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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A46811	Annotations upon the remaining historicall part of the Old Testament. The second part. to wit, the books of Joshua, Judges, the two books of Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles, and the books of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther : wherein first, all such passages in the text are explained as were thought likely to be questioned by any reader of ordinary capacity : secondly, in many clauses those things are discovered which are needfull and usefull to be known ... and thirdly, many places that mights at first seem to contradict one another are reconciled ... / by Arthur Jackson.	Jackson, Arthur, 1593?-1666.	1646 (1646)	Wing J65; ESTC R25554	997,926	828

by building this citie again as it were blot out the memoriall of this miraculous work For that Joshua pronounced this curse by Gods command is evident 1. Kings 16.34 In his dayes did Hiel the Bethelite build Jericho he laid the foundation thereof in Abiram his first-born and set up the gates thereof in his youngest sonne Segub according to the word of the Lord which he spake by Joshua the sonne of Nun. He shall lay the foundation thereof in his first-born and in his youngest sonne shall he set up the gates of it That is let it cost him the losse of all his children the first when he begins it the other as he goeth forward with the work and the last when he finisheth it For the hanging up the gates is counted as it were the finishing of a citie How this curse fell upon Hiel the Bethelite who in Ahabs reigne built this citie again is noted in the place before cited 1. Kings 16.34 CHAP. VII Vers 1. BVt the children of Israel committed a trespasse in the accursed thing That is one of the Israelites The people being considered conjunctim as one entire body that which was done by one of the members is here ascribed to the whole body of Israel For Achan the sonne of Carmi the sonne of Zabdi the sonne of Zerah of the tribe of Judah took of the accursed thing This Achan is also called Achar 1. Chron. 2.7 which signifieth a troubler whence he is called there Achar the troubler of Israel as likewise the place where he was stoned is called the valley of Achar that is of trouble vers 26. of this chapter Partly the better to evidence the certain truth of the historie and partly to implie the stain he brought upon his ancestours his genealogie is here set down to wit that Carmi was his father and so Zabdi who is also called Zimri 1. Chron. 2.6 his grandfather and Zerah or Zarah who was the sonne of Judah Gen. 38.30 was his great grandfather Indeed considering that Zerah was at least fourteen years old when he went with his father Judah and his grandfather Jacob into Egypt about the yeare of the world 2298. as by computation of years gathered from the historie of Moses may be made evident and that from their going down into Egypt unto the destruction of Jericho are usually reckoned at the least two hundred fiftie and six years it may well seem strange that in all this time there should be but foure generations Zerah the sonne of Judah being but the great grandfather of Achan But this doubt may well be satisfied by yielding that each of these that are mentioned were born in their fathers latter dayes For if Zerah begat Zabdi when he was seventie and one years old fiftie seven years after his going into Egypt in the yeare of the world 2355. and Zabdi begat Carmi at seventie years old in the yeare of the world 2425. and Carmi begat Achan also at seventie years old in the yeare of the world 2495. then was Achan at their coming out of Egypt nineteen years old and at the sacking of Jericho about fiftie nine or threescore And the anger of the Lord was kindled against the children of Israel To wit because Israel had sinned as it is said before And indeed as in the bodie we use to beat the back for any offence committed by the tongue so in bodies politick civill societies it is no wonder that God should lay upon any of the members temporall punishments for a sinne committed by another of that body especially if we consider that God may have alwayes just cause to punish any of his people for sinne in themselves though for the present he take occasion to strike for the sinne of another that men may learn to hate sinne the more which brings ruine upon more many times then the sinner himself and be the more studious to bring others to fear God as themselves do Vers 2. And Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai which is besides Beth-aven on the east side of Beth-el c. This Ai in Gen. 12.8 is written Hai and Nehem. 11.31 Aijah It is said here to have been near both to Beth-el and Beth-aven Beth-el therefore was not farre from Beth-aven which signifieth the house of vanity or of a lie and in regard whereof it was that when Jeroboam had set up his idols in Beth-el by signification the house of God the prophets were wont to call it in contempt and scorn by the name of this neighbour town Beth-aven the house of vanity Hos 4.15 Though thou Israel play the harlot yet let not Judah offend and come not ye unto Gilgal neither go ye up to Beth-aven nor swear The Lord liveth 10.5 The inhabitants of Samaria shall fear because of the calves of Beth-aven Now to this Ai Joshua sent spies as before to Jericho yet these men were not to go into Ai as before into Jericho but into the countrey about ●t where they might view the passages and observe afarre off the strength and fortifications of the city Go up saith he view the countrey Vers 3. And they returned to Joshua and said unto him Let not all the people go up c. And thus by the confidence and resolution of these men and by their slighting of Ai as a place of no strength that might easily be taken by a few of the Israelites the Lord did secretly make way to that which he had purposed to do in the chastising of the Israelites for the sinne of Achan Doubtlesse the spies spake what they thought to wit that it was needlesse to carry up the whole host of Israel against so small a city as Ai was Let about two or three thousand go up say they and smite Ai and make not all the people to labour thither for they are but few But God had a further end in this which they knew not of namely that the Israelites might be smitten by the men of Ai whereas had all the armie of Israel gone up the inhabitants of Ai would not have dared to have sallied out and withall that this might be done but to a small company of the Israelites to speak of that the losse and dishonour might be the lesse And hence it was too that Joshua and the rest did so presently approve of this advice of the spies whenas otherwise much might have been said against it Vers 4. So there went up thither of the people about three thousand men and they fled before the men of Ai. Notwithstanding the men of Ai were doubtlesse as the rest of the inhabitants of Canaan greatly dejected with fear of the Israelites and the Israelites on the other side much imboldned with the late wonders God had wrought for them and particularly with the overthrow and destruction of Jericho and though they went not rashly against this city for he had sent spies beforehand to search out the passages and advantages of the countrey and whereas the

of the countrey and therefore the royall citie of the kings of Israel before Samaria as is here clearly implyed in that it is said that Menahem smote all the coast of Tiphsah from Tirzah that is as farre as Tirzah therefore I conceive that this was some other Tiphsah that was not farre from Tirzah The cause why Menahem smote this city is here said to be because they opened not to him it seems they refused to acknowledge him for their king and would not open their gates to receive him whereupon being enraged against them like a true tyrant to make the other cities afraid to follow their example he smote not onely the city but all the coasts about it destroying the inhabitants and exercising therein all kind of crueltie as appears by the particular instance here given all the women therein that were with child he ript up Vers 19. And Pull the king of Assyria came against the land c. This was the first Babylonian Monarch called in other writers Belosus and Phul-Belosus The Assyrians had hitherto been the great Monarchs of the world but this Pull or Belosus joyning with Arbaces the Mede besieged Sardanapalus the last of the Assyrian Monarchs an effeminate prince and hated of all his subjects untill at last after two years siege in despair he burnt himself and thereupon his Monarchy was divided Arbaces taking to himself the Empire of the Medes and Persians and Pull or Belosus the Empire of Babylon and Assyria and therefore called himself the king of Assyria and this was he that now invaded the land of Israel and though the cause of the invasion be not here expressed yet most likely it is that by the Arabians and Syrians from whom Jeroboam the second had taken much chap. 14.28 He recovered Damascus and Hamath c. he was now called in to invade the kingdome of Israel when it had been many years together weakened by those civill and intestine broiles before mentioned that were in the land And Menahem gave Pull a thousand talents of silver that his hand might be with them c. That is he not onely purchased his peace with the Assyrian king by that gift but also procured a promise of his aid upon all occasions for the establishment of his kingdome whereby it is evident that though he had usurped the kingdome yet he enjoyed it not without opposition Vers 25. And smote him in Samaria in the palace of the kings house with Argob and Arieh and with him fifty men of the Gileadites These it seems were Pekahs partners in his conspiracie against Pekahiah the sonne of Menahem Vers 29. In the dayes of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglath-pileser king of Assryia c. He is called Tilgath-pilneser 1. Chron. 5.26 and was doubtlesse the sonne of Pull king of Assyria that had not many years before invaded the land in the dayes of Menahem vers 19. and therefore called Tiglath-pull-assir the cause why he now came into the land of Israel is expressed elsewhere though it be not mentioned here it seems this Pekah king of Israel combined with Rezin king of Syria against Ahaz king of Judah and did first severally invade his land and sorely oppressed him and then afterwards joyntly went up to besiege Ahaz king of Judah in Jerusalem whereupon Ahaz being at the same time invaded also in other parts of his kingdomes by other neighbouring nations sent to this great king of Assyria to desire his help against these two kings as is expressed in the following chapter vers 7. So Ahaz sent messengers to Tiglath-pileser king of Assyria saying I am thy servant and thy sonne come up and save me out of the hand of the king of Syria and out of the hand of the king of Israel which rise up against me and thereupon he came as he desired into the land of Israel the rather happely because this Pekah had slain the sonne of Menahem whom his father Pull had settled in the kingdome of Israel as is before noted and so took the severall places here mentioned in the kingdome of Israel to wit Ijon and Abel-beth-maachah and Janoah a town belonging to Ephraim Josh 16.6 and Kedesh and Hazer cities of Napthali Josh 19.36 37. and Gilead that is all the land without Jordan where the Rubenites and Gadites and half tribe of Manasseh had their possessions and Galilee all the land of Napthali and carried them captive to Assyria so that indeed at this time he subdued in a manner five tribes of Israel to wit those without Jordan who as they had first their inheritance given them so they were now first carried away captives and the tribes of Zebulon and Napthali who were seated in the land of Galilee And this was the first captivity of Israel Neither do we ever reade that these that were now carried away or their posterity did ever return again into the land of Israel as those of Judah did that were afterwards carried into Babilon whence it is that when the prophet Isaiah threatned the Jewes with the captivity of Babilon he added this as a comfort that their calamity should not be such as when their brethren of Israel were carryed captive into Assyria Isa 9.1 Neverthelesse the dimnesse shall not be such as was in her vexation when at the first he lightly afflicted the land of Zebulon and the land of Naphtali and afterwards did more grievously afflict her by the way of the sea beyond Jordan in Galilee of the nations Vers 30. And Hoshea the sonne of Elah made a conspiracie against Pekah c. Doubtlesse the people of Israel were greatly enraged because so many of their tribes were carried away captive into Assyria by Tiglath-pileser king of Assyria and laid all the blame upon this their unfortunate king Pekah partly because by making warre against Ahaz king of Judah causelessely he had provoked Ahaz to call in the Assyrians to his help and partly because he got the kingdome by slaying Pekahiah the sonne of Menahem whom the Assyrian king had settled in the throne of Israel Now being thus fallen under the contempt and hatred of his people it is no wonder that Hoshea should find enow that would joyn with him in a conspiracy to kill him which accordingly they accomplished and so the Lord cut him off by a conspiracy of his subjects that himself got the crown by the murder of Pekahiah his Sovereigne And reigned in his stead in the twentieth yeare of Jotham the sonne of Uzziah Here it is expressely said that Hoshea having slain Pekah began his reigne in the twentieth yeare of Jotham and yet afterwards vers 33. it is said that Jotham reigned but sixteen years and in the first verse of the next chapter it is said that Ahaz the sonne of Jotham began his reigne in the seventeenth yeare of Pekah But to reconcile these seeming contradictions we must know that Jotham lived twenty years after he was settled in the throne of Judah upon the death of

Babylon 2. Kings 24.15 together with ten thousand captives of the people vers 12 13 14. And made Zedekiah his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem That is his uncle his fathers brother by the father but the brother of Jehoahaz both by father and mother see 2. Kings 24.17 18. Vers 13. And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar who had made him swear by God Which did greatly aggravate his sinne Ezek. 17.15 16. But he rebelled against him in sending his Embassadours into Egypt that they might give him horses and much people shall he prosper shall he escape that doth such things or shall he break the covenant and be delivered As I live saith the Lord God surely in the place where the king dwelleth that made him king whose oath he despised and whose covenant he brake even with him in the middest of Babylon he shall die See 2. Kings 24.20 Vers 17. Therefore he brought upon them the king of the Chaldees c. See 2. Kings 25.2 The city was besieged a full yeare and a half and was at length taken by force and the people exposed to the rage of their mercilesse enemies Zedekiah indeed by a secret way escaped with his wives children and principall servants to the plaines of Jericho but being there overtaken was carried back to Nebuchadnezzar where his children being first slain before his face his eyes were put out and so being bound in fetters of brasse he was carryed to Babylon see 2. Kings 25.1 7. Vers 20. And them that had escaped from the sword carried he away to Babylon To wit by Nebuzar-adan captain of his guard some immediately after the taking of Jerusalem and some in after times indeed some of the poorer people together with some that had followed the partie of Nebuchadnezzar were left behind to till the ground and one Gedaliah was left to be their governour but he being slain by Ishmael they all sled for fear into Egypt where they afterwards indured all kind of misery Where they were servants to him and his sonnes untill the reigne of the kingdome of Persia That is to Nebuchadnezzar and Evilmerodach his sonne 2. Kings 25.27 and Belshazzar his grand-child sonne of Evilmerodach according to that Jer. 27.6.7 And now have I given all these lands into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar c. and all nations shall serve him and his sonne and his sonnes sonne in which times doubtlesse the miseries of the Jewes were many and great though withall the bitternesse thereof was somewhat allayed partly by the prophecying of Ezekiel amongst them partly through the favour they might find by means of Jechoniah Esther Mordecai Daniel and others that were in their times much respected and honoured by these Babylonian kings Vers 21. To fulfill the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah untill the land had enjoyed her sabbaths c. That is the citie of Jerusalem being thus destroyed the people carried away the land lay desolate seventy years which was ten sabbaths of years as Jeremiah had prophecyed Jer. 25.11 This whole land shall be a desolation and an astonishment and these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years and 29.10 After seventy years be accomplished at Babylon I will visit you And so that came to passe which God threatned Levit. 26.34 35. Then shall the land enjoy her sabbaths as long as it lies desolate and you be in your enemies land c. because it did not rest in your sabbaths when you dwelt upon it Some indeed do begin the seventy years captivity from the carrying away of Jechoniah 2. Kings 24.12 and that first because Jeremiah writing to those that were carried away with him tells them that after seventy years the Lord would visit them Jer. 29.10 secondly because Ezekiel doth usually reckon the years of the Babylonian captivity from that of Jechoniah Ezek. 1.2 and the 8 1. and the 20.1 c. yea and doth distinguish it from the destruction of Jerusalem Ezek. 40.1 In the five and twentieth yeare of our captivity in the beginning of the yeare in the tenth day of the moneth in the fourteenth yeare after the city was smitten in the self same day the hand of the Lord was upon me thirdly because that captivity was most notable both for the number and for the quality of those that were then carryed away to wit the king his mother his servants princes and officers and all the mighty men of valour even ten thousand captives c. 2. Kings 24.12 13 14. But yet I conceive these seventy years are rather to be numbred from the destruction of Jerusalem first because Dan. 9.2 they are called the seventy years of the desolations of Jerusalem secondly because the same term of seventy years is set for the subjection of other neighbouring nations Isaiah 23.15 And it shall come to passe in that day that Tyre shall be forgotten seventy years c. and so also Jer. 25.11 and it is well known that Nebuchadnezzar did not subdue those neighbouring nations and make himself the great monarch of those parts of the world till the time that Jerusalem was taken and destroyed and thirdly because here and elsewhere usually the prophecy of the seventy years is said to be fulfilled in the destruction of Jerusalem and the following desolation of that countrey Vers 22. Now in the first yeare of Cyrus king of Persia c. See Ezra 1.1 ANNOTATIONS Upon the book of EZRA CHAP. I. NOw in the first yeare of Cyrus king of Persia c. That this book of Ezra was alwayes acknowledged by the Jews a part of the sacred Canon of Scripture I find not questioned by any indeed who was the penman and writer of it we cannot absolutely say yet generally it is held that it was written by Ezra whose name is set as the title of the book and it is the more probable because he was of the chief stock of the priests the sonne that is the grandchild of Seraiah chap. 7.1 who was the chief priest in the dayes of Zedekiah and slain by the Chaldeans when Jerusalem was destroyed by them 2. Kings 25.18.21 and withall because he lived when these things were done which are related in this book to wit in the time of the peoples return from Babylon and was a ready scribe as is expressely noted of him chap. 7.6 and so the more likely to continue the history of the common-wealth of the Jews in his times as the prophets that lived in the former ages had severally done in their times The first two verses are word for word the same that we have in the close of the foregoing book of the second of Chronicles which hath moved some Expositours to think that the books of the Chronicles were also written by Ezra and therein we are told that in the first yeare of Cyrus king of Persia that is in the first yeare of his Empire the first yeare of his reigne over Babylon for he had then been king of