i. That for the right taking of our termination in shon we ar to mark the naturall foren deriuation verie carfullie as action passion reflexion pronuntiation all which sound like to our shon The deriuatiues of words ending in the qualifying e kepe their forevowells sound as bake baking take taking A number of such notes ar there in our tung which I cannot intend to dwell on bycause I shew but the waie herein to others if theie list to beat the path my self minding a further labor In these and such like considerations doth deriuation shew it self verie seruiceable for the right writing of our English tuÌ„g which will appear more particularlie in the generall table Cap. XXI Of Distinction THis title of distinction reacheth verie far bycause it conteineth all those characts and their vses which I called before signifying but not sounding which help verie much naie all in all to the right and tunable vttering of our words and sentences by help of those characts which we set down and se in writing The number of them be thirtene and their names be Comma Colon Period Parenthesis InterogatioÌ„ long time shorte time sharp accent flat accent streight acceÌ„t the seuerer the vniter the breaker Whose forces vses I will run thorow in order as theie ar named CoÌ„ma is a small crooked point which in writing followeth som small branch of the sentence in reading warneth vs to rest there and to help our breth a litle as Who so shall spare the rod shall spill the childe Colon is noted by two round points one aboue another which in writing followeth som full branch or half the sentence as Tho the daie be long yet at the last commeth euensong Period is a small round point which in writing followeth a perfit sentence and in reading warneth vs to rest there and to help our breth at full as The fear of God is the beginning of wisdom Parenthesis is expressed by two half circles which in writing enclose som perfit branch as not mere impertinent so not fullie concident to the sentence which it breaketh and in reading warneth vs that the words inclosed by them ar to be pronounced with a lower quikker voice then the words either before or after them as Bycause we ar not able to withstand the assalt of tentation such is the frailtie of our natur therefor we praie God that our infirmitie be not put to the hasard of that triall Interogation is expressed by two points one aboue another wherof the vpper is somtimes croked which both in writing reading teacheth vs that a question is asked there where it is set as Who taught the popiniaye to speak the bellie These fiue characts that I haue allredie named ar helps to our breathing the distinct vtterance of our speche not ruling within the word as al those do which follow but by the word therefor com here in note by cause theie ar creaturs to the pen distinctions to pronouÌ„c by therefor as theie ar to be set down with iudgement in writing so theie ar to be vsed with diligence in the right framing of the teÌ„der childes mouth The two next concern the time that is the long or short pronouncing of syllabs and ar not allwaie to be marked ouer that syllab whereon theie shew their force but with discretion vpon great cause for som manifest distinction which rule we haue of the Latins who vse their accents in that sort and truble not their writing therewith so much as the Grekes do much lesse so much as the Hebrewes The long time is expressed by a streight outright line which being set ouer anie vowell or diphthong telleth vs that the same vowell or diphthong must be pronounced long as repining perÅ«sing repÄ“nting The short time is expressed by an half circle opening vpward which standing aboue anie vowell or consonant signifieth that the same is to be pronounced short and quik as perfiting natÅrall periÅrie tormÄ•nter carpÄ•nter In the other fiue I gaue no further note then that theie were to be well markt euen for that theie were writen to such an end by cause the matter of their periods and branching whereof manie learned men haue writen hole treatises beloÌ„geth not to this place but onelie their form to the eie and their vse to the ear which tendeth to the qualifying of our voice For these two distinctions of time which shew their force in words of two or mo syllabs as the acceÌ„ts do in monosyl labs I haue at this time to giue onlie som certain rules gathered vpon the dubling of our consonants the qualifying e which qualifying e is a great leader in the certaining of our tung for manie vses but chefelie for the time My first rule is that a nuÌ„ber of our deriuatiues ar short in their last syllab saue one euen where the vowell cummeth befor two consonants whether the same or other as perfitnesse trauÄ•lling peuishnesse which argweeth that their simples be such in natur as we call trochees hauing the first syllab long and the latter short or rather pirrichies hauing both short perfit peuish trauÄ•ll record which differeth much froÌ„ recÅrding and recÅrder of recÅrde the spondè Again those primitiues which end in a quik diphthong do shorten the same dipthong in their deriuatiues as fÄ•llow follow hăllow fellowship follower hallowed whereas allow endow delaie enioy bring furth endewed allowance anoyance Again if the primitiue simple word haue the qualifying e in the end as the vowell before it is sharp and long so is it in the deriuatiue as prescribe prescribing endure enduring If the primitiue or simple word haue not e in the end the vowell before the last consonant is short quik in both the primitiue the deriuatiue as perfit perfiting fortun fortÅnat natur natÅrall onelesse the primitiues single ending consonant be dubled in the deriuatiue as concur concurring In which case either of dubling the same consonant or of position by diuerse the syllab is somtime loÌ„g as forbid forbidding transport transpÅrting somtime short as gospell gospÄ•ller coÌ„fort coÌ„forting This shortnesse or leÌ„gth of time in the deriuatiues is a great leader where to write or not to write the qualifying e in the end of simple words For who will write natur perfit measur treasur with an e in the end knowing their deriuatiues to be short natÅrall perfitlie measÅred treasÅrer who will not write procure endure allure endite requite with an e finding their deriuatiues procÅ«rer endÅ«rance allÅ«rement endÄ«ting requÄ«tall to haue the last saue one long whereby the vse of the qualifying e is more then most euident Whence also this generall rule for the writing thereof is to be gathered that if ye desire to know whether the qualifying e be to be writen in the end of anie word or no ye must vse the help of som deriuatiue whether of two or of mo
waie as the Elemētarie professeth it self in the course of learning and in trade of school to be the first best seasoner of the vntrained minde so ought parēt also for their ówn part both before during all the Elementarie time to prouide so at home as there be no ill liquor inconsideratlie powred into the grene cask which maie so corrupt it as it will either quite refuse the good Elementarie humor or vnwillinglie receiue it and not to such a good as it vseth for to work where the cask is not corrupt For if the yoūg eies be acquainted at home with vnsemelie sights if the tender ears be more then half trained to vncomlie hearings if the pliable minde be vnwiselie writhen to a disfigured shape if the hole conceit be vnaduisedlie stained with a contrarie dy how can that countenance be liked on in school whose contrarie fauor is most honored at home Those parēts therefor which will look for the best liquor in schools must not in anie case vse corrupt humor at home For that is most trew which is vttered by manie but most oraclelike by Plato cōcerning the strength of that iuyce which the young wits at first seasoned withall I will set down Platoes words first in Greke where theie be most pithie and then in English where theie shal be as plane 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Which is to saie in English that the beginning of euerie thing is of most moment chefelie to him that is young and tender bycause the stamp is then best fashioned and entreth deapest where with ye mean to mark him and the sequele will be such as the foretrain shall lead whether soeuer you march bycause naturallie the like still draweth on the like These words as theie ar wiselie vttered by the graue philosopher so ought theie to engraf both in parents and masters a depe inpression to obserue them as carefullie as theie be spoken trewlie This concordance betwene the parent at home and the teacher in school for the vertewous training vp of their litle young ones is in verie dede to bring them vnto Christ as we be bid in scriptur For what else is it I praie you for a childe to com to Christ or of what other force is it to be a Christian childe Sure not to be baptised onelie in the name of Christ but both for truth in relligion and matters of knowledge both for vertew in demeanor and matters of liuing to be brought vp so as he maie trewlie resemble him whose name he beareth faithfullie serue him whose conusance he carieth Hereby it semeth to me to be verie plane that a good Elementarie thus appointed as it seasoneth first and continueth longest so it doth both best CAP. VI. That this Elementarie maketh the childe most capable of most commendable qualities THose means make one capable of som further qualitie by whose helpe that partie which is to com by such a qualitie both conceiueth it quiker retaineth it faster and executeth it better Now those means be in vs either naturallie ingenerate or artificiallie emplanted and that so as theie shew themselues both in our bodies and mindes Concerning the naturall helps which by the verie inclination be wraie a minde made naturallie fit either to conceiue or to retain or to execute anie learned qualitie well and therefor the better bycause the more naturallie I haue spoken enough in the questiō of choice where I wish by the autoritie of the best writers that such wits onelie were set to learning as naturallie bear som fauor that waie Concerning such naturall properties as will discry a bodie fit for anie exercise either to kepe the bodie it self in helth in one that is no student or to assist the minde in all hir executions in one that is a student I haue said enough in my book of Positions where I handle exercise Neither is the question at this time of anie naturall inclination but of artificiall helps and those not for the bodie which point is for Gymnastik and exercise of the bodie but onelie for the minde tho wrought by the bodie which is for these principles and the Elementarie learning I saie therefor that these fiue principles reading writing drawing singing and playing which make this hole Elementarie besides exercise which is Elementarie to tho handled elswhere be the onelie artificiall means to make a minde capable of all the best qualities which ar to be engraffed in the minde tho to be executed by the bodie which best qualities be two vertew for behauior and knowledge for cūning Vnder the name of behauior I comprise all those qualities whose honor is in action as vnder the name of knowledge I imply all those whose soueraintie is in skill tho either of them both both know ear theie do do as theie know For vertew and the planting thereof it hath no cause to complain of this Elementarie which giueth precepts vnto children how to learn to do well and so preserueth vertew as much as direction can What furtherance else is to be had there vnto by practising that in dede which is commanded in word that is reserued also most earnestlie recommended euen by this Elementarie to all parents and teachers according vnto the distinction of that autoritie which theie haue ouer childern Doth not this Elementarie then make childern most capable of vertew in elder years for whose growing it is so carefull in their tender age both by precept and performance As for knowledge which tendeth directlie vnto cunning these fiue principles serue directlie therevnto For by them the minde is prepared and made fit to receiue and vnderstand all things which either natur doth bequeath vs or labor prouides for vs By reading we receiue what antiquitie hath left vs by writing we deliuer what posteritie craues of vs by both we find great ease in euerie occasion of our dailie vse By resembling with pencill what a spectable thing is there and subiect to the eie either brought furth by natur or set furth by art whose knowledge and vse we attain not vnto By the principle of musik besides the purchace of a noble science so certainlie platted by Arithmeticall precept as no one better so necessarie a step to further knowledge as no one more such a glasse wherein to behold both the beawtie of concord and the blots of dissension euen in a politik bodie as no one surer how manie helps and how great ease receiueth our naturall infirmitie either in care for comfort or in hope for courage Not here to tuch the skilfull handling of the rude voice nor the fine nimbling of the raw fingers things not to be refused where theie maie be well had and naturallie required where imperfection is to be perfited by them Againe doth not all our learning conceiued by the eie and vttered by the tung confesse the great benefit which it receiueth
were soundlie made yet was it not well armed with sufficient suretie against the festuring euill of error corruption Wherefor when it felt the want of such an assurance it praied aid of Art which like a beaten lawyer handled the matter so and with such a forecast in the penning of his books as euerie of them which had anie interest were taught to know what was their own Other tungs beside the first refined marking this currant applied the same to their own seuerall writing and were verie glad with great thanks to vse the benefit of those mens labor which wrastled with the difficulties of sound error corruption and the residew of that ill humored peple This originall president in the first and translated patern in the rest I mean to follow in the finding out of our right English writing which whether it will proue to be fashioned accordinglie and framed like the patern it shall then appear whē the thing it self shall com furth in hir own naturall hew tho in artificiall habit I haue not vsed anie autors name in this discourse either to confirm or to confute by credit of autoritie For anie man allmost of anie mean learning maie quiklie espy that these matters ar not without autors For can reason custō art sound error corruption and such other qualities as plaie their parts in this so ordinate a plat lak testimonie of writers being so much writen of But I did onelie seke to satisfie nede and to polish no further To conclude and knit vp the argument this method and this order vsed the first tung that euer was brought to anie right in writing by the help whereof vnder the direction of Art all those tungs which we now call learned ar com to that certaintie which we se them now in thorough precept and rule The same help will I vse in my particular method Which before I deall with I must examin two principall points in our tung whereof one is whether our tung haue stuf in it for art to bild on bycause I said that Art delt where she found matter sufficient for hir trauell The other is whether our writing be iustlie chalenged for those infirmities wherewith it is charged in this our time bycause I said that this period in our time semeth to be the perfitest period in our English tūg that our custom hath alredie beaten out his own rules redie for the method frame of Art Which two points ar necessarilie to be considered For if there be either no matter for Art in extreme cōfusion or if our custō be not yet ripe to be reduced vnto rule then that perfit period in our tung is not yet com I haue set vpon this argument while it is yet to grene Howbeit I hope it will not proue to timelie and therefor I will first shew that there is in our tung great and sufficient stuf for Art then that there is no such infirmitie in our writing as is pretended but that our custom is grown fit to receaue this artificiall frame and that by this method which I haue laid down without anie foren help and with those rules onelie which ar and maie be gathered out of our own ordinarie writing CAP. XIII That the English tung hath in it self sufficient matter to work her own artificiall direction for the right writing thereof IT must nedes be that our English tung hath matter enough in hir own writing which maie direct her own right if it be reduced to certain precept and rule of Art tho it haue not as yet bene thoroughlie perceaued The causes why it hath not as yet bene thoroughlie perceaued ar the hope despare of such as haue either thought vpon it and not dealt in it or that haue delt in it but not rightlie thought vpon it For som considering the great difficultie which theie found to be in the writing thereof euerie letter almost being deputed to manie and seuerall naie to manie and wellnigh contrarie sounds and vses euerie word almost either wanting letters for his necessarie sound or hauing some more then necessitie requireth began to despare in the midst of such a confusio euer to find out anie sure direction whereon to ground Art and to set it certain And what if either theie did not seke or did not know how to seke in right form of Art and the compòsing method But whether difficultie in the thing or infirmitie in the searchers gaue cause thereunto the parties them selues gaue ouer the thing as in a desperat case and by not medling thorough despare theie helped not the right Again som others bearing a good affection to their naturall tung and resolued to burst thorough the midst of all these difficulties which offered such resistēce as theie misliked the confusion wherewith the other were afraid so theie deuised a new mean wherein theie laid their hope to bring the thing about Wherevpon som of them being of great place and good learning set furth in print particular treatises of that argument with these their new conceaued means how we ought to write and so to write right But their good hope by reason of their strange mean had the same euent that the others despare had by their either misconceauing the thing at first or their diffidence at the last Wherein the parties them selues no dout deserue some praise and thanks to of vs and our cuntrie in both these extremities of hope and despare tho theie helped not the thing which theie went about but in common apparence did som what hinder it rather For both he that despared in the end took great pains before diffidence caused him giue ouer to despare and he that did hope by his own deuise to supply the generall wāt was not verie idle both in brain to deuise and in hand to deliuer the thing which he deuised Which their trauell in the thing and desire to do good deserue great thanks tho that waie which theie took did not take effect The causes why theie took not effect and thereby in part did hinder the thing by making of manie think the case more desperat then it was in dede bycause such fellowes did so faill were these Their despare which thought that the tung was vncapable of anie direction came of a wrong cause the falt rising in dede not of the thing which theie did cōdemn as altogether rude and vnrulie but of the parties them selues who mistook their waie For the thing it self will soon be ordered our custom is grown so orderable tho it require som diligence and good consideration in him that must find it out But when a writer taketh a wrong principle quite contrarie to common practis where triall must be tuch and practis must confirm the mean which he conceaueth is it anie maruell if the vse of a tung ouerthwart such a mean which is not conformable vnto it Herevpon proceded the despare to hit right bycause theie missed
else letter whereby we pronounce By this discription it appeareth that the rules which belong to right writing in this kinde be either generall to the tung or particular to the charact The former sort of the two do bak the latter like the generall notioÌ„s in Geometrie The latter ground the generall truth of their main reason vpon the former the particular credit of their own argumeÌ„t vpon theÌ„selues And yet theie both haue but that assuraÌ„ce in natur which reason custom and sound haue agreid vpon by consent and willed Art to set it down as a couenant of theirs The generall rules which be the main grouÌ„ds of the hole tuÌ„g be either known conclusions allredie handled and won or such consequents as follow them of necessitie as these be 1 That the bodie of ech letter and distinction is creatur to deuise and the vse thereof to our consent 2 That reason sound custo direct right writing ioyntlie ar not to be seuered in giuing the cause why words be so writen 3 That the right in writing is a thing to be fouÌ„d out in our vse as of acquaintaÌ„ce not to be forced in vpoÌ„ our vse as a stranger 4 That in reforming things of common practis the clearing of the old which is abused and not the breding of a new which is vntried is the naturall amendment 5 That in common executions the common fauor is the common furtherer 6 That euen by reasons leaue the verie pen and dispatch in writing will haue one ore in the right of writing serue it self with som priuat trik 7 That to haue the most well you must yeild to som particularities not of best reason 8 That no rule of Art can deall so but it must leaue manie particularities to dailie practis to be learned by oft vsing and such like obseruations which be common staies both for Art to direct by and the pen to write by The particular rule exami neth the force of all such characts as we vse in writing whereof there be two kindes the one signifying and sounding the other signifying but not sounding Those characts which signify but sound not ar certain notes which we vse in the writing of our English tuÌ„g for the qualifying of our words sentences in their pronouncing by that which is sene in the form of our writing which be in nuÌ„ber thirtene in name form these Coma Colon Period Parenthesis interrogation the longtime ¯ the short time ˘ the sharp accent the flat acceÌ„t the streight acceÌ„t the seuerer the vniter the breaker = I vse the foreÌ„ originall names in most of these bycause both the notes themselues be of a foren brede and theie be commonlie best known by their own cuntrie names I might darken more if I should deuise new names then by enfranchising of the foren a thing comon to all speches which vse the translate terms of anie Art Here it shal be sufficient onelie to shew their number names and form I will handle their force vse in the title of distinction wherevnto theie belong naturallie Those characts which both signify and sound be called letters concern both the substance and the deliuerie of our sounds and are considered either alone as a. b. c. or in combination as the diphthongs ai aw ou the coplemeÌ„ts with h. ch th gh the abbreuiations w c. y t. w t. of all these I will note somwhat in particular and first of the single letters whose names be familiar in our daielie vse their nuÌ„ber 24. their form either great or small great A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q R. S. T. V. W. X. Y. Z. small a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. s. e. t. v. u. w. x. y. z. In these letters there are to be considered their place and their form As for their place the great letters ar to begin full sentences as The kingdom of heauen is redie for the repentant And proper names as The cursed Cain killed the good Abell And to write numbers with where the letters be vsed in numbring as C. for an hundred L. for fiftie The small letters place is euerie where else besides these thré where the great ar to be writen Som of the small letters as s. and v. be of mo forms then one and somwhat different therefor in place The long s. serueth in all places which be capable of the lesse form sauing the verie last The other two litle ones s which is but coÌ„uert to the small writeÌ„ s no abbreuiatioÌ„ indede com onelie in the end of a word that vpoÌ„ such cause as shal be noted hereafter V. begins the word or syllab and is allwaie vsed coÌ„sonantlike as u. expresseth the vowell in the midle or ending syllabs it is vsed for the other form of v. mostwhat for the dispatch in writing This is enough for the number name form and place of both the great and small letters Their force is to be considerred either generallie by diuision or particularlie by enumeration of euerie single letter For their diuision all the 24. letters be either vowels as a. e. i. o. u. or consonants as b. c. d. f. g. k. l. m. n. p. q. r. s. t. x. z. or in som vses both consonants and vowells as i. v. w. y. besides that h. is an aspiration onelie in power tho a letter in form and a consonant in som combination as in the weak ch chat chip change For in the strong ch as charact archangell Christian it is but the aspirat The consonants be either mutes and close the sound as b. c. d. g. k. p. q. t. or half vowellish as f. l. m. n r. s. x. z. which hauing the help of a vowell to begin their force continew it themselues a great while after This is enough for the generall diuision of the letters at this time Their enumeration sheweth the force and vse of euerie particular letter in order as I will deall with them first with the vowells and then with the consonants and either of their combinations diphthongs coplements and abbreuiations The vowells generallie sound either long as compÄring reuÄ“nged endÄ«ting enclÅsure presÅ«ming or short as ransaking reuÄ•lling penitent omnipotent fortunat either sharp as mate méte ripe hópe dúke or flat as mà t mèt rip hòp dùk. Which diuersitie in sound where occasion doth require it is noted with the distinctions of time and tune tho generallie it nede not considering our daielie custom which is both our best and our commonest gide in such cases is our ordinarie leader as in the title of distinction it shal be handled at large A A Besides this generall note for the time and tune hath no particular thing worth the obseruation in this place as a letter but it hath afterward in proportion as a syllab All the other
e as manie merie tarie carie where the verie pen will rather end in the e then in the naked i. If it sound sharp and loud it is to be writen with y hauing no e after it as neding no qualification deny cry defy If it end the last syllab with one or mo consonants after it it is shrill when the qualifying e followeth and if it be shrill the qualifying e must follow as repine vnwise minde kinde fiste If it be flat and quik the qualisying e must not follow as examin behind mist fist If it end a former syllab it soundeth lightlie sharp in spelling and is so to onelesse it be in a word of manie syllabs where the midle time maie easilie be descried by the vse of speche as in pacient penitent euident whining deuising These words of manie syllabs be lightlie strangers bycause our naturall English be most what but of one syllab How it will fall out in the former of a word of two syllabs or of som monosyllabs which seme to be of two as crible pible trible title title bible bible the precept of Analogie or proportion will shew hereafter If there seme another i to follow next the former of the two must be a y as crying denying yea tho the primitiue end in the qualifyed i as carie marie hurrie currie carying tarying hurrying currying where it is to be noted that tho the primitiue word do end in y yet the same y in the former syllabs of the same words race in deriuation maie be the shrill i onelesse another i follow streight as in supply supplying and yet supplied denied be tolerable tho the primitiue y wold do well enough If i end a midle syllab with a consonant or mo after it followeth the flat ending sound as coincident imprinting If it be a deriuatiue of a sharp primitiue it soundeth sharp and casteth his primitine consonant ouer to the next syllab as repine requite enquire repineth requiting enquired bycause a consonant cumming betwene two vowells in anie simple word must be spelled with the latter Somtime the qualified consonant must kepe his own e if the addition begin with a consonant as entice endite enticement enditement which in enticing enditing leaseth the e. bycause the addition beginneth with i. I in the same proportion soundeth now sharp as giue thriue aliue vviue title bible now quik as giue liue siue title bible which sounds ar to be distinguished by accent if acquaintance will not seme in much reading But this is a point that the title of distinction hath taken to charge The quik i and the gentle passant e ar so near of kin as theie enterchange places with pardon as in descryed or descryid findeth or findith hir or her the error is no heresie I is vsed consonantlike when it leadeth a vowell in the same syllab as Iak Iames iolie iump ioy Where note tho the qualified ge as huge rage college and this consonantish ie be of som affinitie that yet the i tho with the e after it cannot com in place of that ge bycause that ge euer followeth a vowell in the same syllab as page drudge grudge whereas the consonantish i still leadeth the sounding vowell and beginneth the syllab Againe e after g onelie qualifieth and neuer soundeth as in reuenge grange bridge trudge and is the last letter of the word E after i the consonant soundeth still and is neuer the last as iet ieast bycause ie in cherie merie carie tarie and such like is i the vowell qualifyed and quik O O is a letter of as great vncertaintie in our tung as e is of direction both alone in vowell and combined in diphthong The cause is for that in vowell it soundeth as much vpon the u which is his cosin as vpon the ó which is his naturall as in còsen dòsen mòther which o is still naturallie short and hósen frósen móther which o is naturallie lōg In the diphthōg it soundeth more vpon the u then vpon the o as in found wound cow sow bow how now and bów sów wróught oúght mów tróugh Notwithstanding this varietie yet our custom is so acquainted with the vse thereof as it wil be more difficultie to alter a known confusion then profitable to bring in an vnknown reformation in such an argument where acquaintance makes iustice and vse doth no man wrong And yet where difference by note shall seme to be necessarie the titles of proportion distinctiō will not omit the help In the mean time thus much is to be noted of o besides his time long and short besides his tune with or without the qualifying e sharp or flat that when it is the last letter in the word it soundeth sharp and loud as agó tó só nó saue in tò the preposition twò the numerall dò the verb his compounds as vndò his deriuatiues as dòing In the midle syllabs for tune it is sharp as here or flat if a consonant end the syllab after o. For time the polysyllab will bewraie it self in our dailie pronouncing considering tho children and learners be ignorant yet he is a verie simple teacher that knoweth not the tuning of our ordinarie words yea tho theie be enfranchised as ignorant impudent impotent O varieth the sound in the same proportion naie oftimes in the same letters as lòue glòue dòue shòue remòue and lóue gróue shróue nóue This duble sound of o in the vowell is Latinish where o and u be great cosens as in voltus voltis colo And vultus vultis occulo in the diphthong it is Grekish for theie sound their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 still vpon the u tho it be contract of oo or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wherein as their president is our warrant against obiection in these so must acquaintance be the mean to discern the duble force of this letter where we finde it and he that will learn our tung must learn the writing of it to being no more strange then other tungs be euen in the writing V V besides the notes of his form besides his time and tune is to be noted also not to end anie English word which if it did it should sound sharp as nú trú vertú But to auoid the nakednesse of the small u in the end we vse to write those terminations with ew the diphthōg as new trew vertew It is vsed cōso nantlike also as well as i when it leadeth a sounding vowell in the same syllab as vantage reuiue deliuer or the silent e in the end as beleue reproue This duble force of both i and v is set from the latin and therefor it is neither the vncertaintie of our writing nor the vnstedfastnesse of our tung for to vse anie letter to a duble vse W. The duble w is a letter that hath accompanied our tung frō the originall Germane and is vsed somtime as a vowell
as capon weapon answer to cheapē threapen Once nonce nonst Bond beyond fond Top stop crop knop and with the qualifying e rope cope grope sope Tople throple pople Hops tops be plurall nūbers Or is a termination of som truble when a con sonant followeth bycause it soundeth so much vpon the u as worm form sword word yet the qualifying e after wil bewraie an o as the absence thereof will bewraie an u storme o worm u lorde o hord u. Or for nor with the qualifying e more gore bore pore sore fore Where note that for his compounds signify the cause fore and his the time as Before afore Wherefor therefor Forthink forfet forethink forestall foresaid foresé Force horce scorce the naturall english Corse French of corps Proch torch Scorch without t before as Arch serch burch lurch Corde lorde accorde with the e. Word sword aford without In former syllabs where or is of it self it soūdeth vpō the o still as organes ordure order Worldle gorge George Porke Yorke with the e Stork cork without the e. Worm form without e vpō 〈◊〉 u. Forme storme with e vpō the o. Corne horne torne forlorne Thorp horse corse remorse Dort with e forte porte O sitting hard vpō the s dubleth it as Crosse losse mosse if not single as purpos With the qualifying e Nose repose close and close the nown vpon the s the verbe vpō the z which is lightlie generall in the like cases of the duble sound of s. Poste hoste toste roste coste with e and without e Lost tost contract for tossed Most by prerogatiue soundeth vpon the e and yet setteth it not down Losh cosh posh Hotch potch notch Potle botle throtle Pot sot not and with the qualifying e cote note throte Othe lothe wrothe and without the e broth moth We sound both like the first and write it like the last Roten frosen rosen dosen where en is passant and the words monosyllabs Groúe throúe lóue and loùe moùe abòue Ox box V. V o be so great còsens euen in còsinage as the one entermedleth with the others soūd verie much V endeth no English word but ew as trew And tho truth be the substātiue yet that is no more maruell then that we set constrew and construction from diuerse grounds congrew congruitie abound abundance pronounce pronunciation Club rub grub and with the e Cube Duble puble buble ruble Sluce nuce the naturall English termination Use excuse refuse and such enfranchised latin Pukle bukle hukle sukle with k. Hutch Much and such seme to be exceptions Mud bud cud rud and with the qualifying e Delude rude Hudle pudle crudle Ruf stuf snuf rufle shufle Shrug rug hug and with e huge deluge refuge Iugle tugle hugle bugle Duk muk luk and with e duke puke luke fluke huke Full dull scull trull and single l with the qualifying e rule crule pule tule vlp gulp gulf wulf Hulk pulse enfranchised gulch Thrum drum crum broum loum Noun croun cloun doun Own grown vpon the deriuatiue Stoup loup droup coup Sound ground found Our domonlie abreuationlike as our the termination for enfranchismēts as autour procur atour as er is for our our as suter writer Bour lour flour four alone vpon the 〈◊〉 Mourn adiourn Howse lowse mowse the verbes and deriuatiues vpon the z as House louse mouse the nounes vpon the s Ous our English cadence for Latin words in osus as notorious famous populous riotous gorgeous being as it were the vniting of the chefe letters in the two syllabs o and u osus Clout lout dout Buy iuyce If I haue either forgoten or not remembred anie termination or if there be no mo yet extant in the vse of our tung yet the president of these will bytheir proportion fashion all the like I haue bene thus carefull and curious to run thorough all these monosyllab terminations bycause I find the like don in other tungs which vse to rip vp all thereby to find assurance wherewith to rule all This being thus ended concerning the monosyllabs I must saie somwhat also of the bisyllabs polysyllabs The proportion of bissyllabs I call that a bissyllab wherein there be two seuerall soūding vowells as Asùr rasùr masùr and why not lasur farow borough thorough Writing biting The proportion in this kinde also is verie commodious bycause when ye haue found out one certain head all of the like sound maie be easilie reduced thereunto onelesse som prerogatiue of priuat custom or som respect to the originall stranger do interrupt the rank If there be but one word in anie kinde that one will serue for a gide when anie mo afterward shall craue the help of the like conduct as Whisper bussard If there be no president of the same sound yet the like proportion in som other vowell will lead his cosen soūd as if there were no such word as badger yet hedger wold lead vs to the like writing Wherein I haue regard still to the English ear reseruing the writing of enfranchised words in their own colours to such as be skilfull I will write for the common man Aumner aumrie naie euen filosofie and ortografie and leaue Almoner almonarie naie Eleemosyner Eleemosynarie philosophie and ortographie to the discretion of such as be learned to vse or refuse as theie list Wherein I follow the autoritie of a great master in speche euen Tullie him self who reseruing the misterie of speche and pen to himself and his peres did lend the peple the vse and customarie thereof Now these bissyllabs be either naturall English as bauin crauin rauin or enfranchised foren as Pallet mallet ballet And again in both the kindes theie be either simple as canell panell chanell or compound as waieward toward froward aside asquint astraie except reiect conceiue detaine As for the compounds and enfianchisments theie haue the help of particular titles to direct them for the simples and naturall English I am to deall in this place Whereof I will set down but certain generall notes bycause the table which followeth shal contein so manie of ech sort as I can well remēber and euerie one of them so proportioned to my note in rule as theie shall one answer another thoroughlie as Cancell chancell hancell Chalice malice Calice amice office Lauer fauer sauer Iaueling graueling shaueling raueling Natur statur Measur treasur But I shall not nede to vse anie further enumeration seing the endings be all one and the former syllab is that which moueth matter of question in this place which hath verie manie helps hereafter whereby it maie be throughlie vnderstood deriuatiō somtime breading bissyllabs as of time timelie witie of wit writer of write composition somtime as breakfast thraldom vauntgard lastage pondage enfranchisment somtime as Excuse abuse abase reiect distinctiō somtime noting them as Amis and amisse ascent assent desert and desért and what not Therefor
haue trauelled in other tungs for the right writing thereof whose labor also hath taken good effect and euen at this daie doth gide all our studies bycause their successe proueth the rightnesse of their waie to haue cut this same course and by examining ech syllab to haue certained all not by rasing new characts but by ruling old custom Second bycause he which quite altereth the natur of such a thing as is said to be corrupted doth not amend the old falt but tendereth vs a new substance as subiect to blame as the former was naie oftimes more the deformitie thereof appearing in the face and the infirmitie thereof not able to bear age as the other did in whose roum it cummeth Whereas in dede in such a case where the substance maie remain tho som error be stript a good director will first sift the certain right from the supposed wrong and in ruling them both call custom to counsell from whom the right came as all men know and by whom the wrong must be helpt as theie that mark maie se. But not to tary long in a matter so plane and so examined before this is most trew that long and waking custom in the matter of speche wherein she commandeth without vsurpation wherein she hath propertie without intrusion and wherein she deals not without consideration of force must haue hir imperiall voyce when the question is what currant were best for directing of the pē For that is no correction which wasteth the substance but that washeth the accidents and that in such sort as the cuntrie custom will best admit vpon former acquaintance Thus much haue I don for the right writing of our English tung desiring my cuntriemen to think well of my labor and themselues to trauell in furnishing out the rest which I cannot deal with if theie like of that which I haue hitherto don if not I wold be glad to be directed my self by som president of another which shall taste of iudgement Mine own course doth carie me quite another waie from medling with such things as this argument is yet not altogither so but that where good cause shall offer occasion and fit circumstance shal be answerable to such cause I wil be verie redie to pleasur mine own cuntrie to the vtmost of my power yea euen in the middest of anie foren learning Tho my drift be such as I maie sooner minister occasion of much matter to such as will dwell vpon particular discourse then my self digresse from that plat which is alredie laied being more then enough to occupy anie one It were a thing verie praiseworthie in my opinion and no lesse profitable then praise worthie if som one well learned and as laborious a man wold gather all the words which we vse in our English tung whether naturall or incorporate out of all professions as well learned as not into one dictionarie and besides the right writing which is incident to the Alphabete wold open vnto vs therein both their naturall force and their proper vse that by his honest trauell we might be as able to iudge of our own tung which we haue by rote as we ar of others which we learn by rule The want whereof is the onelie cause why that verie manie men being excellentlie well learned in foren speche can hardlie discern what theie haue at home still shooting fair but oft missing far hard censors ouer other ill executors themselues For easie obtaining is enemie to iudgement not onlie in words and naturall speche but in greater matters and verie important Aduised considerat cumming by as it proues by those tungs which we learn by Art where time and trauell be the compassing means emplanteth in wits both certaintie to rest on assurance to rise by Our naturall tung cummeth on vs by hudle and therefor hedelesse foren language is labored and therefor learned the one still in vse and neuer will known the other well known and verie seldom vsed And yet contine wall vse should enfer know ledge in a thing of such vse as the naturall deliuerie of our minde and meaning is And to saie the truth what reason is it to be acquainted abrode and a stranger at home to know foren tungs by rule and our own but by rote If all other men had ben so affected to make much of the foren and set light by their own as we seme to do we had neuer had these things which we like of so much we should neuer by comparing haue discerned the better Theie proined their own speche both to please themselues and to set vs on edge and why maie not we by following of their presidents be partakers of their praise cōsidering the thing which we ar to deal in of it self is so good the presidents which to follow to be so manie so plane as we can neither alledge anie want for direction ne yet basenesse of argumēt to diliuer vs from trauell For the matter of speche is a thing well thought of whether ye waie the words and the forces which theie haue or the vttering thereof by pē voyce Naturall nede vpon mere vse commendeth the voyce delite in mere vse commendeth fair speaking And voluntarie nede vpon more vse commendeth the pen delite in more vse commēdeth fair writing Which both ar so well estemed of as there be particular Arts verie cunninglie deuised to beautify them both We nede not toproue by Platoes Cratylus or Aristotles proposition as by best autorities tho men be sufficiēt to proue their own inuentions that words be voluntarie and appointed vpon cause seing we haue better warrant For euen God himself who brought the creatures which he had made vnto that first man whom he had also made that he might name them according to their properties doth planelie declare by his so doing what a cunning thing it is to giue right names and how necessarie it is to know their forces which be allredie giuen bycause the word being knowen which implyeth the propertie the thing is half known whose propertie is emplyed Therefore the argumēt of words speche pen being so necessarie the trauelling in them being no lesse comendable he that will deal in that which I haue said shall both help nede in others heap praise to himself yet do nothing without manifold presidēt For amōg the Hebrewes Ionas Iudas Kimchi among the Grekes Eustathius Fauorine Pollux amōg the Latins Marcus Varro Nonius Marcellus Festus Pompeius tho not these alone nor in these tungs alone endeuored themselues to do that in their tungs which I wish for in ours expounding their own words by their own language The Italian the Frenche the Spanish at this daie vse the like naie theie go further and make particular dictionaries euen to particular books as Iohn Boccace alone hath a dictionarie for himself in the Italian tung Now if such like English wits in whom both learning and labor do concur
syllabs whereby the time and tune of the deriuatiue the e or not e in the originall is perceiued For if the deriuatiue be long and shrill the primitue hath e as presuppose conclude remoue prepare must be writen with e bycause the last syllab saue one in presuppÅsing conclÅ«ding remÅuing prepÄred is long And again fortun profit comfort must haue no e bycause fortÅnat profiting comforter haue the last saue one short So likwise in bissyllabs pine pining pin pinning mate mating mat matting The like rule by conuersioÌ„ will serue for time that where the last saue one in the deriuatiue is short the last in the primitiue is also short as comforting ransăking comfort ransăk and the contraries long The other syllabs besides these for both time and time in natur follow the direction of the last syllab as theie do also for the force of euerie vowell diphthong consonant or combination Thus much coÌ„cerning time at this time The sharp accent is a streight line rising toward the right hand which sheweth that the vowell or diphthong ouer which it is must be sounded sharp and high as ráge crépe mine hóme púre The flat accent is a streight line rising towards the left hand which sheweth that the vowell or diphthong ouer which it is must be sounded flat and quik as rà g stèp thin fòr stùr The streight accent is an vpright perpendicular line falling vpon som letter of duble force to shew in whether kinde it is to be vsed as charact thin giue For euerie of these thré accents these rules ar to be obserued That for cumbring of the lines and shew of difficultie no accent is to be vsed but where nede is and therefor where the accent is sene the place is to be noted That the sharp flat accents ar onelie to be set vpon the last syllab where the sharp hath manie causes to preseÌ„t it self the flat onlie vpon som rare difference as refùse refúse presènt presént recòrd recórd diffèr différ seuèr seuére and certain other of that sort which ar noted in the generall table The streight perpendicular accent serueth onelie for those letters diphthongs and coplements which be of duble forces and is set vpon them in their lesse vsuall force bycause their common and vsuall is more theÌ„ their half naturall and therefor not to be distinguished with anie accent The duble forced letters be these i o ou ow c f g s ch th Whereof c f and t shall not nede anie expresse accent at all bycause c in hir weak force either goeth befoer i or e or hath the qualifying e following hir as hence auance once pronounce which wil be sufficient notes for c. F soundeth vpon the consonantish u onelie in if the abuerb conditionall and of the preposition T is cosen to c onelie in enfranchised words where a vowell followeth after t as condition faction molestation Neither is s to be noted with anie accent after l m n r or the silent e tho after them it sound still vpon the z as hills brims guns cars times lines Therefor the chefe residence of the streight accent is ouer i in terminations in iue as giue aliue thriue Where the contrarie sound cheks as giue liue siue shriuen Ouer o in terminations in oue where o soundeth strong as lòue gròue thróue where the contrarie sound cheks as loue houe aboue moue If o com in anie place not allredie noted for u and of anie difficultie for distinction the streight accent is to be set ouer it as móther for a girle in difference from mòther Ou and ow sound most commonlie vpon the u and therefor if the streight accent be put vpon the o as in doutfull cases it wold be it is to be sounded full vpon the o and not u. G before a o u is out of controuersie strong and therefor the difference is when g cumming before i or e soundeth strong which is contrarie to the naturall or rather the Romane vse thereof as in gig begin giue geld gird gek gilt and such other where g is somwhat mannish and therefor is to be noted with the strong accent and thereby expelleth the u which is made for hir strong supplement in guy guide and yet hath another note of hir own which must haue som acceÌ„t if this be vsed For languish anguish language and such differ from guy and guesse But he that is acquainted with the Hebrew tung will not meruell that a sillie point maketh a great distinction in the force of the same letters S betwene two vowells is a maruellous deputie for z and therefor wold haue som handsom note which will fall somwhat vnhandsomlie the s being such a gangrell onelesse the streight accent maie be conuenientlie set within the vpper bought whereof f hath the like thorow his verie hart For in notes of distinction the most commodious charact is best currant For ch where it is strong the number is not manie and therefor it maie well abide the perpendicular accent ouer the coplement as charact archangell Th is maruellous generall and therefor in such generall words as the this that therefor thence and mo of that race it nedeth not anie sensible distinction where common vse will streight waie be the teacher Howbeit in manie places it will proue nedefull to note the weak th with this streight accent tho som generall rules maie oftimes case it As that when anie word which is both a noun and a verb endeth in th the noun soundeth strong as breath mouth and the verb weak as sooth breath mouth And again o before th with e following next soundeth vpon the weak side as mother other brother Therefor the perpendicular accent sitteth vpon the weak s and th vpon the strong i ó óu ów g ch where nede doth requite If anie wold haue two coÌ„tinent letters both to be noted with the streight accent as giue one betwene them both maie serue the turn by learned presidents in the like case This rule of distinction must be som what curiouslie kept in the generall table as the common master in the elemeÌ„tarie reading as the common introductorie Thus much for the thré accents The seuering note is expressed by two points the one following the other which being set ouer two vowells or the latter vowell in a diphthong declare that theie be to be referred to diuerse syllabs whereas otherwise theie might belong to one as going variëtie alliëd vowëll following The vniting line is expressed by a long stroke betwene two syllabs whereby it is ment that those two syllabs ar par cells of one word being seuered so either by chance thorough the writers ouersight or vpoÌ„ som particular consideration as for-think fore-think The breaker is expressed by two outright strokes one vnder another in the end of a line and giueth vs to wit that the word which it so