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A28200 The essays, or councils, civil and moral, of Sir Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban with a table of the colours of good and evil, and a discourse of The wisdom of the ancients : to this edition is added The character of Queen Elizabeth, never before printed in English.; Essays. Selections Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626.; Gorges, Arthur, Sir, 1557?-1625.; Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626. Of the colours of good and evil.; Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626. Character of Queen Elizabeth.; Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626. De sapientia veterum. English. 1696 (1696) Wing B296; ESTC R15973 195,963 328

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it a Bondage to fix a Belief affecting free-will in thinking as well as in acting And though the Sects of Philosophers of that kind be gone yet there remain certain discoursing Wits which are of the same Veins though there be not so much Blood in them as was in those of the Ancients But it is not only the difficulty and labour which men take in finding out of Truth nor again that when it is found it imposeth upon Mens thoughts that doth bring Lyes in favour but a natural though corrupt Love of the Lye it self One of the later Schools of the Grecians examineth the matter and is at a stand to think what should be in it that Men should love Lyes where neither they make for pleasure as with Poets nor for Advantage as with the Merchant but for the Lyes sake But I cannot tell This same Truth is a Naked and Open day-light that doth not shew the Masks and Mummeries and Triumphs of the World half so stately and daintily as Candle-light Truth may perhaps come to the price of a Pearl that sheweth best by day but it will not rise to the price of a Diamond or Carbuncle that sheweth best in varied Lights A mixture of a Lye doth ever add pleasure Doth any man doubt that if there were taken out of Mens minds vain Opinions flattering Hopes false Valuations Imaginations as one would and the like but it would leave the minds of a number of Men poor shrunken things full of melancholy and indisposition and unpleasing to themselves One of the Fathers in great severity called Poesie Vinum Daemonum because it filleth the Imagination and yet it is but with the shadow of a Lye But it is not the Lye that passeth through the mind but the Lye that sinketh in and settleth in it that doth the hurt such as we spake of before But howsoever these things are thus in Mens depraved judgments and affections yet Truth which only doth judge it self teacheth that the enquiry of Truth which is the love-making or wooing of it the knowledge of Truth which is the presence of it and the belief of Truth which is the enjoying of it is the soveraign good of Humane Nature The first Creature of God in the works of the Days was Light of the Sense the last was the Light of Reason and his Sabbath-Work ever since is the illumination of his Spirit First he breathed light upon the face of the Matter or Chaos then he breathed light into the face of Man and still he breatheth and inspireth light into the face of his Chosen The Poet that beautified the Sect that was otherwise inferiour to the rest saith yet excellently well It is a pleasure to stand upon the shore and to see Ships tost upon the Sea a pleasure to stand in the Window of a Castle and to see a Battel and the adventure thereof below but no pleasure is comparable to the standing upon the vantage-ground of Truth an Hill not to be commanded and where the Air is always clear and serene and to see the Errors and Wandrings and Mists and Tempests in the Vale below So always that this prospect be with Pity and not with swelling or Pride Certainly it is Heaven upon Earth to have a Mans mind move in Charity rest in Providence and turn upon the Poles ●f Truth To pass from Theological and Philosophical Truth to the Truth of Civil business it will be acknowledged even by those that practise it not that clear and round dealing is the honour of Mans nature and that mixture of falshood is like allay in Coin of Gold and Silver which may make the Metal work the better but it embaseth it For these winding and crooked courses are the goings of the Serpent which goeth basely upon the Belly and not upon the feet There is no Vice that doth so cover a Man with shame as to be found false and perfidious And therefore Mountaigne saith prettily when he enquired the reason Why the word of the Lye should be such a disgrace and such an odious charge Saith he If it be well weighed To say that a Man lyeth is as much as to say that he is a Brave towards God and a Coward towards Men. For a Lye faces God and shrinks from Man Surely the wickedness and Falshood and breach of Faith cannot possibly be so highly expressed as in that it shall be the last Peal to call the Judgments of God upon the Generations of Men it being foretold that when Christ cometh He shall not find faith upon the Earth II. Of Death MEN fear Death as Children fear to go in the dark And as that natural fear in Children is encreased with Tales so is the other Certainly the contemplation of Death as the wages of sin and passage to another World is Holy and Religious but the fear of it as a tribute due unto Nature is weak Yet in religious Meditations there is sometimes a mixture of vanity and superstition You shall read in some of the Friers Books of Mortification that a Man should think with himself what the pain is if he have but his fingers end pressed or tortured and thereby imagine what the pains of Death are when the whole body is corrupted and dissolved when many times Death passeth with less pain than the torture of a Limb For the most Vital parts are not the quickest of Sense And by him that spake only as a Philosopher and natural man it was well said Pompa mortis magis terret quam Mors ipsa Groans and Convulsions and discoloured Face and Friends weeping and Blacks and Obsequies and the like shew Death terrible It is worthy the observing that there is no passion in the mind of Man so weak but it mates and masters the fear of Death and therefore Death is no such terrible Enemy when a Man hath so many attendants about him that can win the combat of him Revenge triumphs over Death Love slights it Honour aspireth to it Grief flieth to it Fear pre-occupateth it Nay we read after Otho the Emperor had slain himself Pity which is the tenderest of Affections provoked many to die out of meer compassion to their Soveraign and as the truest sort of Followers Nay Seneca adds Niceness and Satiety Cogita quandiu eadem faceres Mori velle non tantum Fortis aut Miser sed etiam Fastidiosus potest A man would die though he were neither valiant nor miserable only upon a weariness to do the same thing fo oft over and over It is no less worthy to observe how little alteration in good Spirits the approaches of Death make For they appear to be the same Men till the last instant Augustus Caesar died in a complement Livia Conjugii nostri memor vive vale Tiberius in Dissimulation as Tacitus saith of him Jam Tiberium Vires Corpus non Dissimulatio deserebant Vespasian in a jest sitting upon the stool Ut puto Deus sio Galba with a Sentence
liberal of Naturalization towards Strangers are fit for Empire For to think that an Handful of People can with the greatest Courage and Policy in the World embrace too large extent of Dominion it may hold for a time but it will fail suddenly The Spartans were a nice People in point of Naturalization whereby while they kept their compass they stood firm but when they did spread and their Boughs were become too great for their Stem they became a Wind-fall upon the sudden Never any State was in this Point so open to receive Strangers into their Body as were the Romans therefore it sorted with them accordingly for they grew to the greatest Monarchy Their manner was to grant Naturalization which they called Jus Civitatis and to grant it in the highest Degree that is not only Jus Commercii Jus Connubii Jus Haereditatis but also Jus suffragii and Jus Honorum And this not to singular Persons alone but likewise to whole Families yea to Cities and sometimes to Nations Add to this their Custom of Plantation of Colonies whereby the Roman Plant was removed into the Soyl of other Nations and putting both Constitutions together you will say that it was not the Romans that spread upon the World but it was the World that spread upon the Romans and that was the sure Way of Greatness I have marvelled sometimes at Spain how they clasp and contain so large Dominions with so few natural Spaniards but sure the whole Compass of Spain is a very great Body of a Tree far above Rome and Sparta at the first and besides though they have not had that usage to Naturalize liberally yet they have that which is next to it that is To employ almost indifferently all Nations in their Militia of ordinary Soldiers yea and sometimes in their Highest Commands Nay it seemeth at this instant they are sensible of this want of Natives as by the Pragmatical Sanction now published appeareth It is certain that Sedentary and Within-door Arts and delicate Manufactures that require rather the Finger than the Arm have in their Nature a Contrariety to a Military disposition And generally all Warlike People are a little idle and love Danger better than Travel neither must they be too much broken of it if they shall be preserved in vigour Therefore it was great Advantage in the Ancient States of Sparta Athens Rome and others that they had the use of Slaves which commonly did rid those Manufactures but that is abolished in greatest part by the Christian Law That which cometh nearest to it is to leave those Arts chiefly to Strangers which for that purpose are the more easily to be received and to contain the principal Bulk of the vulgar Natives within those three kinds Tillers of the Ground Free Servants and Handicrafts Men of strong and manly Arts as Smiths Masons Carpenters c. not rekoning professed Soldiers But above all for Empire and Greatness it importeth most that a Nation do profess Arms as their principal Honour Study and Occupation for the things which we formerly have spoken of are but Habilitations towards Arms and what is Habilitation without Intention and Act Romulus after his death as they report or feign sent a present to the Romans that above all they should intend Arms and then they should prove the greatest Empire of the world The fabrick of the State of Sparta was wholly though not wisely framed and composed to that Scope and End The Persians and Macedonians had it for a flash The Galls Germans Goths Saxons Normans and others had it for a time The Turks have it at this day though in great Declination Of Christian Europe they that have it are in effect only the Spaniards But it is so plain That every Man profiteth in that he most intendeth that it needeth not to be stood upon It is enough to point at it that no Nation which doth not directly profess Arms may look to have Greatness fall into their mouths And on the other side it is a most certain Oracle of Time that those States that continue long in that profession as the Romans and Turks principally have done do wonders and those that have professed Arms but for an Age have notwithstanding commonly attained that Greatness in that Age which maintained them long after when their Profession and exercise of Arms are grown to decay Incident to this Point is for a State to have those Laws or Customs which may reach forth unto them just Occasions as may be pretended of War for there is that justice imprinted in the Nature of Men that they enter not upon Wars whereof so many Calamities do ensue but upon some or at least specious Grounds and Quarrels The Turk hath at hand for cause of War the Propagation of his Law or Sect a Quarrel that he may always command The Romans though they esteemed the extending the Limits of their Empire to be great Honour to their Generals when it was done yet they never rested upon that alone to begin a War First therefore let Nations that pretend to Greatness have this that they be sensible of wrongs either upon Borders Merchants or Politick Ministers and that they sit not too long upon a Provocation Secondly let them be prest and ready to give Aids and Succours to their Confederates as it ever was with the Romans Insomuch as if the Confederate had Leagues defensive with divers others States and upon Invasion offered did deplore their Aids severally yet the Romans would ever be the foremost and leave it to none other to have the Honour As for the Wars which were anciently made on the behalf of a kind of Party or tacit Conformity of Estate I do not well say how they may be well justified As when the Romans made a War for the Liberty of Graecia or when the La●edaemonians and Athenians made Wars to set up or pull down Democracies and Oligarchies or when Wars were made by Foreigners under the pretence of Justice or Protection to deliver the Subjects of others from Tyranny and Oppression and the like Let it suffice That no Estate expect to be Great that is not awake upon any just Occasion of Arming No Body can be Healthful without Exercise Neither Natural Body nor Politick and certainly to a Kingdom or Estate a just and Honourable War is the true Exercise A Civil War indeed is like the Heat of a Fever but a Foreign War is like the Heat of Exercise and serveth to keep the Body in health for in a slothful Peace both Courages will effeminate and Manners corrupt But howsoever it be for Happiness without all Question for Greatness it maketh to be still for the most part in Arms and the strength of a Veterane Army though it be a chargeable Business always on Foot is that which commonly giveth the Law or at least the Reputation amongst all Neighbour-States as may well be seen in Spain which hath had in one part or other a Veterane