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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42331	The Paschal or Lent-Fast, apostolical & perpetual at first deliver'd in a sermon preached before His Majesty in Lent and since enlarged : wherein the judgment of antiquity is laid down : with an appendix containing an answer to the late printed objections of the Presbyterians against the fast of Lent / by Peter Gunning ...	Gunning, Peter, 1614-1684.	1662 (1662)	Wing G2236; ESTC R5920	244,843	370

the Lord would have shewn forth unto all men ought on that day to be preached and all the people ought earnestly to ask of God the pardon of their sins that being cleansed through the compunction of repentance they may attain to receive the venerable day of the Lords Resurrection having their sins remitted and being clean from sin may receive the Sacrament of his Body and Bloud Some on the same day of the Passion of the Lord break off their fasts at 3. a clock in the Afternoon and betake themselves to entertainments or banquets and while the sun it self on that day being hid withdrew its light and the Elements being troubled shewed forth the sadness of the whole world they prophane the fasts of so great a day and serve themselves with feasting For asmuch then as the universal Church keeps that whole day in sadness and abstinence for the Passion of the Lord whosoever on that day except little children old men and the sick shall break the fast before the supplications for pardon are finished let him be debarr'd from the Paschal joy and not receive therein the Sacrament of the body and bloud of the Lord who did not honour the day of his Passion with fasting On all the foresaid daies of Lent it is behooveful that we should give our selves unto weeping and fasting and cover our body with sack cloth and ashes and cast down our soul with sorrow until the time of Christs Resurrection be come when first we must sing Hallelujah with joy and change our sadness into rejoycing for that the consent of the Universal Church hath strengthened this observance He saith only strengthened by the consent of the universal Church which doth not denote the first beginning The fourth Record of this Age is the 8 th COUNCEL of TOLEDO held 20. years after that former chap. the 9 th Detecta est Ingluvies horrenda voracium quorundam quae dum ●…raeno parsimoniae non astringitur RELIGIONI CONTRAIRE MONSTRETUR Dicente enim Scripturâ Qui spernit minima paulatim decidit Illi tantâ edacitatis improbitate grassantur ut COELESTIA ET PAENE SUMMA contemnere videantur etenim cum Quadragesimae dies anni totius decimae depu●…entur c. Illi verò quos aut aetas incurvat aut languor extenuat aut necessitas arctat c. A horrid gluttony of certain greedy persons is detected which while it suffers it self not to be held in by the bridle of parsimony is CONVINC'D TO BE OPPOSITE TO RELIGION For the Scripture saying He that despiseth little things shall fall by little and little these men by their so great improbity of gluttony make such outrage that they seem to contemn things Heavenly and almost of chief concernment For whereas the daies of Lent are recounted the tenth part of the whole year c. But as for such other whom either age doth bow or sickness consumes or necessity streightens such the Councel excuses A fifth and last Witness of this Century is IOANNES MOSCHUS IN PRATO SPIRITUALI c. 79. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 He had a servant named Pisticus which did communicate with the holy Catholick and Apostolick Church this Pisticus received the Communion as the custome of the countrey was to receive on that 5 th day of the week which is called the holy Fifth viz the Thursday of the holy week for so it seems in the language of the Catholick and Apostolick Church it was then call'd and held holy Now it came to pass after the holy Easter that Pisticus c. In the seventh Century which is the last I shall now travel through VENERABLE BEDE our Countrey-man offers himself the first Witness in his Homilia Aestivalis on Dominica Exaudi Sicut enim imminentibus solenniis Paschalibus Quadragesimam jejuniorum observantiâ celebravimuus sic eisdem peractis quinquagesimam non sine certâ causà mysterii fes●…â devotione agimus Utramque sanè hanc solennitatem scilicet Quadragesimae Quinquagesimae NON QUORUMLIBET HOMINUM SED IPSIUS DOMINI AC SALVATORIS NOSTRI patriam nobis sanxit autoritas As in the approaching of the Paschal solemnities we celebrated a Lent with the observance of Fastings so those being finished we observe a 50. daies solemnity with Festival devotion not without a ground of a certain mystery therein Indeed both these solemnities viz. the Quadragesima and Quinquagesima the 40. daies of Lent and the 50. daies following NOT THE AUTHORITY OF ANY MAN BUT OF THE LORD HIMSELF OUR SAVIOUR hath established for us to observe in this our countrey or city of God the Catholick Church The same Venerable Bede in his Comment on Matt. the 4 th and again in his first Homily of Lent layes down the same position here ensuing and the same also with S. Augustine and Isidore foregoing viz. the words of Bede also are these Quadragesima jejuniorum habet autoritatem ex Evangelio In quâ autem parte anni congruentiùs observatio Quadragesimae constitueretur nisi confini atque contiguâ Dominicae passionis The Fasts of Lent have their authority also from the Gospel In what part therefore of the year more agreeably might the observation of Lent be ordain'd then on that which is bordering upon and contiguous unto the Passion of the Lord And on Dominica Exaudi Dominus praedixit quia discipuli ipso secum conversante jejunare non possent ablato autem eo jejunarent ait illis Veniet autem dies cum auferetur ab eis sponsus tunc jejunabunt Constat profectò quia post ablationem ejus spontaneis sese subdidêre jejuniis The Lord foretold that his Disciples whilest he was conversant with them could not fast but should when he should be taken from them The daies will come when the Bridegroom shall be taken from them and then shall they fast It is evident indeed that after his taking from them they submitted themselves to willing fastings This I here alledge because Bede makes this practise of the Apostles the exemplification of some of the Churches following set annual-fasts In his Homily upon the Tuesday after Palm-sunday he thus speaks of the Parasceue which we call Good-Friday Cum accepisset acetum Dominus dixit Consummatum est hoc est sextae diei quod pro mundi refectione suscepi jam totum est opus expletum sabbato autem in sepulchro requiescens resurrectionis quae octavâ ventura erat expectabat adventum When the Lord had received on this 6 th day of the week before Easter the vinegar he said It is finished that is the whole work of the 6 th day which I have undertaken for the new creation of the world is now consummated Even as it appears in Genes the 1. that on the same 6 th day of the week wherein God made man at the first he finished all his works And on the Sabbath he rested in the grave waiting for the coming of his Resurrection which was to be the 8

th day An evidenter praeceptum in the new Testament we do not find for the 6 th or for the 8 th daies observation But the Church hath so interpreted for the one these words of my Text When the Bridegroom shall be taken from them then shall they fast a The Church in Tertullian l. d. jejuniis see above p. 28. Epiphanius haeres 75. see above p. 48. And for the other the 8 th or Lords day that of 118. Psalm This is the day which the Lord hath made b S. Athanafius l. d. sabbat circumcisione 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and that of Apoc. 1. 10. I may conclude the witness of Bede with what he concluded this Fast Hom. in Dominica Palmarum Ecce jejunium Quadrage simale Domino auxiliante jam plurimâ ex parte complevimus Testis est unicuique conscientia sua quia quanto districtiùs se sanctis his diebus Domino mancipásse meminit tanto ampliùs gaudens sanctum Dominicae R'surrectionis tempus expedat Quicunque ergò fratres dilectissimi continentiae armis accincti ab initio jam Quadragesimae cum tentatore superbo certare coeperunt videant cautè ne coepta deserant priusquam hoste prostrato ministeriis donentur Angelicis Behold we have now through the help of God finished for the most part this Fast of Lent every mans conscience bears him witness that by how much more strictly he remembers that he hath humbled himself before the Lord on these Holy Daies with so much the more joy he expects the holy time of the Lords Resurrection Whosoever therefore of you my most beloved Brethren have now from the beginning of Lent being fortify'd with the armour of abstinence encountred the proud tempter let them now take good heed that they forsake not what they have enterpris'd till having vanquisht the enemy Angels come and minister unto them alluding to that ministery unto Christ Mat. 4. 11. Our second Author in this Age is THEODULPHUS Bishop of Orleans part afterwards of the Councel of Franckford in his Epistle to the Priests n. 37. Ipsa autem Quadragesima cum summa observatione custodiri debet ut jejunium in eâ praeter dies Dominicos qui Abstinentiae substracti sunt nullatenùs resolvatur Nulla in his occasio sit resolvendi jejunii quia alio tempore solet jejunium charitatis causâ dissolvi isto verò nullatenùs debet Quia in alio jejunare in voluntate arbitrio cujuslibet positum est in HOC VERO NON IEIUNARE PRAECEPTUM DEI TRANSCENDERE EST in alio tempore jejunare praemium abstine●…i acquirere est in hoc verò praeter insirmos ac parvulos quisquis non jejunaverit poenam sibi acquirit QUIA EOSDEM DIES DOMINUS per Mosen p●…r Eliam ET PER SEMETIPSUM sacro jejunio consecravit The Lent-fast it self ought to be kept with all observance that therein except the Lords daies which are substracted from fastings the Fast be in no wise broken Let no occasion be taken of violating this Fast for that at other times our fast is wont to be dissolv'd upon occasion of charity a Or kindness of reception but in Lent it ought not so to be wont Because at other times to fast is committed to every ones will and choice but in this time not to fast IS TO TRANSGRESS THE PRECEPT OF GOD. At other times to fast acquires a reward to him who so abstains but at this time whoso fasts not except little ones or those which are infirm doth procure unto himself punishment because THE LORD both by Moses and by Elias AND BY HIMSELF hath consecrated those same daies to fasting Ibid. Qui nullatenùs jejunare credendi sunt si antè manducaverint antequam vespertinum celebretur ossicium Abstinens vero in his diebus omnium deliciarum esse debet Whoso eateth before the evening-office be celebrated is not to be deemed to have fasted In these daies we ought to abstain from all delights The third Witness of this Century shall be IOANNES DAMASCENUS lib. de Haeresibus concerning the Aërians or Eustachians Aëriani ab Aërio Pontico fuit autem sacerdos Eustachii Episcopi Ariani silius jejunium feriâ quartâ sextâ ET 40 DIEBUS SERVARI pascha celebrari prohibet Stata haec damnat omnia Quod siquis jejunium servare velit id ab eo certis statisque diebus servari negat opor●…ere sed quando volet Negat enim se legi teneri negat etiam quicquam inter Presbyterum Episcopu●… interesse The Aerians are so called from Aërius Ponticus he was a Priest the son of Eustachius an Arrian Bishop who forbids the observation of the fasts of the 4 th and 6 th daies of the week and that OF THE 40. DAIES and the celebration of Easter All these set fasts or feasts he condemns If so be any one will keep a fast he denies that that ought to be done by him on any certain or set daies but when he will For he denies that he is bound by a Law in that matter he denieth also that there is any difference betwixt a Presbyter and a Bishop Here he is enrolled in the black Catalogue of Hereticks and Heresie is alwaies against somewhat Apostolical who pertinaciously deny'd set Fasts and particularly this Fast of Lent If any shall think this severity peculiar to this Age and author of the Greek School beginning let him consider beside what I have produc'd above from Epiphanius and S. Augustine the catalogue of Hereticks made also by Philastrius Bishop of Brixia about the year of Christ 380 De Paschalis Festi hae●…esi Asserentes 14 â lunâ celebrandum esse Pascha non sicut Ecclesia Catholica celebrat Et cum hoc faciunt diem non dominicum semper custodiunt Paschae non computantes horas dies dies viz. praecedentes Et ex hoc errore non cognoscunt diem Paschae Domini nostri VERAM ET SALUTAREM UNAM ORBI TERRARUM STATUTAM ET CONFIRMATAM A DOMINO He reckons certain Hereticks who affirmed that Easter was to be celebrated not as the Catholick Church celebrates it Not alwaies observing the Easter on the Lords day not computing the hours and daies viz. preceding Easter which are the daies we speak of And from this errour they are ignorant of the true and salutary only day of Easter APPOINTED FOR THE WHOLE WORLD AND CONFIRMED OF THE LORD The fourth Record of this Age is the MAGNUS CANON ANDREAE ARCHIEPISCOPI CRETENSIS for which as the Triodium of the Greek Church doth witness there was appointed a peculiar solemnity on the 5 th day of the 5 th week in Lent the history whereof is this Andreas Hierosolymi●…anus who in the end of the foregoing Century was sent by Theodore Patriarch of Ierusalem to assist in the 6 th General Councel became afterwards in this Century the renowned Metropolitan of Crete and compos'd a holy office which in this Century