or_o second_o in_o the_o axis_n but_o out_o of_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o three_o beside_o both_o of_o they_o but_o it_o be_v not_o place_v according_a to_o any_o of_o these_o situation_n therefore_o must_v it_o need_v be_v in_o the_o centre_n 1_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o beside_o the_o axis_n for_o then_o first_o there_o will_v be_v no_o equinox_n at_o all_o in_o some_o place_n when_o the_o day_n and_o night_n shall_v be_v of_o a_o equal_a length_n second_o the_o afternoon_n and_o forenoon_n will_v not_o be_v of_o the_o same_o length_n because_o than_o our_o meridian_n line_n must_v divide_v the_o hemisphere_n into_o unequal_a part_n 2_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o axis_n but_o out_o of_o the_o equator_fw-la for_o then_o first_o the_o equinox_n will_v not_o happen_v when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o middle_a line_n betwixt_o the_o two_o solstice_n but_o in_o some_o other_o parallel_n which_o may_v be_v near_o to_o one_o of_o they_o according_a as_o the_o earth_n do_v approach_v to_o one_o tropic_n more_o than_o another_o second_o there_o will_v not_o be_v such_o a_o proportion_n between_o the_o increase_n &_o decrease_v of_o day_n and_o night_n as_o now_o there_o be_v 3_o it_o be_v not_o beside_o both_o of_o they_o for_o then_o all_o these_o inconvenience_n and_o sundry_a other_o must_v with_o the_o same_o necessity_n of_o consequence_n be_v infer_v from_o whence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v situate_v there_o where_o the_o axis_n and_o equator_fw-la meet_v which_o be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n to_o this_o we_o grant_v that_o the_o earth_n must_v needs_o be_v place_v both_o in_o the_o axis_n and_o equator_fw-la and_o so_o consequent_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o that_o sphere_n which_o we_o imagine_v about_o it_o but_o yet_o this_o will_v not_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o universe_n for_o let_v our_o adversary_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v as_o far_o distant_a from_o that_o as_o they_o conceive_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v yet_o may_v it_o still_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o very_a concourse_n of_o these_o two_o line_n because_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o imaginary_a line_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o our_o earth_n to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o likewise_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o earth_n betwixt_o both_o the_o pole_n which_o by_o imagination_n be_v continue_v even_o to_o the_o fix_a star_n thus_o also_o we_o may_v affirm_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v in_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o zodiac_n if_o by_o its_o annual_a motion_n it_o do_v describe_v that_o imaginary_a circle_n and_o in_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la if_o by_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n about_o its_o own_o axis_n it_o do_v make_v several_a parallel_n the_o midst_n of_o which_o shall_v be_v the_o equator_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o these_o two_o 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be_v situate_v in_o that_o which_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o sun_n orb_n yet_o will_v there_o not_o be_v any_o eclipse_n but_o when_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v diametrical_o opposite_a and_o our_o earth_n betwixt_o they_o as_o may_v clear_o be_v manifest_v by_o this_o figure_n where_o you_o see_v the_o two_o luminary_n in_o opposite_a sign_n and_o according_a as_o any_o part_n of_o our_o earth_n be_v situate_v by_o its_o diurnal_a revolution_n so_o will_v every_o eclipse_n be_v either_o visible_a or_o not_o visible_a unto_o it_o the_o last_o and_o chief_a argument_n be_v take_v from_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o star_n which_o in_o every_o horizon_n 4._o at_o each_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n 14._o and_o at_o all_o time_n of_o the_o year_n seem_v of_o a_o equal_a bigness_n now_o this_o can_v not_o be_v if_o our_o earth_n be_v sometime_o near_o unto_o they_o by_o 2000000_o german_a mile_n which_o be_v grant_v to_o be_v the_o diameter_n of_o that_o orb_n wherein_o the_o earth_n be_v suppose_v to_o move_v i_o answer_v this_o consequence_n will_v not_o hold_v if_o we_o affirm_v the_o earth_n orb_n not_o to_o be_v big_a enough_o for_o the_o make_n of_o any_o sensible_a difference_n in_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n 6._o yea_o but_o you_o will_v say_v it_o be_v beyond_o conceit_n and_o without_o all_o reason_n to_o think_v the_o fix_a star_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o distance_n from_o we_o that_o our_o approach_a near_a unto_o they_o by_o 2000000_o german_a mile_n can_v make_v any_o difference_n in_o the_o seem_a quantity_n of_o their_o body_n i_o reply_v there_o be_v no_o certain_a way_n to_o find_v out_o the_o exact_a distance_n of_o the_o starry_a firmament_n but_o we_o be_v fain_o to_o conclude_v of_o it_o by_o conjecture_n according_a as_o several_a reason_n and_o observation_n seem_v most_o likely_a unto_o the_o fancy_n of_o divers_a man_n now_o that_o this_o opinion_n of_o copernicus_n do_v not_o make_v it_o too_o big_a may_v be_v discern_v from_o these_o follow_a consideration_n the_o world_n great_a &_o little_a be_v relative_a term_n and_o do_v import_v a_o comparison_n to_o something_o else_o so_o that_o where_o the_o firmament_n as_o it_o be_v according_a to_o copernicus_n be_v say_v to_o be_v too_o big_a it_o be_v likely_a that_o this_o word_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o reference_n to_o some_o other_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n the_o least_o of_o which_o be_v the_o moon_n orb_n but_o now_o if_o it_o be_v be_v so_o much_o big_a than_o this_o may_v be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n why_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v too_o great_a than_o it_o seem_v that_o every_o thing_n which_o exceed_v another_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n in_o such_o a_o proportion_n may_v be_v conclude_v to_o be_v of_o too_o big_a a_o quantity_n and_o so_o consequent_o we_o may_v affirm_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n and_o hence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o whale_n and_o elephant_n be_v mere_a chimaera_n and_o poetical_a fiction_n because_o they_o do_v so_o much_o exceed_v many_o other_o live_v creature_n if_o all_o this_o eight_o sphere_n say_v gallilaeus_fw-la as_o great_a as_o it_o be_v be_v a_o light_a body_n and_o place_v so_o far_o from_o we_o that_o it_o appear_v but_o as_o one_o of_o the_o lesser_a star_n we_o shall_v then_o esteem_v it_o but_o little_a and_o therefore_o we_o have_v no_o reason_n now_o to_o thrust_v it_o out_o from_o be_v among_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n by_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v too_o great_a immensity_n it_o be_v a_o frequent_a speech_n of_o our_o adversary_n tycho_n fromundus_n and_o other_o in_o excuse_n of_o that_o incredible_a swiftness_n which_o they_o imagine_v in_o their_o primum_fw-la mobile_a that_o it_o be_v requisite_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n shall_v have_v a_o kind_n of_o infinity_n in_o it_o the_o better_a to_o manifest_v the_o infiniteness_n of_o the_o creator_n and_o why_o may_v not_o we_o as_o well_o affirm_v this_o concern_v the_o bigness_n of_o the_o heaven_n difficilius_fw-la est_fw-la accidens_fw-la praeter_fw-la modulum_fw-la subjecti_fw-la intendere_fw-la quam_fw-la subjectum_fw-la sine_fw-la accident_n augere_fw-la say_v keplar_n his_o meaning_n be_v that_o it_o be_v less_o absurd_a to_o imagine_v the_o eight_o sphere_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o bigness_n as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v without_o motion_n or_o at_o least_o have_v but_o a_o very_a slow_a one_o than_o to_o attribute_v unto_o it_o such_o a_o incredible_a celerity_n as_o be_v altogether_o disproportionable_a to_o its_o bigness_n 2_o it_o be_v the_o acknowledgement_n of_o clavius_n 1._o and_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o if_o the_o centre_n be_v fasten_v upon_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n the_o orb_n wherein_o he_o suppose_v the_o sun_n to_o
vileness_n of_o our_o earth_n because_o it_o consist_v of_o a_o more_o for_o do_v and_o base_a matter_n than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o must_v be_v situate_v in_o the_o centre_n which_o be_v the_o worst_a place_n and_o at_o the_o great_a distance_n from_o those_o pure_a incortuptible_a body_n the_o heaven_n i_o answer_v this_o argument_n do_v suppose_v such_o proposition_n for_o ground_n which_o be_v not_o yet_o prove_v and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v grant_v as_o 1_o that_o body_n must_v be_v as_o far_o distant_a in_o place_n as_o in_o nobility_n 2_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o more_o ignoble_a substance_n than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o planet_n consist_v of_o a_o more_o base_a and_o vile_a matter_n 3_o that_o the_o centre_n be_v the_o worst_a place_n all_o which_o be_v if_o not_o evident_o false_a yet_o very_o uncettaine_v 2_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o centre_n 2._o which_o be_v the_o place_n of_o rest_n and_o such_o as_o in_o all_o circular_a motion_n be_v its_o self_n immooveable_a and_o theresore_n will_v be_v the_o fit_a situation_n for_o rhe_n earth_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o heaviness_n be_v natural_o unfit_a for_o motion_n i_o answer_v this_o argument_n likewise_o be_v ground_v upon_o these_o two_o foolish_a foundation_n as_o 1_o that_o the_o whole_a frame_n of_o nature_n do_v move_v round_o except_v only_o the_o earth_n 2_o that_o the_o whole_a earth_n consider_v in_o its_o whole_a and_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n be_v heavy_a or_o more_o unfit_a for_o a_o natural_a motion_n than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o planet_n which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v such_o general_a ground_n from_o which_o contro_n versy_n shall_v be_v discuss_v that_o they_o be_v the_o very_a thing_n in_o question_n betwixt_o we_o and_o our_o adversary_n 3_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o heavy_a body_n 3._o which_o be_v to_o fall_v towards_o the_o low_a place_n from_o whence_o they_o conclude_v that_o our_o earth_n must_v be_v in_o the_o centre_n i_o answer_v this_o may_v prove_v it_o to_o be_v a_o centre_n of_o gravity_n but_o not_o of_o distance_n or_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o world_n yea_o but_o say_v our_o adversary_n aristotle_n for_o this_o urge_v a_o demonstration_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v infallible_a thus_o the_o motion_n of_o light_a body_n do_v apparent_o tend_v upward_o towards_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o world_n but_o now_o the_o motion_n of_o heavy_a body_n be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o other_o wherefore_o it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v that_o these_o do_v all_o of_o they_o tend_v unto_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n i_o answer_v though_o aristotle_n be_v a_o master_n in_o the_o art_n of_o syllogism_n and_o he_o from_o who_o we_o receive_v the_o rule_n of_o disputation_n yet_o in_o this_o particular_a it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o he_o be_v deceive_v with_o a_o fallacy_n whilst_o his_o argument_n do_v suppose_v that_o which_o it_o do_v pretend_v to_o prove_v that_o light_a body_n do_v ascend_v unto_o some_o circumference_n which_o be_v high_o and_o above_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a and_o undeniable_a but_o that_o this_o circumference_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o world_n or_o concentricall_a unto_o it_o can_v be_v reasonable_o affirm_v unless_o he_o suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v prove_v i_o will_v fain_o know_v from_o what_o ground_n our_o adversary_n can_v prove_v that_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n be_v to_o the_o centre_n or_o the_o ascent_n of_o light_a body_n to_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o world_n the_o utmost_a experience_n we_o can_v have_v in_o this_o kind_n do_v but_o extend_v to_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v upon_o our_o earth_n or_o in_o the_o air_n above_o it_o and_o alas_o what_o be_v this_o unto_o the_o vast_a frame_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n but_o punctulum_fw-la such_o a_o insensible_a point_n which_o do_v not_o bear_v so_o great_a a_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a as_o a_o small_a sand_n do_v unto_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o it_o be_v a_o senseless_a thing_n from_o our_o experience_n of_o so_o little_a a_o part_n to_o pronounce_v any_o thing_n infallible_o concern_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o argument_n from_o astronomy_n be_v chief_o these_o four_o each_o of_o which_o be_v boast_v of_o to_o be_v unanswerable_a 1_o the_o horizon_n do_v every_o where_o divide_v all_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o a_o sphere_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n 1._o so_o there_o be_v always_o half_a the_o equinoctial_a above_o it_o and_o half_o below_o thus_o likewise_o there_o will_v constant_o be_v six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o other_o six_o below_o it_o and_o beside_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o earth_n be_v each_o way_n proportionable_a to_o one_o another_o as_o fifteen_o german_a mile_n on_o the_o earth_n be_v every_o where_o agreeable_a to_o one_o degree_n in_o the_o heaven_n and_o one_o hour_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v correspondent_a to_o fifteen_o degree_n in_o the_o equator_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o the_o earth_n must_v necessary_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o circle_n and_o so_o consequent_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n i_o answer_v this_o argument_n do_v right_o prove_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o circle_n but_o we_o can_v hence_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n from_o which_o though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o much_o distant_a yet_o will_v it_o still_o remain_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o those_o circle_n because_o it_o be_v the_o eye_n that_o imagine_v they_o to_o be_v describe_v about_o it_o wherefore_o it_o be_v a_o weak_a and_o preposterous_a collection_n to_o argue_v thus_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n because_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o those_o circle_n or_o because_o the_o part_n and_o degree_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v answerable_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o part_n and_o degree_n in_o heaven_n whereas_o it_o follow_v rather_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o these_o circle_n be_v equal_o distant_a and_o proportional_a in_o their_o part_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o it_o be_v our_o eye_n that_o describe_v they_o about_o the_o centre_n of_o it_o so_o that_o though_o a_o far_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n do_v appear_v at_o one_o time_n than_o at_o another_o yet_o in_o respect_n of_o those_o circle_n which_o our_o eye_n describe_v about_o the_o earth_n all_o that_o we_o can_v see_v at_o once_o will_v seem_v to_o be_v but_o a_o perfect_a haemisphere_n as_o may_v be_v manifest_v by_o this_o follow_a figure_n where_o if_o we_o suppose_v a._n to_o be_v our_o earth_n b._n c._n d._n e._n one_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n which_o we_o fancy_v about_o it_o f._n g._n h._n i._n the_o orb_n of_o fix_a star_n r._n the_o centre_n of_o they_o now_o though_o the_o ark_n g._n f._n i._o be_v big_a than_o the_o other_o g._n h._n i._n yet_o yet_o notwithstanding_o to_o the_o eye_n on_o the_o earth_n a._n one_o will_v appear_v a_o semicircle_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o because_o the_o imagination_n do_v transfer_v all_o those_o star_n into_o the_o lesser_a circle_n b._n c._n d._n e._n which_o it_o do_v fancy_n to_o be_v describe_v above_o that_o centre_n nay_o though_o there_o be_v a_o habitable_a earth_n at_o a_o far_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n even_o in_o the_o place_n of_o jupiter_n as_o suppose_v at_o q._n yet_o then_o also_o will_v there_o be_v the_o same_o appearance_n for_o though_o the_o ark_n k._n f._n l._n in_o the_o starry_a heaven_n be_v twice_o as_o big_a as_o the_o other_o k._n h._n l._n yet_o notwithstanding_o at_o the_o earth_n q._n they_o will_v both_o appear_v but_o as_o equal_a hemisphere_n be_v transfer_v into_o that_o other_o circle_n m._n n._n o._n p._n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o sphere_n that_o the_o eye_n describe_v to_o itself_o above_o the_o earth_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v plain_o discern_v that_o though_o the_o earth_n be_v never_o so_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o the_o part_n and_o degree_n of_o that_o imaginary_a sphere_n about_o it_o will_v always_o be_v proportional_a to_o the_o part_n and_o degree_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o another_o demonstration_n like_a unto_o this_o former_a 2._o frequent_o urge_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v this_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n then_o must_v it_o be_v situate_v in_o these_o three_o position_n either_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la 5._o but_o out_o of_o the_o axis_n
another_o in_o the_o zodiac_n all_o this_o may_v easy_o be_v solve_v by_o suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o move_v in_o a_o eccentrical_a orb_n about_o the_o sun_n thus_o suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v at_o c._n then_o the_o sun_n at_o a._n will_v seem_v to_o be_v in_o the_o sign_n ♋_o and_o at_o the_o great_a distance_n from_o we_o because_o the_o earth_n be_v then_o in_o the_o far_a part_n of_o its_o eccentricke_a when_o after_o by_o its_o annual_a motion_n it_o have_v pass_v successive_o by_o the_o sign_n ♒_o ♓_o ♈_o ♉_o ♊_o at_o length_n it_o come_v to_o the_o other_o solstice_n at_o b._n where_o the_o sun_n will_v appear_v in_o ♑_o and_o seem_v big_a as_o be_v in_o its_o perigie_n because_o our_o earth_n be_v then_o in_o the_o near_a part_n of_o its_o eccentricke_a as_o for_o all_o other_o appearance_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o concern_v the_o annual_a motion_n you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o follow_a figure_n that_o they_o be_v exact_o agreeable_a to_o this_o hypothesis_n the_o axis_n upon_o which_o our_o earth_n do_v move_v be_v represent_v by_o the_o line_n b._n c._n which_o axis_n do_v always_o decline_v from_o that_o of_o the_o ecliptic_a about_o 23_o degree_n thirty_o minute_n the_o point_n b._n c._n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v the_o pole_n b._n the_o north_n pole_n and_o c._n the_o south_n now_o if_o we_o suppose_v this_o earth_n to_o turn_v about_o its_o own_o axis_n by_o a_o diurnal_a motion_n than_o every_o point_n of_o it_o will_v describe_v a_o parallel_n circle_n which_o will_v be_v either_o big_a or_o lesser_a according_a to_o its_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n the_o chief_a of_o they_o be_v the_o equinoctial_a d._n e._n the_o two_o tropic_n f._n g._n and_o h._n i._n the_o two_o polar_a circle_n m._n n._n the_o arctic_a and_o k._n l._n the_o antarcticke_a of_o which_o the_o equinoctial_a only_o be_v a_o great_a circle_n and_o therefore_o will_v always_o be_v equal_o divide_v by_o the_o line_n of_o illumination_n m._n l._n whereas_o the_o other_o parallel_n be_v thereby_o distribute_v into_o unequal_a part_n among_o which_o part_n the_o diurnal_a arch_n of_o those_o that_o be_v towards_o b._n the_o north_n pole_n be_v big_a than_o the_o nocturnal_a when_o our_o earth_n be_v in_o ♑_o and_o the_o sun_n appear_v in_o ♋_o insomuch_o that_o the_o whole_a arctic_a circle_n be_v enlighten_v and_o there_o be_v day_n for_o half_a a_o year_n together_o under_o that_o pole_n now_o when_o the_o earth_n proceed_v to_o the_o other_o solstice_n at_o ♋_o and_o the_o sun_n appear_v in_o ♑_o then_z that_o hemisphere_n must_v be_v involve_v in_o darkness_n which_o do_v before_o partake_v of_o light_n and_o those_o parallel_n towards_o the_o north_n &_o south_n pole_n will_v still_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o same_o inequality_n but_o those_o big_a part_n which_o be_v before_o enlighten_v will_v now_o be_v darken_v &_o vice_fw-la versa_fw-la as_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o n._n the_o arctic_a circle_n m._n n._n be_v whole_o enlighten_v and_o the_o antarcticke_a k._n l._n altogether_o in_o the_o dark_a so_o now_o when_o it_o be_v in_o a._n the_o antarcticke_a k._n l._n will_v be_v whole_o in_o the_o light_n and_o the_o other_o m._n n._n altogether_o obscure_v whereas_o the_o sun_n before_o be_v vertical_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n at_o the_o tropic_a f._n g._n so_o now_o be_v he_o in_o the_o same_o situation_n to_o those_o that_o live_v under_o the_o other_o tropic_n h._n i._n and_o whereas_o before_o the_o pole_n do_v incline_v twenty_o three_o degree_n thirty_o minute_n towards_o the_o sun_n so_o now_o do_v it_o recline_v as_o much_o from_o he_o the_o whole_a difference_n will_v amount_v to_o 47_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o one_o tropic_n from_o the_o other_o but_o now_o in_o the_o two_o other_o figure_n when_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o either_o of_o the_o equinoctial_o ♈_o ♎_o the_o circle_n of_o illumination_n will_v pass_v through_o both_o the_o pole_n and_o therefore_o must_v divide_v all_o the_o parallel_n into_o equal_a part_n from_o whence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o day_n and_o night_n must_v then_o be_v equal_a in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o world_n as_o the_o earth_n be_v here_o represent_v in_o ♎_o it_o turn_v only_o the_o enlighten_v part_n towards_o we_o as_o it_o be_v in_o ♈_o we_o see_v it_o be_v nocturnal_a hemisphere_n so_o that_o according_a to_o this_o hypothesis_n we_o may_v easy_o and_o exact_o reconcile_v every_o appearance_n concern_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o day_n and_o night_n winter_n and_o summer_n together_o with_o all_o those_o other_o variety_n which_o depend_v upon_o they_o if_o you_o will_v know_v how_o the_o planet_n according_a to_o the_o systeme_n of_o the_o heaven_n will_v appear_v direct_a stationarie_a retrograde_a and_o yet_o still_o move_v regular_o about_o their_o own_o centre_n you_o may_v plain_o discern_v it_o by_o this_o follow_a diagram_n where_o suppose_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v at_o a._n the_o circle_n b._n g._n m._n to_o be_v the_o orb_n of_o the_o earth_n motion_n and_o that_o above_o it_o note_v with_o the_o same_o letter_n to_o be_v the_o sphere_n of_o jupiter_n and_o the_o uppermost_a of_o all_o to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o zodiac_n in_o the_o starry_a heaven_n now_o if_o you_o conceive_v the_o letter_n bcdef_a ghiklm_n and_o bcdef_a ghiklm_n to_o divide_v the_o earth_n orb_n and_o that_o of_o jupiter_n into_o several_a part_n proportionable_a to_o the_o slowness_n or_o swiftness_n of_o their_o different_a motion_n jupiter_n finish_v his_o course_n in_o twelve_o year_n and_o the_o earth_n in_o one_o then_o suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v at_o the_o point_n b._n and_o jupiter_n likewise_o in_o his_o orb_n to_o be_v situate_v at_o b_o he_o will_v appear_v unto_o we_o to_o be_v in_o the_o zodiac_n at_o the_o point_n r._n but_o afterward_o both_o of_o they_o move_v forward_o to_o the_o letter_n cc._n jupiter_n will_v seem_v to_o be_v in_o the_o zodiac_n at_o five_o as_o have_v pass_v direct_o forward_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n and_o so_o likewise_o each_o of_o they_o be_v transfer_v to_o the_o place_n dd._n ee._n jupiter_n will_v still_o appear_v direct_a and_o to_o have_v move_v in_o the_o zodiac_n unto_o the_o point_n yz_n but_o now_o when_o the_o earth_n come_v to_o be_v more_o immediate_o interpose_v betwixt_o this_o planet_n and_o the_o sun_n as_o when_o both_o of_o they_o be_v at_o the_o letter_n ff._n then_o will_v jupiter_n be_v discern_v in_o the_o zodiac_n at_o x._o so_o that_o all_o the_o while_n the_o earth_n be_v pass_v the_o arch_n e_o f_o jupiter_n do_v still_o remain_v betwixt_o the_o point_n z_o and_o x_o and_o therefore_o must_v seem_v unto_o we_o as_o if_o he_o be_v stationary_a but_o afterward_o both_o of_o they_o be_v carry_v to_o gg._n than_o jupiter_n will_v appear_v at_o s_o as_o if_o by_o a_o hasty_a motion_n he_o have_v return_v from_o his_o former_a course_n the_o space_n x_o s._n both_o of_o they_o pass_v to_o h_z h_z this_o planet_n will_v still_o seem_v to_o be_v swift_o retrograde_a and_o appear_v in_o the_o point_n at_o p_o but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o point_n i_o i._o jupiter_n will_v then_o seem_v to_o be_v slow_a in_o this_o motion_n and_o to_o have_v only_o pass_v the_o space_n p_o n._n both_o of_o they_o be_v transfer_v to_o k_o k._n jupiter_n will_v then_o appear_v in_o the_o zodiac_n at_o o_o as_o be_v again_o direct_v go_v forward_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n and_o while_o the_o earth_n do_v pass_v the_o arch_n ik_fw-mi jupiter_n then_o remain_v between_o the_o point_n n_o o._n and_o so_o consequent_o do_v again_o seem_v to_o be_v stationary_a both_o of_o they_o come_v to_o l_o l._n &_o thence_o to_o m._n n._n jupiter_n will_v still_o appear_v direct_a and_o to_o have_v go_v forward_o in_o the_o zodiac_n from_o q_o to_o t._n so_o that_o all_o the_o space_n wherein_o jupiter_n be_v retrograde_a be_v represent_v by_o the_o arch_n n_o z._n in_o which_o space_n he_o himself_o move_v in_o his_o own_o orb_n the_o arch_n e_o i_o and_o so_o the_o earth_n in_o its_o orb_n a_o proportional_a space_n ei._n as_o it_o have_v be_v say_v of_o this_o planet_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o applyable_a to_o the_o other_o saturn_n mars_n venus_n mercury_n all_o which_o be_v thus_o make_v to_o appear_v direct_a stationarie_a and_o retrograde_a by_o the_o motion_n of_o our_o earth_n without_o the_o help_n of_o those_o epicycle_n and_o eccentrick_n and_o such_o unnecessary_a wheel_n work_v wherewith_o ptolomey_n have_v fill_v the_o heaven_n insomuch_o that_o here_o 18._o fromondus_n be_v fain_o to_o confess_v nullo_n argumento_fw-la in_o speciem_fw-la probabiliori_fw-la 3._o motum_fw-la terrae_fw-la
move_v will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o reach_v so_o far_o in_o the_o eight_o sphere_n be_v consider_v according_a to_o ptolemy_n hypothesis_n as_o to_o touch_v the_o polestar_n which_o notwithstanding_o say_v he_o be_v so_o near_o the_o pole_n itself_o that_o we_o can_v scarce_o discern_v it_o to_o move_v nay_o that_o circle_n which_o the_o polestar_n make_v about_o the_o pole_n be_v above_o four_o time_n big_a than_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o adversary_n though_o our_o earth_n be_v at_o that_o distance_n from_o the_o centre_n as_o they_o suppose_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v yet_o will_v not_o this_o eccentricitie_n make_v it_o near_o to_o any_o one_o part_n of_o the_o firmament_n than_o the_o polestar_n be_v to_o the_o pole_n which_o according_a to_o his_o confession_n be_v scarce_o sensible_a and_o therefore_o according_a to_o their_o opinion_n it_o will_v cause_v very_o little_a difference_n in_o the_o appearance_n of_o those_o star_n the_o big_a of_o which_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o above_o five_o cubit_n in_o its_o diameter_n 3_o it_o be_v considerable_a that_o the_o sphere_n of_o saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n be_v according_a to_o the_o general_a opinion_n of_o very_o great_a extension_n and_o yet_o each_o of_o they_o be_v appoint_v only_o to_o carry_v about_o its_o particular_a planet_n which_o be_v but_o very_o little_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n now_o if_o for_o the_o situation_n of_o these_o fix_a star_n there_o shall_v be_v allot_v a_o proportionable_a part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o their_o orb_n must_v be_v far_o big_a than_o it_o be_v common_o suppose_v and_o very_o near_o to_o this_o opinion_n of_o copernicus_n 4_o we_o usual_o judge_v the_o bigness_n of_o the_o high_a orb_n by_o their_o different_a motion_n as_o because_o saturn_n finish_v his_o course_n in_o thirty_o year_n and_o jupiter_n in_o twelve_o therefore_o we_o attribute_v unto_o those_o orb_n such_o a_o different_a proportion_n in_o their_o bigness_n now_o if_o by_o this_o rule_n we_o will_v find_v out_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o eight_o sphere_n we_o shall_v discern_v it_o to_o be_v far_o near_o unto_o that_o bigness_n which_o copernicus_n suppose_v it_o to_o have_v than_o that_o which_o ptolemy_n tycho_n and_o other_o ordinary_o ascribe_v unto_o it_o for_o the_o starry_a heaven_n say_v they_o do_v not_o finish_v his_o course_n under_o 26000_o year_n whereas_o saturn_n which_o be_v next_o unto_o it_o do_v compass_v his_o orb_n in_o thirty_o year_n from_o whence_o it_o will_v probable_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a distance_n betwixt_o these_o in_o place_n because_o they_o have_v such_o different_a term_n of_o their_o revolution_n but_o against_o this_o answer_n unto_o the_o last_o argument_n our_o adversary_n thus_o reply_v 1_o if_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v so_o far_o distant_a from_o we_o 1._o that_o our_o approach_a near_a unto_o they_o by_o 2000000_o german_a mile_n do_v not_o make_v any_o sensible_a difference_n in_o their_o appearance_n then_o gallilaeus_fw-la his_o perspective_n can_v not_o make_v they_o seem_v of_o a_o big_a form_n than_o they_o do_v to_o the_o bare_a eye_n which_o yet_o be_v contrary_a to_o common_a experience_n 2_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v ibid._n that_o the_o least_o fix_a star_n be_v big_a than_o all_o this_o orb_n wherein_o we_o suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o move_v because_o there_o be_v none_o of_o they_o but_o be_v of_o a_o sensible_a bigness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n whereas_o this_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o 3_o since_o god_n do_v at_o first_o create_v the_o star_n for_o the_o use_n of_o all_o nation_n that_o be_v under_o the_o wholeheaven_n deut._n 4._o 19_o ibid._n it_o may_v have_v argue_v some_o improvidence_n in_o he_o if_o he_o have_v make_v they_o of_o such_o vast_a magnitude_n whereas_o they_o may_v as_o well_o bestow_v their_o light_n and_o influence_n and_o so_o consequent_o be_v as_o serviceable_a to_o that_o end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v appoint_v if_o they_o have_v be_v make_v with_o less_o body_n and_o place_v near_o unto_o we_o and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a maxim_n that_o nature_n in_o all_o her_o operation_n do_v avoid_v superfluity_n and_o use_v the_o most_o compendious_a way_n i_o answer_v 1_o to_o the_o first_o whether_o the_o perspective_n do_v make_v the_o fix_a star_n appear_v big_a than_o they_o do_v to_o the_o bare_a eye_n can_v certain_o be_v conclude_v unless_o we_o have_v such_o a_o exact_a glass_n by_o which_o we_o may_v try_v the_o experiment_n but_o if_o in_o this_o kind_n we_o will_v trust_v the_o authority_n of_o other_o 1._o keplar_n tell_v we_o from_o the_o experience_n of_o skilful_a man_n that_o the_o better_a the_o perspective_n be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o will_v the_o fix_a star_n appear_v through_o it_o be_v but_o as_o mere_a point_n from_o which_o the_o beam_n of_o light_n do_v disperse_v themselves_o like_o hair_n and_o it_o be_v common_o affirm_v by_o other_o that_o the_o dogstar_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o big_a star_n among_o those_o of_o the_o first_o magnitude_n do_v yet_o appear_v through_o this_o glass_n but_o as_o a_o little_a point_n no_o big_a than_o the_o fifty_o part_n of_o jupiter_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o though_o the_o common_a opinion_n hold_v the_o star_n of_o the_o first_o magnitude_n to_o be_v two_o minute_n in_o their_o diameter_n and_o tycho_n three_o yet_o 3._o gallilaeus_fw-la who_o have_v be_v most_o verse_v in_o the_o experiment_n of_o his_o own_o perspective_n conclude_v they_o to_o be_v but_o five_o second_n 2_o to_o the_o second_o first_o we_o affirm_v the_o fix_a star_n to_o be_v of_o a_o vast_a magnitude_n but_o however_o this_o argument_n do_v not_o induce_v any_o necessity_n that_o we_o shall_v conceive_v they_o so_o big_a as_o the_o earth_n be_v orb._n for_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v prove_v that_o though_o a_o star_n of_o the_o six_o magnitude_n be_v but_o equal_a in_o diameter_n unto_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v far_o enough_o from_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o earth_n orb_n yet_o the_o starry_a heaven_n will_v be_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n from_o we_o that_o the_o earth_n annual_a motion_n can_v not_o cause_v any_o difference_n in_o its_o appearance_n suppose_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v about_o half_a a_o degree_n ibid._n as_o our_o adversary_n grant_v whereas_o a_o star_n of_o the_o six_o magnitude_n be_v fifty_o three_o which_o be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o of_o the_o sun_n 2160_o time_n now_o if_o the_o sun_n be_v remove_v so_o far_o from_o we_o that_o its_o diameter_n will_v seem_v but_o as_o one_o of_o that_o number_n whereof_o it_o now_o contain_v 2160_o then_o must_v his_o distance_n from_o we_o be_v 2160_o time_n great_a than_o now_o it_o be_v which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o a_o star_n of_o the_o six_o magnitude_n be_v sever_v from_o we_o by_o so_o many_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n orb._n but_o now_o according_a to_o common_a consent_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n do_v contain_v 128_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o as_o be_v say_v before_o this_o suppose_a distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n do_v comprehend_v 2160_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n orb_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o comparison_n to_o its_o distance_n from_o the_o sun_n will_v be_v almost_o double_o big_a than_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n orb_n in_o comparison_n to_o this_o distance_n of_o the_o star_n but_o now_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v make_v very_o little_a difference_n in_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o sun_n because_o we_o see_v common_a observation_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v as_o exact_o true_a to_o the_o sense_n as_o if_o they_o be_v make_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o it_o wherefore_o that_o difference_n which_o will_v be_v make_v in_o these_o fix_a star_n by_o the_o annual_a course_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v needs_o be_v much_o more_o unobservable_a or_o rather_o altogether_o insensible_a 2_o the_o consequence_n of_o this_o argument_n be_v ground_v upon_o this_o false_a supposition_n that_o every_o body_n must_v necessary_o be_v of_o a_o equal_a extension_n to_o that_o distance_n from_o whence_o there_o do_v not_o appear_v any_o sensible_a difference_n in_o its_o quantity_n so_o that_o when_o i_o see_v a_o bird_n fly_v such_o a_o height_n in_o the_o air_n that_o my_o being_n near_o unto_o it_o or_o far_o from_o it_o by_o ten_o or_o twenty_o foot_n do_v not_o make_v it_o seem_v unto_o my_o eye_n either_o big_a or_o less_o then_o i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o bird_n must_v needs_o be_v either_o