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threefold_a gate_n or_o door_n how_o the_o motion_n of_o wheel_a double_a and_o treble_a wheel_a of_o the_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v make_v chap._n xxxii_o it_o follow_v to_o show_v how_o a_o battle_n may_v be_v turn_v or_o wheel_v and_o how_o after_o reduce_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n or_o station_n cap._n 30._o plagiophalanx_n or_o the_o brode-fronted_n phalange_n orthiophalanx_n or_o the_o hearse_n protaxis_fw-la or_o forefront_v the_o front_n lâ—â—halanx_n or_o the_o uneven_a front_a phalange_n cap._n 31._o hypotaxis_fw-la or_o double-winging_a entaxis_fw-la or_o insertion_n protaxis_fw-la or_o forefront_a cap._n 32._o the_o manner_n of_o wheel_v the_o first_o posture_n close_v of_o file_n close_v of_o rank_n forward_o the_o front_n but_o in_o case_n we_o desire_v to_o wheel_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n we_o command_v the_o left-hand-file_n to_o stand_v still_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o move_v forward_o close_o up_o to_o 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into_o another_o and_o because_o the_o open_a order_n be_v it_o that_o be_v common_o begin_v withal_o it_o be_v here_o teach_v how_o from_o thence_o to_o pass_v to_o the_o rest_n and_o to_o return_v to_o it_o again_o the_o end_n of_o closing_n be_v speak_v of_o before_o in_o regard_n of_o place_n they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n one_o to_o the_o wing_n right_a or_o left_a the_o other_o to_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o phalange_n i_o can_v express_v the_o manner_n better_o then_o by_o set_v down_o the_o word_n of_o command_n or_o direction_n which_o be_v these_o in_o close_v to_o the_o right_a wing_n the_o right-wing-corner-file_n stand_v firm_a the_o rest_n turn_v face_n to_o the_o pike_n and_o move_v according_a to_o
and_o serve_v for_o the_o pike_n only_a for_o the_o musquettier_n can_v be_v so_o close_o in_o file_n because_o they_o must_v have_v their_o arm_n at_o liberty_n &_o that_o be_v when_o every_o one_o be_v distant_a from_o file_n to_o file_v a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o 3_o foot_n from_o rank_n to_o rank_n and_o this_o last_o distance_n be_v thus_o command_v close_o yourselves_o thorough_o but_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v teach_v the_o soldier_n for_o that_o when_o necessity_n shall_v require_v it_o they_o will_v close_v themselves_o but_o too_o much_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n without_o command_n to_o begin_v therefore_o to_o do_v the_o exercise_n the_o company_n be_v set_v in_o the_o first_o distance_n to_o wit_n of_o 6_o foot_n in_o file_n and_o rank_n and_o thus_o be_v say_v these_o be_v the_o general_a word_n of_o command_n which_o be_v often_o to_o be_v use_v stand_v right_a in_o your_o file_n stand_v right_a in_o your_o rank_n silence_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o you_o 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distance_n to_o wit_n at_o 12_o foot_n and_o this_o for_o a_o single_a company_n rank_n as_o you_o be_v sc_n at_o the_o first_o in_o open_v rank_n or_o file_n you_o must_v keep_v they_o close_v until_o the_o second_o rank_n or_o file_n beginning_n from_o the_o outside_n have_v take_v their_o distance_n and_o so_o shall_v the_o rest_n remain_v close_o until_o every_o rank_n or_o file_n have_v take_v their_o distanceâ—_n in_o order_n open_v your_o file_n to_o wit_n to_o the_o first_o distance_n of_o 6_o foot_n if_o you_o will_v command_v to_o close_a file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o outmost_a file_n stand_v still_o and_o the_o rest_n close_o to_o that_o file_n for_o the_o pike_n with_o a_o firm_a stand_n advance_v your_o pike_n order_n your_o pike_n slope_n your_o pike_n charge_v your_o pike_n order_n your_o pike_n trail_v your_o pike_n cheeeke_v your_o pike_n more_o for_o the_o pike_n first_o with_o a_o firm_a stand_n and_o then_o march_v charge_v your_o pike_n 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advance_v towards_o a_o enemy_n when_o they_o do_v not_o skirmish_v loose_a and_o disband_v vanguard_n they_o must_v give_v fire_n by_o rank_n after_o this_o manner_n two_o rank_n must_v always_o make_v ready_a together_o and_o advance_v ten_o pace_n forward_o before_o the_o body_n at_o which_o distance_n a_o sergeant_n or_o when_o the_o body_n be_v great_a some_o other_o officer_n must_v stand_v to_o who_o the_o musquettier_n be_v to_o come_v up_o before_o advance_v they_o present_v and_o give_v fire_n first_o the_o firstranke_a and_o while_o the_o first_o give_v fire_n the_o second_o rank_n keep_v their_o musket_n close_o to_o their_o rest_n and_o their_o pan_n guard_v and_o assoon_o as_o the_o first_o be_v fall_v away_o the_o second_o present_o present_a and_o give_v fire_n and_o fall_v after_o they_o now_o assoon_o as_o the_o first_o two_o rank_n do_v move_v from_o their_o place_n in_o the_o front_n the_o two_o rank_n next_o they_o must_v unshoulder_n their_o musket_n and_o make_v 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rank_n must_v never_o be_v more_o open_v than_o the_o open_a distance_n of_o 6_o foot_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o troop_n may_v march_v in_o good_a order_n and_o observe_v well_o their_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o rank_n without_o that_o the_o last_o may_v be_v force_v to_o run_v or_o go_v to_o fast_o there_o must_v be_v heed_n take_v that_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o first_o rank_n begin_v to_o march_v all_o the_o troop_n and_o the_o rear_n also_o at_o one_o time_n march_v the_o word_n of_o command_n be_v open_v your_o rank_n open_v your_o file_n stand_v right_a in_o your_o rank_n stand_v right_a in_o your_o file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v so_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n about_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n about_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n countermarch_n file_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n as_o you_o be_v rank_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n countermarch_n rank_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n countermarch_n close_o your_o file_n close_o your_o rank_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n wheel_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n wheel_n fault_n escape_v in_o the_o book_n pag._n 2._o in_o the_o margin_n beneath_o for_o spartionem_fw-la read_v spartianus_n pag._n 9_o lin_v 20._o for_o be_v be_v &_o lin_v 31._o for_o bircanna_n bircenna_n and_o in_o the_o marg_n lin_v 40._o for_o dipnoseph_n dipnosoph_n pag._n 10._o lin_v 26._o in_o marg_n for_o adrian_n arrian_n p._n 14._o l._n 11._o in_o marg_n for_o dipnoseph_n dipnosoph_n p._n 15_o l._n 18._o for_o marsilian_o massilian_n p_o 17._o l._n 47._o for_o pluime_n plume_n p._n 18._o l_o 49_o for_o conceit_a by_o conceited_o p._n 20._o l._n 45._o for_o thureo_n thureoi_n lin_v 48._o deal_n full_a p._n 22._o l._n for_o those_o these_o l._n 11._o for_o ochane_n ochane_n l._n 32._o deal_n then._n p._n 23._o l._n 12._o for_o divarate_v divarate_v p._n 27._o l._n 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34._o easy_o easy_o p._n 53_o l._n 6._o prataxis_fw-la protaxis_fw-la pag._n 55._o l._n 35._o for_o have_v give_v pag._n 56._o l._n 18._o sure_a safe_a lin_v 32_o 37._o ansetaus_n ansetaus_n 41._o then_o they._n 46._o a_o full_a point_n after_o through_o p._n 57_o l._n 31._o betwixt_o the_o and_o example_n put_v former_a p._n 58._o l._n 2._o pharnabarus_n pharnabazus_n l._n 18._o after_o monomachy_n a_o full_a point_n 37._o the_o â—hem_fw-mi 48._o after_o number_n a_o full_a point_n p_o 59_o l._n 6._o speedy_o speedy_o 36._o motion_n motion_n 39_o 40._o your_o you_o 41._o after_o form_n a_o full_a point_n p_o 60_o l._n 16._o fiâ—th_n five_o 18._o after_o may_v be_v set_v the_o figure_n 2._o 28._o after_o sort_n deal_n as_o and_o for_o 2_o read_v 4._o p._n 61._o l._n 18._o never_o neither_o p._n 62._o l._n 23._o after_o lydian_n a_o full_a point_n p._n 63._o l._n 15._o for_o 500_o 5000._o lin_v 22._o for_o 800_o 8000._o p_o 66._o l._n 26._o for_o 500_o 400._o lin_v 25._o read_v when_o it_o be_v great_a in_o xenophon_n have_v no_o more_o than_o 100_o pag._n 68_o l._n 35._o beside_o to_o pretermit_v p._n 70._o l._n 40._o fight_n read_v march_v p._n 72._o l._n 1._o after_o sun_n set_v read_v and._n l._n 37._o for_o of_o p._n 75._o l._n 19_o &_o 27._o lochagie_n lochagi_n l._n 32._o pempedarche_n pempadarch_n p._n 78._o l._n 2._o &_o 4._o of_o on_o p._n 79._o l._n 11._o for_o four_o three_o p._n 80._o l._n 29._o insert_v after_o a_o army_n that_o etc._n etc._n â—oreth_v disorderly_a &_o lin_v 47_o after_o 21._o insert_v foot_n pag._n 82._o lin_v target_n target_n lin_v 30._o for_o 6130._o read_v 6144._o pag_n 84._o l._n 14._o philopoman_n philopoemen_n p._n 87._o l._n 36._o quintus_fw-la quintius_n
defence_n of_o their_o country_n and_o only_o two_o narrow_a way_n betwixt_o he_o cast_v his_o army_n into_o a_o hollow_a plinthium_fw-la or_o square_a and_o lead_v it_o against_o the_o left_a hand_n passage_n whither_o all_o the_o theban_n flock_v for_o defence_n but_o he_o turn_v about_o face_n from_o the_o rear_n haste_v away_o and_o gain_v the_o other_o passage_n where_o no_o man_n be_v present_a to_o resist_v and_o enter_v spoil_v the_o country_n and_o return_v without_o impeachment_n 4_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o metabole_n before_o be_v rehearse_v two_o kind_n of_o turn_n of_o face_n about_o one_o to_o the_o pike_n the_o other_o to_o the_o target_n here_o be_v add_v two_o more_o one_o from_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o other_o against_o the_o enemy_n which_o be_v all_o one_o indeed_o and_o differ_v only_o in_o name_n what_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o turn_n shall_v be_v i_o be_o in_o doubt_n aelian_n expound_v they_o one_o way_n suidas_n a_o other_o aelian_n esteem_v they_o by_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v hand_n suidas_n albeit_o he_o have_v that_o signification_n also_o esteem_v they_o by_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v therefore_o suidas_n define_v the_o turn_n from_o the_o enemy_n to_o be_v a_o turn_n about_o towards_o the_o rear_n that_o against_o the_o enemy_n a_o turn_n about_o towards_o the_o front_n aelian_n will_v have_v the_o first_o to_o contain_v two_o turn_n towards_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o second_o two_o turn_n towards_o the_o left_a i_o for_o my_o part_n assent_v rather_o to_o aelian_n for_o touch_v the_o turn_n of_o suidas_n i_o can_v yet_o understand_v why_o turn_v towards_o the_o rear_n shall_v be_v a_o turn_n from_o the_o enemy_n or_o towards_o the_o front_n a_o turn_n to_o the_o enemy_n consider_v that_o whether_o soever_o you_o turn_v face_n the_o enemy_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v there_o face_n and_o weapon_n be_v to_o be_v oppose_v always_o against_o the_o enemy_n which_o be_v the_o only_a end_n of_o turn_v aelians_n opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v more_o probability_n in_o it_o at_o least_o if_o i_o conceive_v the_o right_a reason_n for_o i_o take_v it_o thus_o that_o see_v the_o grecian_n as_o the_o roman_n likewise_o be_v targeteer_n and_o carry_v their_o target_n on_o their_o left_a side_n and_o in_o fight_n advance_v that_o side_n always_o near_o the_o enemy_n which_o they_o seek_v to_o cover_v with_o their_o target_n that_o therefore_o the_o turn_n about_o to_o the_o enemy_n be_v call_v turn_v to_o the_o target_n as_o contrary_o turn_v to_o the_o right_a side_n on_o which_o side_n the_o pike_n be_v carry_v and_o which_o be_v naked_a of_o such_o defensive_a arm_n be_v call_v apeâ—un_fw-la the_o open_a side_n and_o therefore_o further_o remove_v from_o the_o enemy_n may_v for_o the_o same_o cause_n be_v term_v turn_v from_o the_o enemy_n so_o that_o i_o take_v turn_v about_o to_o the_o enemy_n and_o turn_v about_o to_o the_o target_n to_o be_v all_o one_o as_o also_o turn_v about_o from_o the_o enemy_n and_o turn_v about_o to_o the_o pike_n howsoever_o the_o name_n differ_v this_o be_v my_o conjecture_n which_o i_o shall_v imagine_v to_o be_v true_a till_o i_o find_v some_o man_n that_o will_v be_v please_v to_o give_v i_o a_o more_o probable_a reason_n i_o only_o add_v now_o the_o word_n of_o command_n in_o this_o motion_n as_o you_o be_v face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n face_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o figure_n show_v the_o manner_n of_o wheel_v double_a and_o treble-wheeling_a of_o the_o battle_n and_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n chap._n xxvi_o 1_o epistrophe_n or_o wheel_v be_v when_o the_o battle_n be_v so_o close_v that_o no_o man_n can_v turn_v or_o twice_o turn_v his_o face_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o nearness_n of_o man_n to_o man_n it_o whole_o and_o joint_o wheel_v as_o a_o ship_n or_o some_o other_o body_n carry_v about_o the_o order_n thereof_o remain_v undissolue_v when_o the_o wheel_a be_v to_o the_o pike_n we_o warn_v the_o right-corner-file-leader_n to_o stand_v still_o as_o it_o be_v the_o hook_n of_o a_o door_n hinge_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o battle_n proceed_v forward_o to_o turn_v about_o the_o same_o file-leader_n like_o the_o door_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v wheel_v to_o the_o target_n it_o may_v be_v thus_o define_v epistrophe_n be_v when_o shut_v the_o battle_n by_o gather_v close_o the_o follower_n and_o sideman_n we_o turn_v it_o whole_o as_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n towards_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n it_o be_v carry_v about_o the_o corner-file-leader_n as_o about_o a_o centre_n and_o change_v the_o place_n of_o the_o front_n transfer_v the_o countenance_n of_o the_o soldier_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n the_o follower_n and_o sideman_n every_o one_o remain_v in_o file_n and_o rank_n as_o before_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v i_o will_v show_v hereafter_o anastrophe_n or_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v the_o restore_n 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megapolitan_o who_o imitate_v the_o macedonian_a manner_n of_o arm_v be_v term_v chalcaspide_n 4_o in_o polybius_n i_o have_v show_v that_o the_o lacedaemonian_n have_v â—_o brazen_a target_n by_o the_o institution_n of_o lycurgus_n &_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o hero_n almost_o all_o armour_n be_v make_v of_o brass_n 56â—_n the_o target_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n that_o be_v slay_v at_o the_o battle_n of_o leuctra_n be_v brass_n and_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pausanias_n and_o the_o brazen_a target_n 123_o of_o pyrrhus_n which_o he_o leave_v at_o argos_n be_v there_o slay_v be_v keep_v in_o the_o temple_n of_o câ—es_n as_o for_o the_o weight_n it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a but_o it_o may_v become_v light_a enough_o by_o use_n and_o exercisâ—_n we_o see_v iron_n target_n in_o use_n at_o this_o day_n and_o not_o hard_a to_o be_v bear_v and_o albeit_o the_o weight_n be_v not_o for_o every_o man_n strength_n yet_o since_o it_o have_v be_v and_o be_v the_o manner_n to_o make_v choice_n of_o soldier_n and_o to_o fit_v they_o with_o arm_n according_a to_o the_o ability_n of_o their_o body_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n but_o the_o strong_a sort_n may_v well_o bear_v they_o another_o sort_n of_o target_n there_o be_v which_o differ_v from_o the_o macedonian_a not_o so_o much_o in_o form_n of_o roundness_n as_o in_o matter_n and_o manner_n of_o carieng_n they_o be_v make_v of_o wicker_n and_o bear_v in_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o our_o buckler_n which_o we_o use_v not_o long_o since_o and_o a_o some_o cover_v over_o with_o hide_n some_z not_o b_o xenophon_n say_v that_o cyrus_n the_o elder_a arm_a the_o persian_n with_o these_o wicker_n target_n &_o reko_n ning_v up_o the_o nation_n through_o who_o country_n the_o grecian_n pass_v in_o their_o return_n out_o of_o persia_n &_o describe_v their_o arm_n b_o report_v that_o the_o chalybes_n taochi_n &_o phasian_o have_v target_n of_o this_o kind_n now_o that_o they_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o left_a hand_n be_v clear_a by_o the_o same_o xenoph._n e._n he_o write_v thus_o of_o the_o fight_n betwixt_o cyrus_n &_o croesus_n the_o egyptian_n &_o persian_n encounter_v together_o the_o fight_n be_v hard_a &_o sharp_a &_o the_o egyptian_n aswell_o in_o number_n as_o in_o arm_n have_v the_o advantage_n for_o they_o fight_v with_o stiff_a long_a pike_n &_o their_o large_a target_n better_a cover_v their_o body_n than_o cuirass_n or_o wicker_n target_n and_o be_v bear_v on_o their_o shoulder_n avail_v to_o joint-thrusting_a foreward_n serring_z therefore_o their_o target_n close_o they_o advance_v &_o run_v on_o the_o persian_n be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o shock_n by_o reason_n they_o bear_v their_o wicker_n target_v at_o the_o arm_n end_n but_o retire_v by_o little_a &_o little_a &_o give_v &_o take_v blow_n they_o maintain_v the_o fight_n till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o engine_n so_o far_o xenophon_n out_o of_o which_o word_n a_o man_n may_v plain_o understand_v the_o manner_n of_o bear_v these_o wicker_n target_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o lightness_n may_v easy_o be_v hold_v out_o at_o arm_n end_v and_o as_o the_o egyptian_a target_n which_o reach_v down_o to_o the_o foot_n must_v needs_o be_v heavy_a and_o therefore_o have_v â—eed_o of_o the_o shoulder_n to_o support_v it_o so_o be_v it_o with_o the_o brazen_a target_n of_o the_o macedonian_n which_o be_v also_o weighty_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o matter_n they_o be_v make_v of_o these_o therefore_o be_v likewise_o carry_v on_o the_o shoulder_n plutarch_n witness_v it_o in_o the_o life_n of_o aemilius_n and_o the_o same_o plutarch_n rehearse_v that_o cleomenes_n the_o king_n of_o sparta_n teach_v his_o lacedaemonian_n in_o steed_n of_o a_o spear_n to_o use_v a_o pike_n with_o hoth_a hand_n and_o to_o bear_v theirâ—_n target_n upon_o the_o strappe_v not_o by_o the_o handle_n the_o word_n be_v obscure_a &_o need_v light_n which_o i_o will_v give_v as_o short_o as_o i_o can_v i_o find_v three_o word_n amongst_o the_o grecian_n all_o perteyn_a to_o 〈◊〉_d a_o target_n they_o be_v those_o telamonius_n ochane_n or_o ochanon_n and_o porpax_v telamonius_n in_o this_o sense_n for_o it_o signify_v otherwise_o a_o band_n be_v by_o all_o confess_v to_o be_v the_o broad_a strappe_v which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o target_n &_o hold_v the_o target_n be_v cast_v about_o the_o neck_n unto_o the_o back_n of_o ochane_n &_o porpax_n be_v some_o variance_n ochano_n suidas_n say_v that_o ochanon_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o hold_n of_o the_o target_n ochaâ—o_o hesychius_n call_v it_o the_o porpax_n of_o the_o target_n &_o the_o band_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o porpax_n 〈◊〉_d hesychius_n say_v it_o be_v the_o handle_n of_o the_o target_n &_o take_v porpe_n iâ—_n the_o same_o sense_n make_v it_o the_o thing_n bear_v up_o the_o targett_v into_o which_o the_o hand_n and_o arm_n to_o the_o elbow_n be_v thrust_v porpax_n suidas_n say_v porpax_n be_v it_o that_o they_o hold_v the_o target_n by_o which_o be_v call_v ochane_n &_o again_o that_o some_o take_v it_o for_o the_o band_n of_o the_o target_n other_o some_o for_o the_o middel_n iron_n that_o go_v through_o the_o target_n on_o which_o the_o soldier_n take_v hold_v so_o that_o both_o hesychius_n &_o suidas_n agree_v that_o ochanon_n &_o porpax_n be_v sometime_o alone_o and_o signify_v the_o handle_n of_o the_o target_n in_o which_o sense_n 34_o herodotus_n &_o â—40_n pausanias_n take_v ochanon_n also_o hesychius_n further_o interprete_v it_o for_o the_o band_n of_o the_o target_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signification_n better_a agree_v with_o the_o meaning_n of_o plutarch_n who_o make_v a_o apparent_a difference_n betwixt_o they_o report_v that_o cleomenes_n teach_v the_o lacedaemonian_n to_o carry_v their_o target_n by_o the_o ochane_n not_o by_o the_o porpax_n when_o he_o say_v by_o the_o ochane_n be_v mean_v by_o the_o strappe_v by_o which_o be_v fasten_v about_o the_o neck_n the_o target_n be_v throw_v over_o to_o the_o back_n &_o rest_v upon_o the_o left_a shoulder_n that_o which_o i_o say_v will_v better_o appear_v if_o we_o mark_v what_o the_o lacedaemonian_n do_v before_o &_o what_o cleomenes_n advise_v they_o unto_o before_o they_o carry_v a_o spear_n in_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o a_o target_n by_o the_o handle_n in_o the_o left_a so_o that_o both_o their_o hand_n be_v full_a the_o spear_n be_v not_o able_a to_o match_v the_o enemy_n pike_n for_o cleomeâ—_n cleomenes_n have_v often_o to_o do_v with_o the_o macedonian_n &_o achaean_n who_o both_o use_a pike_n &_o pike_n the_o lacedaemonian_n can_v not_o wield_v with_o one_o hand_n so_o then_o to_o give_v they_o liberty_n of_o both_o hand_n he_o counsel_v they_o to_o carry_v their_o target_n at_o their_o back_n by_o the_o strappe_v
dart_n be_v name_v doration_n doru_n as_o i_o say_v be_v a_o spear_n and_o doration_n according_a to_o suidas_n a_o little_a spear_n or_o dart_n aelian_n use_v the_o word_n in_o this_o chap._n lonche_n albeit_o it_o proper_o signify_v the_o â—_o head_n of_o spear_n or_o dart_n yet_o do_v it_o sometime_o signify_v the_o dart_n itself_o so_o be_v it_o take_v in_o c_o xenophon_n when_o he_o tell_v that_o fly_v weapon_n begin_v to_o walk_v on_o all_o side_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v dart_n arrow_n and_o stone_n out_o of_o slinge_n and_o some_o out_o hand_n and_o diodorus_n siculus_n have_v 615._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o throw_v dart_n even_o in_o the_o act_n of_o alexander_n yet_o we_o find_v that_o spear_n be_v also_o cast_v under_o that_o name_n and_o d._n xenophon_n say_v that_o the_o theban_n cast_v dorata_fw-la against_o the_o lacedaemonian_n the_o dart_n have_v be_v in_o use_n amongst_o all_o nation_n the_o matter_n fashion_n and_o force_v of_o the_o roman_a dart_n may_v be_v see_v in_o 15._o vegetius_n and_o in_o â—_o lipsius_n his_o commentary_n ad_fw-la polybium_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o dart_a of_o the_o macedonian_a armed_z appear_v in_o the_o fight_n betwixt_o choragus_n and_o dioxippus_n before_o by_o i_o mention_v where_o we_o find_v that_o choragus_n cast_v first_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4â—_n lanceam_fw-la say_v curtius_n at_o dioxippus_n when_o he_o think_v he_o with_o in_o his_o reach_n but_o the_o darter_n here_o speak_v of_o be_v of_o the_o lightarmed_n such_o be_v the_o c_o agrian_o in_o alexander_n camp_n who_o in_o all_o attempt_n of_o speed_n be_v employ_v by_o alexander_n and_o serve_v to_o purpose_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o lightness_n the_o dart_n of_o the_o grecian_a be_v a_o slender_a shave_a piece_n of_o wood_n about_o three_o foot_n long_o arm_v at_o one_o end_n with_o a_o head_n of_o iron_n with_o a_o sharp_a point_n to_o the_o end_n to_o pierce_v whatsoever_o it_o shall_v fall_v upon_o for_o the_o length_n i_o give_v it_o differ_v not_o from_o the_o roman_a dart_n in_o polybius_n e_o and_o xenophon_n seem_v to_o affirm_v it_o when_o speak_v of_o the_o arrow_n of_o the_o carduchans_n 41â—_n he_o say_v they_o be_v long_o than_o two_o cubit_n &_o add_v the_o grecian_n send_v they_o back_o again_o at_o the_o enemy_n in_o stead_n of_o dart_n about_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o dart_n they_o fasten_v a_o thong_n which_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d wherein_o insert_v their_o forefinger_n they_o lance_v the_o dart_n with_o more_o facility_n xenophon_n witness_v it_o in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o â—n_o another_o place_n he_o say_v a._n xenophon_n command_v the_o targeteer_n to_o march_v with_o their_o finger_n in_o the_o thong_n of_o their_o dart_n the_o archer_n with_o their_o arrow_n nocked_a the_o slinger_n with_o their_o scryppe_n full_a of_o stone_n that_o they_o may_v be_v ready_a to_o let_v fly_v when_o they_o be_v command_v these_o dart_n be_v forcible_a enough_o to_o pierce_v armoure_n of_o that_o time_n and_o that_o with_o they_o alone_a 5â—9_n iphicrates_n overthrow_v and_o destroy_v a_o whole_a mora_fw-la of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n which_o people_n be_v account_v the_o best_a arm_v and_o the_o most_o valiant_a of_o the_o greek_n before_o the_o macedonian_n come_v in_o credit_n 9_o stone_n there_o be_v here_o mention_v two_o manner_n of_o throw_v stone_n the_o one_o with_o the_o sling_n the_o other_o with_o hand_n alone_o the_o stone_n throw_v with_o the_o sling_n fly_v with_o much_o more_o violence_n than_o the_o stone_n throw_v with_o the_o hand_n and_o be_v cast_v with_o a_o skilful_a and_o strong_a arm_n they_o reach_v a_o great_a way_n than_o a_o man_n will_v think_v and_o yet_o not_o so_o far_o as_o bullet_n throw_v out_o of_o a_o sling_n which_o by_o xenophons_n report_n outreach_v the_o persian_a arrow_n i_o have_v before_o touch_v the_o story_n i_o will_v now_o lay_v down_o xenophons_n word_n b_o the_o grecian_n those_o ten_o thousand_o that_o return_v out_o of_o persia_n under_o the_o lead_n of_o cherisophus_n &_o xenophon_n have_v not_o march_v far_o before_o mithridates_n appear_v again_o with_o 200._o horse_n and_o 400._o archer_n &_o slinger_n which_o be_v very_o nimble_a &_o light_a he_o come_v close_o up_o to_o the_o grecian_n as_o a_o friend_n be_v near_o some_o of_o his_o horse_n &_o foot_n begin_v to_o shoot_v other_o to_o sling_v &_o to_o wound_v the_o grecian_n the_o rear_n commander_n of_o the_o grecian_n be_v hardly_o best_v yet_o can_v they_o do_v nothing_o to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n for_o the_o cretan_n shoot_v not_o so_o far_o as_o the_o persian_n &_o carieng_n no_o armour_n of_o defence_n they_o be_v fain_o to_o hide_v themselves_o with_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o arm_a &_o the_o darter_n be_v not_o able_a to_o reach_v the_o slinger_n of_o the_o enemy_n xenophon_n therefore_o have_v the_o rear_n think_v good_a to_o charge_n and_o follow_v the_o enemy_n but_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o overtake_v they_o for_o the_o grecian_n have_v no_o horse_n &_o the_o barbarian_a horseman_n shoot_v backward_o in_o their_o flight_n wound_v many_o of_o they_o that_o give_v the_o chase_n to_o remedy_v this_o inconvenience_n xenophons_n advice_n be_v to_o provide_v horse_n as_o many_o as_o they_o can_v and_o hear_v that_o there_o be_v many_o rhodian_n in_o the_o camp_n skilful_a in_o sle_v who_o sling_n reach_v twice_o as_o far_o as_o the_o persian_a sling_n for_o the_o persian_n use_v stone_n that_o fill_v the_o hand_n the_o rhodian_n leaden_a bullet_n he_o likewise_o advise_v to_o arm_v they_o with_o sling_n and_o use_v their_o service_n the_o next_o day_n the_o grecian_n furnish_v out_o 50_o horse_n &_o 200._o slinger_n and_o when_o mithridates_n show_v himself_o again_o with_o a_o thousand_o horse_n &_o four_o thousand_o archer_n &_o slinger_n and_o come_v up_o to_o charge_n both_o the_o rhodian_a bullet_n light_v amongst_o his_o troop_n and_o the_o 50_o horse_n issue_v forth_o fall_v upon_o the_o enemy_n and_o put_v he_o to_o flight_n and_o slay_v manâ—_n of_o the_o foot_n in_o the_o chase_n and_o take_v eighteen_o horse_n we_o may_v here_o note_v two_o kind_n of_o slinge_n one_o with_o the_o stone_n the_o other_o with_o the_o bullet_n and_o beside_o that_o the_o rhodian_a sling_n with_o the_o bullet_n overreach_v both_o cretan_a and_o persian_a bow_n which_o be_v yet_o afterward_o more_o plain_o declare_v c_o when_o tissaphernes_n charge_v the_o grecian_n with_o his_o persian_a archer_n the_o rhodian_a slinge_n so_o terrify_v he_o that_o both_o himself_o and_o his_o troop_n with_o draw_v and_o allbut_n he_o follow_v a_o far_o of_o yet_o dare_v he_o no_o more_o approache_v but_o suffer_v they_o quiety_n to_o march_v all_o that_o day_n and_o many_o other_o afterward_o in_o this_o art_n of_o sle_v although_o many_o nation_n labour_v yet_o be_v there_o very_a few_o that_o excel_v the_o 16_o bible_n make_v mention_n of_o seven_o hundred_o gybeonite_n who_o skill_n be_v excellent_a in_o slâ—nging_v of_o other_o nation_n none_o may_v compare_v with_o the_o 207_o baleares_n of_o who_o diodorus_n siculus_n write_v thus_o their_o armour_n be_v three_o slinge_n whereof_o they_o have_v one_o about_o their_o head_n another_o about_o their_o waste_n the_o three_o in_o their_o hand_n in_o war_n they_o cast_v great_a stone_n than_o any_o other_o and_o with_o such_o force_n that_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v send_v out_o of_o a_o catapult_n therefore_o in_o siege_n and_o assault_n of_o city_n they_o wound_v the_o defendant_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o in_o the_o field_n break_v target_n and_o headpiece_n and_o all_o defensive_a arm_n they_o aim_v so_o certeine_o at_o any_o mark_n that_o they_o seldom_o fail_v in_o hit_v the_o cause_n be_v their_o continual_a practice_n from_o their_o childhode_n their_o mother_n continual_o enforce_v they_o to_o sling_v even_o when_o they_o be_v yet_o child_n for_o set_v up_o bread_n upon_o a_o post_n as_o a_o 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he_o it_o come_v to_o the_o indian_n who_o use_v it_o altogether_o as_o 372._o curtius_n note_v in_o the_o battle_n betwixt_o king_n alexander_n the_o great_a and_o porus._n the_o drum_n of_o parthian_n be_v describe_v by_o crasso_fw-la plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o crassus_n and_o by_o d._n appian_n 113._o and_o leo_n say_v the_o saracen_n who_o invade_v christendom_n and_o infect_v the_o turk_n with_o their_o superstition_n order_v their_o fight_n by_o the_o drum_n from_o this_o eastern_a asiaticall_a people_n it_o be_v bring_v into_o europe_n and_o now_o the_o general_a custom_n be_v among_o stall_n european_a nation_n that_o the_o foot_n have_v drum_n in_o the_o field_n the_o horse_n trumpet_n and_o
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at_o on_o time_n 500_o elephant_n the_o name_n of_o military_a motion_n express_v in_o this_o book_n chap._n xxiv_o thus_o have_v we_o set_v down_o in_o particular_a the_o kind_n of_o perfect_a force_n together_o with_o the_o several_a name_n of_o every_o body_n which_o be_v premise_v it_o seem_v cap_n 25_o 〈…〉_z face_n turn_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o front_n câ—â—s_n or_o one_o turn_v of_o face_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o front_n the_o first_o stand_v the_o front_n fit_a to_o deliver_v the_o word_n of_o exercise_n that_o when_o the_o commander_n shall_v will_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v the_o soldier_n in_o daily_a experience_n acquaint_v before_o with_o the_o signification_n of_o every_o of_o they_o and_o with_o the_o move_n in_o each_o figure_n may_v easy_o perform_v and_o execute_v whatsoever_o be_v command_v there_o be_v a_o motion_n call_v clisis_fw-la whereof_o one_o kind_n be_v to_o the_o pike_n the_o other_o to_o the_o target_n another_o be_v call_v metabole_n 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the_o right_a hand_n 2_o ecperispasmos_n i_o can_v never_o hitherto_o conceive_v any_o use_n of_o a_o treble_a wheel_a for_o so_o aelian_n take_v the_o word_n unless_o a_o perispasmos_n be_v first_o make_v and_o the_o battle_n have_v the_o front_n already_o bring_v to_o the_o rear_n and_o so_o a_o epistrophe_n add_v from_o the_o rear_n to_o the_o same_o hand_n otherwise_o see_v that_o one_o wheel_v be_v soon_o make_v than_o two_o and_o therefore_o soon_o than_o three_o i_o see_v no_o need_n of_o three_o wheeling_n especial_o see_v we_o may_v do_v that_o we_o desire_v with_o one_o for_o example_n let_v we_o wheel_v our_o battle_n thrice_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o front_n will_v come_v to_o be_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o left_a flank_n the_o same_o will_v be_v perform_v as_o well_o with_o one_o wheel_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n et_fw-la frustra_fw-la fit_a per_fw-la plura_fw-la quod_fw-la potest_fw-la fieri_fw-la per_fw-la pauciora_fw-la especial_o in_o matter_n of_o war_n 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themselves_o lineal_o after_o they_o observe_v their_o first_o distance_n divide_v your_o file_n and_o double_v they_o by_o countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n half_n the_o file_n divide_v themselves_o from_o the_o other_o half_a and_o countermarch_n out_o behind_o the_o rear_n then_o turn_v their_o face_n towards_o the_o place_n behind_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o stand_a file_n which_o remove_v not_o then_o march_v on_o and_o place_n themselves_o orderly_o behind_o they_o file_n to_o file_v then_o turn_v their_o face_n as_o at_o first_o double_v the_o depth_n in_o place_n rank_n open_v behind_o to_o your_o open_a order_n the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n the_o deep_a phalange_n or_o hearse_n and_o the_o uneven-fronted_n phalange_n chap._n xxx_o plagiophalanx_n or_o the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n be_v that_o which_o have_v the_o length_n much_o exceed_v the_o depth_n orthiophalanx_n or_o the_o deep_a phalange_n common_o call_v the_o hearse_n be_v that_o which_o procee_v by_o wing_n have_v the_o depth_n much_o exceed_v the_o length_n in_o general_a speech_n every_o thing_n be_v call_v parameke_n which_o have_v length_n more_o than_o the_o depth_n and_o that_o which_o have_v the_o depth_n more_o than_o the_o length_n orthion_n and_o so_o likewise_o a_o phalange_n the_o phalange_n loxe_n or_o uneven_a front_a be_v that_o which_o put_v forth_o one_o of_o the_o wing_n which_o be_v think_v fit_a towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o with_o it_o beginning_n the_o fight_n hold_v off_o the_o other_o in_o a_o convenient_a distance_n till_o opportunity_n be_v to_o advance_v of_o parembole_n protaxis_fw-la epitaxis_fw-la prostaxis_fw-la eutaxis_fw-la &_o hypotaxis_fw-la chap._n xxxi_o parembole_n or_o insertion_n be_v when_o place_v soldier_n before_o we_o take_v off_o the_o hindmost_a and_o rank_n they_o within_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o first_o protaxis_fw-la or_o fore-fronting_a be_v when_o we_o place_v the_o lightarmed_n before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o arm_a and_o make_v they_o forestander_n as_o the_o fileleader_n be_v when_o we_o place_v the_o lightarmed_n behind_o it_o be_v call_v epitaxis_fw-la as_o it_o be_v a_o after-placing_a prostaxis_fw-la or_o adjoin_v be_v when_o to_o both_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n or_o to_o one_o flank_n some_o part_n of_o the_o hindmost_a be_v add_v the_o front_n of_o they_o that_o be_v add_v lie_v even_o with_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n such_o addition_n be_v call_v prostaxis_fw-la entaxis_fw-la or_o insition_n be_v when_o it_o seem_v good_a to_o set_v the_o lightarmed_n within_o the_o space_n of_o the_o file_n of_o the_o phalange_n man_n to_o man_n hypotaxis_fw-la or_o double-winging_a be_v when_o you_o bestow_v the_o lightarmed_n under_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o phalange_n place_v they_o in_o a_o embow_v form_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a figure_n resemble_v a_o
thus_o to_o your_o pike_n turn_v your_o face_n that_o be_v we_o ought_v to_o set_v the_o particular_a before_o and_o then_o infer_v the_o general_a like_a reason_n be_v if_o you_o say_v turn_v about_o your_o face_n or_o countermarch_n for_o these_o be_v also_o general_a word_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o set_v the_o particular_a before_o as_o to_o the_o pike_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o or_o to_o the_o target_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o likewise_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_n not_o the_o countermarch_v lacedaemonian_a for_o if_o you_o place_v the_o word_n countermarch_v first_o some_o of_o the_o soldier_n will_v happy_o fall_v to_o one_o kind_n other_o to_o another_o kind_n of_o countermarch_v for_o which_o cause_n word_n of_o double_a sense_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v and_o the_o special_a to_o be_v set_v before_o the_o general_a of_o silence_n to_o be_v use_v by_o soldier_n chap._n liii_o but_o above_o all_o thing_n silence_n be_v to_o be_v command_v and_o that_o beed_o be_v give_v to_o direction_n as_o homer_n special_o signify_v in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o grecian_a and_o trojan_a fight_n the_o skilful_a cheeftaines_a press_v on_o guide_v with_o careful_a eye_n their_o arm_a troop_n who_o follow_v their_o leader_n silent_o you_o sure_o will_v have_v deem_v each_o one_o of_o all_o that_o mighty_a throng_n have_v be_v bereave_v of_o speech_n so_o bride_n lead_v he_o his_o heedful_a tongue_n fear_v the_o dread_a commander_n check_v and_o awful_a hest's_n among_o thus_o march_v the_o greek_n in_o silence_n breathe_v flame_n of_o high_a desire_n and_o fervent_a zeal_n to_o back_o their_o friend_n on_o foe_n to_o wreak_v their_o ire_n as_o for_o the_o disorder_n of_o the_o barbarian_n he_o resemble_v it_o to_o bird_n say_v as_o shoal_n of_o foul_a goose_n crane_n and_o swan_n with_o neck_n far_o stretch_v out_o which_o in_o the_o slimy_a fen_n caïster_v wind_a stream_n about_o sheare_n here_o and_o there_o the_o liquid_a sky_n 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face_n to_o the_o pike_n move_v a_o little_a further_o stand_v so_o as_o you_o be_v 25._o face_n to_o the_o target_n move_v a_o little_a further_o stand_v so_o 25._o face_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n move_v a_o little_a further_o stand_v so_o 29._o double_o your_o depth_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 29._o double_o your_o length_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 28._o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 28._o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 28._o the_o choraan_n countermarch_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 26._o battle_n wheel_n to_o the_o pike_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n 26._o battle_n wheel_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n to_o your_o first_o posture_n these_o precept_n of_o the_o art_n tacticke_n most_o invincible_a caesar_n i_o have_v lay_v out_o to_o your_o majesty_n which_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n of_o safety_n to_o such_o as_o shall_v use_v they_o and_o of_o â—he_n overthrow_n of_o their_o enemy_n the_o exercise_n of_o the_o english_a in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o high_a and_o mighty_a lord_n the_o lord_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o the_o low_a country_n the_o soldier_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o kind_n foot_n and_o horse_n the_o foot_n again_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n pikeman_n and_o musketeer_n pikeman_n be_v arm_v with_o a_o head-piece_n a_o cuirass_n and_o tase_n defensive_a and_o with_o a_o pike_n of_o fifteen_o foot_n long_o and_o a_o rapier_n offen_n sieve_n the_o armour_n be_v all_o iron_n the_o pike_n of_o ashen_n wood_n for_o the_o steal_v and_o at_o the_o upper_a end_n a_o iron_n head_n of_o about_o a_o handful_n long_o with_o cheek_n about_o the_o length_n of_o two_o foot_n and_o at_o the_o butt-end_n a_o round_a strong_a socket_n of_o iron_n end_v in_o a_o pike_n that_o be_v blunt_a yet_o sharp_a enough_o to_o fix_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o form_n thereof_o be_v express_v in_o the_o grave_a figure_n the_o musketier_n have_v a_o head-piece_n for_o defence_n a_o musket_n the_o barrel_n of_o the_o length_n of_o 4_o foot_n the_o bear_v of_o 12_o bullet_n to_o the_o pound_n a_o bandelier_n to_o which_o be_v fasten_v a_o convenient_a number_n of_o charge_n for_o powder_n sometime_o as_o many_o as_o 15_o or_o 16_o a_o leather_n bag_n for_o bullet_n with_o a_o prune_a iron_n a_o rest_n for_o the_o musket_n with_o a_o iron_n fork_n on_o the_o upper_a end_n to_o support_v it_o in_o discharge_v and_o a_o pike_n on_o the_o nether_a end_n to_o stick_v into_o the_o ground_n last_o a_o rapier_n the_o figure_n of_o this_o armour_n also_o be_v here_o insert_v these_o soldier_n both_o pike-man_n and_o musketeer_n be_v divide_v into_o company_n and_o every_o company_n consist_v half_o of_o pike_n half_a musketeer_n the_o company_n be_v some_o more_o in_o number_n some_o less_o some_o reach_n to_o 300_o man_n some_o 200_o some_o 100_o some_o 90_o some_o 80_o some_o 70._o every_o company_n have_v these_o officer_n of_o the_o field_n a_o captain_n a_o lieutenant_n a_o ensign_n 2_o sergeant_n 3_o corporal_n two_o drum_n and_o for_o other_o use_v a_o clerk_n a_o surgeon_n and_o a_o provost_n company_n be_v compact_v into_o regiment_n and_o the_o regiment_n command_v by_o colonel_n regiment_n contain_v not_o always_o a_o like_a number_n of_o company_n some_o have_v 10_o some_z 11_o 12_o 13_o 14_o 15_o some_o 30_o company_n and_o above_o in_o every_o regiment_n be_v a_o colonel_n a_o lieutenant_n colonel_n a_o sergeant_n maior_n all_o officer_n of_o the_o field_n a_o quartermaster_n and_o a_o provost-martiall_a for_o other_o employment_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v great_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o mention_v high_a officer_n than_o colonel_n my_o principal_a intent_n be_v no_o other_o then_o to_o set_v down_o the_o arm_n and_o exercise_n of_o our_o nation_n in_o the_o say_v unite_v province_n their_o arm_n be_v speak_v of_o their_o exercise_n follow_v first_o both_o pike_n and_o musket_n be_v order_v into_o file_n of_o 10_o deep_a the_o musketeer_n be_v sometime_o place_v before_o sometime_o in_o flank_n sometime_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o pike_n to_o exercise_v the_o motion_n there_o be_v two_o distance_n to_o be_v observe_v the_o first_o be_v when_o every_o one_o be_v distant_a from_o his_o fellow_n 6_o foot_n square_a that_o be_v in_o file_n and_o rank_n 6._o the_o second_o be_v when_o every_o soldier_n be_v 3_o foot_n distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o aswell_o in_o file_n as_o in_o rank_n and_o because_o the_o measure_n of_o such_o distance_n can_v be_v take_v so_o just_o by_o the_o eye_n the_o distance_n of_o 6_o foot_n betwixt_o the_o file_n be_v measure_v when_o the_o soldier_n stretch_v out_o their_o arm_n do_v touch_v one_o a_o other_o hand_n and_o betwixt_o the_o rank_n when_o the_o end_n of_o their_o pike_n come_v well_o nigh_o to_o the_o heel_n of_o they_o that_o march_v before_o and_o the_o measure_n of_o 3_o foot_n betwixt_o the_o file_n be_v when_o their_o elbow_n touch_v one_o another_o betwixt_o the_o rank_n when_o they_o come_v to_o touch_v the_o end_n of_o one_o another_o rapier_n for_o to_o march_v in_o the_o field_n the_o distance_n of_o 3_o foot_n from_o file_n to_o file_n be_v keep_v and_o of_o 6_o foot_n from_o rank_n to_o rank_n to_o order_v themselves_o in_o battle_n as_o also_o to_o go_v towards_o the_o enemy_n the_o distance_n of_o 3_o foot_n in_o file_n and_o rank_n be_v observe_v and_o likewise_o to_o conversion_n or_o wheel_a the_o musquettier_n also_o go_v for_o to_o shoot_v by_o rank_n keep_v the_o same_o distance_n of_o 3_o foot_n but_o go_v to_o skirmish_n they_o go_v a_o la_fw-fr disbandade_fw-mi which_o be_v out_o of_o order_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o sort_n of_o distance_n which_o be_v not_o use_v but_o for_o to_o receive_v the_o enemy_n with_o a_o firm_a stand_n
command_n may_v be_v these_o for_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n fileleader_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n of_o every_o file_n pass_v through_o in_o order_n one_o after_o another_o and_o place_n yourselves_o at_o your_o distance_n after_o your_o leader_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o and_o so_o stand_v for_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n the_o first_o manner_n bringers-up_a turn_v your_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n turn_v your_o face_n about_o and_o beginning_n at_o they_o that_o be_v next_o to_o the_o bringers-up_a countermarch_n and_o place_n yourselves_o in_o your_o distance_n before_o the_o bringers-up_a and_o one_o before_o a_o other_o till_o the_o fileleader_n be_v first_o the_o second_o manner_n fileleader_n countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o let_v every_o man_n file_n follow_v he_o and_o keep_v true_a distance_n for_o the_o choraean_a countermarch_n by_o file_n fileleader_n countermarch_n to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o bringers-up_a and_o stand_v and_o let_v your_o file_n follow_v you_o keep_v their_o distance_n for_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n by_o rank_n the_o right_a or_o left_a hand_n corner_n file_n turn_v your_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n the_o rest_n of_o each_o rank_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o place_n yourselves_o orderly_o behind_o your_o sideman_n keep_v your_o distance_n cap_n 29_o dobling_n of_o rank_n the_o front_n before_o dobling_n of_o rank_n dobling_n of_o rank_n in_o action_n the_o front_n after_o dobling_n of_o rank_n for_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_n by_o rank_n the_o first_o manner_n the_o corner_n file_n where_o the_o enemy_n appear_v turn_v your_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n of_o each_o rank_n turn_v your_o face_n and_o pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o place_n yourselves_o before_o your_o sideman_n orderly_o keep_v your_o distance_n the_o second_o manner_n the_o right_a or_o left_a wing_n where_o the_o enemy_n appear_v not_o countermarch_n to_o the_o contrary_a wing_n and_o all_o in_o the_o rank_n follow_v every_o man_n his_o side-man_n keep_v your_o distance_n for_o the_o choraean_a countermarch_n by_o rank_n the_o uttermost_a corner_n file_v of_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v wing_n countermarch_n into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o left_a or_o right_a wing_n and_o stand_v and_o the_o rest_n follow_v ranke-wise_a keep_v their_o distance_n of_o double_v and_o the_o kind_n thereof_o chap._n xxix_o 1_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o double_v one_o of_o rank_n the_o other_o of_o depth_n or_o file_n and_o 2_o either_o of_o these_o double_a the_o number_n or_o the_o place_n 3_o the_o length_n be_v double_v in_o number_n when_o of_o a_o front_n of_o 124_o file_n we_o make_v a_o front_n keep_v the_o same_o ground_n of_o 248_o file_n by_o insert_v in_o the_o space_n betwixt_o file_n and_o file_n some_o of_o the_o follower_n that_o stand_v in_o the_o depth_n this_o be_v do_v to_o the_o end_n to_o thicken_v the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n if_o we_o lift_v to_o recall_v they_o to_o their_o first_o posture_n we_o be_v to_o command_v those_o that_o be_v insert_v to_o countermarch_n to_o the_o place_n they_o have_v before_o 4_o there_o be_v that_o mislike_v these_o doubling_n especial_o the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n and_o will_v have_v a_o show_n of_o double_v make_v without_o indeed_o double_v the_o phalange_n already_o order_v by_o stretch_v out_o the_o lightarmed_n and_o the_o horse_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o battle_n 5_o the_o use_n of_o double_v the_o length_n be_v when_o either_o we_o will_v over-wing_n the_o enemy_n or_o else_o ourselves_o fear_v to_o be_v over-winged_n the_o depth_n be_v double_v 6_o by_o insert_v the_o second_o file_n into_o the_o first_o so_o that_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o second_o file_n be_v place_v next_o behind_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o file_n and_o the_o second_o man_n of_o the_o second_o file_n be_v the_o four_o man_n of_o the_o first_o file_n and_o the_o three_o man_n of_o the_o second_o file_n be_v the_o six_o in_o the_o first_o file_n and_o so_o forth_o the_o rest_n till_o the_o whole_a second_o file_n be_v ingross_v into_o the_o first_o and_o likewise_o the_o four_o file_n into_o the_o three_o and_o all_o the_o even_a file_n into_o the_o odd_a doubâ—ing_v of_o the_o depth_n by_o countermarch_v be_v make_v either_o when_o the_o next_o side-file_n in_o several_a as_o in_o the_o former_a example_n the_o second_o and_o the_o four_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o even_a file_n countermarch_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o place_n themselves_o behind_o the_o bringers-up_a of_o the_o odd_a file_n or_o else_o the_o file_n remain_v in_o their_o first_o place_n and_o number_n half_a of_o they_o divide_v themselves_o from_o the_o other_o half_a countermarch_n likewise_o to_o the_o rear_n and_o convey_v themselves_o behind_o the_o other_o there_o order_n themselves_o and_o so_o double_a the_o depth_n of_o the_o phalange_n if_o we_o will_v return_v they_o to_o the_o first_o posture_n we_o must_v recall_v those_o that_o be_v convey_v to_o stand_v behind_o to_o the_o place_n they_o have_v before_o the_o countermarch_v note_n the_o former_a three_o motion_n alter_v not_o the_o form_n of_o the_o phalange_n for_o whether_o you_o turn_v face_n wheel_a or_o countermarch_v the_o phalange_n the_o depth_n and_o length_n remain_v one_o the_o motion_n to_o be_v express_v in_o this_o chapter_n induce_v a_o other_o shape_n to_o the_o phalange_n and_o make_v it_o seem_v a_o different_a body_n from_o that_o it_o be_v before_o be_v by_o double_v extend_v either_o in_o length_n or_o in_o depth_n for_o double_v the_o number_n of_o man_n or_o the_o place_n of_o the_o phalange_n in_o front_n make_v the_o length_n twice_o as_o much_o and_o double_v the_o same_o in_o flank_n make_v the_o depth_n double_a to_o that_o it_o be_v before_o for_o double_v be_v nothing_o else_o then_o make_v a_o military_a body_n twice_o as_o long_o or_o twice_o as_o deep_o as_o it_o be_v before_o 1_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o double_v the_o doubling_n be_v either_o of_o length_n or_o depth_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o dipâ—asiasai_n suidas_n say_v of_o rank_n or_o file_n for_o rank_n stretch_v out_o in_o length_n file_n in_o depth_n and_o these_o again_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o other_o kind_n the_o body_n be_v 2_o double_v in_o number_n or_o place_n that_o which_o be_v here_o call_v number_n be_v call_v elsewhere_o person_n or_o dipâ—asiasai_n by_o suidas_n man_n it_o be_v call_v person_n in_o the_o insertion_n which_o be_v make_v to_o aelian_a i_o know_v not_o by_o who_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n of_o countermarche_n which_o because_o it_o lay_v thrust_v in_o betwixt_o the_o description_n of_o countermarche_n and_o nothing_o pertein_v to_o that_o argument_n i_o never_o make_v doubt_n be_v creep_v into_o the_o text_n and_o i_o be_o rather_o confirm_v in_o my_o opinion_n because_o i_o see_v it_o noteâ—_n with_o a_o asterisk_n in_o that_o aelian_a be_v of_o robortellus_n edition_n which_o the_o learned_a isaac_n casaubon_n have_v quote_v and_o purpose_v to_o set_v forth_o if_o untimely_a dâ—ath_n have_v not_o prevent_v he_o i_o will_v here_o set_v down_o the_o word_n because_o they_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o aelian_n and_o may_v give_v some_o light_n to_o the_o manner_n of_o double_v it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v so_o be_v the_o word_n â—hat_n a_o phalange_n be_v double_v in_o person_n or_o place_n when_o we_o therefore_o take_v half_a the_o soldier_n from_o the_o depth_n and_o make_v file_n of_o they_o place_v they_o even_o with_o the_o rest_n in_o length_n of_o the_o front_n so_o that_o of_o 124_o file_n we_o make_v 248_o this_o be_v double_v of_o person_n in_o like_a sort_n we_o double_v the_o place_n with_o 124_o file_n not_o increase_v the_o number_n but_o only_o command_v some_o to_o turn_v to_o the_o pike_n some_o to_o the_o target_n till_o the_o phalange_n be_v stretch_v out_o to_o a_o convenient_a length_n as_o from_o 5_o furlong_n to_o 10._o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v the_o depth_n double_v for_o either_o one_o file_n be_v insert_v into_o a_o other_o man_n for_o man_n so_o that_o the_o second_o file-leader_n become_v the_o follower_n of_o the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o man_n in_o the_o second_o file_n the_o follower_n of_o the_o second_o in_o the_o first_o file_n and_o so_o the_o rest_n or_o else_o 16_o man_n be_v so_o extend_v that_o they_o hold_v as_o much_o ground_n in_o length_n as_o 32_o usuallydoe_n so_o far_o the_o insertion_n it_o follow_v in_o aelian_n 3_o the_o length_n be_v double_v in_o
the_o distance_n require_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n face_n as_o you_o be_v close_o your_o hinder_a rank_n forward_o and_o order_v your_o pike_n restore_a to_o the_o first_o posture_n fileleader_n stand_v firm_a the_o other_o rank_n turn_v face_n about_o and_o open_v behind_o to_o the_o first_o distance_n face_n as_o you_o be_v the_o right-wing-corner-file_n stand_v firm_a the_o rest_n turn_v face_n to_o the_o target_n and_o proceed_v to_o your_o first_o distance_n face_n as_o you_o be_v and_o order_v your_o pike_n close_v to_o the_o left_a wing_n it_o differ_v not_o from_o the_o other_o but_o that_o the_o move_a be_v to_o the_o contrary_a hand_n close_v to_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o right-wing_n turn_v face_n to_o the_o target_n the_o left_a to_o the_o pike_n each_o move_v up_o to_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o phalange_n and_o stand_v at_o the_o distance_n name_v face_n as_o you_o be_v close_o the_o hinder_a rank_n forward_o and_o order_v your_o pike_n restore_a to_o the_o first_o posture_n the_o first_o rank_n stand_v firm_a the_o rest_n turn_v face_n about_o and_o open_v the_o rank_n to_o the_o first_o distance_n face_n as_o you_o be_v the_o file_n next_o the_o middle_a section_n stand_v fast_o and_o the_o right_a wing_n turn_v face_n to_o the_o target_n the_o left_a to_o the_o pike_n and_o move_v on_o till_o the_o first_o distance_n recover_v face_n as_o you_o be_v and_o order_v the_o pike_n we_o may_v not_o forget_v aelians_n general_a rule_n for_o turn_v of_o face_n out_o of_o closing_n that_o the_o pike_n be_v always_o advance_v for_o when_o you_o come_v up_o to_o the_o closeness_n require_v the_o pike_n upon_o the_o shoulder_n will_v hardly_o admit_v turn_v of_o the_o face_n the_o like_a fall_v out_o when_o you_o will_v open_v from_o the_o close_v the_o use_n and_o advantage_n of_o these_o exercise_n of_o arm_n chap._n xxxiv_o these_o precept_n of_o turn_v about_o of_o face_n of_o wheel_v and_o double_a wheel_a of_o the_o battle_n and_o of_o reduce_v it_o to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o sudden_a approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n whether_o he_o show_v himself_o on_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n or_o in_o front_n or_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o our_o march_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o countermarche_n of_o which_o the_o macedonian_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o the_o macedonian_a the_o lacedaemonian_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o for_o this_o cause_n either_o to_o have_v name_n according_o the_o history_n witness_v that_o philip_n who_o much_o enlarge_v the_o macedonian_a kingdom_n and_o overcome_v the_o grecian_n in_o battle_n at_o cheronea_n and_o make_v himself_o general_n of_o greece_n and_o likewise_o his_o son_n alexander_n that_o in_o short_a time_n conquer_v all_o asia_n make_v small_a account_n of_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n unless_o necessity_n force_v it_o and_o that_o they_o both_o by_o the_o use_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a become_v victorious_a over_o their_o enemy_n for_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n the_o enemy_n fall_v upon_o the_o rear_n be_v cause_n of_o great_a confusion_n in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o hindermost_a dismarch_v towards_o the_o front_n and_o make_v a_o show_n of_o run_v away_o it_o more_o encourage_v and_o embolden_v the_o enemy_n to_o follow_v for_o fear_v and_o pursuit_n of_o the_o enemy_n ordinary_o deny_v that_o kind_n of_o countermarch_n but_o the_o lacedaemonian_a be_v of_o contrary_a effect_n for_o when_o the_o enemy_n show_v himself_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o leader_n with_o their_o follower_n brave_o advance_v and_o oppose_v themselves_o it_o strike_v no_o small_a fear_n and_o terror_n into_o their_o mind_n cap._n 30_o the_o fileleader_n a_o deduction_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n a_o right_a induction_n the_o front_n a_o deduction_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n cap._n 36._o the_o coelembolos_fw-la or_o hollow_a front_a wedge_n the_o front_n the_o right_a induction_n cap._n 36._o the_o coelembolos_fw-la the_o left_a wing_n the_o right_a wing_n the_o front_n the_o phalange_n set_v against_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o coelembolos_fw-la the_o phalange_n set_v against_o the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o coelmebolos_fw-la the_o forbear_n phalange_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o direction_n that_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o army_n and_o their_o soverall_a kind_n chap._n xxxv_o we_o be_v to_o acquaint_v our_o force_n both_o foot_n and_o horse_n partly_o with_o the_o voice_n and_o partly_o with_o visible_a sign_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v fit_v be_v execute_v and_o do_v as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v some_o thing_n also_o be_v to_o be_v denounce_v by_o the_o trumpet_n for_o so_o all_o direction_n will_v be_v full_o accomplish_v and_o sort_n to_o a_o desire_a effect_n the_o sign_n therefore_o which_o be_v deliver_v by_o voice_n be_v most_o evident_a and_o clear_a if_o they_o have_v no_o impediment_n but_o the_o most_o certain_a and_o least_o tumultuous_a be_v such_o as_o be_v present_v to_o the_o eye_n if_o they_o be_v not_o obscure_v the_o voice_n sometime_o can_v hardly_o be_v hear_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o clash_n of_o armour_n or_o trample_v and_o neigh_v of_o horse_n or_o tumult_n of_o carriage_n or_o noise_n and_o confuse_a sound_n of_o the_o multitude_n the_o visible_a sign_n also_o become_v many_o way_n incertain_a by_o thickness_n of_o air_n and_o dust_n or_o rain_n or_o snow_n or_o sunshine_n or_o else_o through_o ground_n that_o be_v uneven_a or_o full_a of_o tree_n or_o of_o turn_n and_o sometime_o it_o will_v not_o be_v easy_a to_o find_v out_o sign_n for_o all_o use_n occasion_n eftsoon_o present_v new_a matter_n to_o the_o which_o a_o man_n be_v not_o accustom_v yet_o can_v it_o not_o fall_v out_o that_o either_o by_o voice_n or_o by_o signal_n we_o shall_v not_o give_v certain_a and_o sure_a direction_n of_o march_v and_o of_o diverse_a kind_n of_o battle_n fit_a for_o a_o march_n and_o first_o of_o the_o right-induction_n of_o the_o coelembolos_fw-la and_o the_o triphalange_n to_o be_v oppose_v against_o it_o chap._n xxxvi_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o march_v i_o will_v first_o give_v to_o understand_v that_o some_o kind_n of_o march_n be_v a_o right-induction_n other_o some_o a_o deduction_n on_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n and_o that_o in_o a_o single_a or_o double_a or_o treble_a or_o quadruple-sided-battaile_n in_o a_o single_a when_o one_o enemy_n be_v fear_v in_o a_o double_a when_o two_o in_o a_o treble_a when_o three_o in_o a_o quadruple_a when_o the_o enemy_n purpose_v to_o give_v on_o on_o all_o side_n therefore_o the_o march_n be_v undertake_v sometime_o in_o a_o single_a phalange_n sometime_o in_o a_o twofold_a phalange_n or_o else_o in_o a_o threefold_a phalange_n or_o in_o a_o fourfold_a phalange_n a_o right-induction_n be_v when_o one_o body_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n follow_v another_o as_o if_o a_o xenagy_a lead_n and_o the_o rest_n follow_v xenage-wise_a or_o a_o tetrarchy_n lead_v and_o the_o rest_n follow_v according_a to_o that_o form_n it_o be_v so_o call_v when_o the_o march_n stretch_v itself_o out_o into_o a_o wing_n have_v the_o depth_n much_o exceed_v the_o length_n against_o it_o be_v oppose_v the_o wedge_n coelembolos_fw-la which_o be_v frame_v when_o the_o antistomos_n phalange_n diphalange_n disjoin_v the_o leading-wing_n close_v the_o rear_n in_o manner_n of_o the_o letter_n v_o as_o the_o figure_n after_o place_v do_v teach_v in_o which_o the_o front_n be_v dissever_v &_o the_o rear_v join_v and_o knit_v together_o for_o the_o right-induction_n point_v at_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o enemy_n battle_n the_o coelembolos_fw-la quick_o open_v before_o serve_v both_o to_o frustrate_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o front_n and_o to_o clasp_v in_o and_o circumvent_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o right-induction_n furthermore_o a_o phalange_n triphalange_n be_v to_o be_v set_v against_o the_o coelembolos_fw-la one_o phalange_n fight_v against_o one_o wing_n of_o the_o coelembolos_fw-la the_o second_o against_o the_o other_o and_o the_o middle_n and_o three_o forbear_v and_o expect_v a_o time_n fit_a to_o charge_v of_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n chap._n xxxvii_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n be_v when_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v in_o a_o wing_n not_o by_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n have_v the_o commander_n or_o fileleader_n either_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n which_o be_v call_v a_o right-hand-deduction_n or_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n which_o be_v call_v a_o left-hand_a deduction_n for_o the_o phalange_n march_v in_o a_o double_a treble_a or_o quadruple-side_n accornd_v to_o the_o place_n and_o part_n it_o be_v suspect_v the_o enemy_n will_v give_v on_o and_o both_o the_o paragogy_n begin_v the_o fight_n in_o flank_n do_v make_v the_o length_n double_a to_o the_o depth_n this_o form_n of_o fight_n be_v devise_v to_o teach_v a_o soldier_n to_o receive_v heedful_o the_o charge_n of_o