we_o be_v here_o we_o must_v worship_v god_n with_o respect_n to_o our_o present_a state_n and_o consequent_o of_o necessity_n have_v some_o definite_a and_o particular_a time_n to_o do_v it_o in_o now_o that_o man_n may_v not_o be_v leave_v to_o a_o float_a uncertainty_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o so_o great_a importance_n in_o all_o age_n and_o nation_n man_n have_v be_v guide_v by_o the_o very_a dictate_v of_o nature_n to_o pitch_v upon_o some_o certain_a season_n wherein_o to_o assemble_v and_o meet_v together_o to_o perform_v the_o public_a office_n of_o religion_n what_o and_o how_o many_o be_v the_o public_a festival_n institute_v and_o observe_v either_o among_o jew_n or_o gentile_n i_o be_o not_o concern_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o for_o the_o ancient_a christian_n they_o ever_o have_v their_o peculiar_a season_n their_o solemn_a and_o state_v time_n of_o meet_v together_o to_o perform_v the_o common_a duty_n of_o divine_a worship_n of_o which_o because_o the_o lordsday_n 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imperial_a edict_n of_o the_o first_o christian_a emperor_n but_o the_o more_o proper_a and_o prevail_a name_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o die_v dominica_n the_o lordsday_n as_o it_o be_v call_v by_o s._n john_n himself_o 10._o as_o be_v that_o day_n of_o the_o week_n whereon_o our_o lord_n make_v his_o triumphant_a return_n from_o the_o dead_a 99_o this_o justin_n martyr_n assure_v we_o be_v the_o true_a original_n of_o the_o title_n upon_o sunday_n say_v he_o we_o all_o assemble_v and_o meet_v together_o as_o be_v the_o first_o day_n wherein_o god_n part_v the_o darkness_n from_o the_o rude_a chaos_n create_v the_o world_n and_o the_o same_o day_n whereon_o jesus_n christ_n our_o saviour_n rise_v again_o from_o the_o dead_a for_o he_o be_v crucify_v the_o day_n before_o saturday_n and_o the_o day_n after_o which_o be_v sunday_n he_o appear_v to_o his_o apostle_n and_o disciple_n by_o this_o mean_n observe_v a_o kind_n of_o analogy_n and_o proportion_n with_o the_o 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the_o christian_n constant_o observe_v this_o day_n meet_v together_o for_o prayer_n expound_v and_o hear_v of_o the_o scripture_n celebration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n and_o other_o public_a duty_n of_o religion_n upon_o the_o day_n call_v sunday_n say_v j._n martyr_n all_o of_o we_o that_o live_v either_o in_o city_n or_o country_n meet_v together_o in_o one_o place_n 98_o and_o what_o they_o then_o do_v 10._o he_o there_o describe_v 97._o of_o which_o afterward_o this_o doubtless_o pliny_n mean_v when_o give_v trajan_n a_o account_n of_o the_o christian_n he_o tell_v he_o that_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o meet_v together_o to_o worship_n christ_n stato_fw-la die_fw-la upon_o a_o set_v certain_a day_n by_o which_o he_o can_v be_v reasonable_o understand_v to_o design_n no_o other_o but_o the_o lord_n day_n for_o though_o they_o probable_o meet_v at_o other_o time_n yet_o he_o take_v notice_n of_o this_o only_a either_o because_o the_o christian_n who_o he_o have_v examine_v have_v not_o tell_v he_o of_o their_o meeting_n at_o other_o time_n or_o because_o this_o be_v their_o most_o public_a and_o solemn_a convention_n and_o which_o in_o a_o manner_n swallow_v up_o the_o rest_n by_o the_o violent_a persecution_n of_o those_o time_n the_o christian_n be_v force_v to_o meet_v together_o before_o day_n so_o pliny_n in_o the_o same_o place_n tell_v the_o emperor_n 168._o that_o they_o assemble_v before_o daylight_n to_o sing_v their_o morning_n hymn_n to_o christ_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o tertullian_n so_o often_o mention_n their_o nocturnal_a convocation_n for_o put_v the_o case_n that_o his_o wife_n after_o his_o decease_n shall_v marry_v with_o a_o gentile-husband_n among_o other_o inconvenience_n he_o ask_v she_o whether_o she_o think_v he_o will_v be_v willing_a to_o let_v she_o rise_v from_o his_o bed_n to_o go_v to_o their_o night
according_a to_o the_o faith_n and_o trust_n that_o we_o have_v in_o he_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n athenagoras_n 5._o in_o his_o return_n to_o this_o charge_n diagoras_n indeed_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o deep_a atheism_n and_o impiety_n but_o we_o who_o separate_a god_n from_o all_o material_a be_v and_o affirm_v he_o to_o be_v eternal_a and_o unbegotten_a but_o all_o matter_n to_o be_v make_v and_o corruptible_a how_o unjust_o be_v we_o brand_v with_o impiety_n it_o be_v true_a do_v we_o side_n with_o diagoras_n in_o deny_v a_o divinity_n when_o there_o be_v so_o many_o and_o such_o powerful_a argument_n from_o the_o creation_n and_o government_n of_o the_o world_n to_o convince_v we_o of_o the_o existence_n of_o god_n and_o religion_n then_o both_o the_o guilt_n and_o punishment_n of_o atheism_n may_v deserve_o be_v put_v upon_o we_o but_o when_o our_o religion_n acknowledge_v one_o god_n the_o maker_n of_o the_o universe_n who_o be_v uncreate_v himself_o create_v all_o thing_n 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novelty_n that_o be_v charge_v upon_o christianity_n christianity_n except_v and_o cry_v out_o against_o as_o a_o late_a novel_a doctrine_n this_o a_o common_a charge_n continue_v when_o christianity_n have_v be_v some_o hundred_o of_o year_n in_o the_o world_n christianity_n great_o prejudice_v by_o this_o charge_n man_n loath_a to_o forsake_v the_o religion_n of_o their_o ancestor_n what_o the_o christian_n answer_v to_o it_o christian_n religion_n the_o same_o in_o substance_n and_o effect_n with_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_a jew_n in_o that_o respect_n by_o far_o the_o old_a religion_n in_o the_o world_n prove_v and_o urge_v by_o tertullian_n cl._n alexander_n eusebius_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v lateness_n and_o novelty_n no_o real_a prejudice_n to_o rational_a and_o unbiased_a man_n the_o folly_n and_o vanity_n of_o adhere_v to_o absurd_a and_o unreasovable_a custom_n and_o principle_n because_o ancient_a and_o of_o refuse_v to_o change_v opinion_n for_o the_o better_a a_o objection_n if_o christ_n and_o christianity_n be_v so_o great_a blessing_n to_o mankind_n why_o be_v it_o so_o long_o before_o god_n reveal_v they_o answer_v out_o of_o arnobius_n this_o artifice_n prove_v weak_a and_o ineffectual_a the_o next_o charge_n be_v its_o lateness_n and_o novelty_n that_o it_o be_v a_o upstart_n sect_n and_o but_o of_o yesterday_n stand_v not_o know_v in_o the_o world_n many_o year_n before_o whereas_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o gentile_n have_v uncontrollable_o and_o almost_o universal_o obtain_v from_o age_n and_o generation_n a_o doctrine_n new_o spring_v up_o and_o come_v as_o it_o be_v from_o a_o far_a country_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o it_o be_v in_o theophilus_n antiochenus_fw-la b._n a_o divorce_n or_o rend_v themselves_o from_o the_o institution_n of_o their_o ancestor_n 46._o as_o tertullian_n have_v it_o this_o charge_n begin_v betimes_o when_o s._n paul_n preach_v at_o athens_n 18._o we_o find_v this_o the_o first_o thing_n charge_v upon_o he_o that_o he_o be_v a_o setter_n forth_o of_o strange_a god_n because_o he_o preach_v to_o they_o jesus_n and_o the_o resurrection_n and_o it_o be_v follow_v with_o a_o loud_a cry_n in_o succeed_a time_n you_o be_v wont_n to_o object_n to_o we_o say_v arnobius_n that_o our_o religion_n be_v novel_a 40_o start_v up_o not_o many_o day_n ago_o and_o that_o you_o ought_v not_o to_o desert_n your_o ancient_a way_n and_o the_o religion_n of_o your_o country_n 5._o to_o espouse_v barbarous_a and_o foreign_a rite_n and_o eusebius_n tell_v we_o the_o heathen_n be_v wont_n to_o reason_n thus_o what_o strange_a profession_n of_o religion_n be_v this_o what_o new_a way_n of_o life_n wherein_o we_o can_v neither_o discern_v the_o rite_n among_o we_o use_v in_o greece_n nor_o among_o any_o sect_n of_o the_o barbarian_n who_o can_v deny_v they_o to_o be_v impious_a who_o have_v forsake_v the_o custom_n of_o their_o father_n observe_v before_o in_o all_o city_n and_o country_n revolt_a from_o a_o way_n of_o worship_n which_o have_v be_v universal_o receive_v from_o all_o age_n both_o by_o greek_n and_o barbarian_n entertain_v both_o in_o city_n and_o village_n countenance_v and_o approve_v by_o the_o common_a vote_n and_o consent_n of_o all_o king_n lawmaker_n philosopher_n and_o the_o great_a person_n whatsoever_o nay_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o after_o christianity_n have_v be_v settle_v for_o some_o hundred_o of_o year_n in_o the_o world_n and_o be_v become_v the_o prevail_a religion_n and_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n banish_v all_o other_o out_o of_o door_n and_o drive_v they_o into_o corner_n yet_o this_o charge_n still_o continue_v 208._o thus_o julian_n the_o emperor_n write_v to_o the_o people_n of_o alexandria_n concern_v the_o galilaean_n so_o he_o be_v wont_n in_o scorn_n to_o call_v the_o christian_n that_o he_o wonder_v that_o any_o of_o they_o dare_v dwell_v among_o they_o or_o that_o they_o will_v suffer_v these_o despiser_n of_o the_o religion_n of_o their_o country_n to_o be_v in_o any_o place_n among_o they_o call_v christianity_n the_o new_a doctrine_n that_o have_v be_v preach_v to_o the_o world_n the_o very_a same_o title_n which_o lucian_n have_v also_o long_o since_o bestow_v upon_o it_o 762._o where_o speak_v of_o our_o saviour_n he_o call_v he_o the_o great_a man_n that_o be_v crucify_v in_o palestine_n who_o introduce_v that_o new_a religion_n into_o the_o world_n 10._o so_o symmachus_n some_o year_n after_o julian_n a_o man_n no_o less_o eminent_a for_o his_o part_n and_o eloquence_n valent._n than_o for_o his_o power_n and_o authority_n 537._o be_v chief_a priest_n and_o perfect_a of_o rome_n confident_o own_v to_o the_o emperor_n themselves_o though_o they_o be_v christian_n that_o he_o do_v endeavour_v to_o defend_v the_o institution_n of_o their_o ancestor_n the_o settle_a right_n and_o law_n of_o the_o country_n he_o mean_v they_o of_o religion_n that_o he_o design_v to_o settle_v that_o state_n of_o religion_n which_o for_o so_o many_o age_n have_v be_v profitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n 538._o and_o therefore_o beg_v of_o they_o that_o what_o they_o have_v receive_v when_o they_o be_v child_n 539._o now_o they_o be_v old_a they_o may_v leave_v to_o their_o posterity_n that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v true_a to_o the_o trust_n that_o have_v from_o so_o many_o age_n be_v devolve_v upon_o they_o and_o be_v to_o follow_v their_o parent_n as_o they_o have_v happy_o do_v their_o ancestor_n that_o have_v go_v before_o they_o so_o he_o plead_v the_o cause_n of_o paganism_n from_o its_o antiquity_n and_o prescription_n oblique_o reflect_v upon_o the_o novellism_n of_o christianity_n for_o more_o he_o dare_v not_o speak_v the_o emperor_n to_o who_o he_o make_v his_o address_n be_v themselves_o christian_n this_o indeed_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o mighty_a prejudice_n against_o the_o christian_a religion_n at_o its_o
the_o empire_n with_o which_o it_o begin_v and_o have_v grow_v up_o than_o that_o since_o the_o reign_n of_o augustus_n no_o misfortune_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a according_a to_o all_o man_n wish_n every_o thing_n have_v happen_v to_o be_v magnificent_a and_o prosperous_a hence_o eusebius_n note_v once_o and_o again_o that_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o empire_n common_o flourish_v 13._o while_o christianity_n be_v protect_v but_o when_o that_o be_v persecute_v thing_n begin_v to_o go_v to_o rack_n 322._o and_o their_o ancient_a peace_n and_o prosperity_n can_v not_o be_v retrieve_v till_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n be_v restore_v to_o the_o christian_n therefore_o cyprian_n tell_v the_o proconsul_n 200._o that_o their_o cruelty_n to_o the_o christian_n be_v one_o of_o those_o cry_a sin_n that_o have_v provoke_v god_n to_o inflict_v so_o many_o heavy_a misery_n upon_o they_o not_o only_o refuse_v to_o worship_n god_n themselves_o but_o unjust_o persecute_v those_o innocent_a person_n that_o do_v with_o all_o the_o method_n of_o rage_n and_o fierceness_n so_o little_a hand_n have_v the_o christian_n in_o entail_v vengeance_n upon_o the_o world_n that_o their_o enemy_n rather_o wilful_o pull_v it_o down_o upon_o their_o own_o head_n chap._n iu._n the_o charge_n bring_v against_o they_o respect_v their_o life_n and_o manner_n the_o primitive_a christian_n accuse_v of_o the_o gross_a sin_n sacrilege_n sedition_n treason_n incest_n murder_n etc._n etc._n the_o particular_a consideration_n of_o these_o refer_v to_o their_o proper_a place_n what_o they_o offer_v in_o the_o general_a for_o their_o vindication_n consider_v they_o open_o assert_v their_o innocency_n and_o appeal_v to_o the_o know_a piety_n of_o their_o life_n none_o account_v christian_n however_o eminent_a in_o profession_n unless_o their_o life_n answerable_a their_o abstain_v from_o appearance_n of_o evil_n or_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o symbolise_v with_o the_o idolatrous_a rite_n of_o the_o heathen_n their_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o strict_a trial_n and_o to_o be_v severe_o punish_v if_o find_v guilty_a of_o those_o crime_n their_o complaint_n of_o be_v general_o condemn_v mere_o for_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o christian_n they_o great_o glory_v in_o that_o title_n this_o name_n prohibit_v by_o julian_n and_o christian_n command_v in_o scorn_n to_o be_v call_v galilaean_n the_o christian_n appeal_v for_o their_o vindication_n to_o the_o conscience_n of_o their_o impartial_a enemy_n and_o by_o they_o acquit_v the_o testimony_n of_o pliny_n ser._n grannianus_n antoninus_n pius_n m._n antoninus_n trypho_n the_o jew_n and_o apollo_n oracle_n to_o this_o purpose_n the_o excellency_n of_o christian_n if_o compare_v with_o the_o best_a of_o heathen_n all_o such_o disowned_a for_o christian_n as_o do_v not_o exact_o conform_v to_o the_o rule_n and_o discipline_n of_o christianity_n all_o the_o attempt_n that_o have_v be_v hitherto_o make_v against_o the_o honour_n and_o reputation_n of_o christian_n seem_v but_o like_o the_o first_o skirmishing_n of_o a_o army_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o main_a battalion_n that_o be_v yet_o behind_o the_o charge_n that_o be_v make_v against_o their_o moral_a carriage_n and_o behaviour_n and_o here_o they_o be_v accuse_v at_o every_o turn_n of_o no_o less_o than_o sacrilege_n sedition_n and_o high-treason_n of_o incest_n and_o promiscuous_a mixture_n of_o murder_n and_o eat_v the_o flesh_n of_o infant_n at_o their_o sacramental_a feast_n these_o be_v sad_a and_o horrid_a crime_n and_o have_v they_o be_v true_a will_v just_o have_v make_v christianity_n stink_v in_o the_o nostril_n of_o all_o sober_a and_o consider_a man_n but_o they_o be_v as_o false_a as_o they_o be_v black_a and_o hellish_a the_o particular_a answer_n to_o these_o charge_n together_o with_o some_o thing_n relate_v to_o matter_n of_o worship_n shall_v be_v consider_v hereafter_o according_a as_o they_o fall_v in_o in_o their_o more_o proper_a place_n i_o shall_v only_o at_o present_a take_v notice_n of_o the_o general_a vindication_n which_o the_o christian_n make_v of_o themselves_o from_o these_o indictment_n that_o be_v bring_v in_o against_o they_o and_o the_o sum_n of_o what_o they_o plead_v lie_v especial_o in_o these_o three_o thing_n first_o they_o do_v open_o assert_v and_o maintain_v their_o innocency_n and_o show_v by_o their_o life_n as_o well_o as_o their_o apology_n that_o they_o be_v man_n of_o quite_o another_o make_v and_o temper_n than_o their_o enemy_n do_v general_o represent_v they_o their_o religion_n and_o way_n of_o life_n be_v admire_v by_o all_o who_o say_v s._n clement_n to_o the_o corinthian_n do_v ever_o dwell_v among_o you_o 4._o that_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o your_o excellent_a and_o unshaken_a faith_n that_o do_v not_o wonder_v at_o your_o sober_a and_o moderate_a piety_n in_o christ_n you_o be_v forward_o to_o every_o good_a work_n adorn_v with_o a_o most_o virtuous_a and_o venerable_a conversation_n do_v all_o thing_n in_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n and_o have_v his_o law_n and_o command_v write_v upon_o the_o table_n of_o your_o heart_n they_o place_v religion_n then_o not_o in_o talk_v fine_o but_o in_o live_v well_o 12._o among_o we_o say_v athenagoras_n the_o mean_a and_o most_o mechanic_n person_n and_o old_a woman_n although_o not_o able_a to_o discourse_v and_o dispute_v for_o the_o usefulness_n of_o their_o profession_n do_v yet_o demonstrate_v it_o in_o their_o life_n and_o action_n they_o do_v indeed_o critical_o weigh_v their_o word_n and_o recite_v elegant_a oration_n but_o they_o manifest_a honest_a and_o virtuous_a action_n while_o be_v buffet_v they_o strike_v not_o again_o nor_o sue_v they_o at_o law_n that_o spoil_n and_o plunder_v they_o liberal_o give_v to_o they_o that_o ask_v and_o love_v their_o neighbour_n as_o themselves_o and_o this_o we_o do_v because_o we_o be_v assure_v that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n that_o superintend_v humane_a affair_n who_o make_v both_o we_o and_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o because_o we_o must_v give_v to_o he_o a_o account_n of_o all_o the_o transaction_n of_o our_o life_n therefore_o we_o choose_v the_o most_o moderate_a humane_a and_o benign_a and_o to_o many_o the_o most_o contemptible_a course_n of_o life_n for_o we_o reckon_v that_o no_o evil_a in_o this_o life_n can_v be_v so_o great_a though_o we_o shall_v be_v call_v to_o lay_v down_o our_o life_n which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v little_a and_o of_o no_o value_n in_o comparison_n of_o that_o happiness_n which_o we_o hereafter_o look_v for_o from_o the_o great_a judge_n of_o the_o world_n promise_v to_o those_o who_o be_v of_o a_o humble_a benign_a and_o moderate_a conversation_n 76._o clemens_n of_o alexandria_n give_v we_o this_o short_a account_n of_o they_o as_o the_o fair_a possession_n we_o give_v up_o ourselves_o to_o god_n entire_o love_v he_o and_o reckon_v this_o the_o great_a business_n of_o our_o life_n no_o man_n be_v with_o we_o a_o christian_n or_o account_v true_o rich_a temperate_a and_o generous_a but_o he_o that_o be_v pious_a and_o religious_a nor_o do_v any_o far_o bear_v the_o image_n of_o god_n than_o he_o speak_v and_o believe_v what_o be_v just_a and_o holy_a so_o that_o this_o in_o short_a be_v the_o state_n of_o we_o who_o follow_v god_n such_o as_o be_v our_o desire_n such_o be_v our_o discourse_n such_o as_o be_v our_o discourse_n such_o be_v our_o action_n such_o as_o be_v our_o action_n such_o be_v our_o life_n so_o universal_o good_a be_v the_o whole_a life_n of_o christian_n certain_o none_o be_v ever_o great_a enemy_n to_o a_o naked_a profession_n and_o the_o cover_n a_o bad_a life_n under_o the_o title_n of_o christianity_n do_v any_o live_v otherwise_o than_o christ_n have_v command_v it_o be_v a_o most_o certain_a argument_n they_o be_v no_o christian_n though_o with_o their_o tongue_n they_o never_o so_o smooth_o profess_v the_o christian_a doctrine_n for_o it_o be_v not_o mere_a professor_n but_o those_o who_o live_v according_a to_o their_o profession_n that_o shall_v be_v save_v 63._o as_o justin_n martyr_n declare_v before_o the_o emperor_n let_v no_o man_n say_v basil_n impose_v upon_o himself_o with_o inconsiderate_a word_n 1._o say_v though_o i_o be_v a_o sinner_n 28._o yet_o i_o be_o a_o christian_n and_o i_o hope_v that_o title_n will_v be_v my_o shelter_n but_o harken_v sinner_n all_o wicked_a man_n shall_v be_v bundle_v up_o together_o and_o in_o the_o great_a day_n of_o the_o divine_a vengeance_n shall_v be_v indifferent_o throw_v into_o those_o merciless_a and_o devour_a flame_n nay_o so_o careful_a be_v they_o to_o avoid_v all_o sin_n that_o they_o stand_v at_o a_o wide_a distance_n from_o any_o thing_n that_o though_o lawful_a in_o itself_o 375._o yet_o seem_v to_o carry_v a_o ill_a colour_n with_o it_o this_o origen_n tell_v celsus_n be_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o refuse_v to_o do_v any_o honour_n
to_o a_o image_n lest_o thereby_o they_o shall_v give_v occasion_n to_o other_o to_o think_v that_o they_o ascribe_v divinity_n to_o they_o for_o this_o reason_n they_o shun_v all_o community_n with_o the_o rite_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o heathen_n abstain_v from_o thing_n strangle_v or_o that_o have_v be_v offer_v to_o idol_n from_o frequent_v the_o public_a bath_n or_o go_v to_o the_o sight_n and_o show_n because_o they_o seem_v to_o owe_v their_o original_n to_o idolatry_n and_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o many_o gross_a enormity_n they_o refuse_v to_o wear_v crown_n of_o laurel_n lest_o they_o shall_v seem_v to_o patronize_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o gentile_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v so_o in_o their_o sacred_a and_o solemn_a rite_n as_o appear_v eminent_o in_o the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o emperor_n severus_n and_o caracalla_n when_o the_o tribune_n deliver_v the_o donative_n to_o the_o soldier_n and_o all_o come_v to_o receive_v it_o with_o crown_n upon_o their_o head_n one_o of_o they_o bring_v his_o in_o his_o hand_n and_o be_v demand_v the_o reason_n answer_v that_o he_o be_v a_o christian_a and_o can_v not_o do_v it_o which_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o tertullian_n book_n the_o corona_n militis_fw-la wherein_o he_o set_v himself_o to_o defend_v it_o second_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o put_v themselves_o upon_o the_o strict_a trial_n and_o to_o undergo_v the_o severe_a penalty_n if_o find_v guilty_a of_o those_o crime_n that_o be_v charge_v upon_o they_o so_o their_o apologist_n bespeak_v the_o emperor_n 54._o we_o beseech_v you_o say_v he_o that_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v charge_v upon_o the_o christian_n may_v be_v inquire_v into_o and_o if_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o let_v they_o have_v their_o deserve_a punishment_n nay_o let_v they_o be_v more_o severe_o punish_v than_o other_o man_n but_o if_o not_o guilty_a then_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o innocent_a person_n shall_v suffer_v mere_o upon_o report_n and_o clamour_n and_o speak_v of_o those_o that_o only_o take_v sanctuary_n at_o the_o name_n of_o christian_n he_o add_v that_o those_o who_o live_v not_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o christ_n and_o be_v only_o call_v by_o his_o name_n they_o beg_v of_o they_o that_o such_o may_v be_v punish_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n athenagoras_n in_o his_o embassy_n 3._o take_v notice_n how_o their_o enemy_n lay_v wait_v for_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n load_v they_o with_o heap_n of_o reproach_n charge_v they_o with_o thing_n that_o never_o so_o much_o as_o enter_v into_o their_o mind_n and_o of_o which_o their_o accuser_n themselves_o be_v most_o guilty_a he_o make_v this_o offer_n let_v but_o any_o of_o we_o be_v convict_v of_o any_o crime_n either_o small_a or_o great_a and_o we_o refuse_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v nay_o be_v ready_a to_o undergo_v the_o most_o cruel_a and_o heavy_a penalty_n but_o if_o we_o be_v only_o accuse_v for_o our_o name_n and_o to_o this_o day_n all_o our_o accusation_n be_v but_o the_o sigment_n of_o obscure_a and_o uncertain_a fame_n no_o christian_n have_v ever_o be_v convict_v of_o any_o fault_n than_o we_o hope_v it_o will_v become_v such_o wise_a gracious_a and_o mighty_a prince_n as_o you_o be_v to_o make_v such_o law_n as_o may_v secure_v we_o from_o those_o wrong_n and_o injury_n but_o alas_o so_o clear_o be_v their_o innocency_n that_o their_o bitter_a adversary_n dare_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o come_v to_o a_o fair_a open_a trial_n if_o you_o be_v so_o certain_a that_o we_o be_v guilty_a say_v tertullian_n to_o the_o heathen_n why_o then_o be_v we_o not_o treat_v in_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o all_o malefactor_n 2._o who_o have_v leave_n both_o by_o themselves_o and_o their_o advocate_n to_o defend_v their_o innocency_n to_o answer_v and_o put_v in_o plea_n it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o condemn_v any_o before_o they_o be_v hear_v and_o have_v liberty_n to_o defend_v themselves_o whereas_o christian_n only_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o speak_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v clear_v their_o cause_n maintain_v the_o truth_n and_o make_v the_o judge_n able_a to_o pronounce_v righteous_a sentence_n it_o be_v enough_o to_o justify_v the_o public_a odium_fw-la if_o we_o do_v but_o confess_v ourselves_o christian_n without_o ever_o examine_v of_o the_o crime_n contrary_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o procedure_n against_o all_o other_o delinquent_n who_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o bare_o to_o charge_n to_o be_v murderer_n sacrilegious_a or_o incestuous_a or_o enemy_n to_o the_o public_a the_o title_n you_o be_v please_v to_o bestow_v upon_o we_o unless_o they_o also_o take_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o fact_n the_o place_n manner_z time_n partner_n and_o accessory_n under_o examination_n but_o no_o such_o favour_n be_v show_v to_o we_o but_o we_o be_v condemn_v without_o any_o inquisition_n pass_v upon_o we_o and_o good_a reason_n there_o be_v that_o they_o shall_v take_v this_o course_n see_v they_o can_v real_o find_v nothing_o to_o condemn_v they_o for_o but_o for_o be_v christian_n this_o one_o will_v think_v strange_a especial_o among_o a_o people_n so_o renown_v for_o justice_n and_o equity_n as_o the_o roman_n be_v and_o yet_o in_o these_o time_n nothing_o more_o ordinary_a therefore_o when_o vrbicius_n the_o perfect_a of_o rome_n have_v condemn_v ptolomeus_n mere_o upon_o his_o confess_v himself_o a_o christian_n mart._n one_o lucius_n that_o stand_v by_o cry_v out_o 43._o what_o strange_a course_n be_v this_o what_o infamous_a misdemeanour_n be_v this_o man_n guilty_a of_o that_o when_o he_o be_v no_o adulterer_n fornicator_n no_o murderer_n no_o thief_n or_o robber_n thou_o shall_v punish_v he_o only_o because_o he_o call_v himself_o a_o christian_n certain_o urbicius_n such_o justice_n as_o this_o do_v not_o become_v the_o piety_n of_o the_o emperor_n or_o the_o philosophy_n of_o caesar_n his_o son_n or_o the_o sacred_a and_o venerable_a senate_n 4._o and_o tertullian_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v the_o common_a accusation_n they_o have_v in_o their_o mouth_n such_o or_o such_o a_o one_o be_v a_o goodman_n only_o he_o be_v a_o christian_n or_o i_o wonder_v at_o such_o a_o one_o a_o wise_a man_n but_o late_o turn_v christian_n 200._o so_o cyprian_n i_o remember_v reduce_v his_o adversary_n to_o this_o unavoidable_a dilemma_n choose_v one_o of_o these_o two_o thing_n to_o be_v a_o christian_n either_o be_v a_o fault_n or_o it_o be_v not_o tertul._n if_o it_o be_v a_o fault_n why_o do_v thou_o not_o kill_v every_o one_o that_o confess_v it_o 3._o if_o it_o be_v not_o mart._n why_o do_v thou_o persecute_v they_o that_o be_v innocent_a 69._o hence_o we_o find_v nothing_o more_o common_a in_o the_o old_a apologist_n 4._o than_o complaint_n concern_v the_o unreasonableness_n of_o be_v accuse_v condemn_a and_o punish_v mere_o for_o their_o name_n this_o be_v the_o first_o and_o great_a cause_n of_o all_o that_o hatred_n and_o cruelty_n that_o be_v exercise_v towards_o they_o it_o be_v the_o innocent_a name_n that_o be_v hate_v in_o they_o all_o the_o quarrel_n be_v about_o this_o title_n and_o when_o a_o christian_a be_v guilty_a of_o nothing_o else_o it_o be_v this_o make_v he_o guilty_a as_o tertullian_n complain_v at_o every_o turn_n the_o truth_n be_v they_o mighty_o glory_v in_o this_o title_n and_o be_v ambitious_a to_o own_v it_o in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o great_a danger_n hist_o therefore_o when_o attalus_n the_o famous_a french_a martyr_n be_v lead_v about_o the_o amphitheatre_n 162._o that_o he_o may_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o hatred_n and_o derision_n of_o the_o people_n he_o triumph_v in_o this_o that_o a_o tablet_n be_v carry_v before_o he_o with_o this_o inscription_n this_o be_v attalus_n the_o christian_n 158._o and_o sanctus_n another_o of_o they_o be_v oft_o ask_v by_o the_o precedent_n what_o his_o name_n be_v what_o his_o city_n and_o country_n and_o whether_o he_o be_v a_o freeman_n or_o a_o servant_n answer_v nothing_o more_o to_o any_o of_o they_o than_o that_o he_o be_v a_o christian_a profess_v this_o name_n to_o be_v country_n kindred_n and_o all_o thing_n to_o he_o nay_o so_o great_a be_v the_o honour_n and_o value_n which_o they_o have_v for_o this_o name_n that_o julian_n the_o emperor_n who_o we_o common_o call_v the_o apostate_n endeavour_v by_o all_o way_n to_o suppress_v it_o that_o when_o he_o can_v not_o drive_v the_o thing_n he_o may_v at_o least_o banish_v the_o name_n out_o of_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o only_a himself_n constant_o call_v christian_n galilaean_n 81._o but_o make_v a_o law_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v call_v only_o by_o that_o name_n but_o to_o return_v the_o sum_n be_v this_o the_o christian_n be_v so_o buoy_v up_o with_o the_o conscience_n of_o their_o innocency_n that_o they_o care_v not_o who_o see_v they_o be_v willing_a and_o
whole_a religion_n be_v to_o live_v without_o spot_n or_o blemish_n from_o whence_o they_o may_v easy_o gather_v have_v they_o any_o understanding_n that_o piety_n be_v on_o our_o side_n and_o that_o they_o themselves_o be_v vile_a and_o impious_a and_o eusebius_n tell_v we_o 599._o that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o christian_a faith_n have_v by_o gravity_n sincerity_n modesty_n and_o holiness_n of_o life_n so_o conquer_v all_o opposition_n that_o none_o dare_v bespatter_v it_o or_o charge_v it_o with_o any_o of_o those_o calumny_n which_o the_o ancient_a enemy_n of_o our_o religion_n use_v to_o fasten_v upon_o it_o what_o religion_n say_v arnobius_n can_v be_v true_a more_o useful_a powerful_a just_o than_o this_o which_o as_o he_o elsewhere_o note_n render_v man_n meek_a 67._o speaker_n of_o truth_n modest_a chaste_a charitable_a kind_a and_o helpful_a to_o all_o as_o if_o most_o near_o relate_v to_o we_o and_o indeed_o this_o be_v the_o genuine_a and_o natural_a tendency_n of_o the_o christian_a doctrine_n and_o which_o it_o can_v but_o effect_n wherever_o it_o be_v kind_o embrace_v and_o entertain_v so_o true_a be_v that_o which_o athenagoras_n tell_v the_o emperor_n 4._o that_o no_o christian_n can_v be_v a_o bad_a man_n unless_o he_o be_v a_o hypocrite_n and_o tertullian_n open_o declare_v 36._o that_o when_o man_n depart_v from_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o gospel_n they_o so_o far_o cease_v among_o we_o to_o be_v account_v christian_n 43._o and_o therefore_o when_o the_o heathen_n object_v that_o some_o that_o go_v under_o that_o name_n be_v guilty_a of_o great_a enormity_n and_o inquire_v how_o come_v such_o a_o one_o to_o be_v a_o cheat_n if_o the_o christian_n be_v so_o righteous_a how_o so_o cruel_a if_o they_o be_v merciful_a he_o answer_n that_o by_o this_o very_a thing_n they_o bear_v witness_v that_o they_o who_o be_v real_a christian_n be_v not_o such_o that_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a difference_n between_o the_o crime_n and_o the_o name_n the_o opinion_n and_o the_o truth_n that_o they_o be_v not_o present_o christian_n that_o be_v call_v so_o but_o cheat_v other_o by_o the_o pretence_n of_o a_o name_n that_o they_o shun_v the_o company_n of_o such_o and_o do_v not_o meet_v or_o partake_v with_o they_o in_o the_o office_n of_o religion_n that_o they_o do_v not_o admit_v those_o who_o mere_a force_n and_o cruelty_n have_v drive_v to_o deny_v christianity_n much_o less_o such_o as_o voluntary_o transgress_v the_o christian_a discipline_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o heathen_n do_v very_o ill_a to_o call_v they_o christian_n who_o the_o christian_n themselves_o do_v disow_v who_o yet_o be_v not_o wont_a to_o deny_v their_o own_o party_n chap._n v._n of_o the_o positive_a part_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o first_o of_o their_o piety_n towards_o god_n the_o religion_n of_o the_o ancient_a christian_n consider_v with_o respect_n to_o god_n themselves_o and_o other_o man_n their_o piety_n see_v in_o two_o thing_n their_o detestation_n of_o idolatry_n and_o great_a care_n about_o the_o matter_n of_o divine_a worship_n what_o notion_n they_o have_v of_o idolatry_n their_o abhorrency_n of_o it_o their_o refuse_v to_o give_v divine_a honour_n to_o angel_n and_o create_a spirit_n this_o condemn_a by_o the_o laodicean_n council_n their_o deny_v any_o thing_n of_o divine_a honour_n to_o martyr_n and_o depart_a saint_n the_o famous_a instance_n of_o the_o church_n of_o smyrna_n concern_v s._n polycarp_n s._n augustine_n testimony_n to_o this_o purpose_n their_o mighty_a abhorrence_n of_o the_o heathen_a idolatry_n the_o very_a make_v a_o idol_n account_v unlawful_a hatred_n of_o idolatry_n one_o of_o the_o first_o principle_n instill_v into_o new_a convert_v their_o affectionate_a bewail_v any_o that_o lapse_v into_o this_o sin_n several_a severe_a penalty_n impose_v by_o the_o ancient_a council_n of_o illiberis_n upon_o person_n guilty_a of_o idolatry_n they_o be_v willing_a to_o hazard_v any_o thing_n rather_o than_o sacrifice_v to_o the_o go_n constantius_n his_o plot_n to_o try_v the_o integrity_n of_o his_o courtier_n a_o double_a instance_n of_o the_o christian_a soldier_n in_o julian_n army_n their_o active_a zeal_n in_o break_v the_o image_n of_o the_o heathen_a god_n and_o assault_a person_n while_o do_v sacrifice_n to_o they_o this_o whether_o justifiable_a notwithstanding_o all_o this_o the_o christian_n accuse_v by_o the_o heathen_n of_o idolatry_n of_o worship_v the_o sun_n whence_o that_o charge_n arise_v of_o adore_v a_o cross_n of_o worship_v a_o ass_n head_n christian_n call_v asinarii_n the_o absurd_a and_o monstrous_a picture_n of_o christ_n mention_v by_o tertullian_n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o ridiculous_a fiction_n whence_o have_v thus_o see_v with_o how_o much_o clearness_n the_o ancient_a christian_n vindicate_v themselves_o from_o those_o unjust_a aspersion_n which_o their_o spiteful_a and_o malicious_a adversary_n have_v cast_v upon_o they_o we_o come_v now_o to_o take_v a_o more_o direct_a and_o positive_a view_n of_o their_o religion_n which_o according_a to_o s._n paul_n division_n we_o shall_v consider_v as_o to_o their_o piety_n towards_o god_n 12._o those_o virtue_n which_o more_o immediate_o concern_v themselves_o and_o those_o which_o respect_v their_o behaviour_n and_o carriage_n towards_o other_o their_o piety_n towards_o god_n appear_v in_o those_o two_o main_a instance_n of_o it_o a_o serious_a and_o hearty_a detestation_n of_o idolatry_n and_o a_o religious_a care_n about_o the_o concern_v of_o divine_a worship_n idolatry_n in_o those_o time_n be_v the_o prevail_a sin_n of_o the_o world_n 85._o the_o principal_a crime_n of_o mankind_n the_o great_a guilt_n of_o the_o age_n and_o the_o almost_o sole_a cause_n of_o man_n be_v bring_v into_o judgement_n as_o what_o in_o a_o manner_n contain_v all_o sin_n under_o it_o as_o tertullian_n begin_v his_o book_n upon_o that_o subject_n a_o crime_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o one_o of_o the_o high_a sort_n of_o wickedness_n as_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o most_o ancient_a council_n in_o spain_n 1._o they_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o sin_n that_o undermine_v the_o very_a be_v of_o the_o deity_n and_o ravish_v the_o honour_n of_o his_o crown_n before_o we_o proceed_v any_o further_a we_o shall_v first_o inquire_v what_o be_v the_o notion_n they_o general_o have_v of_o idolatry_n and_o they_o then_o account_v that_o a_o man_n be_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n when_o he_o give_v divine_a adoration_n to_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o god_n not_o only_a when_o he_o worship_v a_o material_a idol_n but_o when_o he_o vest_v any_o creature_n with_o that_o religious_a respect_n and_o veneration_n that_o be_v only_o due_a to_o god_n idolatry_n say_v tertullian_n rob_v god_n 11._o deny_v he_o those_o honour_n that_o be_v due_a to_o he_o and_o confer_v they_o upon_o other_o so_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o do_v both_o defraud_v he_o and_o reproach_n he_o 95._o and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o express_o affirm_v that_o whatever_o be_v exalt_v above_o the_o standard_n of_o civil_a worship_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o divine_a excellency_n be_v direct_o make_v a_o idol_n thus_o s._n gregory_n for_o his_o solid_a and_o excellent_a learning_n call_v the_o divine_a a_o title_n never_o give_v to_o any_o beside_o he_o but_o to_o st._n john_n the_o apostle_n define_v idolatry_n which_o 620._o say_v he_o be_v the_o great_a evil_n in_o the_o world_n to_o be_v the_o translation_n of_o that_o worship_n that_o be_v due_a to_o the_o creator_n upon_o the_o creature_n according_o we_o find_v they_o infinite_o zealous_a to_o assert_v divine_a adoration_n as_o the_o proper_a and_o incommunicable_a prerogative_n of_o god_n alone_o and_o absolute_o refuse_v to_o impart_v religious_a worship_n to_o any_o though_o the_o best_a of_o creature_n sure_o if_o any_o one_o will_v think_v angel_n the_o first_o rank_n of_o create_a being_n creature_n of_o such_o sublime_a excellency_n and_o perfection_n may_v have_v challenge_v it_o at_o their_o hand_n but_o hear_v what_o origen_n say_v to_o this_o 416._o we_o adore_v say_v he_o our_o lord_n god_n and_o serve_v he_o alone_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o christ_n who_o when_o tempt_v by_o the_o devil_n to_o fall_v down_o and_o worship_v he_o answer_v thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o he_o only_o shall_v thou_o serve_v which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o we_o refuse_v to_o give_v honour_n to_o those_o spirit_n that_o preside_v over_o humane_a affair_n because_o we_o can_v serve_v two_o master_n to_o wit_n god_n and_o mammon_n as_o for_o these_o daemon_n we_o know_v that_o they_o have_v no_o administration_n of_o the_o conveniency_n of_o man_n life_n yea_o though_o we_o know_v that_o they_o be_v not_o daemon_n but_o angel_n that_o have_v the_o government_n of_o fruit_n and_o season_n and_o the_o production_n of_o animal_n commit_v to_o they_o we_o indeed_o speak_v well_o
threefold_a apparition_n or_o manifestation_n commemorate_a upon_o that_o day_n which_o all_o happen_v though_o not_o in_o the_o same_o year_n yet_o upon_o the_o same_o day_n of_o the_o year_n the_o first_o be_v the_o appearance_n of_o the_o star_n which_o guide_v the_o wise_a man_n to_o christ_n the_o second_o be_v the_o famous_a appearance_n at_o the_o baptism_n of_o christ_n when_o all_o the_o person_n in_o the_o holy_a trinity_n do_v sensible_o manifest_v themselves_o the_o father_n in_o the_o voice_n from_o heaven_n the_o son_n in_o the_o river_n jordan_n and_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o the_o visible_a shape_n of_o a_o dove_n this_o be_v ever_o account_v a_o famous_a festival_n and_o as_o s._n chrysostom_n tell_v we_o 278._o be_v proper_o call_v epiphany_n because_o he_o come_v in_o a_o manner_n into_o the_o world_n incognito_o but_o at_o his_o baptism_n open_o appear_v to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o god_n and_o be_v so_o declare_v before_o the_o world_n at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v that_o by_o his_o go_v into_o the_o river_n jordan_n he_o do_v sanctify_v water_n to_o the_o mystical_a wash_n away_o of_o sin_n as_o our_o church_n express_v it_o in_o memory_n whereof_o ibid._n chrysostom_n tell_v we_o they_o use_v in_o this_o solemnity_n at_o midnight_n to_o draw_v water_n which_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o consecrate_a this_o day_n and_o carry_v it_o home_o to_o lay_v it_o up_o where_o it_o will_v remain_v pure_a and_o uncorrupt_a for_o a_o whole_a year_n sometime_o two_o or_o three_o year_n together_o the_o truth_n whereof_o must_v rest_v upon_o the_o credit_n of_o that_o good_a man_n the_o three_o manifestation_n commemorate_a at_o this_o time_n be_v that_o of_o christ_n divinity_n which_o appear_v in_o the_o first_o miracle_n that_o he_o wrought_v in_o turn_v water_n into_o wine_n therefore_o it_o be_v call_v bethphania_fw-la because_o it_o be_v do_v in_o the_o house_n at_o that_o famous_a marriage_n in_o cana_n of_o galilee_n which_o our_o saviour_n honour_v with_o his_o own_o presence_n all_o these_o three_o appearance_n contribute_v to_o the_o solemnity_n of_o this_o festival_n but_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o festival_n in_o the_o primitive_a church_n keep_v in_o commemoration_n of_o martyr_n for_o the_o understanding_n of_o which_o we_o be_v to_o know_v that_o in_o those_o sad_a and_o bloody_a time_n when_o the_o christian_a religion_n triumph_v over_o persecution_n and_o gain_v upon_o the_o world_n by_o nothing_o more_o than_o the_o constant_a and_o resolute_a suffering_n of_o its_o professor_n who_o no_o threaten_n or_o torment_n can_v baffle_v out_o of_o it_o the_o people_n general_o have_v a_o vast_a reverence_n for_o those_o who_o suffer_v thus_o deep_a in_o the_o cause_n of_o christianity_n and_o lay_v down_o their_o life_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o it_o they_o look_v upon_o confessor_n and_o martyr_n as_o the_o great_a champion_n of_o their_o religion_n who_o resist_v unto_o blood_n and_o die_v upon_o the_o spot_n to_o make_v good_a its_o ground_n and_o to_o maintain_v its_o honour_n and_o reputation_n and_o therefore_o think_v it_o very_o reasonable_a to_o do_v all_o possible_a honour_n to_o their_o memory_n partly_o that_o other_o may_v be_v encourage_v to_o the_o like_a patience_n and_o fortitude_n and_o partly_o that_o virtue_n even_o in_o this_o world_n may_v not_o lose_v its_o reward_n hence_o they_o be_v wont_n once_o a_o year_n to_o meet_v at_o the_o grave_n of_o martyr_n there_o solemn_o to_o recite_v their_o suffering_n and_o their_o triumph_n to_o praise_v their_o virtue_n and_o to_o bless_v god_n for_o their_o pious_a example_n for_o their_o holy_a life_n and_o their_o happy_a death_n for_o their_o palm_n and_o crown_n these_o anniversary_n solemnity_n be_v call_v memoriae_fw-la martyrum_fw-la the_o memory_n of_o the_o martyr_n a_o title_n mention_v by_o cyprian_a but_o certain_o much_o old_a than_o his_o time_n 51._o and_o indeed_o when_o they_o be_v first_o take_v up_o in_o the_o church_n be_v i_o think_v not_o so_o exact_o know_v the_o first_o that_o i_o remember_v to_o have_v meet_v with_o be_v that_o of_o polycarp_n who_o martyrdom_n be_v place_v by_o eusebius_n anno_fw-la 168._o 168._o under_o the_o three_o persecution_n concern_v who_o death_n and_o suffering_n the_o church_n of_o smyrna_n of_o which_o he_o be_v bishop_n give_v a_o account_n to_o the_o church_n of_o philomelium_n 135._o and_o especial_o of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o have_v honourable_o entomb_v his_o bone_n they_o do_v profess_v that_o so_o far_o as_o the_o malice_n of_o their_o enemy_n will_v permit_v they_o and_o they_o pray_v god_n nothing_o may_v hinder_v it_o they_o will_v assemble_v in_o that_o place_n and_o celebrate_v the_o birthday_n of_o his_o martyrdom_n with_o joy_n and_o gladness_n where_o we_o may_v especial_o observe_v that_o this_o solemnity_n be_v style_v his_o birthday_n and_o indeed_o so_o the_o primitive_a christian_n use_v to_o call_v the_o day_n of_o their_o death_n and_o passion_n quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o gentile_n who_o keep_v the_o natalitials_n of_o their_o famous_a man_n look_v upon_o these_o as_o the_o true_a day_n of_o their_o nativity_n wherein_o they_o be_v free_v from_o this_o valley_n of_o tear_n these_o region_n of_o death_n and_o bear_v again_o unto_o the_o joy_n and_o happiness_n of_o a_o endless_a life_n the_o same_o account_n origen_n give_v if_o that_o book_n be_v his_o a_o very_a ancient_a author_n however_o we_o keep_v say_v he_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o saint_n 2._o of_o our_o ancestor_n and_o friend_n that_o die_v in_o the_o faith_n both_o rejoice_v in_o that_o rest_n which_o they_o have_v obtain_v and_o beg_v for_o ourselves_o a_o pious_a consummation_n in_o the_o faith_n and_o we_o celebrate_v not_o the_o day_n of_o their_o nativity_n as_o be_v the_o inlet_n to_o sorrow_n and_o temptation_n but_o of_o their_o death_n as_o the_o period_n of_o their_o misery_n and_o that_o which_o set_v they_o beyond_o the_o reach_n of_o temptation_n and_o this_o we_o do_v both_o clergy_n and_o people_n meet_v together_o invite_v the_o poor_a and_o needy_a and_o refresh_v the_o widow_n and_o the_o orphan_n that_o so_o our_o festival_n may_v be_v both_o in_o respect_n of_o they_o who_o we_o commemorate_v the_o memorial_n of_o that_o happy_a rest_n which_o their_o depart_a soul_n do_v enjoy_v and_o in_o respect_n of_o we_o the_o odour_n of_o a_o sweet_a smell_n in_o the_o sight_n of_o god_n under_o constantine_n these_o day_n be_v command_v to_o be_v observe_v with_o great_a care_n and_o strictness_n 536._o enjoin_v all_o his_o lieutenant_n and_o governor_n of_o province_n to_o see_v the_o memorial_n of_o the_o martyr_n due_o honour_v and_o so_o sacred_a be_v they_o account_v in_o those_o day_n that_o it_o be_v think_v a_o piece_n of_o profaneness_n to_o be_v absent_a from_o they_o therefore_o s._n basil_n think_v he_o can_v not_o use_v a_o more_o solemn_a argument_n 328._o to_o persuade_v a_o certain_a bishop_n to_o come_v over_o to_o he_o upon_o this_o occasion_n than_o to_o adjure_v he_o by_o the_o respect_n he_o bear_v to_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o martyr_n that_o if_o he_o will_v not_o do_v it_o for_o he_o yet_o he_o shall_v for_o their_o sake_n towards_o who_o it_o be_v unfit_a he_o shall_v show_v the_o least_o disregard_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o libanius_n sometime_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o christian_n under_o no_o other_o character_n than_o this_o 592._o enemy_n to_o the_o god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o haunt_v and_o frequent_a tomb_n and_o sepulcher_n for_o the_o time_n of_o these_o assembly_n it_o be_v common_o once_o a_o year_n viz._n upon_o the_o day_n of_o their_o martyrdom_n for_o which_o end_n they_o take_v particular_a care_n to_o keep_v register_n of_o the_o day_n of_o the_o martyr_n passion_n so_o cyprian_n express_o charge_v his_o clergy_n to_o note_v down_o the_o day_n of_o their_o decease_n annot_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o commemoration_n of_o they_o among_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o martyr_n theodoret_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o his_o time_n they_o do_v not_o thus_o assemble_v once_o or_o twice_o 121._o or_o five_o time_n in_o a_o year_n but_o keep_v frequent_a memorial_n oftentimes_o every_o day_n celebrate_v the_o memorial_n of_o martyr_n with_o hymn_n and_o praise_n unto_o god_n but_o i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v it_o of_o day_n appoint_v to_o the_o memory_n of_o particular_a martyr_n which_o be_v then_o very_o numerous_a their_o memorial_n be_v distinct_o fix_v upon_o their_o proper_a day_n the_o festival_n of_o s._n peter_n or_o s._n paul_n thomas_n sergius_n marcellus_n etc._n etc._n as_o he_o there_o enumerate_v they_o for_o the_o place_n these_o solemnity_n be_v keep_v at_o first_o at_o the_o tomb_n where_o the_o martyr_n have_v be_v bury_v which_o usual_o be_v in_o the_o
province_n who_o enjoy_v nothing_o but_o that_o name_n and_o title_n his_o episcopal_n see_v be_v by_o the_o emperor_n pragmatic_n erect_v into_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o metropolis_n he_o be_v only_o a_o honorary_a metropolitan_a without_o any_o real_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n and_o have_v no_o other_o privilege_n but_o that_o he_o take_v place_n above_o other_o ordinary_a bishop_n in_o all_o thing_n else_o equal_o subject_a with_o they_o to_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o the_o province_n 12._o as_o the_o council_n of_o chalcedon_n determine_v in_o this_o case_n when_o this_o office_n of_o metropolitan_a first_o begin_v i_o find_v not_o only_o this_o we_o be_v sure_a of_o that_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a settle_v the_o just_a right_n and_o privilege_n of_o metropolitan_a bishop_n speak_v of_o they_o as_o a_o thing_n of_o ancient_a date_n usher_v in_o the_o canon_n with_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 6._o let_v ancient_a custom_n still_o take_v place_n the_o original_n of_o the_o institution_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v partly_o to_o comply_v with_o people_n occasion_n who_o oft_o resort_v to_o the_o metropolis_n for_o dispatch_v of_o their_o affair_n and_o so_o may_v fit_o discharge_v their_o civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a concern_v both_o at_o once_o and_o partly_o because_o of_o the_o great_a confluence_n of_o people_n to_o that_o city_n antioch_n that_o the_o bishop_n of_o it_o may_v have_v pre-eminence_n above_o the_o rest_n 9_o and_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o church_n bear_v some_o proportion_n to_o that_o of_o the_o state_n after_o this_o spring_v up_o another_o branch_n of_o the_o episcopal_a office_n as_o much_o superior_a to_o that_o of_o metropolitan_o as_o they_o be_v to_o ordinary_a bishop_n these_o be_v call_v primate_fw-la and_o patriarch_n and_o have_v jurisdiction_n over_o many_o province_n for_o the_o understanding_n of_o this_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v that_o when_o christianity_n come_v to_o be_v full_o settle_v in_o the_o world_n they_o contrive_v to_o model_n the_o external_a government_n of_o the_o church_n as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v to_o the_o civil_a government_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n the_o parallel_n most_o exact_o draw_v by_o a_o ingenious_a person_n of_o our_o own_o nation_n 1._o the_o sum_n of_o it_o be_v this_o the_o whole_a empire_n of_o rome_n be_v divide_v into_o thirteen_o diocece_n so_o they_o call_v those_o division_n these_o contain_v about_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o provinses_n and_o every_o province_n several_a city_n now_o as_o in_o every_o city_n there_o be_v a_o temporal_a magistrate_n for_o the_o execute_n of_o justice_n and_o keep_v peace_n both_o for_o that_o city_n and_o the_o town_n round_o about_o it_o so_o be_v there_o also_o a_o bishop_n for_o spiritual_a order_n and_o government_n who_o jurisdiction_n be_v of_o like_a extent_n and_o latitude_n in_o every_o province_n there_o be_v a_o proconsul_n or_o precedent_n who_o seat_n be_v usual_o at_o the_o metropolis_n or_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n and_o hither_o all_o inferior_a city_n come_v for_o judgement_n in_o matter_n of_o importance_n and_o in_o proportion_n to_o this_o there_o be_v in_o the_o same_o city_n a_o archbishop_n or_o metropolitan_a for_o matter_n of_o ecclesiastical_a concernment_n last_o in_o every_o diocese_n the_o emperor_n have_v their_o vicarii_fw-la or_o lieutenant_n who_o dwell_v in_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o the_o diocese_n where_o all_o imperial_a edict_n be_v publish_v and_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v send_v abroad_o into_o the_o several_a province_n and_o where_o be_v the_o chief_a tribunal_n where_o all_o cause_n not_o determinable_a elsewhere_o be_v decide_v and_o to_o answer_v this_o there_o be_v in_o the_o same_o city_n a_o primate_n to_o who_o the_o last_o determination_n of_o all_o appeal_n from_o all_o the_o province_n in_o difference_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o sovereign_a care_n of_o all_o the_o diocese_n for_o sundry_a point_n of_o spiritual_a government_n do_v belong_v this_o in_o short_a be_v the_o sum_n of_o the_o account_n which_o that_o learned_a man_n give_v of_o this_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o patriarch_n as_o superior_a to_o metropolitan_o be_v to_o have_v under_o his_o jurisdiction_n not_o any_o one_o single_a province_n but_o a_o whole_a diocese_n in_o the_o old_a roman_a notion_n of_o that_o word_n consist_v of_o many_o province_n to_o he_o belong_v the_o ordination_n of_o all_o the_o metropolitan_o that_o be_v under_o he_o as_o also_o the_o summon_v they_o to_o council_n the_o correct_v and_o reform_v the_o misdemeanour_n they_o be_v guilty_a of_o and_o from_o his_o judgement_n and_o sentence_n in_o thing_n proper_o within_o his_o cognizance_n there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v what_o salmasius_n have_v note_v 331._o that_o as_o the_o diocese_n that_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o vicarius_fw-la have_v many_o province_n under_o it_o so_o the_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la have_v several_a diocese_n under_o he_o and_o in_o proportion_n to_o this_o probable_o it_o be_v that_o patriarch_n be_v first_o bring_v in_o who_o if_o not_o superior_a to_o primate_fw-la in_o jurisdiction_n and_o power_n be_v yet_o in_o honour_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o those_o city_n where_o their_o see_z be_v fix_v as_o at_o rome_n constantinople_n alexandria_n antioch_n and_o jerusalem_n a_o title_n and_o dignity_n which_o they_o retain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o next_o office_n to_o bishop_n be_v that_o of_o presbyter_n to_o who_o it_o belong_v to_o preach_v to_o the_o people_n to_o administer_v baptism_n consecrate_v the_o eucharist_n and_o to_o be_v assistant_n to_o the_o bishop_n both_o in_o public_a ministration_n and_o in_o dispatch_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n the_o truth_n be_v the_o presbyter_n of_o every_o great_a city_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o ecclesiastical_a senate_n under_o the_o care_n and_o presidency_n of_o the_o bishop_n who_o counsel_n and_o assistance_n he_o make_v use_v of_o in_o rule_v those_o society_n of_o christian_n that_o be_v under_o his_o charge_n and_o government_n and_o be_v according_o reckon_v next_o in_o place_n and_o power_n to_o he_o thus_o describe_v by_o s._n gregory_n in_o his_o jambic_n 2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o venerable_a senate_n of_o presbyter_n that_o preside_v over_o the_o people_n and_o possess_v the_o second_o throne_n i._n e._n the_o place_n next_o to_o the_o bishop_n 11._o they_o be_v call_v clerici_fw-la superioris_fw-la loci_fw-la and_o otherwhiles_o unless_o we_o understand_v it_o of_o the_o chorepiscopi_fw-la antistites_fw-la in_fw-la secundo_fw-la ordine_fw-la fid_fw-we and_o according_o in_o church_n have_v seat_n of_o eminency_n place_v for_o they_o next_o to_o the_o bishop_n throne_n 96._o whereby_o be_v imply_v say_v zonara_n that_o they_o ought_v to_o use_v a_o proportionable_a care_n and_o apost_n providence_n towards_o the_o people_n to_o inform_v and_o teach_v they_o to_o direct_v and_o guide_v they_o be_v appoint_v as_o fellow-labourer_n with_o and_o assistant_n to_o the_o bishop_n but_o though_o presbyter_n by_o their_o ordination_n have_v a_o power_n confer_v upon_o they_o to_o administer_v holy_a thing_n yet_o after_o that_o the_o church_n be_v settle_v upon_o foundation_n of_o order_n and_o regularity_n they_o do_v not_o usual_o exercise_v this_o power_n within_o any_o diocese_n without_o leave_n and_o authority_n from_o the_o bishop_n much_o less_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o preach_v in_o his_o presence_n this_o custom_n however_o it_o may_v be_v otherwise_o in_o the_o eastern_a church_n we_o be_v sure_o be_v constant_o observe_v in_o the_o church_n of_o afric_n till_o the_o time_n of_o valerius_n 862_o s._n augustine_n predecessor_n in_o the_o see_v of_o hippo._n who_o be_v a_o greek_a 1._o and_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o little_a skill_n in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n unable_a to_o preach_v to_o the_o edification_n of_o the_o people_n admit_v s._n augustine_n who_o he_o have_v late_o ordain_v presbyter_n to_o preach_v before_o he_o which_o though_o at_o first_o it_o be_v ill_a resent_v by_o some_o bishop_n in_o those_o part_n yet_o quick_o become_v a_o precedent_n for_o other_o church_n to_o follow_v after_o after_o these_o come_v deacon_n what_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o place_n be_v appear_v from_o their_o primitive_a election_n 6._o the_o apostle_n set_v they_o apart_o to_o serve_v or_o minister_v to_o the_o table_n i.e._n to_o attend_v upon_o and_o take_v charge_n of_o those_o daily_a provision_n that_o be_v make_v for_o poor_a indigent_a christian_n but_o certain_o it_o imply_v also_o their_o be_v destinate_a to_o a_o peculiar_a attendance_n at_o the_o service_n of_o the_o lord_n table_n and_o both_o these_o may_v be_v very_o well_o mean_v in_o that_o place_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o christian_n then_o to_o meet_v every_o day_n at_o the_o
before_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o eucharist_n which_o be_v never_o administer_v till_o the_o will_v church_n meet_v together_o that_o therefore_o which_o the_o apostle_n reprove_v and_o correct_v be_v their_o indecency_n and_o intemperance_n command_v both_o rich_a and_o poor_a to_o wait_v for_o one_o another_o and_o to_o eat_v this_o common_a meal_n together_o that_o they_o may_v the_o more_o orderly_a and_o unanimous_o pass_v to_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n in_o after_o age_n this_o feast_n be_v not_o till_o the_o communion_n be_v over_o when_o the_o congregation_n feast_v together_o and_o so_o depart_v 559._o and_o so_o chrysostom_n express_o tell_v we_o it_o be_v in_o his_o day_n beside_o nothing_o be_v more_o obvious_a than_o that_o it_o be_v customary_a in_o those_o time_n for_o person_n to_o fast_o till_o they_o have_v receive_v the_o communion_n i_o know_v a_o very_a learned_a man_n be_v of_o opinion_n 135._o that_o these_o love-feast_n be_v not_o keep_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o eucharist_n but_o beside_o that_o his_o argument_n be_v not_o conclusive_a the_o whole_a stream_n of_o learned_a writer_n run_v full_a against_o he_o these_o feast_n continue_v for_o some_o age_n till_o great_a inconvenience_n be_v find_v in_o they_o they_o be_v prohibit_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o church_n by_o the_o laodicean_n synod_n 28._o and_o after_o that_o by_o the_o council_n of_o carthage_n which_o though_o but_o provincial_n or_o national_a council_n yet_o the_o decree_n be_v afterward_o ratify_v by_o the_o six_o trullan_n council_n 74._o and_o the_o custom_n in_o a_o short_a time_n dwindle_v into_o nothing_o these_o thing_n be_v premise_v the_o sacramental_a element_n prepare_v and_o all_o thing_n ready_a they_o proceed_v to_o the_o action_n itself_o 5._o which_o follow_v for_o the_o main_a the_o account_n that_o be_v give_v we_o by_o s._n cyril_n of_o jerusalem_n 534._o and_o take_v in_o what_o we_o find_v in_o other_o be_v usual_o manage_v after_o this_o manner_n first_o the_o deacon_n bring_v water_n to_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o presbyter_n that_o stand_v round_o about_o the_o table_n to_o wash_v their_o hand_n 1013._o signify_v the_o purity_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o those_o that_o draw_v nigh_o to_o god_n according_a to_o that_o of_o the_o psalmist_n i_o will_v wash_v my_o hand_n in_o innocency_n and_o so_o will_v i_o compass_v thy_o altar_n o_o lord_n then_o the_o deacon_n cry_v out_o aloud_o mutual_o embrace_v and_o kiss_v one_o another_o 97._o this_o holy_a kiss_n be_v very_o ancient_a common_o use_v in_o the_o apostle_n time_n and_o in_o the_o succeed_a age_n of_o the_o church_n but_o especial_o at_o the_o sacrament_n as_o a_o sign_n of_o the_o unfeigned_a reconciliation_n of_o their_o mind_n and_o that_o all_o injury_n and_o offence_n be_v blot_v out_o according_a to_o our_o lord_n command_v when_o thou_o bring_v thy_o gift_n to_o the_o altar_n and_o remember_v that_o thy_o brother_n have_v aught_o against_o thou_o leave_v thy_o gift_n before_o the_o altar_n and_o go_v thy_o way_n first_o be_v reconcile_v to_o thy_o brother_n and_o then_o come_v and_o offer_v thy_o gift_n this_o be_v do_v they_o fall_v to_o prayer_n the_o whole_a congregation_n pray_v together_o with_o the_o minister_n which_o therefore_o justin_n martyr_n call_v the_o common_a prayer_n ibid._n the_o form_n whereof_o in_o the_o apostolical_a constitution_n be_v describe_v at_o large_a for_o the_o universal_a peace_n and_o welfare_n of_o the_o church_n 1011._o for_o the_o tranquillity_n and_o quietness_n of_o the_o world_n 39_o for_o the_o prosperity_n of_o the_o age_n 118._o for_o wholesome_a weather_n and_o fruitful_a season_n 881._o for_o all_o sort_n of_o person_n for_o king_n and_o emperor_n and_o all_o in_o authority_n for_o soldier_n and_o army_n for_o believer_n and_o unbeliever_n for_o friend_n and_o companion_n for_o the_o sick_a and_o distress_a and_o in_o short_a for_o all_o that_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o help_n this_o general_a prayer_n be_v frequent_o mention_v by_o the_o ancient_a father_n as_o that_o which_o be_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o communion_n service_n 538._o though_o s._n cyrill_n place_n it_o a_o little_o late_a 537._o as_o doubtless_o it_o be_v in_o his_o time_n 873._o after_o this_o follow_v the_o mutual_a salutation_n of_o the_o minister_n and_o people_n the_o minister_n say_v the_o lord_n be_v with_o you_o to_o who_o the_o people_n answer_v and_o with_o thy_o spirit_n the_o minister_n cry_v lift_v up_o your_o heart_n nothing_o be_v more_o suitable_a say_v s._n cyrill_n at_o this_o time_n 195._o than_o that_o we_o shall_v shake_v off_o all_o worldly_a care_n and_o exalt_v our_o heart_n to_o god_n in_o heaven_n the_o people_n true_o assent_v and_o yield_v to_o it_o answer_v we_o lift_v they_o up_o unto_o the_o lord_n the_o minister_n proceed_v let_v we_o give_v thanks_o unto_o the_o lord_n for_o what_o more_o fit_a than_o thankfulness_n to_o god_n and_o a_o high_a resentment_n of_o such_o favour_n and_o blessing_n to_o this_o the_o people_n return_v it_o be_v meet_v and_o just_a so_o to_o do_v whereupon_o the_o minister_n proceed_v to_o the_o prayer_n of_o consecration_n the_o form_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o the_o apostolical_a constitution_n wherein_o he_o express_v huge_a thankfulness_n to_o god_n for_o the_o death_n 979._o resurrection_n and_o ascension_n of_o his_o son_n for_o the_o shed_n of_o his_o blood_n for_o we_o and_o the_o celebration_n of_o it_o in_o this_o sacrament_n for_o condescend_v to_o admit_v they_o to_o such_o mighty_a benefit_n 98._o and_o pray_v for_o a_o close_a unity_n to_o one_o another_o in_o the_o same_o mystical_a body_n 541._o conclude_v usual_o with_o the_o lord_n prayer_n and_o the_o hearty_a and_o universal_a acclamation_n of_o amen_o 1022._o by_o all_o that_o be_v present_a this_o do_v the_o minister_n cry_v out_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d holy_a thing_n belong_v to_o holy_a person_n the_o people_n answer_v there_o be_v one_o holy_a one_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n then_o he_o exhort_v they_o to_o a_o due_a participation_n of_o the_o holy_a mystery_n which_o cyrill_n tell_v we_o be_v do_v by_o way_n of_o a_o divine_a hymn_n sing_v 545._o come_v taste_n and_o see_v that_o the_o lord_n be_v good_a after_o this_o the_o bishop_n or_o presbyter_n take_v the_o sacramental_a element_n sanctify_v then_o by_o a_o solemn_a benediction_n 439._o the_o form_n of_o consecration_n we_o have_v in_o s._n ambrose_n lord_n make_v this_o oblation_n now_o prepare_v for_o we_o to_o become_v a_o reasonable_a and_o acceptable_a sacrifice_n this_o which_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n who_o the_o day_n before_o he_o suffer_v take_v the_o bread_n in_o his_o sacred_a hand_n look_v up_o to_o heaven_n give_v thanks_o to_o thou_o o_o holy_a father_n almighty_a and_o everlasting_a god_n bless_v it_o and_o have_v break_v 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true_a they_o dip_v the_o bread_n in_o the_o wine_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o baptize_v infant_n to_o who_o they_o administer_v the_o eucharist_n in_o those_o primitive_a time_n and_o to_o very_o weak_a die_a person_n who_o will_v not_o otherwise_o have_v swallow_v the_o bread_n and_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o may_v keep_v the_o sacrament_n at_o home_n against_o all_o emergent_a occasion_n and_o this_o probable_o might_n in_o time_n make_v the_o way_n easy_o for_o introduce_v the_o sacrament_n under_o the_o kind_n of_o bread_n only_o their_o sacramental_a wine_n be_v general_o dilute_v and_o mix_v with_o water_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o justin_n martyr_n supr_n irenaeus_n cyprian_n and_o other_o 2._o cyprian_n in_o a_o long_a epistle_n express_o plead_v for_o it_o as_o the_o only_a true_a and_o warrantable_a tradition_n caecil_n derive_v from_o christ_n and_o his_o apostle_n 100_o and_o
thaddaeus_n one_o of_o the_o seventy_o disciple_n great_a sum_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o the_o pain_n he_o have_v take_v and_o the_o great_a thing_n he_o have_v do_v among_o they_o he_o refuse_v they_o with_o this_o answer_n to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v we_o receive_v good_a thing_n from_o other_o who_o have_v free_o forsake_v and_o renounce_v our_o own_o as_o indeed_o in_o those_o time_n friend_n and_o relation_n house_n and_o land_n be_v cheerful_o part_v with_o when_o they_o stand_v in_o competition_n with_o christ_n they_o can_v content_v themselves_o with_o the_o most_o naked_a poverty_n so_o it_o may_v but_o consist_v with_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o gospel_n when_o quintianus_n the_o precedent_n under_o decius_n the_o emperor_n ask_v agatha_n the_o virgin-martyr_n metaph._n why_o be_v descend_v of_o such_o rich_a and_o illustrious_a parent_n she_o will_v stoop_v to_o such_o low_a and_o mean_a office_n as_o she_o take_v upon_o she_o she_o present_o answer_v he_o our_o glory_n and_o nobility_n lie_v in_o this_o that_o we_o be_v the_o servant_n of_o christ_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v the_o answer_n of_o quintinus_n the_o martyr_n under_o the_o dioâ—lesian_n persecution_n when_o the_o precedent_n ask_v he_o how_o it_o come_v about_o 5._o that_o he_o be_v a_o roman_a citizen_n and_o the_o son_n of_o a_o senator_n will_v truckle_n under_o such_o a_o superstition_n and_o worship_v he_o for_o a_o god_n who_o the_o jew_n have_v crucify_a the_o martyr_n tell_v he_o that_o it_o be_v the_o high_a honour_n and_o nobility_n to_o know_v and_o serve_v god_n that_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o he_o call_v superstition_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v traduce_v with_o so_o base_a a_o name_n see_v it_o immediate_o guide_v its_o follower_n to_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o happiness_n for_o herein_o in_o it_o be_v that_o the_o omnipotent_a god_n be_v reveal_v the_o great_a creator_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o his_o son_n jesus_n christ_n our_o lord_n by_o who_o all_o thing_n be_v make_v and_o who_o be_v in_o all_o thing_n equal_a to_o his_o father_n the_o simplicity_n of_o christian_n than_o keep_v they_o from_o aspire_v after_o honour_n and_o greatness_n and_o if_o at_o any_o time_n advance_v to_o it_o their_o great_a care_n be_v to_o keep_v themselves_o unspotted_a from_o the_o world_n laud._n as_o nazianzen_n report_v of_o his_o brother_n caesarius_n 166._o chief_a physician_n to_o the_o emperor_n constantius_n that_o though_o he_o be_v very_o dear_a to_o he_o as_o he_o be_v to_o the_o whole_a court_n and_o advance_v by_o he_o every_o day_n to_o great_a honour_n and_o dignity_n yet_o this_o say_v he_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o that_o he_o suffer_v not_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o soul_n to_o be_v corrupt_v by_o that_o glory_n and_o those_o delight_n that_o be_v round_o about_o he_o but_o account_v this_o his_o chief_a honour_n that_o he_o be_v a_o christian_a in_o comparison_n of_o which_o all_o thing_n else_o be_v to_o he_o but_o as_o a_o sport_n and_o pageantry_n he_o look_v upon_o other_o thing_n but_o as_o comic_a scene_n soon_o up_o and_o as_o soon_o over_o but_o upon_o piety_n as_o the_o most_o safe_a and_o permanent_a good_a and_o which_o we_o can_v proper_o call_v our_o own_o regard_v that_o piety_n especial_o which_o be_v most_o inward_a and_o unseen_a to_o the_o world_n the_o like_a he_o relate_v of_o his_o sister_n gorgonia_n laud._n as_o the_o perfection_n of_o her_o excellent_a temper_n 183._o that_o she_o do_v not_o more_o seem_v to_o be_v good_a than_o she_o do_v real_o strive_v to_o be_v so_o peculiarly_a conversant_a in_o those_o secret_a act_n of_o piety_n which_o be_v visible_a only_o to_o he_o who_o see_v what_o be_v hide_v and_o secret_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o this_o world_n she_o leave_v nothing_o transfer_v all_o into_o those_o safe_a and_o celestial_a treasury_n that_o be_v above_o she_o leave_v nothing_o to_o the_o earth_n but_o her_o body_n change_v all_o thing_n for_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o better_a life_n bequeath_v no_o other_o riches_n to_o her_o child_n but_o a_o excellent_a pattern_n and_o a_o desire_n to_o follow_v her_o example_n the_o truth_n be_v as_o to_o estate_n they_o be_v not_o concern_v for_o more_o than_o what_o will_v supply_v the_o necessity_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o want_v of_o other_o not_o solicitous_a to_o get_v or_o possess_v such_o revenue_n as_o may_v make_v they_o the_o object_n either_o of_o man_n envy_n or_o their_o fear_n as_o may_v appear_v among_o other_o by_o this_o instance_n domiâ—ian_n the_o emperor_n be_v inform_v that_o there_o be_v yet_o remain_v some_o of_o christ_n kindred_n according_a to_o the_o flesh_n the_o nephew_n of_o judas_n the_o brother_n of_o our_o lord_n 89._o of_o the_o race_n and_o posterity_n of_o david_n which_o the_o emperor_n seek_v utter_o to_o extirpate_v he_o send_v for_o they_o inquire_v of_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v of_o the_o line_n of_o david_n they_o answer_v they_o be_v he_o ask_v what_o possession_n and_o estate_n they_o have_v they_o tell_v he_o they_o have_v between_o they_o thirty_o nine_o acre_n of_o land_n to_o the_o value_n of_o about_o nine_o thousand_o penny_n out_o of_o the_o fruit_n whereof_o they_o both_o pay_v he_o tribute_n and_o maintain_v themselves_o with_o their_o own_o hard_a labour_n whereto_o the_o hardness_n and_o callousness_n of_o their_o hand_n which_o they_o then_o show_v he_o bear_v witness_v he_o than_o ask_v they_o concern_v christ_n and_o the_o state_n of_o his_o kingdom_n to_o which_o they_o answer_v that_o his_o empire_n be_v not_o of_o this_o world_n but_o heavenly_a and_o angelical_a and_o which_o shall_v final_o take_v place_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n when_o he_o shall_v come_v with_o glory_n to_o judge_v both_o the_o quick_a and_o the_o dead_a and_o to_o reward_v man_n according_a to_o their_o work_n which_o when_o he_o hear_v despise_v the_o man_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o meanness_n he_o let_v they_o go_v without_o any_o severity_n against_o they_o 205._o of_o origen_n we_o read_v that_o he_o be_v so_o great_a a_o despiser_n of_o the_o world_n that_o when_o he_o may_v have_v live_v upon_o the_o maintenance_n of_o other_o he_o will_v not_o but_o part_v with_o his_o library_n of_o book_n to_o one_o that_o be_v to_o allow_v he_o only_o four_o oboli_fw-la a_o day_n the_o day_n he_o spend_v in_o laborious_a task_n and_o exercise_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o night_n in_o study_n he_o always_o remember_v that_o precept_n of_o our_o saviour_n not_o to_o have_v two_o coat_n not_o to_o wear_v shoe_n not_o anxious_o to_o take_v care_n for_o to_o morrow_n nor_o will_v he_o accept_v the_o kindness_n of_o other_o when_o they_o will_v free_o have_v give_v he_o some_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n to_o live_v on_o not_o that_o the_o christian_n of_o those_o time_n think_v it_o unlawful_a to_o possess_v estate_n or_o to_o use_v the_o blessing_n of_o divine_a providence_n for_o though_o in_o those_o time_n of_o persecution_n they_o be_v often_o force_v to_o quit_v their_o estate_n and_o habitation_n yet_o do_v they_o preserve_v their_o propriety_n entire_a and_o industrious_o mind_v the_o necessary_a conveniency_n of_o this_o life_n so_o far_o as_o be_v consistent_a with_o their_o care_n of_o a_o better_a there_o be_v indeed_o a_o sort_n of_o christian_n call_v apostolici_fw-la who_o in_o a_o fond_a imitation_n of_o the_o apostle_n leave_v all_o they_o have_v and_o give_v up_o themselves_o to_o a_o voluntary_a poverty_n hold_v it_o not_o lawful_a to_o possess_v any_o thing_n hence_o they_o be_v also_o call_v apotactici_n or_o renouncer_n because_o they_o quit_v and_o renounce_v whatsoever_o they_o have_v but_o they_o be_v ever_o account_v infamous_a heretic_n they_o be_v 220._o as_o epiphanius_n tell_v we_o the_o descendant_n of_o tatian_n part_n of_o the_o old_a cathari_n and_o encratitae_n together_o with_o who_o they_o be_v put_v in_o a_o law_n of_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n 16._o and_o reckon_v among_o the_o vile_a of_o the_o manichaean_n heretic_n 7._o mention_v also_o by_o julian_n the_o apostate_n as_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o galilaean_n 417._o as_o he_o call_v the_o christian_n by_o he_o compare_v to_o the_o cynic_n philosopher_n among_o the_o heathen_n for_o the_o neglect_v of_o their_o country_n the_o abandon_v of_o their_o estate_n and_o good_n and_o their_o loose_a and_o ramble_a course_n of_o life_n only_o herein_o different_a that_o they_o do_v not_o as_o those_o galilaean_a apotactistae_n run_v up_o and_o down_o under_o a_o pretence_n of_o poverty_n to_o beg_v alm_n the_o truth_n be_v by_o the_o account_n which_o both_o he_o and_o epiphanius_n give_v of_o they_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o very_a patriarch_n and_o primitive_a founder_n of_o those_o mendicant_a order_n
they_o complete_v their_o martyrdom_n 272._o nor_o be_v the_o shame_n of_o this_o way_n of_o suffer_v less_o than_o the_o pain_n of_o it_o crucifixion_n be_v the_o peculiar_a punishment_n of_o slave_n traitor_n and_o the_o vile_a malefactor_n insomuch_o that_o for_o a_o freeman_n to_o die_v thus_o avid_n be_v account_v the_o high_a accent_n of_o ignominy_n and_o reproach_n 248._o therefore_o the_o roman_a historian_n call_v it_o servile_a supplicium_fw-la 436_o a_o punishment_n proper_a to_o slave_n sometime_o they_o be_v crucify_v with_o their_o head_n downward_o supr_n thus_o s._n peter_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v crucify_v thus_o those_o egyptian_a martyr_n who_o hang_v in_o this_o posture_n till_o they_o be_v starve_v out_o of_o the_o world_n but_o this_o punishment_n of_o the_o cross_n soon_o after_o the_o world_n be_v become_v christian_a 412._o constantine_n take_v away_o out_o of_o reverence_n to_o our_o saviour_n not_o be_v willing_a that_o that_o shall_v be_v the_o punishment_n of_o the_o vile_a malefactor_n which_o have_v be_v the_o instrument_n whereupon_o the_o son_n of_o god_n have_v purchase_v salvation_n for_o mankind_n ii_o the_o rack_n call_v in_o latin_a equuleus_n either_o from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o offender_n body_n upon_o the_o engine_n resemble_v a_o man_n on_o horseback_n or_o rather_o from_o the_o horse_v or_o hold_v of_o he_o up_o to_o it_o by_o rope_n and_o screw_n the_o first_o design_n of_o it_o be_v to_o torment_v the_o guilty_a 2._o or_o the_o suspect_a person_n to_o make_v he_o confess_v the_o truth_n what_o the_o particular_a form_n of_o it_o be_v be_v not_o agree_v among_o learned_a man_n 3._o but_o this_o we_o may_v probable_o conceive_v that_o it_o be_v a_o engine_n frame_v of_o several_a piece_n of_o timber_n join_v together_o upon_o the_o top_n whereof_o upon_o a_o long_a board_n the_o suffer_a person_n be_v lay_v along_o upon_o his_o back_n and_o fasten_v to_o it_o by_o his_o hand_n and_o foot_n the_o engine_n be_v so_o contrive_v with_o screw_n and_o pulley_n that_o all_o his_o member_n be_v distend_v with_o the_o utmost_a violence_n even_o to_o a_o luxation_n of_o all_o the_o part_n and_o this_o more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o tormentor_n pleasure_n sometime_o they_o be_v hang_v by_o the_o hand_n and_o foot_n under_o the_o top-board_n of_o the_o engine_n and_o torment_v in_o that_o posture_n this_o rack_n be_v a_o punishment_n which_o the_o christian_n be_v very_o frequent_o put_v to_o much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o catasta_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n raise_v up_o like_o a_o little_a scaffold_n upon_o which_o christian_n be_v set_v that_o their_o torment_n may_v be_v more_o conspicuous_a thence_o that_o proverb_n in_o cyprian_a 47._o ad_fw-la pulpitum_fw-la post_fw-la catastam_fw-la venire_fw-la speak_v of_o aurelius_n a_o confessor_n who_o have_v be_v public_o torment_v upon_o this_o engine_n be_v after_o ordain_v a_o reader_n in_o the_o church_n and_o promote_v to_o read_v the_o scripture_n out_o of_o the_o pulpit_n as_o he_o have_v late_o confess_v christ_n upon_o the_o scaffold_n in_o this_o as_o in_o that_o of_o the_o rack_n there_o be_v certain_a additional_a torment_n make_v by_o instrument_n call_v ungulae_fw-la which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o iron_n pinser_n make_v with_o sharp_a tooth_n with_o which_o the_o flesh_n be_v by_o piecemeal_n pull_v and_o tear_v off_o their_o back_n in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n paul_n the_o three_o proponitur_fw-la one_o of_o these_o ungulae_fw-la as_o the_o author_n of_o the_o roma_fw-it subterranea_fw-la tell_v we_o be_v among_o other_o thing_n find_v in_o the_o vatican_n coemetery_n among_o the_o monument_n of_o the_o martyr_n and_o lay_v up_o among_o the_o other_o relic_n of_o that_o church_n as_o a_o inestimable_a treasure_n and_o a_o worthy_a object_n of_o religious_a worship_n be_v there_o keep_v to_o be_v see_v and_o adore_v by_o all_o christian_a people_n 149._o and_o another_o of_o their_o writer_n be_v about_o to_o describe_v it_o 185._o tell_v we_o that_o though_o altogether_o unworthy_a of_o such_o a_o favour_n yet_o he_o be_v bless_v with_o the_o sight_n of_o it_o and_o that_o as_o become_v he_o he_o kiss_v and_o embrace_v it_o with_o great_a veneration_n which_o by_o the_o way_n seem_v to_o i_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v account_v a_o honour_n and_o a_o kindness_n do_v to_o the_o martyr_n to_o adore_v that_o which_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o their_o torment_n may_v they_o not_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o well_o worship_n their_o executioner_n and_o pay_v a_o religious_a respect_n to_o the_o ash_n of_o those_o who_o drag_v they_o to_o the_o stake_n tear_v off_o their_o flesh_n and_o put_v they_o to_o death_n with_o all_o imaginable_a pain_n and_o torture_n iii_o the_o wheel_n this_o be_v a_o round_a engine_n to_o which_o the_o body_n of_o the_o condemn_a person_n be_v bind_v be_v not_o only_o extreme_o distend_v but_o whirl_v about_o with_o the_o most_o violent_a distortion_n the_o pain_n whereof_o be_v unconceivable_a especial_o as_o use_v towards_o the_o primitive_a christian_n the_o wheel_n to_o which_o they_o be_v bind_v naked_a be_v sometime_o full_a of_o iron_n prick_v sometime_o a_o board_n full_a of_o sharp-pointed_a iron_n prick_v be_v place_v under_o it_o so_o that_o every_o time_n the_o body_n of_o the_o martyr_n come_v to_o it_o they_o rake_v off_o the_o flesh_n with_o inexpressible_a torment_n thus_o be_v serve_v those_o three_o martyr_n foelix_n the_o presbyter_n martyr_n fortunatus_n and_o achilleus_n the_o deacon_n at_o valentia_n in_o france_n 249._o and_o hundred_o more_o in_o other_o place_n iv._o burn_v this_o be_v do_v sometime_o by_o stake_n they_o down_o to_o a_o pile_n of_o wood_n and_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n thus_o suffer_v julianus_n and_o other_o in_o the_o persecution_n at_o alexandria_n 238._o sometime_o by_o lay_v they_o to_o roast_v at_o a_o slow_a gentle_a fire_n that_o they_o may_v die_v with_o the_o great_a torment_n otherwhiles_o they_o be_v hang_v up_o either_o by_o the_o neck_n hand_n or_o foot_n and_o a_o fire_n make_v under_o they_o either_o to_o burn_v or_o choke_v they_o or_o burn_a torch_n hold_v to_o several_a part_n of_o their_o naked_a body_n sometime_o they_o be_v place_v in_o a_o iron_n chair_n or_o lay_v upon_o a_o iron_n grate_n which_o be_v either_o make_v red_a hot_a or_o have_v a_o fire_n continual_o burn_v under_o it_o of_o all_o which_o way_n of_o execution_n and_o some_o other_o near_o akin_a to_o they_o be_v it_o not_o too_o tedious_a i_o can_v easy_o give_v abundant_a instance_n this_o be_v account_v one_o of_o the_o prince_n way_n of_o capital_a punishment_n and_o none_o be_v adjudge_v to_o it_o but_o the_o great_a villain_n poenis_fw-la the_o mean_a and_o vile_a person_n v._o throw_v to_o wild_a beast_n this_o be_v a_o punishment_n very_o common_a among_o the_o roman_n when_fw-mi to_o condemn_v a_o man_n to_o fight_v for_o his_o life_n with_o the_o most_o savage_a beast_n bear_n leopard_n lion_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v usual_o the_o portion_n of_o the_o vile_a and_o most_o despicable_a offender_n under_o which_o notion_n the_o gentile_n look_v upon_o the_o christian_n do_v most_o common_o condemn_v they_o to_o this_o kind_n of_o death_n a_o thing_n so_o familiar_a that_o it_o become_v in_o a_o manner_n proverbal_a christianos_n ad_fw-la leones_n 40._o away_o with_o the_o christian_n to_o the_o lion_n and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v devour_v with_o the_o more_o ease_n they_o be_v many_o time_n tie_v down_o to_o a_o stake_n sometime_o clothe_v in_o beasts-skin_n the_o more_o eager_o to_o provoke_v the_o rage_n and_o fury_n of_o the_o wild_a beast_n against_o they_o vi_o condemn_v to_o the_o mine_n to_o this_o the_o roman_n adjudge_v their_o slave_n and_o the_o most_o infamous_a malefactor_n and_o to_o this_o too_o the_o christian_n be_v often_o send_v what_o their_o treatment_n be_v in_o those_o place_n beside_o their_o continual_a toil_n and_o drudgery_n 155._o cyprian_n let_v we_o know_v in_o a_o letter_n to_o nemesian_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o labour_v in_o the_o mine_n viz._n that_o they_o be_v cruel_o beat_v with_o club_n bind_v with_o chain_n force_v to_o lie_v upon_o the_o hard_a cold_a damp_n ground_n conflict_v with_o hunger_n nakedness_n the_o deformity_n of_o their_o head_n half_o shave_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o slave_n and_o force_v to_o live_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o filth_n and_o nastiness_n beside_o which_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v mark_v and_o brand_v in_o the_o face_n to_o have_v their_o right_a eye_n pull_v out_o possunt_fw-la and_o their_o left_a foot_n disable_v by_o cut_v the_o nerve_n and_o sinew_n of_o it_o not_o to_o say_v that_o be_v once_o under_o this_o condemnation_n all_o their_o estate_n be_v forfeit_v to_o