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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A08347	The gunner shevving the vvhole practise of artillerie: vvith all the appurtenances therevnto belonging. Together with the making of extra-ordinary artificiall fireworkes, as well for pleasure and triumphes, as for warre and seruice. VVritten by Robert Norton, one of his Maiesties gunners and enginiers.	Norton, Robert, d. 1635.; Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598, engraver.	1628 (1628)	STC 18673; ESTC S115254	149,353	214

are vsuall wound and is a pleasing inuention being inuironed with Bandrolls of Rockets with a continued ranke But yet the halfe of them being turned with their heads the contrary way when the other halfe haue spent themselues Then by a secret Match on purpose they are fired and sodainly the motion will be made contrary to the former the last of the first halfe being spent it giuing Fire to the first of the latter halfe which immediatly workketh its effect The Frame B is a Castle with 4 Towers and 4 Curtins and a Caualariae or domineering Turret in the midst The structure thereof is with a thicke planke or two ioyned well together of the bignesse of the plane or foundation of the bottome of the Castle making a great hole in the midst into with the top of the Perch which beareth all the Frame is to enter The Towers are to be turned of good and strong Timber about which a number of auger holes and gutters are to be made to put to Breakers and Pettards and to carie Traynes betweene to fire the Worke in order in the midst of each Tower a slowe Match is first fired aloft or an earthen pype filld with sure and slowe receipt one Tower receiuing fire from another vntill all bee spent The Curtins also giuing seuerall rounds of Cane Cannons which being well Armed and loaded will yeeld a good report there may be placed Runners that shall fire each other and passe from Tower to Tower and Flyers whose Rods may be let downe through the Plankes the Roofes of the Towers shall haue Turrets arched and Vanes vpon them with flagge and flagge-staffe The figures C and D is formed as Cilinder Granado made of turned Timber as bigge as you will with a hollow Concaue Cillinder in the midst from end to end That a Match or slowe receipt may orderly fire the Rockets and Cannons entered into the hole And if you would issue a quantity of Flyers aloft at once to spread and flye euery way place them declining somwhat that way you would haue each flye when fire shall be giuen So shall you with a small care and handinesse giue great variety of content to the spectators to your commendations Tract 3. cap. 19. et 20. ct 2 i. ct 25. Tract 3. Cap. 28. Tract 3. Cap. 30. CHAP. LXXVII How to make flying Dragons and Rockets that will runne vpon a Lyne and returne againe and of Nocturnall Combates in Fire-workes THe burning flying Draggon is somewhat busie in the contriuing Structure and Compositions thereof and he must be his Arts-Master that can performe the same well Although perfection be not required therein we will shew the easiest manner of Framing and Arming them and putting them in practise furnishing each of them with one or two Mayne Rocket of a pound or two of Receipt for that grandure as afore-said according to the way and waight thereof which must passethrough the bore threof hauing a sparkling starry flaming Receipt to burne in the Draggons mouth that being fired when the vent at the Tayle is fired may make the Draggon seeme to breath Fire forwards and voyde Fire backwards also The body thereof being all ouer furnished with ordetly Tyres of Breakers that at last shall breake and consume all the body thereof which being framed with Ribs of dry light wood or Whale bone or Crooked Lane Plates and couered either with Paper or Muscouie Glasse coloured like to a Draggon may so represent that creature in shape these are to haue either a voyde Cane or else certaine swiules for a lyne freely to enter into that ballasted it may almost equipoyzedly hang and be yare to runnevpon a lyne Now at great Tryumphes two of these Draggons may bee made to moue oppositely vnto the midst of the lyne whereas a Globe with Sunne Moone Staries Clouds may appeare liuely represented as in the 24 Figure at γ is shewed The line may be made either of Iron or Brasse Wyre or of Whipcord annoynted with Sope or such like incombustible matter These Draggons and Globes may be framed with Arches and Circles of thinn Latten fastned with small lynes vntill the Body thereof bee framed to your minde And then set vp her wings as she were flying somewhat shaking with small Rackets in them Also in the same Figure is a double Rocket coyned with a vacant Cane they are placed ones head to the others vent to the end that when the first hath caried the other to the end of the lyne the other may take fire and returne to the place where it first began his Motion Also it will be a pleasant spectacle to behold to see two men issue forth at contry places armed with small Trunks or Staues and Targets furnished with Artificiall Fireworkes which putting themselues amongst the People shall Combat together in Fire The Targets being of Plankes may spyrally haue Fires of Breakers and Rockets And the Trunkes and Staues furnished with Cane Armed Rockets Pettards no bigger then a quill and Armed loaded Nutshell Or in stead of Staues or Trunkes they may haue woodden dulled Swords or Curtlaces furnished with Fireworkes which will be a pleasant fight CHAP. LXXVIII How Artificiall Fireballs and Granadoes are to be formed and loaded with their mixtures FIreballs and Granadoes are vpon all occasions very offensiue to the Enemie to vexe and trouble them in their Armie or besieged in their Hods or Houses Tents or Trenches Bulwarkes and Defences They may bee made round many wayes according to their Calibre resolued First take strong Canuas and cut out 2 Circles ⅓ greater or more in dyamitre then the Calibre and hauing turned in the edges of their Peripheries sowe them strongly with Needle and Thrid round about onely leauing a little hole vntill you haue thereby loaded the Receipt ramming it in very hard and working it Globally Or else cutting the Canuas into 8 quarters as appeareth at P in the 27 Figure α or into 4 quarters with the Compasses as Footballs with crosse quarters Otherwise some cut them into 12 panes as the Globes are cauted in their couering papers but by their too many seames they become tedious and subiect often to open If you meane to shoote them out of a Mortar or other Peece you must haue a respect vnto the bore of the Chase that lopded and armed and coated it may neere fill the Concaue Cilli●der And if you intend to make Balls to sticke and Fire commonly Hedgehogges you hauing sleight filled your Ball vnto a Marke must take two crosse sharpe barbed poynted hardned or steeled Irons that must be put in to the Ball to appeare through on each side as at 4 therein is represented Or loading it with Cannon Chambers and Shot as at C. These may be prymed and fired before they be put in to the Peece The Figure A representeth inuention of a Lanthorne or case that with a pryming Pype firing a quick Receipt at a time lunted will breake and blow vp and teare all

THE GVNNER SHEVVING THE VVHOLE PRACTISE OF ARTILLERIE With all the Appurtenances therevnto belonging Together with the making of Extraordinary Artificiall Fireworkes as well for Pleasure and Triumphes as for Warre and Seruice VVritten by ROBERT NORTON one of his Maiesties Gunners and Enginiers LONDON Printed by A. M. for HVMPHREY ROBINSON and are to be sold at the three Pidgeons in Paules-Churchyard 1628. TO THE EMPERIALL MAIESTIE OF GREAT BRITTAINE FRANCE AND IRELAND KING CHARLES ALmighty GOD hauing made your Maiesty Soueraigne ouer many strong Nations naturally Martiall and Artificially exercised in Armes Yet if they want Discipline though many they are but few and though else strong yet therefore weake Your mighty Kingdomes also being strongly situated by Nature Intrenched about with a broade Dike the Seas Pallisadoed with Rockes and Sands Sentinelled with strange setting Tydes of Ebbes and Floods Defended by frequent Stormes and Tempests highly Inritched with Fertillity of Nature Furnished plentiously with all manner of Matterialls fitting the felicity of Mans life vpon Earth both for time of Peace and Warre So that nothing can seeme to bee more wished for if Industery bee vsed but especially if Correspondency bee found in a good and due temper betweene the Head and the Members as perfect Obedience and Seruice from the Members to the Head and entire loue and care from the Head to the Members for their good and safety Gunnes your Maiesty hath but want Gunners because they want Respect and Encouragement let Occasions be ruled with Reason VVarrs managed with Discipline Iudgement and Pollicie Let stubborne Offendors be punished Deseruing Men preferred Eminent Places not granted for Fauour to insufficient Men or Strangers hauing honest Subiects farre more able to performe the Seruice So we shall all make Holiday to serue our God obey our King and enioy Gods blessings bestowed vpon vs euery Man Eating his Grapes vnder his owne Vine without feare of forraigne Enemies To conclude then nothing can be wanting Men Money Meanes nor Prosperity when the God of Order hath setled such a congruity Now that your Maiesty may the better be prouided hereafter of vnderstanding Gunners to manage your Artillery the powerfull Regent of moderne VVarre I haue endeuored in this Practice of Artillery to supply their wants the best I can not doubting but in short time it may worke good effect therein If your Maiesty will be gratiously pleased to countenance these few Lines vnder your Royall Patronage My wrongs and discouragements hath hitherto hindred the publication hereof VVhich if your Maiestie would be pleased to referre to be examined and relieued accordingly It will then appeare I had cause to speake And I should be againe encouraged for greater and further Seruices hereafter So most humbly crauing pardon for my boldnesse prostrating my selfe at your Sacred Feete as by Oath and Duty bound will euer remaine Your most Faithfull and Loyall Subiect and Seruant ROBERT NORTON To Mr. Robert Norton and his Practise of Artillery VVHen first I knew the difference of Time and seuerall Climates of the Worlds round Globe I then thought Artists fittest Men to clime to Honor and to weare the Golden Roabe But now these Times doe differ from that Time Strangers respected are By Courtiers crime Then when I knew the Seas my whole delight was how to trimme a Shippe prepar'd for Warre But all was vaine till Gunners Skill and Might with practiz'd Forces all excells so farre Let Sea-men Land-men all Men truly know That Gunners Art 's of Substance not of Show The Land-man he most boldly makes Approach with Horse and Foote with Sword and Shield and Speare But all were vayne he neuer could encroach if Gunnes and Gunners should be wanting there Therefore such Artists sure t' were best to cherish And expert Gunnered Engeneers to nourish For proofe whereof let euery Artist view why such Men should not to preferment mount Peruse this Booke its Lynes and Fgures true so may he finde the difference of Account Twixt th' English and the Dutch Norton and Borre Then giue our owne their due without demor Moratur in lege But Norton I haue been something to bold to Paraphrase vpon thy Worth and Quality Because I want sufficient to vnfold them and th'Ingenious Workes reality Let this suffice thy praise will shew it selfe It 's worth the Golden-Fleece the Indian Pelfe Captaine Iohn Butler A Due to the Author his Worke and Worth SInce mongst all Nations Warre it selfe doth showe It behooues Man Warres Weapons for to know Who here may learne the Gunners ayming Arts Which thy free industry to all imparts The fittest subiect now it is by farre At these times when such Rumors are of Warre And filles the Eares and Courages awake Goe on then and to Thee this glory take That he that reades these things which thou dost write May know a Gunners part though he nere fight And know Warres chiefest Engines vse and strength In Bore Cilinder Axis and in Length In Touch-hole Carriage Wadd in Shot and Charge Of Fire-workes in briefe thou speakst at large French Spanish Dutch Italian vaile your Cappes To Nortons skill in Mars his Thunder-claps Iohn Rudstone a Louer of the Artes Mathematicall Theorick and Practick To his good Friend Master Robert Norton on his Practise of Artillery I Told you Friend before your Booke I 'de write But not Idolatrize with Poetick spright Doing our loues much wrong in little right The Times necessity and each Studious minde Will make it prayse it selfe which you shall finde By'ts oft impression th' Art being here refinde Yet iustly I confesse I haue been showne Bookes that sell well yet not for what 's their owne But for Commendators before them knowne And this integrity Commands me say That to the Trueth thou shewst the rightest way For Young Artists and here the Old may stay For here th' are satissied with small dispence Of Purse or Braines of Skill the quintessence Drawne from the Antick Artists excellence I know rich Iewells may themselues commend Which be such Bookes that for the publique end With Iudgement written are So thine good Friend Richard Robinson In the due Honor of the Author Master Robert Norton and his Worke. PErfection if 't hath euer been attayned In Gunners Art this Author hath it gayned By Study and Experiences and he The Fruite of all his Paynes hath offered Thee A Present well befitting this our Age When all the World is but a Martiall Stage Let sweeter Studies lull a sleepe and please Men who presume security but these Thy Labors practizd shall more safely guard Those that foresee the Danger th' other bar'd This benefite Wee Soldiers doe imbrace This Rare and vsefull Worke and o're the face Of all the World let thy Fames Echo sound More then that roaring Engin and redound To th' Honor of our Nation that thy Paynes Transcends all former and their glory staines Captaine John Smith HVNGARIENSIS A Table of the Contents DEfinitions Page 1 Demands Page 2

direct line and BA and EP meete extended in F Therefore because the angles ACB and E and DCB and B are equall BF and CB will be paralells and also AC and EF and ACDF * 28.6 a parallelogram And the 12 PROPO 6. Three lines being giuen to finde a fourth proportionall And the 13 PROPO 6. Two right lines AB BC being giuen to finde a meane proportionall betweene them Set the two right lines giuen in one direct liue as AB BC vpon all that line AC describe the semicircle ADC and from B * 11.1 raise the perpendicular line BD and draw AD CD therefore ADC is a right angle being in a semicircle and BD the perpendicular maketh two triangles ABD and CBD * 8.6 equiangled and therefore proportionall Therefore BD is the meane proportionall And the 17 PROPO 6. If three right lines be proportionall as A to B sa B to C then that rectangle that is made of the extreames A and C shall be equall to that which is made of the Meane B. Because the meane proportionall B is twice put it will bee as in the 16. Pro. that 4 right lines about 4 right equall angles are * 1. Def. 6. 14.6 reciprocally proportionalls Therefore rectangled and equall and contrariwise being equally rectangled about right angles they haue their sides reciprocally proportionals viz. as A to B so is the same B to D which was to be shewed And the 25 PROPO 6. Any right lyned figure giuen a like and in like sort placed to make another equall to the giuen And lastly the 14. PROPO 11. To what planes soeuer ED and EF the same right line figure AB is right they are paralells If they be not Paralells being produced they will concurre to the parts C E and * 3.11 make the Section GH a right line in which any where take the point I and draw IA IB in the planes GCD and GEF And so when as AB is placed right to either it will bee the plane of the Triangle AIB the angles LAB and IAB would beright which are neuerthelesse * 17.1 lesser then right angles To measure inaccessible Heights Breadths and Distances and take a plat by my Cosmodelite with the description thereof VPon the semicircle vnder the Cosmodelyte there are two squares Geometricall each side of them being diuided into 120 equall parts and vpon the Centre of that Semicircle a Rule or Index with the two sights ouer or parallell vnto the fiduciall edge thereof As suppose I were to measure the distance from me to a Tree to doe which place the Semicircle so that the Index layd vpon the Dyametrall line may direct with the sight to the tree or marke then laying the Index vpon the Semidiametre that is perpendicular to the Dyametrall line and choose some marke of competent distance whereunto the sights dírect or els measure 20 or 100 yards paces or feet in that line and there set a marke and then leauing a marke where you first stood remone your instrument thither and by the Semidiametrall line looking backe to the first station or marke thereby you may place the Semicircle in the first position which done turne the Index vnto the Tree or Marke whose distance you are to measure and see what number of those 120 parts it cutteth then say by the Rule of 3 If 120 all the parts the parts cut as suppose it were 80. What shall 300 yards which I imagine was measured betweene the first and second Stations giue multiplying the third number 300 by 80 the second number produceth 8000 which diuiding by 120 the first number yeeldeth 66 yards 2 3 the distance so right To measure the breadth of a Breach LAy on the Index vpon the Dyametral line and turne that to one side of the Breach and the instrument remaining in that position note the number the Index will cut when it is turned with his sights to respect the other side of the Breach then goe forwards or backwards vntill you see the last side of the breach by some other number of parts letting a conuenient distance betweene the Stations and noting the difference of those parts and the distance of the Stations measured suppose 50 yards and the difference of parts to 20. Say by the rule of three if 120 all the parts giue 20 the parts cut by aspect of the Index what shall 50 yards giue multiplying 70 by 50 produceth 3500 which diuiding by 120 yeeldeth 20 yards and 〈◊〉 parts of a yard the breadth of the Breach sought A height is taken in the same manner onely reuersing the Plane of the Instrument perpendicular which before did lye Horizontally imitating the rest of the worke as aforesaid To measure the height of any Tower or other thing by the shadow is maketh the Sun shining TAke a staffe and place it perpendicularly neere the shadow you desire to measure marke the two shadowes of the Tower and of the Staffe then such as the shadow of the Staffe hath proportiō to the staffe such hath the shadow of the Tower to the Towers height Example Let vs suppose the length of the shadow of the staffe to be 12 hand-breadths and the shadow of the Tower to be 45 foote the staffe was 8 hand breadths Then say by the Rule of proportion if 12 giue 8 what shall 45 giue worke and yee shall haue 30 foote for the height of the Tower sought To measure the height of a Tower by a looking-glasse or the shadow thereof in a puddle of water SVppose there is a Tree or Tower whose height we desire to know Take a flat Mirror or Looking-glasse and lay it leuell or Horizontally vpon the ground some distance from the Tree or Tower and then goe backewards vntill in beholding in the Glasse you thereby see the top of the Tree or Tower your distance from the glasse hath proportion to the height of your eye such as the distance from the glasse vnto the poynt right vnder the top of the Tree or Tower is to the height of the said Tree or Tower As for example suppose the distance betweene the Glasse and the Tower were 48 foote and the distance betweene you and the Glasse be 4 foote and the height of your eye aboue the leuell of the glasse to be 6 foote say if 4 giue 6 what will 48 giue multiplying 48 by 6 produceth 288 which diuide by 4 giueat in the Quotient 72 for the height of the Tree or Tower sought To finde any distance height or breadth by resoluing the Triangle made by Stations and Markes Suppose that B C in the Triangle A B C be the height of a Tower and let it be required to finde the measure thereof and of the Hypothenusall lyne AB First measure the distance frō A to C supposed 40 paces then by the Cosmodelite or other instrument planted at A take the quantity of the angle BAC 30 degrees then by consequent the angle ABC