sheweth her love by cockering the Child dandling it upon her knee providing fine clothes for it giving it sweet-meats c. Which things indeed have nothing of true love in them and do only tend to emasculate the Child and make it of an effeminate temper and more unfit to converse with or live in the world another day Patrium Deus habet in bonos animum saith an ingenious Author God loves good people not like a mother but like a father whom he loveth he chastneth and scourgeth every Child whom he receiveth he keeps them at the school of affliction and educateth them under the discipline of the rods and ferulaes of many trials and afflictions he suffereth not the world which is their natural mother according to the flesh to hug them in her bosom nor to dandle them upon her knees he chasteneth them that they might not be condemned with the wicked he hath said blessed is he whom thou chasteneth and teachest him out of thy Law This is but a fatherly dealing of God with his people God thus fitteth them for Heaven polisheth them for shafts in his own quiver by this darkness makes them fit for the Saints in light Why
mean time he is in the love and favour of God he may have communion with God and God will provide for him These and an hundred such things as these afford matter enough for the child of God to delight himself in the Lord at all times 2. Consider again how equitable it is that Children should at all times delight themselves in him because he at all times delighteth himself in them whom the Lord loveth he chastneth as a Father his Son in whom he delighteth his chastening is not a dispensation of wrath but of wisdome Observe how he speaketh to his afflicted Church Isa 54.11 O thou afflicted tossed with tempests and not comforted behold I will lay thy stones with fair colours and lay thy foundations with saphires Christ was anointed to appoint unto them that mourn in Zion to give unto them beauty for ashes the oyl of joy for mourning and the garment of gladness for the spirit of heaviness Isa 64.1 3. Though his people have lien amongst the Pots as the Psalmist expresseth it yet he hath a pleasure in them 3. Let me Thirdly offer to your consideration the advantage of this delighting your selves in the Lord in a day of Evil. It would arme the Soul against all the temptations of an evil time 1. It would abstract the mind from the world we see if the Husband delights in his Wife or a Father on his Child how it draweth off their hearts from all other objects that all are nothing to them in comparison of that object in which the great delight of their heart is 2. It would fill the mind of a man so as it should say to all the world as Esay I have enough I have enough keep what thou hast unto thy self or as Jacob whose delight was in Joseph It is enough is Joseph yet alive It is enough 3. It would give the Soul a rest The mind of a man resteth in the object of its delight 4. Finally it would wonderfully quiet the mind as to the Will of God we are usually satisfied with what is done by those persons whom we principally love and delight in Let this therefore be our study our great labour and business to bring up our hearts to a delight in the Lord. Study his attributes that you may know what he is in his Power Goodness Truth Wisdom c. Study his promises which concern this life or that which is to come particularly those which more specially sute thy circumstances Consider the examples of the Saints and Servants of God in thy circumstances meditate upon these things whet them upon thy heart say often to thy self This God is in himself Thus and thus he hath revealed himself and he who hath said it is Power Goodness Truth c. But this is enough to have spoken to this other piece of a Christians duty under such dispensations of Divine Providence I proceed to another piece of Duty 4. Depart from evil and do good You have it vers 8. Fret not thy self in any wise to do Evil. And vers 3. Trust in the Lord and do good you have them both together Psal 34.12 and 1 Pet. 3.12 Now this doing of good is a very large term according to the intent of all that duty which is required of us by the precepts of the first and second table There is a duty which we owe unto God all which is comprehended under the first and great commandement Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart and all thy Soul and all thy Strength Thus that man doth good that loveth and feareth God that prayeth unto him and performeth all those acts of homage and worship which God hath in his word required as much and as zealously and warmly in the worst as in the best of times this is properly a doing of good it is honest and just and what God requireth of us it bringeth profit and advantage to our selves it will bring comfort sweetness and peace to the Soul So that take good in what notion you will this is a true doing good Again there is a good which may be done to our selves or to others the Apostle commandeth us to do good to all Gal. 6.10 thus our Saviour commandeth us to do good to them that hate us and the Apostle Heb. 13.16 commands us not to forget to do good and to distribute and it is one piece of our doing good Isa 1.17 to judge the fatherless and relieve the oppressed Further yet there is a good of our general calling This is comprehensive of the whole duty of a man considered in no further capacity than that of a creature towards God or that of a Christian relating to the Lord Jesus Christ and owning him There is a good of our particular calling respecting us with reference to our Relations as Magistrates or Subjects Husbands or Wives Ministers or flock Parents or children Masters or Servants Finally there is a good of a particular season the works and business of our day relating to the particular circumstances and dispensations of Providence under which it pleaseth God to bring us Having thus far discoursed of good and distinguished of that it is easie to understand what Evil is It is either the omission of some of these duties or the commission or doing some things which are opposite to them I take the precepts of the text in the large sence A Christian ought to do all manner of good and to abstain from all omissions of any duty or commissions of any thing which is contrary to that duty which God expecteth from him either in his general calling or in his particular Relation he is at all times to eschew evil and to do good The precepts of God Psal 37.26 Isa 1.16 17. 1 Pet. 3.12 concern him and oblige him at all times but it is their more especial duty with reference to evil times and indeed this is the readiest way to make times better Evil times are so called upon a double account either with respect to sin or to punishment These times are evil times wherein sin aboundeth and the love of many groweth cold now our sins contribute to the aboundings of sin in the time wherein we live we use to say that if every man would sweep his own door the streets would be clean Times are also called evil with respect to punishment to some judgments of God that are abroad in the world now for us to do good to depart from evil and do good is the way to have the judgments of God averted from us Wash you saith God Isa 1.16 17. make you clean put away the evil of your doings from you come let us reason together though your sins be as scarlet you shall be as snow though they were as crimson you shall be as white as wooll You have it vers 6. Do good and thou shall dwell in the land and as we Translate it verily thou shalt be fed Zeph. 2.3 Seek you the Lord all you
God made us any promise that he will convert and Eternally save all our Children on whose behalf we labour and wrestle with God but as Hannah obtained her Child by Prayer upon which account it was that she named him Samuel Beg'd of God so I doubt not but that there are many good Parents that by Prayer have from God obtained the Conversion and Regeneration of their Children and that early that the Lord might as it were shew them that he gave in the Souls of their Children to their prayers and their godly instructions exhortations reproofs catechizing c. If we should never see grace appearing in tender years we should conclude it in vain during those years to use any means with them tending to such an end The Apostle telleth Timothy 2 Tim. 3.15 That from a Child he had known the Scriptures and 2 Tim. 1.5 He mentioneth an unfained faith that was both in his Grandmother Lois and in his Mother Eunice and he was perswaded in him also in him doubtless in great measure by their means God honouring their labours with the conversion of Timothy 2. Secondly Possibly God doth intend some elect vessels of his no long time in the World God intended Abijam the Son Jeroboam but a short time in the World and therefore there was early found in him some good thing I observed that amongst all the Patriarchs which are reckoned up Gen. 5. He of them who before Enos lived the shortest time lived 895 years the rest lived longer only Enoch lived but 365 about a third part of the time of the other It is said He walked with God and was not for God took-him and we see this of times in our experience God taketh away those in their youth whom he calleth in their Childhood and youth You have an observation that beautiful Children or Children of composed serious countenances when very young or such as being very young are very toward and fond of their Books seldome live long how true that is I cannot say but you shall I believe more certainly observe it of such who earlily have their hearts changed and are converted unto God God setteth those to work young to whom he hath not appointed long time to work of all whom God hath given unto Christ he must lose none and though Infants elect are saved upon the Covenant of grace before it appeareth to the World that they have laid hold upon it or are in a capacity in order to it to exercise their reason yet that is not Gods usual way where he alloweth to any a longer life till they come to exercise their reason he expecteth they should keep the ordinary road to Heaven by repentance and faith and in order to this he worketh upon their hearts betimes giving them repentance unto life and faith to lay hold upon the Lord Jesus Christ 3. Thirdly Possibly God doth intend some a longer time in the World but hath designed them for some great and eminent service in it such the Lord useth to call betimes I will shew it you in two or three eminent instances The first is that of Samuel Samuel was to be a great Prophet yea and a Judge in Israel God accordingly betimes took him unto his more special tutorage he was designed by his Mother and from the very time of his weaning by her dedicated unto the Lord and the Lord while he was yet a Child eminently communicated his mind to him as you read in the story 1 Sam. 2.3 chap. Josiah was a Second God had designed him for a great and eminent service he was Prophesied of many years before he was born and that by name as who should work a great and eminent Reformation and he did do that God earlily prepares him for it he was but 8 years old when he began to reign and he began to seek the Lord God of his Fathers and when was but 16 years of age he began a work of Reformation of a long and most grosly corrupted state Timothy is a third God had designed him for an Evangelist to have a great hand in settling the Gospel-Church God called him very young from a Child he knew the Holy Scriptures which are able to make the man of God wise unto Salvation To these I may add an instance of an eminent Prince in our own Nation King Edward the Sixth who laid the first Principles of our reformation King Henry the 8th did little and what he did seemed rather to be out of interest so biassing him than otherwise God was pleased in his very young and tender years to seize upon his heart He had intended him as the event proved but a short life and he had laid out for him a very great work to purge such an Augean Stable as the Popish rabble had left Two observations I have made upon reading the Scripture 1. That when God had long kept some women his servants barren they ordinarily proved the Mothers of very eminent Children Rachel Manoahs wife Hanna and Elizabeth are instances of that 2. That God very often when he designed Persons for some eminent work prepared them for it by an early seizing upon their hearts and sanctifying them from the Womb unto himself And this will appear to you very reasonable upon a double account 1. Those which do a great deal of work for God must have a great deal of time to do it in All humane actions you know require time and a proportion of time according to the work 2. Those who are to excel in work must not be much blotted in their previous conversation Jacob in his blessing of Reuben Gen. 49. v. 4. hath this expression Reuben shall not excel because he went up unto his Fathers bed he went up unto my Couch God seldome alloweth any one eminently to excel whose youth hath been stained with many eminent and notorious blots they may come to Heaven upon their conversion but they shall not excel in the world I can think but of one instance in Scripture to the contrary which is that of Saul he was a persecutor himself telleth us and a blasphemer yet received to mercy but he saith it was because he did it ignorantly St. Paul's persecution was not rooted in a malice against godliness and holiness but in an error of judgment he saith of himself that he verily thought that he ought to do many things against Jesus of Nazareth There is a great deal of difference betwixt scandalous sinners one man is prophane and a persecutor only by a mistake another man is so by principle St. Paul was of the former sort 't is true he was a prophane and mischievous persecutor a prophane blasphemer but it was by a mistake not that he had any prejudice or ill Opinion of the ways of holiness which Christs Doctrine led to for he was never that we read of scandalous in those things which the light of Nature Reason or the Law of Moses required or forbad but only as
that it may live and not dye God calleth into his Vineyard at several hours some he calleth at the Sixth some at the Nineth some at the Eleventh hour Happy thrice happy are they whom God findeth at the Sixth hour in their youth and persuadeth to go into his Vineyard they ordinarily find not so hard a labour of the new-birth they have the priviledg of a longer familiarity and acquaintance with God they have more opportunities of doing God service God often honoreth them to do him some more eminent service but if you have slipped that hour if it be the Ninth hour nay if it be in the wane of your life if it be towards Evening with you that you have nothing to do but to repent and dye singing the Song of old Simeon Now Lord let thy servant depart in peace for mine eyes have seen thy Salvation yet thou hast no cause to discourage thy self God doth not work upon all Souls at one and the same period of time Great sinners have no reason to discourage themselves the gate to Heaven may appear something straiter to you than unto others you may have an harder work of it it is an hard thing for those that are accustomed to do evil to do well but yet if God will give you an heart to repent if the Lord shall change your hearts and incline you to turn unto him there is mercy with God even for you God can men make to bring forth fruit in their old age Vse 3. Lastly and with that I shall shut up this discourse This speaketh aloud unto all such as have the charge of others as Parents Masters Tutors and Governours to be daily labouring with them for the good of their Souls using all possible means to bring them unto God It is Solomons advice Ecc. 11.6 In the morning sow thy seed and in the evening let not thy hand be slack for thou knowest not which shall prosper this or that or whether both shall be alike good you that are Parents of Children Masters of Servants in any relation Governours of youth see what an ingagement lyeth upon you to bring up your Children to Reading the word Catechizing to bring them to hear faithful Preachers sow the seeds of Spiritual learning and instruction in them in the Morning of their lives hearken not to those who would perswade you that Catechizing in your families is useless and that a Notional knowledg signifieth nothing until God come to work in their hearts that is true but ill applyed when used as a discouragement to the use of the means of knowledg God doth his work by the use of means on our parts and Preaching is not the only means God sometimes in the conversion of sinners maketh his way to their hearts by their heads sanctifying notions of truth dropt into Souls of persons in their tender years and reflecting them many years after upon the conscience you know not which shall prosper this or that use them to read the Scriptures to be examined questioned and catechised out of the Scriptures to hear lively and powerful preaching you know not which shall prosper in order to the conversion of their Souls and turning them to God this or that whether reading or preaching or Family-instruction God that can work without means useth as you have heard a variety of means and doth not limit himself to this or that Or whether both may not prove alike good God may use one means to begin another to perfect one to plant another to water one for laying the foundation another for building thereon and laying the corner-stone and yet when the building is finished you shall see reason enough to cry Not unto us O Lord not unto us but to thy name be given the glory to cry Grace Grace unto it The Knowing person when converted hath usually if not guilty of notorious sins against his light the easiest new-birth and the most quiet and peaceable life Many more doubts and fears trouble those that are more imperfect in their knowledg of the things of God than trouble others O let it not be said of you as it was said of Herod upon occasion of the killing of his own Child amongst the rest of the Infants That it was better to be Herods Hog than his Child Let it not be said of any of you that it is better to be your Horse or Swine or other Beast than your Child or Servant or Scholar For your Beasts you provide all things sutable to their Natures and capacities O remember your Children have Spiritual beings and are born into the World with a capacity of Eternity nay under a certain ordination to a miserable or blessed Eternity SERMON LIII Isaiah 28.29 This also cometh from the Lord who is wonderful in Counsel and excellent in working THE Particle This in the front of my Text is relative to what went before where the Prophet had been speaking of some works of Divine Providence and those but of an inferiour Nature if compared with others the discretion by which men having divers sorts of Grain and Seeds are taught to get them out of their husks and ears by instruments not always the same but suted to the respective Grain or Seed they intend to get out Of this it is that the Text speaks This discretion and saith it cometh from the Lord who is wonderful in Counsel So that I desire you to observe that my following discourses which I shall bottom on this Text are not founded on the first words and the relative Particle This but upon the latter where Gods wonderfulness in Counsel and excellency in working are join'd together Gods excellency in the workings of Providence floweth from his wonderful Counsel and if such little instincts as the foregoing verses speak of be from the Lord the Lords workings and from a wonderful Counsel an easie argumentation will conclude that Gods dispensations of special grace by the hand of his Providence must needs be the effects of infinite wisdom and proceed from the Lord who is wonderful in Councel which is the point I have in hand and to vindicate Divine wisdom from our exceptions against it because of the variety which God useth in his dispensations of it and the inequal distributions of it to the Children of men I have spoken already to the varieties of Providence in the dispensations of the first grace by which a Soul is converted and turned from sin unto God in which work the Soul is meerly passive I come now to speak to those dispensations of Spiritual grace wherein the Soul is not meerly passive but active as to these also we shall observe a great variety in the motions of Divine Providence and a great inequality in the distributions of it of which I shall give you some account and then shut up the discourse To this inequality of distribution good Christians often find it an hard thing to reconcile their thoughts and although God must be allowed to have
the seventh part of our time which the Fourth Commandement hath consecrated so as those under a different perswasion in this thing are under a necessity of breaking Communion in solemn acts of Worship with all Churches and this is very sad and uncomfortable Study to be rooted and grounded in every Truth though every Proposition of Truth be not of that value as to break Unity and Peace for yet there is not any but is worth searching and inquiring after but if after all you cannot be reconciled to your Brethrens Opinions nor yet reconcile them to yours learn according to the Apostles Precept 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to speak to contend for to hold the Truth in love and to be charitable to those whom you may discern of different perswasions and apprehensions from you God as I have shewed you doth in great wisdom permit these different apprehensions in his people God may have received those that so differ do you receive them because God hath received them Thus I have shewed you how my fore-going Discourse may be useful to you for the improvement of your charity It may also be useful to you for the improvement of your piety and that divers wayes 1. Vse 2 To teach you to adore the divine wisdom in these different dispensations of his providence You cannot understand why God suffereth some of his people to be weak weak in faith weak as to their spiritual habits and exercises you think God might have more glory if they were stronger and their habits were more confirmed which is certainly true as to the actings of those particular persons the more strong any one is in faith the more confirmed he is in the habits of holiness the more undoubtedly that single person would glorifie God but the Government as of particular souls so of the whole Church is upon Christs Shoulders And in the government of his providence he so administreth the affairs of particular souls as he may have the most glory from the whole Besides God ordinarily governs his people not by miraculous operations but by ordinary reasonable means Which two things being supposed Gods infinite wisdom appears in the different sizes and statures of his people in their different states and complexions Every one hath that measure of grace and knowledge which best suiteth the good of the whole Body of his Church which as the body natural hath different members and those of different uses and must be so disposed as shall render them most serviceable one to another and the whole most serviceable to the great design of Gods glory Let us not therefore trouble our selves in disputing the equity and reasonableness of Divine Providence in its motions for though we cannot by searching find out the Almighty unto Perfection yet you see there is no such variety in Gods Dispensations of this nature but a reasonable account may be given of it And as to these Dispensations it will appear at the last that those who have least shares of this hidden manna will have no lack of enough to bring them to Heaven and those who have the greatest portions of it will find they have nothing over 2. But in the second place This Discourse affords a great argument to promote holiness in all our souls The subject of my Discourse hath been not the dispensations of the first grace but Gods further manifestations unto the souls of his people And you have heard it given as one reason of Gods variety in the Dispensations of them That some souls walk more closely with God are more afraid to offend him and more careful to please him than others are For though the soul as to the Reception of the first grace be meerly passive yet as to the receiving of these manifestations in the several degrees of them it is many ways Active All therefore that I have to do is to call upon you to perfect Holiness and to shew you what force there is in this Argument to ingage you to it Holiness is a great General comprehending whatsoever is the Duty of Man pursuant to the Will of God All Duties both to God and Man fall under the Motion of it as well Acts of Righteousness towards Men as Acts of Devotion towards God yea and not Acts onely but even secret Thoughts and those powers and habits of the Soul which are the Principles of such Acts. When I therefore upon this account call upon you to perfect Holiness my meaning is that you should study that perfection of Spirituality and Heavenly Duty which God requires of you but for the sake of those that are weaker and because there are some pieces of Holiness which do more properly and immediately trend towards the reception of these gradual manifestations and the omission of which may in a more peculiar and special manner hinder the reception of them and provoke God to deny them let me open this general in some few particulars 1. First Take heed of all wilful sinning for if we consider the with-drawings of these Divine Influences as punishments of sin as undoubtedly sometimes they are it is hard to say what wilful sinning God may not thus punish Davids sins of Murther and Adultery were acts of unright ousness towards men yet God punished them in this manner as we may gather from his penitential Psalms there is no sort of sin that I know but may for a time separate betwixt God and the Soul and make him to hide his Face from it That Christian therefore that would have these manifestations of God unto him these abidings of the Holy Spirit with him must be Holy in all manner of Conversation having a respect to all Gods Commandements as well those of the second Table as those of the first Conscience may check and reflect sourly upon the soul for any of them and where that doth so reflect and check there will be little Peace and Comfort little Life and Vigour unto duty little Growth and Progress in the Ways of God Herein therefore exercise your selves to keep a Conscience void of offence both towards God and towards men to keep your selves from all filthiness both of flesh and spirit 2. Secondly In a more particular manner take heed of all earthy mindedness 1 Joh. 2.15 Love not the World nor the things of the World if any man love the World the love of the Father is not in him v. 16. For all that is in the World the lust of the Eyes the lust of the Flesh and the pride of Life is not of the Father but is of the World Pleasure Profit Honour is all that the World can afford any man A man given up to the pursuit of pleasure or of worldly profits and advantages or worldly honours and preferments scarce can have any true love for God and the promise of manifestation is made to him that loves God and keeps his Commandments The Apostle telleth us That to be carnally minded is death but to be spiritually minded is
is made sweet to him are the Lords his Wheat his Oyl his Wool Silk Flax c. This speaketh him the most ingrateful creature in the whole Creation 3. Nay lastly It speaks him the most self-condemned creature If he would but ask his own conscience whose image and superscription he bears it would certainly reply unto him God's then certainly that of our Saviour would follow Render therefore unto God the things that are Gods and in not doing so he cannot but be condemned by his own Conscience whenever he will give it liberty to speak freely to him SERMON III. Psal XXXVI 6. O Lord thou preservest man and beast I Am now come to the Theme which I at first intended viz. a discourse concerning Divine Providence to which my two former were indeed but preliminary and introductory discourses I shall not speak to Divine Providence in that latitude in which sometimes Divines take it as it comprehendeth the Prescience of God but shall restrain my discourse to what Divines call Actual Providence by which I understand the workings of God referring to the world as created We have already shewed 1. That there was an eternal purpose of God according to the counsel of his will concerning all things 2. That in pursuit of this he first made the worlds all creatures both in heaven and earth Now the question is Whether God when he had made the worlds left them to their own order and government either subjecting them to a mathematical fate or leaving them to their own inclinations no further caring for them or Whether he doth not exercise a daily care concerning them in the preservation of their beings qualities and faculties and directing and governing their motions and actions we affirm the latter viz. That as all things were made at first per essentiam creatricem by the creating power of the Divine Being producing them out of a Not-being into a Being so they are kept in Being and Order per ejusdem potentiam conservatricem by the same power preserving upholding and governing of them This is a very large Theme should I undertake it in the full extent and compass of it but I shall reduce whatsoever I shall say concerning it to these Heads 1. I shall speak something concerning the Nature and Principal acts of Providence as more generally respecting creatures I shall therefore first prove the thing That there is such an act of God and then discourse of the two main acts of it 2. In regard the motions of Providence are not all equal I shall discourse something concerning the specialties of it 3. I shall shortly discourse of the depths and unsearchable things of it 4. Something I shall also speak more largely of our duty to observe it and some more special observable things in the motions of it 5. Lastly I shall speak something fully concerning the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or hard Chapters of it For what St. Peter 1 Pet. 3.16 saith concerning Paul's Epistles the same may be applied to the workings of Divine Providence There are in them some things hard to be understood which they who are unlearned and unstable wrest as they do other things to their own destruction The profane and carnal hearts of men wrest them to their ruin the jealous and suspicious Christian to his own disquiet My work will then be to answer some hard questions solve some Phaenomena's expound some hard Chapters so as to reconcile the motions of Providence to the eternal purpose the faithful promises and the unchangeable loving-kindness of God to his church and people This shall be the method of my discourse First Let me open the term and then establish the thing That there is a providence The word Providence is derived from the Latine and indeed strictly according to the Notation of the word signifies no more than a foresight of a thing that is to come in which notion Tully describes it This it may be gave some Divines advantage to extend the Notion of it to the Divine Prescience Per quam futurum aliquid videtur antequam eveniat Cicero de Invent 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But this Notation is too short to express the Notion of Providence as an act of God and indeed the Notation of it both in the Hebrew and Greek signifies more than this In the first a curious subtil search and care in the second more than a bare sight such a one as is conjoined with care and minding the thing seen Indeed we do not find the Noun Providence attributed to God in Scripture we find Tertullus the Roman Orator telling the Governour That by his Providence many worthy things had been done for the Jewish Nation Act. 24.2 But I do not remember the term Providence of God applied to God any-where But we are not disputing for a word the thing we find up and down Can God provide flesh for his people Psal 78. v. 20. God having provided better things for us 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Heb. 11.20 Job 38.41 Who provideth for the Raven his food when his young ones cry unto God Our Saviour Matt. 6. argueth from this act of God towards the Birds and the Lillies to disswade his Disciples from a too eager sollicitude for the things of this life There again is the thing plain enough though not the word Providence I hinted to you before that some Divines use the term sometimes in a far larger notion than I am speaking to it as comprehensive of something of the Divine Decrees relating to all but rational beings hence their distinction betwixt the Decree of Predestination and the Decree of Providence The latter they make the purpose of God to create the world and to preserve and govern it being created and thus they make Creation a branch of Providence it was indeed a working according to the Counsel of the Divine Will But I meddle not with the Decree but shall limit my discourse to the work of Providence which I told you was Actual Providence In short the term Providence in the Notion wherein I shall speak to it signifies The daily influence of the Divine Being upon the whole Creation preserving and upholding the several Beings and faculties of all the creatures permitting directing and governing their several motions and actions to the great end of his own glory and other ends of their creation subordinated to this end So I understand by it the work of God which as our Lord saith he hitherto worketh and his son worketh contradistinct to the work of creation Creation was his work in the beginning of time this his work in the process of time beginning when Creation ceased That was the work of six days this his work ever since That gave the creature its Being this upholdeth and continueth that Being both the works of an Almighty power of Father Son and Holy-Ghost For the works of the Trinity with reference to the creature are not divided what is the work of the Father is also
the work of the Son and the work of the Holy-Ghost So that when we assert a Divine Providence extensive to the whole Creation this is that which we mean That as the blessed Trinity did at first by an Almighty power bring the worlds both Heaven and Earth and all creatures therein out of a Not-being into a Being so he doth still wisely and powerfully influence the whole creation preserving their Beings and several faculties of all his creatures and so far directeth permitteth and governeth their actions that they shall answer the ends for which he created and so qualified them especially the great end of his glory For saith Solomon he made all things for himself and for him as well as of him are all things saith the Apostle The School-men say that Gods Being is esse fixum a fixt and unalterable Being in which there can be no variableness no shadow of change his name is I AM he is the same yesterday to day and for ever But the creatures Being is esse fluxum a mutable Being we see changes and varieties every day in their Beings in their Motions the whole creation is but one great Sea in a continual flux and reflux Now as God by his Decree of Providence from eternity determined these successions varieties and motions so like a great King mighty in Counsel and wonderful in working he upholdeth them to them and he governeth them in their effects So that as the former Doctrine of creation excluded the Pagan conceits either of the worlds eternity or casual composition of it and gave God the glory of that his first and great work of creation so this is opposed to the Atheistical conceits of those who would have the created world to be either a principle to it self of its standing or preservation in the order it is or as a great Machine or Engine moving from some great wheels that move all the rest which is said to be the Peripatetick Doctrine and much suits our Judicial Astrologers or moving from any other first principle than the will command or influence of God This is a great point giving God the glory of His and his Sons hitherto working We live in a generation when Atheism aboundeth otherwise it were needless to establish so great a principle Aristotle thought he deserved to be answered with a Gallows that denied it Suffer me a little to confirm your faith in it by arguing it 1. From the Creation 2. From the Nature of the Divine Being 3. From the effects which are our daily objects of sense in the World 4. From the more sure word of Prophesie 1. That the worlds were first made by God I before shewed you Our eyes are continually exercised in the view of a vast Theater and 't is but a little of it that we behold The Heavens that are visible to us are replenished with great and vast bodies the Sun Moon and Stars in the Heavens are great Clouds containing vast quantities of water The Earth is full of multitudes of species infinite individuals of all sorts all indued with a variety of contrary faculties and qualities so are the wide Seas The Earth hangs in the midst of the air These things have lasted some thousands of years The inanimate creatures still keep their Stations The Sun is not wearied nor worn out in its course though it runs it with a strange swiftness every day The Moon is where and as it was the fixed Stars keep their abodes and the wandring Stars yet go not out of their road The Earth drops not down under us nor doth the Sea invade the Earth not a species of creatures is lost from the first Creation Individuals indeed perish but as one generation goeth another comes the species in competent numbers is preserved The creatures move and work in a subordination to the good each of others the production and being of no creature antedates the being or production of another upon which it lives Those that renew their lives with the year have their table spread before they appear The silk-worms egg quickens not but in proportion to the budding of the Mulberry Each creature knows its season when to fly from colder Countreys in which it could not endure the winter into what is warmer Creatures have a care provided for them while they are not able to provide for themselves which then as naturally leaveth them as it before wrought for them The Bee and Ant provide for the winter in short a thousand such instincts and inclinations might be insisted on Countreys that have most poysons have most antidotes few Countreys have sufficiency for themselves but must be beholden to their neighbours Take any one body but especially that of Man who is a little world in himself study but your selves and consider how many Vessels how many limbs and instruments must daily be kept clean and entire How many humours joynts and members must be kept in order to keep you alive and in any degree of health and capacity to the operations of humane life I would now fain know whence all this is Will any ascribe all this to a fate or order at first set Suppose any would say so he must needs conceive an omnipotent Divine Being at first setting the joynts of the world in such an order and surely it were as easie for him to suppose the same being upholding and preserving them in order yea and in acknowledging the former he must be forced to acknowledg the latter We see a skilful workman making a Clock or Watch consisting of many wheels and little instruments that shall have and keep their several motions 24 48 hours suppose it were two or three months suppose it were so many years yet we see at last it must not only be wound up but by daily motion the wheels and other parts though made of hardest mettals decay How is it that in so many thousand years the Sun Moon and Stars are not worn nor abated in their light That by the daily motions of mans body his instruments of motion are not sooner worn out his bones are not of Brass nor his sinews of Iron if they were less than seventy years would wear them out Will any say things are not under a fate but are left to move at their pleasure We know there are multitudes of natural Agents that move not upon election or counsel but naturally and necessarily how come these influenced For those that do move from Counsel and have a Will to guide them Let but any consider what a confusion would presently be by the wayward actions of Children and Servants in his own house if they had nothing but their own wills to guide and govern them What an heap of confusions every City or Town would make if all inhabitants were left to their own wills and government and he will easily conceive what a place of ataxy mischief and disorder the world would be if God did not daily work and rule in the midst thereof