GLOBE NOTES By R. Holland Christus Lucrism 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ACADEMIA OXONIENSIS Verâ—â—S â—â— Profundo OXFORD Printed by L. LICHFIELD Printer to the University ⋆ and are to be sold by RIC. DAVIS 1678. NOTES UPON Both Globs Celestial and Terrestial First concerning the Celestial GLOBE It is the model of Heaven but cheifly of the Eight Sphere wherein three things are to be observed in general viz. 1. Definition 2. Delineations 3. Use 1. The Definition It is a sphericalbody having a point or center in the middest from whence right lines being extended to the superficies they are all equal 2. Delineations which are these three 1. The Lines or Circles 2. The principal points 3. The Figures or Constellations 1. FIrst of the Lines or Circles every of which are actually or intellectually divided into 360 equal parts called Degrees the more principle whereof are these Ten which make up the Sphaera armillaris six whereof are great Circles as be all those which divide the Globe into two equal parts or Hemispheres having the same center with the Globe And the other Four are called Smaller Circles because they divide the Globe into two unequal parts or Segments The Six great Circles are these 1. The Horizon is the broad Circle upon the frame this divideth the Globe into two Hemispheres the one which we see is alwaies above the Horizon the other which we see not is below And on the Horizon are drawn divers Circles viz. of the 12 Signes and of the daies of the Months and the 32 winds 2. The Meridian is the Brass Circle which standeth at right Angles to the Horizon and in which the Globe is hanged and turned about on its Poles which are the ends or extremitys of the Axis of the World and upon the Meridian is another little hour Circle fastened with an index moving about upon the Pole 3. The Equinoctial is drawn upon the Superficies of the Globe in the middest between the Two Poles of the World and the degrees thereof are numbred with 10 20 30 c. to 360 4. The Eliptick line this cutteth the Equinoctial in two points and is divided into 12 Signes each containing 30 degrees and it passeth in the middest of the Zodiac for the Zodiac is a broad Cicle containing 16 degrees in breadth and is the bounder of the 7 Planets 5. The Equinoctial Colure this cutteth the Equinoctial at right Angles in the two points where the Ecliptick passeth over the same Equinoctial line and so passeth through the Poles of the World 6. The Solstitial Colure this passeth through the Ecliptick where it toucheth both the Tropicks and cutteth both the Equinoctial and Ecliptick at right Angles and passeth through the Poles of the World where also it cutteth the Equinoctial Colure at right Angles The Four lesser Circles are 1. The Two Tropicks each being parallel to the Equinoctial and about 23 degrees 31 m from it That which is toward the North Pole is called the Tropick of Cancer That which is towards the South Pole is called the Tropick of Capricorne and these are the bounders of the greatest Declination of the Sun 2. The Two Polar Cirles These are so far distant from the Poles of the World as the Tropicks are from the Equinoctial That which is next to the North Pole is talled the Artick Polar Circle and that which is next the South Pole is called the Antartick Polar Circle There are moreover drawn upon this Globe divers other great Circles passing by the begining of the Twelve Signes cutting each other in two opposite points and these with the Solstitial Colure divide the Globe into 12 equal parts and these are called the Circles of the Longitude of Stars Also through every point of the Meridian there are small Circles imagined to be drawn parallel to the Equinoctial which are called the parallels of Declination of the Sun Stars Also the like small Circles are imagined to be drawn parallel to the Horizon and these are called Almicantars or Circles of Altitude The Second thing noted in the Delineation in the Points to be observed on the Globe 1. THe more principal are these viz. The Two points on which the Globe is hanged and turned about within the Brazen Meridian these represent the Poles of the World from one of which to the other there passeth a streight Line through the Center of the Globe called the Axis of the World Where Note that the Two Poles of the World are the common Sections of all the Meridian Circles 2. The Two Poles of the Ecliptick which are the two points in which the Six Circles of Longitude of Stars do cross or cut each other and is near about 23 Degrees 30 Minutes distant from the Poles of the World 3. The Points of Zenith and Nadir the Zenith is that Point in the Heavens which is directly over our Head and the Nadir is on the contrary directly under our Feet these two are the Poles of the Horizon being every where 90 Degrees from it and in these Two Points do all the Vertical or Azimuthal Circles meet or cut each other 4. The Points of Cast and West viz. The two points where the Equinoctial cutteth the Horizon these are also Diametrically opposite and are the Poles of the Meridian being every where 90 Degrees from it 5. The Two Equinoctial Points of Aries Libra being two points where the Ecliptick cutteth the Equinoctial and are Diametrically opposite the former is called the Vernal Equinoctial because the Sun coming to it the Spring beginneth the other is called the Autumnal Equinoctial because when the Sun commeth to it the Autumn beginneth 6. The Two Solstitial points being also Diametrically opposite are the two points on the Globe where the Ecliptick toucheth the Two Tropicks the Ecliptick in their touch point viz. in the beginning of Cancer and Capricorn and these Two are called Solstitial points because the Sun moving in the Ecliptick near either of them which is in June and December it causeth the daies to stand still a while without a sensible lengthning or shortning Here is to be Noted that the Horizon and Meridian Circles are said to be immoveable because they are fixed to the same place but all other Circles of the Sphear are said to by moveable because they being drawn upon the Surface of the Globe or Sphere must need move about it in the Diurnal motion yet other men denominate them by the contrary names The Third thing observed in the Delineations are the Figures drawn upon the Globe THere have been 48 Asterismes or Constellations observed of ancient time and about them in this Globe are described certain Figures not because there are any such Figure in the Heavens but are only imagined there to give denomination to the Stars of the Firmament and yet not to all the Stars for they are innumerable but only to such as are most conspicuous and whereof use may best be made as occasion serveth There are 12 Constellations
the lengtâ— of the artificial night be required then worâ— contrary to that of the day To find the time of the day by having the Altitude of the Sun 17 First by a Quadrant or some other Instrument find the Altitude of the Sun abovâ— the Horizon and then by the 6 7 and 8 Proâ—â— rectify the Globe for the Latitude the Suâ— place and the Zenith and bring the degree 〈◊〉 the Ecliptick wherein the Sun is to agree 〈◊〉 the same Altitude upon the edge of the Quadrant of Altitude and then the Index of thâ— Hour wheele shall shew the time of the day To find the Azimuth of the Sun by having his Altitude 18. The Azimuth of the Sun is the distanâ— thereof accounted in the Horizon from Easâ— West or South by the 6 7 8 Prop. rect fie the Globe and bring the Suns place in the Ecliptick to agree to the same Altitude on the graduated edge of the Quadrant of Altitude and then the Quadrant of Altitude shall shew his Azimuth in the Horizon To find the Azimuth of the Sun at any time of the Day 19. By the 6 and 8 Prop. rectify the Globe and turn it about till the Index of the Hour wheele do point to the hour given then lay the Quadrant of Altitude upon the Suns place in the Ecliptick and it sheweth the Azimuth in the Horizon At any time of the year to find the time of Day break or beginning of Crepusculus if any be 20. By the 6 7 8 Prop. rectifie the Globe and Elevate the opposite degree of the Sun at the West 18 deg above the Horizon and then the Index of the hour wheele shall shew the time Having the Altitude of any known Star to find the hour of the night 21. By the 6 7 8 Prop. rectify the Globe and move about the Globe till the Star hath the given Altitude in the graduated edg of the Quadrant of Altitude then shall the Index of the hour wheele shew the hour required Having any known Star at the Meridian to find the Hour 22. By the 6 7 Prop. rectify the Globe and turn the Globe till the same Star comes to the Brasen Moridian so shall the Index of the hour wheele shew the hour Of the Poetical Rising and Setting of Stars COSMICAL A Star Riseth Cosmical when it riseth with the Sun Setteth Cosmical if it set when the Sun riseth To find the time of the year when a Star riseth Cosmical 23. By the 6 Prop. rectisy and bring the Star to the East part of the Horizon and observe the degree of the Ecliptick which is at the East part of the Horizon with it and then find in the Circle of the Horizon what day of the Month answereth to the same degree of the Ecliptick To find the time of the year when a Siar Setteth Cosmical 24. By the 6 Prop. rectify and bring the Star to the West part of the Horizon and Note the degree of the Ecliptick at the Past part of the Horizon and find the day of the Month on the Horizon as before ACRONICAL A Star Riseth Acronical when it riseth in the East and the Sun is Setting in the West And it setteth Acronical when it Setteth with the Sun To find the time of the year when a Star Riseth Cronical 25. By the 6 Prop. rectify and bring the Star to the East part of the Horizon and Note the degree of the Ecliptick cut by the Horizon at the West and find the day of the Moneth answering thereunto upon the Horizon as before To find the time of the year when a Star Setteth Acronical 26. By the 6 Prop. rectify and bring the Star to the West part of the Horizon and Note the degree of the Ecliptick cut by the Horizon at the West and find the day of the Month upon the Horizon as before Heliacal Heliacal Rising of a Star is the rising of a Star out of the Sun beams for then it appeareth before the Sun rising though before it could not be seen by reason of its nearnes to the Sun being within the Arch of Vision Heliacal Setting is when a Star cometh within the Sun beams or when a Star is entring into its Arch of Vision and then cannot be seen setting after the Sun by reason of its nearness to the Sun The Arch of Vision is the Arch of a Vertical Circle contained between the Horizon and the Center of the Sun after it is set or before it riseth this altereth according to the several magnitudes of the Stars for the greater the Star is the less is the Arch of Vision and contrary The Arches of Vision belonging to the Stars according to their severa Magnitudes are these To the First 12 Second 13 Third 14 Fourth 15 Fift 16 Sixt 17 Least 18 To the Planets Venus 5 Mercurie 10 Saturne 11 Jupiter 9 Mars 12 1 â— Moon uncertain To find the time of the year when a Star Riseth Heliacal 27. By the 6 Prop. rectify and bring the Star to the East part of the Horizon and Note the degree of the Ecliptick elevated above the West part of the Horizon according to the arch of Vision appertaining to the same Star and then as before find the of the Month on the Limb of the Horizon answering to the opposite degree of the Ecliptick so elevated at West as aforesaid To find the time of the year when a Star setteth Heliacal 28. By the 6 Prop. rectify and bring the Star to the West part of the Horizon and Note the degree of the Ecliptick elevated at the East part of the Horizon according to the Arch of Vision belonging to the same Star and by the opposite of it find the day of the Month on the Limb of the Horizon as before Description of the Terrestial GLOBE IT is a round or spherical body representing the form of the earth and waters On this Globe are also described the ren circles of the sphaera armillaris viz. the Horizon Meridian Equator Ecliptick the two Colures with the fouer lesser circles viz. the two Tropicks and the two Polar circles Besides these common circles there are described upon this Globe divers other circles passing through both poles of the World these are called Meridians or circles of Longitude Also certain oblique circular lines passing through the center of certain roses so called and these are called Rhombs Courses or points of the compasse On this Globe are described the known parts of the World divided into several quarters Europe Asia Africa and America to which is added the unknown land about the South Pole called Magelanica And these quarters of the World are subdivided into several Kingdoms and Provinces as may be seen in the Geographers The ZONES This Globe is also divided into five Zones one is called the Torrid or burnt Zone and this lyeth between the Tropicks the inhabitants hereof are called Amphiscii because they have two contrary meridional shadows in a year
of the Zodiack through which the Zodiack passeth and these give Denomination to the 12 Signs of the Zodiack in particular these with their number of Stars of old of late of old of late ♈ 13 21 ♎ 8 17 ♉ 33 43 â™ 21 16 ♊ 18 25 â™ 32 14 ♋ 9 15 ♑ 28 28 ♌ 27 40 â™’ 42 41 â™ 26 39 ♓ 34 36 There have been 21 Constellations observed on the North side of the Ecliptick which are called the Northern Constellations whose names and number of Stars here follow  of old The little Bear 7 The great Bear 27 The Dragon 31 Cepheus 11 Bootes 22 The Northern Crown 8 Hercules 9 The Vulture Cadent 10 The Swan 17 Cassiopeia 13 Perseus 26 Auriga 14 Serpentarius 24 The Serpent 18 The Arrow or Dart 5 The Eagle 9 The Dolphin 10 The lesser Horse 4 Pegasus or great Horse 20 Andromeda 23 The Northern Triangle 4. There are 15 Constellations on the South side of the Eliptick which are called the Southern Constellations whose names and number of Stars here follow  of old The Whale 22 Orion 38 The River Eridanus 34 The Hare 12 The great Dog 18 The lesser Dog 3 The Ship 45 The Goblet 7 The Raven 7 The Centaur 37 The Wolf 19 The Altar 7 The Southern Crown 13 The South-fish 12. Besides the number of the Stars noted in the former Constellations the Modern Astronomers have noted divers others which were left informes by the Ancients and put them into their proper Figures as may be seen in some of the Globes put forth since Noble Ticho Brahe namely Johannes Jansonius his small Globes of the year 1620. And in Petrus Plantius his Globes of the Year 1625. The New Constellations in North Latitude are these Berenices hair 14 The Bee 4 The River Jordan 21 Camelopardalis 18 The River Euphrates 13. The New Constellations in South Latitude are these The lesser Crabb 4 The Unicorne 22. Moreover because the Antient Astronomer lived all in North Latitude they could not seâ—… the Stars which are near the South Pole buâ—… they have been since discovered by such a have travailed that way and are put into constellations namely these The Dove 11 The Southern Triangle 5 The apous Indica 12 The Peacock 17 The Indian 12 the Crane 13 The Towcan 8 The Hydrus 14 The Phenix 14 The Dorado 6 The Sea Swallow 7 The Camelion 8 The Cross called Crusero 6 The Flye 4 Besides the Constellations before named there are some other appearances in the Heavens namely the White broad Circle calleâ— Via Lactea or Milkie way and two littlâ— clouds observed near the South Pole Thuâ— much of the Delineation or things noted oâ— the outside of the Celestial Globe The Third thing to be observed in General is the use of this Globe Which consisteth in these three things following viz. The knowlegde of the. 1. Motions 2. Division And Operation on the 3. Propositions In the first place of Motions which are Two in number viz. 1. The Diurnal motion 2. The Proper motion First concerning the Motions 1. The Diurnal motion is made upon the Poles of the World once about from East toward the West in 24 hours and this is also called motus raptus or the motion of the prinum mobile 2. The Second motion is called the annuall motion is made within the primuuÌ„ mobile upon the Poles of the Ecliptick according to the succession of the signes which is contrary to that of the primum mobile viz. from West toward East and this motion is called Motus sâ—cundus or Motus proprius because that every Sphere hath a motion proper to it self As thaâ— of the Sun ☉ finisheth once about secundum seriem signorum in the space of 12 months which is called the Solar year Also Venus ♀ and Mercurie ☿ are moved about the same way in the same time But the Moon ☽ is moved about in one Month and the Month is oâ— two sorts for the time wherein the Moon ☽ departeth from any point of the Zodiack and returneth to it again is called the Periodicall Month or Month of peragration But the time wherein the Moon departeth from the Sun ☉ and overtaketh him again is called the Month of Consecration or Synodicaâ— Month. Mars ♂ moveth through the Zodiack in about two Solar years and that time is called the year of Mars ♂ Jupiter ♃ is moved through the Zodiack in about 12 Solar years and that time is called the year of Jupiter ♃ Saturne ♄ in about 30 years runneth through the Zodiack and that time is called the year of Saturne ♄ 3. The fixed Stars according to Ptolomie move about the Zodiack in 36000 Solar years But according to the Alphofines in 49000 years And according to Capernicus in 17000 years But Gassendus hath it 25000 years And this time is called the great year or Platonical year Secondly concerning the Divisions 1. First it is called Sphera recta or a right Sphere because in such position the Equinoctial cutteth the Horizon at right spherical angles The properties of the sphere is to have the Poles of the world ly in the Horizon and the Equinoctial passeth through the Zenith and Nadir and in this sphere not only the Equinoctial but also both the Trophicks and all other the Equinoctial parallels are divided into two equal parts by the right Horizon which causeth the daies and nights at all times of the yeat to be equal viz. 12 hours long between Sun rising and setting without alteration to those who live under the Equinoctial line 2. Secondly it is called Sphaera obliqua whereof there are so many in number as there be degrees minutes seconds c. in a Quadrant And it is called oblique because the Equinoctial cutteth the Horizon with an oblique angle The properties of this Sphere is to have one Pole elevated above the horizon and the other as far depressed Also because in this sphere the Equinoctial is divided equally by the Horizon and the parallels of the Equinoctial unequally therefore the daies and the nights are equal only twice a year viz. in the beginning of the Spring and Autumn at which times the Sun passeth over the first point of Aries ♈ and Libra ♎ but at all other times of the year the daies and nights are unequal 3. It is called Sphera parallela or a parallel Sphere because the Equinoctial being the same with the Horizon all the parallels of the Equinoctial are also parallels to the Horizon In this Sphere one of the Poles of the World is the Zenith and the other is the Nadir and in this Sphere the Sun continueth above the Horizon about half a year together and again as long under the Horizon whereby the artificial day and night are each about half a year long Thirdly now follow the propositions wrought by the Globe 1. To find the Suns place in the Ecliptick first find the day of the Month upon the Horizon and within upon the limb