the_o most_o curious_a thing_n which_o medal_n teach_v we_o by_o their_o legend_n be_v the_o different_a title_n the_o emperor_n assume_v as_o they_o find_v their_o power_n more_o or_o less_o establish_v julius_n caesar_n never_o dare_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n of_o king_n or_o lord_n but_o be_v content_a with_o that_o of_o imperator_n dictator_n perpetuus_fw-la pater_fw-la patriae_fw-la patria_fw-la his_o successor_n draw_v to_o themselves_o by_o degree_n as_o it_o be_v infensible_o the_o power_n of_o all_o office_n we_o see_v they_o sovereign_a pontiff_n tribune_n consul_n proconsul_n censor_n augur_n etc._n etc._n i_o only_o speak_v of_o magistracy_n for_o as_o for_o title_n they_o become_v arbitrary_a and_o the_o people_n be_v by_o little_a and_o little_o accustom_v to_o servitude_n they_o suffer_v their_o sovereign_n to_o take_v what_o name_n he_o think_v fit_a even_o those_o of_o the_o god_n witness_n hercules_n romanus_n for_o commodus_n sol_fw-la dominus_fw-la 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n._n c._n domino_fw-la nostro_fw-la caesari_n aemiliano_n fortissimo_fw-la principi_fw-la m._n morel_n have_v tell_v i_o that_o this_o medal_n be_v false_a and_o counterfeit_a and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o maximian_n disguise_v into_o a_o aemilian_a so_o that_o this_o title_n must_v be_v refer_v to_o aurelian_a for_o who_o be_v coin_v a_o medal_n deo_fw-la &_o domino_fw-la nato_fw-la aureliano_n but_o from_o that_o time_n we_o find_v none_o till_o we_o come_v to_o deo_fw-la &_o domino_fw-la caro._n at_o last_o it_o become_v common_a to_o all_o the_o emperor_n till_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o empire_n when_o the_o eastern_a emperor_n take_v upon_o they_o the_o name_n of_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n βαϲιλευϲ_n Ïωμαιων_fw-gr except_o those_o who_o piety_n will_v neither_o let_v they_o set_v their_o head_n nor_o their_o name_n upon_o their_o medal_n but_o only_o that_o of_o jesus_n christ_n with_o this_o legend_n jesus_n christus_fw-la basileus_n basileon_n and_o zemisces_n be_v the_o first_o that_o do_v so_o some_o of_o his_o successor_n follow_v he_o but_o several_a of_o they_o will_v have_v no_o other_o reverse_n than_o the_o image_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n st._n george_n or_o some_o other_o saint_n despota_fw-la i_o must_v not_o forget_v here_o the_o name_n of_o δεϲποτηϲ_n which_o the_o latter_a emperor_n of_o constantinople_n be_v very_o fond_a of_o it_o be_v a_o greek_a word_n and_o in_o its_o original_n signify_v the_o same_o as_o the_o latin_a word_n herus_fw-la and_o in_o our_o language_n master_n with_o respect_n to_o servant_n it_o be_v in_o a_o little_a time_n make_v to_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n the_o latin_n express_v by_o the_o name_n of_o caesar_n compare_v to_o that_o of_o augustus_n βαϲιλευϲ_n answer_v augustus_n and_o δεϲποτηϲ_n caesar_n thus_o nicephorus_n have_v cause_v his_o son_n stauracius_n to_o be_v crown_v he_o will_v only_o take_v the_o name_n δεϲποτηϲ_n leave_v to_o his_o father_n through_o respect_n that_o of_o βαϲιλευϲ_n 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delicate_a sort_n of_o marble_n spot_v with_o white_a upon_o a_o red_a ground_n and_o be_v design_v for_o the_o lie_v in_o of_o the_o empress_n who_o child_n bear_v in_o that_o honour_n be_v so_o call_v it_o may_v easy_o be_v say_v here_o that_o the_o greek_n give_v sometime_o the_o name_n of_o βαϲιλευϲ_n to_o the_o caesar_n though_o in_o latin_a they_o will_v never_o suffer_v that_o of_o rex_fw-la witness_v the_o medal_n of_o caracalla_n the_o young_a medal_n αντωνεινοϲ_n βαϲιλευϲ_n nevertheless_o we_o have_v a_o hanniballianus_n that_o constantine_n cause_v to_o be_v call_v rex_fw-la m._n spanhemius_fw-la tell_v we_o of_o some_o medal_n of_o the_o greâ—ian_a king_n on_o which_o be_v find_v both_o together_o βαϲιλεωϲ_n αυτοκÏατοÏοϲ_n one_o of_o triphon_n and_o another_o of_o tigranes_n he_o cite_v also_o among_o the_o emperor_n one_o of_o caius_n γαιοϲ_n καιϲαÏ_n θεοϲ_n αυτοκÏατωÏ_n which_o be_v a_o most_o shameful_a piece_n of_o flattery_n goltzius_n mention_n two_o medal_n where_o nero_n be_v style_v patron_n πατÏων_fw-gr νεÏων_fw-gr πατÏων_fw-gr νεÏωνι_n πατÏωνι_n the_o samian_o honour_a severus_n two_o son_n with_o the_o name_n of_o the_o new_a sun_n νεοι_n ηλιοι_n look_v upon_o they_o as_o favourable_a star_n that_o promise_v the_o empire_n a_o new_a lustre_n it_o be_v the_o same_o medal_n that_o be_v so_o ill_o describe_v to_o occo_n that_o he_o have_v put_v it_o down_o νεογηλεοϲ_n senioâ—_n the_o name_n senior_n be_v find_v in_o the_o low_a empire_n with_o that_o of_o dominus_fw-la in_o the_o sense_n that_o we_o say_v lord_n and_o master_n but_o without_o concern_v myself_o with_o the_o question_n whether_o the_o french_a seigneur_n come_v from_o the_o latin_a senior_n i_o be_o oblige_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o on_o the_o medal_n of_o dioclesian_n and_o maximian_n which_o be_v the_o only_a one_o upon_o which_o i_o have_v see_v it_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o pater_n and_o this_o respectful_a term_n be_v make_v use_n of_o by_o the_o caesar_n who_o they_o have_v so_o raise_v to_o govern_v the_o empire_n and_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o because_o we_o always_o find_v it_o in_o the_o dative_n case_n d._n n._n diocletiano_n fâ—licissimo_fw-la seniori_fw-la augusto_fw-la a_o title_n which_o they_o retain_v to_o themselves_o even_o after_o they_o have_v quit_v the_o empire_n witness_v the_o second_o law_n of_o the_o theodosian_a code_n de_fw-fr censu_fw-la when_o constantine_n and_o licinius_n speak_v of_o diâ—cletian_a call_v he_o dominum_fw-la &_o parentem_fw-la nostrum_fw-la seniorem_fw-la augustum_fw-la caesar_n philip_n the_o young_a before_o he_o be_v call_v augustus_n have_v the_o title_n of_o nobilis_fw-la caesar_n which_o be_v continue_v after_o he_o on_o the_o emperor_n son_n that_o be_v not_o associate_v to_o the_o empire_n or_o on_o those_o to_o who_o the_o emperor_n commit_v the_o government_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o diocletian_a who_o createâ—_n four_o caesar_n constantius_n maximin_n seven_o and_o maximian_n who_o medal_n bear_v nobilâ—_fw-la caesar_n for_o as_o for_o the_o princeps_fw-la juventutis_fw-la juventutis_fw-la that_o be_v a_o title_n give_v â—_o the_o emperor_n son_n from_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n caius_z &_o lucius_n caesares_fw-la principes_fw-la juventutis_fw-la as_o for_o the_o name_n of_o caesar_n alone_o caesar_n distinct_a from_o that_o of_o augustus_n we_o find_v it_o after_o geta_n and_o caracalla_n the_o son_n of_o severus_n and_o his_o adopt_a son_n aelius_n and_o aurelius_n aelius_n seem_v to_o be_v absolute_o the_o first_o in_o who_o the_o name_n of_o caesar_n be_v divide_v from_o that_o of_o augustus_n flavius_n and_o as_o the_o name_n of_o caesar_n and_o augustus_n in_o the_o high_a empire_n be_v continue_v to_o the_o emperor_n for_o some_o age_n after_o to_o flatter_v and_o indulge_v their_o ambition_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v heir_n of_o the_o grandeur_n and_o noble_a quality_n of_o those_o two_o former_a emperor_n as_o well_o as_o of_o their_o name_n so_o in_o the_o constantinopolitan_a empire_n all_o prince_n be_v ambitious_a of_o the_o
no_o good_a reason_n can_v be_v give_v for_o it_o for_o it_o will_v always_o conclude_v either_o too_o much_o or_o too_o little_a too_o much_o if_o we_o will_v infer_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o s._n c._n aught_o to_o be_v upon_o all_o and_o too_o little_a if_o we_o will_v thence_o conclude_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v upon_o none_o and_o what_o can_v be_v say_v of_o the_o title_n that_o the_o mint-master_n take_v auro_fw-la argento_n aere_fw-la ff_n those_o of_o the_o senate_n nor_o even_o those_o of_o the_o emperor_n dare_v assume_v it_o it_o ought_v therefore_o to_o be_v show_v that_o they_o do_v actual_o change_v their_o style_n and_o to_o be_v able_a to_o set_v down_o distinct_o the_o time_n and_o reason_n thereof_o be_v what_o i_o be_o afraid_a will_v not_o be_v very_o easy_o perform_v 3._o medaillons_n be_v know_v by_o their_o size_n i_o mean_v by_o their_o thickness_n extent_n relief_n and_o largeness_n of_o the_o head_n so_o that_o if_o any_o of_o these_o quality_n be_v want_v it_o will_v only_o be_v a_o medal_n of_o the_o large_a copper_n this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o high_a empire_n for_o in_o the_o low_a when_o the_o medal_n have_v either_o more_o breadth_n or_o more_o relief_n than_o the_o common_a middle_a copper_n it_o be_v make_v to_o pass_v for_o a_o medaillon_n 4._o very_o few_o medaillons_n of_o silver_n be_v find_v coin_v in_o italy_n that_o weigh_v four_o drachm_n none_o but_o the_o greek_n general_o speak_v have_v give_v we_o medaillons_n of_o that_o bigness_n be_v they_o either_o of_o their_o city_n king_n or_o emperor_n m._n vaillant_n in_o his_o last_o work_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o hadrian_n of_o this_o same_o weight_n we_o have_v vespasian_n with_o the_o epocha_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o m._n patin_n give_v we_o medaillons_n of_o constantius_n and_o constans_n of_o a_o much_o large_a size_n though_o of_o a_o far_o less_o thickness_n in_o our_o king_n cabinet_n be_v a_o very_a fine_a verus_n of_o silver_n 5._o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o the_o colony_n ever_o coin_v medaillons_n and_o it_o be_v also_o very_o rare_a to_o find_v any_o of_o their_o large_a copper_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o septimius_n severus_n but_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o the_o middle_n and_o little_a copper_n be_v find_v which_o make_v up_o the_o beauty_n of_o those_o series_n of_o the_o medal_n of_o colony_n 1._o all_o colony_n be_v rare_a in_o comparison_n of_o ordinary_a medal_n though_o some_o of_o they_o be_v much_o more_o so_o than_o other_o both_o greek_a and_o latin_n their_o beauty_n consist_v either_o in_o their_o figure_n when_o they_o be_v historical_a and_o extraordinary_a or_o in_o the_o country_n when_o they_o be_v of_o some_o city_n that_o be_v but_o little_o know_v and_o by_o which_o some_o piece_n of_o the_o ancient_a geography_n may_v be_v learned_a or_o else_o when_o the_o dignity_n and_o office_n of_o they_o that_o coin_v they_o be_v particular_a 2._o when_o there_o be_v but_o one_o ox_n or_o two_o ox_n on_o the_o reverse_n with_o a_o priest_n guide_v the_o plough_n or_o only_o military_a ensign_n the_o medal_n pass_v for_o common_a however_o those_o that_o found_v the_o colony_n may_v be_v know_v by_o it_o for_o if_o there_o be_v but_o a_o plough_n then_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o only_o some_o of_o the_o people_n be_v send_v thither_o if_o only_a ensign_n it_o show_v that_o it_o be_v people_v by_o veteran_n soldier_n if_o both_o ensign_n and_o ox_n be_v find_v together_o then_o it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v both_o soldier_n and_o people_n be_v send_v thither_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o standard_n also_o teach_v we_o whether_o they_o be_v horse_n or_o foot_n and_o sometime_o even_o the_o legion_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n find_v write_v thereon_o example_n may_v be_v see_v at_o the_o first_o open_v of_o m._n vaillant_n book_n of_o colonies_n 3._o colony_n do_v most_o a_o end_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o he_o that_o found_v they_o and_o of_o he_o also_o that_o either_o fortify_v or_o reestablish_v they_o all_o that_o be_v call_v juliae_fw-la be_v found_v by_o julius_n caesar_n colonia_n julia_n berytus_n those_o that_o be_v name_v augustae_fw-la by_o augustus_n municipium_fw-la augusta_n bilbilis_n when_o they_o take_v both_o these_o name_n together_o julius_n found_v they_o and_o augustus_n either_o reinforce_v or_o repair_v they_o with_o new_a recruit_n colonia_n julia_n augusta_n detrosa_n when_o the_o name_n of_o augusta_n be_v before_o that_o of_o julia_n than_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o augustus_n repair_v that_o colony_n when_o it_o be_v in_o a_o ill_a state_n and_o condition_n yet_o this_o must_v not_o be_v understand_v so_o unless_o when_o the_o two_o name_n follow_v one_o another_o immediate_o for_o when_o any_o other_o word_n come_v between_o it_o be_v another_o thing_n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o art_n that_o we_o learn_v from_o m._n vaillant_n 24._o when_o he_o explain_v colonia_n julia_n concordia_n augusta_n apamaea_n we_o far_o learn_v from_o he_o that_o the_o colony_n send_v abroad_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o consul_n before_o the_o sovereign_a power_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n be_v call_v roman_a witness_n sinope_n in_o pontus_n in_o asia_n that_o coin_v a_o medal_n to_o gordian_a the_o young_a with_o these_o letter_n c._n r._n i._o f._n s._n colonia_n romana_n julia_n foelix_n sinope_n anno_fw-la cccviii_o the_o epocha_n mark_v the_o time_n when_o lucullus_n after_o he_o have_v beat_v mithridates_n give_v that_o city_n its_o liberty_n and_o make_v it_o a_o colony_n which_o julius_n caesar_n afterward_o considerable_o augment_v 4._o although_o there_o be_v colony_n in_o italy_n yet_o not_o one_o of_o they_o ever_o set_v the_o prince_n head_n upon_o their_o medal_n i_o have_v hear_v talk_n indeed_o of_o the_o medal_n of_o beneventum_n with_o the_o emperor_n head_n upon_o it_o but_o never_o see_v it_o beside_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o honour_n reserve_v to_o city_n that_o have_v a_o right_a to_o coin_v money_n and_o which_o the_o emperor_n will_v never_o grant_v to_o any_o city_n in_o this_o country_n this_o privilege_n of_o coin_v money_n be_v grant_v either_o by_o a_o permission_n from_o the_o senate_n alone_o or_o else_o by_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n together_o or_o by_o the_o emperor_n when_o it_o be_v obtain_v from_o the_o emperor_n they_o set_v upon_o their_o medal_n permissu_fw-la caesaris_fw-la after_o this_o manner_n sevill_n and_o corduba_n testify_v the_o favour_n augustus_n have_v do_v they_o colonia_n romulea_n permissu_fw-la divi_z augusti_fw-la colonia_n patricia_n permissu_fw-la augusti_fw-la several_a other_o have_v do_v the_o like_a when_o it_o be_v only_o from_o the_o senate_n they_o put_v s._n c._n even_o upon_o greek_a one_o and_o when_o it_o be_v from_o the_o roman_a people_n they_o also_o put_v δ._n ε._n this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o m._n vaillant_n he_o add_v that_o s._n r._n find_v upon_o some_o medal_n of_o antiochia_n in_o pisidia_n signify_v the_o same_o as_o s._n c._n in_o effect_n senatus_n rescripto_fw-la mean_v the_o same_o thing_n or_o simple_o senatus_n romanus_n however_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v we_o have_v some_o example_n for_o our_o entire_a satisfaction_n for_o what_o f._n hardovin_n have_v say_v in_o his_o discourse_n call_v antirrhetique_a to_o oppose_v this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o carry_v great_a weight_n nevertheless_o these_o singularity_n be_v not_o without_o example_n for_o without_o go_v from_o antioch_n we_o mention_v that_o be_v the_o only_a city_n of_o that_o name_n there_o be_v sixteen_o other_o which_o have_v always_o affect_v to_o use_v a_o latin_a legend_n colonia_n caesarea_n antiochensis_fw-la 5._o it_o be_v a_o common_a thing_n to_o find_v upon_o greek_a medal_n the_o name_n of_o city_n that_o enter_v into_o alliance_n one_o with_o another_o and_o mark_v their_o confederacy_n with_o the_o word_n omonoia_n as_o sardis_n and_o ephesus_n smyrna_n and_o pergamus_n perga_n and_o sida_n in_o pamphylia_n this_o be_v not_o meet_v with_o in_o other_o nation_n at_o least_o we_o see_v none_o of_o their_o medal_n 6._o among_o the_o colony_n those_o may_v be_v distinguish_v that_o have_v the_o right_n of_o roman_a citizen_n from_o those_o that_o only_o have_v the_o right_n of_o latium_n as_o all_o italy_n the_o right_n of_o citizen_n among_o other_o thing_n consist_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o stand_v for_o office_n of_o the_o state_n and_o to_o hold_v they_o as_o roman_a citizen_n the_o right_n of_o latium_n consist_v in_o pay_v no_o tribute_n and_o a_o power_n to_o serve_v in_o the_o roman_a legion_n the_o city_n that_o coin_v romulus_n and_o remus_n upon_o their_o medal_n suck_v the_o wolf_n have_v always_o the_o right_n of_o roman_a
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aurelius_n by_o antoninus_n etc._n etc._n or_o else_o these_o be_v person_n that_o never_o reign_v as_o drusus_n germanicus_n antoninus_n etc._n etc._n however_o a_o general_a rule_n must_v not_o be_v take_v from_o hence_o for_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o no_o body_n put_v on_o the_o crown_n before_o he_o reign_v simple_a caesar_n might_n be_v show_v we_o that_o be_v crown_v with_o laurel_n or_o adorn_v with_o a_o diadem_n as_o constantine_n the_o young_a and_o constantius_n in_o the_o constantine_n family_n and_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o all_o the_o reign_a emperor_n put_v on_o crown_n or_o diadem_n several_a medal_n may_v easy_o be_v show_v of_o augustus_n nero_n galba_n otho_n hadrian_n etc._n etc._n that_o have_v be_v emperor_n who_o head_n be_v quite_o bare_a head_n head_n cover_v be_v either_o with_o a_o diadem_n or_o a_o crown_n a_o head-piece_n some_o foreign_a habiliment_n or_o a_o veil_n diadem_n the_o diadem_n be_v ancient_a than_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v the_o proper_a ornament_n of_o king_n and_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o emperor_n but_o in_o the_o low_a empire_n it_o be_v a_o fillet_n sometime_o more_o sometime_o less_o broad_a who_o extremity_n tie_v in_o a_o knot_n behind_o the_o head_n fall_v upon_o the_o neck_n the_o roman_a emperor_n use_v it_o not_o till_o after_o constantine_n set_v it_o off_o with_o pearl_n and_o diamond_n either_o single_a or_o in_o two_o row_v permit_v the_o empress_n to_o wear_v it_o which_o be_v not_o see_v in_o the_o high_a empire_n where_o the_o woman_n head_n be_v never_o crown_v crown_n the_o crown_n of_o emperor_n after_o julius_n caesar_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o laurel_n the_o right_a of_o wear_v such_o a_o one_o be_v grant_v he_o by_o the_o senate_n and_o be_v afterward_o continue_v to_o his_o successor_n justinian_n be_v the_o first_o that_o use_v a_o sort_n of_o a_o close_a crown_n which_o be_v sometime_o deep_o like_o a_o cap_n sometime_o flatter_v like_o the_o mortier_n of_o our_o 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