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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35233	The general history of earthquakes being an account of the most remarkable and tremendous earthquakes that have happened in divers parts of the world, from the creation to this time, as they are recorded by sacred and common authors, and perticularly those lately in Naples, Smyrna, Jamaica and Sicily : with a description of the famous burning mount, Ætna, in that island, and relation of the several dreadful conflagrations and fiery irruptions thereof for many ages : likewise the natural and material causes of earthquakes, with the usual signs and prognosticks of their approach, and the consequents and effects that have followed several of them / by R.B.	R. B., 1632?-1725?	1694 (1694)	Wing C7328; ESTC R40369	98,213	196

these prodigious effects that were produced upon our Saviour's Crucifixion were acknowledged and attested as well by Heathens as Christians At the time of his Death a very great darkness happened in the Day time which continued from six a Clock till nine and yet there was no Ecclipse of the Sun for it was at a Full Mood so that it was Miraculous and contrary to the Order of Nature and only by the immediate Power of God who deprived the Sun of its Light for that space of time And therefore Dyonisius the Arcopagite being that Day in Athens and seeing the Sun so darkned and also knowing as a Man learned in the course of the Heavens that such an Ecclipse must needs be contrary to the Rule of Nature spake with a loud voice saying Either the World is at an end or the God of Nature Suffers We like wise read of another Supernatural Earthquake at the Resurrection of Christ St. Matthew 28. In the end of the Sabbath as it began to dawn toward the first day of the Week came Mary Magdalen and the other Mary to see the Sepulchre And behold there was a great Earthquake for the Angel of the Descended from Heaven and came and rolled back the Stone from the Door and sate upon it His countenance was like Lightning and his Raiment white as Snow And for fear of him the Keepers did shake and became as dead men This was in the year of the World 4036. XIV Lastly We read of two Earthquakes in the Acts of the Apostles which can be attributed to no other cause but that of the Power of God for the confirmation of the Gospel and the Resurrection of his Son Jesus Christ our Lord. The first is in Acts 4.31 And when they had prayed the Earth was shaken where the Apostles were assembled together and they were all filled with the Holy Ghost and they spake the Word of God with boldness The second is in Acts 17. And at Midnight Paul and Silas Prayed and Sang Praises to God and the Prisoners heard them And suddenly there was a great Earthquake so that the Foundations of the Prison were shaken and immediately all the Doors were opened and every ones Bands were losed And the Keeper of the Prison awaking out of his sleep and seeing the Prison Doors open he drew out his Sword and would have Killed himself supposing that the Prisoners had been fled But Paul cried with a loud voice saying Do thy self no harm for we are all here Then he called for a Light and sprang in and came trembling and fell down before Paul and Silas And brought them out and said Sirs what must I do to be saved and they said believe on the Lord Jesus and thou shalt be saved and thy House And they spake unto him the word of the Lord and to all that were in his House And he took them the same hour in the Night and washed their stripes and was baptized he and all his straightway And when he had brought them into his House he set meat before them and rejoiced believing in God with all his House This was in the 55 year after our Saviours Incarnation XV. These are all the Earthquakes that we find mentioned in Holy Scripture to have actually happened but there are others spoken of which may be termed Metaphorical Earthquakes and may signify great Alterations and Commotions in the several States and Kingdoms of the World wherein by the shaking moving removing breaking down and dissolving the Earth we may understand the Inhabitants of the Earth and the punishments that God would inflict upon them for their repeated Sins and Provocations such as these we find Isaiah threatning the Narion of the Jews withal in the 29th Chapter of that Prophecy Thou shalt be visited of the Lord of Hosts with Thunder and with Earthquakes and great noise with Storm and Tempest and the flame of devouring Fire And in Chapter 24. And it shall come to pass that he who fleeth from the noise of the fear shall fall into the Pit and he that cometh out of the midst of the Pit shall be taken in the snare for the Windows from on high are open and the Foundations of the Earth do shake The Earth is is utterly broken down the Earth is clean dissolved the Earth is moved exceedingly The Earth shall real too and fro like a Drunkard and shall be removed like a Cottage and the transgression thereof shall be heavy upon it and shall fall and not rise again XVI And our blessed Saviour foretelling the destruction of the Temple and what great Earthquakes shall be before it and of the Signs of his coming to Judgment St. Mat. 24. he says And ye shall hear of Wars and Rumours of Wars For Nation shall rise against Nation and Kingdom against Kingdom and there shall be Famines and Pestilences and Earthquakes in divers places and the Sun shall be darkned and the Moon shall not give her Light and the Stars shall fall from Heaven and the Powers of the Heavens shall be shaken And then shall appear the Sign of the Son of Man and he shall send his Angels with a great sound of a Trumpet and they shall gather together his Elect from the four Winds from one end of Heaven to the other XVII Such Metaphorical Earthquakes are those thought to be which are Prophesied of in several places of the Revelations as Chapter 6. And I beheld when the Lamb had opened the sixth Seal and lo there was a great Earthquake and the Sun became black as Sack-cloth of Hair and the Moon became as Blood And the Stars of Heaven fell unto the Earth even as the Fig-tree casteth her untimely Figs when she is shaken of a mighty Wind. And the Heaven departed as a Scrowl when it is rolled together and every Mountain and Island were moved out of their places And the Kings of the Earth and the great men and the rich men and the chief Captains and the mighty Men and every Bondman and every Freeman hid themselves in the Dens and in the Rocks of the Mountains And said to the Mountains and Rocks Fall on us and hide us from the Face of him that sitteth on the Throne and from the Wrath of the Lamb For the great day of his Wrath is come and who shall be able to stand So in Chapter 8. And the Angel took the Censer and filled it with Fire of the Altar and cast it into the Earth and there were Voices and Thundrings and Lightnings and an Earthquake And again in Chapter 11. And they heard a great Voice from Heaven saying unto the Witnesses Come up hither and they ascended up to Heaven in a Cloud and their Enemies beheld them And the seventh Angel sounded and there were great Voices in Heaven saying The Kingdoms of this World are become the Kingdoms of our Lord and of his Christ and he shall Reign forever and ever And the four and twenty Elders which sate before

and behold every mans Swords was against his fellow and there was a great discomfiture Moreover the Hebrews that were with the Philistines before that time which went up with them into the Camp from the Countrey round about even they also turned to be with the Israelites that were with Saul and Jonathan Likewise all the men of Israel which had hid themselves in Mount Ephraim when they heard that the Philistines fled even they also followed hard after them in the Battel So the Lord saved Israel that day and the Battel passed over unto Beth-haven This was about the year of the World 2940. And Josephus thus describes this Battel The Philistines had pitched their Tents on an pointed Rock which extended it self in length with three Angles and was on each side begirt with a Bank like a Wall or Fortification against the incursion of their Enemies The place was fortified by Nature so that no man might ascend or attack them without much hazard yet only Jonathan and his Armour-bearer climbing upon their Hands and Feet invaded their Camp and slew about twenty of them which filled their whole Army with terror and amazedness who throwing away their arms fled amain Others being ignorant who were their Friends or Foes invaded one another as Enemies for imagining with themselves that only two Hebrews durst never ascend and enter their Camp they addrest themselves to their mutual murder and slaughter so that some of them were slain others fled to escape the Sword and fell headlong down the Rocks The terrible trembling and quaking of the Earth at the same time being doubtless very contributary to their destruction XII A fourth terrible Earthquake happened from an immediate Divine Power in the days of Uzziah King of Judah of whom we read in the 2 Chronicles 26. and this Earthquake is likewise mentioned by the Prophets Amos and Zachariah And Uzziah did that which was right in the sight of the Lord. And he sought God in the days of Zechariah who had Understanding in the Visions of God and as long as he sought the Lord God made him to prosper And he went forth and Warred against the Philistines and God helped him against them and against the Arabians and the Ammorites gave him gifts and his name spread abroad even to the entring in of Egypt for he strengthned himself exceedingly Moreover Uzziah had an Host of fighting men and the whole number of the Fathers of the mighty men of valour were two thousand and six hundred And under their hand was an Army three hundred thousand and seven thousand and five hundred that made War with mighty power to help the King against the Enemy But when he was strong his heart was lifted up to his destruction for he transgressed against the Lord his God and and went into the Temple of the Lord to burn Incense upon the Altar of Incense And Azariah the Priest went in after him and with him fourscore Priests of the Lord that were valiant men and they withstood Uzziah the King and said unto him It appertaineth not unto thee Vzziah to burn Incense unto the Lord but to the Priests the Sons of Aaron that are consecrated to burn Incense Go out of the Sanctuary for thou hast trespassed neither shall it be for thine honour from the Lord God Then Uzziah was wrath and had a Censer in his hand to burn Incense and while he was wrath with the Priests the Leprosie even rose up in his Forehead before the Priests in the House of the Lord from beside the Incense Altar And Azariah the Cheif Priest and all the Priests looked upon him and behold he was Leprous in his Forehead and they thrust him out from thence yea he himself hasted also to go out because the Lord had smitten him And Uzziah the King was a Leper unto the Day of his Death Now though here is no mention made of the Earthquake that happened in his Reign which is recorded by Amos and Zachariah as aforesaid particularly by the last in Chapter 14. And ye shall flee like as ye fled before the Earthquake in the days of Uzziah yet Josephus in his History of the Jews makes it very evident that it was at this time and upon this occasion Uzziah says he upon a certain solemn Feast day wherein all the People were assembled together attired himself in the High Priests Vestmente and entred into the Temple to offer Sacrifice unto God upon the Golden Altar notwithstanding the High Priest Azariah accompanied with fourscore Priests prohibited the same telling him that it was not lawful for him to Sacrifice since it was only allowed to those that were of the Posterity of the High Priest Aaron whilst after this manner Azariah expostulated with him commanding him to go out of the Temple and not to invade the Ordinances of God The King waxed wrath and threatned to take his life from him unless he kept himself quiet Whereupon there fell a great Trembling and Earthquake and the Temple cleft in twain and a great light of the Sun entred thereinto and reflected on the Kings Face in such manner that all his body was covered with a Leprosy And before the City in a place called Eroge the half of a Mountain that stood to the Eastward brake and fell and rolled and removed for the space of four Furlongs toward the Oriental Mountain where it rested So that the publick ways were stopt and choaked up and the Kings Gardens of Pleasure were wholly ruinated and disfigured When the Priests beheld the Kings Face covered with a Leprosie they told him what inconvenience had happened to him and enjoyned him to depart out of the City according to the custom of men that were polluted Whereupon he wholly confused at so grievous an accident and having no farther courage to reply obeyed the commandment that was given him enduring a pittiful and lamentable punishment for being proud and presumptuous in committing such Impiety against God Finally he died through grief and discontent and was Buried in his own Garden In the year of the World 3194. XIII The next Earthquake that we read of is that which happened at the death of our blessed Lord and Saviour and was a very convincing demonstration of his Deity and that he was the Son of God As we find in St. Matthew 27. Now from the sixth hour there was Darkness over all the Land until the ninth hour Jesus when he had cried again gave up the Ghost And behold the Vail of the Temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom and the Earth did quake and the Rocks rent And the Graves were opened and many Bodies of Saints which slept arose And came out of the Graves after his Resurrection and went into the Holy City and appeared unto many Now when the Centurion and they that were with him watching Jesus saw the Earthquake and those things that were done they feared greatly saying Truly this was the Son of God And

the last Sermon he preached in the Church he plainly represented to them the danger of their impenitence and wickedness with so much zeal and earnestness that many now confessed It was more like a Prophecy than a Sermon He says he had many times before an impulse upon his Spirit to Preach those things which he never premeditated at home and could not he thought do otherwise The morning of this dreadful day was very fair and clear affording no suspicion of the least evil but in the space of three minutes about half an hour after eleven in the morning Port-Royal the fairest Town of all the English Plantations the best Emporium and Mart of that part of the World exceeding in its riches plentiful of all good things was shaken and shattered to pieces and sunk into and covered for the greatest part by the Sea Few of the Houses that stood were left whole So that by their falling the opening of the Earth and the Inundation of the Waters it is reckoned there were lost fifteen hundred Persons The Sunday after the Minister Preached to them in a Tent not daring to venture among the shattered Houses the People were overjoyed to see him among them and wept bitterly when he Preached to them It was a sad sight to see all that Harbour one of the fairest and goodliest in America covered with the dead bodies of People of all conditions floating up and down without burial for the great and famous Burial-place called the Pallisadoes was destroyed by the Earthquake and the Sea washed the Carcasses of those that were buried out of their Graves their Tombs being dashed to pieces by the Earthquake of which there were hundreds in that place Multitudes of Rich men were utterly ruined whilst many that were poor by watching opportunities and searching the wrack'd and sunk Houses even almost while the Earthquake lasted and terror and amazement was upon all the considerable People have gotten great riches From St. Anns there was news that above a thousand Acres of Wood-land were turned into the Sea and carried with it whole Plantations but no place suffered like Port-Royal where whole streets were swallowed up by the opening of the Earth and the Houses and Inhabitants went down together Some of them were driven up again by the Sea which arose in those breaches and wonderfully escaped Some were swallowed up to the neck and then the Earth shut upon them and squeezed them to death and in that manner several were left buried with their heads above ground only some Heads the Dogs had eaten Others were covered with dust and Earth by the remaining People to avoid the stench Great bellowing and noises were heard sometime after in the Mountains which made them apprehensive of an Eruption of Fire but thanks be to God no ill Event hath yet succeeded By a second Letter from another worthy Divine and a Minister of the parish of Vere in that Island some Leagues from Port-Royal we have this further Relation of that tremendous Judgment Dated June 30. 1692. On Tuesday June 7. about 11. in the morning it pleased the Just God to visit us with a terrible Earthquake which continued with much violence and terror for about a quarter of an hour as most say but in my opinion not above 6. or 7. minutes in which time it overthrew all the Brick and Stone Buildings in the Countrey whereof several in my own Parish which now are either levelled with the ground or standing Monuments of the wrath of God so shattered and torn that they are irreparable while these were tumbling the Earth opened in my Parish in multitudes of places and though their dire Chasms spewed out Water to a considerable height above ground in such quantities in some places that it made our Gullies run on a sudden though before exceeding dry insomuch that some were afraid of being overwhelmed at once by the River and Sea joyning together to swallow up the Countrey these gaping mouths being no less than 12 20. or more foot deep under the Earth and above two miles up in the Countrey especially nigh the River in the purest mould which had not Clay nor other consolidating Matter beneath to oppose the force of the Fountains of the Deep breaking up for where that was we do not find any cracks of the Earth at all And yet it pleased God that we in this Parish have escaped the danger much better than our Neighbour Parishes for happening to content our selves with mean and low-built Houses generally of Timber and Boarded or with Cratches set deep in the ground and plaistred such Houses are generally standing So that we have means to assist one another whilst in other parts hundreds of Souls are cast out of their dwellings and have not a place to hide their Heads in except in Booths and Tents which they have since built to shade themselves from the Sun Our noted Town of St. John de la Vega Or The Spanish Town is utterly down to the ground and its Church devoured in the same Ruins Our Magazine and only Store-House of Port-Royal is three parts swallowed up in the Sea Ships and Shallops now riding at Anchor where great numbers of fine Fabricks stood not long since Many eminent Merchants worth thousands have scarce any thing left but the blue Linnen on their backs several are dead either overwhelmed with their Houses or drowned in the Sea which flowed in suddenly upon them For while they fled from the Sea the Earth devoured them in her gaping Jaws or they were killed with the falling Houses and while they fled from the gaping Chasms of the Earth or the tottering buildings the Sea met and swept them away A whole Street called the Wharf where most of the noted Merchants lived and where much of the Planters goods were landed for convenience of Sale and Shipping particularly Sugar and Cotten sunk at once from one end to the other with a general crack at the very begining of the Ear thquake together with two Forts Guns c. thereon and all that were upon or nigh it perished in an instant without warning and soon after while the People were in the greatest horror and consternation imaginable not knowing whither to fly for safety two or three more Streets in their whole length rottered and fell and were immediately funk ground and all together deep into the Sea as far as the Jews Street All the Upper part of the Town with the Church and all above the Pallisadoes is under Water even the very Pallisadoes it self where their burying place was is now no longer Earth but Sea and the dead Corps floated from thence to all parts of the Harbour The Houses that yet remain are many of them so rent and torn and others so deeply sunk into the Water even up to their Balconies that they are unserviceable The Wall at the Pallisadoes is utterly ruin'd with the Port thereto belonging and though Morgans Line and Walkers Fort yet stand they

time our Fleet which was set out on purpose persuing theirs we took one Shallop and made them desperately blow up their great Ship such as were saved remaining our Prisoners and others fled home to give an Account of their overthrow To conclude God in his Displeasure remembred Mercy for though such Numbers perisht at Port-Royal where they were thronged together in an Isthmus of Land yet I cannot hear of fifty Persons both Whites and Blacks that were lost beside throughout all the Island Other Letters add these particulars That this terrible Earthquake came from the North and attacked Port-Royal on the Harbour side on which was the Wharf the whole length of the place where stood the Kings House a Bastion of 207. Guns Carlile Battery of 119. Guns and the Houses of the greatest Merchants All those Sunk down in a moment from three to five fathom of Water Some were sunk in their Houses others buried in the Rubbish some who were got into clear Water and could Swim were carried away with drifts of Timber and tops of Houses driven by a steering carreer and there perished Nothing else was seen but the Dead and Dying nothing heard but Shrieks and Cries the Living were covered with Wounds Bruises and Blood The Thunder Roared over their Heads the Earth Trembled under their Feet the Rocks and Mountains were rent in sunder and Fire-bals fell by day and night from Heaven so that the most hardened Atheists might have considered that there was a God who Governed the World In short says my Author it is impossible for Tongue to speak or Pen to write the Sorrows and Terrors of that day of which I my self who escaped to a Miracle was an Eye-witness Because some may be desirous to know the Names of those that perished in this terrible Calamity I thought fit to give an Account of them who were of most note though doubtless great numbers were lost of which no publick notice has been given Attorney General Musgrove Provost Marshal Reeves Captain Ruden who with his Wife and Family with several others in it sunk first into the Earth Captain Agar Dr. Boy Capt. Waile Capt. Warder and his Family Mr. Nushall and his Family Mr. Crosts Family Mr. Alcoks Family Capt Wilison and his Son Dr. Trapham a Phisician by hanging by hands upon the Rack of a Chimney and one of his Children hanging about his Neck were both miraculously saved in a Boat but his Wife with the rest of his Children and Family were all lost so was Mrs. Robinson Mrs. Gifford Mrs. Enllers Mr. Fyrme Mr. Brown Mr. Stephens Mr. Reeves and his wife Mr. Pryer Mr. Lambspert Mr. Atwell Mrs. Radburn and her Family Mr. Ryvers and his Family Mrs. Eeylin and her Child Mrs. Elizabeth Beckford Sir Jame Cos●ybyes Daughter Mrs. Dowingtons Child Capt. Cunnings Capt. Tokely Capt. Martin Capt. Woody Mr. Nash Mr. Meares Mr. George Philips Mr. Norbery's Wife Mr. Jonanathan Wood Mrs. Corbet Collonel Read Collonel Reeves's Lady Mr. Magirah Mr. Joys Child Mr. Diggins Cap. Watson Mr. Stockton and Family Mr. Ralph Knights Widdow and Neice Mrs. Sweeting Mrs. Susanna Cdrson Mr. Keene Mr. Hellinwood and Family Mr. John Lake and Wife Mr. John Perks Wife and Child Mr. Hayward and Family Mr. Dean Mr. William Turner Mr. Watts and Mr. Beckfords two Daughters LXV In the same year 1692. Sept. 8. an Earthquake was felt in London and in several parts of Essex Kent Sussex Hampshire c. as Sheerness Sandwick Deal Maidstone Porismouth c. the People leaving their houses in many places least they should fall on their heads but it lasted only a minute It shook Leeds Castle in Yorkshire so violently that all in the Castle even the Lady her self went out of it and expected its falling A Person being in the Field hard by the ground shook so under him that he could not stand and being forced to lye down on the Ground was so tossed up and down that he received several bruises At Maidstone in Kent the people generally got out of their houses fearing they would fall It happened at London about four minutes past two and was felt in most part of the Durch and Spanish Netherlands as also in Germany France c. The account from Holland runs thus On Sept. 8. between two or three a Clock in the Afternoon all Holland was sensible of a trembling of the Earth which lasted about three minutes The shog or joiting which it caused three times one after another was not violent for it did no damage but it was plainly perceptible and very much alarm'd the People At Middleburg in Zealand it continued for some time and caused the Earth to move so much that the people was forced to hold by what was next in the Street and it was feared that the Steeple of the great Church by its motions would have fallen it causing the Bells both there and at the Hague to jahgle and the Ships at Sea were sensible of it The Gazaet relates that our Gracious Sovereign King Willium being encamped at Grammen in Flanders at the same time there happened an Earthquake which lasted near a minute and was very sensible to the whole Camp The King was then at Dinner in an old decayed House which shaking very much and every one apprehending it was ready to fall His Majesty was prevailed with to rise from Table to go out of the House but the surprize was soon over An ingenious Gentleman has made observation that this Earthquake affected places most on the Seacosts and near great Rivers which seems to favour the opinion of another learned Person That Water and not Wind is the cause of Earthquakes which the Ancient Philosophers did also assert And therefore saith he the excessive Rains which fell that Summer in far greater quantity than what the Earth could possibly receive being shut up in the hollow Caverns and Bowels of the Earth and striving to get out again may have caused these Universal shivering Fits in our European parts and there is this Argument to corroborate this Conjecture for that very great Earthquakes indeed are many times attended with violent Inundations the Rivers being swell'd with the Water which the Earth has let out Another odd accident that followed this Earthquake was the effect it had upon the Spa Waters in Germany which are so famour and so wholesom and are now become much more improved since that happened Spa is a Burrough in the Countrey of Liege where there are several Mineral Fountains to which a great number of people resort at all seasons of the Year Among all the Springs belonging to that noted Burrough that in the middle out of which the Bottles are fill'd that are sent over all Europe every year is changed after a very extraordinary manner The source of it is as big again as it was and the Water which before was seldom clear is become extreamly Limpid and is of that strength that the Bottles if they be stopt immediately after they