Selected quad for the lemma: word_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
word_n	proper_a	sense_n	signification_n	2,806	5	9.7840	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A76308	The universal character, by which all the nations in the world may understand one anothers conceptions, reading out of one common writing their own mother tongues. An invention of general use, the practice whereof may be attained in two hours space, observing the grammatical directions. Which character is so contrived, that it may be spoken as well as written. / By Cave Beck, M.A.	Beck, Cave, 1623-1706?; Netherlands. Emancipatiekommissie.	1657 (1657)	Wing B1647; Thomason E1591_1; ESTC R11215	73,973	189

third between the Antecedent and the Relative which and that when it signifies which whose and whom To know all which note when you have a Verb Adjective or Relative ask the question who or whom what and the word answering to the question in that sentence and proposition shall be the Nominative to the Verb the Substantive to the Adjective and the Antecedent to the Relative as in this Example I love the Great God which made me If the question be asked who loveth the answer is I and that gives the Nominative Case to the Verb. Secondly if the Substantive to great be demanded the Answer is God And Thirdly the answer to the Question who made me shews the Antecedent to the Relative which Note Howsoever the words in a Sentence be placed for Elegancy or the Idiom of any Language they must be reduced to a plain Grammatical order that their Syntax or construction may be known And therefore it is advised such as practise this Character would write plain and orderly according to the directions Note Nouns and Verbs being indeed Aptotes affix the signs to them as hath been taught and there can be no mistake in this writing If two or more Nouns come together belonging to one thing the latter is put in the same Case with the former as Jesus Christ the Lord our Righteousnesse here Christ and Lord and Righteousnesse are all the Nominative Case by Apposition to Jesus Note In the English Tongue an 's put to the Singular Nunber is a sign of the Genitivc Case set before the word that governs it as my Fathers Friend is Equipollent to the Friend of my Father Note The sign of the Tense by the English is sometime set before the Nominative Case to the Verb especially in Questions as doth your Father live shall I abate let me abate but in this Character the sign of the Tense must be alway set to the Verb as al 3 shall I abate lab 3 let mc abate CHAP. VII Of Prosody PRosody teacheth how to speak and pronounce this Character for which purpose one Common Name must be given to each figure and those are Ten Monosyllables borrowed from the English names of the figures which are thus to be pronounced on 1 too 2 or to tre 3 for 4 or fo fi 5 sic 6 and in the Plural Number 6s six sen 7 at 8 nin 9 o. 0. Note When the Consonants prefix'd to the figures are set alone without Vowels to spell them with they are thus to be pronounced bee cee dee fee gee lee mee nee pee qee ar soi tee vau wee xee Note when two Vowels happen together which must be pronounced as two Syllables Grammarians set two pricks over their heads which they call Diaeresis as pii him Note the Vowels to prevent forreigners mistake who pronounce them differently from us must be thus pronounced a as man e as the i ending a syllable as 35 trefi to be pronounced as the word eye i before a Consonant is short as lip O ending a word as Crow 34 trefo o before a Consonant sounds short as upon 12 onto u as under The Dipthong oi to be pronounc'd as boy The Passive mark of figures as ab 3̄ must be pronounced ab lintre For the Accent or syllable to be raised in each word observe First If a word be of two syllables the Accent is in the first as 34 tréfo Second If the word be a Polysyllable the Accent must be in the Antepenultima or last syllable but two if the Penultima or last but one have a Vowel next after it as 3481 trefóraton but if the Penultima have two Consonants following it the Accent must be on it as 3812 treatónto For other Polysyllables liberty may be taken of pronouncing them as shall seem most pleasant to the ear as 347 may be pronounced tréfosen or trefósen Numerals crosse must be called Cruce as 3̄ the cruce tree Note this Character thus pronounced will sound like Greek having divers of its sweetest Cadencies and is capable of Rhetorical and Poetical figures Look an example of writing and speaking the first Commandement at the end of the Book Take notice that the Grammer and Dictionary is already Translated into the French Tongue for the use of that Nation other Languages will be hastned If any forreigners shall please to Publish this Character in their own Countries in their Native Tongues I desire the same course may be taken which we have observed in the French viz. That a double Index be made one of the Figures in their order set before the words and another of the words placed Alphabetically before the Character And that care be taken no alteration be made of the Figures And what additions shall be judged necessary of words omitted in this Edition that they be propounded to publick debate whether necessary or no and being Demonstrated to be such they may be taken in by publick Consent in after Editions Note If you would find any derived word in the Dictionary which you will know by putting to before it as sodden cometh from to seeth and by the Grammatical directions supply marks of Derivation Note The same Character is applyed to most words of the same signification and therefore when the order of figures seems disturbed in the Dictionary know those figures were set before or after to some word of the same sense And that they may be the better distinguished those repeated figures are of a lesser size then the other Note Not only proper names need no Character as was observed before but also many Apellatives Terms of Art as Antithesis officine Medicines as Mithredate and Divers Plants and Animals as Arecca Bonasus c. have but one name in most Languages and therefore we have spared annexing Characters to them A before B. TO Abandon 1 to Abase 412 to Abash 2 to Abate 3 an Abbot p 4 to Abette 5 to Abbreviate nu 6 to Abut or border 7 an Abecedary p 8 to Abhor 9 to Abide or stay 10 to Abide or bear 11 an Abysse r 12 to Abjure u 13 Able q 14 to Abolish 15 Abortive 16 Above Supra to Abound 17 About Circa Abroad ur 18 to Abrogate 15 to be Abrupt 19 Absent q 20 to absolve 21 to abstaine 22 an abstract 16 abstruse q 23 absurd q 24 to abuse tef 25 A before C. An Academy 26 to accent 27 to accept 28 accesse or admission r 29 accessory q 30 an accedent r 31 to accomodate 32 to accomplish 33 to accompany 34 to account 35 to accord 36 accoutrement r 37 according to Iuxta to accumulate 38 to accuse 39 to accustom 40 to acheive 41 to acknowledg 42 an acorn tar 43 to acquaint 44 to acquire 45 to acquit 21 an acre r 46 an action in Law r 39 an act r 47 acrimony r 48 acute q 49 A before D. An adage r 50 an adamant r 51 to add 52 an adder r 53 adders tongue herb r 54 an addice

a line is put betwixt them called Hyphen as sin-revenging grace-confirming A Parenthesi is used when any words are put between the parts of a sentence thus marked CHAP. II. ETymology teacheth the differences of the parts of speech and the forming of them There are seven parts of speech Noune Prononn Verbe Participle Adverb Conjunction Preposition Note we reckon the Interjections among the Adverbs as doe the Greek Grammarians A Noun is a word signifying a thing without difference of time as life sweet Note whatsoever word in our English tongue hath the particle a or the before it is a Noune as a man the house a Noun is either a Substantive or an Adjective A Noun Substantive is that which of it self is sufficient to expresse its signification without the addition of another word as man strength A Substantive is either Proper or Common Note all proper Names of Men Countries Cities Rivers c. found and signifie very like to all Nations they may be writ in the usual letters so that we need not devise Characters for them but common Nounes have in most Languages as many several Appellations as there are several Languages in the world to remedy which confusion this Character is invented An Adjective is that which requireth a Substantive to be joyned with it to shew its signification as when we say white we must add or understand milk or snow or some other Substantive Nouns have two numbers the singular which signifies one as a book and the plural which signifies more then one as books There are two Genders the Masculine and the Feminine the Masculine as a man the Feminin as a woman living substances only didinguish Gender Other Nouns both abstract and Concrete as coldnesse cold need no distinction of Gender Observe diligently several sorts of Nounes by the letters which distinguish them as followeth p. Noun Subst personal male p 3 a man abater or he that abateth personal female p f p f 3 a woman abater or she that abateth r Noun Subst real as r 3 an abatement 3. x Substantive Active as x 3 an abating or the action of abating which is more plain in the words arming the Active Substantive and armes the Real Substantive the one signifies the action of arming and the other the Weapons themselves q A Noun Adjective hath a q set before its Character as q 317 bold There is one declension or manner of declining of Nouns which indeed are all Aptotes and vary not their Character but have the five vowels instead of Cases set after their Characteristica letter Singulariter Nominative an Abater p. 3. Genitive of an Abater p a 3. Dative to an Abater p e 3. Accusative a or the Abater p i 3. Vocative o Abater p o 3. Ablative from an Abater p u 3. The Feminins add f to the vowels as Nom. pf 3 Gen. paf 3 Dat. pef 3 c. Pluraliter Nominative the Abaters p 3 s. Genitive of the Abaters p a 3 s. Dative to the Abaters p e 3 s. Accusative the Abaters p i 3 s. Vocative o Abaters p o 3 s. Ablative from the Abaters p u 3 s. Note that the letter s set behind the Character is a token of the plural number Note the Nominative and the Accusative Case differ not in signification only the Nominative is set before the Verb and the Accusative after it But if the Nominative be put after the Verb it will serve as well as in the Latine and Greek Nouns the Nominative and Accusative are often alike Note the signs or prepositions in with through by c. have several marks which must be taken out of the fift Chapter of Compositions and set to the Nouns and Verbs in composition Note it is unnecessary to vary Adjectives by Case or Gender as our English tongue doth not and the Latine and Greek in many Aptotes It is therefore convenient that the sign of the Case be prefixed to the Substantive that the adjective be put after the substantive but such as are curious may decline them like Substantives adding the vowels to their letter Nouns are capable of degrees of comparison as q 317 Bold Comparative q q 317 Bolder or more bold Superlative q q q 317 Boldest or most bold All numbers are written with their usual Characters only that they may be known from the words written with the like figures a cross must be set above under before or behind the figure as 3 plain signifies to abate The Substantive numeral Cardinal a tray as ternio r 3 + The Adjective Cardinal three q 3 + The Adverb Cardinal thrice t 3 + Appertaining or belonging to three as tertian tuc 3 + The Adjective ordinal third + 3 The Adverb ordinal thirdly t + 3 The Distributive three by three 3 + Compounded with fold as threefold or treble + 3 The Character of Arithmetical Fractions are retained CHAP. III. Of a Pronoun A Pronoun is a part of Speech used in shewing or rehearsing The Pronouns being very few but of most frequent use are all set down hear The principal are the three Primitive Persons I thou or you and he which are expressed by the Vowels a e i. and these Pronoun Vowels set before the letters they are compounded with which in Verbs and Participles are b c d f g l. For when the Vowels are put after the letters p q r x they signifie the Cases of several sorts of Nouns as was taught in the former Chapter Pronouns are declined just like the Nouns Pronouns have no Vocatives but thou and my and our Singulariter Nominative I a Gen. of me p a a Dat. to me p e a Accus me p i a Ablat from me p u a Pluraliter Nominative we a s Gen. of us p a a s Dat. to us p e a s Accus us p i a s Ablat from us p u a s And so is e and i declined c. The Derivative Pronouns are distinguished from their Primitives by an h set before them in composition with Nouns They are thus written My or mine Abatement har 3. Thy Abatement her 3. His Abatement hir 3. whose Plurals are Our Your Their as our Abatement hars 3 your Abatement hers 3 their Abatement hirs 3. Demonstrative Pronouns are This and That or It and Self or Same which are thus written Sing This Abatement hor 3. Plu. These Abatements hor 3 s which is sometimes called it as huac 3 I abated it There is also that Personal as hup 3 That abater and This personal as hop 3. This Abater When a word is compounded with self or same as I my self the same man it must have the letter z set to it as a z I my self The Relative which or who and what the Interrogative is known by the Consonant v set after the Pronoun it relates unto as av I which The Relative is thus declined Nominative which v. Gen. whose or of whom va Dat. to which or to whom ve Accus

abated thou maist c. he c. Plu. We c. ye c. they c. Sing mab 3̄ meb 3̄ mib 3̄ Plu. mab 3̄s meb 3̄s mib 3̄s Imperfect Sing I might or could be abated thou c. he c. Plu. We c. ye c. they c. Sing mac 3̄ mec 3̄ mic 3̄ Plu. mac 3̄s mec 3̄s mic 3̄s First perfect Tense Sing I might have been abated thou c. he ctc. Plu. we c. ye c. they c. Sing mad 3̄ med 3̄ mid 3̄ Plu. mad 3̄s med 3̄s mid 3̄s Second perfect I would have been abated thou c. he c. Sing maf 3̄ mef 3̄ mif 3̄ Plu. maf 3̄s mef 3̄s mif 3̄s Third perfect Sing I should have been abated thou c. he c. Sing malf 3̄ melf 3̄ milf 3̄ Plu. malf 3̄s melf 3̄s milf 3̄s First Future Sing I would be abated thou c. he c. Plu. We c. ye c. they c. Sing mag 3̄ meg 3̄ mig 3̄ Plu. mag 3̄s meg 3̄ mig 3̄s Second Future I should be abated thou c. he c. Plu. We c. ye c. they c. Sing mal 3̄ mel 3̄ mil 3̄ Plu. mal 3̄s mel 3̄s mil 3̄s Infinitive mood Presen Tense to be abated 3̄ Preterperfect to have been abated 3̄d Future to be abated hereafter 3̄g Note instead of Impersonals in English the pronoun it is before Verbs as it pleased God their Character is hu before the Tenses Characteristical letters as hub 3 it abateth Note Verbs are capable of being compared as the Nouns were by doubling and trebling their Tenses Characteristical letter as Present Positive b 3 abateth   Compositive bb 3 more abateth   Superlative bbb 3 most abateth And so for all other Tenses A Participle is a part of speech partaking of the nature both of a Noun and a Verb from a Noun it borrows Gender and Case from a Verb Tense and signification There are six Participles three of the Active and three of the Passive signification The Active are these Participle of the present Tense abating boi 3̄ Participle of the perfect Tense he which hath abated doi 3 Future Tense about to abate or he that will abate goi 3 Passive Participle of the present Tense abated or he that is abated boi 3̄ Preterperfect Tense he which hath been abated doi 3̄ Future to be abated hereafter or he which will be abated goi 3 Note the Participles may at pleasure be made of any Tense of the Indicative or Potential Mood They are declined as the Nouns and Pronouns were before Sing Nom. boi 3   Gen. ba 3   Dat. be 3   Accus boi 3   Vocat bo 3   Abl. bu 3 Plu. Boi 3 s c.   CHAP. V. Of Adverbs Conjunctions and Prepositions AN Adverb is a part of speech joyned to Verbs or Nouns whence some call them Adnouns to qualifie their signification as I justly punish wilfully blind Adverbs are known by the letter r set before their Character as t 3 abatingly Most derivative Adverbs in English end in ly as wisely foolishly They may be compared by doubling and trebling their letters as t 3 tt 3 ttt 3. A Conjunction is a part of speech joyning words and sentences together as and if they are few but of frequent use and therefore they are expressed by Monosyllables set before the words they couple with are to be found in the Dictionary and in the last leaf of the Book they are set all together A Preposition is a part of speech set before other parts as for against with and because the Latin Prepositions are in common use in most Vulgar Languages by reason of many words borrowed from the Latin as Postscript Subscribe c. therefore we have retained such of these Prepositions as are generally known yet for the help of the Vulgar their signification in English is set before them in an ALPHABETICAL Order Above Supra About Circa Again Re According to Juxta After Post Against or an t as Antagonist Ant or an Among Inter Away or a as to avert or turn away or from u. Before or ante as antedate Pre. Before or in presence as before the Judge Coram Behind Post Beneath Sub. Beside Preter Between Inter. Beyond Trans By or through Per. By in Efficient or instrumental sense as slain by the sword Cum. By or beside as he went by the door Cis In comparison of Pra   Con or Com or Co or Col as consent commit co-habit colloquy Con Concerning pri Counter or countermand or contra signifies against ant or an Down Sub Dis as dislike Dis Ex as to extract signifies from or of or out of ex Except or saving or besides Preter Far from precul For or Pro as Proconsul pro For or before pre From the sign of the Ablative case u Forth ex In in Into in Inter as intermit inter Of signifying pertaining to a thing is a sign of the Genitive Case as the wisdome of God Of sometimes signifies from as he received money of me that is from me u Of sometimes signifies by as smitten of God Cum Over signifying above as over my head Supra Over or beyound as crosse over the river trans Out or out of ex Per as to perspire per Pre as to premise pre Privily clam Re as restore Re Note Re must be set after the word it is compounded with to distinguish it from Re the sign of the Dative Case of real substantives All other prepositions should be set befor the word they compound On or upon super on this side cis on the other side trans To the sign of the Dative Case To before a Verb is a sign of the Infinitive Mood present Together Con Towards Erga Under Sub Up as go up supra Up sometimes signifies out as he drinketh up the wine ex Upon or on S per Unto the same as To.   With signifying together as he dined with me Con Sometimes with signifies against as to withstand he fought with me ●nt With instrumental as he fought with a sword Cum Without negative as without money no Without as without the Town Extra Within Intra For Expedition in Writing in Imitatation of the Learned Tongues Observe these Compositions Desiderative na as na 3 to desire to abate Imitative ne as ne 3 to abate in Imitation Inceptive ni as ni 3 to begin to abate which the English sometimes expresse by grow as I grow old Negative no as no 3 not to abate Factive or Causative nu as nu 3 to make or cause to abate For other Compositions look the last leaf of the Book CHAP. VI. Of Syntaxe SYntaxe is the joyning together of two or more words in a sentence and this is either Concord or Government There are three Concords the first between the Nominative Case and the Verb the second between the Substantive and the Adjective and the