Selected quad for the lemma: world_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
world_n	circle_n	pass_v	pole_n	1,949	5	11.4508	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09258	A briefe introduction to geography containing a description of the grounds, and generall part thereof, very necessary for young students in that science. VVritten by that learned man, Mr William Pemble, Master of Arts, of Magdalen Hall in Oxford.	Pemble, William, 1592?-1623.	1630 (1630)	STC 19571; ESTC S114325	20,167	42

it naturally or violently as clouds birds stones hurled vp or downe arrowes bullets and such like things violently shott forth as may appeare in the figure The fourth rule 4 The earth though it bee of exceeding greate quantity being considered in itselfe yet being compared to the Heauens especially the higher sphaeres is of noe notable bignes but may be accounted as a point or pricke in the middest of the world That the earth is noe bigger then a point or pinns head in comparison of the highest heauens will easily appeare vnto vs by these reasons 1 The starres which are many times bigger then the earth seeme yet to vs to bee noe bigger then a greate pinns head or such like quantity therefore much lesse shall the earth appeare to bee of any sensible magnitude 2 Wee alwaies beholde halfe the heauens aboue vs which could not bee if the earth had any sensible proportion to the heauen 3 All obseruations of hights and distances of the coelestiall bodies which are made on the superficies of the earth are as exact and true as if they were made in the very centre of the earth Which were impossible vnlesse the thicknes of the earth were insensible in regard of the Heauens 4 All Sunn Dialls which stand on the superficies of the earth doe as truely cast the shadowes of the houres as if they stood in the Center As for example The starre S appeares like a point or pricke to them that dwell in A wherefore the earth O X will appeare much lesse to the sight of him that should behold it from S nay it would not bee seene at all Againe halfe the Heauens B F E are alwayes seene to thē that dwell in A wanting some two minutes betweene E D and B C which difference is alltogether insensible Againe if wee obserue the height of the starre S aboue the Horizon B E it will bee all one namely B S whether wee obserue it in the topp of the earth in A or in the middle in O. For A and O are so little distant one from another that A S and O S will bee paralell lines and bee esteemed but 〈◊〉 one line The fourth reason concerning Dialls is cleare by the framing and constructio● of them wherein either the lower end of the Cocke or Gnomon whereat all the houre lines meet or the vpperend and knobb as in many Dialls is supposed to bee the Center of the earth CAP. 3. Of the parts of the terrestriall Globe THe properties of the earthly Globe haue beene handled in the former chapter wee come now to the parts which are two in generall Earth Water Both containe vnder them more particular parts to be knowne The more notable parts of the Earth are these 1 A Continent or maine Land or as some call it firme Land which is not parted by the Sea running betweene 2 An Iland a land compassed about with waters 3 A Peninsula a land almost surrounded by waters saue at one place where it ioynes by anarrow necke of land to the Continent this is also called Chersonesus 4 An Isthmus a streight necke of land which ioynes two countreys together and keepes the Sea from compassing the one 5 A Promontorie or head land running farre out into the Sea like a wedge All easie to bee knowne without any definition 6 A Mountaine 7 A Valley 8 A Champion plain 9 A Wood The more notable parts of the Water are these 1 Mare the Sea or Ocean which is the gathering together of all waters 2. Fretum a streight or narrow sea running betweene two lands 3 S●nu● a Creeke Gulfe or Bay when the sea runnes vp into the bosome of the land by a narrow enterance but openeth it broader when it is within if it bee very litell it is called a Hauen Portus 4 Lacus a Lake a little sea with in the land hauing riuers running into it or out of it or both If it hath neither it is calldd Staguum a standing Poole also Palus a senne 5 Fluvius a Riuer which from the pleasantnesse is also called Amnis from the smalnesse of it Rivus CAP. 4. Of the circles of the earth IN a round body as the earth is there can be no distinction of parts places without the helpe of some lines drawen or imagined to be drawen vpon it Now though there are not no● can be any circles truly drawen vpon the earth yet because there is a good ground in nature and reason of things for them we must imagine them to be drawen vpon the earth as truly as we see them described vpon a Globe or in a plaine paper Further this must be noted that all circles on the earth haue the like opposite vnto them conc●aved to be the Heavenes vnder which they are directly scituated Thus knowen the circles that wee are to take the speciall notice of are of two sorts Greater and Lesser The greater circles are those which devide this earthly globe into equall halfes or Haemispheres The lesser are those which devide it into two vnequall parts one bigger another lesse Of the former sort there are foure the 1 Aequator 2 Meridian 3 Horizon 4 Zodiack or Eclipticke 1 The Aequitor or Aequonoctiall li●e is a li●e dra●●● iust in the midst of the earth from East to West which compasseth it as a girdle doth a mans body and devideth it into two equall parts one 〈◊〉 the North side the other on the South The two points in the earth that are every way fa●hest distant from it North South are called the Poles of the earth which doe directly stand vnder the two like points in the Heaven so called because the Heaven turnes about vpon them as the Earth doth in a Globe that 's set in a frame This circle is of the first principall note and vse in Geography because all measurings for distances of places and quarters of the Earth are reckoned in it or from it It is called the Aequinoctiall because when the Sunne in the Heavens co 〈…〉 es to be directly over that circle in the earth the daies nights are of equall length in all parts of the world Marriners call it by a kind of excellency The line Vpon the Globe it is easily discerned being drawen bigger then any other circles from East to West and with small divisions 2 The Meridian is a line that is drawen quite crosse the Aequinoctiall and passeth through the Poles of the Earth going directly North and South It is called the Meridian because when the Sunne stands just over that circle it is Meridies i. d. noone day It may be conceaued thus at noone day when it is just twelue a clocke turne your face towards the South and then imagine with your selfe two circles drawen one in the Heavens passing from the North iust over your head through the body of the Sunne downe to the South and so round vnder the earth vp againe to the North Pole Another vpon the surface of the

Sunne comes it makes the shortest day in winter The Polar circles are two parallels drawne by the poles of the Zodiacke compassinge about the poles of the world being distant from them euery way 23 degrees These are two 1 The Articke Circle that compasseth about the North Pole it is so called because that in the Heauens where vnto this in the earth lies opposite runs through the constellation of the great Beare which in greeke is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2 The Antarticke circle that compasseth about the South Pole is placed opposite vnto the former All these with the former are easily known vpō the Globe by these descriptiōs names vsually added vnto thē But because maps are of an esier price more cōmon vse then Globes it will be needfull to shew how all these circles which are drawne most naturally vpon a round Globe may also as truly and profitably for knowledge and vse be described vpon a plaine paper Whereby we shall vnderstand the reason of those lines which we see in the vsuall Mapps of the world both how they are drawne and wherefore they serue Vnderstand therefore that in laying downe the globe vpon a plaine paper you must imagine the globe to be cut in two halfes through the midst and so to be pressed downe flat to the paper as if you should take a hollow dish and with your hand s●ui●ze the bottom down till it lie ●lat vpon a bord or any other plaine thing for then will those circles that before were of equall distance runne closer together towards the ●i●st After this conceit vniversall Maps are made of two fashions according as the globe may be devided two waies either cutting quite through by the meridian from North to South as if you should cut an apple by the eye and the stalke or cutting it through the Aequinoctiall East and West as one would divide an apple through the midst betweene the eye the stalke The former makes two faces or hemispheares the East and the West hemispheare ●he latter makes likewise two Hemisph●ares the North and the South Both suppositions are good and besitting the nature of the globe for is touching such vniversall maps wherein the world is repre●●nted not in two round faces but all in one square plot the ground wherevpon such descriptions are founded ●s l 〈…〉 naturall and agreeable to the globe for it supposeth the 〈◊〉 to be like a Cylinder or role of bowling allies which imagination vnlesse it be well qualified is vtterly false and makes all such mappes faulty in the scituation of places Wherefore omitting this we will shew the description of the two former only both which are easie to be done CAP. 5. Of divers Distinctions and Divisions of the earth NExt after the Circles of the Earth wee may not vnfitly handle the seuerall Divisions and distinctions which geographers make of the parts and inhabitants of the earth These are many but wee will briefely runne them ouer 1 The first and most plaine is by the Coasts of the Heauens and rising and Setting of the Sunne so it is distinguished into the East where the Sunne ariseth Oreins Ortus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 West where the Sunne goeth downe occidens North betweene both fromwards the Sunne at Noone Septentrio South betweene both towards the Sun at Noone Meridies These foure are called the cheife or Cardinall quarters of the world They with the others betweene them are easily knowne but are of more vse to Mariners then to vs Wee may rather take notice of those other names which by Astrono mers Geographers Divines and Poets are giuen vnto them Who somtime call the East the right hand part of the world sometime the West sometime the. North sometime South the diuersity is noted in these verses Ad Boream terrae Sed Coeli mensor ad Austrum Praco Dei exortum videt occasumque Poeta This serues for vnderstanding of Authors where in any mention is made of the right or left part of the World if for example ●e be a poet he means the South by the right hand the North by the left because a poet turnes his face to the West and so reckons the quarters of Heauen and Earth 2 The second distinction is by the notable differences of heat and cold that are observed on the earth this is the the division of the Earth by Zones or Cirdles which are parts of the Earth wherin heat and cold doe remarkably increase or decrease Those Zones are 5. 1 The hot or burning Zone Zona torrida which containes all that space of earth that lieth betweene the two Torpicks supposed heretofore but falsly as after experience hath shewed to be inhabitable by reason of heat the Sunne continually lying ouer some part of it 2. 3 The temperate Zones wherein neither heat nor cold is extreame but moderate these are two one on the North side of the Aequator betweene the Articke circle and the Torpicke of Cancer another on the South side betweene the Torpicke of Capricorne and the Antarcticke circle 4. 5 The cold or Frozen Zones wherein cold for the most part is greater then the heat these likewise are two one in the North betweene the Arcticke circle and the North Pole another on the South betweene the Antarctick circle and the South Pole These of all parts of the earth are worst inhabited according as extremity of cold is alwaies a greater enemy to mans body then extremity of heat 3 The third distinction is by the shadowes which bodies doe cast vpon the earth iust at nooneday for these doe not alwaies fall one way but diuersly according to their divers scituation vpon the Earth Now in respect of the shadowes of mens bodies the inhabitants of the earth are divided into the 1 Amphiscij 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whose shadow at noone day fall both waies sc. to the North when the Sunne is Southward of them to the South when the Sunne is Northward and such are those people that doe dwell in the hot Zone For the Sunne goes ouer their heads twice a yeare once Northward another time Southward when the Sunne is just ouer their heads they are called Ascij 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 without shadow 2 Heteroscij 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whose shadowes doe alwaies fall one way namely alwaies towards the North as those that dwell in the Northerne temperate Zone or alwaies to the South as those that dwell in the Southerne temperate Zone 3 Periscij 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whose shadowes goe round about them as those people who dwell in the two cold Zones for as the Sunne never goes downe to them after he is once vp but alwaies round about so doe their shadowes 4 The fourth distinction is by the scituation of the Inhabitants of the Earth compared on with another who are called either 1 Perioeci 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 such as dwell round about the Earth in one and the same paralell as