in which there may bee occasion either of doing good or of offending in some speciall manner Thus Iob (a) Iob. 1.4 5. when his sonnes had beene feasting because great cheere and much merriment are most times occasions of some sinne therefore at their returne home he called them together and sanctified them and offered burnt offerings according to the number of them all For Iob said It may be my sonnes haue sinned and cursed God in their heart Thus did Iob continually And thus Christians should doe when they returne from making purchases or striking of bargaines or following of Law-suites or feasting with their friends or debating of controuersies or any other the like workes and imployments of moment they should call together their thoughts and examine their hearts concerning all the former passages and sanctifie their soules by lamenting their sinne and purposing a better life 5. It is a fit time also to examine our consciences when we haue some speciall occasion to prepare our selues for God or to intreate his fauour in some speciall sort Thus the Church of Israel when thy were in distresse and sighed to God for reliefe Lam. 3.40 they encourage each other Let vs search and try our wayes and turne againe to the Lord. And S. Paul when the Lords Supper was to be administred because it was a matter of great weight and might breede much harme to the vnworthy Receiuer therefore prescribeth this rule of preparation to all that mind to partake of that Sacrament 1 Cor. 11.28 Let a man examine himselfe and so let him eate of this bread and drinke of this cup. And so in like maner if we be in any distresse or danger by reason of our sinnes that is a fit time to examine our selues that by serious repentance wee may goe to begge pardon And if wee bee to receiue the blessed Supper of our Lord then wee should examine also lest being vnprepared for so holy a worke we proue vnworthy partakers of Christs body And if we keepe a fasting day for the humiliation of our soules that is a fit time that by taking a view of our sinnes we may bee the more deiected with sorrow And if we keepe a Sabbath day or some great day of festiuity vnto the Lord that also is a fit time that our soules hauing by examination beene purged from our sinnes wee may bee prepared to heare and pray and praise God with attention and zeale But especially if we be cast vpon our sicke beds in danger of death and in expectation of our dissolution then is a most vrgent time to take accounts of our soules that our reckonings may be made euen before we be called to account at Gods Tribunall seat For as the tree falleth so it lyeth and if we dye vnprepared we shall be vnable to answere him who is the Iudge of quicke and dead In these therefore and all other cases of like moment and consequence there is great cause to vse this worke Lastly besides those daily and casuall times it is a conuenient time also after some good space passed in this manner to examine our selues ouer againe as for example after a moneth or after a yeere to consider our selues for the moneth or yeere last passed that thereby we may see how wee haue profited or how wee haue decayed for that space of time For (a) Sicut non sentimus quo modo crescunt membra proficit corpus mutatur species nigredo capillorum albescit in canis Haec quippe omnia nobis nesciētibus aguntur in nobis ita mens nostra per momenta viuendi ipso curarā vsu à semetipsa permutatur c. Greg. Moral lib. 25. cap. 6. as our members grow and our shape euery day changeth and our blacke haires turne gray while wee perceiue it not nor can tell when and how these changes come yet after some space of time we may casily discerne that so we are changed so it is in the state of our soules besides the manifest changes of it which doe appeare while they are in doing there are certaine insensible alterations which are not to be discerned but after some continuance of time And for the rectifying of these it is necessary to take a more generall view of our soules then in euery daies examination we can doe that wee may see wherein we are better or worse or how our zeale is increased or decayed ouer that which it was a moneth or halfe a yeere or a yeere or longer time before For by this meanes we shall not only see our grosser and more apparent faults but euen our decay of feruor and religion which creepeth vpon vs vnawares and so learne to blow the coales of zeale and to stirre vp the grace of God that is in vs that we may (b) Apoc. 3.2 strengthen the things which remayne and are ready to dye For which purpose the Ancients haue beene accustomed to vse the time of Lent as I haue shewed in an (a) Treatise of Fasting chap. 10. pag. 129 131. other place more fully CHAP. VI. Of the benefits of this worke or what good vse it may serue a Christian for HAuing hitherto in some measure declared the nature of Examination with the adjuncts appertaining thereto I come now in the last place to consider the benefits that we may reape by it the consideration whereof may animate vs to abound in this worke of the Lord when we shall know that our labour is not in vaine in the Lord. And for that purpose I haue gathered and obserued these vses following I. Examination is a good meanes for Repentance 1. Reason It will be a good meanes to fit and leade vs to repentance and amendment and that in two respects 1. Because it will serue to discouer vnto vs our sinnes and make vs see our wretched and miserable condition For we such is our frailety and corruption doe daily yea hourely commit many sinnes which through heedlessenes or vnskilfulnes or strength of passion or because wee are intent vpon some other businesse which then taketh vp all our thoughts wee obserue not or discerne not for the present But businesses ended and the occasions and tentations passed when we are more free both from distraction and passion if then wee take a time to bethinke our selues and to recall all that is past then our thoughts will be our owne and we shall in cold blood be able to see many things which before went vnespied Then for example we shall bee able to tell our owne soules Such a time I met with a bon-companion and ouer-shot my selfe with excesse of drinke and such a time I met with a wanton Minion who inueigled mee with her lookes and I was ensnared with her loue and such a time I met with a crosse-neighbour and my heart did rise against him at the very sight of him and at such a time I met with some merry mates and in our idle chatt I disgraced my neighbour
life for finding out the true estate of a mans soule toward God accompanied with a purpose and endeuour to doe whatsoeuer vpon tryall shall appeare requisite for saluation and the good of a mans soule CHAP. III. Of the Obiect of this worke or the matter about which it is to be exercised HItherto we haue spoken of the acts now we are to consider of the Obiect or matter about which they are to be bestowed and imployed And it may bee considered two wayes either generally and such as it is in the largest extent which wee may call the adequate obiect or specially and such as is in more principall manner to bee respected and looked to which may be called the Principall or speciall obiect I. And first for the adequate obiect including euery thing that ought to be examined or about which a Christian should examine himselfe it is whatsoeuer either thought word or deede which carrieth any respect either of righteousnes or sinfulnesse in it or all both our good and our euill deedes For Examination being as before was noted a kinde of iudiciary proceeding with our owne soules in which wee keepe Sessions at home that we may prepare for the great Iudgement it hath for its obiect the same matter that shall be discussed and sentenced at the day of the last Iudgement And that is as Solomon telleth vs euery worke whether good or euill For (a) Eccles. 11.14 GOD saith he shall bring euery worke into iudgement with euery secret thing whether it bee good or euill that is euery thing that is morally euill or morally good or which is either sinfull or righteous And therefore in imitation of Gods proceeding in his Iudgement we also should proceede in our iudging of our selues which is to consider of euery thing which is either good or euill sinfull or righteous a breach of Gods Law or a performance of it But for our more distinct vnderstanding and our better direction heerein it will not bee amisse to consider our good and our euill workes each apart by themselues And first for our euill deedes or our sinnes wee may note these rules following 1. We must consider and examine our schies as well concerning our omissions of duties as commissions of euils For in the last Iudgement our Lord the Iudge of quicke and dead he will not onely giue sentence against murders and oppressions and robberies and such like but (b) Matth. 25.41 42 43. against vnmercifulnesse also and the not feeding of the hungry the not lodging of the stranger the not clothing of the naked the not visiting of the sicke c. And so when wee are to iudge our selues wee must censure not onely our hurting of our neighbour but our not helping of him nor onely our back-biting of our neighbour but our not defending of his good name nor onely our persecuting of Gods Word but our not profiting by it nor onely our robbing of the poore but our not relieuing of them and so in all other the like cases our not doing of that which is good when dutie doth require it of vs is culpable before God and is part of that matter about which our Examination ought to be exercised 2. We must consider not onely the substance of our sinnes but the circumstances of them also such as are the persons the time the place the facion or manner of doing c. for all these may either aggrauate or mitigate the sinne So we see that the treason of Iudas is counted the more grieuous Psal 41.9 Ioh. 13.18 because he was one of Christs familiar friends which did cate of his bread and Maâ—asses his idolatrie was the more hainous because hee (a) 2 Chron. 33.7 set his idol in the House of God of which GOD had said to Dauid and to Solomon his Sonne In this House and in â—erusalem which I haue chosen before all the tribes of Israel will I put my name for euer And so the cruel dealing of the Iews was the more hainous because (b) Isa 58.3 4. in the day of their fast they did exact all their labours and did smite with the fist of wickednes And Solomons idolatry did anger offend God the more because (a) 1 King 11.9 10. his heart was turned from the Lord which had appeared vnto him twise and had commanded him concerning this thing that hee should not goe after other Gods And so our sinnes will be the more grieuous if we wrong them who haue helped vs or if in the Church of God and in the time of his seruice our hearts doe meditate reuenge or forecast vniust deuices or take pleasure to thinke on our fleshly lusts c. And therefore these circumstances are to come into the account together with the maine sinnes 3. Thirdly not onely the sinne but the occasion of it is to be considered for this may either increase or diminish the guiltinesse of it As the rich man that had many sheepe of his owne and yet tooke away the poore mans lambe 2 Sam. 12.1 c. to make his friend welcome with was the more grieuous offender by much because hauing no neede hee did rob the poore man And againâ— the consideration of the occasion or prouocation by which we were led into sinne may teach vs wiscome by shunning such occasions to escape from the sinnes 4. Fourthly wee are to reckon among our sins that must be accounted for not onely our commissions of euill deedes and omissions of good duties but euen our vnperfect and defectiue performances For of these the Church of God doth accuse themselues (b) Isa 64.6 All our righteousnesses are as filthy raggs and in respect of these it was that the High Priest was by the Law (c) Exod. 28.38 to carrie the iniquity of the holy things which the children of Israel should hallow in all their holy gifts For that doth imply that the seruices of Gods people had their imperfections and errors which because they were failings in duties were to bee borne by Iesus our High Priest as our other sins were And therefore wee must reckon with our selues not onely for omitting or neglecting the exercises of Religion but for our distractions our wandring thoughts and our cold and dull affections while we did performe them Thus our euill deedes or sinnes may be considered our good workes and holy duties may not be neglected neither and that for these reasons 1. Because we are many times deceiued with shewes thinking that to be good which is euill and that to bee some great good which is but a poore seruice in comparison Thus (a) Philip. 3.6 Paul thought hee shewed much zeale when bee persecuted the Church of Christ and (b) Iudg. 17.13 Micah thought hee had highly demerited Gods fauour when hee kept a Priest for idolatrous seruice and Iehu boasted of his killing of Ahabs children (c) 2 King 10.16 Come with me saith he and see my zeale for the
comfort in the practice of this vngratefull worke in regard whereof I may truly say and that shall be the clause of this point Either examining will make a man leaue his sinning or sinning will make him leaue off examining III. Thirdly Examination maketh vs indifferent Iudges betweene others and our selues the due performance of this worke will make vs more indifferent and more equall in iudging of our neighbours and brethren For if a man doe not sift his soule and distouer his owne corruption selfe loue and pride brâ—â— in mans nature euer since Adams fall will make him to ouer-weene himselfe and vnder-value others And this is the chiefe reason why men are so fauourable in their owne causes and so peremptory in other mens But if men by sifting their soules haue discouered their sinnes the sense of their owne wants will make them more pittifull towards others as St. Paul implyeth when hee exhorteth men to meekenes towards other men from this consideration because (a) Tit. 3.2 3. themselues were sometimes vnwise disobedient c. And from this (b) Gal. 6.1 Lest themselues also be tempted And where St. Paul saith of himselfe (c) 1 Tim. 1.15 that hee was chiefe of sinners S. Bernard noteth (d) Neque buc dicebat Paulus meÌ„tiendi praecipitatiaâ—e sed aestimandi affectione Qui enim persectè exammando seipsuÌ„ intelligit suo peccato nullius peccatum par esse existimaâ— quod non sicut suum intelligit Bern. de vita solitar ad fratres de Monte Dei pag. 1020. I. that he spake this not falsely out of rashnesse and temerity but feelingly and out of the sense and esteeme that hee had of his sinnes For he that by examining himselfe doth throughly vnderstand himselfe thinketh no mans sinne to bee equall to his owne which hee knoweth not so well as his owne And therefore if men would carefully performe this worke in examining themselues they would not rashly condemne others without cause IIII. * ExaminatioÌ„ comforteth against despaire This daily reckoning with our selues will be a meanes to strengthen vs against despaire and to comfort vs in a time of tentation and feare For if the Deuill shall present our sinnes before our face and aggrauate them that he may driue vs to despaire then our former practice of this dutie will be a help to support vs two waies 1. Because by often reckoning with our soules we haue gotten the true knowledge of our states we haue found out our sins both which they be and of what quality they are and therefore wee shall not so easily bee deceiued by Satan if hee presse them beyond their pitch and aggrauate them beyond their condition as in times of distresse he vsually doth 2. Because by this daily reckoning and iudgeing of our selues we haue made all euen between God and our soules For hauing confessed our sinnes and censured our selues and fled to God for forgiuenesse we haue his promise of remission and pardon And then whatsoeuer our sinnes be as certainely they are both the fewer and the lesser for the performance of this worke but whatsoeuer they be we know they cannot hurt vs because God hath forgiuen them And these things will be vnto vs matter of great comfort in a time of conflict and distresse at which time a little peace of conscience will bee worth all the world For whereas men that haue liued securely without casting vp of their accounts are in times of tentation ouerwhelmed with horrour being neither able to giue comfort to themselues nor to receiue it from others hee that hath vsed a daily reckoning with his soule will bee moued at the sight of his sinnes rather to blesse God for his mercy because he hath pardoned them than to despaire of his mercy for feare that he will not pardon them V. Fiftly and lastly Examination is a meanes to preuent Gods Iudgement our iudging of our selues in this sort will be a meanes to preuent Gods heauier Iudgement afterward For God will haue our sinnes to be discouered one way or other and will haue vs to be conuicted and iudged for them and if our selues doe (a) Prou. 28.13 Psal 32.5 1 Cor. 11.31 1 Ioh. 1.9 bolte them out and produce them he will couer them and if we accuse and condemne our selues he will absolue and acquit vs and if wee punish our offences he will forgiue them Whereupon St. Chrysostom concludeth that (a) Lectum atque quietem petiturus hoc iudiciuÌ„ ineas idoneum enim ad hanc reÌ„ hoc teÌ„pus est c. Id si quotidie diligenter facies terribili futuri Iuditis Tribunali laetus assistes Chysost Hom. 43. in Matth. pag. 398. B. if a man doe diligently euery day perfor me this worke of examination he may stand with comfort before the dreadfull Barre of the great Iudge But if we neglect this dutie or slubber it ouer without care he will take it into his own hands and will performe it to the purpose hee (b) Zeph. 1.12 will search Ierusalem with candles and hee (c) Psal 50.21 will reproue the vngodly and set his sinnes in order before his eyes and hee will (d) Eccles. 12. vlt. bring euery worke into Iudgement whether it bee good or euill and nothing shall goe for nought that hath beene done against his Law For aut homine puniente aut Deo iudicante plectentur they must bee punished either by our owne censure or by the sentence of God who is the great Iudge of all the world And in this sort our reckoning with our selues will preuent Gods iudging of vs at the last day These and such like be the benefits which wee may reape by this exercise Out of the consideration of all which I thinke I may iustly apply to this worke of Examination that which Moses spake of Gods Word deliuered to the Israelites (e) Deut. 32.47 It is no vaine thing concerning vs because it is our life and through this thing wee may prolong our daies in a blessed and happy state for euermore And this bare consideration is argument enough both to commend the necessity of the worke and to command our diligence and care for the practice of it But yet to set a little more edge vpon our affections we may hence deduce three considerations applicable to our practice and state of life 1. Wee may hereeby see what the cause is why most of vs notwithstanding our hearing and reading and praying and communicating yet do rather decay than thriue in grace For though I will not deny but this defect may be ascribed to some other causes also yet seeing Examination is so vsefull for repentance and so powerfull for amendment and reformation the neglect of this must needes breed a great defect of grace euen as the absence of the sunne which is the fountaine of heate maketh way for frost and snow in the world Nor is it any maruell that negligence in accounting
THE TRIBVNALL OF THE CONSCIENCE OR A TREATISE OF EXAMINATION SHEWING Why and how a Christian should examine his Conscience and take an account of his life BY HENRY MASON Parson of St. Andrews Vndershaft London LONDON Printed by G. P. for Iohn Clarke and are to be sold at his Shop vnder St. Peters Church in Corne-hill 1626. TO THE RIGHT HONOVRABLE Sr. THOMAS COVENTRY Knight Lord Keeper of the great Seale of ENGLAND Right Honourable Lord NOt long since I published a small Treatise concerning Fasting and therein the matter giuing me occasion for it I mentioned some holy duties fit as I thought to bee practised vpon a fasting-day as namely Examination of our liues Confession of our sinnes and a stedfast purpose of a better life But these being there but named only because the handling of them was not proper to that place some haue desired a more full direction for the right performance of those holy duties And because Examination of the Conscience is one of them and such a one as doth leade and direct and carry with it all the rest I was vpon this occasion perswaded to reuise some Notes which lay by mee concerning that argument and thence I haue framed this short Treatise which I therefore call the Tribunall of the Conscience because the worke intended is a kinde of judiciary proceeding wherein a mans conscience doth giue sentence vpon himselfe And this little Treatise concerning the iudgement of the Conscience I haue made bold to offer to your Lordships Patronage and Protection who by your Office are IVDGE of the Court of Conscience hoping that hauing your Name in the Front it may finde the more fauour abroad and nothing doubting but if it finde entertainement it will returne some part of thankfulnesse to your Lordship backe againe by easing you and your Court of friuolous tedious and vnrighteous quarels For if Plaintifes would examine their conscience concerning the iustnesse of their cause and the reasonablenesse of their demands it would make them to relinquish their cauilling suites before they did commence them And if Defendants would examine their conscience concerning the wrongs they haue done and the dues which they owe it would make them to giue a willing satisfaction rather than to weary their neighbour with vniust and shifting delaies And if Lawyers would examine their conscience concerning such rules as Religion doth tye them to in pleading for mens rights it would make them to turne away such Clients as brought them vnreasonable causes And if Iudges would examine their conscience concerning the duties of their place and the condition of the suites that euery day are debated in the Court it would make them so to entertaine all sorts of wranglers as that they would haue no great lust to bring friuolous matters before a righteous Iudge And so at length it might bee hoped that that might happen in your Lordships time which they say did happen in the time of Sir Thomas More * Stapletō de tribus Thomis in vita Tho. Mori cap. 3. Who as mine Author saith hauing ended a cause then before him did call for the next to be brought but answer was returned him that there was neuer another cause behinde And so the Court was dismissed because there were no more causes to be heard A great honour to the Iudge and a great happinesse to the people The like honour and happinesse I shall euer pray may once happen in your Lordships dayes that so conscience preuailing wrangling suites may haue an end And heerewith continuing my prayers also for your Lordships prosperitie together with the peace of a good conscience I humbly take my leaue Your Honours deuoted in all seruice HENRIE MASON THE TRIBVNALL OF THE CONSCIENCE OR A Treatise of Examination Shewing why and how a Christian should examine his conscience and take an account of his life IN the Historie of the Creation it is said that at the daies end GOD looked vpon the worke that hee had made and hee (a) Gen. 1.4 10 12 18 21 25. saw that it was good and at the end of the weeke taking a view of all his workes together (b) Gen. 1.31 he saw euery thing that hee had made and behold it was very good Which sheweth that after God had done his workes hee did reflect vpon them and considered the quality and the condition of them In imitation heereof or in conformity hereunto wise men doe wish vs that at euery dayes end wee should reflect vpon our works and take a view of what we haue done that day and at the weekes end take account of all our doings for that space of time and so further as further occasion shall require And this Enquirie or account-taking of our workes they call the Examination of our soules or conscience And surely if wee did obserue this rule still to reflect vpon our selues after our workes are done though we could not finde them to be like vnto Gods workes good and very good nay we should rather finde thē naught very naught yet by this viewing and searching into our workes if it bee rightly and diligently performed we may without all doubt make our workes much better than they are In regard whereof I haue assaied whether by my poore labours this way I may propound something to the Christian Reader that may incite him to vndertake this worke willingly or that may direct him how to performe it aright and to the profit and spirituall good of his soule And for this purpose I haue thought these six Points worthy of consideration 1. What generall Inducements there are that may animate a Christian to vndertake the search and practice of this worke 2. Wherein the performance of this worke doth consist and what actions or performances it doth include and containe 3. What the Matter is about which Examination is to be exercised 4. In what Manner and order it may and ought to be performed 5. What be the Times in which it is most fit to be vsed 6. What fruit or spirituall good a man may get by this Exercise when it is rightly and carefully performed CHAP. I. What generall inducements there are that may animate a Christian to goe about and vndertake this worke NO man vndertaketh any worke but in hope of some good to be gotten by it For Omnis actie est propter finem All actions say Philosophers are for some end and finis et bonum conuertuntur that which a man propoundeth to himselfe for his end is the good which hee hopeth to gaine This is generally true in all actions of any value but most especially in such as be either difficult or distastfull to our nature for men are hardly drawne to vndergoe such but vpon good hopes that may recompence their labours but without some reasonable inducements no man would euer yeeld to take paines in difficult businesses And vpon this consideration being about an exercise that is somewhat laborious in it selfe and very
qui peccatorum suorum memoriam exuunt Chr. hom 2. in psal 50. pag. 1003. D. were vsed to forget their vertues and remember their sinnes not as men now a daies saith he doe vse to doe who put their sinnes out of their remembrance And heereupon he aduiseth vs not long after in the same Sermon (c) Annon codicē domi habes in quo quotidianas rationes scribas Habe item codicem in conscientia et quotidiana peccata scribe c. Chrysost ibid p. 1004. D. Hast thou not a Booke in thine house saith he wherein thou writest thy daily accounts Haue also a like booke in thy conscience and write therein thy daily transgressions I meane saith he when thou layest thee downe vpon thy bed bring forth thy booke and take an account of thy sinnes And to like purpose speake many others as may further be seene in the next rule following 3. The time which learned and wise men haue allotted for this worke is especially in the euening or at night because that time is a time of vacation and leisure For in the day time wee haue our trades to follow and our markets to make and our Law-suites to attend on and our friends to talke with and our families to prouide for and one businesse or other will euer be comming in the way and interrupt vs but the night is a time of priuatenes and retirednesse when occasions of the world being ouerpassed we haue the more freedome to conferre with our soules To this purpose it is that Dauid tooke the night time to meditate in (a) Psal 119.55 I haue remembred thy name O Lord in the night and haue kept thy Law And that time he tooke to lament his sinnes (b) Psal 6.6 Euerie night saith he I make my bed to swimme and water my couch with my teares And that time he tooke also to examine his soule in (c) Psal 77.6 I call to remembrance my song in the night I comune with mine own heart c. And that time he biddeth vs also take for the like purpose (d) Psal 4.4 Commune with your owne heart vpon your bed and be still Vpon which words of the Prophet we haue this note giuen vs by St. Chrysostom (e) Post coenom inquit quande ilis dormilum quande estis decubituri et nullo praesonte multae quies et silentiū et nen ine interturbante profunda tranquillitas excita iudicium conscientiae Quande neque amicus interturbat nec famulus irritat nec turba negotiorum vrget tunc vitae interdiu astae rationē exigite Chryso Expos in Psal 4.4 pag. 26. C D. What meaneth this saith hee that he saith Commune with your bearts vpon your beds c. And he answereth It is this After supper time when ye are going to sleepe and are ready to lye downe on bed and haue great quietnesse and silence without the presence or disturbance of any then erect a Tribunall for the conscience And a little after When neither friend doth disturbe thee nor seruants prouoke thee nor multitude of businesses doth presse thee then take account of thy life what thou hast done in the day time before And the same Father in another place (f) Quū in lecte tuo iaces nec quisquam est quā tibi negotium facessas antequam somnus irrepat libellum in mediū produc et peccatae tua teeum reputa dicens apud teipsum Numquid hodier no die vel sermone vel opere peecaui Chrysost Hom. 2. in Psal 50. pag. 1004 1005. When thou laiest thee downe vpon thy bed and no man is by to disturbe thee before sleepe come on bring forth the booke of thy conscience and recount thy sinnes with thy selfe saying to thy selfe HAVE I THIS DAY OFFENDED IN WORD OR DEEDE He addeth (g) Viurne tempore id faciend◠spacium non habes verum et Praesectorum metus et sodalium collequia at negatiorum eura et alendae prolis fludium et vxoris procuratio as parandae mensae sollicitucle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Idem Ibid. pag. 1005. In the day thou hast not time for this worke but feare of Superiors conference with friends and care of businesses and forecasting for education of children and prouision for wife and preparation for diet and a thousand things beside doe distract thee And to like purpose S. Basil (a) Complete iam die ommique opere cùm corporis tum spiritus etiam absoluto 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Basil to 2. de Instit Monarc in fine pag. 396. C. When the day saith he is ended and businesses are past before rest or sleepe it is expedient that euery mans conscience should be iudged of his owne heart c. And Dorotheus saith (b) Docuerunt nos saepe patres nostri qúe pacto purgemus nosipsos per fingulos dies vt scilicet in vesperam perscrutemur nobiscum quomedo transactam diem exegerimus et rursum manè quomodo noctē c. Doroth. to 1. Biblio Patrū edit Graecol Doctrina 11. pag. 814. that it was a rule from their forefathers how men ought to cleanse themselues that in the euening they should question themselues how they had passed the day and againe in the morning how they had passed the night And Bernard (c) Sedeat iudicaus iustitia stet rea et seipsum accusans conscientia Neme te plus deligit neme te fideliùs iudicabit Manè praeteritae noctis fac a teipso exactionem et venturae diei tu tibi indicito cautionem Vespere diei praeteritae rationemexige et superuenientis noctis fac indictionem Bernard de vita solitar ad fratres de Monte Dei pag. 1029. D. Let iustice sit and iudge let the conscience stand impleaded and accusing it selfe No man loueth thee more nor no man will iudge thee better In the morning exact an account of the night past and impose vpon thy selfe watchfulnesse for the day to come In the euening require a reckoning of the day past and lay an iniunction for the night comming And in like manner speake other spirituall Masters who vndertake to prescribe rules of a religious life whereby it may be seene how they doe generally agree vpon it as a receiued Principle that euery night men should take accounts and examine themselues for the day past but in the two last authorities we may further note that besides the accounting at night for the day past they require also a reckoning each morning for the former night And surely that is not to no purpose for euen in the night reserued for rest there do many times passe thoughts affections purposes yea and some actions also which as they doe well deserue censure so may easily be forgotten if they be deferred till multitude of businesses the day following haue bred a confusion in the memorie 4. It is a very fit time for this worke when we haue beene about some important businesse
behinde his backe and such a time when I was in praying to my God my heart was wandring about the vanities of the world or my selfe fell asleepe while God was admonishing me of things belonging to my soule and many times in one day I haue sinned against God by vniust dealing with my neighbour One I deceiued by a lye and another by vnsound commodities and a third by counterfeit and base money and a fourth by faire promises and protestations which I neuer meant to performe And an hundred other such sinnes as these wee might discouer in our selues within a short time if wee did take accounts of our selues at conuenient times And if our sinnes were once in this sort set before our face they would make vs tremble for feare and blush for shame and giue no rest to our heads nor slumber to our eyes till by sorrow and repentance we had made our peace with our God 2. Examination rightly performed Reason 2 will bee a meanes to leade vs to repentance because it vvill shew vs with what patience and long-suffering God hath borne with vs and in what desperate case our soules stood but that God in mercy spared vs beyond our deseruing For it will appeare that he might haue stricken vs dead many a time while we were prouoking him by our sins For example while we were drunke and could not speake a ready word or while we were satisfying our vncleane lusts in the Harlots bed or while we were abusing Gods name by prophane oathes and execrations or while we were taking a bribe to peruert Iustice or while wee were telling a lye to vndermine our neighbours then and at such an instant God might haue cut vs off and haue drawne vs to the Iudgement with a harlot in our armes or a blasphemous oath in our mouthes or a bribe of oppression in our hands or a murderous and malicious thought in our hearts and if then God had taken vs away as he tooke away (a) 1 King 16.9 Elah in his drunkennesse and (b) Dan. 5.2 3 c. with ver 30. Belshazzar in his prophanenesse and (c) Act. 12.21 22 23. Herod in his haughtinesse and (d) Num. 25.6 7 8. Zimri and Cosbi in their vncleanenesse c. Lord what might haue become of my poore soule Or what could I haue expected but to haue dyed in sinne without repentance and to haue liued euer after in torment without hope But he hath spared me and it is his mercy thus by his patience to bring me to repentance that I might be saued Now what Christian heart would not tremble to thinke what great danger he hath escaped and would not melt into teares to remeÌ„ber what great merey he hath receiued And what soule would not be moued hereby to hasten his repentance either that hee might preuent all such danger heereafter to himselfe or that he might shew a thankfull heart to God that hath spared him in such manner And in this sort will Examination leade vs to repentance and amendment if we vse it diligently and in due order And that is the first vse for which this worke doth serue II. Secondly Examination a meanes to preuent sinne 1. Reason it will be a good meanes to preuent future sinnes and that in two respects also 1. Reason 1 Because the finding out of our former errors and the sinnes that be past will lay before our eyes our speciall infirmities and will make vs see both the corruptions that cleaue closest vnto vs and the tentations that oftenest preuaile with vs. For if the accounts bee diligently made one will finde that hee is soonest ouercome with pride and another that he is oftenest taken with lust and another with vaine-glory and another with reuengefull thoughts and euery one with somewhat to which hee is inclined by nature or custome or to which hee is allured by ill companie and daily tentations or to which he is forced by threatnings or feare of offending And when once we see how we were mis-led and what it was that deceiued or ouercame vs we shall hereby learne how to discouer the danger and how to arme our selues against the assault and how to handle our weapons when occasion shall require euery former error will make vs more wise and more warie against the next onset For as among men hee that findeth himselfe to haue beene deceiued with faire words will neuer trust that partie any more and as hee that hath beene coozened by counterfeit wares will learne by that error to iudge better of the like commodities for afterward so in the case of our soules a wise Christian by euery errour that he hath committed and discouered will learne more wisdome to preuent the like danger 2. Examination will bee a meanes to preuent sinne Reason 2 because hauing humbled vs with sorrow it will make vs afraid of the like smart and resolute to stand out against all tentations For we vsually say that the childe that hath beene once burned in the flame will feare to come neere the fire any more and so when by discussing our conscience wee haue learned to condemne our selues as wrete hed caitifes vnworthy of any mercy the smaâ—â— of that which is past will make vs afraid to come 〈◊〉 the like danger for ener after Nor will any men be so prone to offend if hee know that once within 24 houres he most come to correction and be censured by the iust sentence of his owne conscience So St. Chrysostem (a) Anima hesternum verita â—udicium ne candem rursus subeat sententiam et torqueatur et flagelletur reddetur ad peccatum tardior Chrysost in Psal 4. pag. 27. C. The soule saith hee being afraid of the sentence that passed on him the day before will bee more slow to offend lest he doe againe incurre the same censure and be lashed and beaten as before he was And S. Ambrose (a) Dum dolemus admissa admittenda excludimus et fit quaedam de condemnatione culpae disciplina innocentiae Ambros tom 4. de Poenit lib. 2. cap. 10. pag. 413. While we bewaile sinnes past we exclude sinnes to come and the censuring of our euill doings is a disciplinating of vs to innocencie of life And Seneca bending himselfe against the vice of immoderate anger for the moderating or rather abolishing of it thinketh this worke of Examination in which we passe censure vpon our selues will be most effectuall For (b) Desinet ira et erit moderatior quae seiet sibi quâ—tidie ad Iudicem esse veniondum Seneca de Ira lib. 3. cap. 36. p. 599. Anger saith he will cease and become more coole when it knoweth it must come euery day before a Iudge that wil not spare it But surely no man will either shame himselfe euery day before God and his owne conscience nor iudge and condemne himselfe for his misdoings vnlesse he both meane to amend them and finde some sweetnesse and