and_o ptolemy_n doâ—…_n evince_n the_o contrary_n the_o indian_n and_o jew_n subtract_v the_o 110._o part_n of_o a_o day_n albategnius_n the_o 600._o part_n the_o persian_n the_o 115._o part_n according_a to_o who_o account_n messahalah_n and_o albumasar_n write_v the_o table_n of_o the_o mean_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n azaphius_fw-la avarius_fw-la and_o arzachel_n affirm_v that_o the_o quantity_n assign_v be_v too_o mcch_n by_o the_o 126._o part_n of_o a_o day_n alphonsus_n abate_v the_o 122._o part_n of_o a_o day_n some_o other_o the_o 128._o and_o some_o the_o 130._o part_n of_o a_o day_n those_o that_o be_v late_o employ_v in_o the_o restitution_n of_o the_o roman_a calendar_n will_v have_v almost_o the_o 133._o part_n of_o 1._o day_n to_o be_v substract_v which_o they_o conceive_v in_o 400._o year_n will_v come_v to_o three_o whole_a day_n but_o copernicus_n observe_v that_o this_o quantity_n fall_v short_a by_o the_o 115._o part_n of_o a_o day_n most_o true_a therefore_o be_v that_o conclusion_n of_o censorinus_n that_o a_o year_n consist_v of_o 365._o day_n and_o i_o know_v not_o what_o certain_a portion_n not_o yet_o discover_v by_o astrologer_n by_o these_o divers_a opinion_n here_o allege_v be_v manifest_o discover_v the_o error_n of_o dion_n which_o be_v indeed_o a_o very_a ridiculous_a one_o for_o he_o have_v a_o conceit_n that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 1461._o julian_n year_n there_o will_v be_v want_v a_o whole_a day_n for_o the_o just_a measure_n of_o a_o year_n which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v intercale_v and_o so_o the_o civil_a julian_n year_n will_v accurate_o agree_v with_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o galen_n also_o the_o prince_n of_o physician_n be_v gross_o deceive_v when_o he_o think_v that_o the_o year_n consist_v of_o 365_o day_n 6._o hour_n and_o beside_o almost_o the_o 100_o part_n of_o a_o day_n so_o that_o at_o every_o hundred_o year_n end_n there_o must_v be_v a_o new_a intercalation_n of_o a_o whole_a day_n now_o because_o the_o julian_n year_n which_o be_v institute_v by_o julius_n caesar_n and_o afterward_o receive_v and_o be_v still_o in_o 〈◊〉_d be_v somewhat_o long_o than_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v henâ—…e_v it_o be_v that_o the_o aequinox_n and_o solstice_n have_v get_v before_o their_o ancient_a situation_n in_o the_o calendar_n solstice_n for_o about_o 432._o year_n before_o the_o incaâ—…nation_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n the_o vernal_a aequinoxe_n be_v observe_v by_o meton_n and_o euctâ—…mon_n to_o fall_v on_o the_o eight_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o april_n which_o be_v the_o 25._o of_o march_n according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o the_o julian_n year_n in_o the_o year_n 146._o besore_n christ_n it_o appear_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o hipparchus_n that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v place_v on_o the_o 24._o of_o the_o same_o month_n that_o be_v the_o 9_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o april_n so_o that_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o error_n of_o sosigenes_n 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of_o nice_a about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 328._o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v on_o the_o 21._o of_o march_n or_o the_o 12._o of_o the_o calends_o of_o april_n in_o the_o year_n 831._o thebit_fw-la ben_n chorah_n observe_v the_o vernal_a aequinoxe_n to_o fall_v on_o the_o 17._o day_n of_o march_n in_o alfraganus_n his_o time_n it_o come_v to_o the_o 16._o of_o march_n arzachel_n a_o spaniard_n in_o the_o year_n 1090._o observe_v to_o fall_v on_o the_o ides_n of_o march_n that_o be_v the_o 15._o day_n in_o the_o year_n 1316._o it_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v on_o the_o 13._o day_n of_o march._n and_o in_o in_o our_o time_n it_o be_v come_v to_o â—…he_v 11._o and_o 10._o of_o the_o same_o month_n so_o that_o in_o â—…he_a space_n of_o 1020._o yeaâ—…s_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n be_v get_v forward_o no_o less_o than_o 14._o day_n the_o time_n of_o the_o solstice_n also_o about_o 388._o year_n before_o christ_n be_v observe_v by_o meton_n and_o euctemon_n to_o 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cause_v the_o great_a change_n of_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n of_o which_o point_n two_o be_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la at_o aries_n and_o libra_n determine_v the_o place_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a colour_n and_o capricorn_n which_o constitute_v the_o solsticiall_a colour_n second_o to_o distinguish_v the_o aequator_fw-la zodiac_n and_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n into_o four_o equal_a part_n the_o use_n of_o which_o be_v principal_o see_v in_o examine_v the_o ascension_n of_o the_o sign_n these_o colour_n differ_v from_o each_o other_o in_o that_o the_o solsticiall_a colour_n pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o also_o of_o the_o zodiac_n but_o the_o equinoctial_a colour_n pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n only_o now_o that_o both_o the_o colour_n as_o also_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n have_v leave_v the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v ancient_o sound_a to_o be_v in_o the_o heaven_n be_v a_o matter_n agree_v upon_o by_o all_o 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arbitrator_n which_o epistle_n of_o he_o be_v afterward_o print_v among_o some_o other_o of_o his_o epistle_n at_o paris_n what_o the_o illustrious_a tycho_n also_o think_v concern_v this_o point_n you_o have_v in_o his_o progymâ—…asmata_fw-la instaur_n astron._n p._n 255._o but_o i_o will_v first_o set_v down_o scaliger_n opinion_n and_o afterward_o add_v tychoe_n and_o some_o other_o also_o scaliger_n speak_v thus_o alterae_fw-la literaetuae_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o receive_v say_v he_o â—…eur_n second_o letter_n the_o next_o day_n aster_n your_o former_a in_o which_o you_o make_v mention_n of_o one_o that_o undertake_v â—…o_o discourse_n of_o the_o magnetical_a direction_n of_o the_o needle_n many_o indeed_o have_v endeavour_v in_o this_o matter_n and_o doc_fw-fr daily_a endeavour_n be_v thereto_o encourage_v by_o the_o reward_v propose_v by_o the_o illustrious_a state_n to_o who_o hand_n some_o have_v deliver_v
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it_o with_o scorn_n and_o laughter_n hipparchus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o bring_v in_o that_o merry_a conceit_n of_o the_o eight_o sphere_n move_a towards_o thâ—…_n east_n and_o so_o persuade_v ptolemy_n that_o the_o fixâ—…d_a star_n in_o the_o eight_o sphere_n move_v all_o in_o the_o same_o order_n situation_n and_o distance_n from_o each_o other_o towards_o the_o east_n which_o ptolemy_n so_o confirm_v that_o it_o have_v be_v a_o heinous_a matter_n for_o posterity_n to_o have_v doubt_v of_o the_o same_o and_o first_o of_o all_o within_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o father_n nicolaus_n copernicus_n that_o great_a restorer_n of_o astronomy_n perceive_v the_o weakness_n of_o this_o conceit_n of_o hipparchus_n and_o withal_o observe_v that_o the_o eight_o sphere_n do_v not_o move_v towards_o the_o east_n but_o that_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n go_v forward_o inâ—…o_o the_o precedent_a sign_n and_o this_o he_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o this_o observation_n of_o he_o he_o 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since_o eudoxus_n his_o time_n therefore_o the_o other_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v the_o equinoctial_a point_n therefore_o have_v go_v forward_o to_o the_o antâ—…cedent_a sign_n which_o proposition_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a copernicus_n have_v no_o way_n to_o demonstrate_v 〈◊〉_d out_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n by_o which_o that_o other_o motion_n may_v as_o well_o be_v defend_v as_o â—…his_n we_o therefore_o now_o have_v this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o what_o be_v it_o even_o nothing_o else_o bâ—…_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n into_o the_o precedent_a sign_n now_o if_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n beâ—…_n movable_a and_o the_o equinoctial_a câ—…cle_n bâ—…e_v deâ—…cribed_v by_o these_o point_n the_o equinoctial_a circle_n â—…hen_o must_v needs_o be_v movable_a also_o which_o be_v as_o true_a as_o truth_n itself_o and_o if_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n be_v movable_a his_o pole_n must_v be_v movable_a also_o and_o so_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a must_v be_v divers_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n for_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n be_v immovable_a but_o this_o movable_a beside_o all_o the_o meridian_n circle_n do_v pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o stone_n diall_n the_o meridian_n line_n which_o be_v draw_v for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n dial_n be_v understand_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o be_v confess_v by_o all_o man_n and_o be_v most_o true_a but_o because_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v movable_a the_o meridian_n line_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o same_o must_v be_v movable_a also_o and_o therefore_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o after_o some_o certain_a number_n of_o year_n there_o will_v be_v no_o further_o use_v of_o these_o meridian_n line_n in_o the_o design_v of_o the_o hour_n in_o diall_n but_o a_o new_a meridian_n line_n must_v be_v take_v and_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o dial_n alter_v though_o not_o the_o dial_n itself_o we_o may_v therefore_o conclude_v that_o the_o sun_n diall_n after_o some_o certain_a time_n will_v prove_v false_a unless_o the_o meridian_n line_n be_v rectify_v this_o be_v demonstrate_v of_o the_o very_a principle_n of_o the_o mathematitck_n but_o beside_o this_o we_o have_v some_o notable_a instance_n out_o of_o the_o ancient_n which_o do_v manefest_o evince_v that_o after_o some_o term_n of_o year_n sun_n diall_n do_v not_o agree_v to_o their_o first_o designation_n all_o which_o i_o have_v diligent_o collect_v these_o thing_n thus_o demonstrate_v i_o propose_v they_o to_o these_o mathematician_n that_o because_o the_o whole_a business_n of_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n have_v dependence_n upon_o these_o meridian_n they_o will_v consider_v whether_o or_o no_o this_o doctrine_n by_o i_o first_o propose_v may_v open_v the_o way_n to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n etc._n etc._n thus_o far_o scaliger_n let_v we_o now_o hear_v tycho_n inaequalitatis_fw-la inquit_fw-la circa_fw-la motum_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o the_o reason_n say_v he_o of_o the_o inaequality_n observe_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n or_o as_o copernicus_n call_v it_o the_o anticipation_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n which_o be_v a_o very_a subtle_a and_o ingenious_a speculation_n of_o his_o own_o that_o so_o he_o may_v reconcile_v and_o maintain_v the_o invention_n of_o all_o that_o go_v before_o he_o that_o this_o conceit_n i_o say_v do_v not_o constare_fw-la sibi_fw-la these_o 70._o year_n observation_n of_o the_o star_n call_v spica_fw-la virgin_n since_o his_o first_o observe_v the_o same_o do_v manifest_o prove_v for_o in_o this_o space_n of_o time_n the_o reciprocation_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n or_o promotion_n of_o the_o star_n be_v swift_a by_o much_o than_o he_o conceive_v it_o will_v have_v be_v so_o that_o whereas_o now_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v finish_v but_o one_o degree_n in_o a_o hundred_o year_n space_n or_o thereabouts_o they_o finish_v the_o same_o in_o 70._o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o year_n be_v not_o so_o slow_a as_o he_o imagine_v it_o to_o be_v as_o appear_v plain_o by_o that_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n for_o these_o two_o thing_n do_v mutual_o cohere_v together_o in_o copernicus_n that_o when_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o year_n be_v great_a the_o motion_n of_o though_o fix_a star_n shall_v then_o be_v slow_a but_o these_o thing_n the_o accurate_a observatâ—…_n once_o of_o these_o present_a year_n do_v manifest_o elude_v for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o do_v not_o answer_v his_o periodicall_a restitution_n thus_o these_o two_o great_a light_n of_o our_o time_n tycho_n and_o scaliger_n to_o who_o we_o may_v add_v the_o opinion_n of_o our_o countryman_n dr._n gilbert_n who_o in_o his_o 6_o book_n de_fw-fr magnete_n will_v have_v the_o praecession_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n to_o depend_v upon_o the_o magnetical_a motâ—…n_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o this_o be_v that_o englishman_n as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v who_o scaliger_n mention_n in_o his_o forecited_n epistle_n unto_o who_o i_o refer_v you_o for_o satisfaction_n in_o this_o point_n in_o his_o lib._n 6._o cap._n 8._o the_o first_o star_n of_o aries_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o meton_n the_o athenian_a be_v in_o the_o very_a vernal_a intersection_n in_o the_o time_n of_o thales_n milesius_n be_v two_o degree_n before_o the_o intersection_n the_o same_o in_o timochares_n his_o time_n be_v behind_o it_o two_o degree_n 24._o minute_n in_o hipparchus_n time_n 4._o degree_n 40._o minute_n in_o albumasars_n time_n 17._o dâ—…grees_n 50._o minute_n in_o albarenius_fw-la his_o time_n 18._o degree_n 10_o minute_n in_o arzachels_n time_n 19_o degree_n 37._o minute_n in_o alphonsus_n his_o time_n 23._o degreeâ—…_n 48._o minute_n in_o copernicus_n and_o rhoeticus_fw-la his_o time_n 27._o degree_n 21._o minute_n whence_o franciscus_n baroccius_n be_v convince_v of_o
in_o a_o continual_a succession_n of_o time_n so_o that_o ptolemy_n time_n &_o some_o certain_a year_n before_o he_o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v 23._o gr_n 51._o ½_o but_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o any_o certain_a testimony_n to_o have_v be_v ever_o great_a whence_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o aratus_n who_o we_o have_v set_v in_o the_o first_o place_n who_o assign_v 24._o gr_n speak_v with_o the_o large_a and_o as_o it_o be_v at_o random_n and_o as_o our_o learned_a author_n have_v also_o observe_v of_o strabo_n proclus_n and_o leontius_n mechanicus_fw-la not_o so_o accurate_o as_o he_o shall_v have_v there_o be_v also_o two_o other_o lesser_a circle_n describe_v in_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o pole_n to_o that_o of_o the_o tropicke_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o circle_n take_v their_o denomination_n from_o the_o pole_n on_o which_o they_o border_n so_o that_o one_o of_o circle_n they_o be_v call_v the_o arctic_a or_o north_n circle_n and_o and_o the_o oppsite_a circle_n the_o antarctick_a or_o southern_a in_o these_o circle_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v fix_v the_o solsticiall_a colour_n cross_v they_o in_o the_o same_o place_n strabo_n proclus_n cleomedes_n all_o greek_a author_n and_o some_o of_o the_o latin_n also_o assign_v no_o certain_a distance_n to_o these_o circle_n from_o the_o pole_n but_o make_v they_o various_a and_o mutable_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o diverse_a position_n of_o the_o sphere_n so_o that_o one_o of_o they_o must_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v describe_v round_o about_o that_o pole_n which_o be_v elevate_v and_o to_o touch_v the_o very_a horizon_n and_o be_v therefore_o the_o great_a of_o all_o the_o parallel_n that_o be_v always_o in_o sight_n and_o the_o other_o must_v be_v imagine_v as_o draw_v in_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o opposite_a pole_n and_o this_o be_v the_o great_a of_o those_o parallel_n that_o be_v always_o hide_v pont_n the_o arctique_a and_o antarctique_a circle_n do_v show_v 1._o the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la and_o their_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n 2._o they_o do_v distinguish_v the_o frigid_a zone_n from_o the_o temperate_a and_o with_o the_o tropique_n and_o aequator_fw-la they_o help_v to_o divide_v the_o whole_a heaven_n into_o five_o part_n or_o region_n which_o they_o call_v zone_n beside_o these_o circle_n express_v in_o the_o globe_n there_o be_v also_o some_o certain_a other_o circle_n in_o familiar_a use_n with_o the_o practical_a astronomer_n which_o they_o call_v vertical_a circle_n these_o be_v circle_n great_a circle_n draw_v from_o the_o vertical_a point_n through_o the_o horizon_n in_o what_o number_n you_o please_v and_o they_o be_v call_v by_o the_o arabian_n azimuth_n which_o appellation_n be_v also_o in_o common_a use_n among_o our_o ordinary_a astronomer_n the_o office_n of_o these_o circle_n be_v supply_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o quadrant_n of_o altitude_n which_o be_v a_o thin_a plate_n of_o brass_n divide_v into_o 90._o degree_n this_o quadrant_n must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o vetrex_n of_o any_o place_n when_o you_o desire_v to_o use_v it_o so_o that_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o note_v with_o the_o number_n of_o 90._o may_v just_o touch_v the_o horizon_n in_o every_o place_n this_o quadrant_n be_v make_v movable_a that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v fasten_v to_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o any_o place_n pont_n concern_v the_o moveableness_n or_o mutability_n of_o the_o arctique_a and_o antarctique_a circle_n joseph_n scaliger_n report_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o observe_v it_o out_o of_o the_o ancient_a greek_a author_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o manilius_n revise_v and_o publish_v by_o himself_o a_o little_a before_o his_o death_n neither_o do_v he_o think_v that_o any_o ancient_a latin_a author_n within_o 400._o year_n after_o those_o greek_a writer_n nor_o scarce_o any_o before_o sacrobosco_n time_n can_v be_v find_v to_o have_v determine_v they_o to_o be_v immovable_a but_o because_o there_o be_v many_o excellent_a thing_n to_o be_v meet_v withal_o in_o that_o pssage_n of_o he_o and_o that_o he_o set_v down_o the_o same_o by_o way_n of_o demonstration_n i_o have_v think_v it_o not_o impertinent_a see_v our_o author_n have_v give_v a_o touch_n at_o it_o to_o set_v down_o scaliger_n opinâ—…n_n in_o his_o own_o word_n as_o you_o have_v they_o upon_o those_o verse_n of_o monilius_fw-la lib._n 1._o astron._n circulus_fw-la ad_fw-la borean_a fulgentem_fw-la sustinet_fw-la arcton_n sexque_fw-la fugit_fw-la folidas_fw-la a_o coeli_fw-la vertice_fw-la part_n he_o proceed_v after_o this_o manner_n describantur_fw-la circuli_fw-la aequinoctiali_fw-la paralleli_fw-la xc_o etc._n etc._n let_v there_o be_v describe_v say_v he_o 90._o parallel_v circle_n to_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o these_o will_v be_v the_o same_o that_o gaminus_fw-la call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d always_o appear_v now_o among_o all_o those_o that_o which_o touch_v the_o horizon_n in_o the_o point_n of_o intersection_n of_o the_o horizon_n and_o meridian_n will_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o great_a of_o those_o that_o always_o appear_v and_o so_o conseqvent_o the_o arctique_a circle_n of_o that_o place_n now_o because_o the_o orison_n be_v movable_a the_o arctique_a circle_n must_v also_o be_v movable_a so_o in_o the_o climate_n wherein_o cnidus_n lie_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v thirty_o six_o degree_n eudoxus_fw-la determine_v the_o arctic_a circle_n also_o to_o be_v so_o many_o degree_n from_o the_o pole_n in_o like_a manner_n in_o another_o climate_n it_o will_v be_v diverse_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n thus_o hipparchus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o athens_n say_v he_o the_o great_a of_o the_o circle_n always_o appear_v be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n thirty_o seven_o degree_n but_o that_o in_o rhodes_n thirie_n six_o degree_n and_o look_v how_o great_a the_o altitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v the_o same_o must_v the_o distance_n necessary_o be_v betwixi_fw-la the_o pole_n and_o that_o point_n by_o which_o the_o arctic_a circle_n be_v describe_v and_o therefore_o the_o ancient_a greek_n always_o define_v the_o arctique_a circle_n to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sive_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o most_o northern_a point_n that_o their_o horizon_n or_o place_n of_o habitation_n have_v so_o that_o the_o arctic_a circle_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o point_n of_o their_o habitation_n which_o touch_v the_o horizon_n for_o in_o describe_v they_o have_v both_o one_o common_a point_n only_o in_o this_o they_o differ_v that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o arctique_a circle_n be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v the_o vertical_a circle_n or_o zenith_n of_o the_o place_n as_o for_o example_n a._n f._n d._n e._n be_v the_o horizon_n a._n g_o c._n h._n the_o arctic_a circle_n a._n d._n the_o meridian_n a._n the_o point_n of_o intersection_n of_o the_o horizon_n with_o the_o meridian_n in_o which_o place_n also_o the_o arctic_a and_o horizon_n in_o describe_v do_v mutual_o touch_v each_o other_o b._n the_o pole_n c._n the_o zenith_n of_o the_o place_n i._o the_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o actique_fw-la circle_n now_o if_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v full_a 45._o degree_n as_o it_o be_v at_o vienna_n in_o francâ—…_n than_o the_o point_n i._o will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o c_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o opposite_a part_n of_o the_o arctique_a cirâ—…le_n will_v touch_v the_o zenith_n of_o the_o place_n ent_n if_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v less_o than_o 45°_n degree_n the_o zenith_n will_v then_o fall_v without_o the_o circle_n but_o if_o it_o be_v great_a it_o will_v fall_v within_o sâ—…_n that_o by_o this_o mean_v it_o will_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o near_o we_o be_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o lesser_a these_o circle_n will_v be_v and_o contrariwise_o the_o far_o we_o live_v off_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o great_a they_o be_v but_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a itself_o that_o be_v in_o a_o right_a position_n of_o sphere_n there_o be_v no_o arctic_a circle_n at_o all_o pytheas_n write_v that_o those_o that_o inhabit_v thule_n now_o call_v iseland_n have_v a_o tropic_a for_o their_o arctique_a circle_n whether_o therefore_o this_o circle_n fall_v within_o or_o without_o the_o tropic_n the_o distance_n of_o it_o from_o the_o poiâ—…t_n l._n will_v be_v as_o great_a as_o be_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n as_o for_o example_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n at_o rome_n be_v 41._o degree_n therefore_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v
elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n 48._o gr_n 20._o m._n and_o the_o difference_n be_v 7._o degree_n 40_o m._n and_o therefore_o the_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n of_o rome_n fall_v 7._o degree_n 40._o m._n without_o the_o circumference_n of_o its_o arctic_a circle_n so_o this_o distance_n which_o those_o that_o inhabit_v iseland_n be_v 43._o gr_n as_o have_v their_o pole_n elevate_v 66._o degree_n 30._o m._n so_o that_o the_o trepick_n with_o they_o touch_v the_o very_a point_n of_o intersection_n of_o the_o meridian_n and_o horizon_n and_o therefore_o martianus_n cappella_n design_v the_o arctic_a circle_n to_o be_v semper_fw-la apparens_fw-la &_o contingens_fw-la confinia_fw-la finitoris_fw-la nunquam_fw-la mersus_fw-la assurgent_fw-la a_o circle_n that_o always_o appear_v and_o touch_v upon_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o horizon_n yet_o never_o go_v under_o it_o by_o these_o word_n confinia_fw-la finitoris_fw-la he_o mean_v the_o intersection_n of_o the_o horizon_n and_o meridian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o most_o northerly_a point_n these_o ground_n be_v thus_o lay_v we_o see_v that_o as_o many_o habitation_n as_o there_o be_v so_o many_o arctic_a circle_n there_o be_v also_o and_o the_o same_o not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d fix_v and_o unchangeable_a but_o different_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o pace_n so_o that_o by_o this_o we_o may_v plain_o â—…erceive_v the_o error_n of_o our_o modern_a artificer_n who_o in_o their_o artificial_a globe_n describe_v this_o circle_n contrary_a to_o the_o doctrine_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o ancient_n draw_v it_o on_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a above_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n fur_n such_o a_o arctic_a circle_n there_o can_v be_v but_o only_o to_o those_o that_o inhabit_v syene_n by_o the_o nile_n for_o with_o they_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v 23._o gr_n 30._o m._n these_o thing_n consider_v the_o arctic_a circle_n ought_v not_o to_o have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o material_a globe_n unless_o it_o be_v make_v for_o the_o inclination_n of_o some_o certain_a place_n otherwise_o there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o arctic_a circle_n these_o thing_n when_o i_o first_o propose_v in_o aquitaine_n where_o be_v many_o both_o learned_a and_o unlearned_a noble_a and_o paedant_n it_o can_v be_v imagine_v with_o with_o what_o scorn_n and_o hiss_v they_o entertain_v they_o and_o at_o length_n when_o my_o constancy_n will_v not_o give_v place_n to_o their_o stubborn_a ignorance_n i_o think_v i_o shall_v have_v be_v beat_v among_o they_o yet_o at_o last_o have_v nothing_o to_o defend_v themselves_o with_o they_o say_v that_o however_o it_o be_v these_o circle_n be_v useful_a for_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o zone_n at_o which_o answer_n of_o they_o i_o have_v much_o ado_n to_o forbear_v laugh_v for_o this_o division_n of_o the_o world_n into_o zone_n be_v quite_o cashier_v in_o these_o our_o time_n when_o as_o the_o whole_a world_n have_v at_o length_n be_v full_o discover_v by_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o portugal_n and_o spaniard_n and_o for_o this_o purpose_n to_o confute_v these_o mathematician_n i_o allege_v these_o word_n of_o strabo_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d polybus_n therefore_o do_v not_o say_v he_o in_o make_v certain_a zone_n which_o be_v to_o be_v limit_v by_o the_o arctic_a circle_n two_o of_o which_o line_n under_o the_o say_a arctique_n and_o other_o terminate_v betwixt_o the_o arctique_n and_o the_o tropique_n for_o this_o be_v a_o maxim_n that_o determinate_a thing_n can_v be_v bind_v by_o uncertain_a and_o indeterminate_a limit_n this_o their_o philosophy_n therefore_o be_v vain_a and_o frivelous_a but_o yet_o their_o impudence_n end_v not_o so_o for_o you_o shall_v hardly_o meet_v with_o any_o of_o those_o mathematician_n that_o will_v not_o present_o conclude_v he_o mad_a that_o shall_v but_o dare_v to_o descend_v any_o whit_n from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr sacrobosco_n in_o the_o point_n of_o these_o circle_n yet_o one_o of_o they_o not_o long_o since_o be_v as_o it_o seem_v advise_v thereto_o by_o the_o former_a edition_n of_o manilius_n confess_v by_o the_o way_n and_o as_o it_o be_v unwilling_o that_o the_o ancient_n make_v other_o use_n of_o the_o arctic_a circle_n s_o then_o we_o now_o do_v and_o yet_o he_o will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o have_v learn_v this_o of_o i_o notwithstanding_o these_o kind_n of_o fellow_n be_v the_o most_o ignorant_a in_o matter_n of_o antiquity_n in_o the_o world_n who_o shall_v be_v the_o first_o broacher_n of_o this_o ridiculous_a conceit_n i_o can_v guess_v otherwise_o then_o that_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v some_o latin_a writer_n and_o thaet_fw-la 400._o year_n late_a than_o any_o of_o the_o greek_a author_n and_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o any_o other_o teach_v this_o doctrine_n before_o john_n de_fw-fr sacrobosco_n ceartaine_o he_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a i_o can_v ready_o think_v on_o as_o therefore_o our_o man_n be_v in_o a_o error_n in_o make_v the_o arctic_a to_o be_v a_o immutable_a circle_n so_o likewise_o be_v the_o ancient_n and_o those_o among_o we_o that_o follow_v they_o to_o be_v blame_v for_o make_v this_o circle_n to_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o other_o three_o whereas_o the_o parallel_n circle_n in_o a_o sphere_n have_v the_o same_o pole_n with_o the_o sphere_n itself_o but_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o arctique_a be_v the_o same_o always_o with_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n whereas_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o other_o three_o alter_v as_o do_v the_o tropical_a and_o equinoctial_a point_n for_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o tropical_a point_n do_v anticipate_v their_o place_n in_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la insomuch_o that_o in_o a_o certain_a term_n of_o year_n they_o be_v remove_v forward_o a_o degree_n now_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o tropical_a circle_n be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o be_v describe_v by_o those_o point_n which_o in_o themselves_o be_v movable_a therefore_o be_v their_o pole_n also_o movable_a but_o we_o shall_v suffer_v for_o these_o thing_n too_o i_o doubt_v not_o until_o that_o length_n of_o time_n shall_v have_v beat_v this_o into_o the_o head_n of_o such_o man_n with_o who_o strength_n of_o reason_n be_v able_a to_o prevail_v nothing_o at_o all_o and_o this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o scaliger_n and_o the_o ancient_n concern_v the_o arctic_a circle_n which_o johanneâ—…_n pincierus_n a_o learned_a man_n in_o his_o lib._n 2â—…_n cap._n 13._o parergor_n otij_fw-la marpurg_n have_v late_o examine_v and_o indeavonr_v to_o confute_v the_o arctique_a circle_n say_v he_o be_v thus_o describe_v by_o proclus_n arcticus_n circulus_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o arctique_a circle_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o those_o circle_n that_o be_v always_o in_o sight_n and_o it_o touch_v the_o horizon_n in_o one_o point_n and_o be_v see_v also_o above_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o antarctique_a he_o define_v thus_o the_o antartique_n be_v a_o circle_n equal_a and_o parallel_v to_o the_o arctique_a and_o lie_v whole_o hide_v under_o the_o earth_n these_o circle_n therefore_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o proclus_n be_v movable_a andare_n describe_v by_o a_o point_n that_o touch_v the_o horizon_n about_o the_o pole_n that_o be_v near_a to_o it_o and_o they_o be_v also_o change_v with_o the_o horizon_n as_o often_o as_o a_o man_n move_v either_o northward_o or_o southward_o so_o that_o the_o near_o they_o be_v to_o the_o pole_n the_o lesser_a they_o be_v and_o so_o contrariwise_o the_o far_o off_o they_o be_v from_o the_o same_o theâ—…_n be_v so_o much_o the_o great_a and_o consequent_o it_o follow_v because_o they_o have_v no_o fix_a place_n that_o therefore_o they_o can_v be_v describe_v upon_o a_o sphere_n or_o globe_n but_o from_o hence_o there_o arise_v three_o inconvenience_n first_o that_o these_o arctique_n describe_v by_o proclus_n be_v not_o of_o any_o use_n in_o distinguish_v the_o frigid_a zone_n from_o the_o temperate_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o uncertain_a situation_n and_o mutability_n the_o next_o be_v that_o with_o those_o that_o inbabite_n within_o twenty_o three_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o pole_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o sun_n great_a declination_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o arctique_a circle_n will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o antartique_n with_o that_o of_o capricorn_n so_o that_o they_o will_v have_v but_o two_o lesser_a circle_n or_o parallel_n which_o will_v make_v but_o three_o zone_n in_o all_o two_o cold_a one_o and_o a_o torrid_a for_o in_o this_o confusion_n of_o the_o circle_n there_o will_v be_v no_o distinction_n betwixt_o the_o cold_a and_o the_o temperate_a zone_n and_o which_o be_v more_o they_o that_o dwell_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la will_v have_v no_o arctique_n at_o all_o last_o there_o be_v certain_a accident_n proper_a to_o certain_a climate_n which_o can_v he_o assign_v they_o unless_o there_o
for_o whereas_o in_o his_o lib._n 6._o cap._n 22._o have_v discourse_v of_o the_o mâ—…gnitude_n of_o the_o isle_n taprobane_n which_o be_v now_o think_v to_o be_v sumatra_n and_o lie_v direct_o under_o the_o line_n out_o of_o eratosthenes_n and_o megasthenes_n he_o present_o add_v that_o beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_n the_o roman_n have_v better_a knowledge_n of_o the_o same_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emâ—…eror_n claudiuâ—…_n there_o be_v ambassador_n send_v from_o thence_o to_o rome_n who_o among_o other_o thing_n shall_v relate_v that_o with_o they_o gold_n &_o silver_n be_v in_o high_a account_n and_o that_o they_o have_v great_a wealth_n than_o the_o roman_n themselves_o but_o yet_o that_o the_o roman_n have_v great_a use_n of_o riches_n than_o they_o which_o word_n of_o pliny_n with_o many_o other_o there_o at_o large_a set_v down_o by_o he_o if_o they_o be_v but_o compare_v with_o what_o himself_o elsewhere_o write_v in_o his_o 2_o book_z chap._n 68_o he_o will_v be_v find_v manifest_o to_o contradict_v himself_o for_o dispute_v in_o this_o place_n and_o inquire_v how_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v inhabit_v tres_n say_v he_o terrae_fw-la part_n abstulisse_fw-la nobis_fw-la coelum_fw-la etc._n etc._n three_o part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o heaveus_fw-la have_v rob_v we_o of_o to_o wit_n the_o torrid_a or_o middle_a zone_n â—…bat_n be_v whatsoever_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropique_n and_o the_o two_o outmost_a or_o frigid_a zone_n that_o be_v to_o say_v whatever_o ground_n lie_v betwixt_o either_o pole_n and_o the_o arctique_a and_o antarctique_a circle_n according_a to_o that_o which_o the_o poet_n sing_v of_o old_a quarum_fw-la quae_fw-la media_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la habita_fw-la bilis_fw-la aestu_fw-la nix_n tegit_fw-la alta_fw-la duos_fw-la in_o english_a thus_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o be_v not_o inhabit_v through_o heat_n and_o two_o with_o snow_n be_v cover_v for_o this_o be_v that_o which_o pliny_n mean_v that_o those_o two_o outwardmost_a be_v not_o habitable_a by_o reason_n of_o extremity_n of_o â—…old_n nor_o the_o other_o through_o too_o violent_a heat_n but_o that_o which_o be_v more_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o in_o so_o great_a a_o author_n who_o not_o withstand_v indifferent_o take_v up_o aswell_o the_o common_a popular_a fable_n as_o the_o extravagant_a fixion_n of_o the_o poet_n also_o be_v that_o which_o he_o very_o confident_o relate_v out_o of_o corlius_fw-la nepos_n how_o that_o one_o eudoxus_n take_v ship_n in_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n come_v as_o far_o as_o the_o gades_n two_o isle_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o spain_n which_o voyage_n if_o we_o shall_v but_o thorough_o examine_v will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o much_o 〈◊〉_d that_o all_o the_o fortugal_n and_o our_o countryman_n at_o this_o day_n perform_v in_o their_o sea_n voyage_n to_o the_o east_n indâ—…_n when_o as_o touch_v upon_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n they_o twice_o cross_v the_o line_n and_o pass_v through_o the_o whole_a torrid_a zone_n not_o to_o speak_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o which_o he_o write_v in_o his_o first_o book_n twenty_o three_o chapter_n namely_o that_o there_o be_v never_o a_o year_n that_o india_n do_v not_o suck_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a empire_n at_o the_o least_o 500000._o sesterce_n by_o send_v in_o such_o commodity_n as_o they_o sell_v to_o the_o roman_n for_o a_o hundred_o time_n as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v worth_a in_o india_n and_o that_o there_o be_v yearly_a traffic_n by_o ship_n through_o the_o red_a sea_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o roman_n who_o be_v sane_a for_o their_o safe_a passage_n to_o defend_v themselves_o from_o pirate_n by_o go_v provide_v with_o band_n of_o archer_n and_o here_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v in_o pliny_n defence_n be_v thaâ—…those_n thing_n which_o he_o relate_v in_o this_o second_o book_n be_v write_v by_o he_o long_o before_o the_o rest_n which_o followeh_n and_o that_o at_o that_o time_n these_o indian_a voyage_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_o undertake_v or_o the_o passage_n so_o well_o know_v unto_o the_o roman_n especial_o for_o that_o in_o the_o book_n follow_v as_o namely_o the_o six_o book_n 17._o and_o 23._o chapter_n he_o say_v that_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o the_o voyage_n from_o egypt_n into_o india_n begin_v but_o than_o first_o to_o be_v discover_v when_o as_o he_o be_v write_v the_o same_o and_o that_o seneca_n have_v not_o long_o before_o begin_v a_o description_n of_o india_n reckon_v up_o therein_o 60._o great_a river_n and_o 122._o nation_n to_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o same_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o habitablenesse_n and_o fortility_n of_o the_o part_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n iâ—…_n in_o that_o the_o sun_n shine_v upon_o they_o but_o 12._o hour_n so_o that_o the_o night_n be_v always_o as_o long_o as_o the_o day_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o one_o do_v very_o much_o attemperate_a the_o excessive_a heat_n of_o the_o other_o in_o like_a manner_n that_o both_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v habitable_a be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o sun_n which_o in_o his_o course_n through_o the_o six_o northern_a sign_n of_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la never_o set_v in_o six_o month_n space_n so_o those_o that_o live_v under_o 84_o degree_n of_o latitude_n so_o that_o by_o his_o continual_a preseneâ—…_n the_o extreme_a rigidity_n of_o the_o clime_n iâ—…_n mitigate_v and_o the_o cold_a by_o this_o mean_n dispel_v chap._n v._o of_o the_o amphiseij_fw-la hereroscij_fw-la and_o periscij_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o zone_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o noonshadowe_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o kind_n amphisâ—…ij_fw-la heteroscij_fw-la and_o periscij_fw-la those_o that_o inhabit_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropiquâ—…s_n be_v call_v amphiscij_fw-la because_o that_o their_o noon_n shadow_n be_v diverse_o cast_v sometime_o towards_o the_o south_n as_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o northward_o than_o their_o vertical_a point_n and_o sometime_o towards_o the_o north_n as_o when_o the_o sun_n decline_v southwaâ—…_n from_o their_o zenith_n those_o that_o live_v betwixt_o the_o tropique_n and_o aâ—…ct_n que_fw-fr circle_n be_v call_v heteroscij_fw-la because_o the_o shadow_n at_o noon_n be_v cast_v only_o one_o way_n and_o that_o â—…ither_o north_n or_o south_n for_o the_o sun_n never_o come_v far_a north_n than_o our_o summer_n tropic_n nor_o more_o southward_o than_o the_o winter_n tropic_n so_o that_o those_o that_o inhabit_v northward_o of_o the_o summer_n tropic_n have_v their_o shadow_n cast_v always_o towards_o the_o north_n as_o in_o like_a manner_n those_o that_o dwell_v more_o southward_o than_o the_o winter_n tropic_n have_v their_o noon-shadow_n cast_v always_o coward_n the_o south_n those_o that_o inhabit_v betwixt_o the_o arctique_a or_o antarctique_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n be_v call_v periscij_fw-la because_o that_o the_o gnomon_n do_v cast_v their_o shadow_n circular_o and_o the_o reason_n hereos_fw-la it_o for_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v carry_v round_o about_o above_o their_o horizon_n in_o his_o whole_a diurnal_a revolution_n pont_n the_o heterosciall_a zone_n be_v therefore_o two_o fold_v either_o northern_a or_o southern_a the_o northern_a be_v comprehend_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o artik_a circle_n and_o â—…s_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d septentrionalis_n because_o that_o in_o it_o the_o sun_n beam_n at_o noon_n be_v always_o cast_v to_o that_o part_n only_o that_o byoth_v towards_o the_o â—…ole_a arctic_n the_o southern_a hetorosciall_a zone_n contain_v all_o that_o space_n of_o ground_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n and_o uâ—…e_v antarctique_a circle_n and_o it_o be_v callâ—…d_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d meridonalis_fw-la because_o the_o noon_n shadow_n be_v projeâ—…ed_v towards_o the_o south_n pole_n only_o the_o property_n of_o these_o several_a zone_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v first_o they_o that_o inhabit_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v in_o a_o right_a sphere_n for_o with_o they_o both_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n lie_v in_o their_o horizon_n and_o their_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n fall_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n so_o that_o their_o peculiar_a accident_n be_v these_o first_o all_z the_o sâ—…arres_n do_v rise_v and_o set_v in_o a_o equal_a space_n of_o time_n except_o the_o arctique_a and_o antarctique_a pole_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o lerius_fw-la in_o our_o note_n upon_o the_o three_o chapter_n second_o they_o have_v a_o perpetual_a aequinoxe_n three_o they_o have_v the_o sun_n vertical_a unto_o they_o twice_o in_o a_o year_n namely_o when_o he_o enter_v into_o ♈_o and_o ♎_o four_o in_o the_o sun_n periodicall_a motion_n through_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la look_v how_o much_o he_o go_v southward_o from_o their_o zenith_n in_o his_o return_n he_o decline_v as_o far_o northward_o srom_o the_o same_o fiâ—…thly_o they_o have_v
and_o that_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v go_v back_o into_o the_o saccee_a part_n and_o he_o do_v not_o perswadâ—…_n himself_o only_o to_o this_o but_o even_o ptolemy_n also_o and_o ptolemy_n all_o that_o come_v after_o he_o so_o great_a be_v the_o power_n of_o prejudicate_v authority_n and_o he_o also_o rectify_v the_o globe_n and_o make_v the_o tail_n of_o the_o little_a bear_n to_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n twelve_o gr_n twenty_o four_o min._n choose_v rather_o to_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v so_o then_o to_o consult_v with_o the_o star_n to_o see_v whether_o it_o be_v so_o indeed_o or_o no._n which_o thing_n i_o can_v sufficient_o wonder_v at_o in_o he_o see_v that_o not_o only_o in_o his_o time_n but_o also_o two_o hunare_v and_o eighteen_o year_n before_o he_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o lesser_a bear_n be_v no_o far_o from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n than_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n as_o eudoxus_n observe_v which_o i_o have_v most_o plain_o demonstrate_v in_o my_o book_n of_o the_o praecession_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a poinâ—…_n beside_o eratosthenes_n also_o who_o write_v one_o hundred_o twenty_o eight_o year_n after_o fudoxus_fw-la affirm_v the_o same_o of_o the_o same_o star_n and_o so_o do_v those_o that_o write_v in_o augustus_n his_o time_n if_o therefore_o two_o hundred_o and_o eighteen_o year_n before_o hipparchus_n time_n that_o star_n be_v where_o it_o be_v now_o how_o then_o can_v that_o position_n of_o hipparchus_n stand_v who_o place_v it_o 12._o gr_n 24_o min._n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n for_o if_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n lay_v more_o backward_o into_o the_o succeed_a part_n as_o he_o will_v have_v it_o and_o that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o tail_n of_o the_o cynosure_n be_v 12._o gr_n 24._o min._n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o in_o eudoxus_n time_n it_o must_v have_v be_v far_o distant_a from_o the_o pole_n by_o 13._o or_o 14._o gr_n for_o this_o be_v the_o proportion_n of_o degree_n require_v for_o that_o motion_n but_o it_o be_v then_o no_o far_o distant_a than_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o therefore_o hipparchus_n have_v abuse_v both_o himself_o and_o all_o that_o have_v come_v after_o he_o and_o indeed_o i_o myself_o have_v make_v a_o collection_n out_o of_o he_o of_o all_o the_o rise_n and_o setting_n of_o the_o star_n which_o no_o man_n shall_v ever_o be_v able_a to_o understand_v except_o he_o first_o make_v such_o a_o globe_n wherein_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o cynosure_n shall_v be_v 12._o gr_n 24._o min._n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n which_o thing_n when_o i_o impart_v to_o that_o great_a astronomer_n tycho_n brahe_n he_o be_v amuse_v and_o wonder_v very_o much_o at_o the_o novelty_n and_o strangeness_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o indeed_o not_o without_o cause_n for_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v a_o word_n to_o he_o of_o the_o construction_n of_o hipparchus_n his_o globe_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o cynosure_n from_o the_o pole_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o we_o plain_o see_v that_o for_o as_o much_o as_o this_o star_n keep_v the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n at_o this_o day_n that_o it_o do_v 1967._o year_n since_o there_o be_v no_o motion_n at_o all_o of_o the_o eight_o sphere_n into_o the_o succeed_v part_n but_o of_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n into_o the_o precedent_n for_o of_o the_o motion_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n at_o all_o to_o be_v make_v for_o at_o this_o time_n the_o aequinoxe_n fall_v before_o the_o first_o star_n in_o aries_n above_o 28._o gr_n which_o notwithstanding_o in_o eudoxus_n his_o time_n happen_v at_o the_o very_a star_n but_o now_o whether_o the_o star_n have_v leave_v the_o sun_n behind_o it_o or_o the_o sun_n the_o star_n be_v the_o principal_a matter_n in_o question_n for_o it_o must_v be_v that_o one_o of_o they_o must_v stand_v still_o and_o the_o other_o move_v but_o we_o have_v already_o show_v that_o the_o star_n be_v immovable_a and_o therefore_o the_o sun_n and_o equinoctial_a point_n be_v movable_a and_o indeed_o they_o have_v manifest_o go_v forward_o since_o eudox_n time_n 28._o degree_n this_o copernicus_n that_o great_a scholar_n and_o second_o ptolemy_n of_o our_o age_n perceive_v when_o he_o speak_v these_o word_n vos_fw-fr putatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n you_o think_v say_v he_o that_o the_o eight_o sphere_n move_v into_o the_o consequent_a part_n but_o consider_v whether_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n do_v not_o rather_o move_v forward_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o never_o suffioient_o commend_v man_n conclude_v that_o there_o be_v a_o praecession_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n and_o not_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o eight_o sphere_n into_o the_o subsâ—…quent_a paert_n for_o one_o of_o these_o be_v grant_v the_o other_o must_v necessary_o be_v take_v away_o for_o if_o the_o eight_o sphere_n do_v not_o move_v backward_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n must_v necessary_o move_v forward_o and_o therefore_o herein_o copernicus_n conjecture_v aright_o but_o he_o omit_v the_o chief_a matter_n of_o all_o either_o because_o perhaps_o he_o perceive_v it_o not_o or_o else_o despair_v of_o ever_o be_v able_a to_o demonstrate_v it_o for_o see_v that_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n be_v movable_a it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o a_o great_a circle_n describe_v by_o the_o same_o must_v be_v movable_a also_o by_o the_o twenty_o sphaeric_a element_n and_o if_o the_o circle_n be_v movable_a the_o pole_n must_v also_o be_v movable_a and_o therefore_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n for_o this_o be_v immovable_a but_o the_o other_o movable_n for_o so_o consequent_o all_o the_o great_a circle_n pass_v through_o these_o pole_n which_o be_v the_o meridian_n be_v also_o movable_a so_o that_o sunne-dialls_a and_o all_o sciotericall_a instrument_n that_o be_v place_v upon_o a_o meridian_n line_n after_o some_o certain_a term_n of_o year_n must_v necessary_o be_v defective_a because_o the_o line_n itself_o be_v remove_v from_o its_o former_a situation_n of_o which_o variableness_n we_o have_v obse_o ve_v notable_a argument_n in_o monument_n of_o antiquity_n these_o thing_n it_o do_v concern_v copernicus_n either_o to_o have_v see_v or_o demonstrate_v who_o be_v the_o first_o man_n that_o ever_o reject_v that_o fabulous_a and_o ridiculousmotionof_o the_o eight_o sphere_n and_o withal_o propose_v this_o opinion_n of_o the_o praecession_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n who_o have_v he_o but_o see_v see_v those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v observe_v historical_o out_o of_o the_o write_n of_o the_o ancient_a astronomer_n so_o great_a be_v the_o ingenuity_n of_o the_o man_n that_o he_o will_v have_v instant_o consent_v and_o demonstrate_v the_o matter_n mathematical_o which_o certain_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o do_v for_o be_v there_o any_o man_n so_o void_a of_o all_o reason_n and_o judgement_n as_o have_v grant_v the_o equinoctial_a point_n to_o be_v movable_a to_o deny_v that_o a_o great_a circle_n describe_v by_o the_o same_o must_v necessary_o be_v movable_a also_o and_o if_o so_o that_o the_o pole_n be_v also_o movable_a and_o again_o this_o 〈◊〉_d grant_v that_o the_o meridian_n be_v so_o too_o he_o that_o shall_v deny_v this_o i_o can_v see_v what_o it_o have_v profit_v bim_n to_o have_v study_v the_o mathematics_n but_o you_o will_v object_v that_o the_o meridian_n be_v not_o change_v because_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n which_o be_v immutable_a but_o than_o you_o have_v forget_v our_o hypothesis_n which_o be_v that_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n for_o these_o be_v immutable_a but_o those_o other_o mutable_a and_o therefore_o we_o see_v the_o necessity_n of_o this_o argument_n and_o withal_o that_o these_o thing_n be_v so_o we_o be_v yet_o very_o far_o to_o seek_v in_o many_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o situation_n and_o construction_n of_o the_o sphere_n for_o by_o this_o reckon_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n shall_v not_o be_v describe_v direct_o parallel_n to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o may_v hence_o be_v conclude_v i_o may_v willing_o omit_v because_o i_o speak_v to_o a_o mathematician_n who_o may_v better_o teach_v in_o these_o thing_n wherefore_o i_o think_v i_o may_v bold_o say_v that_o none_o can_v be_v so_o impudent_a as_o to_o deny_v these_o thing_n which_o be_v so_o manifest_a as_o that_o we_o can_v prove_v they_o not_o only_o historical_o but_o also_o apodictical_o by_o certain_a demonstration_n and_o it_o behoove_v you_o to_o see_v and_o examine_v more_o narrow_o whatsoever_o have_v be_v write_v by_o mathematician_n concern_v this_o
matter_n for_o there_o be_v now_o no_o place_n leave_v of_o deny_v all_o but_o rather_o to_o see_v how_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v better_o demonstrate_v and_o this_o do_v the_o construction_n and_o position_n of_o the_o sphere_n correct_v but_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v this_o to_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o astrologer_n who_o never_o have_v read_v any_o thing_n but_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o never_o so_o much_o as_o see_v any_o of_o the_o ancient_a writer_n unto_o who_o although_o they_o shall_v perhaps_o have_v recourse_n they_o can_v not_o understand_v now_o as_o concern_v the_o motion_n of_o trepidation_n it_o be_v long_o since_o explode_v and_o for_o copernicus_n his_o motion_n of_o libration_n which_o be_v also_o a_o very_a vain_a conceit_n and_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o it_o here_o and_o show_v whence_o this_o so_o idle_a a_o dream_n shall_v possess_v so_o worthy_a a_o man_n for_o it_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o that_o imposture_n of_o trepidation_n and_o as_o the_o truth_n have_v at_o length_n get_v place_n and_o remove_v that_o fabulous_a motion_n of_o trepidation_n so_o we_o doubt_v not_o but_o necessity_n will_v at_o the_o last_o send_v after_o it_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o eight_o sphere_n also_o this_o therefore_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o our_o answer_n that_o we_o desire_v that_o the_o skilful_a artist_n will_v consider_v whether_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v deliver_v concern_v the_o mutability_n of_o the_o meridian_n that_o there_o be_v no_o motion_n of_o the_o eight_o sphere_n into_o the_o consequent_a part_n that_o we_o be_v the_o first_o that_o have_v demonstrate_v the_o same_o and_o that_o from_o thence_o must_v necessary_o follow_v the_o praecession_n of_o of_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n and_o this_o be_v grant_v that_o then_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n aequinoctia_fw-la circle_n and_o their_o pole_n and_o meridian_n pass_v through_o they_o be_v also_o movable_a and_o their_o pole_n also_o different_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o that_o the_o situation_n of_o sun_n diall_n do_v vary_v after_o sâ—…me_n term_v of_o year_n and_o that_o we_o be_v the_o first_o that_o observe_v the_o history_n of_o this_o not_o able_a piece_n of_o antiquity_n which_o also_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o the_o mathematics_n this_o be_v my_o opinion_n which_o i_o will_v ever_o defend_v but_o do_v you_o consider_v better_o of_o it_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n farewell_n lug._n bat._n 16._o kal._n mai._n an._n 1604._o and_o this_o be_v scaliger_n epistle_n in_o which_o whereas_o he_o speak_v of_o three_o book_n of_o the_o magnet_n write_v by_o w._n gilbert_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o slip_n of_o his_o memory_n for_o the_o same_o author_n write_v not_o three_o but_o six_o book_n de_fw-fr magnete_n which_o be_v print_v at_o london_n by_o peter_n short_a anno_fw-la 1600._o the_o four_o and_o sifth_v book_n whereof_o do_v especial_o handle_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o whereas_o he_o add_v that_o himself_o have_v plain_o demonstrate_v in_o a_o certain_a book_n of_o he_o that_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o cynosure_n have_v the_o same_o situation_n ancient_o that_o it_o bathe_v at_o this_o day_n he_o mean_v that_o book_n which_o bear_v title_n diatriba_fw-la de_fw-la aequinoctiorum_fw-la anticipatione_fw-la and_o be_v print_v at_o paris_n anno_fw-la 1613._o which_o book_n i_o understand_v since_o that_o johannes_n maginus_fw-la a_o paduan_n and_o professor_n of_o the_o mathematics_n in_o bononia_n have_v undertake_v to_o confute_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o catalogue_n of_o book_n in_o the_o year_n 1617._o where_o there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o the_o same_o confutation_n print_v at_o rome_n by_o andrew_n 〈◊〉_d and_o at_o colen_n by_o anthony_n hierat_fw-la in_fw-la quarto_fw-la in_o which_o book_n the_o author_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o impugn_v certain_a new_a tenet_n concern_v the_o polar_a star_n and_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n and_o immobility_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n with_o divers_a astronomical_a matter_n which_o the_o title_n promise_v notwithstanding_o it_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v my_o good_a hap_n though_o i_o have_v make_v very_o diligent_a enquiry_n to_o meet_v with_o any_o of_o these_o book_n chap._n xvi_o how_o to_o make_v a_o sun_n dial_n by_o the_o globe_n for_o any_o latitude_n of_o place_n we_o do_v not_o here_o promise_v the_o whole_a art_n of_o dial_v as_o be_v a_o matter_n too_o prolix_a to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o place_n and_o not_o so_o proper_o concern_v our_o present_a business_n in_o hand_n and_o therefore_o it_o shall_v suffice_v we_o to_o have_v touch_v light_o and_o as_o it_o be_v point_v out_o only_o some_o few_o ground_n of_o this_o art_n be_v such_o as_o may_v very_o easy_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o use_n of_o the_o globe_n and_o here_o in_o this_o 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the_o horizon_n draw_v a_o meridian_n on_o it_o as_o exact_o north_n and_o south_n as_o possible_o you_o can_v which_o do_v draw_v another_o east_n and_o west_n which_o must_v cross_v it_o at_o right_a angle_n the_o first_o of_o which_o line_n will_v show_v twelve_o and_o the_o other_o six_o of_o the_o clock_n both_o morning_n and_o evening_n then_o make_v a_o centre_n in_o the_o intersection_n of_o these_o two_o line_n describe_v a_o circle_n on_o your_o dial_n ground_n to_o what_o distance_n you_o please_v and_o then_o divide_v it_o as_o all_o other_o circle_n usual_o be_v into_o 360._o part_n and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o subdivide_v each_o of_o these_o into_o lesser_a part_n if_o it_o may_v convenient_o be_v do_v and_o now_o it_o only_o remain_v to_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o hour_n line_n in_o this_o circle_n for_o any_o latitude_n of_o place_n which_o that_o we_o may_v do_v by_o the_o use_n of_o the_o globe_n let_v it_o first_o be_v set_v to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n assign_v and_o then_o make_v choice_n of_o some_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o globe_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n as_o for_o example_n the_o equinoctial_a colour_n if_o you_o please_v and_o apply_v the_o same_o to_o the_o meridian_n in_o which_o situation_n it_o show_v midday_n or_o twelve_o of_o the_o clock_n then_o turn_v about_o the_o globe_n towards_o the_o west_n if_o you_o will_v till_o that_o fifteen_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v pass_v through_o the_o meridian_n you_o must_v mark_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o horizon_n that_o the_o same_o colour_n cross_v in_o the_o horizon_n for_o that_o point_n will_v show_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o first_o and_o eleven_o hour_n from_o the_o meridian_n both_o of_o which_o be_v distant_a a_o hour_n space_n from_o the_o meridian_n or_o line_n of_o midday_n then_o turn_v again_o the_o globe_n forward_o till_o other_o fifteen_o degree_n be_v pass_v the_o meridian_n the_o same_o colour_n will_v point_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o ten_o hour_n which_o be_v two_o hour_n before_o noon_n and_o of_o the_o second_o hour_n after_o noon_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n you_o may_v find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o horizon_n allot_v to_o each_o of_o they_o fifteen_o degree_n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la cross_v the_o meridian_n but_o here_o you_o must_v take_v notice_n by_o the_o way_n that_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o account_n of_o the_o distance_n must_v be_v take_v from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o horizon_n on_o which_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v to_o wit_n from_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o horizon_n if_o the_o arctic_a pole_n be_v elevate_v and_o so_o likewise_o from_o the_o south_n part_n if_o the_o antarctick_a be_v elevate_v these_o distance_n of_o the_o hour_n
be_v fix_v and_o certain_a limet_n set_v to_o distinguish_v the_o cold_a zone_n from_o the_o temperate_a as_o for_o example_n if_o it_o be_v inquire_v what_o property_n be_v incident_a to_o those_o that_o inhabit_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o arctique_a circle_n and_o what_o to_o those_o under_o the_o arctique_a circle_n itself_o and_o last_o what_o betwixt_o the_o arctique_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n to_o these_o question_n there_o can_v be_v no_o answer_n make_v without_o these_o fix_a arctique_a circle_n beside_o this_o it_o will_v take_v away_o much_o light_n and_o futheraâ—…ce_n both_o from_o geographical_a map_n and_o astronomical_a instrument_n if_o these_o arctique_a circle_n may_v not_o be_v describe_v in_o they_o which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v describe_v in_o they_o but_o that_o they_o may_v change_v evermore_o with_o the_o horizon_n these_o and_o the_o like_a inconvenience_n be_v easy_o avoid_v by_o place_v the_o arctique_a circle_n as_o usual_o it_o be_v on_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la neither_o be_o i_o any_o way_n sway_v with_o the_o authority_n of_o joseph_n scaliger_n adhere_v to_o proclus_n his_o doctrine_n of_o the_o mutability_n of_o the_o arctique_a circle_n although_o i_o be_o nâ—…t_o ignorant_a how_o rare_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o such_o judgement_n match_v with_o so_o great_a knowledge_n to_o fall_v into_o a_o error_n and_o as_o for_o that_o testimony_n which_o they_o bring_v out_o of_o strabo_n lib._n 2._o geogr._n that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o there_o be_v arctique_a circle_n in_o the_o temperate_a clime_n and_o that_o those_o that_o have_v any_o have_v not_o all_o the_o same_o this_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o use_v straboe_n own_o word_n nothing_o to_o the_o argument_n in_o hand_n and_o conclude_v nothing_o for_o than_o they_o shall_v be_v of_o no_o use_n at_o all_o i_o can_v therefore_o assent_v to_o a_o man_n who_o tenent_n be_v dissonant_n both_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o reason_n itself_o but_o to_o return_v at_o length_n to_o proclus_n who_o see_v that_o he_o acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v five_o zone_n two_o of_o which_o be_v terminate_v betwixt_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o arctique_a and_o the_o antarctique_a circle_n and_o other_o two_o border_v upon_o the_o same_o which_o be_v the_o two_o temperate_a zone_n and_o be_v bound_v on_o one_o side_n by_o the_o arctique_a and_o the_o other_o by_o the_o tropicke_n betwixt_o both_o which_o lie_v the_o torrid_a zone_n he_o himself_o seem_v tacit_o to_o approve_v these_o immovable_a artiques_n without_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o set_v constant_a limit_n of_o the_o frigid_a and_o temperate_a zone_n thus_o scaliger_n and_o pincierus_n now_o concern_v the_o opinion_n that_o the_o ancient_n have_v of_o those_o zone_n namely_o that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v inhabit_v through_o extreme_a cold_n and_o some_o through_o parch_a heat_n notwithstanding_o these_o be_v discover_v at_o length_n to_o be_v but_o vain_a dream_n by_o the_o late_a sea-voyage_n both_o of_o the_o portugal_n and_o our_o own_o countryman_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o each_o of_o they_o there_o be_v certain_a special_a and_o peculiar_a occurrence_n so_o that_o if_o but_o for_o doctrine_n sake_n it_o be_v good_a that_o these_o circle_n shall_v not_o be_v take_v away_o neither_o be_v we_o to_o despise_v it_o if_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o late_a time_n any_o thing_n have_v be_v add_v to_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o ancient_n which_o may_v any_o whit_n be_v useful_a for_o the_o instruction_n of_o learner_n or_o may_v any_o way_n conduce_v so_o the_o clear_n of_o thing_n in_o themselves_o obscure_a and_o intricate_a chap._n iii_o of_o the_o three_o position_n of_o sphere_n right_o parallel_n and_o oblique_a according_a to_o the_o diverse_a habitude_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v either_o parallel_n to_o it_o or_o else_o cut_v it_o and_o that_o either_o in_o oblique_a or_o else_o in_o right_a angle_n there_o be_v a_o threefold_a position_n or_o situation_n of_o sphere_n the_o first_o be_v of_o those_o that_o have_v etheir_o pole_n for_o their_o vertical_a point_n for_o with_o these_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o horizon_n be_v parallel_n to_o each_o other_o or_o indeed_o rather_o but_o one_o circle_n betwixt_o they_o both_o the_o 2_o be_v of_o those_o who_o zenith_n be_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o three_o agree_v to_o all_o other_o place_n else_o the_o first_o of_o these_o situation_n be_v call_v a_o parallel_n sphere_n the_o second_o a_o right_n and_o the_o three_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n of_o these_o several_a kind_n of_o position_n the_o two_o first_o be_v simple_a but_o the_o three_o be_v manifold_a and_o diverse_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o latitude_n of_o place_n each_o of_o these_o have_v their_o peculiar_a property_n those_o that_o in_o habit_n in_o a_o parallel_n sphere_n see_v not_o the_o sun_n or_o other_o star_n either_o rise_n or_o set_v or_o high_a or_o low_o in_o the_o diurnal_a revolution_n beside_o see_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o yealy_a motion_n traverse_v the_o whole_a zodiaque_fw-la which_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o aequator_fw-la into_o 2._o equal_a part_n one_o whereof_o lie_v towards_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o south_n by_o this_o mean_v it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o while_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o his_o course_n through_o those_o sign_n that_o be_v near_a their_o vertical_a pole_n all_o this_o while_n he_o never_o set_v and_o so_o make_v but_o one_o continue_v artificial_a day_n which_o be_v about_o the_o space_n of_o six_o month_n and_o so_o contrariwise_o while_o he_o run_v over_o the_o other_o remote_a sign_n lie_v towards_o the_o opposite_a pole_n he_o make_v a_o long_a continual_a night_n of_o the_o like_a space_n of_o time_n or_o thereabouts_o now_o at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o diurnal_a revolution_n shall_v come_v to_o touch_v the_o very_a aequator_fw-la he_o be_v carry_v about_o in_o â—…uch_n sort_n as_o that_o he_o be_v not_o whole_o apparent_a above_o the_o horizon_n nor_o yet_o whole_o hide_v under_o it_o but_o as_o it_o be_v half_o cut_v off_o the_o affection_n of_o a_o right_a sphere_n be_v these_o all_o the_o sarr_n be_v observe_v to_o rise_v and_o set_v in_o a_o equal_a space_n of_o time_n and_o continue_v as_o long_o above_o the_o horizon_n as_o they_o do_v under_o it_o so_o that_o the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v always_o here_o of_o equal_a length_n pont_n that_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n all_o the_o star_n do_v both_o rise_v and_o set_v that_o be_v be_v all_o general_o see_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n do_v also_o all_o set_v by_o turn_n so_o likewise_o that_o boath_n the_o pole_n both_o arctique_a and_o antâ—…rctique_n may_v be_v see_v at_o once_o have_v hitherto_o be_v the_o receive_a opinion_n both_o of_o geminus_n and_o proclus_n and_o general_o of_o all_o other_o writer_n whichour_n author_n also_o here_o follow_v yet_o if_o we_o do_v but_o examine_v the_o matter_n more_o near_o we_o shall_v find_v this_o to_o agree_v not_o so_o much_o with_o the_o sensible_a as_o with_o the_o rational_a or_o intelligible_a horizon_n for_o as_o much_o as_o eveâ—…_n in_o a_o right_a sphere_n the_o fight_n can_v hardly_o reach_v both_o the_o pole_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o extuberancy_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o johannes_n lerius_fw-la a_o burgonian_a who_o in_o his_o history_n of_o his_o voyage_n into_o the_o new_a world_n whether_o thus_o non_fw-la modo_fw-la sub_fw-la aequinoctiali_fw-la polus_fw-la uterque_fw-la non_fw-la apparet_fw-la etc._n etc._n under_o the_o equinoctial_a say_v he_o not_o only_o both_o the_o pole_n be_v invisible_a and_o do_v not_o appear_v but_o neither_o one_o nor_o other_o can_v be_v see_v till_o a_o man_n have_v pass_v on_o two_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o whether_o this_o assertion_n of_o he_o or_o the_o contrary_a of_o some_o of_o our_o countryman_n who_o have_v also_o sail_v through_o those_o part_n be_v to_o be_v account_v the_o more_o accurate_a and_o trne_a i_o leave_v to_o other_o to_o determine_v pont_n the_o position_n or_o siavation_n of_o a_o sphere_n be_v right_o distinguish_v by_o our_o author_n into_o three_o â—…inds_n to_o wit_n parallel_n right_o and_o oblique_a notwithstanding_o clavius_n with_o sacrobosco_n acknowledge_v only_o two_o and_o they_o be_v right_o and_o oblique_a for_o if_o it_o be_v demand_v say_v clavius_n what_o manner_n of_o sphere_n they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v that_o inhabit_v under_o the_o pole_n we_o must_v make_v answer_n a_o oblique_a but_o both_o clavius_n and_o sacrobosco_n be_v herein_o deceive_v for_o those_o that_o have_v such_o a_o position_n of_o sphere_n as_o
that_o which_o be_v comprehend_v under_o more_o than_o two_o plain_a angle_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o same_o superficies_n and_o meeting_n all_o in_o one_o point_n as_o be_v the_o angle_n of_o a_o cube_n or_o die_v rhombus_fw-la be_v a_o figure_n quadrangular_a have_v equal_a side_n but_o not_o equal_a angle_n rhomboide_n be_v a_o figure_n have_v neither_o equal_a side_n nor_o equal_a angle_n yet_o the_o opposite_a side_n and_o angle_n be_v equal_a a_o solid_a body_n be_v that_o which_o have_v length_n breadth_n and_o thickness_n as_o a_o cube_n or_o die_n and_o the_o limit_n or_o extreme_n of_o it_o be_v superficies_n the_o axis_n be_v that_o diameter_n above_o which_o the_o sphere_n or_o globe_n be_v turn_v the_o pole_n of_o a_o sphere_n be_v the_o extreme_n or_o end_n of_o the_o diameter_n and_o be_v terminate_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sphere_n a_o sphere_n be_v define_v by_o euclid_n to_o be_v when_o the_o diameter_n of_o a_o semicircle_n remain_v fix_v the_o semicircle_n be_v turn_v about_o till_o it_o return_v again_o to_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o begin_v to_o move_v at_o first_o the_o first_o part_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v common_a both_o to_o the_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a globe_n chap._n i._n what_o a_o globe_n be_v with_o the_o part_n thereof_o and_o of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o globe_n a_o globe_n in_o relation_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n we_o define_v to_o be_v a_o analogical_a representation_n either_o of_o the_o heaven_n or_o the_o earth_n and_o we_o call_v it_o analogical_a not_o only_o in_o â—…egard_n of_o its_o form_n express_v the_o spherical_a figure_n as_o well_o of_o the_o heaven_n as_o also_o of_o the_o terrâ—…stiall_a globe_n consist_v of_o the_o earth_n itself_o together_o with_o the_o interflow_a sea_n but_o rather_o because_o that_o it_o represent_v unto_o uâ—…_n in_o a_o just_a proportion_n and_o distance_n each_o particular_a constellation_n in_o the_o heaven_n and_o every_o several_a region_n and_o tract_n of_o gâ—…ound_n in_o the_o earth_n together_o with_o certain_a circle_n both_o great_a and_o lâ—…sser_a invent_v by_o artificer_n for_o the_o more_o ready_a computation_n of_o the_o same_o the_o gâ—…eater_a circle_n we_o call_v those_o which_o divide_v the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n or_o half_n and_o those_o the_o lesser_a which_o divide_v the_o same_o into_o two_o unequal_a part_n pont_n a_o globe_n be_v also_o call_v a_o sphere_n only_o with_o this_o distinction_n that_o a_o sphere_n be_v proper_o such_o a_o one_o as_o consist_v only_o of_o circle_n or_o little_a hoop_n of_o brass_n or_o like_o matter_n and_o be_v not_o a_o solid_a body_n as_o be_v a_o globe_n the_o latin_n call_v it_o armillaris_n now_o those_o circle_n whereof_o it_o be_v make_v although_o we_o be_v not_o to_o cone_fw-mi eive_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o reallone_n in_o the_o heaven_n yet_o they_o have_v be_v invent_v by_o artificer_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o same_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o true_a motion_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n may_v the_o more_o easy_o be_v apprehend_v and_o what_o be_v say_v of_o the_o aequator_fw-la zodiaque_fw-la axe_n and_o the_o other_o circle_n be_v also_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o other_o orb_n themselves_o and_o their_o hypothesis_n for_o as_o concern_v the_o objection_n make_v long_o since_o by_o rhoeticus_fw-la and_o late_o by_o peter_n ramus_n lib._n 2._o schol._n math._n touch_v the_o facility_n the_o ancient_a egyptians_n have_v in_o search_n ing_z out_o the_o course_n of_o the_o star_n i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o let_v you_o see_v what_o the_o noble_a tycho_n opinion_n be_v herein_o and_o what_o answer_n he_o once_o upon_o occasion_n give_v ramus_n himself_o propose_v the_o same_o unto_o he_o as_o we_o find_v it_o relate_v by_o himself_o in_o his_o book_n of_o astronomical_a epistle_n pag._n 60._o and_o thus_o it_o be_v quod_fw-la celeberrimus_fw-la ille_fw-la noltri_fw-la aevi_fw-la philosophus_fw-la petus_n ramus_n etc._n etc._n where_o as_o that_o famous_a philosopher_n of_o our_o time_n peter_n ramus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o science_n of_o astronomy_n may_v be_v frame_v by_o some_o certain_a logical_a way_n of_o computation_n with_o hypothesis_n this_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o mere_a groundless_a conjecture_n which_o conâ—…eit_n of_o he_o he_o propose_v indeed_o to_o i_o about_o sixteen_o â—…eares_n since_o when_o as_o we_o be_v together_o at_o auâ—…purge_n wish_v i_o withal_o that_o when_o as_o i_o have_v â—…nce_o reduce_v the_o course_n of_o the_o star_n into_o some_o â—…xact_a order_n by_o the_o hypothesis_n now_o in_o use_n i_o â—…ould_v then_o try_v what_o may_v be_v do_v without_o they_o and_o that_o this_o may_v possible_o be_v effect_v he_o bring_v this_o for_o his_o reason_n because_o that_o he_o have_v read_v that_o the_o egyptians_n have_v ancient_o a_o most_o easy_a and_o facile_a way_n and_o method_n in_o their_o astronomy_n and_o therefore_o see_v that_o this_o way_n of_o computation_n by_o hypothesis_n be_v very_o intricate_a and_o difficult_a it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o they_o have_v a_o more_o plain_a and_o compendious_a way_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o star_n and_o that_o without_o they_o but_o i_o oppose_v he_o herein_o show_v withal_o that_o it_o be_v altogether_o impossible_a that_o the_o celestial_a apparenâ—…es_n shall_v be_v reduce_v into_o any_o certain_a order_n or_o science_n so_o as_o to_o be_v understand_v without_o the_o helpâ—…_n of_o hypothesis_n and_o that_o this_o facility_n of_o the_o egyptians_n be_v only_o in_o the_o aequator_n of_o the_o planet_n whereby_o they_o free_v themselves_o from_o all_o tedious_a supputation_n whereas_o the_o ease_n and_o facile_a use_n of_o the_o ephemerides_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o bring_v to_o light_n but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o think_v otherwise_o a_o man_n of_o a_o excellent_a apprehension_n and_o wit_n and_o a_o great_a lover_n of_o the_o truth_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v so_o thorough_o acquaint_v with_o the_o hide_a secret_n of_o this_o intricate_a science_n and_o consider_v not_o that_o the_o course_n of_o the_o heavenly_a bodiâ—…s_n do_v not_o keep_v a_o constant_a period_n at_o any_o set_a time_n i_o neither_o can_v nor_o indeed_o desire_v to_o get_v any_o thing_n of_o he_o in_o this_o matter_n he_o have_v many_o sectary_n at_o this_o day_n who_o have_v a_o strong_a faith_n of_o the_o possibility_n of_o this_o thing_n but_o such_o they_o be_v that_o neither_o understand_v the_o matter_n themselves_o nor_o will_v ever_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v it_o to_o any_o effect_n for_o see_v that_o all_o thing_n consist_v in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n without_o these_o there_o be_v noâ—…_n any_o thing_n in_o this_o visible_a world_n that_o can_v be_v explain_v or_o understand_v now_o the_o office_n of_o these_o hypothesis_n be_v only_o to_o show_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n by_o circle_n and_o other_o figure_n which_o be_v again_o resolve_v into_o number_n by_o arithmetic_n without_o which_o whosoever_o shall_v think_v to_o attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n he_o may_v be_v say_v to_o invoke_v fortune_n as_o the_o proverb_n be_v and_o dream_n of_o some_o strange_a incorporeal_a and_o more_o than_o seraphical_a way_n above_o the_o reach_n of_o humane_a capacity_n beside_o the_o body_n of_o the_o globe_n itself_o and_o those_o â—…hings_n which_o we_o have_v say_v to_o be_v thereon_o inscribe_v there_o be_v also_o annex_v a_o certain_a frame_n with_o necessary_a instrument_n thereto_o belong_v which_o we_o shall_v declare_v in_o order_n the_o fabric_n of_o his_o frame_n be_v thus_o first_o of_o all_o there_o be_v a_o base_a or_o foot_n to_o rest_v upon_o on_o which_o there_o be_v raise_v perpendicular_o six_o c_o pillar_n b_o or_o a_o column_n of_o equal_a length_n and_o distance_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o which_o there_o be_v fasten_v to_o a_o level_n and_o parallel_v to_o the_o base_a a_o round_a plate_n or_o circle_n of_o wood_n of_o a_o sufficient_a breadth_n and_o thickness_n which_o they_o call_v the_o horizon_n because_o that_o the_o uppermost_a superficies_n thereof_o horizon_n perform_v the_o office_n of_o the_o true_a horizon_n for_o it_o be_v so_o place_v that_o it_o divide_v the_o whole_a globe_n â—…nto_o two_o equal_a part_n whereof_o that_o which_o 〈◊〉_d uppermost_o represent_v unto_o we_o the_o visible_a â—…emisphaere_n and_o the_o other_o that_o which_o be_v hide_v â—…omus_fw-la so_o likewise_o that_o circle_n which_o diviâ—…es_v that_o part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o we_o â—…ee_v from_o â—…hat_o other_o which_o we_o see_v not_o be_v call_v the_o horiâ—…on_n and_o that_o point_n which_o be_v direct_o over_o our_o â—…eads_n in_o our_o hemisphere_n and_o be_v
on_o every_o side_n â—…quidistant_n from_o the_o horzion_n be_v common_o â—…ailed_v zenith_n but_o the_o arabian_n name_v it_o seâ—…th_v but_o the_o former_a corrupt_a name_n have_v yet_o â—…revailed_v so_o that_o it_o be_v always_o use_v among_o wriâ—…ers_n general_o and_o that_o point_n which_o be_v oppoâ—…ite_a to_o it_o in_o the_o low_a hemisphere_n the_o arabiansâ—…all_a â—…all_z nathire_n but_o it_o be_v common_o write_v nadir_n these_o two_o point_n be_v call_v also_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o horizon_n furtheremore_n upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o hoâ—…izon_n in_o a_o material_a globe_n there_o be_v describe_v first_o the_o twelve_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la and_o â—…ach_v of_o these_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o twenty_o lesser_a portion_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a horizon_n be_v divide_v â—…nto_o 360._o part_n which_o they_o also_o call_v degree_n and_o if_o every_o degree_n be_v diuâ—…ded_v into_o sixty_o part_n â—…lso_o each_o of_o they_o be_v call_v a_o scruple_n or_o minute_n and_o so_o by_o the_o like_a subdivision_n of_o minutâ—…â—…nto_n fixty_n part_n will_v arise_v second_o and_o of_o these_o three_o and_o likewise_o four_o hâ—…_n and_o fifths_o etc._n etc._n by_o the_o like_a partition_n still_o of_o each_o into_o â—…xty_a part_n pont_n in_o the_o midst_n among_o these_o sign_n be_v there_o describe_v certain_a character_n to_o denote_v the_o particular_a planet_n to_o who_o dominion_n each_o sigâ—…_n do_v appertain_v next_o to_o this_o there_o be_v another_o section_n wherein_o be_v set_v down_o the_o several_a dayâ—…_n of_o every_o week_n after_o that_o follow_v the_o number_n of_o the_o day_n of_o every_o month_n throughout_o thâ—…_n whole_a year_n beside_o this_o number_n of_o the_o dayâ—…s_n each_o of_o they_o have_v in_o their_o several_a order_n some_o one_o of_o these_o three_o letter_n affix_v k._n n._n i._n signify_v the_o kalend_n nones_n and_o ides_n which_o term_n the_o ancient_a roman_n use_v in_o their_o account_n to_o signâ—…_n fie_o the_o day_n of_o every_o month_n for_o they_o do_v 〈◊〉_d reckon_v as_o we_o do_v now_o from_o the_o first_o day_n of_o every_o month_n to_o the_o 30._o or_o 31._o of_o the_o same_o but_o their_o account_n be_v according_a to_o the_o kalende_n noneâ—…_n and_o ides_n so_o that_o the_o first_o of_o each_o month_n wâ—…_n the_o kalend_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o day_n of_o the_o same_o month_n be_v not_o reckon_v forward_o but_o after_o a_o retrograde_a manner_n as_o for_o example_n the_o last_o day_n of_o december_n with_o we_o be_v the_o 31._o they_o call_v the_o second_o of_o the_o kalend_n or_o january_n and_o the_o 30._o of_o the_o same_o month_n the_o three_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o january_n thus_o reckon_v backward_o till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o ides_n which_o be_v the_o fourteen_o of_o december_n and_o the_o nineteen_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o january_n the_o like_a order_n they_o observe_v in_o the_o ides_n and_o nones_n also_o now_o what_o month_n 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to_o twelve_o and_o at_o â—…ength_n they_o bring_v it_o to_o twenty_o four_o as_o 〈◊〉_d be_v note_n and_o now_o these_o latertime_n haâ—…e_v â—…ade_v they_o up_o thirty_o two_o the_o name_n whereoâ—…_n â—…oth_v in_o english_a and_o latin_a be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o â—…he_a horizon_n of_o material_a globe_n pont_n the_o true_a horizon_n be_v either_o rational_a or_o sensible_a the_o rational_a or_o intelligible_a horizoâ—…_n divide_v the_o the_o sphere_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n exact_o and_o these_o be_v call_v the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a hemisphaere_n the_o sensible_a or_o apparent_a horizon_n be_v sâ—…_n call_v because_o it_o only_o seem_v to_o divide_v the_o heaven_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n or_o hemisphaere_n whereas_o indeed_o it_o do_v not_o divide_v it_o so_o exact_o but_o only_o seem_v so_o to_o do_v the_o rational_a horizon_n be_v also_o call_v the_o artificial_a because_o that_o it_o be_v bring_v in_o for_o the_o use_n of_o astronomy_n the_o use_n of_o the_o 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the_o sun_n in_o the_o equinoctial_a from_o 90._o degree_n the_o remainder_n show_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n as_o for_o example_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o noon_n when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o aequinoxe_n be_v about_o 38._o degree_n with_o we_o here_o at_o london_n which_o be_v deduct_v out_o of_o 90._o there_o remain_v 52._o which_o be_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n with_o we_o so_o at_o rome_n the_o equinoctial_a altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v about_o 48._o degree_n which_o be_v substract_v from_o 90_o degree_n which_o be_v a_o quadrant_n there_o remain_v 42._o for_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o two_o opposite_a point_n of_o this_o meridian_n be_v fasten_v the_o two_o end_n of_o aâ—…_n iron_n pin_n pass_v through_o the_o body_n of_o the_o globe_n and_o its_o centre_n axis_n one_o of_o which_o end_n be_v call_v the_o arctic_a oâ—…_n north_n pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o other_o the_o antarctick_a or_o south_n pole_n and_o the_o pin_n itself_o be_v call_v the_o axis_n for_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n be_v the_o diameter_n about_o which_o it_o be_v turn_v and_o the_o extreme_a end_n of_o the_o axis_n be_v call_v the_o pole_n to_o either_o of_o these_o pole_n when_o need_n shall_v require_v there_o be_v a_o certain_a brass_n circle_n or_o ring_n of_o a_o reasonable_a strong_a make_n to_o be_v fasten_v which_o circle_n be_v divide_v into_o 24._o equal_a part_n according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n &_o night_n and_o it_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o houre-circle_n and_o this_o circle_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n houre-circle_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o that_o the_o section_n where_o 12._o be_v describe_v â—…ay_o precise_o agree_v with_o the_o point_n of_o mid_a day_n and_o midnight_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o tâ—…ue_a meridian_n there_o be_v also_o another_o little_a pin_n or_o stile_n to_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o axis_n in_o the_o 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be_v come_v to_o the_o eastern_a side_n of_o the_o horizon_n which_o do_v the_o index_n will_v point_v out_o the_o hour_n of_o his_o rise_n and_o if_o you_o turn_v it_o about_o to_o the_o west_n side_n you_o shall_v in_o like_a manner_n have_v the_o hour_n of_o his_o set_n there_o be_v also_o belong_v to_o the_o meridian_n a_o quadrant_n of_o altitude_n be_v make_v of_o a_o long_a thin_a plate_n of_o steel_n or_o brass_n and_o fashion_v crooked_a so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o convexs_n superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n and_o have_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o circle_n in_o length_n and_o this_o quadrant_n be_v make_v in_o such_o a_o sort_n as_o that_o altitude_n it_o may_v be_v fasten_v on_o the_o meridian_n and_o so_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o zenith_n of_o any_o place_n whatsoever_o be_v divide_v from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o into_o 90._o equal_a part_n or_o degree_n there_o be_v beside_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o globe_n a_o mariner_n compass_n place_v 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whole_a aequator_fw-la artificial_a make_v a_o full_a revolution_n and_o this_o be_v do_v in_o 24._o hour_n a_o artificâ—…all_a day_n be_v the_o space_n wherein_o the_o sun_n be_v passiâ—…g_v through_o our_o upper_a hemisphere_n to_o which_o be_v oppose_v the_o artificial_a night_n while_o thâ—…_n sun_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o the_o low_a hemisphere_n so_o that_o a_o artificial_a day_n and_o night_n be_v comprehenâ—…ed_v within_o a_o natural_a day_n the_o part_n of_o a_o dav_fw-mi be_v call_v hour_n which_o be_v either_o equal_a or_o unequal_a a_o equal_a hour_n be_v the_o 24._o part_n of_o a_o natural_a day_n in_o which_o unâ—…quall_a space_n 15._o dâ—…grees_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la do_v always_o rise_v and_o as_o mâ—…ny_n be_v depreâ—…ied_v on_o the_o opposite_a part_n a_o unequal_a hour_n be_v the_o 12._o part_n of_o a_o artificial_a day_n betwâ—…xt_v the_o â—…ime_n of_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v again_o thâ—…se_a hour_n be_v again_o divide_v into_o minute_n now_o a_o minute_n be_v the_o 60._o part_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o which_o space_n of_o time_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o degree_n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la that_o be_v 15._o minute_n do_v â—…ise_a and_o aâ—…_n many_o set_v pont_n the_o use_n of_o the_o aequâ—…tor_n consist_v chief_o in_o these_o thing_n first_o it_o show_v the_o time_n of_o the_o aequinox_n which_o be_v always_o when_o the_o sun_n faly_n upon_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n and_o this_o be_v when_o as_o the_o sun_n enter_v into_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n and_o libra_n according_a to_o that_o of_o manilâ—…us_n libra_n ariesque_fw-la parem_fw-la reddunt_fw-la noctemque_fw-la diemque_fw-la in_o english_a thus_o the_o sun_n in_o libra_n and_o aries_n place_v each_o year_n the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v equal_a every_o where_o second_o â—…he_v aequator_fw-la divide_v the_o heaven_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n or_o hemisphaere_n whereof_o one_o be_v call_v the_o septeutrionall_a or_o northern_a hemisphere_n the_o other_o the_o meridional_a or_o southern_a three_o it_o show_v the_o ascension_n and_o descension_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o zodiac_n whence_o the_o length_n of_o the_o artificial_a day_n and_o night_n for_o any_o position_n of_o sphere_n may_v be_v know_v fouâ—…thly_a 〈◊〉_d show_v what_o star_n and_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a have_v any_o declination_n the_o aequator_fw-la be_v cross_v or_o cut_v in_o two_o opposite_a point_n by_o a_o oblique_a circle_n which_o be_v call_v the_o zodiac_n the_o obliquity_n of_o this_o circle_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v first_o observe_v by_o anaximander_n milesius_n in_o the_o 58._o olympiad_n as_o pliny_n write_v in_o hiâ—…_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 8_o who_o also_o in_o the_o same_o place_n affiâ—…mes_v that_o it_o be_v first_o divide_v into_o 12_o part_n which_o they_o call_v sign_n by_o cleostretus_fw-la tenedius_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o we_o see_v it_o at_o this_o day_n each_o of_o these_o sign_n be_v again_o subdivide_v into_o 30._o part_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a zodiac_n be_v divide_v in_o all_o into_o 360._o part_n like_v as_o the_o orhe_a circle_n be_v the_o first_o twelve_o part_n whereof_o beginning_n at_o the_o vernal_a intersection_n when_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o zodiack_n cross_v each_o other_o it_o assign_v to_o aries_n the_o second_o to_o taurus_n etc._n etc._n reckon_n from_o west_n to_o east_n but_o here_o a_o young_a beginner_n in_o astronomy_n may_v just_o doubt_v what_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o first_o 30._o degree_n or_o 12_o part_n of_o the_o zodiac_n be_v attribute_v to_o aries_n whereas_o the_o first_o star_n of_o aries_n fall_v short_a of_o the_o intersection_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o zodiac_n no_o less_o than_o 27._o degree_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v because_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o
sour_a solstice_n two_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o their_o zenith_n and_o aequinoctiâ—…ll_a point_n and_o two_o collateral_a when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o solsticiall_a point_n six_o they_o have_v two_o summer_n every_o year_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o aequinoctioll_n point_v and_o two_o as_o it_o be_v winter_n when_o the_o sun_n decline_v to_o either_o tropiqu_n '_o seven_o they_o have_v five_o different_a kind_n of_o shadow_n to_o wit_n eastward_o westward_o northward_o southward_o and_o perpendicular_a and_o therefore_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o zone_n be_v call_v amphiscij_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v have_v their_o shadow_n cast_v on_o both_o side_n the_o property_n os_fw-la those_o that_o inhabit_v towards_o the_o utmost_a border_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o be_v os_fw-la the_o northern_a temperate_a whiâ—…h_o have_v a_o oblique_a sphere_n for_o the_o arctique_a pole_n with_o they_o be_v elevate_v twenty_o three_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a and_o their_o zenith_n fall_v the_o on_o the_o troqiâ—…ue_n of_o cancer_n be_v these_o follow_v fiâ—…st_a all_o those_o star_n that_o be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o arctique_a circle_n be_v always_o above_o the_o horizon_n and_o contrariwise_o those_o within_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o acctique_fw-la always_o lie_v hide_v but_o if_o the_o intermediate_v star_n those_o that_o be_v northward_o from_o the_o aeqnator_n or_o a_o long_a time_n above_o the_o horizon_n than_o they_o be_v under_o it_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o other_o that_o decline_v more_o southward_o their_o nocturnal_a arch_n be_v great_a than_o the_o diurnal_a only_o those_o in_o the_o line_n itself_o do_v rise_v and_o set_v in_o a_o equal_a space_n of_o time_n second_o their_o artificial_a day_n and_o night_n be_v unequal_a three_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o their_o zenith_n but_o once_o in_o the_o year_n and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n so_o that_o it_o never_o ascend_v more_o northward_o but_o at_o all_o other_o time_n be_v southward_o to_o they_o four_o they_o have_v two_o solstice_n one_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n which_o be_v their_o vertical_a point_n and_o the_o other_o when_o the_o sun_n enter_v into_o the_o begin_n of_o capricorn_n at_o which_o time_n the_o sun_n have_v the_o least_o elevation_n five_o they_o have_v also_o but_o one_o summer_n and_o one_o winter_n they_o have_v four_o difference_n of_o shadow_n namely_o eastern_a western_a northern_a and_o perpendicular_a and_o here_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o the_o heteroscij_fw-la they_o that_o dwell_v on_o the_o oblique_a sphere_n so_o that_o the_o arctique_a pole_n be_v elevate_v with_o they_o above_o 23._o degree_n a_o a_o half_a but_o less_o than_o 66._o degree_n and_o a_o half_a their_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n always_o fall_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o arctique_a circle_n whence_o they_o have_v these_o property_n first_o very_o many_o star_n with_o they_o be_v never_o observe_v to_o set_v for_o the_o high_a the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v the_o more_o star_n there_o be_v which_o always_o appear_v and_o so_o in_o like_a manner_n there_o be_v as_o many_o in_o the_o opposite_a haemisphaere_n that_o never_o rise_v second_o their_o artificial_a date_n and_o night_n be_v equal_a three_o the_o sun_n be_v never_o in_o their_o vertical_a point_n but_o be_v always_o at_o noon_n southward_o from_o they_o four_o they_o have_v one_o summer_n and_o one_o winter_n and_o two_o solstice_n five_o they_o have_v also_o three_o different_a kind_n of_o shadow_n as_o namely_o eastward_o westward_o and_o northward_o whence_o they_o be_v call_v heteroscij_fw-la those_o that_o inhabit_v about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n have_v the_o pole_n arctique_a elevate_v with_o they_o 66._o degree_n and_o a_o half_a so_o that_o their_o zenith_n fall_v on_o the_o arctique_a circle_n whence_o they_o have_v these_o property_n of_o sphere_n 1._o all_o the_o star_n that_o lie_v within_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o pole_n arctique_a be_v of_o perpetual_a apparition_n and_o contrariwise_o those_o that_o be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o opposite_a circle_n be_v never_o see_v to_o rise_v 2._o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n the_o artificial_a day_n be_v with_o they_o twenty_o four_o hour_n in_o length_n and_o so_o likewise_o when_o the_o sun_n enter_v into_o capricorn_n the_o night_n be_v as_o long_o 3._o the_o sun_n at_o noon_n be_v always_o southward_o to_o they_o but_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n and_o be_v near_o the_o very_a horizon_n he_o than_o seem_v in_o a_o manner_n to_o be_v northward_o 4._o they_o have_v two_o solstice_n and_o one_o summer_n and_o one_o winter_n 5._o they_o have_v four_o difference_n of_o shadow_n as_o namely_o eastern_a western_a southern_a and_o northern_a also_o especial_o when_o the_o sun_n enter_v into_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n about_o these_o part_n the_o heteroscij_fw-la end_n and_o the_o periscij_fw-la begin_v those_o that_o inhabit_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o northern_a frigid_a zone_n have_v a_o parallel_n or_o stand_a sphere_n for_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v their_o horizon_n whence_o they_o have_v consequent_o these_o property_n 1._o no_o star_n either_o rise_n be_v set_v at_o all_o but_o whatsoever_o be_v circumscribe_v within_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n and_o the_o very_a pole_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o circle_n parallel_n both_o to_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o horizon_n 2._o for_o the_o space_n os_fw-la 6._o month_n they_o have_v one_o continue_a day_n the_o sun_n in_o this_o space_n finish_v his_o course_n through_o the_o northern_a sign_n of_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la and_o so_o likewise_o while_o he_o be_v in_o the_o opposite_a meridional_a sign_n they_o have_v a_o night_n of_o the_o same_o length_n 3._o they_o have_v but_o one_o solstice_n and_o that_o be_v when_o the_o sun_n enter_v into_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n 4._o they_o have_v one_o winter_n and_o one_o summer_n or_o rather_o instead_o of_o a_o summer_n they_o have_v some_o certain_a small_a remission_n of_o the_o extremity_n of_o cold_a 5._o their_o shadow_n be_v carry_v round_o about_o they_o in_o à _fw-fr circle_n towards_o every_o part_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o they_o be_v call_v periscij_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v have_v their_o shadow_n carry_v round_o about_o in_o a_o circular_a form_n these_o be_v the_o property_n of_o the_o northern_a zone_n which_o if_o they_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o opposite_a meridional_a part_n also_o you_o have_v their_o property_n likewise_o for_o whatsoever_o be_v say_v of_o one_o hemisphere_n the_o same_o be_v also_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o other_o opposite_a hemisphere_n only_o in_o a_o contrary_a sense_n for_o when_o these_o that_o dwell_v in_o the_o septentrional_a hemisphere_n have_v their_o long_a day_n the_o opposite_a inhabitant_n in_o the_o meridional_a part_n of_o the_o world_n have_v their_o short_a and_o when_o they_o have_v their_o summer_n with_o those_o it_o be_v then_o winter_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o same_o be_v also_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o other_o accident_n also_o concern_v their_o shadow_n the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n and_o the_o liâ—…e_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o perioeci_n antoeci_n and_o antipode_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n have_v by_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n be_v divide_v in_o respect_n either_o of_o the_o same_o meridian_n or_o parallel_n or_o else_o equal_a situation_n in_o respect_n of_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o such_o sort_n as_o that_o to_o every_o habitation_n in_o these_o several_a part_n they_o have_v add_v three_o other_o different_a in_o position_n who_o inhabitant_n they_o call_v perioeci_n antoeci_n and_o antipode_n perioeci_n be_v those_o that_o live_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n and_o the_o same_o parallel_n also_o be_v equal_a distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o in_o two_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o same_o parallel_n antoeci_n be_v such_o as_o have_v the_o same_o meridian_n but_o live_v in_o diverse_a parallel_n yet_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la though_o in_o diverse_a part_n antipode_n which_o be_v callâ—…d_a antichthones_n be_v such_o as_o inhabit_v under_o one_o meridian_n but_o under_o two_o diverse_a parallel_n which_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o in_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o same_o or_o else_o we_o may_v define_v they_o to_o be_v such_o as_o inhabit_v two_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v diametrical_o opposite_a they_o therefore_o which_o be_v perioeci_n in_o respect_n of_o we_o be_v antoeci_n to_o our_o antipode_n &_o those_o that_o be_v antoeci_n to_o we_o be_v perioeci_n to_o our_o antipode_n and_o our_o perioeci_n be_v antipode_n to_o those_o which_o be_v antoeci_n to_o we_o we_o have_v also_o many_o
53._o of_o the_o six_o 9_o and_o one_o cloudy_a one_o all_o which_o be_v in_o the_o general_a 316._o now_o the_o whole_a firmament_n reckon_v in_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a hemi_a phaere_n together_o with_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la coâ—…taineth_v in_o all_o 1022._o star_n which_o make_v up_o 48_o asteâ—…ismes_n or_o constellation_n neither_o do_v either_o ptolemy_n or_o hipparchus_n before_o he_o know_v any_o more_o than_o these_o notwithstanding_o pliny_n as_o our_o author_n have_v advertise_v before_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n make_v the_o number_n of_o star_n and_o constellation_n a_o great_a deal_n large_a but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v speâ—…k_v more_o in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o next_o chapter_n and_o concern_v those_o constellation_n which_o have_v be_v more_o late_o observe_v about_o the_o south_n pole_n by_o the_o portugal_n and_o hollander_n and_o by_o they_o name_v we_o intend_v to_o speak_v something_o in_o the_o end_n of_o tâ—…o_o chapter_n follow_v chap._n vii_o of_o the_o star_n which_o be_v not_o express_v in_o the_o globe_n beside_o these_o star_n which_o we_o have_v here_o reckon_v up_o out_o of_o ptolemy_n there_o be_v yet_o many_o other_o to_o be_v see_v sometime_o especial_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n in_o a_o clear_a night_n when_o as_o there_o be_v both_o many_o more_o star_n to_o be_v see_v then_o at_o other_o ime_n and_o those_o that_o be_v see_v appear_v by_o much_o great_a now_o if_o you_o expect_v that_o we_o shall_v assign_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o we_o may_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v beside_o the_o intention_n of_o our_o present_a purpose_n yet_o for_o your_o satisfaction_n and_o because_o that_o some_o auâ—…hors_n have_v very_o much_o err_v from_o the_o right_n in_o set_v down_o the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o same_o we_o do_v therefore_o the_o more_o willing_o make_v this_o digression_n for_o some_o there_o be_v who_o out_o of_o the_o extraordinary_a knowledge_n they_o have_v in_o philosophy_n and_o opticke_n will_v very_o willing_o persuade_v we_o that_o either_o we_o conceive_v they_o to_o be_v more_o than_o indeed_o they_o be_v and_o that_o our_o sense_n only_o be_v deceive_v or_o else_o which_o be_v altogether_o as_o ridiculous_a that_o the_o air_n be_v in_o winter_n more_o pure_a and_o thin_a make_v they_o more_o conspicuous_a which_o otherwise_o in_o the_o summer_n when_o the_o air_n be_v more_o gross_a do_v altogetherlye_o hide_v and_o this_o be_v a_o error_n which_o i_o do_v not_o so_o much_o blame_v in_o other_o as_o i_o wonder_v at_o iâ—…_n in_o johannes_n de_fw-la benedictis_fw-la that_o so_o great_a a_o mathematician_n as_o he_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v shall_v be_v lead_v away_o with_o so_o gross_a a_o error_n for_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v altogether_o otherwise_o and_o clean_o contrary_a for_o for_o that_o very_a cause_n that_o the_o air_n be_v more_o gross_a and_o thick_a the_o star_n therefore_o do_v appear_v more_o and_o great_a which_o opinion_n of_o we_o be_v confirm_v both_o out_o of_o principal_n of_o the_o optiâ—…s_n and_o also_o by_o the_o sense_n of_o itself_o experience_n and_o authority_n of_o learned_a writer_n for_o first_o that_o the_o ray_n be_v refract_v through_o a_o gross_a medium_fw-la and_o diffuse_v as_o it_o be_v in_o certain_a canales_n do_v represent_v the_o image_n of_o the_o object_n great_a than_o indeed_o it_o be_v be_v plain_o affirm_v and_o that_o accordiong_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o opticke_n by_o strabo_n himself_o out_o oâ—…_n posidonius_n and_o that_o through_o perspicil_z oâ—…_n spâ—…ctacles_n thing_n appear_v more_o and_o 〈◊〉_d â—…hen_o otherwise_o they_o will_v be_v a_o thing_n well_o know_v to_o the_o most_o ignorant_a cleomodes_n also_o say_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v see_v by_o any_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o deep_a well_o sâ—…emes_v grâ—…ater_a then_o when_o he_o be_v see_v from_o above_o and_o â—…hat_o by_o reason_n of_o â—…he_a moistness_n and_o 〈◊〉_d â—…f_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o well_o and_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o see_v the_o sun_n through_o stone_n wall_n or_o other_o solid_a body_n as_o the_o old_a poet_n fabulous_o report_v of_o lynceus_n he_o will_v seem_v much_o big_a than_o he_o be_v as_o posidonius_n right_o teach_v and_o hence_o be_v it_o say_v strabo_n that_o we_o see_v the_o sun_n always_o greâ—…ter_v at_o his_o rise_n and_o set_v especial_o to_o those_o that_o be_v at_o sea_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o say_v that_o he_o appear_v ten_o time_n great_a than_o he_o be_v as_o it_o be_v report_v he_o do_v in_o india_n out_o of_o the_o excerpt_n of_o etesias_n his_o indian_a hâ—…stories_n much_o less_o that_o he_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o hundred_o time_n great_a than_o he_o be_v in_o other_o place_n as_o he_o be_v feighn_v by_o artemidorus_n to_o be_v at_o his_o set_n to_o those_o that_o inhabit_v a_o promontory_n in_o the_o outmost_a part_n of_o spain_n which_o he_o call_v promontorium_n sacrum_n but_o be_v just_o tax_v for_o the_o same_o by_o posidonius_n alsraganus_fw-la will_v have_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o to_o be_v for_o that_o the_o vapour_n which_o be_v exhale_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o elevate_v into_o the_o air_n and_o so_o interpose_v be_v betwixt_o our_o sight_n and_o the_o sun_n at_o his_o rise_n or_o set_v do_v make_v he_o appear_v greateâ—…_n than_o he_o be_v the_o same_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o strabo_n and_o cleomedes_n also_o out_o of_o posidâ—…nius_n neither_o do_v this_o differ_v much_o from_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o best_a of_o our_o opticall_a writer_n but_o of_o this_o enough_o there_o be_v also_o observe_v many_o star_n in_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o because_o they_o can_v not_o be_v see_v by_o our_o artist_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n we_o have_v therefore_o no_o certain_a knowledge_n leave_v we_o concern_v the_o same_o so_o in_o like_a manner_n among_o those_o which_o we_o have_v hitherto_o speak_v of_o many_o of_o they_o can_v be_v see_v by_o those_o that_o inhabit_v any_o whit_n near_o the_o north_n pole_n but_o concern_v those_o star_n that_o appear_v about_o the_o south_n pole_n of_o the_o world_n i_o will_v here_o set_v you_o down_o a_o very_a admirable_a story_n which_o franciscus_n patricius_n senensis_n relate_v in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o nova_fw-la philosophia_fw-la out_o of_o the_o navigation_n of_o americus_n vespuccius_n and_o it_o be_v thuâ—…_n coelum_fw-la decentissimè_fw-la exornatur_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o heaven_n say_v he_o mean_v about_o the_o antarctique_a pole_n be_v various_o adorn_v with_o divers_a constellation_n which_o can_v be_v see_v here_o with_o we_o among_o which_o i_o do_v verywell_o remember_v that_o i_o reckon_v very_o near_o twenty_o which_o be_v as_o fair_a and_o bright_a as_o venus_n and_o jupiter_n here_o with_o we_o and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o say_v i_o be_v certain_a therefore_o that_o these_o star_n be_v of_o great_a magnitude_n than_o any_o man_n can_v conceive_v and_o especial_o three_o canobi_n which_o i_o see_v and_o observe_v two_o whereof_o be_v very_o bright_a one_o but_o the_o three_o be_v somewhat_o obscure_a and_o nothâ—…g_v like_o the_o rest_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o proceed_v but_o the_o pole_n itself_o be_v encompass_v about_o with_o three_o star_n which_o represent_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o right-angled_n triangle_n among_o which_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n be_v in_o circumference_n 9_o gr_n and_o a_o half_a and_o when_o these_o â—…ise_n there_o appear_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o they_o another_o bright_a canobus_n of_o notable_a magnâ—…tude_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o say_v after_o these_o there_o follow_v three_o other_o very_a fair_a star_n the_o middlemost_a of_o which_o have_v in_o diameter_n 12._o degree_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o the_o midst_n among_o these_o there_o be_v see_v another_o canobus_n after_o this_o there_o follow_v 6._o other_o bright_a star_n which_o excel_v all_o the_o other_o star_n in_o the_o eight_o sphere_n for_o brightness_n the_o middlemost_a of_o they_o have_v 32._o gr_n in_o diameter_n these_o star_n be_v accompany_v by_o another_o great_a but_o dark_a canobus_n all_o which_o star_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o milky_a way_n to_o this_o he_o add_v out_o of_o corsalius_n his_o that_o follow_v andrea_n corsalius_n also_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v two_o cloud_n of_o a_o reasonable_a brightness_n appear_v near_o the_o pole_n betwixt_o which_o there_o be_v a_o star_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n about_o a_o 11_o gr_n over_o which_o he_o say_v there_o be_v see_v a_o very_a admirable_a figure_n of_o a_o cross_n stand_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o 5._o star_n that_o compass_v it_o about_o with_o some_o certain_a other_o that_o move_v round_o about_o â—…ith_n it_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n about_o 30._o degree_n which_o be_v of_o so_o great_a
taprobane_n or_o at_o least_o to_o pass_v through_o the_o most_o southern_a part_n of_o the_o same_o but_o herein_o he_o betray_v his_o own_o notable_a ignorance_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o most_o southern_a part_n of_o this_o island_n be_v extend_v far_o beyond_o the_o aequator_fw-la as_o both_o ptolemy_n affirm_v in_o his_o geography_n lib._n 7_o cap._n 4._o and_o be_v further_o confirm_v by_o the_o late_a navigation_n of_o the_o portugal_n but_o dionysius_n afer_n be_v much_o far_o out_o of_o the_o way_n then_o so_o for_o he_o place_v taprobaâ—…_n under_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o these_o be_v the_o bound_n where_o with_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n terminate_v the_o then_o in_o habit_v part_n of_o the_o world_n but_o in_o these_o ripe_a time_n of_o we_o by_o the_o industry_n at_o sea_n both_o of_o the_o spaniard_n english_a and_o other_o the_o maritime_a coast_n of_o africa_n have_v be_v more_o thorough_o discover_v to_o above_o 35._o gr_n of_o southern_a latitude_n and_o the_o northern_a limit_n of_o europe_n have_v now_o be_v search_v into_o as_o far_o as_o the_o 73._o degree_n of_o northern_a latitude_n far_o within_o the_o arctic_a circle_n beside_o all_o that_o which_o have_v at_o length_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o new_a world_n beyond_o the_o hope_n or_o opinion_n of_o any_o of_o the_o ancient_n the_o name_n of_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o know_v to_o they_o america_n which_o for_o its_o spaciousness_n may_v well_o be_v call_v the_o other_o world_n extend_v itself_o beyond_o 52._o gr_n of_o southern_a latitude_n be_v there_o bound_a wiâ—…h_n the_o strait_n of_o magâ—…llane_n and_o towards_o the_o north_n it_o rune_v far_o within_o the_o arctique_a circle_n on_o which_o side_n also_o that_o it_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o sea_n the_o many_o navigatior_n of_o our_o countryman_n into_o these_o part_n do_v give_v strong_a argument_n of_o hope_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o speak_v of_o those_o sea_n coast_n which_o be_v beyond_o that_o sea_n that_o encompass_v about_o the_o most_o northern_a part_n of_o europe_n and_o asia_n as_o have_v be_v but_o only_o see_v afar_o off_o as_o yet_o and_o not_o thorough_o discover_v nor_n yet_o those_o other_o which_o be_v more_o southern_a than_o the_o indian_a and_o red_a sea_n which_o as_o yet_o we_o have_v not_o any_o experience_n to_o the_o contrary_a but_o that_o we_o may_v believe_v to_o be_v one_o continent_n with_o those_o other_o southern_a land_n that_o lie_v beyond_o the_o strait_o of_o magellane_n europe_n whether_o so_o call_v from_o europa_n tyria_n daughter_n of_o agenor_n as_o some_o think_v or_o phoenix_n as_o herodotus_n will_v have_v it_o or_o else_o from_o europa_n a_o sea_n nymph_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o hippias_n in_o eustathius_n or_o else_o from_o europus_n as_o nicias_n in_o the_o same_o eustathius_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o these_o principal_a region_n to_o wit_n spain_n france_n italy_n germany_n bohemia_n prussia_n rhaetia_n livonia_n sclavonia_n greece_n hungary_n polonia_n moscovia_n or_o russia_n norway_n sweden_n and_o denmark_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v the_o principal_a island_n as_o namely_o those_o of_o great_a britain_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v england_n and_o scotland_n ennoble_v chief_o by_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o english_a crown_n as_o also_o ireland_n which_o be_v in_o like_a manner_n subject_n to_o the_o same_o beside_o the_o azore_n and_o many_o other_o island_n scatter_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n as_o sicily_n sardinia_n crete_n etc._n etc._n pont_n in_o europe_n these_o thing_n be_v chief_o observable_a 1._o the_o most_o famous_a monarchy_n which_o be_v in_o it_o as_o namely_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n france_n great_a britain_n denmark_n swethland_n polonia_n and_o moscovia_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v the_o pope_n of_o rome_n who_o though_o he_o usurp_v not_o the_o title_n of_o a_o king_n yet_o be_v his_o power_n no_o whit_n inferior_a to_o they_o aâ—…_n also_o the_o great_a turk_n who_o at_o this_o day_n possess_v a_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n also_o 2._o the_o principal_a hill_n which_o be_v the_o alps_o divide_v italy_n from_o germany_n and_o france_n and_o also_o the_o pyrenoean_a hill_n sever_a spain_n sâ—…om_n france_n 3._o the_o noteable_a river_n as_o the_o daâ—…ow_n the_o rhine_n the_o ell_n the_o wetsell_n bortsthenes_n and_o tanais_n now_o call_v don._n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v the_o river_n tagus_n in_o spain_n the_o rhine_n and_o guarâ—…nn_n in_o france_n and_o thames_n in_o england_n last_o the_o principal_a commodity_n in_o europe_n be_v gold_n silver_n tin_n lead_v iron_n oil_n all_o kind_n of_o grain_n flax_n wool_n salt_n etc._n etc._n africa_n whether_o it_o be_v so_o call_v from_o apher_n one_o of_o hercules_n his_o companion_n in_o his_o expedition_n against_o geryon_n according_a to_o eustathius_n or_o else_o from_o one_o iphricus_n a_o certain_a king_n of_o the_o arabian_n whence_o also_o it_o be_v call_v in_o arabic_a iphricia_n as_o johannes_n leo_n testify_v or_o lasty_a from_o its_o scorch_a heat_n as_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d quasi_fw-la sine_fw-la frigore_fw-la as_o some_o be_v please_v to_o derive_v it_o have_v in_o it_o these_o principal_a region_n first_o of_o all_o next_o to_o the_o strait_o of_o gibraltar_n ancient_o call_v fretum_n gaditanum_n there_o lie_v barbary_n heretofore_o call_v mauritania_n which_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_n fez._n algiers_n and_o tunis_n next_o to_o barbary_n lie_v egypt_n which_o also_o border_v upon_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n now_o within_o barbary_n towards_o the_o continent_n there_o lie_v biledulgerid_n know_v to_o the_o ancient_n by_o the_o name_n of_o numidia_n the_o 3_o be_v that_o part_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n and_o latin_n lybia_n but_o the_o arabian_n name_v it_o sarra_n after_o this_o follow_v the_o country_n of_o the_o negro_n so_o call_v because_o they_o border_n upon_o the_o river_n niger_n or_o else_o from_o their_o colour_n this_o country_n be_v now_o usual_o call_v senaga_n and_o it_o have_v in_o it_o many_o petty_a kingdom_n as_o namely_o gualata_n guinea_n melli_fw-la tombutum_fw-la gagos_fw-es gubâ—…ris_n agade_n canos_fw-la casena_n zegzâ—…ga_n zanfarâ—…_n burnum_n gaoga_n nubia_n etc._n etc._n next_o othese_n be_v the_o spacious_a territory_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o aethtopian_a who_o be_v alâ—…o_o call_v pretegiani_fw-la and_o corrupt_o prester_n john_n which_o kingdom_n be_v famous_a for_o the_o long_a continuance_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o it_o which_o have_v be_v keep_v among_o they_o in_o a_o continual_a succession_n ever_o since_o the_o apostle_n time_n these_o christian_a be_v common_o call_v abyssine_n but_o more_o right_o habassine_n as_o arias_n montanus_n observe_v in_o the_o itinerary_n of_o benyamine_n tudelersis_n i_o hâ—…_n dominion_n be_v ancient_o extend_v very_o far_o through_o asia_n also_o these_o have_v border_v on_o the_o west_n some_o few_o obscure_a kingdom_n as_o manicongo_n and_o de_fw-fr angola_n and_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o south_n melinde_a quiloa_n mozambique_n and_o benamatapa_n the_o chief_a island_n that_o be_v situate_a near_o it_o be_v madagascur_v the_o canary_n island_n the_o isle_n of_o cape_n verd_fw-mi and_o s._n thomas_n island_n lie_v direct_o under_o the_o aequator_fw-la pont_n africa_n have_v these_o thing_n in_o it_o considerable_a 1._o it_o be_v great_a than_o europe_n but_o less_o than_o asia_n and_o less_o inhabit_v and_o civilizâ—…d_v then_o either_o 2_o it_o be_v bâ—…unded_v with_o the_o sea_n on_o all_o side_n saâ—…e_v onâ—…ly_o where_o it_o be_v be_v con_fw-mi terminat_fw-la with_o asia_n 3._o the_o principali_fw-la region_n of_o it_o be_v mauritania_n numidia_n libya_n cyrenaica_n egypt_n and_o aethiopia_n 4._o the_o mast_n famous_a kingdom_n be_v these_o morocco_z fez_n algiers_n and_o also_o that_o of_o prester_n john_n or_o aethiopia_n 5._o the_o great_a mountain_n be_v atlas_n and_o that_o other_o whence_o nilus_n spring_v 6._o the_o principal_a râ—…rs_n of_o nigar_n and_o nilus_n which_o be_v account_v to_o be_v the_o great_a in_o the_o world_n and_o as_o diodorus_n siculus_n affirm_v encompass_v 700._o island_n 7_o the_o principal_a merchandise_n of_o africa_n be_v ivory_n civet_n gold_n cotton_n wool_n jewel_n and_o certain_a kind_n of_o spice_n as_o also_o salt_n lion_n camel_n etc._n etc._n asia_n so_o call_v from_o asia_n the_o mother_n of_o prometheus_n as_o the_o common_a receive_v opinion_n be_v or_o else_o from_o a_o certain_a hero_n of_o that_o mane_n aâ—…_n hippias_n in_o eustathius_n will_v have_v it_o at_o this_o day_n whole_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o great_a turk_n and_o the_o persian_a as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o east_n indies_n the_o great_a part_n whereof_o be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o china_n &_o pegu._n but_o the_o
be_v thus_o note_v in_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o globe_n you_o must_v afterward_o translate_v they_o into_o your_o plain_n allot_v for_o your_o dial_n ground_n reckon_v in_o the_o circumference_n of_o it_o so_o many_o degree_n to_o each_o hour_n as_o be_v answerable_a to_o those_o point_v out_o by_o the_o colour_n in_o the_o horizon_n and_o last_o have_v thus_o do_v the_o gnomon_n or_o stile_n must_v be_v erect_v where_o you_o be_v to_o observe_v this_o one_o thing_n which_o be_v indeed_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o chief_a and_o only_a thing_n in_o this_o art_n to_o be_v careful_o look_v unto_o namely_o that_o that_o edge_n or_o line_n of_o the_o gnomon_n which_o be_v to_o show_v the_o hour_n by_o its_o shadow_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o dial_n must_v be_v set_v parallel_n to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n that_o so_o it_o may_v make_v a_o angle_n of_o inclination_n with_o its_o plain_a ground_n equal_a â—…o_o that_o which_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n make_v with_o the_o horizon_n now_o that_o the_o style_n be_v to_o stand_v direct_o to_o the_o north_n and_o south_n or_o in_o the_o meridian_n line_n be_v a_o thing_n so_o common_o know_v that_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o mention_v it_o and_o this_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o make_v a_o dial_n on_o a_o plain_a horizontall_a ground_n now_o if_o you_o will_v make_v a_o plain_a erect_a dial_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v common_o call_v a_o mural_a and_o respect_v either_o the_o north_n or_o south_n you_o must_v remember_v this_o one_o thing_n the_o ignorance_n whereof_o have_v drive_v those_o that_o common_o profess_v the_o art_n of_o dial_v into_o many_o trouble_n and_o difficulty_n this_o one_o thing_n i_o say_v be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o that_o which_o be_v a_o erect_a dial_n in_o one_o place_n will_v be_v a_o horizontall_a in_o another_o place_n who_o zenith_n be_v distant_a from_o that_o place_n 90._o degree_n either_o northward_o or_o southward_o as_o for_o example_n let_v there_o be_v a_o erect_a dial_n make_v for_o any_o place_n who_o latitude_n be_v 25._o gr_n this_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o make_v a_o horizontall_a dial_n for_o the_o latitude_n of_o 38_o degree_n and_o if_o there_o be_v a_o erect_a dial_n make_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o 27._o gr_n the_o same_o will_v be_v a_o horizontal_n dial_n for_o the_o latitude_n of_o 63_o degree_n the_o same_o proportion_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o rest_n and_o hence_o it_o manifest_o appear_v that_o a_o horizontal_n dial_n and_o a_o vertical_a be_v the_o same_o at_o the_o latitude_n of_o 45_o degree_n and_o so_o likewise_o by_o this_o rule_n may_v be_v make_v any_o manner_n of_o incline_v dial_n if_o so_o be_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o inclination_n be_v but_o know_v as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o dial_n be_v to_o be_v make_v on_o a_o plain_a ground_n who_o inclination_n be_v 10._o degree_n from_o the_o horizon_n southward_o and_o for_o a_o place_n who_o latitude_n be_v 52._o gr_n northward_o you_o must_v describe_v in_o that_o plain_a horizontall_a dial_n for_o the_o latitude_n of_o 62._o degree_n northward_o and_o if_o in_o the_o same_o latitude_n the_o dial_n ground_n do_v incline_v towards_o the_o north_n 16._o gr_n you_o must_v make_v a_o horizontall_a dial_n for_o the_o northern_a latitude_n of_o 36._o gr_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o the_o make_n of_o diall_n by_o the_o globe_n the_o five_o and_o last_o part._n of_o the_o rumbe_n that_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o their_o use_n those_o line_n which_o a_o ship_n follow_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n describe_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n petrus_n nonius_n call_v in_o latin_a rumbos_fw-mi borrow_v the_o apellation_n of_o his_o countryman_n the_o portugal_n which_o word_n since_o it_o be_v now_o general_o receive_v by_o learned_a writer_n to_o express_v they_o by_o we_o also_o will_v use_v the_o same_o these_o rumbe_n be_v describe_v in_o the_o globe_n either_o by_o great_a or_o lesser_a circle_n or_o by_o certain_a crooked_a wind_a liine_n but_o seaman_n be_v wont_a to_o express_v the_o same_o in_o their_o nautical_a chart_n by_o right_n line_n but_o this_o practice_n of_o they_o be_v clean_o repugnant_a to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o thing_n neither_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n be_v defend_v from_o error_n the_o invention_n of_o rumbe_n and_o practice_v of_o describe_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o globe_n be_v somewhat_o ancient_a petrus_n nonius_n have_v write_v much_o concern_v the_o use_n of_o they_o in_o two_o book_n which_o he_o intitule_v de_fw-fr navigandâ—…_n ratione_fw-la and_o mercator_n have_v also_o express_v they_o in_o his_o globe_n but_o the_o use_n of_o they_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o so_o well_o know_v to_o every_o body_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o not_o unfit_a to_o be_v the_o more_o large_a in_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o same_o begin_v therefore_o with_o the_o nature_n and_o original_n of_o they_o we_o shall_v afterward_o descend_v to_o the_o use_n there_o be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o they_o in_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n and_o first_o we_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o original_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o nautical_a index_n or_o compass_n which_o be_v very_o well_o know_v to_o be_v of_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o plain_a round_a box_n the_o circumference_n whereof_o be_v divide_v into_o 32._o equal_a part_n distinguish_v by_o certain_a right_a line_n pass_v through_o the_o centre_n thereof_o one_o point_n of_o it_o which_o that_o end_n of_o the_o needle_n that_o be_v touch_v with_o the_o magnet_n always_o respect_n be_v direct_v towards_o the_o north_n so_o that_o consequent_o the_o opposite_a point_n must_v necessary_o respect_v the_o south_n and_o so_o likewise_o all_o the_o other_o part_n in_o it_o have_v respect_n unto_o some_o certain_a fix_a point_n in_o the_o horizon_n for_o the_o compass_n must_v always_o be_v place_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n now_o i_o call_v these_o point_n fix_v only_o for_o doctrine_n sake_n not_o forget_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n beside_o that_o it_o do_v of_o it_o own_o nature_n decline_v in_o divers_a place_n from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o true_a meridian_n which_o be_v common_o call_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o divers_a country_n be_v also_o place_v after_o a_o divers_a manner_n in_o the_o compass_n for_o some_o there_o be_v that_o place_n it_o 5._o gr_n 37._o m._n more_o eastward_o then_o that_o point_n that_o answer_v to_o the_o north_n quarter_n of_o the_o world_n as_o do_v the_o spaniard_n and_o our_o englishman_n some_o place_n it_o 3._o gr_n and_o almost_o 18._o m._n decline_v from_o the_o north_n and_o some_o set_v it_o at_o 11._o gr_n 15._o minute_n distance_n from_o that_o point_n all_o which_o notwithstanding_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o needle_n always_o to_o look_v direct_o north_n 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