Selected quad for the lemma: world_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
world_n	circle_n	pass_v	pole_n	1,949	5	11.4508	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A80180	The lighting colomne or sea-mirrour containing the sea-coasts of the northern, eastern and western navigation: setting forth in divers necessarie sea-cards all the ports, rivers, bayes, roads, depths and sands ... With the discoveries of the chief countries, and on what cours and distance they lay one from another ... As also the situation of the northernly countries, as islands, the strate Davids, the isle of Ian-Mayen, Bear-Island, Old-Greenland, Spitsbergen and Nova Zembla ... Gathered out of the experience and practice of divers pilots and lovers of the famous art of navigation. By Jan van Loon. Whereunto is added a brief instruction of the art of navigation, together vvith nevv tables of the suns declination, also an almanack extending untill the yeare 1661.	Colom, Jacob Aertsz, 1599-1673.	1654 (1654)	Wing C5401A; ESTC R230954	549,120	428

of the Globe wee see the Starres as well on the one side as on the other in whatsoever part of the Heaven that it is alwayes of one greatenesse and it is found by experience that wee alwayes see the one half of the Heaven and the other halfe is hidden from our eyes from thence it appeares plainly according to the expression in the third Figure That the earth stands in the middle of the World From thence is likewise to bee marked that the Globe of the earth is no more to bee likened by the Heavens then a point without thicknesse for if the earth had any thicknesse in respect of Heaven wee should standing upon the earth by that reason not see halfe of the Heaven according to Demonstration of the 4 Figure The fourth Point Of the greatnesse of the Earth ALthough the Globe of the Earth as is sayd in respect of the extraordinary widenesse of the Heaven is no more then a point neverthelesse in respect of its selfe it is a greate body having in its Compasse 5400 dutch Miles And that is knowne by this meanes If you devide the whole Circkle of the Compasse of the earth into 360 parts or degrees and wee find as well by Navigation as by measuring of Land that such a Degree or part containeth fifteene such Dutch Miles 360 such part beeing multiplyed by fifteene make out 5400 Duth miles The fifth Point Of the Axis and Poles or Axepoints of the World IN the Globe of the World is imagined to bee a Line going from one Point on the side of the Spheare as a Diameter through the Center to another Point right against it on the other side That Line is called the Axis and the outermost-ends thereof or the foresayd Points the Poles or Axepoints of the World the one towards the North and is called the Northerne Pole and the other towards the South called the Southerne Pole Upon whichs Poles it is imagined that the Spheare is upon its Axeltree daily turned The Demonstrastion THE Line A.G.B. in this Figure going from the Point A through the Center G as a Diameter to the Point B right against it sheweth the Axel of the World and the Points A and B the Poles A to the North the Northerne and B to the South the Southerne Poles The Sixth Point Of the Aequinoctiall Line IN the middest of the Heavens every where equally distant from both the Poles is imagined a greate Circle dividing the whole Spheare into two equall parts which is called the Aequinoctial because when the Sonne commeth to or under that Cirkle which commeth to passe the 21 of March and the 23 of September the day and night are in all places of the Earth of an equall length The knowledge of this Cirkle is proffitable above all things in Navigation to know thereby how farr wee goe either to the Northwards or Southwards upon Earth thereby also is reckoned the time and hower of the day the Declination of the Sonn and Starrs and more other proffitable things Demonstration IN the foregoing Figure A and B the Poles of the World C D E F is the Equinoctiall Line in the middest of the Heaven equally distant from both the Poles A and B dividing the whole Spheare A C B E into two equall parts as C A E the Northerne and C B E the Southerne part from hence is to bee noted Seeing that the whole Compasse of the Heavens is divided into 360 degrees that the Poles stand from one another 180 degrees and betweene the Poles and the Aequinoctiall remaineth every where on both sides 90 degrees This Line is marked in the Sea-cards with a red Line from east to west through the beginning of the degrees according as they are reckoned as well towards the North as to the South The Seventh Point Of the Ecliptique Line THE Ecliptique Line lyeth awry over the Equinoctiall deviding it in two points right over against one another in two equall parts and is also devided by it in two equall parts the one lyeth betweene the Equinoctiall and the North Pole the other betweene the Equinoctiall and the South Pole It s greatest Declination on both sides of the Equinoctaill towards both the Poles is 23 degree 31½ minutes and is devided into twelve equall parts and to each of them a severall signe applyed The Sonne goeth alongst this Circkle without ever going out of it and runneth through it with its owne naturall course every yeare once and even as the Poles of the World stand every where alike distant from the Equinoctiall even soo hath the Ecliptique alsoo its two Poles every were alike distant from the same Demonstration IN this Figure as before is sayd A B are the Poles of the World C D E F the Equinoctiall G D H F the Ecliptique Line cutting and dividing the Equinoctiall and its selfe alsoo into two equall parts in the points D and F which wee call the Equinoctiall the one at D the Spring Equinoctiall the other at F the Autumne Equinoctiall The one halfe D H F the northern part lyeth betweene the Equinoctiall D E F and A the North Pole at most declined towards F H 23 degrees and 31 2 minutes The other halfe F G D the Southern part lyeth betweene the Equinoctiall F C D and the South Pole B likewise at most declined as C G 23 degrees 31½ minutes The North part is devided into six signes which wee call the Northerly beginning at D with the Kimbug signes towards the North. Aries Taurus Gemini unto H. the point of the farthest declination From thence with the descending signes of the North Cancer Leo Virgo to the Equinoctiall Line in F. the Autumne Equinoctiall the southern part is also divided into six signes which wee call the Southerly beginning at F with the discending signes towards the South Libra Virgo Saggitarius untill G the Point of the sartkest Declination towards the South from thence further with klimbing signes towards the North Capricornus Aquarius Pisces as farr as till you come to the Equinoctiall line in the Spring Equinoctiall D. The Sunne runneth through the three first Northerly signes from the 21 of March new style to the 21 of June New styl the other from the 21 of Iune to the 23 of September The first 3 Southerly signes from the 23 of September to the 23 of December and the other from the 23 December till the 21 of March againe The Poles of the Ecliptique are M and N both of them standing every where alike distant from the Ecliptique G H and soo farre from the Poles of the World A and B as the Ecliptique is farthest declining from the Equinoctiall at H E and C G. The eighth Point Of the Coluri THe Coluri are two Circkles going Croswayes through both the Poles of the World dividing each other into two parts in the Poles and together with them the whole Globe Equinoctiall Zodiack or Ecliptique and all the Paralels in 4 equall parts the

one going through the Points of the Equinoctiall is called the Colurus of the Equinoctials the other through the Points of the Solstices the Colures of the Solstices The Sonne moving these Circles through its yearely course in the Zodiack devideth the yeare into foure parts as the Spring Summer Autum and Winter Demonstration IN the foregoing Figure A F B D is the Colures of the Equinoctials going trough D and F the points of the Equinoctial in the beginnings of Aries Libra through the Poles A and B A C G B M E H the Colurus of the Solstices in the beginnings of Cancer Capricornus where the Ecliptique is farthest distant from the Equinoctiall line through the Poles of the World A and B and through the Poles of the Zodiack M and N cutting one another through crossewayes with right corners in the Poles A and B and deviding the Zodiaque or Ecliptique in 4 parts as D H H F F G and G D the first of which the Sonne wanders through in the Spring the second in the Summer the third in the Autume and the fourth in the Winter These foresayd Circles of the Spheare are all greate Circles that is compassing the Spheare at the widest deviding the same into two equall parts there follow now 4 small Circles which devide the Spheare into unequall parts The ninth Point Concerning the Tropickes and the Artique and Antartique Circles THe Tropiques are two Circles the one northwards and the other southwards from the Equinoctiall and alike wide with the same which through turning about of the Spheare from the Points of the Ecliptique are farthest distant from the Equinoctiall and are placed the one to the North and is called the Tropique of Cancer and the other to the South and is called the Tropique of Capricornus Circulus Articus the Northerne Circkle and Circulus Antarticus the Southerne Circkle are reckoned through the running about off the Spheare from the Poles off the Ecliptique Demonstration IN this Figure H I is the Tropicke of Cancer which through the turning about of the Spheare is written from the Point H the beginning of Cancer is also so called because that the Son comming to that point farthest from the Equinoctiall towards the North turneth then againe through the Crabfish towards the Equinoctiall G K is the Tropique of Capricornus so caused through the running about of the Speare from the point G the beginning of Capricornus of the Goate and is so called because the Sonne comming to that point in the farthest from the Equinoctiall towards the South then turneth againe through the Goate towards the Equinoctiall N P is the Artique Circle and M O the Antartique Circle they are so called through the running about of the Speare from the Poles of the Zodiaque N and M. These are equally distant from the Poles of the World A and B as the Tropique are from the Equinoctiall Line to witt 23 Degrees and 31½ Minutes The tenth point Of the Suns Declination THe Suns Declination is its distance from the Equinoctiall Line and that is two fold towards the North and South Demonstration THe Suns Declination is caused through his course alongst the Ecliptique Line thus Let A bee the northerne and B the southerne Pole of the World C P E the Equinoctiall G H G the Ecliptique Line The Sonne comming in the beginning of Aries on the 21 of March to D commeth also in the Equinoctiall Line hath besides no Declination neither northwards nor southwards but going forwards alongst the Ecliptique from D to H and comming to K in the beginning of Taurus it shall bee distant and declined from the Equinoctiall Line towards the north from I to K. 11 degrees and 30 minutes Going forwards to H is then at most declined from P to H 23 Degrees 31½ minutes From thence following its course from H to F commeth in the beginning of Libra againe to the Line without Declination Going forwards from F towards G untill M in the beginning of Sagitarius it shall bee distant or declined from the Line F E towards the South from L to M 20 Degrees 13 minutes Comming to G it is then at its farthest declination from E to G towards the south from thence it runneth againe to D to the Equinoctial line perfecting its course in a yeare The Eleaventh Point How to find the Sonnes Declination upon every day in the yeare THe yeare of the Sonne that is the time wherin the Sonne goeth out of a certaine point in the Ecliptique and turneth againe into the same and is not just 365 dayes but about 5 houres and 49 minutes that is litle lesse then 6 howers more wherefore it is that we alwayes adde after three yeares to the South 4 times 6 howers that is a day to the Month February thereby to count the yeare or Revolation of the Sonne into equall dayes therefore every such fourth yeare is called the Leap-yeare If therefore you will then sett the Sonnes Declination by day tables it is needfull to make foure sundry tables of foure such following yeares The foresayd difference of foure Revolutions of the Sonne come not equally alike with such foure yeares being with length of time soo much difference in the Declination that it is needfull to renew such Tables every twenty yeares Now to find the Declination of the Sonne out of such Tables upon every day of the yeare it is needfull to know two things the first in what yeare you are either the Leap-yeare or in the first second or third yeare after The second when you know the yeare which of the Tables you must use thereto For the first devide the yeare of our Lord 1600 by 4 if the devision commeth even out without remainders such a yeare is then a Leape-yeare of 366 dayes but if out of the division any number remaineth such remainders shew you how much that such a proposed yeare is after the Leape-yeare The first Example I Desire to know what for a yeare 1644 is leaving the 1600 take and devide the remaining 44 by 4 that commeth even out without remainders for 11 times 4 is 44 and from thence I find that the yeare 1644 to be a Leape-yeare The Second Example FOr to know what sort of yeare 1647. is leaving the 1600. I divide the 47 by 4 and I finde tha● there rest three for 11 times 4 is 44 take that from 47 and there remaine 3 and from thence I find that the yeare of 47 is the third yeare after Leape yeare To know the same without reckoning consider this following little Table the first Columne is of the Leape-yeares the second third sourth Columne are the three yeares after the Leape-yeares Leape yeare 1 yeare 2 yeare 3 yeare 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 The second for to know which Table you must use to every yeare that standeth demonstrated above each of the following Tables The first Example IN the second yeare following

7 6 9   7 5 29 7 16 22 7 22 42 8 22 35 8 16 15 8 5 46   8 5 53 8 16 39 8 22 49 9 22 28 9 15 58 9 5 23   9 6 16 9 16 57 9 22 55 10 22 20 10 15 40 10 5 0   10 6 39 10 17 14 10 23 1 11 22 12 11 15 23 11 4 38   11 7 2 11 17 31 11 23 6 12 22 4 12 15 5 12 4 16   12 7 24 12 17 47 12 23 10 13 21 55 13 14 46 13 3 52   13 7 47 13 18 3 13 23 15 14 21 47 14 14 28 14 3 29   14 8 9 14 18 19 14 23 18 15 21 38 15 14 9 15 3 5   15 8 32 15 18 35 15 23 21 16 21 28 16 13 51 16 2 42   16 8 55 16 18 50 16 23 24 17 21 18 17 13 31 17 2 19   17 9 17 17 19 5 17 23 27 18 21 7 18 13 12 18 1 55   18 9 39 18 19 20 18 23 29 19 20 57 19 12 52 19 1 22   19 10 0 19 19 34 19 23 30 20 20 46 20 12 33 20 1 9   20 10 22 20 19 48 20 23 31 21 20 35 21 12 13 21 0 45   21 10 44 21 20 2 21 23 31 22 20 23 22 11 53 22 0 22 Aequinoct 22 11 5 22 20 16 22 23 31 23 20 11 23 11 33 23 0 2 23 11 27 23 20 27 23 23 31 24 19 59 24 11 12 24 0 25   24 11 48 24 20 40 24 23 30 25 19 46 25 10 51 25 0 49   25 12 9 25 20 52 25 23 29 26 19 32 26 10 30 26 1 12   26 12 30 26 21 3 26 23 27 27 19 19 27 10 9 27 1 36   27 12 50 27 21 14 27 23 24 28 19 6 28 9 48 28 1 59   28 13 10 28 21 25 28 23 21 29 18 51 29 9 27 29 2 23   29 13 31 29 21 36 29 23 18 30 18 37 30 9 5 30 2 46   30 13 52 30 21 45 30 23 14 31 18 22 31 8 44         31 14 11       31 23 10 The 12. Chapter Of the length and the breadth of the fixed Starres THe Starres of the eigth heaven are called Fixed Starres because unlike the Plannets without motion they stand alwayes fast and fixed in one fashion and distance one from the other and are carryed about altogether one with the other by the Primum Mobile they are marked according to length and breadth Their length is a part of the Ecliptique contained betweene two halfe circles going both out of the Poles of the Ecliptique the one through the spring Equinoctiall or the beginning of Aries the other through the Starres themselves Their breadth is a Bow of the like halfe Circle betweene the Ecliptique Line and the Starres That is two fold Northerly Southerly the Northerly which are Northwards from the Ecliptique and the Southerly which stand Southward from them Demonstration LEt the Ecliptique Line bee G D H. Let N bee the Northerne and M the Southerne Pole thereof F a certaine Starre Let two halfe Circles bee drawne out of the foresaid Poles the one N D M through the spring Equinoctiall to D. The other through the Starre F deviding the Ecliptique in K that part of the Ecliptique D K is the length of such a Starre and the Bow or part of the said halfe Circle K F is his breadth towards the North because that it standeth by North of the Ecliptique The 13. Chapter Concerning the right Ascension and Declination of the fixed Starres THe right Ascension of the Starres is a part of the Equinoctiall contained betweene two halfe circles going both out of the Poles of the World the one through the spring Equinoctiall the other through the Starres Their declination beeing a bow of the like halfe circle betweene the Equinoctiall and the said starres This is also two fold Northerly that which is by north the Line and Southerly which stand by South from it Demonstration IN the foregoing Figure let C D E bee the Equinoctiall line A the North and B the South Pole of the world F a certaine Starre draw two halfe Circles out of the foresaid Poles the one A D B through the Equinoctiall or beginning of Aries the other through the Starre marked with F which devideth the Equinoctiall in L. The part of the Equinoctial L D is the right Ascension of such a Starre and the Bow or part of the same Circle L F. his declination towards the North or O I from the Starre to I towards the South The 14. Chapter Concerning the change of the declination of the fixed Starres EVen as the starry heaven in our sight is driven about every 24 Howres by the Primum Mobile upon the axepoints or Poles of the world from east to west so are these also carried about upon the Poles of the Ecliptique Line once in 25400 yeares on the contrary from west to east even as the Sun once every yeare By which the length of the Starres changeth every hondred yeares 1 degree and 25 minutes or else every 20 yeares 17 minutes but their breadth that is the distance from the Ecliptique remaineth unchangeable alwayes the same Through the foresaid change of the length by length of time changeth also the declination of the one more and also sooner then of the other Some are made lesse and some grow bigger Some of them having Northerly declination become souther and some others having southerly declination become on the contrary northerly Demonstration LEt C D E bee the Equinoctiall A the northerne and B the southerne Pole of the World G D H the Ecliptique line N M the Poles thereof G the beginning of Capricorne D of Aries and H the end of Gemini or beginning of Cancer let as is before said the Starre at F its length be in the Ecliptique to L. its breadth by north of it at L F its northerly declination is then V F. If then the foresaid starre in many yeares runneth in length from F to L paralell with D H its breadth resteth K T even untill the soregoing F L but its declination I T is more then V F the first because that it beeing paralell with D H is more wended from the Equinoctiall line The starre at O whose length let it bee in the Ecliptique to Q and its breadth Q O. hath southerly declination P O but running in length from O to R pararell with Q X its breadth remaineth X R even to Q O but its southerly declination R S is lesse then O P because that it beeing paralell with G D is come neerer the Equinoctiall But if the same starre commeth to run in length unto Y its declination shall bee Y Z by north the line That is spoken of the 6 first signes ♑ ♒ ♓ ♈ ♉ ♊ In the same

manner commeth to passe the contrary part in the other 6 signes ♋ ♌ ♍ ♎ ♏ and ♐ thus In the same figure let H bee the beginning of Cancer D Libra and G the end of Sagitarius If a Starre at T having Northerly declination T I runneth in length untill F its declination F V is lesse then T I because it is come nearer the Equinoctiall then if so be that it runneth in length untill B its deelination which was first northerly shall then bee southerly from B to D. Through the foresayd motions of the eigth Spheare changeth also the declination of the Northstarre which is every yeare greater that is hee departeth the longer the more from the Equinoctiall and commeth neerer the Pole which shall endure to the yeare of our Lord 2091 then shall hee bee nearest and no more then 26 minutes and a halfe distant from it and after that time by little and little shall wend from it so that 12700 yeares afterwards it shall stand from the Pole 47 degrees and 56 minutes How this commeth to passe may plainly bee conceived out of this manner of Figure Let A bee the northerne Pole of the world in the middle of the Equinoctiall B. D. F. C N the Pole of the Ecliptique in the middle of the Ecliptique E D G C H the North-starre its breadth from the Ecliptique is Q H 66 degrees and 2 minutes and its distance from the Pole of the Zodiaque N H 23 degrees and 58 minutes they remaine alwayes alike even as the breadth and distance of all fixed Starres from the Pole of the Zodiaque N H 23 degrees and 58 minutes they remaine alwayes one and the same even as the breadth and distance of all fixed Starres is from the Zodiaque Pole as heretofore is sayd It s length from the Spring Equinoctiall or beginning of Aries for the yeare 1625. is C Q 83 degrees and 24 minutes Let there bee drawne a Circle out of N the Pole of the Ecliptique as I L K O H whose halfe Diameter let bee N H 23 degrees and 58 minutes even to the distance of the Northstarre from the Zodiaque Pole therein is closed the Northpole of the world at A as beeing lesse different from the Zodiaque Pole then the Northstarre Upon the like Circle the Northstarre taketh his compasse about the Pole of the Zodiaque even as all the fixed Starres in 25400 yeares its distance from the worlds Pole is for the yeare 1625 A H 2 degrees 42 minutes and shall in the yeare of our Lord 2091 bee come from H to I beeing then nearest to the worlds Pole and stands no further of then 26 ½ minut going forwards from I alongst to L untill K it shall then bee distant from the worlds Pole marked with A K 27 degrees and 56 minutes But because the Starres keepe not alwayes one kind of declination wee have for the furtherance of Mariners prepared these two following Tables The one sheweth theyr declination for the yeare 1645. And the second for the yeare 1654. Besides the declination there is adjoyned the complement of the declination that is how wide they stand from the Pole A Table of the Declination of the cheife of the fixed Starres with their distance from the Pole in the yeare 1645 c. and 1655. These Starres following are al of them placed in the Southside of the Equinoctiall Line and have southerly Declination   Anno 1645. Anno 1655.   Southerly declination degr min. the distāce from the S. Pole degr min. Southerly declination degr min. the distāce from the S. Pole degr min. The Northermost in the whales tayle 10 46 79 14 10 43 79 17 The Southermost in the whales tayle 19 57 70 3 19 54 70 6 Regel the left foot of Orion 8 39 81 21 8 38 81 22 The first of the three in the Girdle of Orion or the 3 Kings 0 36 89 24 0 36 89 24 The second in the girdle or 3 Kings 1 27 88 33 1 27 88 33 The third 2 10 87 50 2 10 87 50 The great dogge Syrius 16 13 73 47 16 13 73 47 The heart of the water-snake 7 8 82 52 7 10 82 50 Spica Virginis or the corneare 9 15 80 45 9 18 80 42 The South Balance 14 30 75 30 14 33 75 27 The North Balance 8 1 81 59 8 4 81 56 The Northermost and first at the lefthand of the snakebearer Ophiuchus   87 14 2 48 87 12 2 46       The left knee of Ophiuchus 9 46 80 14 9 48 80 12 The right knee of the snakebearer 15 12 74 48 15 13 74 47 Antares the heart of the Scorpion 25 33 64 27 25 35 64 25 The Northermost of the 2 in the hornes of Capricorne 13 33 76 27 13 32 76 28 The Southermost of the two 15 50 74 10 15 49 74 11 The former or most westerly of the 2 starres in the tayle of Capricorne 18 10 71 50 18 8 71 52 The Second most easterly 17 39 72 21 17 37 72 23 The leftshoulder of Aquarius 7 4 82 56 7 2 82 58 The right shoulder of Aquarius 2 0 88 0 1 57 88 3 The uttermost of Aquarius named Famahand 31 25 58 35 31 22 58 38 These which follow are scituate in the Northside of the Aequinoctiall Line and Decline Northward   Anno 1645. Anno 1655.   Northerly declination degr min. the distāce from the N. Pole degr min. Northerly declination degr min. the distāce from the N. Pole degr min. Alrucuba the northstar 87 25 2 35 87 28 2 32 The midlmost or brightest of the Watchmen 75 40 14 20 75 37 14 23 The brest of Cassiopeia 54 37 35 23 54 40 35 20 The hippe of Cassiopeia 58 49 31 11 58 52 31 8 The knee of Cassiopeia 58 22 31 38 58 25 31 35 The brightest in the cleare of Cassio 57 13 32 47 57 17 32 43 The head of Andromeda 27 9 62 51 27 12 62 48 The Girdle of Andromeda 33 47 56 13 33 50 56 10 The most Southerly foot of Andromeda 40 36 49 24 40 39 49 21 The brightest in the head of the Ram. 21 46 68 14 21 49 68 11 The brightest in the mouth of the Whale 2 40 87 20 2 42 87 18 The brightest in the head of Medusa 39 33 50 27 39 35 87 25 The brightest in the side of Perseus 48 31 41 29 48 33 41 27 Aldebaran the South eye of the Bull. 15 48 74 12 15 50 74 10 The North horne of the Bull. 28 16 61 44 28 17 16 43 The South horne of the Bull. 20 54 69 6 20 54 69 6 The left shoulder of the Gyant Orion 5 59 84 1 6 0 84 0 The right shoulder of Orion 7 18 82 42 7 18 82 42 Hircus or Capella in the left shoulder of the carter Erichtonius 45 35 44 25 45 36 44 24 The right shoulder of Erichtonius 44 52 45 8 44 52 45 8 The brightest

houres 8 degrees which make 36 minutes it is then 13 houres 36 minutes from the noone tijde that is 1 houre 36 minut after midnight How to finde the ascension on any day in the yeere of the Sunne and the Stars we have here adjoyneth 2 tables the one of the Sunne showing from 5 dayes to 5 dayes the Sunnes ascension out of which you may easily finde the same in other dayes The other for thirtie of the primest fixed Starres both of them onely by degrees that being sufficient for this businesse The 18 Point A Table of the right ascensum of the Sunne The first number in the table shewed the day of the moneth the second of degrees of the ascension of the Sunne on that day Ianu. Febr. Mart. April May. Iuni. da. deg da. deg da. deg da. deg da. deg da. deg 5 287 5 319 5 346 5 14 5 42 5 73 10 292 10 324 10 351 10 19 10 47 10 78 15 297 15 329 15 355 15 24 15 52 15 83 20 303 20 334 20 360 20 28 20 57 20 88 25 308 25 339 25 4 25 33 15 62 25 94 31 314 28 342 31 10 30 38 31 68 31 99 Iulius Augu. Septe Octo. Nove. Dece da. deg da. deg da. deg da. deg da. deg da. eg 5 104 5 135 5 164 5 191 5 220 5 251 10 109 10 140 10 168 10 195 10 225 10 257 15 114 15 145 15 173 15 200 15 231 15 263 20 119 20 149 20 177 20 205 20 236 20 268 25 124 25 154 25 182 25 210 25 241 25 274 31 130 31 159 30 187 31 215 30 246 31 281 A Table of the right ascension of the primest Starres THe Girdle of Andromeda 12 degrees The clearest in the head of the Ram. 27 degrees Menkar the brtghtest in the mouth of the Whale 41 degr Aldebaran the south eye of the Bull. 64 degrees Capella in the left shoulder of Erichtonius 72 degrees Regel the left foot of Orion 74 degrees The Star in the left shoulder of Orion 84 degrees Syrius the great Dogge 97 degrees The North head of Gemini 180 degrees The South head of Gemini 111 degrees Procyon the little Dogge 110 degrees The brightest in the watersnake CorHydrae 137 degrees Regulns the Heart of the Lyon 147 degrees The tayle of the Lyon 172 degrees Vendemiatrix the right wing of Virgo 191 degrees Spica Virginis the eare of corne 196 degrees Arcturus the brightest in Bootes 210 degrees Arcturus the brightest in Bootes 218 degrees The South Waight 210 degrees The north Waight 224 degrees The brightest in the North Crowne 230 degrees Antares the Hart of the Scorpion 242 degrees The Head of Hercules 254 degrees The Head of Serpentarius 259 degrees The tayle of the Eagle 282 degrees Vultur the clearest in the Eagle 293 degrees The Star in the mouth of the horse Pegasus 521 degrees Formohant the brightest in the end of Aquarius 339 degr Marcab the sack or foot of Pegasus 342 degrees The uttermost in the wing of Pegasus 358 degrees The most Northerly in the Whales tayle 360 degrees The 19 Point Of the Horizon or the Circle that boundeth the sight WHere the heavens the earth or the waters seeme in our sight to meete together that is called the Horizon or the Circle bounding the sight because our sight endeth there can go no further by our Netherland Sea-farers it is also called the Kimmen This circle devideth the heavens just in two evē parts so that just the one halfe is seene by us here above and the other halfe can not be seene by us because it is hidden underneath us which happeneth in this manner The earth as in the first chapter is shewed standeth as a center in the middle of the heavens the which by reason of the unmeasurable quantitie or largenes thereof is so farre separated from the earth that the whole thicknesse of the Earth in respect of the heavens is no more then a poynt or prick or at least so little that it cannot be perceived by our sight and that which by our sight along upon the Earth or the Water we can comprehend which can not reach further then about three Dutch miles that is 10 English myles seemeth in our eyes by reason of the space so little to be no other then an halfe Globe falling perpendicular upon a plaine so that our sight falleth in the heaven as if we stood in the middle poynt of the world and saw-right compasse wise whereby it falleth out that just the halfe of the Heaven is seene by us and the other halfe is not seene by us in like manner as if a man should lay a line over the center of a Circle then the one halfe of the Circle is above and the other halfe is just under All the heavenly light as the Sunne Moone and Starres by the turning of the heavens comming above the Horizon are seene by us and going downe under it goe out of our sight The Zenith is the poynt of the heavens directly over our head and is on all sides equally distant from the Horizon it is also called the Pole of the Horizon An Explication The Horizon is too bee considered in The eye being eleva●ed above the water The visible Horizon is lower then ●he trues foote minutes 2 1 4 2 8 3 14 4 20 5 27 6 37 7 39 8 53 9 66 10 82 11 100 12 140 13 163 14 186 15 a two-fold manner according to the true and the visible the true goeth every way right waterpasse from our sight that is passeth through the Center of the Sphere as is sayd deviding it into equall parts is every way from the Zenith 90 degrees the just fourth parts of a Circle The Visible is the uttermost part of the Earth or Water that our eye can reach or see when our eye is just on the flatt or surface of the even Water then the true and Visible Horizon are one and the same but our eye lifted up above the surface of the Water the sight falleth over the Globe of the earth every where lower then water-passe and thence it followeth that the visible Horizon is lower than the true although this be not much materiall in the Art of Navigation for as much as it is recompenced by the refraction of the visible Horizon We have added this table for those that desire to be exact where men may see how much the visible differs from the true that being changed or altered by feet Example THe sight being elevated above the surface of the waters 14 feet in the 1 Columne in the 2 Columne over against it you find 4 min. which the visible Horizon is lower then the true The sight being lifted 140 feetabout the Horizon the visible wil be 13 mi. lower then the true The 20 Point Of the Meridian or Middle Circle THe Meridian is a Circle in the Heavens which we must conceive to passe through both the Poles of

the world right over our heads and crosse wise through the Equinoctiall and to cut right through the Horizon North and South The Sun touching this Circle is at the highest and then it is just noone or the middle time of the day and likewise the stars when they come upon this Circle they are like the Sun at the highest of the Horizon and right South and as soone as they have past it they begin to goe downeward againe The 21 Point Of the height of the Sunne or Starres and what it is THe height of the sunne or Starres is nothing else but the distance or space that is between the Horizon and the Sun or Starre it selfe which to understand perfectly you must make that we suppose a point or prick to be right above our heads in the Heavens that is equally distant from the Horizon in all places which point is called the Zenith or the head point now seeing that the whole circuit of the heavens containeth 360 degrees and that the just halfe thereof is seen above the Horizon it is certaine that this point called the Zenith in all places is above the Horizon 90 degr whether you turn cast west north or south or any other way now when the Sun riseth above the Horizon and ascendeth higher and higher from it and commeth toward this point or Zenith we say that as many degrees as it ascended from the Horizon towards the aforesaid point or Zenith that the same is the height thereof as by example when he is risen halfe up from the Horizon towards the Zenith then he is 45 degrees and if he be risen a third part from the Horizon then he is 30 degr high and so forth the like is also to be understood of the height of the Stars The 22 Point How to measure or find the height of the Sun or of the Starres TO find the height the Mathematicians have devised divers fit Instruments whereof there are two that are most used at sea which are the Astrolabium and the common Crosse-staffe the use of the Astrolabium is plaine and well known unto all men for holding the instrument by the ring let the Sun shine through the holes of the eares the uttermost part of the Diall counting from below upwards sheweth how many degrees the Sun is risen above the Horizon as the former figure plainly sheweth The Crosse-staffe is used thus you must place the end of the Staffe underneath the eye then you must remove the Crosse too and fro untill the upper end of the Crosse standeth even upon halfe the Sun or Star and the under end just with the Horizon and then the Crosse will shew you upon the staffe how many degrees they are in height so you account after those numbers whereof ninety stand that the end of the staffe that is next to your eye the computation going backward from the other end of the staffe for otherwise if you reckon by those numbers that proceed forward from the end next your eye then it will shew you how many degrees the Sun or Star standeth from the Zenith or Head point of the Horizon as you may see by the figure ensuing The 23 Point How you must make a perfect Crosse-staffe and how you shall marke it THe Crosse staves are oftentimes made the one after the other by imitation or patterns and that many times without judgement or knowledge whether the pattern bee good or not whereof notwithstanding a man ought to bee very certaine for it is a matter of great importance and therfore I have here set downe two severall wayes easie to be understood how to make the same exquisitely and perfectly upon good reason good ground Make an even smooth board and paste good paper upon it then draw a strait line upon one edge or side thereof as you see in this figure a ●ine marked C A D then marke another line as you see it marked B C that B C A bee a right and just halfe square then take a good paire of Compasses and set one foot thereof in the angle marked C and compas therewith as you see B E A so that A E B may bee a right quadrant or fourth part of a Circle then devide it into two parts to E and then devide the other halfe which is A E into 90 parts or degrees as thus first devide it into 3 parts and then devide each 3 parts again into 3 and then it wil be divided into 9 parts which done devide each of them into two parts and those divisions or parts divide into 5 parts and then it will bee divided into 90 parts then take a straight line and lay the one end thereof upon the Center C and so forth upon every severall point which you have divided in the Quadrant and then draw lines from the Center C through all the foresaid points as long as the board will containe them as you may see in this figure which done then your instrument is fully made and prepared to marke your staves there upon Which to doe with your compasses take just the half length of your Crosse and set the one foot thereof in the Center and put the other at F and doe the like from D right to G which two points or pricks draw with a straight line unto each other as you see in the line F and G and then mark where the line F G is cut through by the lines that come out of the Center through the degrees or points of the quadrant for those cuttings through shew upon the said line the right marking of your Crosse-staffe that is you must marke your Staffe just as you see that these lines in F G are marked by the lines that come out of the center and passe through it whether the Crosse bee long or short you must follow the same order that you are taught in the figure the line H I is drawne for a shorter Crosse then the former and K L for one that is shorter then that viz whos 's halfe is just so long as the Line C K. The second manner of Framing your Crosse-staffe much excelleth the ftrst in perfection and curiosity so you divide it perfectly with your Compasses which is done in this manner Upon an hard even board which is pasted with paper draw a straight line as long as your staffe is and with point compasse take the just halfe or the length of your Crosse whereunto you mean to mark your staffe and prick it many times along in the said line as you can divide each of the said lengths into 11000 equall parts then look upon the table here after insuing which shewed you how many of those points or parts you shall marke for each degree and that you must doe in manner following from the end of the staffe which you will make the eye-end pricke just the halfe length of the Crosse and there make a Crosse stroke from whence prick for every degree so many

themselves they are divers things yet they are allwayes one like unto the other Any Countrey being scituated under the breadth of 30 degrees lyeth also in the height 30 degrees which by Sea-faring men is taken without difference but what it is or what it hath in it or signifieth few men understand and yet it behooveth a seafaring man that seeketh for the height of any Countries to bee expert therein for that no man without it can wel understand how many instruments whether it be Astrolabium or Crosse staffe no nor the Sea-compasse it selfe should well be used for that these things are all built upon one foundation and like a chaine hang one upon the other But it may be that some man will object and say that there are many Pilots which doe not well understand such things and yet are able to goe directly unto divers places whether they desire to sayle which I confesse to be true but tell me how many times are they deceived How many times are they in great doubt feare and how seldome dare they trust unto the height which they have taken or reckoned when they are to seeke out any Countrey thereby how oftentimes hath it heretofore happened that for want of such knowledge shippes have sayled out of their way either behinde England or upon France which thought to passe through the chanell between England and France and that in so short and well knowne and common sayled water as to come out of Spaine or France what would such men doe if they should passe the Line and were to seeke or finde out certaine Ilands Or that after they had sayled up and downe the Seas certaine moneths together should then seeke out for Land but I am of this opinion which I know every man will grant that it is much better and more assured to goe away being guided by his owne eye-sight then like a blinde man to bee led by another and knoweth not whether that other seeth well or not but to come againe to our matter touching the height of Countries it is no other but the height of the Pole above the Horizon that is to say so many degrees as the Pole in any Land is lifted up above the Horizon so much is the height of such a Country this height agreeth allwayes with the breadth as aforesayd In the 10 Chapter it is shewed that wheresoever a man goeth or turneth alwayes the one halfe of the Heavens sheweth it selfe above the Horizon and the other halfe is hidden from us in the first chapter it is said that the two Poles stand right one against the other whereby it is evidently to be understood that whensoever a man being upon the earth is right under the Equinoctiall line that then both the Poles of the World lye right in the Horizon one in the south and the other in the north and as much as a man travaileth northward from the Equinoctiall line and winneth breadth northerly so much the north Pole riseth above the Horizon and the south Pole contrarywise goeth so much under and on the contrary as many degrees as a man goeth from the Equinoctiall line southward and winneth breadth southward so much the south Pole riseth above the Horizon and the north Pole goeth so much under which may easily be understood by the figure here after following In this figure the innermost roundel that turneth about signifieth the Heaven N the north Pole S the south Pole AE the Equinoctiall the uppermost edge of the halfe moveable roundell signifieth the Horizon the one halfe off the Heavens is above it and the other halfe just under it the round ball in the middle signifieth the earth where in you see a little man that may be turned upon the earth southward and northward Now perfectly to marke and perceive that which is before written that is to know what height is and that it alwayes agreeth with the breadth bring the little man upon the Earth Globe right under the Equinoctiall that is to say that it have no breadth neither northward nor southward then you shall see that both the Poles lye just with the Horizon and that neither of them both are elevated above it nor depressed under it and withall you shall see that they that dwell under the Equinoctiall have no height or elevation of the Pole nor yet any breadth But if you remove the man so much northward that hee goeth tenne degrees upon the earth that is that hee commeth tenne degrees upon the north breadth you shall see that the north Pole shall bee raysed or elevated tenne degrees above the Horizon in the north and the south Pole shall goe ten degrees under the Horizon and if you remove the man upon the earth more northerly as thirty forty or fifty degrees the north Pole will also be so much elevated and the south Pole to the contrary so much depressed under the Horizon so that if you turne the man upon the earth to ninety degrees then the north Pole also will bee elevated ninety degrees that is the Pole will stand right above his head and the Equinoctiall will joyne with the Horizon in one circle that which thus is ●●id of the elevating of the north Pole is also in the same manner to be understood of the south Pole for if you likewise move the man upon the earth in the figure toward the south the south Pole will be elevated above the Horizon as much as the man in breadth goeth southward and the north P●le will goe so much under the Horizon One thing is herein to be noted that as much as the Pole riseth above the Horizon just so much the Equinoctiall goeth under it and when the Pole goeth under the Equinoctiall riseth againe in equall proportion But above all you must marke that the number of the Poles elevation added to the height of the Equinoctiall alwayes make even ninety degrees so that when the Pole is elevated 30 degrees in the north the Equinoctiall is elevated sixty degrees in the south but if the south Pole bee elevated above your Horizon twenty degrees the Equinoctiall will bee elevated in the north seventy degrees which is clearly understood and shewed in this manner we alwayes see halfe the Heavens above the Horizon as aforesaid which is twice ninety degrees from the south to the Zenith or the point just over our heads and fro●●he Zenith to the Horizon in the north Now seeing 〈◊〉 betweene the Equinoctiall and the Pole there are alwayes ninety degrees as is shewed in the second chapter it followeth that which is beneath the Pole and the Equinoctiall maketh also ninety degrees therefore when we know the height of the Equinoctiall and take it out of ninety that which resteth over is alwayes the height of the pole this also may bee seene in the figure aforesaid The 29. Point Concerning the difference and agreement of the Declination in divers places of the earth THese Tables of the Suns declination are