carefull to serue him to set forth his glory and to build his Church as they ought to be Lastly to conclude this whole treatise we learne by these two last actions that as Samuel howsoeuer he did greatly mislike the alteration of the former state and the setting vp of this new gouernment yet whenas it was once by the permission of God and the importunitie of the people established he did labour that it should continue for euer for the which purpose he did both write the doctrine of it in a booke and also laide the saide booke before the Lorde so we doe labour to continue that gouernment which is in force in that place or country where we liue although we doe perhaps imagine yea perswade our selues that we could finde out a better forme of gouernment which should be voyde of those in conueniences which we see in the present state For as the wise men of this world teach vs there is nothing more troublesome dangerous yea pernitious to any people then the alteration of the forme of gouerment which is in force and as the wisdome of God speaketh in the scripture noâ—â—ing is more hainous odious in the sight of God and man then to seeke the subuersion of magistrates states and kingdomes FINIS Printed at London for Robert Dexter 1596. CHAP. I. Of the Catholicke Church Sect. 1. Of the name and definition of the Catholicke Church THE Church whereof we are nowe to entreate in greek and latine is called Ecclesia the which worde is diuersely taken in the scripture for in the naturall acception it doth generally signifie any assemblie of men met about any matter as we may see Act. 19.39 But for somuch as the scripture doth onely by occasion make mention of ciuill meetinges therefore it doth for the most part signifie a holie assemblie of men mette about holy and diuine matters whereof the booke of God doth wholly and of set purpose entreate Yea in this second sense it is diuersely vsed first for the triumphant Church of the state whereof we doe not speake any thing in this treatise because it is neither needfull nor yet possible for vs to know it and therfore not lawfull to labour in the curious searching of it it being not reuealed in the worde of God Secondly the worde Ecclesia is vsed to signifie the Church militant wherin we are now conuersant and therfore it doth greatly belong vnto vs to know the state of it because God hath appointed it to be the way whereby we must passe to the triumphant Church In this sense we doe heere entreat of the Church And lastly euen in this third sense the name of the Church is diuersly vsed to wit first for the whole Church heere on earth as it is in all those places where it is put for all the faithfull people in the worlde as namely 1. Cor. 10.32 Giue no offence neither to the Iewe or Gentile nor to the Church of God that is to none that beleeueth Secondly for the whole viâ—ible Church as we reade 1. Cor. 12.28 God hath put in his Church Apostles Prophets Pastors Doctors For although neyther the catholicke nor yet the visible Church doth come togither in one place yet because all the members of them both are ioyned together in the bond of the spirite and in the vnitie of faith the word Ecclesia is properly giuen vnto them Lastly it signifieth a particular Church which is a member of the whole as the Church at Corinth or any other mentioned in the writinges of the Apostles But in the first place we are to speake not of the particular Church but of the whole Church heere on earth which is vsually called the Church militant because it fighteth against the enemies of our saluation to wit this present worlde sinne sathan and his manifolde temptations It is also called although not in the scripture the catholicke Church the worde Catholicke is most commonly opposed to hereticall and attributed to that man or Church which doth holde the syncere doctrine of religion without any great errour especially by them who doe falsely imagine and teach that the greater parte is alwaies the sounder and more syncere in doctrine But heere we vse it in the proper and naturall sense to signifie the whole vniuersall Church which is thus defined The catholike Church is the whole number of those men who in any part of the worlde serue the true God in Iesus Christ. In this definition we are to consider and explane diuerse pointes Sect. 2. Of the place of the Catholicke Church AND first of the place of the catholicke Church it is not any one towne citie prouince nation or kingdome whatsoeuer but the whole worlde 1. Cor. 1 1. in euerie part whereof God hath some that serue him because he will haue no part wholly either shut out from the participation of his mercy or left without excuse or yet destitute of his presence as if he were thrust cleane out from the possession of it The trueth whereof appeareth in the scripture which sheweth that howsoeuer the visible Church and the open profession of religion was till the time of the gospell shut vp within one familie kindred or country yet that God was both knowen and serued by some in other places euen in all the partes of the world So we read Actes 2. That there were men of all the nations vnder heauen which feared God and there a particular enumeration is made of them Parthians Medes Elamites the inhabitanteâ— of Mesopotamia of Iudea Cappadocia Pontus Asia Phrygia and Pamphilia Aegypt Lybia Cyrene Rome Creta and Arabia So Christ giueth commission to his Apostles Mark 16.15 to preach to all nations in the worlde and accordingly Paule witnesseth that the gospell was spred into the whole world and did daily fructifie and increase Coll. 1.6 Likewise Peter doth obserue this point of the vniuersalitie of the Church Act. 10.34.35 in Cornelius saying I perceiue of a trueth that God doth not regard persons that is that he doth not tie himself to the nation of the Iewes or to any other but that in euery nation he that feareth God is accepted of him So Act. 13.17 yet this is to be noted that whenas al the people of the world are brought within the coÌ„passe of one place then the catholick Church also is contained in the same place so it becommeth a particular Church So in the beginning whenas there was no man liuing out of Adams familie the catholicke Church was contained within the limites thereof Likewise in the generall destruction of the worlde both all the people of the worlde and the whole Church were shut vp in Noahs Arke This exception beeing made this doctrine standeth true That no particular place house citie country or nation whatsoeuer but euen the whole world is the subiect and place of the Catholicke Church Sect. 3. That hypocrites are members of the Catholike Church ALthough the catholicke Church be despersed ouer the whole worlde yet not all nor many in comparison of the infidels but a verie fewe belong vnto it And therefore we are in the next place to see who are the members of it and of whom it doth consist The answere to this point we haue in the definition which saith that all who serue God in any part of the worlde are of the catholicke Church For
father but in the sonne in whome onely he is well pleased And therefore the nation of the Iewes hauing reiected Christ is by that meanes reiected of God from being his people neyther are they to be accounted members of the Church although they serue God with neuer so great zeale Rom. 11. The same account we are to make of the Turkes Saracens Moores and all those nations which professe the religion of Mahomet the which we confesse doth retaine diuerse pointes of christianitie yea and that if it be well marked it wil be sound a close or mysticall Arianisme couering and glosing ouer many waightie pointes of faith with iudaicall types and poeticall fictions that it being by this meanes made darke and aenigmaticall might be more highly esteemed by blinde and ignorant men Whereas if it had beene set downe in a plaine and simple manner it woulde haue beene easely vndestood disputed of and in the ende altogether contemned Yet forsomuch as this religion doth not worship and honour Iesus Christ as the onely sonne of God and sauiour of the world as the first Arians therefore 〈◊〉 the professours of it cannot be accounted members of the Church but meere infidels separated from Christ and voyde of the hope of eternall saluation Sect. 7. Of the attributes of the catholicke Church THus we hauing the definition of the catholicke Church are further to consider the nature and state of it in certaine properties which are attributed vnto it Of the which this may be the first that out of the catholicke Church there is no saluation and therefore all the heathen all vnbeleeuing Iewes Turkes and generally all Infidels whatsoeuer doe liue and die to the iudgement and sight of man in the state of eternall damnation This the scripture witnesseth in many places as namely 2. Thes. 2.8 God in the last iudgement shall render vengeance to al that know not God and obey not the gospel of our Lorde Iesus Christ and yet this sentence of damnation which the scripture pronounceth on infidels is so to be vnderstoode as that we doe alwaies except the infinite power and mercy of God who both can as hath beene before touched doth in all partes of the world saue some and that by extraordinarie meanes vnknowen to vs where the ordinarie way is wanting The second attribute of the catholicke Church is this that it can neuer erre in the foundation of religion which is all one as if we did say the catholicke Church neuer ceaseth to be or with this there is continually in the worlde a number of men which serue the true God in Iesus Christ. The trueth of this appeareth by the storie of the Church in the holie scripture and in other bookes which shewe by whome and in what places God hath beene truelie worshipped in euery seuerall age And no maruaile for if the Church shoulde cease to be in the worlde then the world it selfe shoulde haue an ende which was created and doth continue chiefely for this ende to wit to be an habitation for the Church As we reade 1. Cor. 2.16 All thinges are yours euen the verie worlde that is all thinges doe serue as meanes for your good and for the working of your saluation In this sense the Apostle saith 1. Tim. 3.13 That the Church is the piller and firmament that is a most firme and sure piller of trueth to wit of the true religion and worshippe of God And yet the catholicke Church may erre in matters of religion yea euen in those pointes which are waightie and are neare about the foundation it selfe although it alwaies remaine sure and stedfast So it is manifest that the ignorances and errours of the Church which were from the beginning vntill the comming of Christ were both many and greate as hath beene noted before And howe greate errours haue preuailed throughout the whole Church in most of the ages since that time we who liue in this light of the gospell doe easelie and plainely see Yea we knowe that which the Apostle saith 1. Cor. 13. that while the faithfull are in this worlde they see knowe and prophecie but in part and cannot be wholly freed from errour till they see the Lorde perfectly and in him all thinges So we reade Leuit. 4.13 that there was a sacrifice appointed for the expiation of the generall errour of the whole people of the Iewes who then were the whole visible Church of God Thirdlie the catholicke Church doth continually encrease in number and doth consist of moe in the latter ages of the worlde then in the former For before the time of the lawe the Lord was knowen and worshipped onely of a fewe families or kindreds but afterwardes of a great populous nation but since the comming of Christ the Church â—oth enlarge her tentes and receiueth all the nations of the earth Likewise in the first ages of the gospell there was no nation country or citie no not any one towne or village which did generally receiue it but onely a fewe heere and there the rest remaining in infidelitie but in the ages following great nations generally yea infinite multitudes of people became christians Yea this number shall continually encrease vntill the fulnesse of the gentiles be come into the Church whereof the Apostle speaketh Rom. 11. and then shall the nation of the Iewes make a notable addition to this number The cause of this increase is for that God doth not reueale himselfe and his word all at once to the world but by degrees by little and little Where this may also profitably be noted that as the number of beleeuers so also their knowledge doth increase the word of God being much more plentifully reuealed in the latter times they being generally considered then it was in the former As touching the number we know that the visible Church by the which we may certainely gather the state of the catholicke Church was vntill the time of Moses contained within the compasse of one kindred till the comming of Christ in one nation but afterwarde it spred it selfe ouer the whole world Yea the latter times of the gospell shall daily more and more exceede the first in number of beleeuers because now both the ful number of the gentiles and also of the Iewish nation is to come into the Church And in like manner the latter times doe exceede the former in knowledge Fourthly the catholicke Church hath no heade or ruler heere on earth neyther any externall gouernment but is ordered by the spirituall gouernment of Christ who is the onely heade of it For the gouernment and rules prescribed by God to his Church haue place and are put in practise onely in particular Churches which are the members of the catholicke Church Fiftly the catholicke Church is inuisible for that it consisteth not onely of particular Churches which are visible but also of particular men which serue God yet so as that they are not knowen by
as a king may deuide the whole worlde into his owne subiectes who liue within his dominions knowe obey and honour him and into forrenners who are without the compasse of his iurisdiction doe him no seruice make no account of him and in briefe haue no kinde of dealing with him so all men liuing in the worlde are eyther Gods subiectes and seruantes liuing within the compasse of the catholicke Church and as it is written Ephes. 2.12.19 Citizens with the faintes and of the houshold of God or else they are aliantes from the common wealth of Israell without the promise couenant or hope of saluation yea without God in the worlde But forsomuch as God is serued many waies in deede or in shewe onely sincerely or hypocritically purely or corruptly fully or after an imperfect manner in knowledge or in ignorance and after many other differences therefore we are to search out what manner of seruing God doth make a man to be a member of the catholicke Church wherunto we answere that the outward profession of the true seruice of God although ioyâ—ed with impotencie of performing any actual seruice yea with hypocrisie corruption imperfection errour and heresie will serue for this purpose and doth make a man a true member of the catholicke Church For the first difference some serue God actually by praying to God or praising him by hearing his word and obeying it or which is all in all by trusting fearing and louing God in heart namelie so many of the Church as haue comne to yeares of discretion but there are some who cannot serue God by any of these meanes or any other of the same kinde to witte infantes who by reason of the infirmitie of their age cannot heare or vnderstande and therefore can neither knowe nor beleeue God or serue him in any actuall manner Yet they may and doe by the helpe of others take vpon them and beare the true profession of the seruice of God by receiuing the sacrament of initiation or first entrance into the Church by the which meanes they become true members of the catholicke Church as well as men of ripe age The trueth heereof appeareth 1. Corin. 7.14 where the Apostle saith that the children of the Christians are holy meaning euen the yongest infantes as they are borne of faithfull parentes not that the faith of the parentes or the sacrament of the Church doth adde any inward and reall holinesse vnto them but onely giueth vnto them a holy profession or an outward profession of holinesse and of faith and also imputed righteousnesse and supposed holinesse if they belong to Gods election In like manner vnder the lawe all the young children of the Iewes especially after they had receiued the sacrament of circumcision were counted members of the Church and in the number of the holy people of God And therefore God complaineth of the Iewes offering their young ones in sacrifice to idols that they gaue his children to Moloch Ezec. 16.21 Thus much of those who become members of the Church by meere profession nowe we come to the actuall seruing of God the which where it is in sinceritie of hart and life perfourmed it maketh one a member of Christâ—s mysticall bodie much more theâ— of his Church here on earth But all the controuersie is of them in whome this actuall seruice is imperfect as it is first in hypocrites who want the inward seruice of the heart as also heretikes doe some part of the sinceritie of doctrine and dissolute men the seruice of outwarde life and ignorant idiotes the seruice of the minde and lastly as the dispersed members of the Church wante the publike worshippe of God The answere in generall is this that howsoeuer the imperfect seruice of hypocrites wicked men heretikes and idiotes be not acceptable in the sight of God yet it is sufficient to make them true members of the militant Church but we will come to the seuerall consideration of them And first of hypocrites by the which name we call those men in whome the outwarde seruice is perfect in that they both hold and professe the whole trueth of christian religion and also expresse the same in their liues both in worde and deede and yet doe not serue GOD in spiritte and trueth but are destitute of true faith and of all the rest of the effectuall graces of the sanctifying spiritte springing thereof This manner of seruing GOD is not pleasing but rather odious and abhominable to him Esay 1.14 and therefore it is not auailable for the saluation of any but rather maketh mens damnation the more iust yet it giueth vnto them the name of the members of the Church For it is confessed of all that hypocrites may be true ministers in a particular Church as Iudas was a true Apostle whereof it doth necessarelie followe that they are true members of the Church for the teachers and rulers of a Church are the chiefe members of it So that as in a common-wealth or kingdome they who haue freedome and interest in such bodies eyther by nature or fauour are counted true subiectes as long as they liue in outwarde obedience to lawes yea though they be knowen to beare in their heartes an vnnaturall and disloyall affection to their country or prince so it is in the Church with hypocrites destitute of the true faith and loue of God But howe can hypocrites be made true members of the Church which is the bodie of Christ seeing that they haue no coniunction with Christ who is the heade of the Church For the resoluing of this doubt we must consider both Christ the heade and the Church his bodie two diuerse waies for Christ as he is a sauiour is a heade to the mysticall bodie of the elect onely vnto whome he giueth by his spirite effectuall grace spirituall motion and eternall life In this respect hypocrites haue no more to doe with Christ or his Church then darknesse hath with light but heere we doe not meddle with the mysticall body of the Church Secondlie Christ is the kinge Lorde and ruler of his Church militant heere on earth in the which respect hee is a heade not onely to the faithfull but also to hypocrites to whom hee giueth spirituall graces ministeriall giftes and ecclesiasticall functions euen as he maketh the sunne to shine vppon the iust and the vniust first he communicateth to them the giftes of knowledge wisedome doctrine and exhortation of tongues of miracles and prophesie Ephesians 4.8 Where he like a victorious king triumphing ouer his enemies ascended into heauen and gaue
is called the visible Church by relation had to the catholik Church the which by reason of the dispersed members of it is inuisible as hath bene declared whenas euery particular Church yea euen priuate Churches and so consequently the visible Church consisting thereof doth make a publick profession of the fayth This visible Church doth continually existe in the world forsomuch as GOD hath appointed that his name shoulde continually as longe as the worlde endureth be called vpon and worshipped in one place or other as the story of the Ch. doth witnes We confesse that it hath often lurcked in secret places and often been so ouer-shadowed with errours superstition and idolatrie that it could hardly be discerned and so hath been euen as the sunne is in the eclipse yet neuer wholly taken away for whenas there was but one particular Ch. in the world yea this particular church was not publick but priuate within one mans family and secret lurking in a corner so that they who liued at that time or in the ages following could not define where the Church was at such a time yet that Church made the visible Church For their profession was visible and open among themselues and also to others although it were not seen at that instant for a thing which is not actually seen may be visible Secondly this is to be noted that in the first ages of the world before the time of the Gospell the visible Ch. did often consist of one only particular church there being no moe in the world but since the publishing of the gospel it hath hitherto shall alwaies consist of many Lastly as touching the place of this visible Ch. although it be not tyed to any certaine place yet it hath alwaies bene cheifly in some one parte of the world So we knowe that first it was wholly in the east partes in the countries of Mesopotania Syria Iurie and others adioyning vnto these Afterwards in the first time of the gospell it was cheifly in Asia And in these last ages we see that it hath been almost wholly in Europe and whether God will change the dwelling place of it again or no euen transporte it to the fourth parte of the world lately found out or to any other place it is knowne to himselfe onely Diuers â—ther points should be added for the full declaration of â—he nature and state of the visible Church But many of them aâ—â— common with the catholick Church and therefore are handled in the first Chapter where they may be considered The rest we cut off for breuities sake because this treatise is already growen beyond our purpose and expectation So then to conclude if to this visible Church we do adde the dispersed members of the catholick Church we haue the catholick Church And so the end of this treatise is brought to the beginning FINIS Why the people desired an alteration of the state The occasion of this alteration Magistracie Gods ordinance The church hath neuer beene without magistracie How God erecteth magistracie among infidels Why God appointed magistracie In what respect the magistrate beareth the image of God The kingdome of Israel a type of Christes kingdome How God was the king of Israel The iudicial law in part abrogated by the erecting of this kingdome God put from his kingdome What authoritie the people had before the time of the Kinges No authoritie in Israel but in the hands of the king The king to his subiects as a father to his children The prophets neuer reproue the people for not resisting the idolatrous kings Vnlawfull to vse violeeÌ„e against the kiâ—g in the maintenance of religion The people could not resume their liberty giuen into the handes of the kings It belonged not to the people but to God to nominate the king Saul remained the lawfull king of Israell after that Dauid was annointed and appointed to the kingdome The rebellion of Ieroboam of the tenne tribes vnlawfull Hazaels rebellion foretold by God but not permitted God would not take the kingdome from Dauids posterity The kingdome so annexed to the house of Dauid that it could not be taken from it God neuer approued any conspiracy made against any of the kings With what weapons this people might fight against their kinges Why absolute monarchies were more in vse in the first ages of the world The gouernment of the kings compared with the former Ecclesiasticall persons subiect to the authoritie and iurisdiction of the king God deferred the building of the Temple till that the kingdome were erected The Church with the common welth make but one bodie Resisting of wicked kings weakeneth the authority of good kings Ecclesiastical constitutions made by the authority of the kinges The kings exempted from the Iudiciall lawes Great power bringeth with it great maiesty The diuine original of this kingdome made it maiesticall The annointing of these kinges signified the holinesse of their persons and functions Long continuance of hereditarie succession made this kingdome strong and maiesticall What made the gouernment of the Iudges to be contemned The statelinesse of this kingdome in the daies of Salomon The maiesty of this kingdome increase and decrease as did the sinceritie of religion The kinge might lawfully exact of the people not only for necessarie vses but for pompe pleasure An absolute Monarchie is a chargeable and costly gouernment The people had this gouernment in great reuerence and estimation This kingdome standeth yet in Christ. The people account the kinges better then ten thousand of themselues This gouernment doth more resemble the authority of God then any other kind doth Why God was offended with the people asking a king God did alwaies like this gouernment and purpose to establish it God the author of kingdomes and the setter vp of kinges The kinge held his kingdome as from God and was subiect to his will and worde This example of Samuel teaching the people the state of the kingdome is to be followed by the ministers of Gods word Nothing better beseeming Christians then due subiection to magistates A compendious abstract of the state of the kingdome of Israel Care to be had of posterity Alteration of gouernment in any common wealth troublesome and dangerous The worde Catholicke not vsed in the scripture The catholicke Church was twise contained in one familie The profession of the true religion maketh one a member of the catholicke Church Infantes are members of the catholike Church Hypocritical professours are members of the catholicke Church Excommunication doth not separate from the catholicke but only froÌ„ the visible Church Heretikes as Arians and papistes are to be counted members of the catholicke Church The papist holdeth the foundation of Christian religion Whole Churches haue held grieuous errours The state of the Church before the comming of Christ. Faith and fundamentall errours together The same errour more pernitious at one time theÌ„ at another Greater hope of the saluation of an ignorant then of a learned