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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43256	The touch-stone of the reformed gospel wherein the principal heads and tenents of the Protestant doctrine (objected against Catholicks) are briefly refuted. By the express texts of the Protestants own Bible, set forth and approved by the Church of England. With the ancient fathers judgements thereon, in confirmation of the Catholick doctrine.	Heigham, John, fl. 1639.; Kellison, Matthew, attributed name.	1676 (1676)	Wing H1370E; ESTC R216621	50,365	158

to be condemned as a Heathen for not telling 〈◊〉 hearing a Church which hath so closely lain hid that no man could here see feel or understand it for a thousand years 2 Cor. 4.3 But if our Gospel be hia● it is hid to them that are lost Loe th● censure of S. Paul upon all such as affirm that the Church or her Gospel ca● be hid Isai 2.2 And it shall come to pas● in the last days that the mountain 〈◊〉 the Lords house shall be established i● the top of the mountains and shall b● exalted above the hills and all nation shall flow unto it In hundreds of place do the Prophesies mention this Kingdom of Christ as Dan. 7.14 Mich● 4.7 c. Which should be all in vain if this his kingdom could be invisible for a Prophesie must be of things which may be seen and perceived by our senses otherwise every man might be a Prophet and foretel of things to come which if they should not come to passe he might answer that they had come to pass in very deed as he had prophesied but that they were invisible to the world Lo the visible absurdities of this invisible Church See more Psa 27.8 Rom. 19.14 1 Cor. 11.19 Psa 19.3 4. Isai 60.20 Act. 20.21 Isa 61.9 ¶ The Fathers commonly affirmed the same Origen hom 30. in Matth. The Church is full of light even from the East to the West S. Chrysostom hom 4. in 6. of Isai It is easier for the sun to be extinguished then the Church to be darkned S. Aug. tract in John calls those blinde that do not see so great a mountain S. Cyp. de Vnitate Ecclesiae to the same purpose They maintain IX That the Church was not always to remain Catholick or universal and that the Church of Rome is not such a Church COntrary to the expresse words of their own Bible Psalm 2.8 Ask of me and I shall gi●e thee the Heathen for thine inheritance and the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession And Luke 1.33 He shall reign over the h●use of Jacob for ever and of his kingdom there shall be no end But none of these promises have been any where else so much verified as in the Church of Rome therefore both the Church had been alwayes universal the Church of Rome only such a Church Colos 1.3 c. We give thanks to God for you c. Since we heard your faith c. For the hope which is laid up for you in heaven whereof ye heard before in the word of the truth of the Gospel which is come unto you as it is in all the world and bringeth forth fruit as it doth also in you since the day you heard of it and knew the grace of God in truth But no Faith or Gospel hath or is so dilated in all the world nor hath fructified and grown for so we read as the faith of the Roman Church hath done as appears more plainly by this which follows Rom. 1.8 First I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all that your faith is spoken of throughout the whole world Where in express terms S. Paul calls the faith of the whole world or Catholick faith the faith of the Romans that is of the Church of Rome Therefore the Church of Rome and no other is truly and indeed such a Church See more Colos 1.32 Gon. 22.18 Mat. 24.46 Acts 1.8 Dan. 2.25 Luke 24.4.7 Psal 46.9 Psal 72.8 we 71. Mark 16.20 Ezech. 13.3 Mat. 21.19 Acts 1.8 All which places are to be understood not that the whole world should be Catholick at one and the same time but that the whole should be converted to Christ at sundry times and that it shold comprehend a greater part of the world then any Sect of hereticks shold ever do and this is the true sense of being Catholick or Universal ¶ And to follow still our former Rule hear the Fathers that affirm the same S. Cypr. ep 57. writing to Cornelius Pope of Rome saith Whilest with you there is one mind and one voice the whole Church is confessed to be the Roman Church S. Aug. de unitat Eccles cap. 4. saith Who so dissent from the body of Christ which is the Church that they do not communicate with all the whole corps of Christendom certain it is that they are not in the Catholick Church S. Hierom in his Apologie against Ruffinus and in other places saith that it is all one to say Roman faith and the Catholick faith Again S. Aug. upon the Psal 45. we 44. but much more excellently in ep 161. ad Honorat The place begins Dignere ergo rescribere nobis As also cont lib. Petil. l. 2. cap. 16. The Reformers hold X. That the Churches Vnity is not necessary in all points of faith COntrary to the express words of their own Bible Ephes. 4.5 One Lord One Faith One Baptism Therefore Unity is necessary in all points of faith The reason is for that the Church being a Congregation of the faithful one Faith is necessary to make one Church but our Adversaries differ in matters of faith therefore they have not the Unity requisite to one Church James 2.10 Wh●soever shall keep the whole Law and yet offend in one point he is guilty of all And even so it is in our faith for who so denies one Article denies all Acts 4.32 And the multitude of them that believed were of one heart and of one soul And again 1 Cor. 1.10 New I beseech you Brethren by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ that ye all speak the same thing and that there be no divisions among you that ye be perfectly joyned together the same minde and in the same judgment Whereas our Adversaries are a hundred several minds and judgments there being an infinity of Se● among them without any the le●●● shew of Unity And therefore ca●●● not be the true believers mentioned 〈◊〉 the Apostles See more Jerem. 32.39 Cant. 2. ● Psal 67.7 Mat. 12.25 Mark 24. Luk 11.1 Mat. 18.19 Ephe●●● 2.14 15 16.8.22 Ephes 5 2● Philip. 3.16 Philip. 1.26 27. Ga●● 5.9 and 1.8 Colos 3.15 John 1.11 2 Cor. 13.11 Psal 121.3 ¶ And lastly to check by our common Rule the breakers of this Uni● and Rule S. Aug. eited by the M●nuduc p. 134. saith In Cathedra un●tatis posuit Deus doctrinam verstatis In the chair of Unity God hath place the Doctrine of verity As also cont●● Par. l. 3. cap. 5. The place begin Qui non vult sedere S. Cyprian li●● de unitat Eccles nu 3. saith Thi●unity of the Church he that h●ldeth not ●oth he think he holds the faith S. ●ilary lib. ad Constantinum Augu●um and many others XI ●hat S. Peter was not ordained by Christ the first Head or Chief among the Apostles and that among the twelve none was greater or lesser than other Contrary to the expresse words of their own Bible Mat. 10.2 Now he names of the twelve

is not given to all the faithfull but to some only in particular yea he presupposeth that one may have the gift even to work miracles and yet may want the gift truly to interpret the Word of God Therefore a man by his own private spirit cannot rightly interpret Scripture 2 Peter 1.20 Knowing this first that no Prophesie of the Scripture is of any private interpretation for the Prophesie came not in old time in the Margent or at any time by the will of man ●ut holy men of God spake as they were moved by the holy Ghost See how clear●y the Apostle taketh this faculty and ●uthority from a private and prophane man restraining the same to a company ●nd society of men and those also of ●ome special note for their sanctity ●nd holinesse assuring us that they ●pake as they were moved by the ho●● Ghost 1 John 4.1 Beloved beleeve not very spirit but try the spirits whether they are God By which words we a●● taught that the spirits of others are t● be examined whether they proce●● from God or not but this Caveat ca●not be understood of the spirit of th●● whole Church since then it would fo●low that there should be none left t● try the said spirit of the Church eve●● particular man being included therei● If then it be to be meant of priva●● men as needs it must it follows th●● a private spirit cannot be this Judg●● since it self is to undergo the Judgement and examination of some other● ¶ The Fathers that affirm the sa●● are S. Aug. epist 16.2 and l. de B●●ptismo cap. 18. ad Epictetum S. Ba●● epist 78. S. Amb epist 32. S. L●● epist 53. S. Hier. lib. cont Lucifer● nos Vincent Lyr. cont prophan her● novitates Yea Martin Luther hi●self the Protestants great Grand-F●ther saith lib. de potestate Papae 〈◊〉 are not certain of any private pers●● whether he hath the revelation of the ●●ther or no but that the Church hath 〈◊〉 we ought not to doubt They affirm VI. That S Peters faith hath failed COntrary to the express words of their own Bible Luke 22.31.32 ●imon behold Sathan hath desired to ●ave you that he may sift you as wheat ●ut I have prayed for thee that thy ●aith fail not Sathan required to sift ●hem all the Apostles but our Lord ●ere prayed for Peter onely that his ●aith principally might not fail There●ore S. Peters faith hath not failed Matth. 16.18 And I say unto thee ●●at thou art Peter and upon this rock 〈◊〉 will build my Church and the gates 〈◊〉 hell shall not prevail against it But ●●d S. Peters faith failed the gates of ●●ll had long ago no doubt prevailed Matth. 23.2 The Scr●bes and the ●harises sit in M●ses seat all therefore ●hatsoever they bid you observe that ●●serve and do How could Christ bid ●●e people of the old Law ●o all what●●ever he shold bid them by those that sate in Moses chair if they could err● But God hath no lesse preserved th● truth of Christian Religion in the cha● of S. Peter which is in the new La● answerable to that of Moses in the o● Therefore neither S. Peters Faith n● Chair hath failed John 11 49 51. Speaking of Caip● the High-priest saith And this he spa●●● not of himself but being High priest th● year he prophesied that Jesus should for that Nation See how in this m● wicked time of the Sinagogue the ve●● Dregs and out-cast of that disobedie● people yet speaking forth of that Cha●● which Christ had commanded to heard and obeyed touching matters faith answer truly and their chief shops prophesie ¶ So Leo ser 3. de assump sua affir● the same The danger was common all the Apostles but our Lord took spe●● care of Peter that the state of all the might be more sure if the Head were vincible They affirm VII That the Church can err and hath erred COntrary to the express words of their own Bible Isai 59.21 As ●or me this is my Covenant with them saith the Lord. My spirit that is upon thee and my words which I have but in thy mouth shall not depant out of thy mouth nor out of the mouth of thy ●eed nor out of the mouth of thy seeds seed from henceforth and for ever Therefore the Church cannot err John 14.16 I will pray the Father and he shall give you another Comforter that he may abide with you for ever even the spirit of truth But the Apostles themselves lived not for ever therefore this is to be understood of the perpetual aboad of the spirit of truth with their Successors Matth. 18.17 And if he neglect to hear the Church let him be unto thee ●as an heathen man and a Publican Whence is clearly to be gathered tha● the Church in her Censure cannot er● Isai 35.8 And a high way shall 〈◊〉 there and a way and it shall be call the way of Holiness the unclean sha●● not press over it but it shall be for those the waifaring men though fools sha●● not err therein How far deceive then are many simple souls who do a●firm that the whole Church and a● holy men that ever have been there●● for these thousand years how wi●● soever have all erred Ephes 5.27 That he might prese●● it to himself a glorious Church n● having spot or wrincle or any su●● thing but that it should be holy a● without blemish Note well these word without spot wrincle or any blemis● and tell me now if it be possible tha● reading this thou canst ever believ● that she hath ever taught such horrib●● blasphemies and abominations as a● this day she is charged with See more John 16.13 Ephes 5 2● Isai 9.7 Ezech. 37.26 Luke 22 3● Mat. 22.3 1. Pet. 2.9 John 17 1● Cor. 11.25 Ps●l 10.25.29 Ephes 2.10 John 10.16 Acts 4.32 Eph●s 4.5.11 Luke 10.16 Deut. 17.8 Jerem. 3.15 Malac. 27. M●t. 16.18 Acts 15.28 2. Cor. 13.8 1. Tim. 3.15 ¶ The Fathers a firm the same expresly S. Aug. cont Cres●on lib. 1. cap. 3. Also upon the 118. Isal t●e place begins Ne auferas de ere meo verbum veritatis usquequaque S. Cypr. Epist 55. ad Cornel. num 3. S. Irenaeus lib. 3. cap. 4. with many others They affirm VIII That the Church hath been hidden and invisible COntrary to the expresse words of their own Bible Mat. 5.14.15 Ye are the light of the world a City that is set on a hill cannot be hid Neither do men light a candle and put it under a bushel but on a candlestick and it giveth light to all that are in the house But the Catholick Church is such a light such a candle and such a City built upon Christ as upon 〈◊〉 mountain therefore had not nor ca● be hidden nor is invisible Mat. 18.17 Tell the Church if 〈◊〉 neglected to hear thee but if he neglect to hear the Church let him be unto th● as a heathen man and a Publican Bu● it were a very hard case

Apostles are ●hese The first Simon who is called Peter All the Evangelists do put Pe●er in the first place and wicked Judas in the last And wherefore this but because the one was first in dignity and worthiest of the rest and contrari wise the other last and unworthiest of all his fellows Again why as Peter is called First are not the rest called Second Third c. But to shew thereby that they did not therefore call Peter first because he occurred first to be named but because he was th● First both in dignity and authority whom therefore they all number First and call the First Mat. 16.18 And I say also un●●thee that thou art Peter and upon th● reck I will build my Church and th● gates of hell shall not prevail agains● it Words clearly insinuating S. Peter Supremacy in the Church of God fo● according to the Greek and Syria● text as our Doctors note these words Thou art Peter sound thus Thou ar● a Rock and upon this Rock I will build my Church So that to say that Peter is the rock of the Church is as much as to call him chief or head of the Church Neither without special mystery did our Lord impose upon him this new name the name Peter a Rock o● Stone being one of the most excellent names of Jesus Christ who is many times in holy Scripture termed by the name of a Rock or Stone as Psal 117.22 Isai 28.6 Dan. 24. Mat. 21.42 Rom. 9.33 So that this Sovereign absolute Pastor of the Church did communicate this new name unto his Vicat to represent the more lively the supreme authority which he would give him over his flock And note that Christ saith not I have built or I do build but I will build the Church being built upon himself from his Incarnation and so as these words reserred to Christ as our Reformers use to do do not well agree to the building of the Church upon Christ as head thereof for the time to come but most fitly agree to S. Peter as Head thereof for the time to come Matth. 16.19 And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of Heaven c. By these words also no less than by the former is clearly signified S. Peters Supremacy For none hath the government or commandement of the keys of any Town or City but the Prince Governour or Magistrates of the same And that sovereign Power signified by the Keyes is likewise proved by that of our Saviour Christ I have the keys of hell and of death Apoc. 1.18 As also by the key of David which openeth and no man shutteth shutteth and no man openeth Now add to this that hath been said the correspondency of the words of ou● Saviour to S. Peter with the words of S. Peter again to him and how clear will this doctrine appear For when our Lord asked his disciples Matth. 16.15 Whom say ye that I am he demanded not how they called his name which was Jesus for that they knew full well before but what his quality office and dignity was And S. Peter answering Thou art Christ the Son of the living God Jesus told him not his Name which was Simon but gave him another name and such an one as likewise signified the office quality and dignity that he bestowed upon him saying Thou art Cephas or Petrus that is to say Rock or Peter Therefore he ordained him Head c 1 Cor. 3.4 22. For while one saith I am of Paul I am of Apollo I of Cephas I of Christ c. See how from those he would have esteemed lesser he ascends to those whom he would have esteemed greater and placeth Peter next to Christ Luke 22.31 32. And the Lord said Simon Simon c. When thou art con●erted strengthen we read confirm thy b●ethren Now what other things is it for Peter to strengthen or confirm his brethren but to practise and exercise his greatnesse over them For he that doth strengthen or confirm others is the greater and they who are strengthened or confirmed are made thereby inferior to him who doth strengthen or confirm them Luke 22.26 He that is greatest amongst you let him be as the yonger and he that is the chief as he that doth serve Where the words He that is greatest is chief do evidently shew that amongst the twelve one was greater than another and was so accounted even by Christ himself John 21.15.16.17 Jesus said to Simon Peter Simon lovest thou me more than these Feed my Lambs feed my sheep where the Greek hath in the second place for feed govern or rule Hence it follows that either the Apostles were not accounted to be in the flock of Christ or else they were subject to S. Peter as to their head when Christ commanded him to feed or govern not onely his Lambs to wit the lay people but his sheep also that is the Apostles and Pastors themselves for besides Lambs and Sheep there is nothing in the Church of God Again if S. Peter loved our Lord more than all his fellow-Apostles did it follows necessarily that he received more power to feed than all the rest did For it cannot be conceived that he is willed to love more than to feed but he loveth more than others therefore he is willed to feed more than the others and consequently to be head of the others Matth. 12.25 26. Every kingdom divided against it self is brought to des●lation And if Satan can cast out Satan c. Satan therefore hath a Kingdom whereof he is the chief If then there be not onely a visible Head of the Church triumphant in heaven but also a visible head even in hell why not a visible head also on earth See more Psa 18 43. Psa 45.16 we 49. Wark 2.16 Act. 1.13 Luke 1.33 2 Cor. 11.5 ¶ The Holy Fathers doe commonly affirm the same Theophilactus in Luke 22. calls Peter Prince of the Disciples Eusebius in Chron. cals him the First Bishop of Christians S. Cyril of Hier. cat 2. Prince and most excellent of all the Apostles S. Chrysost hom 55. in Matth. Pastor and head of the Church Euthym. in cap. ult John Master of the whole world S. Leo epist 89. Head and chief of the Apostles They also hold XII That a woman may he Head or supreme Governess of the Church in all causes as the late Queen Elizabeth was COntrary to the expresse words of their own Bible 1 Tim. 11.12 Let the woman learn in silence with all subjection But I suffer not a woman to teach nor to usurpe authority over the man Therefore a woman cannot be Head of the Church 1 Cor. 14.34 Let women hold their peace in the Churches for it is not permitted them to speak but to be subject as all the Law saith Therefor c ¶ I produce no Fathers for disproof of this point for never was any woman so presumptuous in our Fore-Fathers days as to take upon her such