of_o these_o or_o the_o like_a be_v answer_v it_o be_v a_o oath_n whosoever_o use_v such_o form_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la oblige_v and_o if_o he_o perform_v not_o the_o thing_n promise_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n but_o in_o this_o now_o will_v you_o give_v i_o a_o hundred_o i_o will_v give_v you_o they_o the_o very_a word_n add_v no_o further_a confirmation_n of_o faith_n make_v but_o a_o bare_a promise_n you_o tell_v i_o you_o will_v give_v i_o a_o hundred_o will_v you_o give_v i_o they_o certain_o i_o will_v believe_v i_o i_o will_v not_o deceive_v you_o here_o some_o kind_n of_o confirmation_n be_v add_v unto_o the_o promise_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o very_a form_n that_o this_o be_v but_o a_o mere_a asseveration_n neither_o a_o oath_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o a_o obtestation_n see_v god_n be_v neither_o call_v to_o witness_v nor_o any_o other_o pawn_n of_o faith_n engage_v how_o shall_v i_o know_v that_o you_o will_v give_v i_o that_o hundred_o which_o you_o promise_v here_o be_v my_o hand_n by_o the_o faith_n of_o a_o honest_a man_n i_o will_v give_v you_o they_o as_o true_o as_o the_o sun_n shine_v i_o will_v do_v it_o never_o believe_v i_o more_o if_o i_o dot_v not_o etc._n etc._n the_o word_n themselves_o show_v that_o they_o contain_v more_o than_o a_o bare_a asseveration_n but_o they_o be_v not_o a_o oath_n yet_o these_o therefore_o be_v rather_o obtestation_n wherein_o for_o further_a confirmation_n of_o a_o matter_n promise_v or_o assever_v we_o interpose_v something_o which_o be_v dear_a unto_o we_o or_o certain_a and_o manifest_v unto_o all_o as_o a_o pawn_n of_o our_o faith_n wherefore_o if_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o the_o mere_a form_n that_o the_o thing_n assume_v for_o confirmation_n of_o the_o promise_n be_v proper_o a_o oath_n a_o bare_a asseveration_n or_o a_o obtestation_n there_o need_v no_o far_a examination_n sect_n vi_o but_o because_o it_o happeneeh_a very_o often_o through_o the_o resemblance_n of_o some_o ambiguous_a or_o large_a signification_n of_o a_o word_n or_o some_o other_o cause_n that_o it_o can_v certain_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o word_n utter_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o oath_n or_o no_o in_o the_o second_o place_n we_o must_v be_v attentive_a unto_o the_o proper_a and_o genuine_a sense_n of_o those_o word_n and_o from_o thence_o make_v the_o judgement_n for_o it_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o form_n that_o all_o those_o speech_n which_o appeal_v unto_o the_o name_n of_o god_n or_o wherein_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o latin_a per_n or_o the_o english_a by_o be_v use_v with_o the_o accusative_a case_n be_v formal_o oath_n lead_v by_o which_o reason_n only_a soto_n conceive_v so_o much_o difference_n between_o the_o term_n by_o my_o faith_n and_o in_o faith_n by_o my_o troth_n and_o in_o troth_n that_o he_o determine_v those_o to_o be_v formal_o oath_n these_o none_o but_o if_o the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v well_o look_v into_o there_o will_v be_v no_o difference_n between_o the_o proposition_n by_o and_o in_o be_v apply_v unto_o the_o same_o thing_n for_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v of_o they_o as_o the_o thing_n they_o be_v apply_v unto_o be_v sacred_a or_o civil_a the_o form_n by_o god_n be_v proper_o a_o oath_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o word_n for_o the_o name_n of_o god_n be_v a_o sacred_a thing_n and_o he_o who_o speak_v after_o that_o manner_n call_v god_n to_o witness_v but_o that_o by_o my_o faith_n though_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o some_o country_n or_o intention_n of_o he_o who_o speak_v it_o may_v be_v a_o oath_n be_v no_o oath_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o word_n but_o a_o mere_a asseveration_n or_o at_o the_o most_o a_o obtestation_n because_o humane_a faith_n be_v not_o a_o sacred_a but_o a_o civil_a thing_n and_o he_o who_o speak_v after_o that_o manner_n call_v not_o god_n to_o witness_v but_o speak_v as_o he_o believe_v or_o declare_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v utter_v with_o serious_a and_o sincere_a deliberation_n of_o mind_n for_o the_o genuine_a interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n by_o my_o faith_n whether_o in_o a_o assertory_n or_o promissory_a matter_n be_v this_o i_o speak_v from_o my_o heart_n i_o tell_v you_o my_o very_a thought_n i_o pawn_v my_o faith_n to_o you_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v so_o if_o to_o my_o knowledge_n i_o deceive_v you_o let_v i_o never_o be_v believe_v more_o etc._n etc._n wherefore_o the_o interposition_n of_o faith_n make_v not_o a_o oath_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o word_n unless_o perhaps_o it_o recall_v we_o to_o some_o oath_n which_o we_o have_v former_o make_v as_o in_o this_o university_n when_o a_o man_n be_v require_v to_o answer_v unto_o a_o question_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o oath_n according_a to_o this_o form_n you_o shall_v speak_v by_o your_o faith_n give_v unto_o this_o university_n and_o when_o convocation_n be_v solemn_o call_v whereunto_o the_o doctor_n master_n regent_n and_o non-regent_n be_v warn_v by_o the_o beadle_n to_o repair_v per_fw-la fidem_fw-la per_fw-la fidem_fw-la per_fw-la fidem_fw-la the_o like_a in_o my_o opinion_n though_o other_o i_o know_v think_v otherwise_o be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o that_o of_o paul_n by_o our_o rejoice_v 23._o which_o i_o have_v in_o christ_n i_o die_v daily_o to_o wit_n that_o it_o be_v proper_o no_o oath_n but_o a_o serious_a asseveration_n only_o that_o as_o he_o be_v subject_a unto_o death_n so_o he_o be_v daily_o prepare_v for_o death_n when_o it_o shall_v please_v god_n to_o call_v he_o sect_n vii_o now_o it_o may_v perhaps_o by_o so_o much_o as_o have_v be_v say_v be_v convenient_o determine_v what_o be_v to_o be_v think_v of_o those_o word_n whereupon_o interpreter_n various_o dispute_v of_o joseph_n unto_o his_o brethren_n by_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n you_o be_v 15._o spy_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o joseph_n have_v be_v long_o conversant_a with_o pharaoh_n courtier_n as_o infect_v with_o a_o touch_n of_o their_o disease_n begin_v to_o savour_v at_o the_o least_o in_o this_o point_n of_o their_o manner_n and_o example_n the_o egyptians_n be_v accustom_v to_o swear_v by_o the_o king_n life_n as_o the_o roman_n in_o latter_a age_n be_v by_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o emperor_n but_o i_o can_v easy_o suffer_v myself_o to_o judge_v otherwise_o of_o the_o word_n and_o action_n of_o man_n famous_a for_o piety_n then_o necessity_n compel_v i_o see_v divers_a of_o the_o ancient_n in_o contribute_v unto_o the_o fame_n of_o the_o saint_n too_o indulgent_a unto_o their_o own_o wit_n while_o they_o will_v cover_v apparent_a defect_n with_o specious_a excuse_n a_o error_n much_o more_o pardonable_a than_o they_o who_o in_o this_o age_n delight_v with_o the_o contrary_a love_v to_o be_v curious_a enquirer_n into_o the_o fault_n of_o devout_a man_n and_o lest_o matter_n shall_v be_v want_v unto_o calumny_n by_o pervert_v blameless_a action_n bestow_v crack_n upon_o crystal_n glass_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o wash_n other_o allow_v a_o more_o favourable_a interpretation_n unto_o the_o speech_n of_o joseph_n that_o he_o use_v for_o once_o only_o this_o form_n of_o swear_v familiar_a unto_o the_o courtier_n as_o a_o accomplishment_n of_o his_o disguise_n and_o that_o he_o may_v more_o skilful_o represent_v the_o person_n of_o a_o egyptian_a prince_n which_o he_o counterfeit_v lest_o he_o shall_v be_v discover_v by_o his_o brethren_n but_o i_o do_v not_o like_a to_o lay_v this_o burden_n though_o somewhat_o light_a upon_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o most_o holy_a man_n without_o any_o necessity_n the_o three_o opinion_n be_v they_o who_o absolve_v joseph_n from_o all_o guilt_n but_o with_o this_o reason_n that_o they_o think_v it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n before_o christ_n forbid_v that_o kind_n of_o oath_n to_o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n which_o opinion_n i_o confess_v so_o far_o as_o it_o acquit_v joseph_n of_o sin_n i_o allow_v but_o of_o the_o reason_n for_o it_o i_o can_v allow_v for_o first_o it_o appear_v not_o that_o christ_n do_v more_o especial_o forbid_v oath_n by_o creature_n than_o such_o as_o be_v make_v by_o god_n for_o he_o general_o prohibit_v the_o unnecessary_a one_o of_o either_o kind_n a_o new_a prohibition_n of_o that_o which_o be_v always_o unlawful_a will_v have_v be_v needless_a and_o that_o which_o he_o speak_v of_o oath_n by_o the_o creature_n in_o particular_a tend_v to_o show_v that_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n once_o make_v contrary_a to_o what_o the_o jew_n think_v of_o it_o be_v no_o less_o obligatory_a than_o those_o which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o name_n of_o god_n express_v second_o neither_o be_v it_o true_a that_o it_o be_v lawful_a before_o christ_n for_o pious_a man_n by_o any_o dispensation_n or_o divine_a indulgence_n to_o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n see_v
be_v give_v why_o both_o the_o moderate_a use_n of_o solemnity_n and_o a_o certain_a form_n of_o word_n shall_v be_v banish_v from_o the_o other_o part_n of_o public_a worship_n i_o confess_v though_o i_o have_v think_v upon_o the_o thing_n with_o myself_o and_o inquire_v much_o of_o other_o i_o can_v never_o yet_o find_v out_o why_o these_o shall_v not_o be_v take_v from_o oath_n as_o superstitious_a addition_n or_o be_v retain_v in_o the_o rest_n of_o god_n service_n as_o profitable_a help_n to_o piety_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o he_o who_o can_v unriddle_v it_o it_o be_v beyond_o my_o skill_n sect_n xiii_o the_o five_o doubt_n remain_v which_o be_v neither_o difficult_a nor_o shall_v be_v tedious_a and_o it_o be_v of_o a_o oath_n wherein_o some_o part_n of_o solemnity_n be_v omit_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n as_o when_o a_o oath_n be_v give_v unto_o a_o prince_n or_o some_o great_a officer_n at_o his_o coronation_n or_o time_n when_o he_o receive_v trust_v and_o honour_n the_o ordinary_a rite_n as_o the_o touch_n and_o kiss_v of_o the_o book_n etc._n etc._n omit_v the_o word_n unto_o which_o he_o be_v to_o swear_v be_v read_v unto_o he_o he_o be_v only_o admonish_v upon_o the_o word_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o upon_o his_o honour_n etc._n etc._n faithful_o to_o observe_v the_o same_o unto_o which_o admonition_n if_o he_o move_v his_o hand_n unto_o his_o breast_n answer_v only_o that_o he_o promise_v the_o oath_n be_v account_v take_v in_o this_o case_n i_o say_v brief_o that_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v no_o lefse_n oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o the_o faithful_a performance_n of_o the_o thing_n promise_v then_o if_o he_o have_v pronounce_v with_o his_o own_o mouth_n every_o word_n and_o syllable_n and_o have_v exact_o accomplish_v there_a of_o the_o ceremony_n and_o solemnity_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v sufsice_v to_o be_v say_v of_o the_o external_a form_n of_o a_o oath_n perhaps_o you_o expect_v as_o i_o have_v determine_v that_o those_o thing_n which_o appertain_v unto_o the_o internal_a form_n of_o a_o oath_n shall_v have_v be_v comprehend_v also_o in_o this_o lecture_n but_o that_o part_n contain_v some_o doubt_n of_o great_a use_n and_o moment_n and_o worthy_a of_o large_a room_n espcial_o that_o part_n which_o explain_v in_o what_o sense_n a_o oath_n ought_v to_o be_v understand_v wherefore_o lest_o i_o shall_v injure_v you_o with_o too_o much_o prolixity_n or_o the_o matter_n with_o two_o much_o brevity_n i_o shall_v do_v my_o endeavour_n that_o in_o the_o next_o lecture_n together_o with_o the_o final_a cause_n which_o contain_v not_o many_o doubt_n nor_o much_o difficulty_n i_o may_v finish_v that_o which_o i_o have_v to_o say_v of_o the_o internal_a form_n the_o six_o lecture_n of_o the_o internal_a form_n and_o final_a cause_n of_o a_o oath_n contain_v seventeen_o case_n summary_n 1_o of_o the_o internal_a form_n or_o interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n 2_o where_o the_o party_n be_v agree_v upon_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o oath_n 3_o 4_o whether_o verbal_a equivocation_n avail_v any_o thing_n 5_o 6_o or_o mental_a reservation_n 7_o that_o a_o oath_n be_v not_o to_o be_v elude_v by_o a_o study_a subterfuge_n 8_o in_o what_o sense_n voluntary_a oath_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v 9_o 10_o and_o in_o what_o oath_n that_o be_v require_v 11_o how_o far_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o oath_n depend_v upon_o the_o scope_n of_o the_o same_o 12_o a_o oath_n upon_o condition_n 13_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o intention_n of_o a_o oath_n 14_o when_o a_o lawful_a thing_n be_v swear_v for_o a_o evil_a end_n 15_o whether_o the_o party_n swear_v not_o intend_v to_o swear_v be_v oblige_v 16_o a_o oath_n by_o the_o way_n of_o compliment_n 17_o when_o a_o man_n be_v doubtful_a whether_o he_o have_v swear_v or_o no._n 18_o a_o man_n willing_a to_o swear_v but_o intend_v not_o to_o oblige_v himself_o sect_n i._o we_o propose_v a_o twofold_a form_n of_o a_o oath_n external_a and_o internal_a the_o external_a follow_v the_o sign_n and_o word_n which_o be_v object_n of_o our_o external_a sense_n we_o finish_v in_o our_o last_o lecture_n we_o come_v to_o the_o internal_a which_o consist_v in_o the_o sense_n and_o interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n and_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o mind_n now_o in_o this_o place_n i_o take_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n not_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o form_n by_o which_o we_o understand_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v swear_v for_o of_o this_o we_o have_v former_o speak_v in_o the_o trial_n of_o oath_n when_o we_o discourse_v upon_o the_o outward_a form_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o promise_n confirm_v by_o a_o oath_n and_o contain_v in_o the_o word_n a_o matter_n true_o of_o great_a moment_n and_o manifold_a use_n and_o in_o either_o relation_n worthy_a of_o your_o most_o diligent_a attention_n for_o it_o be_v of_o much_o concernment_n to_o know_v in_o what_o sense_n you_o swear_v because_o he_o be_v forswear_v who_o perform_v not_o what_o he_o promise_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n wherein_o he_o promise_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v promise_v it_o and_o that_o not_o in_o oath_n only_o but_o in_o vow_n promise_n league_n contract_n and_o all_o other_o convention_n wherein_o it_o behove_v a_o honest_a man_n that_o his_o deal_n be_v fair_a and_o his_o performance_n exact_o agreeable_a with_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o his_o undertake_n wherefore_o to_o the_o point_n the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v either_o clear_a or_o ambiguous_a sect_n ii_o the_o first_o doubt_n be_v of_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n the_o word_n whereof_o be_v plain_a and_o have_v a_o manifest_a unquestionable_a sense_n where_o four_o case_n occur_v the_o first_o be_v where_o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n or_o promise_n be_v so_o clear_a either_o first_o by_o their_o proper_a and_o ordinary_a signification_n or_o second_o by_o the_o manner_n of_o speech_n receive_v in_o any_o country_n or_o three_o by_o mutual_a consent_n of_o the_o party_n that_o their_o sense_n be_v full_o agree_v upon_o by_o the_o person_n interest_v for_o example_n of_o the_o first_o i_o caius_n promise_n unto_o thou_o titius_n to_o give_v thou_o possession_n of_o my_o land_n in_o tusâ—ulan_n if_o within_o a_o month_n time_n thou_o pay_v i_o a_o hundred_o crown_n example_n of_o the_o second_o john_n bargain_n with_o peter_n for_o the_o hundred_o mark_n which_o i_o owe_v you_o i_o will_v deliver_v you_o to_o morrow_n a_o hundred_o of_o my_o weather_n or_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o your_o land_n i_o will_v pay_v you_o the_o yearly_a rent_n of_o three_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n in_o the_o former_a of_o which_o example_n although_o a_o hundred_o be_v a_o word_n so_o ambiguous_a that_o sometime_o it_o signify_v five_o score_n sometime_o six_o score_n yet_o by_o the_o receive_a use_n of_o it_o throughout_o england_n the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n will_v be_v so_o manifest_a that_o there_o can_v arise_v no_o controversy_n about_o the_o sense_n thereof_o because_o we_o all_o know_v that_o a_o hundred_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o money_n signify_v five_o score_n and_o when_o of_o cattle_n six_o so_o a_o bushel_n in_o the_o latter_a example_n be_v a_o measure_n contain_v double_a the_o quantity_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o it_o denote_v in_o the_o southern_a so_o wheresoever_o the_o bargain_n be_v make_v the_o use_n of_o the_o place_n will_v so_o explain_v the_o ambiguity_n that_o plain_a deal_n man_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n disagree_v about_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n example_n of_o the_o three_o titius_n desire_v to_o buy_v one_o piece_n of_o the_o land_n of_o caiâ—s_n border_v upon_o his_o own_o have_v former_o beat_v the_o price_n at_o their_o next_o meeting_n ask_v will_v you_o sell_v i_o your_o land_n at_o the_o price_n you_o set_v upon_o it_o i_o will_v though_o no_o peculiar_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o that_o piece_n which_o border_v upon_o titius_n yet_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o forego_n discourse_n that_o the_o same_o be_v peculiar_o understand_v and_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n oblige_v the_o party_n swear_v to_o perform_v his_o promise_n fair_o and_o in_o that_o sense_n upon_o which_o without_o elusion_n it_o be_v manifest_v the_o contractor_n be_v agree_v and_o he_o who_o bargain_v to_o deliver_v a_o hundred_o weather_n have_v not_o make_v good_a his_o agreement_n till_o he_o deliver_v six_o score_n sect_n iii_o the_o second_o case_n be_v of_o a_o oath_n where_o the_o word_n according_a to_o their_o common_a signification_n be_v clear_a enough_o but_o the_o party_n swear_v have_v no_o will_n to_o oblige_v himself_o in_o that_o sense_n intend_v another_o whereof_o the_o word_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o ambiguity_n be_v not_o altogether_o incapable_a and_o industrious_o
without_o any_o scruple_n that_o among_o the_o jew_n from_o the_o time_n this_o custom_n of_o swear_v by_o the_o creature_n wax_v strong_a the_o reverence_n of_o oath_n decay_v very_o much_o be_v most_o apparent_a by_o the_o word_n of_o our_o saviour_n mat._n 5._o &_o 23._o which_o two_o place_n lay_v together_o afford_v a_o sense_n tend_v to_o the_o correction_n of_o a_o double_a perhaps_o a_o treble_a error_n first_o that_o the_o jew_n grant_v unto_o themselves_o so_o they_o abstain_v from_o the_o name_n of_o god_n liberty_n of_o swear_v in_o every_o trifle_n second_o that_o they_o think_v it_o no_o sin_n to_o swear_v though_o by_o god_n if_o that_o be_v true_a which_o they_o swear_v three_o that_o while_o they_o swear_v but_o by_o the_o creature_n and_o not_o by_o god_n they_o think_v a_o falsehood_n no_o perjury_n for_o so_o they_o perverse_o interpret_v that_o place_n thou_o shall_v not_o for_o swear_v thyself_o but_o shall_v render_v thy_o oath_n unto_o the_o lord_n wherefore_o christ_n teach_v that_o oath_n take_v not_o in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n but_o of_o creature_n be_v as_o true_o oath_n and_o as_o full_o obligatory_a as_o those_o wherein_o god_n be_v express_o mention_v and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v for_o the_o former_a case_n sect_n iii_o the_o latter_a case_n be_v of_o a_o oath_n make_v by_o idol_n or_o false_a go_n for_o solution_n of_o the_o doubt_n in_o this_o case_n first_o i_o say_v that_o such_o oath_n be_v simple_o unlawful_a apparent_o idolatrous_a and_o express_o prohibit_v by_o god_n for_o they_o direct_v the_o true_a worship_n due_a unto_o the_o true_a god_n only_o unto_o god_n which_o be_v not_o true_a contrary_a unto_o the_o precept_n deut._n 6._o 13._o thou_o shall_v fear_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o serve_v he_o and_o swear_v by_o his_o name_n and_o god_n himself_o grievous_o upbraid_v his_o people_n with_o this_o sin_n jer._n 5._o 7._o how_o say_v he_o shall_v i_o pardon_v thou_o for_o this_o thy_o child_n have_v forsake_v i_o and_o swear_v by_o they_o that_o be_v no_o go_n second_o i_o say_v that_o such_o oath_n oblige_v upon_o pain_n of_o perjury_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v observe_v and_o that_o he_o who_o have_v violate_v his_o faith_n so_o give_v in_o a_o lawful_a thing_n be_v perjure_v so_o say_v augustine_n because_o he_o have_v swear_v by_o such_o as_o he_o ought_v not_o and_o do_v contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n that_o which_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v do_v he_o have_v commit_v double_a sin_n and_o again_o he_o who_o swear_v by_o a_o stone_n if_o he_o swear_v a_o falsehood_n be_v perjure_v you_o may_v perhaps_o object_n that_o this_o wherein_o god_n be_v not_o invoke_v witness_n see_v a_o false_a god_n be_v no_o god_n can_v be_v no_o oath_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o obligatory_a i_o answer_v though_o a_o false_a god_n be_v indeed_o no_o god_n because_o as_o truth_n and_o ens_fw-la so_o falsehood_n and_o non_fw-la ens_fw-la be_v convertible_a he_o be_v nevertheless_o a_o god_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o he_o who_o swear_v which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o induce_v obligation_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o one_o ex_fw-la hypothesi_fw-la be_v a_o true_a oath_n to_o wit_n the_o erroneous_a conscience_n of_o the_o party_n suppose_v forasmuch_o as_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o perform_v the_o thing_n which_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o conscience_n he_o have_v confirm_v by_o a_o oath_n where_o faith_n swear_v by_o a_o false_a god_n be_v violate_v injury_n be_v do_v unto_o the_o true_a god_n because_o the_o party_n swear_v though_o under_o false_a mark_n yet_o by_o a_o general_a comprehension_n reflect_v upon_o divine_a power_n whence_o augustine_n the_o stone_n do_v not_o bear_v thou_o speak_v but_o god_n punish_v thou_o not_o perform_v allude_v as_o i_o conceive_v unto_o the_o solemn_a rite_n of_o the_o roman_n where_o the_o party_n swear_v hold_v a_o flint_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o pronounce_v these_o word_n if_o i_o know_o deceive_v let_v jupiter_n cast_v i_o from_o all_o good_a man_n as_o i_o this_o stone_n which_o say_v he_o throw_v the_o stone_n immediate_o from_o he_o and_o they_o who_o have_v perform_v this_o ceremony_n be_v say_v jupiter_fw-la lapidem_fw-la jurare_fw-la he_o therefore_o who_o forswear_v by_o a_o false_a god_n shall_v find_v the_o true_a god_n revenger_n of_o his_o perjury_n and_o contempt_n of_o divine_a power_n and_o religion_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o wisdom_n nay_o augustine_n be_v so_o confident_a that_o he_o fear_v not_o to_o affirm_v it_o less_o evil_a to_o swear_v by_o a_o false_a god_n true_o then_o by_o the_o true_a god_n false_o which_o speech_n of_o he_o may_v not_o be_v understand_v at_o large_a and_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n but_o strict_o as_o to_o the_o falsehood_n and_o perjury_n which_o in_o that_o place_n be_v only_o consider_v three_o i_o say_v upon_o the_o obligatory_a power_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n depend_v the_o solution_n of_o that_o question_n which_o be_v put_v by_o one_o publicola_n unto_o bless_a augustine_n handle_v at_o large_a by_o the_o author_n in_o his_o whole_a epistle_n 15._o 4._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o require_v a_o oath_n of_o one_o who_o we_o know_v will_v swear_v by_o idol_n augustine_n hold_v the_o affirmative_a and_o prove_v it_o first_o by_o example_n of_o abraham_n who_o confirm_v the_o league_n contract_v with_o abimelech_n by_o oath_n mutual_o give_v and_o receive_v gen._n 21._o and_o of_o jacob_n covenant_n make_v with_o laban_n gen._n 31._o then_o by_o reason_n because_o otherwise_o there_o will_v be_v no_o convenient_a mean_n whereby_o league_n may_v be_v make_v and_o public_a faith_n and_o peace_n preserve_v with_o idolater_n nor_o do_v the_o true_a god_n any_o where_o forbid_v the_o good_a use_n of_o faith_n though_o wicked_o swear_v by_o false_a god_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o this_o be_v to_o partake_v of_o another_o sin_n augustine_n answer_v we_o do_v not_o by_o this_o mean_n associate_v ourselves_o with_o he_o who_o swear_v by_o false_a god_n devil_n in_o the_o evil_a of_o sin_n but_o in_o the_o good_a of_o his_o contract_n whereby_o he_o engage_v and_o perform_v his_o faith_n and_o so_o much_o for_o the_o second_o doubt_n sect_n iv._o the_o three_o doubt_n follow_v which_o consider_v the_o manner_n of_o expression_n and_o verbal_a form_n of_o a_o oath_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o doubt_n be_v that_o see_v every_o oath_n true_o and_o formal_o such_o oblige_v under_o guilt_n of_o perjury_n but_o not_o such_o form_n as_o be_v not_o oath_n it_o be_v needful_a we_o shall_v be_v able_a among_o those_o form_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v oath_n by_o some_o note_n or_o character_n to_o know_v which_o be_v and_o which_o be_v not_o proper_o and_o formal_o oath_n in_o which_o matter_n i_o confess_v of_o so_o many_o of_o the_o casuist_n as_o in_o this_o straightness_n of_o time_n i_o can_v peruse_v i_o find_v none_o satisfactory_a some_o of_o they_o touch_v this_o question_n light_o other_o handle_v it_o indistinct_o to_o the_o end_n therefore_o i_o may_v propose_v something_o concern_v this_o point_n more_o distinct_o as_o my_o haste_n to_o other_o thing_n will_v permit_v it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o unto_o a_o bare_a assertion_n or_o promise_n some_o confirmation_n of_o faith_n be_v usual_o add_v and_o that_o by_o asseveration_n obtestation_n or_o by_o a_o oath_n which_o three_o albeit_o they_o may_v seem_v little_a distant_a and_o rather_o to_o differ_v in_o degree_n then_o kind_a nevertheless_o intrinsical_o formal_o and_o specifical_o they_o be_v each_o distinct_a from_o other_o it_o be_v true_a this_o distinction_n through_o their_o affinity_n the_o end_n at_o which_o they_o aim_v and_o word_n whereby_o they_o be_v express_v be_v oftentimes_o so_o obscure_a that_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a either_o not_o altogether_o to_o confound_v they_o or_o skilful_o and_o dexterous_o to_o distinguish_v they_o wherefore_o that_o every_o one_o of_o these_o may_v be_v the_o better_o discern_v from_o other_o four_o thing_n which_o may_v serve_v as_o trial_n of_o every_o form_n of_o speech_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o oath_n a_o obtestation_n or_o mere_a asseveration_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v viz._n the_o form_n of_o word_n the_o proper_a and_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o same_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v sect_n v._o first_o it_o may_v be_v sometime_o sufficient_o apparent_a by_o the_o very_a form_n of_o the_o word_n whether_o a_o man_n have_v swear_v or_o not_o swear_v unto_o i_o that_o you_o will_v give_v i_o a_o hundred_o i_o swear_v or_o by_o god_n i_o will_v or_o i_o promise_v before_o god_n i_o will_v or_o as_o god_n help_v i_o i_o will_v give_v you_o they_o if_o any_o
they_o think_v themselves_o bind_v to_o quit_v themselves_o of_o their_o faith_n engage_v by_o performance_n of_o the_o same_o the_o second_o that_o unl_n esse_fw-la corrupt_a affection_n be_v vigorous_o withstand_v that_o spark_n which_o be_v leave_v in_o we_o of_o natural_a light_n will_v go_v near_o to_o be_v altogether_o extinguish_v by_o they_o or_o so_o rake_v up_o in_o that_o heap_n that_o we_o shall_v rather_o give_v our_o mind_n artificial_o to_o palliate_v then_o sincere_o to_o avoid_v perjury_n three_o that_o he_o who_o desire_v to_o keep_v himself_o free_a from_o all_o spot_n of_o perjury_n must_v diligent_o ponder_v every_o word_n in_o its_o own_o strength_n and_o sense_n of_o the_o oath_n which_o he_o be_v to_o take_v that_o if_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v keep_v it_o may_v not_o be_v take_v or_o if_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v take_v it_o may_v be_v fulfil_v without_o deceit_n or_o simulation_n for_o unadvised_o to_o chap_v up_o holy_a thing_n be_v impious_a and_o too_o late_o when_o they_o be_v once_o swallow_v to_o chew_v they_o and_o so_o much_o for_o the_o first_o doubt_n which_o amount_v unto_o this_o sum_n that_o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n where_o they_o be_v so_o clear_a in_o themselves_o that_o among_o honest_a man_n there_o can_v be_v no_o question_n of_o their_o meaning_n the_o party_n swear_v be_v oblige_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o they_o apparent_o afford_v and_o may_v not_o either_o in_o swear_v or_o when_o he_o have_v swear_v stretch_v those_o word_n upon_o the_o last_o of_o his_o interest_n by_o any_o study_a interpretation_n sect_n viii_o the_o second_o doubt_n be_v where_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v in_o question_n and_o the_o case_n be_v three_o the_o first_o of_o spontaneous_a oath_n as_o in_o promise_n proceed_v from_o the_o mere_a motion_n of_o good_a will_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o liberty_n of_o the_o mind_n rather_o than_o duty_n of_o right_n or_o respect_n the_o common_a and_o true_a answer_n be_v that_o these_o promise_n be_v to_o be_v take_v according_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v because_o every_o man_n be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o himself_o for_o example_n if_o any_o of_o we_o shall_v bind_v ourselves_o by_o a_o vow_n or_o promise_n to_o give_v unto_o the_o poor_a of_o a_o village_n or_o collector_n for_o they_o ten_o shilling_n a_o month_n if_o the_o poor_a see_v month_n as_o we_o use_v it_o be_v a_o ambiguous_a word_n shall_v by_o the_o promise_n pretend_v unto_o the_o first_o pension_n upon_o the_o 28._o day_n of_o january_n and_o so_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o month_n upon_o the_o same_o day_n take_v a_o month_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o week_n which_o be_v one_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n and_o he_o on_o the_o other_o side_n shall_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o due_a till_o the_o last_o of_o january_n and_o so_o forth_o take_v month_n for_o the_o twelve_o part_n of_o a_o year_n according_a to_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o year_n in_o the_o calendar_n which_o be_v another_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o the_o ambiguity_n shall_v be_v interpret_v rather_o in_o his_o sense_n then_o they_o because_o that_o pension_n be_v not_o due_a in_o justice_n and_o before_o the_o promise_n but_o in_o charity_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o free_a promise_n without_o agreement_n or_o contract_n and_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n ought_v these_o word_n to_o be_v understand_v which_o be_v cite_v in_o the_o gloss_n upon_o the_o canon_n law_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o god_n take_v not_o the_o oath_n as_o he_o unto_o who_o it_o be_v swear_v but_o as_o he_o who_o swear_v understand_v the_o same_o but_o that_o this_o may_v right_o be_v apprehend_v two_o thing_n be_v observable_a one_o that_o it_o hold_v especial_o in_o spontaneous_a oath_n and_o promise_n for_o in_o such_o as_o be_v require_v the_o reason_n differ_v as_o shall_v be_v say_v anon_o the_o other_o that_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v in_o the_o present_a case_n oblige_v to_o hold_v unto_o his_o promise_n in_o that_o sense_n which_o he_o either_o real_o intend_v when_o he_o swear_v or_o be_v willing_a the_o auditor_n shall_v believe_v and_o not_o in_o any_o which_o he_o shall_v please_v afterward_o to_o impose_v for_o god_n who_o behold_v the_o heart_n be_v not_o delude_v by_o word_n nor_o ought_v the_o intention_n to_o serve_v the_o word_n but_o the_o word_n the_o intention_n sect_n ix_o the_o second_o case_n be_v of_o oath_n and_o promise_n which_o be_v offer_v unto_o or_o require_v of_o the_o party_n swear_v whether_o of_o right_n or_o under_o pretence_n of_o right_n such_o especial_o as_o ruler_n of_o authority_n command_v their_o subject_n or_o law_n ordain_v as_o with_o we_o those_o of_o supremacy_n and_o allegiance_n those_o which_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o university_n require_v of_o graduate_n and_o the_o like_a also_o those_o which_o either_o party_n in_o lawful_a covenant_n demand_v of_o the_o other_o or_o be_v use_v in_o bargain_n league_n and_o other_o mutual_a contract_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o mutual_a faith_n for_o answer_v in_o this_o case_n i_o say_v that_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n ought_v regular_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o the_o party_n unto_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v seem_v probable_o to_o intend_v so_o that_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v bind_v under_o pain_n of_o perjury_n to_o fulfil_v his_o promise_n if_o it_o be_v lawful_a and_o honest_a according_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o deferent_a the_o word_n be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o mind_n and_o intention_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v say_v the_o lawyer_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n be_v take_v to_o the_o end_n he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v swear_v may_v by_o interposition_n of_o the_o same_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o promise_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v shall_v be_v perform_v unto_o he_o but_o he_o will_v be_v no_o whâ—t_n the_o more_o assure_v of_o that_o performance_n if_o the_o word_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v and_o not_o according_a to_o his_o own_o sense_n for_o there_o be_v a_o different_a nature_n of_o obligation_n where_o debt_n be_v claim_v by_o promise_n and_o where_o promise_n be_v claim_v by_o debt_n god_n himself_o who_o be_v by_o law_n no_o man_n debtor_n make_v himself_o through_o his_o free_a promise_n our_o debtor_n and_o he_o who_o oblige_v himself_o by_o a_o voluntary_a vow_n oath_n or_o promise_v unto_o any_o deed_n of_o charity_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la contract_v debt_n but_o because_o this_o debt_n be_v not_o found_v upon_o his_o right_n unto_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v but_o flow_v mere_o from_o the_o free_a act_n of_o the_o party_n promise_v it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v his_o own_o interpreter_n who_o be_v most_o concern_v to_o know_v how_o much_o how_o far_o and_o in_o what_o sense_n he_o intend_v to_o oblige_v himself_o on_o the_o other_o side_n where_o the_o promise_n be_v found_v upon_o some_o antecedent_n right_a either_o that_o of_o subjection_n and_o duty_n by_o superior_a authority_n or_o of_o justice_n and_o contract_n by_o agreement_n between_o party_n because_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v have_v right_a to_o inquire_v the_o same_o and_o be_v most_o concern_v that_o it_o be_v faithful_o perform_v reason_n require_v that_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o promise_n shall_v rather_o be_v judge_v according_a to_o his_o mind_n and_o interpretation_n then_o by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o party_n promise_v sect_n x._o the_o three_o case_n be_v where_o the_o deferent_a offer_v a_o oath_n of_o ambiguous_a sense_n desire_v only_o that_o the_o word_n be_v swear_v leave_v it_o unto_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v to_o take_v they_o in_o what_o sense_n he_o please_v i_o say_v it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v suspect_v that_o some_o deceit_n be_v couch_v in_o they_o and_o that_o a_o pious_a prudent_a man_n ought_v therefore_o to_o refuse_v a_o oath_n proffer_v upon_o such_o condition_n which_o i_o shall_v make_v good_a by_o a_o threefold_a proof_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o oath_n it_o selt_z in_o which_o the_o first_o thing_n require_v be_v truth_n for_o a_o speech_n of_o indefinite_a and_o ambiguous_a sense_n before_o it_o be_v distinguish_v be_v no_o true_a proposition_n indeed_o no_o proposition_n see_v a_o proposition_n as_o by_o the_o definition_n thereof_o be_v know_v even_o to_o child_n aught_o to_o signify_v a_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n without_o ambiguity_n second_o in_o regard_n of_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v swear_v for_o the_o proper_a end_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v that_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v may_v have_v
preciselv_n out_o of_o the_o debt_n of_o duty_n whence_o also_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o we_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o obligation_n of_o oath_n as_o it_o concern_v conscience_n be_v primary_o and_o especial_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o obligation_n which_o bind_v we_o to_o the_o performance_n of_o duty_n not_o of_o that_o whereby_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o suffer_v the_o punishment_n due_a unto_o perjury_n sect_n xiii_o these_o two_o distinction_n of_o obligation_n lay_v it_o be_v forth_o rmore_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o every_o oath_n be_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n bind_v insomuch_o as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v swear_v without_o any_o intention_n to_o oblige_v himself_o nay_o although_o he_o shall_v swear_v with_o a_o intention_n not_o to_o oblige_v himself_o nevertheless_o the_o oath_n take_v he_o become_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la oblige_v as_o in_o its_o place_n if_o it_o please_v god_n that_o i_o go_v so_o far_o i_o shall_v more_o full_o show_v cicerâ—_n say_v right_a our_o ancestor_n will_v have_v no_o bond_n for_o the_o obligation_n of_o faith_n strict_a than_o that_o of_o a_o oath_n but_o what_o can_v be_v more_o clear_o say_v in_o this_o matter_n then_o that_o which_o moses_n say_v in_o the_o text_n if_o a_o man_n vow_v a_o vow_n unto_o the_o lord_n or_o swear_v a_o oath_n to_o line_v his_o soul_n with_o a_o bâ—nd_n where_o that_o gemination_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o hebrew_n have_v much_o emphasis_n and_o fortify_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n as_o in_o multiply_v i_o will_v multiply_v &_o in_o blessing_n i_o will_v bless_v that_o be_v i_o will_v exceed_o multiply_v i_o will_v great_o bless_v so_o ligando_fw-la ligamen_fw-la bind_v with_o a_o bond_n that_o be_v strong_o bind_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v say_v although_o even_o a_o bare_a promise_n oblige_v the_o conscience_n and_o that_o with_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o asseveration_n or_o obtestation_n it_o oblige_v more_o strict_o yet_o a_o vow_n which_o be_v make_v to_o god_n and_o a_o oath_n which_o be_v make_v to_o man_n but_o with_o the_o witness_n of_o god_n be_v the_o strong_a of_o all_o obligation_n wherefore_o every_o oath_n oblige_v the_o conscience_n as_o well_o the_o assertory_n as_o the_o promissory_a of_o the_o promissory_a see_v it_o respect_v the_o time_n to_o come_v no_o man_n can_v doubt_v but_o of_o the_o assertory_n perhaps_o not_o without_o reason_n there_o may_v be_v some_o question_n make_v because_o all_o obligation_n bind_v unto_o some_o thing_n that_o be_v future_a but_o it_o have_v be_v say_v before_o that_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o assertory_n oath_n from_o the_o promissory_a consist_v in_o this_o that_o that_o respect_v a_o thing_n present_a or_o past_a this_o a_o future_a but_o the_o solution_n be_v easy_a to_o wit_n that_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n qua_fw-la tale_n fall_v not_o primary_o upon_o the_o object_n or_o matter_n of_o oath_n for_o so_o a_o assertory_n oath_n who_o object_n be_v something_o past_a or_o present_a can_v not_o lay_v any_o obligation_n for_o the_o future_a but_o obligation_n fall_v immediate_o and_o direct_o upon_o the_o subject_n that_o be_v the_o conscience_n of_o the_o swearer_n who_o in_o both_o kind_n of_o oath_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o some_o duty_n for_o the_o future_a sect_n fourteen_o which_o that_o it_o may_v be_v make_v more_o manifest_a and_o that_o withal_o it_o may_v moâ—â—_n clear_o appear_v what_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o promissory_a oath_n which_o i_o have_v undertake_v to_o explain_v be_v i_o will_v do_v my_o best_a to_o show_v what_o be_v common_a to_o both_o kind_n of_o oath_n so_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o effect_n of_o obligation_n and_o what_o be_v peculiar_a unto_o a_o promissory_a oath_n and_o first_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v which_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o evident_a as_o its_o contradictory_n imply_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n that_o all_o obligation_n to_o duty_n respect_v the_o duty_n to_o be_v perform_v de_fw-la futuro_fw-la that_o be_v at_o the_o least_o some_o time_n though_o perhaps_o a_o very_a small_a one_o after_o the_o obligation_n contract_v nor_o be_v it_o hard_o to_o be_v observe_v if_o diligent_o consider_v that_o this_o happen_v unto_o every_o oath_n as_o well_o assertory_n as_o promissory_a for_o whosoever_o swear_v oblige_v himself_o ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la to_o manifest_v the_o truth_n in_o that_o which_o he_o be_v about_o to_o say_v whether_o it_o be_v in_o a_o matter_n past_a or_o present_a by_o a_o assertory_n or_o in_o a_o future_a matter_n by_o a_o promissory_a oath_n and_o hitherto_o this_o obligation_n be_v alike_o common_a to_o both_o kind_n so_o that_o if_o in_o either_o of_o they_o the_o word_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v do_v not_o agree_v with_o his_o mind_n he_o become_v guilty_a of_o the_o breach_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o thence_o also_o 〈◊〉_d necessary_a consequence_n obnoxious_a unto_o punishment_n but_o in_o the_o promissory_a oath_n beside_o this_o obligation_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o conscience_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v and_o be_v common_a to_o it_o and_o the_o assertory_n quatenus_fw-la juramentum_fw-la there_o be_v another_o further_a obligation_n proper_a and_o peculiar_a unto_o it_o quatenus_fw-la promissorium_fw-la which_o fall_v upon_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o oath_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o the_o promissory_a party_n swear_v be_v bind_v not_o only_o in_o present_a to_o intend_v to_o do_v that_o which_o he_o swear_v that_o his_o word_n may_v agree_v with_o his_o mind_n but_o also_o to_o endeavour_n for_o the_o future_a as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o fulfil_v that_o which_o he_o have_v swear_v that_o his_o deed_n may_v agree_v with_o his_o word_n that_o be_v he_o oblige_v himself_o not_o only_o bare_o to_o promise_v that_o which_o he_o real_o intend_v but_o also_o far_a oblige_v himself_o to_o perform_v all_o that_o which_o he_o have_v promise_v by_o oath_n which_o the_o word_n of_o moses_n in_o this_o verse_n clear_o express_v if_o a_o man_n say_v he_o vow_v a_o vow_n unto_o the_o lord_n or_o swear_v a_o oath_n to_o bind_v his_o soul_n with_o a_o bond_n he_o shall_v not_o break_v his_o word_n he_o shall_v do_v according_a to_o all_o that_o proceed_v out_o of_o his_o mouth_n and_o thus_o as_o full_o as_o i_o oâ—ght_n &_o asclear_o as_o i_o can_v i_o have_v unfold_v unto_o you_o my_o sense_n upon_o the_o first_o head_n of_o this_o discourse_n what_o a_o oath_n be_v what_o a_o promissory_a oath_n what_o obligation_n in_o my_o next_o lecture_n with_o the_o help_n of_o god_n i_o shall_v proceed_v unto_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o order_n which_o i_o have_v propose_v the_o second_o lecture_n summary_n 1._o a_o premonition_n concern_v style_n 2._o hypothesis_n 1._o above_o all_o thing_n simplicity_n become_v a_o oath_n 3._o simulation_n and_o deceit_n be_v repugnant_a unto_o simplicity_n 4_o 5_o 6_o 7._o simulation_n do_v not_o evade_v perjury_n 8._o hypothesis_n 2._o a_o oath_n be_v stricti_fw-la juris_fw-la 9_o the_o interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v too_o loose_a 10._o all_o condition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v express_v in_o a_o oath_n 11._o hypoth_o 3._o a_o oath_n make_v not_o a_o former_a obligation_n void_a 12._o a_o impossible_a thing_n oblige_v not_o 13._o a_o unlawful_a thing_n oblige_v not_o 14._o the_o difference_n between_o a_o unlawful_a oath_n and_o a_o oath_n of_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n sect_n i._o have_v explain_v in_o the_o former_a lecture_n what_o a_o oath_n be_v in_o general_a what_o a_o promissory_a oath_n in_o particular_a and_o what_o obligation_n i_o proceed_v as_o i_o promise_v to_o propose_v some_o preoccupation_n or_o hypothesis_n fit_v for_o our_o purpose_n as_o foundation_n or_o if_o you_o please_v canon_n or_o rule_n of_o the_o whole_a future_a discourse_n from_o whence_o be_v to_o be_v derive_v and_o to_o which_o be_v to_o be_v reduce_v the_o determination_n of_o most_o doubt_n but_o before_o i_o do_v this_o of_o one_o thing_n by_o the_o way_n which_o i_o go_v not_o about_o to_o entreat_v of_o you_o as_o i_o shall_v do_v if_o i_o can_v suspect_v your_o savour_n or_o believe_v the_o thing_n in_o itself_o unjust_a i_o desire_v only_o to_o premonish_v you_o that_o it_o be_v my_o resolution_n so_o long_o as_o i_o can_v find_v wherewithal_o to_o be_v any_o way_n significant_a in_o my_o expression_n of_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v handle_v not_o to_o labour_v far_o for_o word_n muchlesse_a purity_n of_o language_n and_o least_o of_o all_o to_o trouble_v myself_o for_o elegance_n i_o leave_v that_o to_o such_o as_o have_v leisure_n and_o be_v delight_v to_o take_v pain_n for_o that_o which_o be_v unnecessary_a i_o use_v to_o relate_v among_o my_o friend_n not_o without_o some_o sport_n and_o laughter_n what_o sweat_v it_o cost_v paulus_n cortesius_n a_o man_n
timerous_o as_o show_v he_o have_v not_o much_o faith_n in_o this_o argument_n kind_a of_o collusion_n a_o certain_a kind_n and_o seem_v to_o have_v which_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o not_o who_o will_v undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o traveller_n if_o to_o the_o apparent_a hazard_n of_o his_o life_n he_o fall_v among_o thief_n to_o do_v something_o which_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o collusion_n with_o they_o that_o which_o he_o bring_v in_o the_o three_o place_n the_o impediment_n of_o justice_n encouragement_n of_o wicked_a person_n in_o their_o impiety_n occasion_n of_o lead_v other_o into_o the_o like_a hazard_n of_o their_o life_n through_o such_o silence_n will_v be_v prevalent_a indeed_o if_o the_o traveller_n be_v get_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n safe_a and_o unsworn_a but_o we_o suppose_v except_o he_o have_v swear_v he_o have_v be_v slay_v i_o ask_v therefore_o whether_o in_o such_o certain_a danger_n of_o â—â—e_z be_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o swear_v or_o not_o lawful_a if_o not_o lawful_a and_o certain_o the_o two_o first_o argument_n either_o prove_v that_o or_o nothing_o he_o have_v perish_v and_o who_o then_o shall_v have_v give_v the_o magistrate_n information_n of_o the_o thief_n the_o inconvenience_n which_o be_v object_v from_o this_o silence_n may_v they_o not_o see_v dead_a man_n be_v enjoin_v perpetual_a silence_n be_v object_v from_o his_o death_n but_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o swear_v than_o it_o be_v also_o lawful_a to_o keep_v the_o oath_n except_o some_o emergent_a accident_n as_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o unexpected_o do_v render_v the_o thing_n lawful_a when_o it_o be_v swear_v afterward_o unlawful_a let_v this_o therefore_o till_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v by_o strong_a argument_n remain_v both_o in_o this_o case_n &_o the_o rest_n where_o deceit_n fear_n tyranny_n and_o the_o like_a be_v exercise_v that_o a_o honest_a man_n either_o ought_v not_o to_o swear_v at_o all_o which_o if_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v not_o unlawful_a seem_v hard_a in_o imminent_a and_o apparent_a danger_n or_o ought_v religious_o to_o observe_v his_o oath_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o oath_n in_o which_o i_o be_v desirous_a to_o have_v be_v brief_a if_o the_o matter_n will_v have_v bear_v it_o my_o discourse_n have_v increase_v upon_o my_o meditation_n beyond_o what_o i_o expect_v and_o yet_o while_o i_o study_v brevity_n i_o have_v willing_o omit_v many_o thing_n whereof_o i_o may_v profitable_o have_v speak_v the_o five_o lecture_n of_o the_o external_a form_n of_o a_o oath_n contain_v ten_o case_n summary_n 1_o oath_n by_o sign_n only_o without_o word_n 2_o oath_n by_o the_o creature_n 3_o oath_n by_o idol_n 4_o how_o to_o know_v whether_o a_o man_n have_v swear_v or_o no._n 5_o the_o first_o trial_n the_o form_n of_o the_o word_n 6_o the_o second_o the_o force_n of_o the_o word_n 7_o of_o joseph_n form_n by_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n 8_o third_z trial_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n 9_o four_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v 10_o the_o use_n of_o the_o say_a trial_n 11_o the_o solemn_a rite_n of_o a_o oath_n 12_o whether_o solemnity_n increase_v obligation_n 13_o solemnity_n of_o oath_n omit_v sect_n i._o the_o material_a and_o efficient_a cause_n of_o oath_n have_v be_v handle_v in_o the_o forego_n lecture_n we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o formal_a cause_n now_o the_o form_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v either_o external_a or_o internal_a the_o case_n of_o this_o classis_fw-la be_v so_o under_o two_o head_n to_o be_v divide_v as_o may_v bring_v those_o thing_n which_o appertain_v unto_o the_o word_n or_o sign_n of_o a_o oath_n because_o they_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o interior_a sense_n under_o the_o name_n of_o external_a form_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o appertain_v unto_o the_o sense_n and_o interpretation_n of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o mind_n under_o that_o of_o internal_a form_n a_o oath_n in_o respect_n of_o external_a form_n consist_v of_o sign_n only_o or_o of_o word_n only_o or_o of_o both_o wherefore_o the_o first_o doubt_n be_v of_o the_o oath_n which_o be_v make_v by_o sign_n only_o without_o word_n there_o have_v be_v who_o have_v think_v except_o the_o word_n i_o swear_v or_o the_o name_n of_o god_n be_v express_o use_v as_o i_o swear_v i_o will_v perform_v it_o by_o god_n i_o will_v do_v it_o i_o call_v god_n to_o witness_v so_o god_n help_v i_o or_o the_o like_a that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o bare_a promise_n and_o no_o oath_n and_o therefore_o obligatory_a under_o peril_n of_o falsehood_n only_o not_o of_o perjury_n so_o that_o he_o who_o fulfil_v not_o his_o promise_n which_o ought_v also_o to_o be_v perform_v be_v guilty_a of_o violate_a faith_n but_o not_o of_o a_o violate_a oath_n and_o among_o the_o casuist_n bartolus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v judge_v word_n at_o the_o least_o some_o so_o necessary_a unto_o a_o oath_n that_o unless_o the_o testimony_n invoke_v be_v in_o express_a word_n pronounce_v it_o can_v not_o formal_o be_v a_o oath_n nor_o under_o that_o name_n obligatory_a but_o these_o two_o opinion_n be_v worthy_o reject_v by_o all_o for_o see_v word_n be_v but_o interpreter_n of_o thing_n conceive_v in_o the_o mind_n whereof_o they_o be_v character_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o those_o thing_n conceive_v though_o perhaps_o not_o so_o convenient_o yet_o sufficient_o to_o be_v signify_v by_o other_o mean_n as_o write_v nod_n sign_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o other_o no_o necessity_n enjoin_v the_o use_n of_o word_n so_o mute_n they_o who_o have_v have_v their_o tongue_n cut_v out_o and_o such_o as_o lie_v speechless_a upon_o their_o deathbed_n when_o they_o contract_v marriage_n make_v their_o will_n or_o perform_v any_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o a_o clear_a and_o undoubted_a signification_n of_o their_o assent_n which_o they_o be_v unable_a to_o express_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n use_v by_o nod_n by_o lift_v up_o the_o hand_n or_o other_o sign_n to_o signify_v their_o answer_n unto_o the_o question_n ask_v which_o signification_n be_v no_o less_o valid_a unto_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n of_o the_o law_n then_o if_o it_o have_v be_v express_v by_o word_n and_o it_o be_v the_o very_a same_o in_o a_o oath_n to_o which_o so_o god_n be_v any_o way_n invoke_v witness_n whether_o express_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n or_o tacit_o by_o any_o sign_n whereby_o the_o person_n who_o it_o concern_v may_v manifest_o perceive_v that_o the_o party_n desire_v as_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o god_n to_o engage_v his_o faith_n such_o a_o act_n be_v both_o formal_o a_o oath_n and_o full_o sufficient_a to_o oblige_v the_o conscience_n according_a to_o that_o verse_n which_o stobaeus_n bring_v out_o of_o a_o old_a comedian_n the_o oath_n be_v firm_a if_o i_o but_o give_v a_o nod_n he_o be_v therefore_o very_o much_o deceive_v and_o his_o own_o impostor_n who_o think_v himself_o either_o free_a from_o or_o more_o loose_a in_o his_o obligation_n because_o he_o utter_v no_o word_n that_o may_v express_v a_o oath_n if_o to_o another_o ask_v he_o a_o question_n as_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o god_n witness_n and_o arbyter_n by_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o behaviour_n he_o seem_v plain_o to_o consent_v or_o if_o where_o it_o may_v be_v advantageous_a unto_o he_o in_o respect_n of_o some_o worldly_a gain_n that_o he_o shall_v seem_v to_o have_v swear_v unto_o the_o word_n of_o another_o he_o know_o and_o witting_o make_v use_n of_o a_o friend_n to_o witness_v though_o false_o that_o he_o have_v so_o swear_v he_o have_v bind_v by_o that_o fact_n his_o soul_n with_o a_o bond_n and_o ought_v no_o less_o to_o do_v according_a unto_o all_o that_o which_o proceed_v out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o party_n ask_v or_o require_v then_o if_o it_o have_v proceed_v out_o of_o his_o own_o mouth_n if_o the_o thing_n be_v lawful_a he_o must_v perform_v it_o but_o if_o he_o know_v it_o to_o be_v unlawful_a he_o can_v by_o this_o trick_n evade_v perjury_n sect_n ii_o furthermore_o as_o oath_n may_v be_v swear_v by_o sign_n only_o without_o word_n so_o they_o may_v and_o most_o common_o be_v by_o word_n only_o without_o sign_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o rash_a one_o which_o slip_v out_o in_o common_a discourse_n and_o other_o now_o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n may_v be_v consider_v yet_o two_o way_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n by_o which_o it_o be_v swear_v or_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o expression_n and_o form_n of_o speech_n in_o which_o it_o be_v swear_v wherefore_o the_o second_o doubt_n be_v concern_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n in_o
that_o worship_n be_v due_a unto_o god_n alone_o as_o from_o deut._n 6._o and_o jer._n 5._o have_v be_v prove_v which_o latter_a place_n though_o perhaps_o it_o peculiar_o concern_v they_o who_o swear_v by_o idol_n and_o false_a god_n yet_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o argument_n which_o the_o prophet_n use_v general_o take_v comprehend_v they_o also_o who_o swear_v by_o creature_n see_v that_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v true_o say_v of_o creature_n that_o they_o be_v not_o go_n three_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o oath_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o definition_n thereof_o show_v sufficient_o that_o it_o be_v never_o lawful_a to_o swear_v by_o creature_n heathen_n themselves_o confess_v that_o divine_a invocation_n belong_v unto_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o oath_n which_o thing_n be_v so_o and_o this_o reason_n insufficient_a to_o excuse_v joseph_n of_o all_o crime_n the_o four_o opinion_n follow_v which_o explain_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o joseph_n word_n suppose_v he_o not_o to_o have_v swear_v at_o all_o and_o therefore_o not_o to_o have_v sin_v in_o swear_v amiss_o for_o if_o he_o swear_v by_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n either_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n be_v invoke_v as_o witness_v which_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o think_v or_o contain_v some_o execratory_n or_o imprecatory_a thing_n in_o it_o which_o what_o it_o can_v be_v without_o a_o very_a harsh_a and_o force_a interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o divine_v but_o the_o sense_n of_o his_o word_n will_v be_v very_o plain_a and_o easy_a if_o they_o be_v expound_v by_o a_o indicative_a speech_n thus_o by_o the_o life_n of_o pharaoh_n you_o be_v spy_n that_o be_v as_o true_a and_o certain_a as_o it_o be_v that_o pharaoh_n live_v so_o true_a and_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o you_o be_v spy_n like_o that_o by_o this_o sun_n that_o shine_v i_o tell_v you_o true_a which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v this_o be_v so_o true_a which_o i_o tell_v you_o as_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o sun_n shine_v whereof_o neither_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v formal_o a_o oath_n but_o a_o asseveration_n rather_o confirm_v by_o a_o vehement_a obtestation_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o much_o may_v be_v say_v for_o the_o contrary_a which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o of_o weight_n to_o make_v i_o alter_v my_o judgement_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v of_o weight_n to_o make_v i_o think_v it_o fit_a that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v leave_v free_o to_o his_o judgement_n provide_v he_o condemn_v not_o another_o and_o grant_v i_o this_o that_o it_o can_v at_o least_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o word_n except_o it_o appear_v by_o other_o mean_n be_v clear_o prove_v that_o joseph_n swear_v see_v the_o word_n contain_v no_o invocation_n of_o witness_n nor_o of_o vengeance_n sect_n viii_o the_o three_o trial_n whereby_o a_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v know_v be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n place_n or_o community_n for_o there_o may_v be_v some_o speech_n which_o neither_o by_o their_o form_n nor_o force_n and_o natural_a sensâ—_n of_o the_o word_n appear_v to_o be_v oath_n yet_o through_o receive_a use_n in_o some_o nation_n and_o common_a estimation_n may_v be_v account_v oath_n as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n such_o as_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o word_n a_o man_n will_v take_v for_o oath_n may_v be_v esteem_v no_o oath_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o value_n of_o word_n be_v like_o that_o of_o money_n not_o by_o nature_n but_o agreement_n or_o rather_o use_v that_o be_v their_o worth_n be_v according_o as_o they_o be_v esteem_v to_o find_v a_o example_n thereof_o we_o neee_v go_v no_o further_o than_o some_o of_o our_o own_o form_n for_o whereas_o faith_n and_o truth_n especial_o as_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v word_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n and_o efficacy_n in_o asmuch_o as_o he_o who_o be_v void_a of_o truth_n be_v void_a of_o faith_n and_o he_o who_o be_v void_a of_o faith_n be_v void_a of_o truth_n also_o nevertheless_o our_o countryman_n through_o long_a use_n be_v possess_v with_o a_o opinion_n that_o he_o who_o say_v in_o faith_n swear_v and_o he_o who_o say_v in_o truth_n swear_v not_o as_o also_o that_o in_o truth_n be_v but_o a_o mere_a asseveration_n and_o by_o my_o troth_n a_o oath_n of_o which_o thing_n it_o be_v a_o folly_n to_o demand_v other_o reason_n then_o custom_n to_o who_o arbitrament_n belong_v the_o right_a the_o law_n the_o rule_n of_o tongue_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o he_o who_o while_o he_o look_v only_o at_o the_o form_n or_o force_v of_o the_o word_n take_v the_o liberty_n in_o common_a discourse_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o speech_n without_o discretion_n or_o scruple_n as_o have_v by_o long_o use_v obtain_v among_o we_o the_o force_n and_o estimation_n of_o oath_n violate_v the_o precept_n of_o christ_n against_o swear_v scandalize_v his_o brother_n and_o expose_v himself_o unto_o the_o danger_n of_o perjury_n sect_n ix_o the_o four_o and_o last_o trial_n whereby_o a_o oath_n may_v be_v know_v be_v the_o mind_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v for_o be_v it_o so_o that_o a_o form_n of_o speech_n appear_v not_o by_o the_o word_n themselves_o nor_o by_o the_o common_a estimation_n of_o man_n to_o be_v a_o oath_n nevertheless_o if_o a_o man_n use_v such_o a_o form_n either_o through_o mistake_n imagine_v himself_o to_o have_v swear_v or_o through_o some_o deceitful_a intention_n will_v be_v think_v to_o have_v swear_v that_o form_n though_o it_o be_v not_o real_o and_o in_o itself_o a_o oath_n will_v have_v nevertheless_o as_o to_o that_o man_n the_o full_a obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n to_o all_o effect_n and_o if_o he_o violate_v his_o faith_n so_o give_v he_o be_v guilty_a at_o the_o bar_n of_o conscience_n not_o only_o of_o falsehood_n but_o perjury_n for_o as_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o apostle_n he_o who_o esteem_v a_o thing_n common_a or_o impure_a which_o in_o itself_o be_v not_o impure_a make_v it_o nevertheless_o impure_a as_o to_o he_o and_o be_v bind_v to_o abstain_v from_o it_o as_o if_o it_o be_v real_o common_a and_o impure_a so_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o contrary_n he_o who_o esteem_v a_o thing_n holy_a which_o in_o itself_o be_v not_o holy_a make_v it_o nevertheless_o holy_a as_o to_o he_o and_o be_v bind_v to_o abstain_v from_o it_o as_o a_o thing_n real_o holy_a and_o if_o error_n in_o the_o understanding_n excuse_v not_o from_o obligation_n much_o less_o may_v deceitfulness_n in_o the_o will_n because_o it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o a_o impious_a and_o fraudulent_a man_n shall_v fall_v into_o the_o pit_n which_o he_o dig_v for_o his_o neighbour_n and_o that_o his_o foot_n shall_v be_v catch_v in_o the_o snare_n which_o he_o set_v for_o another_o sect_n x._o the_o use_n of_o the_o four_o trial_n which_o i_o have_v explain_v be_v this_o that_o to_o know_v when_o a_o question_n or_o scruple_n of_o conscience_n arise_v concern_v any_o form_n of_o speech_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o oath_n whether_o or_o no_o it_o be_v true_o and_o formal_o a_o oath_n and_o consequent_o contain_v the_o force_n of_o obligation_n recourse_n may_v present_o be_v have_v unto_o these_o trial_n and_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o the_o form_n make_v by_o they_o as_o diagnostic_n sign_n and_o that_o in_o the_o order_n which_o i_o have_v propose_v begin_n with_o the_o first_o and_o run_v through_o the_o rest_n as_o there_o shall_v be_v occasion_n that_o be_v except_z the_o examen_fw-la appear_v sufficient_o make_v by_o the_o way_n to_o show_v it_o to_o be_v a_o oath_n for_o that_o which_o be_v a_o oath_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v but_o a_o affirmation_n by_o the_o examination_n of_o some_o one_o mark_n but_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v to_o be_v a_o oath_n till_o the_o whole_a examen_fw-la be_v perfect_v through_o every_o mark_n the_o end_n of_o this_o examen_fw-la be_v two_o the_o one_o before_o the_o oath_n that_o a_o man_n may_v bethink_v himself_o whether_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o use_v such_o a_o form_n or_o no_o the_o other_o after_o the_o form_n use_v that_o he_o may_v understand_v how_o far_o he_o be_v oblige_v sect_n xi_o our_o discourse_n have_v be_v hitherto_o of_o such_o oath_n as_o be_v make_v by_o sign_n without_o word_n or_o of_o such_o as_o be_v make_v by_o word_n without_o sign_n we_o come_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o such_o as_o be_v compound_v of_o both_o now_o sign_n be_v join_v with_o word_n for_o the_o great_a either_o solemnity_n of_o the_o act_n or_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n wherefore_o a_o four_o doubt_n be_v concern_v a_o solemn_a oath_n where_o the_o first_o case_n or_o first_o question_n be_v of_o the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n use_v in_o solemn_a oath_n of_o the_o rite_n of_o the_o gentile_n many_o have_v write_v
some_o assurance_n of_o that_o which_o before_o be_v uncertain_a but_o what_o certainty_n can_v be_v have_v in_o word_n of_o a_o uncertain_a sense_n three_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v who_o if_o he_o take_v the_o oath_n upon_o that_o condition_n prepare_v either_o scandal_n for_o his_o neighbour_n or_o a_o snare_n for_o himself_o for_o this_o kind_n of_o covin_z can_v be_v imagine_v to_o have_v other_o drift_n then_o either_o that_o other_o may_v be_v draw_v by_o our_o example_n though_o against_o their_o conscience_n to_o take_v the_o same_o oath_n which_o be_v to_o give_v scandal_n unto_o our_o neighbour_n or_o that_o something_o else_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o oath_n may_v afterward_o be_v require_v of_o we_o which_o be_v either_o unlawful_a or_o inconvenient_a and_o that_o be_v to_o set_v a_o snare_n for_o ourselves_o wherefore_o let_v a_o prudent_a man_n beware_v how_o he_o suffer_v himself_o thus_o to_o be_v impose_v upon_o or_o esteem_v the_o fear_n or_o favour_n of_o any_o at_o that_o rate_n to_o swallow_v the_o bait_n wherein_o he_o know_v certain_o there_o be_v a_o hook_n assure_o that_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v may_v be_v due_o perform_v it_o be_v expedient_a the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v most_o clear_o agreeed_o upon_o by_o all_o the_o interest_v party_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v liquido_fw-la jurare_fw-la scis_fw-la tamen_fw-la &_o liquido_fw-la juratus_fw-la dicere_fw-la possess_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o old_a form_n the_o deferent_a when_o he_o offer_v a_o oath_n to_o the_o party_n about_o to_o swear_v be_v wont_a to_o say_v qua_fw-la de_fw-la repeto_fw-la liquido_fw-la jure_v sect_n xi_o but_o enough_o of_o these_o i_o come_v to_o the_o three_o doubt_n which_o be_v of_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o oath_n according_a to_o the_o latitude_n or_o extent_n of_o the_o same_o that_o be_v whether_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v and_o how_o far_o it_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o scope_n the_o first_o case_n be_v where_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v particular_a yet_o the_o word_n be_v general_a for_o example_n papal_a usurpation_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o oath_n of_o royal_a supremacy_n he_o arrogate_a unto_o himself_o the_o exercise_n of_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o spiritualibus_fw-la throughout_o this_o kingdom_n i_o answer_v such_o a_o oath_n be_v obligatory_a according_a to_o the_o express_a word_n in_o the_o utmost_a latitude_n the_o reason_n be_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o a_o law_n though_o make_v upon_o particular_a occasion_n be_v general_a to_o provide_v against_o all_o future_a inconvenience_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n or_o nature_n and_o therefore_o albeit_o in_o the_o preamble_n of_o a_o law_n particular_a mention_n be_v often_o make_v of_o that_o grievance_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o enact_v the_o same_o yet_o those_o word_n wherein_o the_o law_n be_v contain_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n general_a which_o be_v do_v industrious_o and_o on_o purpose_n by_o lawgiver_n that_o other_o thing_n of_o like_a nature_n may_v fall_v within_o their_o comprehension_n wherefore_o as_o lawyer_n take_v their_o responsal_n upon_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n not_o from_o the_o preamble_n but_o body_n of_o the_o statute_n so_o of_o the_o right_a interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n ought_v judgement_n to_o be_v make_v not_o from_o the_o preface_n but_o from_o the_o body_n of_o a_o oath_n sect_n xii_o the_o second_o case_n be_v how_o far_o a_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o some_o condition_n i_o answer_v brief_o first_o if_o the_o word_n contain_v a_o express_a condition_n the_o party_n swear_v be_v not_o bind_v till_o the_o condition_n be_v perform_v as_o if_o caius_n promise_v titius_n a_o hundred_o crown_n to_o morrow_n if_o titius_n give_v he_o this_o day_n possession_n of_o such_o or_o such_o land_n the_o possession_n not_o give_v caius_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o his_o promise_n second_o if_o there_o be_v no_o express_a condition_n yet_o all_o those_o condition_n and_o exception_n which_o be_v presume_v by_o law_n and_o common_a custom_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o i_o will_v do_v this_o or_o that_o if_o god_n permit_v if_o it_o be_v not_o against_o the_o right_n of_o another_o if_o thing_n remain_v as_o now_o they_o stand_v if_o i_o be_v able_a if_o be_v it_o lawful_a etc._n etc._n as_o be_v say_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o second_o hypothesis_n sect_n xiii_o the_o three_o case_n be_v of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o intention_n for_o the_o seem_v to_o have_v fulfil_v his_o oath_n who_o do_v according_a to_o that_o which_o he_o intend_v in_o the_o second_o intention_n which_o be_v the_o end_n although_o he_o perform_v it_o not_o according_a to_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o word_n which_o contain_v the_o first_o intention_n only_o or_o mean_n for_o example_n if_o a_o man_n engage_v himself_o by_o vow_n oath_n or_o promise_n to_o allow_v ten_o shilling_n a_o month_n to_o the_o poor_a of_o such_o a_o parish_n and_o in_o january_n and_o february_n give_v nothing_o but_o in_o march_n send_v they_o thirty_o shilling_n i_o answer_v that_o if_o the_o party_n swear_v intend_v to_o oblige_v himself_o unto_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n only_o and_o not_o unto_o the_o circumstance_n and_o manner_n of_o it_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v unto_o that_o way_n which_o the_o word_n seem_v to_o insinuate_v whence_o in_o the_o example_n propound_v if_o he_o have_v pay_v a_o whole_a three_o month_n pension_n in_o the_o first_o month_n doubtless_o he_o have_v perform_v his_o promise_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v that_o by_o accident_n and_o consequence_n he_o may_v become_v oblige_v even_o unto_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o thing_n because_o every_o man_n be_v oblige_v caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o impediment_n in_o doubtful_a matter_n to_o choose_v that_o which_o be_v safe_a as_o in_o the_o example_n propose_v it_o be_v safe_a to_o pay_v the_o pension_n in_o the_o manner_n promise_v that_o be_v rather_o every_o month_n ten_o then_o in_o the_o three_o thirty_o both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o danger_n of_o sudden_a death_n and_o uncertain_a event_n and_o to_o avoid_v those_o scruple_n which_o may_v arise_v even_o from_o neglect_a circumstance_n i_o shall_v therefore_o advise_v a_o pious_a man_n that_o he_o be_v careful_a to_o fulfil_v every_o of_o his_o vow_n oath_n promise_n according_a unto_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o word_n and_o of_o his_o intention_n as_o far_o as_o convenient_o he_o may_v even_o to_o the_o slight_a circumstance_n lest_o through_o contempt_n of_o small_a matter_n he_o create_v scruple_n unto_o himself_o or_o by_o degree_n get_v such_o a_o habit_n as_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o contemn_v great_a but_o however_o unto_o one_o thing_n i_o exhort_v all_o and_o it_o be_v the_o sum_n and_o top-stone_n of_o this_o whole_a discourse_n concern_v the_o sense_n and_o interpretation_n of_o oath_n that_o above_o all_o they_o be_v watchful_a lest_o they_o be_v too_o indulgent_a unto_o themselves_o in_o this_o business_n or_o while_o they_o pamper_v their_o own_o desire_n weaken_v the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n with_o over_o mild_a and_o loose_a interpretation_n and_o so_o expose_v themselves_o unto_o the_o danger_n of_o perjury_n and_o thus_o muâ—h_n shall_v suffice_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o formal_a cause_n sect_n fourteen_o there_o remain_v a_o little_a to_o be_v say_v of_o the_o final_a cause_n the_o first_o doubt_n be_v when_o a_o thing_n lawful_a in_o itself_o be_v promise_v with_o a_o ill_a intention_n or_o to_o a_o ill_a end_n first_o i_o say_v it_o be_v simple_o unlawful_a to_o promise_v any_o thing_n though_o lawful_a with_o a_o evil_a intention_n or_o to_o a_o evil_a end_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o as_o one_o defect_n in_o any_o humane_a action_n be_v enough_o to_o render_v the_o whole_a action_n evil_a for_o good_a be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o entire_a cause_n evil_a of_o a_o partial_a so_o especial_o a_o defect_n derogate_a from_o the_o end_n which_o hold_v the_o principal_a place_n in_o moral_a thing_n at_o which_o that_o speech_n of_o our_o saviour_n be_v think_v to_o aim_n but_o if_o thy_o eye_n be_v evil_a thy_o whole_a body_n shall_v be_v full_a of_o darkness_n second_o i_o say_v if_o any_o man_n shall_v have_v swear_v any_o thing_n unto_o another_o for_o a_o dishonest_a end_n yet_o without_o any_o dishonest_a condition_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o party_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o fulfil_v the_o promise_n if_o a_o man_n promise_v a_o woman_n a_o jewel_n intend_v with_o himself_o to_o engage_v she_o by_o that_o token_n unto_o immodest_a love_n nevertheless_o without_o show_n of_o any_o unchaste_a condition_n he_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o promise_n the_o reason_n of_o each_o be_v because_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o give_v a_o jewel_n