Selected quad for the lemma: world_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
world_n	circle_n	pass_v	pole_n	1,949	5	11.4508	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54671	An historical discourse of the first invention of navigation and the additional improvements of it with the probable causes of the variation of the compasse, and the variation of the variation : likewise, some reflections upon the name and office of admirall : to which is added a catalogue of those persons that have been from the first institution dignified with that office / by Thomas Philipott ...	Philipot, Thomas, d. 1682.	1661 (1661)	Wing P1997; ESTC R15276	17,155	34

and infallibly toward the North without variation I wish that some person of an exalted imagination would compose some Needles for experiment after Helmont's direction since it is an affair of noble and active concernment to the publique interest of every Nation to have this invention of the Compass either improv'd or rectified But this Artifice of Helmont is infirme and crazy in the whole frame and contexture of it if the variation of the Needle from its Meridional Polarity proceed from the attractive vigour and magnetical alliciency of the Earth which by irrefragable demonstrations may be evinc'd to be one continued Magnet Now a magnetical body is stil'd not onely that which hath a power attractive but that which being situated in a convenient medium by an intrinsique natural propension disposes it self to one invariable and fixed residence so that if it were violently removed yet would it not abandon its primitive points nor fix in the East and West but return unto its polary situation again And such a magnetical virtue is diffus'd through the whole Body of the Earth whereby as unto its natural Points and proper Terms it still makes its addresses unto the Poles being so constituted in its whole frame order and aspect unto these Points that those parts which are now at the Poles would not naturally reside under the Equator nor Nova Zemla continue in the place of Java or Borne● Nor is the attractive vigour of this great Body the Earth cloister'd up within its own inward cells and recesses or circumscrib'd within the circumference of its own surface but shed at indeterminate distances through the Aire Water and all other circumjacent Bodies exciting and transplanting its magnetical virtue into all bodies either within its surface or without it and effecting that in an abstruse and indiscernable way what we visibly behold perform'd by the Loadstone For these effluviums penetrate all Bodies and being ever ready in the medium attaque all objects proportionate or capable of their vigorous and active excitation And this is manifest from steel wires thrust thorough little Spheres or Globes of Cork floating on the Water or in naked Needles gently drop'd thereon for so dispos'd they will not rest untill they have trac'd out the Meridian and as neer as possibly they may lye parallel to the Axis of the Earth Now this Direction does not originally result from themselves but is derivative and contracted from the magnetical efflux of the Earth And these demonstrations may be improv'd by the observation of some subsequent experiments as first from a Needled Sphere of Cork equally contiguous unto the surface of the Water for if the Needle be not seated in an exact equilibration that end which is too light if touched becomes even that Needle also which will but just swim under Water if forcibly touched will sink deeper and sometimes unto the bottome which proceeds from an union of those magnetical effluxions which estreat from the Earth with those magnetique Atomes which flow from the Body of the Loadstone and make an impression on the Needle Now those first being of a congenerous nature with the last but more numerous and powerful by this their mutual entwining and complication drag away the Needle as their Captive and sink it into the above recited position Secondly from a Wire or Needle which being denuded and devested of that meridionall projection the magnetique impression of the Loadstone had formerly enstated and imprinted upon it by its great adversary the Fire by being sometime enter'd in the Earth becomes new impregnated with the virtue of that great and vigorous Magnet and again contracts such a polarity or meridional situation as though it had never suffer'd under the persecution of its flaming enemy Now whether these above mention'd effluviums of the Earth do fly by estreated Atoms or winding particles as some assert or glide by streams attracted from either Pole or Hemisphere of the Earth unto the Equator as others affirme it signifies nothing to the Diminution of the Magnetique virtue of the Earth but rather more distinctly sets down the gests and progressive motion of its attractive alliciency and excitation Thirdly if a Loadstone be made red hot it loseth the Magnetical Vigour it had before in it self and acquires another from the Earth in its Refrigeration for that part which cooleth towards the Earth will obtain the Respect of the North and attract the Southern point or Cuspis of the Needle And the reason hereof is that though the attractive virtue of the Loadstone be in this fiery Agony much empair'd exhausted and diminish'd yet is it not totally extinguished so that when its sickly and impoverish'd vigour is re-inforc'd and recruited by a supply or accession of Effluviums from the Earth by an union or combination with this newstock of Magnetical Atoms it does not onely revive but is improv'd to its former Attraction and Verticity Fourthly it is observ'd that both Bricks and Irons contract a verticity by long and continued position that is not onely being plac'd from North and South and lying in the Meridian but respecting the Zenith and Perpendicular unto the Center of the Earth as is evident in Bars of Windows Casements Hinges and the like The same condition also do Bricks contract by being long time plac'd in one continued situation in a Wall for if the Needle be presented unto their lower extreams it wheeleth about and turns its Southern point unto them And the Reason of this is that that Film or Scurse in which they lay originally wrap'd up and which did obstruct the Magnetical Impressions of the Earth being worn off by Decursion of Time and the perpetual Assaults of the Elements the Magnetical Atoms of the Earth do with more vigour invade them and by frequent onsets having implanted their virtue in them engage them to that verticity Fiftly Iron in a particular sympathy moves to the Loadstone but yet if it exceed a certain quantity it abandons and quits those affections and interests and like an affectionate Citizen or faithful Patriot moves to the Earth which is the Region and Country of its Connaturals From what hath thus been remarkably discovered it is easy to unfold from a foundation not onely of probability but almost of necessity whence proceeds the cause of the variation of the Compass that is an Arch of the Horizon intercepted between the true and Magnetical Meridian The true Meridian is a greater Circle passing through the Poles of the World and the Zenith or Vertex of any place exactly dividing the East from the West Now on this Line the Needle exactly lyeth not but diverts and varies its point that is the North point on this side the Equator the South on the other sometimes unto the East sometimes unto the West and in some places varies not at all Now the cause of this variation may be the inequality of the Earth variously dispos'd and differently mixed with the Sea with all the different

emission of its strength and Magnetical vigor from the more eminent and Gibbous or Knobby parts thereof for the Needle naturally endeavours to conform unto the Meridian but being distracted is driven and distorted that way where the greater and more powerful parts of the Earth are situated Now whereas on this side the Meridian or the Isles of Azores where the first Meridian is placed the Needle varies Eastward it may be occasion'd by that vast Track of Earth that is of Europe Asia and Africa seated towards the East and disposing the Needle that way on the other side some parts of the Azores or Islands of Saint Michael which have a middle situation between these Continents and that vast Tract of America almost proportionate and answerable to these in its spatious Bulk and Dimension it seems equally distracted by both and diverting unto neither doth parallel and place it self upon the true Meridian But sayling farther it veers its Lilly towards the West and regards that Quarter wherein the Land is nearer or greater and in the same Latitude as it approaches its Shore augments its variation Now because where the greater Continents are United and Combin'd the action and efflux of Magneticall Atoms is also greater therefore those Needles do suffer the greatest variation which are in Countries which do most feel that Magnetique Impression And therefore hath Rome far less variation then London For on the West-side of Rome are seated the great Continents of France Spain and Germany which seem to retrench the exuberant effluvium's and poise the vigour of the Eastern parts But unto England there is almost no Earth West for the whole extent of Asia and Europe lyeth Eastward and therefore at London it varies eleven Degrees that is almost one Rhomb Thus also by reason of the great Continent of Brasile Peru and Chili the Needle declines towards the Land twelve Degrees But at the Straights of Magellan where the Land is contracted into a narrow Volume and the Sea on the other side of a vast diffusion and extent it varies but five or six And so likewise because the Cape de las Agullas hath Sea on both sides near it and other Land remote and as it were of an equal distance from it therefore at that point the Needle conforms unto the true Meridian being not distracted with the attraction resulting from the Vicinity of an adjacent Continent To this may be added that this variation proceedeth not onely from some eminent terrestrial knobs or excrescencies which appear like so many wens upon the Face of the World as also many Magnetical Veins of the Earth collaterally respecting the Needle but the different Accumulation of the Earth disposed unto the Poles lying under the Sea and Waters which affect the Needle with greater or lesser variation according to the vigour or impotency of these subterraneous Lines or the intire or broken Body of the Magnetical Fabrick under it As it is observable from several Loadstones plac'd at the bottome of any Water for a Loadstone or Needle upon the surface will variously conform it self according to the vigour or imbecillity of the Loadstones under it Lastly from what hath been premis'd a Reason may be alledged for the Variation of the Variation and why according to observation the variation of the Needle hath after some years been found to vary either more where it was discover'd to vary but little before or but little where formerly it had a greater deflection or variation For this may proceed from the Mutation of the Earth as it is dislocated or supplanted by Earthquakes wasted and empair'd by sulphurous or other subterraneous fires or else as its Magnetique virtue is arrested in its emanation by being astonish'd and stupefied by Mineral Spirits or those Fumes and Exhalations that have any Mercurial or Arsenical Atoms implanted in them all which by a reiterated impression may so alter the constitution of the Magnetical parts of the Earth either by Substraction or Addition that in decursion of time they may vary the Variation over the place Having thus discover'd those to whom not onely Ships but likewise the Art of managing them did entitle its original invention I shall adde something by way of supplement touching the derivation of the Name of that eminent Officer to whom both in elderand more modern Times the care of publick Navies hath been committed vulgarly stil'd the Admiral and if we shall disjoynt or dissect the Name we shall find it confess it self to be both of Arabian and Greek Extraction for Emir or Amir in Arabian imports as much as Lord and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek is of the Sea so that both these words being cimented together into the Appellation of Admiral signifie a Lord of the Sea Now the word Emir or Amir for they are co-incident was a denomination anciently us'd by the Arabian Caliphs as a terme of dignity and eminence so many of them had the additional appellation of Amir Elmumunin and Emir Omimelin the first may be render'd Rex Orthodoxorum or the King of Persons Orthodox and the last may be translated Rex Credentium Prince or King of Believers and at this day he that in Turkie by the Command and Designation of the Grand Signior delivers the Banners to the Sanzacks and Beglerbegs by which they receive their Investiture is stil'd Emir Halem Lord of the Banner or if you will receive it in a more pompous Epithite the Turks chief Standard-Bearer and this accords with what Leunclavius delivers in his Turkish Pandects Emir Halem says he significat Dominum Vexillorum Flammeolorum qui scilicet supremus est sultani Vexillifer ac omnibus Beglerbegis ac Sauzacbegis quum creantur vexilla sua porrigit And hence we read in the History of the Holy War that Robert Duke of Normandy slew an eminent Saracenical Amir whose Standard had in summitate Argenteae Hastae Pomum Aureum which he offer'd at the Sepulchre of our Saviour having purchas'd it at 20. Marks of one who had taken it by Right of War Now this word Amir or Emir is deduc'd from the Arabick Verbe Amara which render'd into Latine is Dixit or Edixit or else extracted from the Hebrew Verbe Amar which melted into Latine signifies praecepit seu imperavit and it is possible the Spanish word Almirante is contracted from El Amirante and that again by Moorish and Arabick Chanels from Alamir which imports as much as the Chief Captain Now although vulgar use and custome by apposition of this word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 have restrain'd this great Officer only to the Command of the Sea yet in Times of an elder aspect it was of a more confused or promiscuous signification and was not alone confin'd to Maritime Authority but was likewise attributed to those eminent Saracenical Souldiers and Governours who were engag'd in a Command by Land which was proportionate and answerab●e in its Latitude and Extent to that which was exercis'd by the ancient