Selected quad for the lemma: word_n

Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
word_n command_n file_n rank_n 5,049 5 11.1734 5 true
View all documents for the selected quad

Text snippets containing the quad

ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A63890 Pallas armata, Military essayes of the ancient Grecian, Roman, and modern art of war vvritten in the years 1670 and 1671 / by Sir James Turner, Knight. Turner, James, Sir, 1615-1686? 1683 (1683) Wing T3292; ESTC R7474 599,141 396

There are 15 snippets containing the selected quad. | View original text

the_o captain_n and_o other_o already_o speak_v of_o five_z other_z officer_n who_o aelian_a call_v supernumerary_a or_o extraordinary_a these_o be_v the_o ensign-bearer_n for_o every_o company_n or_o syntagmatarchy_n have_v a_o colour_n a_o servant_n or_o assister_n or_o if_o you_o please_v you_o may_v call_v he_o a_o adjutant_n who_o carry_v the_o captain_n order_n the_o three_o be_v a_o officer_n extraordinary_a or_o supernumerary_a officer_n praeco_n or_o a_o crier_n who_o proclaim_v the_o captain_n direction_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o battle_n man_n of_o strong_a voice_n be_v choose_v for_o that_o office_n the_o roman_n use_v they_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o hannibal_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v counterfeit_v when_o he_o storm_v and_o enter_v the_o roman_a camp_n at_o capua_n they_o be_v out_o of_o fashion_n now_o the_o loud_a noise_n of_o gunpowder_n have_v render_v they_o useless_a the_o four_o be_v a_o trumpeter_n who_o office_n be_v know_v and_o the_o last_o be_v a_o tergidux_n or_o lieutenant_n who_o office_n be_v to_o stay_v constant_o in_o the_o rear_n these_o five_o be_v superordinary_a the_o rest_n be_v ordinarii_fw-la and_o this_o word_n the_o church_n have_v borrow_v from_o the_o militia_n and_o reason_n for_o it_o since_o on_o earth_n she_o be_v a_o militant_a body_n in_o give_v the_o name_n of_o ordinary_n to_o her_o reverend_a bishop_n but_o in_o this_o place_n aelian_a be_v obscure_a for_o i_o know_v not_o how_o he_o dispose_v of_o the_o sergeant_n or_o of_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o company_n nor_o how_o he_o dispose_v of_o the_o tribune_n lesser_a or_o great_a lieutenant_n colonel_n and_o colonel_n brigadier_n and_o major_a general_n where_o he_o appoint_v they_o to_o march_v or_o where_o to_o stand_v or_o officiate_v in_o time_n of_o action_n or_o whether_o he_o reckon_v they_o in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o phalange_n which_o consist_v of_o sixteen_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o answer_v a_o question_n not_o answer_v eighty_o four_o man_n or_o not_o his_o decurion_n dimarite_n enomotarchs_n dilochites_n and_o tetrarch_n be_v all_o of_o they_o no_o doubt_n of_o that_o number_n neither_o can_v i_o allow_v they_o any_o other_o place_n to_o march_v or_o fight_v in_o but_o rank_n and_o file_n for_o they_o be_v no_o other_o but_o file-leader_n middle-man_n lancespesats_a and_o caporal_n all_o of_o who_o carry_v arms._n but_o that_o all_o who_o command_v above_o they_o be_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n be_v a_o thing_n i_o can_v fancy_n and_o if_o the_o captain_n be_v constant_o in_o the_o van_n or_o front_n of_o his_o company_n why_o be_v the_o lieutenant_n who_o station_n be_v constant_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o it_o call_v a_o superordinary_a officer_n more_o than_o the_o captain_n and_o be_v all_o these_o five_o be_v constant_o officer_n in_o the_o syntagmatarchy_n or_o company_n why_o shall_v they_o not_o be_v call_v ordinary_a officer_n as_o well_o as_o the_o taxiarch_n or_o sergeant_n or_o as_o the_o syntagmatarch_n or_o captain_n the_o light_a arm_a grecian_a foot_n according_a to_o aelian_a be_v half_o the_o number_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v and_o by_o this_o account_n they_o be_v eight_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o this_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o macedonian_a foot_n for_o the_o other_o grecian_a phalanges_fw-la be_v not_o so_o strong_a these_o light_a arm_a foot_n be_v draw_v velite_n grecian_a velite_n up_o say_v aelian_a eight_o deep_a by_o this_o account_n they_o take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n in_o longitude_n rank_n or_o front_n as_o the_o heavy_a arm_a phalange_n do_v and_o but_o half_a as_o much_o in_o file_n or_o depth_n chap._n vi_o aelian_n marshal_v the_o grecian_a infantry_n examine_v to_o hazard_v all_o at_o one_o cast_n have_v ever_o be_v think_v a_o piece_n of_o madness_n except_o in_o very_o desperate_a case_n for_o in_o they_o necessity_n have_v not_o law_n it_o be_v upon_o that_o ground_n that_o leader_n of_o army_n appoint_v reserve_v some_o one_o some_o two_o to_o sustain_v and_o second_v the_o first_o batallion_n in_o case_n they_o be_v worsted_n but_o this_o great_a body_n or_o phalange_n of_o aelian_a admit_v of_o no_o reserve_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o the_o man_n that_o compose_v it_o have_v need_n to_o have_v fight_v well_o because_o first_o there_o be_v none_o to_o second_v they_o and_o next_o their_o heavy_a armour_n render_v they_o uncapable_a to_o fly_v either_o fast_a or_o far_o that_o the_o phalange_n may_v have_v have_v reserve_v be_v unquestionable_a if_o those_o who_o compose_v it_o have_v not_o make_v it_o so_o deep_a as_o sixteen_o but_o we_o shall_v the_o better_o know_v examine_v sixteen_o deep_a examine_v whether_o it_o may_v not_o convenient_o have_v be_v of_o a_o less_o altitude_n when_o we_o examine_v the_o reason_n that_o be_v give_v for_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n for_o take_v it_o along_o with_o you_o the_o more_o a_o batallion_n be_v extend_v in_o length_n or_o front_n the_o more_o hand_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_v and_o the_o less_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v out-winged_a or_o surround_v and_o therefore_o the_o deepness_n of_o this_o phalange_n bring_v both_o those_o inconvenience_n with_o it_o let_v we_o now_o hear_v the_o advantage_n it_o have_v first_o aelian_a say_v if_o it_o be_v needful_a that_o the_o file_n be_v double_v the_o phalange_n may_v be_v make_v two_o and_o thirty_o deep_a and_o if_o the_o rank_n must_v be_v double_v than_o the_o file_n be_v make_v eight_o deep_a i_o wonder_v to_o hear_v such_o language_n from_o so_o deep_a first_o reason_n for_o 16_o deep_a great_a a_o master_n for_o all_o this_o may_v be_v do_v in_o any_o body_n of_o man_n of_o what_o depth_n soever_o provide_v it_o be_v not_o of_o a_o odd_a number_n if_o aelian_a have_v make_v his_o phalange_n but_o twelve_o deep_a may_v he_o not_o when_o he_o please_v by_o double_v the_o file_n have_v make_v it_o twenty_o four_o deep_a and_o by_o double_v the_o rank_n have_v make_v it_o but_o six_o deep_a and_o by_o the_o bargain_n he_o have_v make_v the_o front_n of_o his_o phalange_n a_o four_o part_n long_o that_o where_o at_o six_o foot_n distance_n between_o file_n it_o take_v up_o in_o longitude_n but_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o forty_o four_o foot_n it_o will_v have_v take_v up_o eight_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o ninety_o foot_n but_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o matter_n if_o i_o understand_v aelian_a right_n be_v short_o this_o such_o a_o altitude_n or_o deepness_n of_o the_o file_n be_v most_o exact_a whereby_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_n may_v with_o few_o word_n bring_v his_o whole_a number_n by_o equal_a proportion_n to_o one_o man_n as_o sixteen_o to_o eight_o eight_o to_o four_o four_o to_o two_o and_o two_o to_o one_o but_o this_o you_o can_v do_v with_o twelve_o for_o twelve_o divide_a make_n two_o six_o six_o divide_a make_n two_o three_o three_o man_n you_o can_v divide_v unless_o you_o cut_v one_o man_n in_o two_o piece_n now_o by_o sixteen_o deep_a you_o may_v bring_v your_o whole_a batallion_n of_o sixteen_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o man_n into_o one_o file_n or_o into_o one_o rank_n and_o here_o i_o suppose_v lie_v the_o knack_n of_o the_o business_n these_o sixteen_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o man_n at_o sixteen_o in_o file_n make_v one_o thousand_o twenty_o four_o file_n which_o you_o can_v bring_v to_o one_o file_n thus_o command_v your_o half_a rank_n to_o double_v their_o file_n and_o then_o you_o have_v but_o five_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o file_n the_o same_o word_n of_o command_n be_v obey_v you_o have_v but_o two_o hundred_o fifty_o six_o give_v it_o once_o more_o you_o have_v but_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o eight_o let_v it_o be_v do_v over_o again_o you_o shall_v see_v but_o sixty_o four_o file_n continue_v the_o same_o word_n of_o command_n your_o file_n come_v to_o thirty_o two_o next_o to_o sixteen_o after_o that_o to_o eight_o from_o that_o to_o four_o then_o to_o two_o and_o last_o to_o one_o and_o so_o you_o have_v your_o whole_a phalange_n in_o one_o file_n if_o you_o will_v have_v your_o phalange_n all_o in_o one_o rank_n command_v the_o middle-man_n or_o half_a file_n to_o double_v their_o rank_n and_o then_o sixteen_o become_v eight_o command_v the_o same_o thing_n they_o shall_v be_v but_o four_o then_z two_o and_o last_o one_o but_o be_v it_o not_o very_o strange_a that_o aelian_a will_v not_o know_v that_o all_o this_o may_v have_v answer_v answer_v be_v do_v with_o a_o body_n of_o man_n four_o deep_a or_o eight_o deep_a which_o last_o many_o of_o the_o grecian_n do_v not_o exceed_v and_o certain_o till_o we_o hear_v some_o more_o solid_a reason_n than_o this_o airy_a one_o eight_o deep_a be_v for_o many_o consideration_n to_o be_v prefer_v to_o sixteen_o nor_o shall_v this_o pretend_a reason_n
polybius_n be_v what_o polybius_n be_v be_v a_o soldier_n in_o greece_n and_o as_o himself_o witness_v in_o his_o eleven_o book_n be_v a_o commander_n in_o the_o achaean_n army_n under_o philopamon_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o mantinaea_n against_o machanidas_n the_o tyrant_n of_o lacedaem●n_n who_o be_v there_o overthrow_v and_o kill_v he_o be_v long_o after_o that_o a_o great_a favourite_n yea_o a_o counsellor_n of_o that_o scipio_n who_o be_v sometime_o call_v africanus_n minor_n and_o sometime_o numantinus_n because_o he_o end_v the_o carthaginian_a and_o numantine_a war_n with_o the_o destruction_n of_o both_o city_n there_o be_v some_o reason_n why_o scipio_n shall_v be_v kind_a to_o polybius_n because_o his_o natural_a father_n lucius_n aemilius_n for_o this_o scipio_n be_v but_o the_o adopt_a grandchild_n of_o the_o great_a africanus_n be_v the_o author_n of_o carry_v many_o hundred_o achaean_o prisoner_n to_o rome_n for_o no_o reason_n but_o suspicion_n among_o who_o polybius_n be_v one_o who_o lie_v full_a seventeen_o year_n prisoner_n there_o where_o he_o have_v leisure_n enough_o to_o learn_v both_o the_o roman_a language_n and_o custom_n scipio_n be_v a_o very_a great_a captain_n a_o strict_a reformer_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n and_o a_o severe_a disciplinarian_a from_o who_o polybius_n can_v not_o but_o know_v all_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n be_v a_o person_n of_o so_o great_a ability_n as_o those_o parcel_n of_o his_o history_n yet_o extant_a speak_v he_o ta_o have_v be_v and_o true_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v sorry_a that_o we_o be_v rob_v of_o those_o book_n of_o he_o of_o which_o all-devouring_a time_n have_v deprive_v we_o let_v we_o hear_v how_o he_o have_v a_o roman_a legion_n a_o legion_n in_o that_o scipio_n minor_n time_n consist_v of_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o man_n as_o many_o time_n it_o do_v both_o before_o and_o after_o he_o whereof_o six_o hundred_o be_v triarii_n and_o make_v the_o three_o batallion_n oblige_v to_o kneel_v on_o their_o right_a knee_n till_o either_o the_o other_o two_o class_n retire_v to_o they_o or_o that_o the_o general_n command_v they_o to_o rise_v and_o advance_v these_o he_o say_v be_v never_o more_o than_o six_o hundred_o though_o the_o legion_n chance_v to_o be_v four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o as_o many_o time_n it_o do_v and_o for_o this_o we_o must_v take_v his_o word_n before_o the_o triarii_n stand_v the_o principes_fw-la man_n in_o the_o flower_n of_o their_o age_n and_o before_o they_o the_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n they_o be_v the_o young_a and_o raw_a of_o all_o the_o heavy_a arm_v each_o of_o these_o two_o batallion_n consist_v of_o twelve_o hundred_o and_o all_o the_o three_o be_v alike_o arm_v except_o that_o the_o triarii_n instead_o of_o pila_fw-la carry_v short_a spear_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v sufficient_o already_o so_o you_o see_v all_o polybius_n legion_n the_o polyb●●●_n legion_n his_o heavy_a arm_a amount_v to_o three_o thousand_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v twelve_o hundred_o be_v say_v he_o velites_n and_o these_o he_o say_v be_v levy_v of_o the_o poor_a and_o most_o inconsiderable_a sort_n of_o the_o people_n nor_o do_v i_o find_v that_o he_o divide_v these_o twelve_o hundred_o velite_n into_o three_o squadron_n one_o whereof_o shall_v stand_v behind_o every_o one_o of_o the_o class_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o yet_o terduzzi_n and_o the_o sieur_n de_fw-fr preissack_n will_v father_n this_o upon_o polybius_n but_o indeed_o in_o my_o judgement_n he_o leave_v the_o light_a arm_a to_o be_v dispose_v of_o in_o the_o flank_n van_n or_o rear_n as_o the_o general_n conceive_v they_o may_v be_v most_o useful_a he_o appoint_v his_o legion_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o thirty_o maniple_n suppose_v still_o the_o heavy_a arm_a each_o maniple_n to_o consist_v of_o two_o centuriates_n to_o every_o century_n he_o allow_v a_o ensign_n and_o a_o centurion_n who_o he_o permit_v to_o choose_v his_o sub-centurion_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v the_o number_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o velite_n may_v alter_v according_a to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o legion_n but_o not_o the_o triarii_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v levy_v with_o every_o legion_n but_o say_v not_o that_o they_o make_v a_o part_n of_o every_o legion_n these_o three_o hundred_o horse_n he_o divide_v into_o ten_o turm_n or_o troop_n and_o officer_n they_o as_o i_o have_v show_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o cavalry_n he_o leave_v they_o to_o be_v marshal_v where_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a thought_n they_o may_v do_v best_a service_n and_o now_o we_o have_v the_o polybian_a legion_n no_o word_n here_o for_o all_o this_o how_o deep_a that_o be_v how_o many_o in_o file_n either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n or_o what_o or_o how_o much_o ground_n be_v allow_v for_o distance_n between_o file_n or_o rank_n or_o yet_o how_o great_a the_o interval_n be_v between_o the_o several_a maniple_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o class_n or_o what_o between_o the_o class_n themselves_o or_o between_o the_o several_a troop_n of_o horse_n a_o great_a oversight_n for_o of_o all_o these_o we_o be_v force_v to_o hear_v other_o man_n conjecture_n and_o make_v use_n of_o our_o own_o as_o we_o shall_v offer_v to_o do_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o distance_n and_o interval_n of_o the_o several_a body_n and_o batallion_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o horse_n before_o we_o proceed_v to_o our_o conjecture_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a first_o to_o know_v what_o this_o word_n interval_n proper_o signify_v and_o how_o it_o be_v take_v in_o both_o ancient_n and_o modern_a fortification_n town_n castle_n and_o camp_n be_v defend_v not_o only_o with_o rampart_n of_o earth_n and_o wall_n of_o stone_n but_o also_o with_o great_a log_n or_o stake_n of_o timber_n which_o we_o call_v palli●adoes_n these_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o language_n call_v valli_n and_o i_o suppose_v thereafter_o the_o rampart_n itself_o get_v the_o vallum_n vallus_fw-la and_o vallum_n name_n of_o vallus_fw-la and_o vallum_n hence_o perhaps_o our_o wall_n these_o stake_n be_v and_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n long_o and_o short_a the_o first_o stand_v straight_o up_o from_o the_o ground_n the_o second_o have_v the_o one_o end_n of_o they_o fix_v in_o the_o rampart_n and_o the_o other_o lie_v on_o it_o to_o hinder_v a_o approach_n to_o it_o distinguish_v by_o the_o german_n by_o several_a name_n for_o they_o call_v the_o long_a stake_n palli●adoes_n and_o the_o short_a one_o stoccado_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o sharp-pointed_a at_o both_o end_n the_o ground_n earth_n or_o part_n of_o the_o rampart_n between_o two_o pallisadoe_n or_o stoccado_n be_v proper_o call_v a_o interval_n but_o it_o be_v borrow_a and_o appropriate_v to_o what_o interval_n what_o any_o distance_n between_o body_n great_a and_o small_a yea_o to_o the_o space_n that_o be_v between_o one_o time_n and_o another_o a_o interval_n of_o time_n be_v now_o language_n proper_a enough_o and_o physician_n borrow_v it_o and_o call_v a_o intermit_a ague_n febris_n intervallata_n a_o intervalled_a favour_n what_o distance_n or_o interval_n there_o be_v between_o roman_a rank_n and_o between_o tell_v deepness_n of_o the_o file_n not_o tell_v file_n between_o several_a body_n of_o either_o their_o horse_n or_o foot_n no_o ancient_a author_n have_v clear_v to_o we_o but_o leave_v we_o to_o grope_v in_o the_o dark_a nor_o can_v we_o well_o guess_v at_o they_o till_o we_o condescend_v how_o many_o in_o file_n both_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v marshal_v i_o tell_v you_o before_o that_o vegetius_n in_o the_o twenty_o five_o chapter_n vegetius_n by_o vegetius_n of_o his_o second_o book_n seem_v to_o make_v the_o foot_n eleven_o deep_a because_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o he_o order_v a_o contubernium_fw-la of_o soldier_n to_o manage_v a_o carrobalist_n and_o that_o he_o say_v consist_v of_o eleven_o man_n but_o this_o do_v not_o prove_v that_o vegetius_n his_o file_n be_v precise_o eleven_o no_o more_o than_o what_o he_o say_v in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n that_o ten_o thousand_o man_n draw_v up_o in_o six_o rank_n will_v take_v up_o so_o much_o ground_n in_o front_n will_v prove_v that_o the_o roman_a foot_n be_v draw_v up_o six_o deep_a and_o so_o for_o vegetius_n we_o know_v not_o the_o deepness_n of_o either_o the_o roman_a foot_n or_o horse_n nor_o will_v we_o be_v one_o jot_n the_o wise_a for_o polybius_n for_o the_o discourse_n he_o have_v in_o his_o twelve_o book_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o horse_n polybius_n nor_o by_o polybius_n eight_o in_o file_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o roman_a militia_n for_o
have_v discharge_v their_o shot_n even_o in_o the_o hot_a piece_n of_o service_n and_o without_o the_o help_n of_o musquet-rests_a and_o i_o suppose_v it_o needs_o be_v think_v no_o paradox_n in_o i_o to_o say_v that_o five_o rank_n of_o musqueteer_n can_v fire_v one_o after_o another_o without_o intermission_n and_o deep_a five_o deep_a the_o first_o of_o the_o five_o be_v ready_a to_o fire_n again_o before_o the_o last_o have_v discharge_v let_v any_o commander_n try_v it_o with_o expert_a firemen_n he_o will_v find_v it_o will_v be_v do_v easy_o enough_o and_o that_o you_o may_v see_v that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a conceit_n of_o i_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o giovio_n inform_v we_o that_o at_o vienna_n the_o twenty_o thousand_o harquebusier_n that_o be_v in_o the_o christian_a army_n be_v all_o marshal_v five_o deep_a and_o so_o make_v four_o thousand_o file_n it_o be_v without_o all_o peradventure_o that_o the_o best_a commander_n then_o in_o europe_n be_v there_o who_o will_v not_o have_v permit_v this_o if_o they_o have_v not_o know_v that_o the_o first_o rank_n can_v have_v fire_v and_o make_v ready_a again_o before_o all_o the_o other_o four_o have_v discharge_v neither_o must_v you_o impute_v this_o to_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o historian_n as_o be_v a_o churchman_n for_o he_o be_v so_o punctual_a as_o to_o write_v nothing_o of_o any_o military_a action_n but_o what_o he_o have_v from_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o great_a captain_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n and_o true_o if_o you_o will_v consider_v all_o i_o have_v say_v or_o all_o that_o may_v be_v say_v on_o this_o subject_n it_o reason_n for_o it_o you_o may_v perhaps_o think_v with_o i_o that_o both_o musqueteer_n and_o pikeman_n may_v be_v marshal_v five_o deep_a with_o no_o inconvenience_n at_o all_o to_o the_o service_n i_o think_v i_o hear_v some_o speculative_a person_n cry_v out_o that_o this_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o all_o tactic_n who_o reject_v odd_a number_n as_o unfit_a for_o double_v but_o stay_v do_v you_o exercise_v for_o show_v only_o or_o for_o use_v if_o only_o for_o show_v i_o grant_v you_o shall_v neither_o have_v odd_a rank_n it_o objection_n against_o it_o nor_o file_n but_o if_o for_o use_n i_o say_v that_o five_o deep_a be_v better_a than_o six_o deep_a for_o those_o very_a reason_n that_o make_v six_o deep_o better_a than_o eight_o deep_a and_o eight_o better_a than_o ten_o you_o say_v you_o can_v double_v your_o rank_n at_o five_o deep_a what_o then_o i_o say_v you_o need_v not_o for_o i_o will_v have_v your_o rank_n no_o few_o than_o five_o when_o you_o be_v ten_o answer_v answer_v deep_a why_o double_v you_o your_o rank_n be_v it_o not_o to_o make_v they_o five_o and_o thereby_o to_o enlarge_v your_o front_n and_o why_o then_o may_v you_o not_o be_v five_o rank_n at_o first_o and_o thereby_o save_v yourself_o the_o labour_n of_o double_v and_o as_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o necessary_a to_o double_v your_o rank_n when_o your_o batallion_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o but_o five_o rank_n so_o i_o conceive_v the_o double_n of_o rank_n not_o necessary_a when_o your_o battle_n be_v but_o six_o deep_a for_o three_o rank_n of_o pike_n be_v not_o strong_a enough_o either_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v a_o charge_n nor_o be_v they_o numerous_a enough_o for_o musqueteer_n to_o fire_n one_o rank_n after_o another_o without_o interruption_n it_o not_o be_v feasible_a for_o the_o first_o rank_n to_o fire_n and_o be_v ready_a before_o the_o three_o rank_n have_v discharge_v so_o that_o when_o six_o rank_n be_v make_v three_o it_o be_v only_o for_o a_o part_a blow_n for_o the_o musqueteer_n to_o fire_n kneel_v stoop_a and_o stand_v now_o you_o may_v order_v the_o first_o three_o rank_n of_o five_o to_o fire_n in_o the_o same_o fashion_n kneel_v stoop_a and_o stand_v and_o you_o have_v by_o the_o bargain_n two_o rank_n in_o reserve_n till_o the_o first_o three_o recover_v and_o those_o two_o rank_n may_v afterward_o fire_n the_o first_o rank_n kneel_v and_o the_o second_o stand_v and_o then_o all_o the_o five_o rank_n have_v fire_v and_o be_v as_o ready_a either_o with_o butt_n of_o musket_n or_o sword_n to_o receive_v the_o enemy_n if_o he_o advance_v as_o the_o six_o rank_n double_v in_o three_o and_o in_o far_o better_a order_n either_o then_o your_o double_n of_o rank_n be_v unnecessary_a in_o service_n or_o five_o deep_a at_o first_o be_v as_o good_a if_o not_o better_a as_o ten_o rank_n to_o be_v double_v in_o five_o or_o six_o rank_n double_v in_o three_o and_o though_o five_o rank_n can_v be_v double_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o that_o be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o the_o advantage_n it_o have_v of_o a_o large_a front_n and_o bring_v many_o hand_n to_o fight_v and_o if_o upon_o any_o emergency_n which_o will_v fall_v out_o very_o seldom_o you_o conceive_v your_o front_n too_o large_a you_o may_v quick_o help_v it_o opinion_n the_o author_n private_a opinion_n by_o cause_v your_o file_n to_o double_a and_o then_o you_o be_v ten_o deep_a but_o i_o shall_v quick_o part_v with_o this_o opinion_n when_o i_o hear_v a_o strong_a argument_n against_o it_o than_o that_o which_o say_v that_o thereby_o rank_n can_v be_v double_v for_o the_o truth_n be_v it_o be_v my_o private_a opinion_n that_o there_o be_v many_o superfluous_a word_n in_o exercise_n and_o though_o i_o think_v double_v of_o rank_n and_o file_n too_o sometime_o convenient_a before_o the_o near_a approach_n of_o a_o enemy_n yet_o i_o hope_v none_o will_v deny_v that_o both_o of_o they_o be_v very_o improper_a in_o the_o time_n of_o service_n but_o loquendum_fw-la cum_fw-la vulgo_fw-la be_v a_o golden_a sentence_n well_o we_o have_v our_o foot-company_n no_o strong_a than_o one_o hundred_o man_n and_o man_n seventeen_o file_n in_o a_o company_n of_o one_o hundred_o man_n divide_v into_o three_o part_n whereof_o two_o be_v musqueteer_n and_o pikeman_n be_v glad_a to_o be_v admit_v to_o make_v the_o three_o these_o must_v be_v marshal_v six_o in_o one_o file_n now_o seventeen_o time_n six_o be_v more_o than_o one_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o time_n six_o be_v less_o than_o one_o hundred_o add_v therefore_o three_o corporal_n to_o the_o hundred_o soldier_n you_o shall_v have_v seventeen_o complete_a file_n and_o one_o man_n over_o who_o you_o may_v appoint_v to_o help_v the_o ensign_n to_o carry_v his_o colour_n for_o a_o furer_n be_v not_o allow_v he_o in_o all_o establishment_n a_o company_n be_v thus_o marshal_v in_o seventeen_o file_n eleven_o must_v be_v musqueteer_n and_o six_o pikeman_n to_o wit_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o pikeman_n six_o file_n of_o musqueteer_n and_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n five_o file_n the_o captain_n be_v to_o teach_v his_o soldier_n to_o keep_v their_o just_a distance_n between_o file_n distance_n the_o several_a kind_n of_o distance_n and_o file_n end_n between_o rank_n and_o rank_a distance_n be_v ordinary_o threefold_a order_n open_a order_n and_o close_a order_n the_o first_o of_o three_o foot_n the_o second_o of_o six_o the_o three_o of_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a to_o which_o in_o some_o case_n be_v add_v open_a open_a order_n which_o be_v of_o twelve_o foot_n at_o exercising_n both_o rank_n and_o file_n shall_v stand_v at_o open_a order_n in_o march_n the_o file_n at_o order_n but_o the_o rank_n at_o open_a order_n because_o of_o the_o pike_n which_o must_v have_v more_o ground_n than_o musqueteer_n require_v and_o in_o service_n both_o the_o file_n and_o rank_n of_o musqueteer_n must_v be_v at_o order_n that_o be_v three_o foot_n distance_n but_o the_o pikeman_n both_o in_o file_n and_o rank_n at_o close_a order_n that_o be_v at_o the_o distance_n of_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a i_o must_v tell_v you_o in_o this_o place_n of_o a_o general_a mistake_n distance_n mistake_v in_o reckon_a distance_n and_o be_v the_o very_a same_o i_o accuse_v vegetius_n of_o in_o the_o roman_a militia_n and_o it_o be_v this_o all_o say_v that_o the_o file_n when_o they_o stand_v in_o battle_n shall_v be_v at_o order_n that_o be_v at_o the_o distance_n of_o three_o foot_n as_o indeed_o they_o shall_v but_o if_o you_o ask_v how_o many_o foot_n of_o ground_n seventeen_o file_n whereof_o our_o company_n consist_v possess_v in_o front_n they_o will_v immediate_o answer_v you_o fifty_o and_o one_o and_o here_o there_o be_v a_o double_a file_n distance_n of_o file_n error_n first_o no_o ground_n be_v allow_v for_o the_o combatant_n to_o stand_v on_o for_o the_o distance_n of_o three_o foot_n between_o file_n take_v up_o that_o one_o and_o fifty_o foot_n or_o very_o near_o it_o second_o they_o make_v seventeen_o file_n to_o have_v seventeen_o distance_n whereas_o they_o have_v but_o sixteen_o this_o oversight_n i_o
be_v marshal_v in_o one_o division_n i_o know_v some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o major_n company_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n marshal_v objection_n against_o that_o way_n of_o marshal_v of_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n division_n because_o the_o three_o place_n of_o honour_n in_o the_o regiment_n belong_v to_o he_o and_o the_o colonel_n have_v the_o van_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n of_o the_o second_o the_o major_n shall_v have_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o second_o division_n because_o it_o be_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o whole_a regiment_n i_o shall_v easy_o subscribe_v to_o this_o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o though_o it_o be_v but_o answer_v answer_v one_o regiment_n yet_o be_v divide_v it_o shall_v be_v look_v on_o as_o two_o distinct_a body_n and_o it_o be_v more_o honourable_a to_o have_v the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o than_o of_o the_o last_o second_o when_o a_o regiment_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o major_n ought_v to_o wait_v and_o lodge_v at_o the_o quarter_n of_o that_o division_n of_o the_o regiment_n where_o the_o colonel_n be_v because_o from_o he_o he_o receive_v his_o order_n direction_n and_o the_o word_n which_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o carry_v to_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n if_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o two_o division_n be_v divide_v as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v but_o the_o old_a captain_n be_v oblige_v to_o come_v and_o receive_v they_o from_o the_o major_a at_o the_o colonel_n quarter_n the_o first_o captain_n in_o that_o case_n officiate_a as_o major_a for_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n batallion_n now_o if_o the_o major_n ought_v to_o be_v where_o the_o colonel_n be_v as_o i_o think_v he_o shall_v than_o i_o think_v the_o major_n company_n shall_v be_v where_o himself_o be_v the_o great_a gustavus_n use_v another_o way_n of_o marshal_v his_o regiment_n and_o brigade_n of_o foot_n which_o take_v altogether_o be_v not_o square_a of_o front_n yet_o all_o the_o four_o part_n or_o body_n which_o compose_v it_o be_v square_a the_o manner_n be_v this_o way_n regiment_n or_o brigade_n marshal_v a_o three_o way_n suppose_v one_o of_o his_o brigade_n to_o be_v eighteen_o hundred_o man_n as_o i_o can_v assure_v you_o he_o have_v many_o weak_a whereof_o twelve_o hundred_o be_v musqueteer_n and_o six_o hundred_o be_v pikeman_n the_o pike_n advance_v twenty_o pace_n before_o the_o two_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n who_o immediate_o join_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o void_a place_n the_o pikeman_n have_v possess_v then_o be_v the_o pike_n divide_v into_o three_o equal_a body_n two_o hundred_o to_o each_o batallion_n the_o middle_a body_n whereof_o advance_v before_o the_o other_o two_o so_o far_o that_o its_o rear_n may_v be_v about_o ten_o pace_n before_o the_o van_n of_o the_o other_o two_o the_o two_o body_n of_o pike_n that_o stay_v behind_o be_v order_v to_o open_v a_o little_a to_o both_o hand_n and_o then_o stand_v still_o all_o front_a one_o way_n to_o the_o enemy_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o place_n which_o the_o two_o hundred_o pike_n possess_v in_o the_o middle_n remain_v void_a there_o be_v two_o passage_n like_o sally-port_n between_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o advance_a body_n of_o pike_n and_o the_o two_o batallion_n that_o stay_v behind_o out_o of_o one_o whereof_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n issue_v constant_o one_o or_o two_o or_o more_o hundred_o of_o musqueteer_n who_o before_o all_o the_o three_o body_n of_o pike_n give_v incessant_o fire_n on_o the_o enemy_n and_o when_o the_o word_n or_o sign_n for_o a_o retreat_n be_v give_v they_o retire_v by_o the_o other_o passage_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n back_o to_o the_o great_a body_n of_o musqueteer_n where_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o come_v back_o unwounded_a be_v present_o put_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n the_o fire_n continue_v without_o intermission_n by_o musqueteer_n who_o still_o sally_v through_o the_o passage_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o fireman_n fight_v thus_o in_o small_a body_n each_o of_o they_o not_o above_o five_o file_n of_o musqueteer_n and_o these_o for_o most_o part_n but_o three_o deep_a so_o you_o may_v consider_v that_o near_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o musqueteer_n be_v on_o service_n the_o other_o two_o three_o be_v secure_o shelter_v behind_o the_o three_o batallion_n of_o pikeman_n who_o be_v to_o be_v complete_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a these_o pike_n have_v field_n piece_n with_o they_o which_o fire_v as_o oft_o as_o they_o can_v as_o well_o as_o the_o musqueteer_n this_o continue_a till_o the_o pikeman_n come_v to_o push_v of_o pike_n with_o the_o enemy_n if_o both_o party_n stay_v so_o long_o as_o seldom_o they_o do_v and_o then_o the_o musqueteer_n be_v to_o do_v what_o they_o be_v order_v to_o do_v and_o the_o order_n do_v depend_v on_o emergency_n and_o accident_n which_o as_o they_o can_v not_o be_v then_o see_v so_o no_o certain_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v for_o they_o in_o this_o order_n do_v i_o see_v all_o the_o swedish_n brigades_n draw_v up_o for_o one_o year_n after_o the_o king_n death_n but_o after_o that_o time_n i_o see_v it_o wear_v out_o when_o defensive_a arm_n first_o and_o then_o pike_n come_v out_o wear_v out_o to_o be_v neglect_v and_o by_o some_o vilipend_v for_o the_o march_n of_o a_o regiment_n if_o it_o can_v all_o march_n in_o one_o breast_n it_o shall_v regiment_n the_o march_n of_o a_o regiment_n do_v so_o but_o if_o not_o and_o if_o the_o ground_n permit_v it_o let_v the_o right_a hand_n of_o musqueteer_n march_v in_o breast_n next_o it_o the_o body_n of_o pike_n and_o after_o it_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o musqueteer_n but_o if_o none_o of_o these_o can_v be_v then_o as_o many_o shall_v march_v in_o one_o petty_a division_n as_o the_o way_n can_v permit_v as_o suppose_v twelve_o eight_o or_o ten_o and_o so_o soon_o as_o you_o come_v to_o open_a ground_n you_o be_v to_o march_v present_o in_o squadron_n or_o as_o they_o be_v now_o call_v squad_n or_o in_o full_a battle_n that_o be_v the_o regiment_n all_o in_o one_o front_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v your_o soldier_n be_v ready_a to_o receive_v a_o enemy_n they_o march_v in_o a_o more_o comely_a order_n and_o straggle_v far_o less_o than_o when_o they_o march_v few_o in_o breast_n and_o in_o a_o long_a row_n the_o major_n appoint_v captain_n lieutenant_n and_o ensign_n to_o lead_v division_n and_o sergeant_n to_o attend_v the_o flank_n every_o one_o according_a to_o their_o dignity_n but_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o never_o think_v it_o convenient_a much_o less_o necessary_a that_o every_o small_a division_n of_o a_o regiment_n shall_v have_v a_o bringer_n up_o since_o he_o must_v be_v as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o a_o commission_v officer_n as_o well_o as_o the_o leader_n of_o a_o division_n shall_v be_v for_o first_o consider_v that_o in_o a_o regiment_n of_o one_o thousand_o strong_a there_o be_v a_o hundred_o sixty_o and_o six_o file_n and_o admit_v that_o the_o way_n will_v permit_v eight_o file_n to_o march_v in_o breast_n as_o that_o fall_v not_o always_o out_o by_o that_o account_n you_o shall_v have_v one_o and_o twenty_o division_n consist_v of_o eight_o file_n apiece_o multiply_v twenty_o one_o by_o eight_o the_o product_n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o up_o reasins_z why_o every_o petty_a division_n can_v have_v a_o bringer_n up_o sixty_o eight_o file_n which_o consist_v of_o a_o thousand_o and_o eight_o man_n eight_o more_o than_o the_o number_n reckon_v again_o how_o many_o commission_v officer_n you_o have_v in_o ten_o company_n beside_o the_o three_o field-officer_n you_o shall_v have_v but_o twenty_o nine_o now_o of_o these_o twenty_o one_o must_v be_v allow_v to_o lead_v the_o division_n and_o by_o that_o account_n you_o have_v but_o nine_o officer_n to_o bring_v up_o so_o you_o want_v thirteen_o commission_v officer_n for_o that_o employment_n for_o sergeant_n shall_v neither_o be_v permit_v to_o lead_v or_o bring_v up_o but_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n their_o duty_n be_v to_o attend_v the_o flank_n beside_o all_o commission_v officer_n be_v not_o always_o present_a some_o frequent_o be_v either_o sick_a wound_a or_o absent_a on_o furloff_n it_o will_v be_v enough_o therefore_o if_o all_o these_o petty_a division_n be_v lead_v by_o commission_v officer_n which_o yet_o can_v be_v unless_o you_o allow_v some_o ensign-bearer_n to_o stay_v from_o their_o 〈…〉_o we_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v spare_v six_o foot_n of_o ground_n between_o two_o division_n for_o those_o who_o will_v allow_v bringer_n up_o allow_v eighteen_o foot_n between_o two_o division_n to_o wit_n six_o foot_n between_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o division_n and_o he_o that_o bring_v it_o up_o second_o six_o foot_n between_o
he_o make_v alt_z they_o all_o take_v up_o their_o several_a distance_n behind_o he_o till_o he_o who_o be_v file-leader_n turn_v himself_o about_o on_o that_o same_o ground_n he_o stand_v on_o and_o then_o all_o turn_n likewise_o so_o that_o all_o the_o file_n face_v to_o the_o rear_n in_o that_o same_o order_n that_o before_o the_o countermarch_v it_o face_v to_o the_o van_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o body_n lose_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o therefore_o our_o modern_a driller_n when_o they_o command_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_a they_o say_v by_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n countermarch_v and_o lose_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n or_o gain_v ground_n in_o the_o van_n which_o be_v all_o one_o thing_n the_o laconian_a be_v when_o the_o batallion_n be_v command_v to_o take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n in_o the_o rear_n as_o it_o possess_v before_o and_o be_v do_v thus_o the_o file-leader_n lacedaemonian_a lacedaemonian_a turn_v just_a where_o he_o stand_v and_o march_v as_o many_o foot_n behind_o the_o rear-man_n as_o the_o body_n at_o its_o due_a distance_n shall_v possess_v all_o who_o follow_v he_o turn_v not_o about_o till_o their_o leader_n go_v by_o they_o and_o so_o the_o bringer_n up_o do_v only_o turn_v himself_o without_o any_o further_a motion_n the_o modern_a word_n of_o command_n for_o this_o be_v countermarch_v to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n and_o gain_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n the_o persian_a be_v when_o the_o batallion_n keep_v the_o same_o ground_n it_o have_v but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o the_o leader_n stand_v where_o the_o bringer_n up_o be_v and_o the_o persian_n persian_n rear-man_n where_o the_o leader_n stand_v it_o be_v do_v thus_o the_o leader_n advance_v three_o step_n and_o then_o turn_v and_o march_v to_o the_o rear_n and_o all_o who_o follow_v he_o turn_v not_o till_o they_o come_v to_o that_o place_n to_o which_o he_o advance_v and_o then_o they_o face_n about_o and_o take_v up_o the_o same_o ground_n they_o former_o possess_v the_o word_n of_o command_n for_o this_o be_v countermarch_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o keep_v your_o ground_n it_o be_v also_o call_v the_o chor●an_n countermarch_v because_o choraean_a o●_n choraean_a as_o the_o chorus_n use_v to_o sing_v and_o dance_v all_o together_o so_o here_o all_o the_o rank_n move_v at_o once_o and_o keep_v that_o same_o measure_n and_o distance_n in_o turn_v resemble_v a_o dance_n but_o indeed_o all_o these_o counter-marche_n as_o most_o of_o all_o evolution_n be_v better_o and_o soon_o illustrate_v nay_o demonstrate_v by_o a_o body_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o field_n than_o they_o can_v be_v either_o by_o word_n or_o figure_n on_o paper_n philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n father_n of_o the_o great_a alexander_n put_v down_o the_o first_o of_o these_o counter-marche_n which_o be_v his_o own_o country_n one_o and_o with_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o have_v a_o show_n of_o fly_v at_o least_o of_o retire_v be_v a_o body_n of_o sixteen_o depth_n as_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n be_v by_o that_o countermarch_v lose_v in_o the_o rear_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v one_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o foot_n of_o ground_n one_o foot_n be_v allow_v for_o every_o rank_a to_o stand_v on_o and_o six_o use_n all_o three_o of_o small_a use_n foot_n of_o distance_n between_o the_o rank_n at_o least_o it_o lose_v one_o hundred_o and_o six_o foot_n and_o true_o i_o think_v the_o hazard_n be_v small_a if_o all_o the_o three_o several_a counter-marche_n be_v for_o ever_o banish_v out_o of_o all_o army_n except_o those_o of_o our_o enemy_n it_o be_v true_a i_o never_o see_v any_o of_o they_o use_v in_o sight_n of_o a_o enemy_n for_o if_o they_o be_v practise_v then_o i_o be_o confident_a confusion_n will_v follow_v they_o which_o be_v but_o too_o ready_a to_o appear_v in_o any_o army_n though_o never_o so_o well_o order_v when_o it_o be_v unexpected_o attack_v by_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o rear_n if_o the_o grecian_n have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o our_o great_a gun_n nay_o even_o with_o our_o musket_n which_o kill_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n by_o far_o than_o dart_n or_o arrow_n and_o against_o which_o their_o defensive_a arm_n will_v not_o have_v be_v proof_n they_o will_v have_v find_v that_o a_o enemy_n a_o good_a way_n from_o their_o rear_n will_v have_v render_v their_o best_a counter-marche_n both_o unfeasible_a and_o dangerous_a all_o the_o good_a i_o suppose_v that_o be_v intend_v by_o a_o countermarch_v be_v to_o place_v the_o very_a same_o man_n and_o rank_n with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o rear_n in_o that_o very_a same_o order_n they_o be_v with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o true_o if_o captain_n be_v careful_a to_o place_v their_o best_a man_n in_o the_o front_n their_o next_o best_a in_o the_o rear_n and_o make_v middle_a man_n of_o the_o three_o and_o rank_v every_o man_n according_a to_o his_o worth_n and_o dignity_n as_o they_o shall_v do_v but_o too_o many_o of_o they_o be_v negligent_a in_o this_o it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o hazard_v a_o countermarch_v but_o with_o much_o ease_n and_o with_o one_o word_n of_o command_n and_o that_o be_v by_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n about_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v face_v in_o the_o rear_n without_o danger_n of_o any_o confusion_n or_o disorder_n i_o have_v see_v some_o very_a punctual_a officer_n and_o drill-master_n who_o have_v take_v much_o pain_n to_o teach_v new_a beginner_n all_o these_o three_o sort_n of_o counter-marche_n and_o have_v make_v they_o practice_v their_o lesson_n very_o exact_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o i_o can_v never_o in_o my_o own_o judgement_n have_v a_o better_a opinion_n of_o counter-marche_n than_o they_o say_v some_o physician_n have_v of_o cucumber_n which_o they_o first_o order_n to_o be_v well_o correct_v and_o prepare_v with_o vinegar_n oil_n pepper_n and_o i_o know_v not_o what_o else_o and_o then_o advise_v to_o throw_v they_o out_o of_o door_n or_o over_o the_o window_n in_o exercise_v body_n the_o first_o care_n be_v to_o make_v rank_n and_o file_n keep_v that_o distance_n that_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o general_n who_o command_v the_o army_n for_o he_o may_v do_v in_o that_o according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n the_o grecian_a foot_n have_v a_o threefold_a distance_n the_o first_o be_v of_o six_o foot_n and_o this_o aelian_a will_n have_v to_o be_v in_o exercising_n and_o march_n between_o file_n and_o file_n as_o well_o as_o rank_n and_o rank_a but_o assure_o there_o be_v not_o so_o good_a reason_n for_o the_o one_o as_o there_o be_v for_o the_o other_o in_o regard_n all_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n carty_v long_a pike_n require_v six_o foot_n in_o their_o march_n between_o rank_n and_o rank_a for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o pike_n but_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o so_o much_o between_o file_n and_o file_n as_o foot_n distance_n of_o the_o foot_n any_o man_n at_o first_o view_n may_v easy_o comprehend_v the_o second_o distance_n be_v of_o three_o foot_n between_o rank_n and_o rank_a as_o also_o between_o file_n and_o file_n and_o this_o be_v when_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o stand_v in_o battle_n with_o their_o pike_n order_v and_o their_o posture_n at_o this_o distance_n be_v call_v densatio_n the_o three_o be_v of_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a between_o both_o file_n and_o rank_n and_o that_o be_v when_o they_o be_v either_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v a_o charge_n and_o it_o be_v call_v constipati●_n in_o that_o posture_n have_v present_v their_o pike_n with_o their_o left_a foot_n foremost_a their_o target_n touch_v one_o another_o and_o so_o their_o phalange_n look_v like_o a_o brazen_a wall_n as_o lucius_z aemilius_z the_o roman_a consul_n speak_v of_o that_o wherewith_o king_n pers●●s_v face_v he_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o pidna_n where_o they_o fight_v for_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o macedon_n the_o grecian_a horse_n be_v marshal_v in_o several_a figure_n and_o of_o their_o distance_n i_o can_v say_v nothing_o nor_o do_v aelian_a help_n i_o in_o it_o at_o all_o of_o these_o several_a figure_n of_o horse_n troop_n i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n but_o one_o and_o horse_n of_o the_o horse_n then_o my_o reader_n will_v perhaps_o believe_v with_o i_o that_o the_o square_a battle_n probable_o keep_v that_o distance_n that_o troop_n have_v do_v since_o and_o that_o both_o the_o rhombus_fw-la and_o the_o wedge_n require_v a_o great_a distance_n when_o they_o be_v command_v by_o a_o motion_n either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n to_o change_v the_o posture_n or_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o stand_v and_o i_o conceive_v when_o either_o of_o they_o be_v to_o charge_n the_o horse_n man_n be_v oblige_v to_o ●err_v
be_v out-winged_a as_o assure_o he_o be_v it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v deep_a alexander_n at_o arbela_n but_o eight_o deep_a that_o the_o more_o ground_n he_o take_v up_o in_o front_n the_o less_o subject_n he_o be_v to_o that_o danger_n and_o this_o curtius_n confirm_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o several_a body_n have_v order_n give_v they_o to_o extend_v their_o batallion_n as_o far_a in_o length_n as_o without_o eminent_a danger_n they_o may_v lest_o say_v the_o same_o author_n they_o shall_v be_v environ_v i_o conceive_v then_o it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o alexander_n study_v how_o to_o make_v as_o large_a a_o front_n as_o feasible_o he_o may_v against_o so_o numerous_a a_o enemy_n he_o make_v his_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n phalange_n but_o eight_o deep_a as_o that_o which_o suit_v best_a with_o his_o present_a affair_n and_o as_o he_o have_v see_v other_o grecian_a captain_n do_v before_o he_o for_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o twice_o as_o much_o ground_n as_o he_o have_v when_o it_o be_v marshal_v sixteen_o in_o file_n that_o he_o have_v reserve_v be_v most_o clear_a both_o from_o curtius_n and_o other_o for_o nicanor_n follow_v the_o phalange_n with_o the_o argyraspides_fw-la or_o silver_n shield_n and_o these_o be_v heavy_a arm_v observe_v it_o and_o cenos_n with_o a_o band_n of_o man_n which_o reserve_v and_o have_v reserve_v say_v curtius_n be_v appoint_v note_n this_o to_o be_v a_o relief_n then_o horestes_n lincerta_n polycarpon_n and_o philagus_n all_o with_o several_a body_n follow_v the_o phalanx_n and_o that_o all_o these_o be_v reserve_v aelian_a himself_n nor_o any_o for_o he_o will_v not_o be_v so_o impudent_a as_o to_o deny_v but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o the_o marshal_n this_o army_n in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v the_o next_o i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o three_o reason_n which_o be_v pretend_v for_o sixteen_o deep_a of_o deep_a three_o reason_n for_o 16_o deep_a the_o heavy_a arm_a phalange_n and_o it_o be_v this_o though_o the_o pike_n of_o all_o those_o rank_n that_o stand_v behind_o the_o five_o or_o if_o you_o will_v the_o six_o be_v useless_a in_o regard_n they_o can_v reach_v but_o little_a or_o nothing_o beyond_o the_o file_n leader_n and_o you_o will_v remember_v these_o rank_n be_v not_o few_o than_o ten_o if_o not_o eleven_o yet_o be_v at_o close_a order_n with_o their_o pike_n advance_v they_o bear_v forward_o with_o the_o weight_n and_o force_n of_o their_o body_n those_o five_o or_o six_o rank_n that_o be_v before_o they_o and_o so_o make_v the_o impression_n the_o great_a and_o strong_a they_o take_v all_o occasion_n of_o flight_n from_o they_o and_o impose_v a_o necessity_n on_o they_o to_o overcome_v or_o die_v i_o answer_v first_o that_o this_o pretend_a advantage_n if_o it_o be_v any_o at_o all_o be_v very_o oft_o dear_o answer_v answer_v buy_v second_o i_o say_v five_o rank_n have_v their_o pike_n present_v to_o the_o enemy_n three_o rank_n behind_o they_o may_v have_v serve_v sufficient_o to_o bear_v forward_o the_o five_o before_o they_o or_o if_o aelian_a thought_n six_o rank_n may_v present_v all_o their_o pike_n with_o advantage_n then_o let_v four_o rank_n be_v allow_v behind_o they_o to_o bear_v they_o forward_o to_o the_o charge_n and_o hinder_v they_o to_o fly_v and_o this_o will_v make_v in_o all_o but_o ten_o rank_n and_o so_o still_o six_o rank_n may_v have_v be_v dispose_v of_o either_o to_o enlarge_v the_o front_n or_o make_v a_o body_n in_o the_o rear_n for_o a_o reserve_n and_o three_o i_o say_v when_o aelian_n six_o foremost_a rank_n be_v busy_a in_o fight_n the_o ten_o behind_o they_o who_o be_v to_o bear_v those_o six_o forward_a be_v at_o their_o close_a distance_n which_o he_o call_v constipation_n and_o so_o not_o able_a to_o open_v very_o sudden_o and_o face_n about_o in_o so_o good_a order_n and_o so_o soon_o as_o be_v requisite_a to_o receive_v or_o beat_v back_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o unexpected_a enemy_n for_o certain_o they_o must_v first_o have_v open_v backward_o and_o then_o face_v about_o both_o which_o must_v have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o command_n of_o some_o of_o their_o officer_n probable_o the_o lieutenant_n and_o it_o be_v well_o enough_o know_v how_o confusion_n and_o disorder_n which_o seldom_o fail_v to_o attend_v such_o occasion_n stop_v the_o ear_n and_o dull_v the_o judgement_n of_o soldier_n that_o they_o can_v neither_o hear_v nor_o understand_v the_o word_n of_o command_n aright_o i_o will_v fetch_v two_o instance_n from_o history_n and_o those_o i_o believe_v will_v prove_v all_o i_o have_v say_v and_o clear_v this_o whole_a matter_n pretty_a well_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o cynocephalae_n or_o dog_n head_n fight_v by_o philip_n the_o last_o king_n cinocephalae_n battle_n of_o cinocephalae_n of_o macedon_n except_o one_o against_o titus_n flaminius_n a_o roman_a consul_n the_o half_a of_o philip_n heavy_a arm_v phalange_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n bear_v down_o all_o before_o it_o and_o tread_v over_o the_o legion_n gain_v ground_n so_o far_o that_o the_o macedonian_a thought_n the_o day_n his_o own_o but_o flaminius_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o phalange_n can_v not_o draw_v up_o in_o any_o close_a order_n because_o of_o the_o unevenness_n and_o knottiness_n of_o the_o mountain_n who_o little_a hillock_n represent_v the_o head_n of_o dog_n send_v a_o tribune_n with_o a_o legion_n and_o some_o elephant_n up_o the_o hill_n to_o charge_v that_o left_a wing_n which_o he_o smart_o do_v easy_o rout_v it_o and_o immediate_o fall_v on_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o victorious_a right_a wing_n and_o without_o opposition_n cut_v it_o in_o piece_n now_o if_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o phalange_n which_o have_v no_o convenient_a ground_n whereon_o to_o draw_v up_o have_v place_v itself_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n at_o a_o distance_n behind_o the_o right_a wing_n as_o a_o reserve_v the_o roman_n dare_v never_o have_v hazard_v to_o have_v come_v between_o they_o or_o if_o the_o last_o ten_o rank_n of_o the_o right_a wing_n who_o serve_v for_o nothing_o but_o to_o bear_v forward_o the_o other_o six_o rank_n have_v face_v about_o according_a to_o aelian_o rule_n they_o can_v not_o so_o easy_o have_v be_v break_v but_o the_o close_a posture_n or_o constipation_n of_o these_o last_o ten_o rank_n to_o bear_v forward_o the_o foremost_a six_o rank_n make_v they_o uncapable_a to_o do_v that_o quick_o which_o the_o present_a necessity_n require_v or_o else_o the_o sudden_a charge_n of_o a_o unlooked_a for_o enemy_n do_v so_o appal_v they_o that_o they_o know_v not_o what_o they_o be_v do_v nor_o who_o command_v or_o who_o obey_v which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v frequent_o fall_v out_o in_o such_o case_n so_o this_o phalanx_n cast_v in_o aelian_n macedonian_a mould_n cost_v king_n philip_n very_o dear_a but_o another_o model_v after_o the_o same_o fashion_n cost_v his_o son_n perseus_n much_o dear_a at_o pidna_n a_o town_n of_o macedon_n king_n perseus_n fight_v with_o lucius_n aemilius_n pidna_n battei_n of_o pidna_n a_o roman_a consul_n and_o the_o ground_n for_o his_o phalange_n be_v as_o good_a as_o his_o own_o heart_n can_v wish_v the_o roman_a legion_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v its_o furious_a charge_n but_o give_v ground_n in_o several_a place_n insomuch_o that_o the_o consul_n see_v fortune_n look_v with_o so_o grim_a a_o countenance_n upon_o he_o begin_v to_o despair_v of_o the_o victory_n and_o to_o tear_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n but_o be_v of_o a_o ready_a judgement_n he_o quick_o espy_v his_o advantage_n for_o he_o see_v the_o phalange_n open_v its_o constipation_n some_o small_a body_n of_o it_o pursue_v those_o who_o give_v ground_n and_o other_o fight_v loose_o with_o those_o of_o his_o roman_n who_o make_v stout_a opposition_n and_o therefore_o order_v some_o of_o his_o legionary_n to_o fall_v into_o those_o void_a and_o empty_a place_n of_o the_o several_a phalangarchy_n and_o these_o get_a entrance_n at_o those_o interval_n come_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o macedonian_a pike-man_n and_o so_o without_o much_o trouble_n make_v most_o of_o they_o die_v on_o the_o place_n if_o but_o a_o three_o nay_o a_o four_o or_o five_o part_n of_o this_o phalange_n have_v be_v stand_v at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n in_o reserve_n ready_a to_o have_v charge_v the_o weary_a and_o disorder_a legion_n will_v any_o man_n doubt_v but_o that_o in_o all_o humane_a probability_n perseus_n have_v be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n but_o the_o want_n of_o that_o lose_v he_o in_o the_o twinkle_n of_o a_o eye_n his_o wife_n and_o child_n his_o kingdom_n his_o riches_n which_o he_o love_v too_o well_o his_o honour_n and_o at_o last_o his_o life_n the_o defect_n then_o of_o
ill_a that_o these_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o file_n take_v no_o more_o ground_n up_o in_o front_n but_o one_o thousand_o pace_n that_o be_v five_o thousand_o foot_n a_o thing_n pure_o impossible_a for_o three_o foot_n of_o distance_n be_v allow_v by_o himself_o between_o file_n and_o file_n and_o next_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o file_n require_v sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o distance_n multiply_v sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o by_o three_o the_o product_n be_v four_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o ninety_o five_o these_o want_n but_o 5_o foot_n of_o vegetius_n his_o one_o thousand_o pace_n where_o shall_v then_o the_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o combatant_n stand_v certain_o they_o have_v sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o foot_n of_o ground_n to_o stand_v on_o add_v sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o to_o four_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o ninety_o five_o the_o aggregate_v be_v six_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sixty_o one_o foot_n a_o three_o more_o than_o vegetius_n allow_v to_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o file_n in_o imitation_n of_o he_o terduzzi_n commit_v the_o very_a same_o error_n in_o his_o five_o and_o six_o chapter_n in_o the_o next_o place_n vegetius_n allow_v six_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o rank_n the_o second_o of_o rank_n rank_n because_o man_n must_v run_v when_o they_o throw_v their_o dart_n and_o javeline_n for_o so_o they_o cast_v they_o with_o great_a ●orce_n vehementius_fw-la say_v he_o i_o think_v he_o speak_v reason_n but_o not_o at_o all_o sense_n when_o he_o aver_v that_o six_o rank_n of_o man_n have_v one_o foot_n of_o ground_n allow_v for_o every_o rank_a to_o stand_v on_o and_o six_o foot_n between_o one_o rank_n and_o another_o take_v up_o forty_o two_o foot_n of_o ground_n from_o the_o van_n to_o the_o rear_n that_o be_v as_o i_o think_v from_o the_o toe_n of_o the_o leader_n to_o the_o heel_n of_o the_o bringer_n up_o for_o by_o his_o own_o account_n and_o allowance_n six_o rank_n can_v take_v up_o no_o more_o from_o van_n to_o the_o rear_n than_o thirty_o six_o foot_n as_o thus_o six_o foot_n for_o the_o six_o rank_n to_o stand_v on_o and_o thirty_o foot_n for_o the_o five_o distance_n the_o error_n seem_v to_o have_v proceed_v from_o a_o fancy_n he_o have_v have_v that_o six_o rank_n must_v have_v six_o interval_n which_o be_v not_o only_o false_a but_o ridiculous_o childish_a in_o regard_n in_o six_o rank_n there_o be_v one_o distance_n between_o the_o first_o and_o second_o rank_n the_o second_o between_o the_o second_o rank_n and_o the_o three_o the_o three_o between_o the_o three_o and_o four_o rank_n the_o four_o between_o the_o four_o and_o five_o rank_n and_o the_o five_o distance_n between_o the_o five_o and_o six_o rank_n and_o for_o his_o first_o error_n that_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o file_n take_v no_o more_o ground_n in_o front_n than_o five_o thousand_o foot_n it_o will_v be_v a_o folly_n to_o defend_v he_o by_o ●aying_v three_o foot_n be_v but_o allow_v both_o for_o file_n to_o stand_v on_o and_o distance_n between_o they_o for_o a_o distance_n as_o lieutenant-colonel_n elt●n_n distance_n definition_n of_o a_o distance_n in_o his_o complete_a body_n of_o the_o military_a art_n discribe_v it_o well_o be_v a_o place_n or_o interval_n of_o ground_n between_o every_o particular_a file_n and_o file_n and_o rank_a and_o rank_a and_o therefore_o no_o part_n of_o that_o ground_n on_o which_o the_o file_n o●_n rank_n stand_v when_o i_o look_v upon_o these_o place_n of_o vegetius_n and_o consider_v they_o i_o can_v not_o but_o approve_v of_o lips●●s_n for_o qualify_a he_o but_o on_o another_o account_n with_o the_o title_n of_o solutus_fw-la &_o negligens_fw-la the_o same_o lipsius_n in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o commentary_n quarrel_n with_o polybius_n for_o not_o inform_v we_o what_o distance_n the_o several_a maniple_n keep_v one_o from_o another_o nor_o what_o interval_n be_v keep_v between_o the_o three_o great_a class_n and_o if_o that_o piece_n of_o polybius_n be_v not_o lose_v with_o other_o of_o his_o work_n assure_o it_o be_v a_o inexcusable_a oversight_n i_o dare_v not_o accuse_v vegetius_n of_o this_o neglect_n though_o lipsius_n seem_v to_o do_v it_o for_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o what_o he_o speak_v of_o understand_v vegetius_n 〈…〉_o to_o be_v understand_v the_o distance_n between_o rank_n as_o i_o have_v understand_v he_o it_o be_v in_o the_o fourteen_o and_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o may_v have_v mean_v interval_n between_o the_o great_a body_n for_o in_o these_o place_n he_o use_v the_o word_n ord●_n and_o acies_fw-la indifferent_o and_o though_o ordo_fw-la be_v sometime_o take_v for_o a_o rank_n sometime_o for_o a_o band_n or_o company_n yet_o acies_fw-la be_v ever_o take_v for_o a_o battle_n or_o batallion_n and_o to_o i_o it_o be_v clear_a enough_o that_o in_o the_o mentioned_a place_n he_o take_v ordo_fw-la for_o batallion_n and_o make_v six_o of_o they_o the_o first_o of_o principes_fw-la the_o second_o of_o hastati_fw-la the_o three_o forth_z and_z fifth_z of_o light_n arm_v the_o six_o of_o triarii_n now_o it_o be_v palpable_a these_o great_a body_n be_v not_o rank_n for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o consist_v of_o ten_o rank_n but_o be_v all_o several_a batallion_n whereof_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o he_o compose_v his_o legion_n but_o whether_o he_o mean_v rank_n or_o batallion_n the_o error_n i_o mention_v be_v still_o the_o same_o in_o make_v six_o several_a body_n be_v they_o rank_n file_n squadron_n or_o batallion_n to_o have_v six_o distance_n for_o they_o can_v possible_o have_v more_o than_o five_o but_o if_o in_o these_o place_n he_o allow_v but_o six_o foot_n of_o interval_n between_o these_o class_n and_o great_a body_n it_o speak_v he_o to_o have_v be_v almost_o out_o of_o his_o wit_n when_o he_o write_v it_o as_o the_o reader_n may_v collect_v from_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n but_o be_v neither_o polybius_n nor_o vegetius_n help_v we_o much_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o interval_n lipsius_n in_o his_o four_o book_n comfort_v we_o and_o tell_v we_o he_o will_v not_o suffer_v so_o profitable_a much_o lipsius_n undertake_v much_o a_o business_n as_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o interval_n to_o remain_v in_o darkness_n in_o finibus_fw-la noctis_fw-la be_v his_o word_n in_o the_o border_n of_o night_n and_o therefore_o promise_v out_o of_o the_o plentiful_a magazine_n of_o his_o own_o read_n to_o clear_v the_o whole_a matter_n to_o we_o but_o i_o be_o afraid_a he_o will_v not_o be_v a_o man_n of_o his_o word_n for_o the_o great_a undertaker_n be_v seldom_o the_o best_a performer_n however_o it_o be_v fit_a we_o hear_v he_o for_o he_o deserve_v it_o first_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o conceive_v that_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o hastati_fw-la perform●●●ttle_a but_o perform●●●ttle_a and_o the_o principes_fw-la be_v fifty_o foot_n and_o between_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o the_o triarii_n one_o hundred_o next_o concern_v the_o interval_n between_o the_o maniple_n of_o any_o of_o the_o three_o class_n which_o the_o roman_n call_v via_fw-la directa_fw-la he_o say_v if_o the_o velite_n be_v to_o stand_v in_o they_o the_o interval_n may_v be_v of_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n if_o not_o ten_o foot_n be_v enough_o this_o be_v brief_o all_o he_o say_v on_o the_o matter_n but_o assure_o if_o this_o learned_a man_n can_v convenlent_o have_v leave_v the_o university_n of_o louvaine_n and_o follow_v the_o spanish_a army_n but_o one_o summer_n or_o as_o we_o call_v it_o one_o campagne_n he_o will_v have_v see_v under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o famous_a duke_n of_o alva_n and_o parma_n the_o great_a captain_n of_o that_o age_n who_o live_v at_o the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v write_v his_o book_n how_o pitiful_o simple_a that_o school-speculation_n of_o his_o be_v i_o must_v confirm_v my_o opinion_n with_o reason_n for_o authority_n of_o writer_n i_o have_v no_o more_o than_o he_o and_o that_o be_v none_o at_o all_o each_o of_o the_o two_o class_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la consist_v of_o twelve_o hundred_o man_n which_o be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a make_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o file_n vegetius_n allow_v three_o foot_n distance_n between_o file_n these_o make_v three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o foot_n in_o front_n add_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o foot_n for_o the_o file_n to_o stand_v on_o the_o ground_n that_o either_o of_o these_o batallion_n stand_v on_o be_v four_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o foot_n in_o longitude_n but_o to_o shun_v debate_n i_o shall_v be_v content_a to_o allow_v but_o one_o foot_n for_o every_o file_n to_o stand_v on_o and_o two_o foot_n of_o interval_n between_o file_n and_o so_o the_o front_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la though_o they_o have_v be_v all_o marshal_v
shrill_a and_o continue_v without_o interruption_n it_o be_v interpret_v to_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o victory_n but_o if_o it_o be_v dead_a cold_a and_o unequal_a often_o begin_v and_o often_o interrupt_v it_o bewray_v fear_n and_o discouragement_n and_o portend_v ruin_n and_o destruction_n it_o be_v use_v by_o all_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o word_n baritus_n whereby_o historian_n express_v it_o be_v borrow_v from_o the_o ancient_a german_n who_o cry_n they_o say_v sound_v like_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o that_o word_n they_o cry_v no_o more_o after_o they_o come_v to_o the_o medley_n else_o it_o will_v have_v hinder_v they_o from_o hear_v the_o command_n of_o their_o officer_n either_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n or_o the_o trumpet_n though_o the_o loud_a noise_n of_o cannon_n and_o musket_n in_o our_o modern_a war_n may_v seem_v reason_n enough_o to_o suppress_v this_o ancient_a custom_n of_o shout_v yet_o it_o neither_o aught_o to_o be_v nor_o yet_o be_v it_o banish_v out_o of_o our_o army_n the_o german_n french_a dane_n and_o swede_n in_o their_o advance_n and_o before_o they_o give_v fire_n have_v their_o ca_fw-mi ca_fw-mi o●_n and_o no_o doubt_n with_o a_o advance_n a_o stro●t_a heat_n and_o inflame_v the_o blood_n and_o help_v to_o encourage_v the_o late_a usurper_n and_o his_o army_n make_v but_o too_o good_a use_n of_o it_o these_o thing_n be_v previous_a to_o a_o battle_n first_o the_o purple_a coat_n of_o arm_n at_o the_o consul_n pavilion_n second_o the_o exhortation_n or_o harangue_n three_o the_o marshal_n the_o army_n four_o the_o word_n or_o te●●●●a_n five_o the_o classi●●●_n and_o last_o this_o shout_n or_o baritus_n of_o the_o first_o five_o that_o be_v ordinary_o practise_v caesar_n speak_v in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o gallic_a war_n as_o necessary_a for_o when_o he_o be_v almost_o surprise_v by_o the_o nervian_o he_o write_v thus_o caesar_n say_v he_o of_o himself_o have_v all_o thing_n to_o do_v at_o once_o the_o standard_n to_o be_v set_v up_o that_o be_v the_o scarlet_a coat_n his_o army_n to_o marshal_v his_o soldier_n to_o exhort_v to_o cause_v the_o sign_n to_o be_v give_v by_o the_o trumpet_n and_o to_o give_v the_o sign_n this_o last_o sign_n signify_v the_o tessera_fw-la otherwise_o the_o word_n have_v be_v superfluous_a of_o which_o that_o great_a man_n can_v be_v tax_v as_o to_o this_o last_o sign_n which_o be_v the_o word_n the_o ancient_n find_v that_o same_o difficulty_n with_o which_o all_o army_n be_v still_o trouble_v and_o that_o be_v that_o by_o the_o often_o require_v and_o give_v it_o the_o enemy_n come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o and_o then_o it_o be_v useless_a lips●●●_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o read_v in_o p●li●●nus_n that_o one_o a●ues_v a_o arcadian_a story_n a_o pretty_a story_n captain_n be_v to_o fall_v on_o the_o lacedæmonians_n in_o the_o night_n time_n or_o as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o to_o beat_v up_o their_o quarter_n instead_o of_o a_o word_n he_o command_v his_o army_n to_o require_v no_o word_n at_o all_o but_o to_o use_v all_o those_o who_o seek_v a_o word_n as_o enemy_n so_o that_o the_o demand_v the_o tessora_n bewray_v the_o demander_n to_o be_v a_o lacedaemonian_a who_o at_o that_o time_n receive_v a_o notable_a overthrow_n the_o roman_a consul_n when_o battle_n classicum_fw-la a_o sign_n of_o battle_n he_o be_v to_o fall_v on_o cause_v the_o classicum_fw-la to_o sound_n which_o be_v second_v by_o the_o near_a and_o immediate_o by_o all_o the_o trumpet_n horn_n and_o horn-pipe_n of_o the_o army_n and_o now_o the_o battle_n begin_v concern_v which_o a_o old_a question_n be_v not_o yet_o perhaps_o decide_v whether_o it_o be_v better_a to_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n the_o charge_n a_o question_n whether_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n roman_a dictator_n cossus_n as_o levy_n have_v it_o in_o his_o six_o book_n be_v to_o join_v battle_n with_o a_o powerful_a army_n of_o the_o volscian_n command_v all_o his_o foot_n to_o stand_v still_o and_o fix_v their_o javelines_n in_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o receive_v the_o enemy_n charge_n which_o be_v violent_a put_v they_o out_o of_o breath_n and_o then_o the_o legionary_n close_v with_o they_o and_o rout_v they_o great_a pompey_n give_v the_o like_a order_n at_o pharsalia_n but_o not_o with_o the_o like_a success_n for_o he_o be_v total_o beat_v but_o machiavelli_n with_o opinion_n machiavelli_n opinion_n his_o accustom_a confidence_n to_o give_v it_o no_o worse_o name_n in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o art_n of_o war_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o give_v the_o definitive_a sentence_n and_o award_v the_o victory_n to_o he_o who_o receive_v the_o charge_n and_o say_v also_o that_o most_o captain_n choose_v rather_o to_o receive_v than_o give_v it_o yet_o he_o instance_n only_o one_o of_o the_o fabii_n who_o by_o receive_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o sanonite_n and_o gaul_n be_v victorious_a but_o we_o must_v listen_v to_o a_o great_a captain_n than_o any_o he_o have_v name_v and_o himself_o to_o boot_v and_o that_o be_v julius_n caesar_n who_o by_o give_v the_o charge_n in_o the_o thessalian_a plain_n gain_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o blame_v pompey_n for_o follow_v the_o bad_a advice_n of_o triarius_n to_o wait_v till_o caesar_n charge_v he_o his_o word_n whereby_o he_o seem_v to_o void_a this_o difference_n you_o have_v in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o civil_a war_n which_o be_v these_o in_o english_a but_o on_o the_o contrary_a say_v he_o i_o think_v this_o be_v do_v it_o caesar_n judgement_n of_o it_o by_o pompey_n without_o any_o show_n of_o reason_n mean_v his_o keep_n his_o soldier_n from_o advance_v to_o the_o charge_n because_o there_o be_v say_v he_o i_o know_v not_o what_o gallant_n vigour_n and_o natural_a inclination_n to_o courage_n bear_v in_o all_o man_n which_o captain_n ought_v rather_o to_o cherish_v stir_v up_o and_o augment_v than_o any_o way_n mollify_v or_o restrain_v thus_o far_o great_a caesar_n but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n if_o a_o army_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o a_o advantageous_a ground_n suppose_v a_o hill_n or_o fence_v with_o marish_a river_n advantage_n to_o keep_v advantage_n or_o rock_n the_o quit_n of_o which_o may_v prove_v prejudicial_a as_o the_o loss_n of_o all_o advantage_n especial_o in_o matter_n of_o war_n do_v it_o alter_v clear_o the_o case_n and_o those_o who_o have_v do_v it_o either_o in_o ancient_n or_o modern_a war_n to_o the_o irrecoverable_a loss_n of_o their_o master_n have_v much_o mistake_v caesar_n who_o never_o practise_v it_o and_o assure_o those_o who_o do_v it_o have_v need_n of_o good_a fortune_n otherwise_o they_o may_v be_v sure_a to_o be_v brand_v in_o true_a history_n with_o either_o perfidy_n or_o inexcusable_a folly_n and_o even_o in_o romance_n with_o too_o much_o generosity_n in_o the_o time_n of_o battle_n all_o both_o commander_n and_o soldier_n do_v their_o duty_n by_o punctual_o obey_v the_o command_n of_o their_o general_n though_o to_o the_o certain_a and_o inevitable_a loss_n of_o their_o life_n if_o not_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o incur_v those_o punishment_n whereof_o i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o nor_o be_v they_o oblige_v to_o obey_v the_o command_n give_v they_o before_o the_o battle_n only_o but_o all_o those_o order_n and_o sign_n that_o be_v give_v they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o battle_n these_o vegetius_n in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n call_v sign_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o three_o battle_n sign_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n sort_n vocal_a semi-vocal_a and_o dumb._n the_o vocal_a be_v the_o verbal_a command_n of_o the_o officer_n especial_o the_o consul_n and_o tribune_n the_o semi-vocal_a be_v the_o several_a sound_n of_o classicum_n trumpet_n and_o horn_n as_o march_z charge_v retire_v the_o dumb_a sign_n be_v the_o ensign_n standard_n and_o eagle_n as_o also_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o colour_n or_o a_o lance_n or_o the_o shake_n of_o a_o spear_n by_o a_o consul_n or_o general_n but_o these_o be_v agree_v on_o before_o the_o fight_n begin_v and_o be_v either_o give_v to_o the_o whole_a army_n or_o but_o to_o a_o part_n of_o it_o as_o when_o you_o see_v such_o a_o thing_n do_v than_o you_o be_v to_o do_v so_o and_o so_o these_o dumb_a sign_n will_v not_o do_v much_o good_a in_o our_o battle_n where_o the_o smoke_n of_o powder_n will_v render_v many_o of_o they_o imperceptible_a and_o now_o the_o battle_n be_v end_v and_o the_o roman_n be_v either_o victorious_a or_o have_v lose_v the_o day_n if_o the_o first_o they_o be_v to_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n to_o his_o camp_n victory_n to_o pursue_v a_o victory_n or_o clear_o out_o of_o the_o field_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o to_o follow_v he_o
first_o strict_a law_n be_v make_v for_o the_o observance_n of_o religious_a duty_n a_o submission_n religion_n for_o religion_n to_o church-discipline_n and_o a_o due_a respect_n to_o be_v give_v to_o all_o ecclesiastical_a person_n against_o atheism_n blasphemy_n perjury_n and_o the_o profanation_n of_o the_o name_n of_o god_n second_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o majesty_n and_o authority_n loyalty_n for_o loyalty_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n in_o who_o service_n the_o army_n be_v that_o nothing_o be_v do_v or_o speak_v to_o the_o disparagement_n of_o himself_o his_o government_n his_o undertake_n or_o the_o justice_n of_o any_o of_o his_o action_n under_o all_o high_a pain_n three_o for_o honour_n respect_n and_o obedience_n to_o be_v give_v to_o all_o superior_a commander_n from_o the_o high_a obedience_n for_o obedience_n to_o the_o low_a of_o they_o and_o none_o of_o their_o command_n be_v to_o be_v dispute_v much_o less_o be_v they_o themselves_o to_o be_v affront_v either_o by_o gesture_n word_n or_o action_n but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o command_n be_v not_o diametrical_o contrary_a and_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o prince_n his_o service_n but_o indeed_o such_o command_n will_v be_v so_o clear_a that_o they_o need_v no_o canvas_n otherwise_o any_o disobedience_n open_v a_o door_n to_o resistance_n that_o usher_v in_o sedition_n which_o often_o be_v support_v by_o open_a rebellion_n to_o clear_v which_o suppose_v what_o frequent_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o governor_n of_o a_o well_o fortify_v and_o a_o well_o provide_v place_n offer_v to_o deliver_v lawful_a disobedience_n to_o unlawful_a command_n lawful_a it_o up_o to_o a_o enemy_n without_o opposition_n those_o under_o he_o may_v resist_v so_o unjust_a and_o so_o base_a a_o command_n and_o they_o not_o only_o may_v but_o aught_o to_o resist_v he_o for_o the_o disobedience_n in_o such_o a_o case_n of_o the_o subaltern_a officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o excellent_a service_n do_v to_o their_o master_n and_o if_o they_o do_v it_o not_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o those_o law_n of_o war_n which_o for_o give_v over_o a_o fort_n in_o that_o fashion_n sentence_n the_o governor_n to_o a_o ignominious_a death_n the_o inferior_a commander_n to_o be_v shameful_o cashier_v and_o the_o common_a soldier_n to_o be_v disarm_v and_o make_v serve_v as_o pioner_n to_o the_o army_n which_o be_v act_n of_o great_a injustice_n if_o inferior_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v a_o blind_a obedience_n to_o all_o the_o command_v of_o their_o superior_n whatever_o they_o be_v without_o exception_n and_o such_o a_o case_n it_o be_v when_o a_o officer_n command_v those_o under_o he_o to_o desert_n their_o post_n whether_o that_o be_v in_o town_n camp_n leaguer_n or_o field_n and_o go_v over_o with_o he_o to_o the_o enemy_n if_o they_o do_v so_o and_o be_v ever_o retake_v he_o be_v punish_v for_o his_o treachery_n and_o they_o for_o their_o obedience_n to_o so_o illegal_a a_o command_n four_o article_n of_o war_n be_v make_v for_o due_a and_o strict_a keep_n of_o guard_n watch_n for_o keep_v strict_a guard_n and_o watch_n and_o watch_n and_o here_o as_o in_o many_o other_o point_n observe_v the_o severity_n of_o military_a law_n for_o he_o who_o after_o tap-too_a discharge_v any_o hand_n gun_n be_v it_o pistol_n musket_n fusee_fw-fr or_o carrabine_n unless_o against_o a_o enemy_n or_o he_o who_o sleep_v on_o his_o centinel_n or_o desert_n it_o or_o he_o who_o be_v drink_v on_o his_o watch_n be_v all_o to_o die_v these_o be_v crime_n which_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o most_o nation_n do_v not_o punish_v with_o death_n yet_o in_o the_o law_n of_o war_n this_o severity_n be_v think_v no_o more_o than_o necessary_a five_o law_n be_v make_v against_o those_o who_o stay_v behind_o or_o straggle_v in_o ordinary_a straggler_n against_o straggler_n or_o extraordinary_a march_n six_o against_o fugitive_n and_o runnaway_n either_o such_o as_o leave_v their_o colour_n runnaway_n against_o runnaway_n when_o they_o be_v in_o garrison_n or_o quarter_n and_o desert_n the_o service_n under_o any_o pretence_n without_o a_o pass_n or_o such_o as_o run_v away_o from_o their_o colour_n or_o their_o officer_n in_o the_o field_n in_o time_n of_o skirmish_n or_o battle_n or_o such_o who_o in_o storm_n and_o assault_n desert_n their_o post_n till_o either_o they_o be_v wound_v or_o have_v make_v use_n of_o their_o sword_n all_o these_o be_v liable_a to_o death_n and_o those_o who_o wound_n or_o kill_v any_o of_o they_o in_o their_o flight_n in_o their_o go_n or_o run_v away_o be_v not_o to_o be_v accountable_a for_o it_o seven_o against_o those_o who_o make_v any_o treaty_n or_o agreement_n in_o the_o field_n enemy_n against_o treaty_n with_o a_o enemy_n with_o a_o enemy_n without_o the_o command_n or_o consent_v of_o he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a and_o here_o again_o observe_v another_o case_n wherein_o inferior_n be_v to_o refuse_v obedience_n the_o military_a law_n condemn_v a_o colonel_n for_o such_o a_o treaty_n and_o every_o ten_o soldier_n of_o his_o regiment_n to_o die_v with_o he_o for_o give_v obedience_n to_o so_o unjust_a a_o command_n eight_o against_o those_o who_o surrender_v fortify_v place_n unless_o extreme_a necessity_n crime_n against_o needless_a surrender_n of_o fort_n and_o several_a other_o crime_n require_v it_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o a_o more_o proper_a place_n nine_o against_o those_o who_o mutiny_n burn_v house_n without_o the_o general_n command_n commit_v robbery_n murder_n theft_n or_o violence_n to_o those_o who_o have_v the_o general_n safeguard_n and_o against_o those_o who_o keep_v private_a correspondence_n unless_o order_v to_o do_v it_o by_o the_o general_n all_o these_o crime_n by_o most_o military_a law_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n ten_o against_o private_a combat_n or_o duel_n the_o combatant_n and_o duel_n against_o duel_n their_o second_o be_v to_o die_v and_o if_o superior_a officer_n know_v of_o the_o combat_n and_o do_v not_o hinder_v it_o they_o be_v to_o be_v cashier_v with_o ignominy_n a_o necessary_a law_n enough_o yet_o seldom_o put_v in_o execution_n eleven_o against_o those_o who_o sell_v play_v or_o pawn_v or_o change_v their_o arm_n arms._n against_o seller_n or_o pawner_n of_o arms._n either_o defensive_a or_o offensive_a whether_o he_o be_v a_o horseman_n or_o a_o foot-soldier_n he_o who_o do_v any_o of_o these_o be_v not_o only_o punishable_a but_o likewise_o he_o who_o buy_v win_v or_o take_v they_o in_o pawn_n twelve_o against_o false_a muster_n whether_o it_o be_v of_o man_n horse_n arm_n muster_n against_o false_a muster_n saddle_n or_o other_o furniture_n by_o these_o article_n not_o only_o those_o who_o make_v the_o false_a muster_n but_o all_o those_o who_o help_v to_o make_v it_o be_v punishable_a thirteen_o against_o those_o who_o detain_v the_o pay_n of_o either_o horseman_n or_o pay_n against_o those_o who_o detain_v the_o prince_n pay_n foot-soldier_n any_o officer_n guilty_a of_o this_o deserve_v to_o die_v neither_o if_o a_o officer_n have_v lend_v money_n to_o a_o soldier_n may_v he_o pay_v himself_o or_o retain_v in_o his_o hand_n what_o he_o please_v but_o must_v give_v he_o as_o much_o of_o his_o pay_n as_o can_v entertain_v he_o to_o do_v his_o master_n service_n fourteen_o against_o those_o officer_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v except_o the_o general_n pass_n against_o those_o who_o give_v pass_n who_o give_v pass_n the_o swedish_n article_n order_n a_o colonel_n who_o presume_v to_o give_v a_o pass_n to_o lose_v his_o life_n and_o to_o lose_v his_o charge_n if_o he_o permit_v any_o under_o his_o command_n to_o go_v home_o without_o the_o feltmarshals_a knowledge_n other_o abominable_a crime_n such_o as_o adultery_n incest_n sodomy_n beastiality_n crime_n great_a crime_n parricide_n be_v examine_v try_a and_o punish_v according_a to_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o be_v master_n of_o the_o army_n and_o many_o small_a fault_n smaller_n fault_n fault_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o cognizance_n discretion_n and_o arbitrement_n of_o a_o court_n of_o war._n a_o council_n of_o war_n and_o a_o court_n of_o war_n be_v common_o by_o ordinary_a war._n a_o council_n of_o war._n soldier_n confound_v as_o if_o they_o be_v one_o thing_n whereas_o they_o be_v very_o different_a the_o first_o be_v compose_v of_o those_o person_n who_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n call_v to_o consult_v with_o concern_v the_o manage_n the_o war_n and_o these_o be_v indeed_o but_o counsellor_n and_o have_v in_o most_o army_n their_o precedent_n who_o be_v nominate_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n they_o do_v but_o advise_v for_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o captain-general_n have_v a_o negative_a voice_n and_o retain_v a_o power_n to_o themselves_o to_o do_v what_o they_o please_v a_o court_n of_o war_n consist_v of_o
lancepresado_n the_o germane_a swede_n and_o dan●s_n acknowledge_v reformado_n and_o gentleman_n of_o company_n but_o reject_v the_o poor_a lancespesat_n the_o hollander_n in_o his_o militia_n acknowledge_v all_o the_o three_o and_o so_o i_o believe_v do_v the_o french_a but_o to_o our_o establishment_n at_o home_n i_o believe_v they_o be_v all_o three_o stranger_n and_o so_o most_o of_o they_o be_v in_o other_o place_n company_n of_o hundred_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o corporalship_n two_o corporal_n be_v musqueteer_n and_o one_o be_v a_o pikeman_n his_o right_a title_n be_v caporal_a corporal_n a_o caporal_n or_o corporal_n a_o italian_a word_n derive_v from_o cap●_n which_o signify_v a_o head_n this_o caporal_n be_v the_o head_n of_o his_o squadron_n and_o from_o the_o same_o word_n capo_n it_o will_v seem_v the_o service_n the_o way_n of_o a_o french_a caporal_n punish_v soldier_n by_o make_v they_o sta●d_v long_a centinel_n be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o service_n captain_n of_o a_o company_n or_o of_o a_o army_n have_v his_o denomination_n a_o caporal_a aught_o to_o be_v a_o experience_a vigilant_a and_o a_o laborious_a soldier_n he_o have_v a_o absolute_a command_n of_o his_o squadron_n neither_o may_v any_o in_o it_o disobey_v he_o if_o any_o do_v the_o caporal_n may_v beat_v he_o with_o his_o sword_n and_o commit_v he_o to_o prison_n when_o a_o musquet-rest_n be_v in_o fashion_n he_o be_v permit_v to_o beat_v with_o it_o he_o be_v to_o warn_v all_o his_o squadron_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o according_a as_o he_o receive_v order_n to_o the_o watch_n or_o to_o be_v send_v on_o party_n or_o other_o duty_n upon_o the_o watch_n the_o corporal_n have_v get_v order_n from_o his_o superior_n appoint_v when_o where_o and_o how_o long_o each_o of_o his_o man_n be_v to_o stand_v centinel_n and_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o teach_v they_o how_o they_o duty_n his_o duty_n be_v to_o behave_v themselves_o when_o they_o be_v sentinel_n and_o be_v to_o visit_v they_o frequent_o but_o if_o he_o find_v any_o one_o of_o they_o asleep_o he_o must_v not_o leave_v he_o as_o he_o find_v he_o as_o a_o athenian_a captain_n do_v who_o kill_v a_o sleep_a centinel_n but_o he_o must_v bring_v he_o to_o the_o corpse_n de_fw-fr guard_n and_o there_o make_v he_o prisoner_n till_o further_a order_n the_o caporal_n be_v to_o receive_v the_o round_n at_o his_o court_n of_o guard_n and_o take_v the_o word_n from_o they_o but_o of_o this_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o more_o in_o another_o place_n he_o be_v also_o oblige_v when_o he_o be_v not_o on_o the_o watch_n to_o teach_v all_o that_o belong_v to_o his_o squadron_n their_o posture_n and_o to_o handle_v their_o arms._n so_o you_o see_v this_o caporal_n of_o we_o have_v work_n enough_o to_o do_v for_o all_o the_o pay_n or_o wage_n he_o get_v in_o some_o place_n a_o piper_n be_v allow_v to_o each_o company_n the_o german_n have_v he_o piper_n a_o piper_n and_o i_o look_v upon_o their_o pipe_n as_o a_o warlike_a instrument_n the_o bagpipe_n be_v good_a enough_o music_n for_o they_o who_o love_v it_o but_o sure_o it_o be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o almain_n whistle_n with_o we_o any_o captain_n may_v keep_v a_o piper_n in_o his_o company_n and_o maintain_v he_o too_o for_o no_o pay_n be_v allow_v he_o perhaps_o just_a as_o much_o as_o he_o deserve_v two_o drummer_n be_v universal_o allow_v in_o every_o company_n of_o one_o hundred_o drummer_n drummer_n man_n and_o more_o as_o also_o of_o the_o caporal_n according_a as_o the_o company_n be_v strong_a they_o ought_v to_o be_v skilful_a to_o beat_v a_o gather_v a_o march_n a_o alarm_n a_o charge_n retreat_n travaille_n or_o diana_n and_o the_o taptoo_o if_o they_o can_v do_v that_o well_o and_o carry_v a_o message_n witty_o to_o a_o enemy_n they_o may_v be_v permit_v to_o be_v droll_n for_o to_o be_v graduate_v doctor_n be_v a_o thing_n not_o at_o all_o require_v at_o their_o hand_n the_o officer_n of_o a_o company_n who_o march_v not_o in_o rank_n and_o file_n be_v divide_v into_o officer_n under_n officer_n commissionated_a and_o uncommissionated_a the_o captain_n lieutenant_z and_o ensign_n be_v call_v commissionated_a officer_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v uncommissionated_a these_o be_v the_o clerk_n the_o fou●ier_n the_o furer_n and_o captain_n of_o arm_n all_o these_o four_o where_o they_o be_v make_v use_n of_o be_v call_v under-officer_n and_o the_o last_o three_o of_o they_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o sergeant_n who_o be_v also_o a_o uncommissionated_a officer_n the_o clerk_n or_o scrivener_n be_v he_o who_o keep_v the_o roll_n of_o the_o company_n receive_v clerk_n clerk_n the_o pay_n and_o give_v it_o out_o according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o captain_n to_o who_o command_n he_o be_v only_o liable_a and_o to_o who_o only_o he_o be_v accountable_a and_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o the_o lieutenant_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v so_o much_o literature_n as_o to_o read_v and_o write_v fair_a and_o to_o have_v some_o skill_n in_o arithmetic_n this_o under_o officer_n be_v allow_v in_o all_o establishment_n a_o fourier_n be_v a_o french_a word_n use_v now_o in_o most_o language_n it_o be_v he_o who_o make_v fourier_n fourier_n quarter_n for_o the_o company_n in_o town_n and_o village_n by_o billet_n and_o in_o the_o field_n by_o a_o designation_n of_o a_o plot_n of_o ground_n appoint_v for_o the_o quarter_n of_o a_o company_n he_o be_v to_o wait_v upon_o the_o regiment_n quartermaster_n and_o what_o command_v he_o receive_v from_o he_o he_o be_v to_o communicate_v they_o first_o to_o his_o captain_n and_o then_o ●ut_v they_o in_o execution_n he_o be_v quartermaster_n of_o the_o company_n and_o shall_v have_v skill_n to_o give_v to_o every_o soldier_n the_o ground_n allow_v he_o for_o his_o hut_n and_o to_o give_v to_o all_o alike_o it_o be_v his_o duty_n to_o see_v all_o the_o hut_n build_v of_o one_o length_n and_o breadth_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o uniformity_n of_o they_o all_o it_o be_v also_o his_o duty_n to_o receive_v the_o company_n proviant_a by_o the_o regiment_n quarter-master_n direction_n whether_o it_o be_v at_o the_o quarter-master_n own_o lodging_n or_o hut_n or_o at_o that_o of_o the_o proviant-master_n general_n a_o fourier_n be_v allow_v with_o the_o french_a german_n dane_n and_o swede_n but_o neither_o with_o the_o hollander_n nor_o with_o we_o at_o ho●e_n a_o captain_n of_o arm_n be_v he_o who_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o arm_n that_o they_o be_v arms._n captain_n of_o arms._n fix_v and_o bright_a i_o think_v he_o shall_v be_v a_o gunsmith_n that_o he_o may_v make_v they_o fix_v and_o bright_a he_o be_v a_o member_n necessary_a enough_o though_o not_o allow_v in_o all_o establishment_n the_o furer_n be_v he_o who_o be_v allow_v to_o help_v the_o ensign_n to_o carry_v the_o colour_n for_o which_o he_o have_v pay_v the_o german_n call_v he_o gefreut_a caporal_n which_o be_v corporal_n furer_n furer_n of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o the_o company_n for_o with_o they_o they_o be_v proper_o under_o his_o command_n and_o both_o he_o the_o captain_n of_o arm_n and_o fourier_n do_v duty_n with_o halberd_n among_o the_o german_n dane_n and_o swede_n we_o have_v no_o furer_n with_o we_o a_o sergeant_n be_v a_o french_a word_n for_o those_o who_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o justice_n to_o sergeant_n a_o sergeant_n apprehend_v and_o imprison_v man_n for_o either_o criminal_a or_o civil_a matter_n be_v call_v sergeant_n yet_o this_o word_n be_v now_o become_v universal_a for_o that_o officer_n of_o the_o company_n who_o command_v next_o the_o ensign_n in_o the_o high_a dutch_a he_o be_v call_v feltwebell_n but_o now_o the_o word_n serjeant_n have_v prevail_v over_o all_o when_o company_n be_v three_o hundred_o strong_a there_o be_v three_o sergeant_n in_o it_o now_o for_o most_o part_n all_o company_n have_v two_o it_o be_v a_o charge_n of_o very_a much_o fatigue_n for_o to_o he_o it_o belong_v duty_n his_o fatigue_n and_o duty_n to_o see_v all_o his_o captain_n command_v obey_v he_o give_v all_o the_o under-officer_n except_o the_o clerk_n their_o direction_n what_o they_o be_v to_o do_v almost_o in_o every_o particular_a and_o the_o like_a he_o do_v to_o the_o caporal_n he_o receive_v the_o watchword_n and_o all_o other_o order_n from_o the_o major_a of_o the_o regiment_n carry_v they_o to_o his_o captain_n receive_v he_o and_o deliver_v both_o to_o his_o lieutenant_n and_o ensign_n to_o his_o fellow_n sergeant_n to_o the_o caporal_n and_o when_o it_o be_v his_o turn_n watch_v with_o his_o halberd_n either_o on_o a_o post_n alone_o or_o under_o a_o commissionated_a officer_n yet_o for_o all_o this_o his_o place_n in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v not_o think_v creditable_a but_o sure_o it_o be_v not_o dishonourable_a
captain_n unless_o he_o have_v a_o company_n himself_o the_o swede_n of_o a_o long_a time_n allow_v he_o no_o company_n yet_o allow_v he_o the_o command_n over_o captain_n but_o it_o be_v now_o many_o year_n ago_o since_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o have_v company_n hence_o perhaps_o it_o be_v that_o when_o they_o have_v no_o company_n they_o may_v be_v call_v serjeant-major_n as_o when_o they_o have_v company_n the_o german_n call_v they_o captain-major_n but_o the_o english_a use_n frequent_o the_o word_n of_o sergeant_n major_n and_o serjeant-major_a general_n none_o of_o they_o be_v use_v either_o by_o german_a swede_n or_o dane_n a_o lieutenant-colonel_n be_v that_o in_o a_o regiment_n that_o a_o lieutenant_n be_v in_o a_o company_n lieutenant-colonel_n lieutenant-colonel_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o colonel_n be_v present_a the_o lieutenant-colonel_n have_v no_o command_n and_o since_o in_o the_o colonel_n absence_n the_o other_o command_v the_o regiment_n i_o think_v he_o shall_v be_v endue_v with_o all_o those_o qualification_n that_o be_v require_v to_o be_v in_o a_o colonel_n and_o what_o these_o be_v i_o shall_v tell_v you_o as_o other_o have_v tell_v i_o with_o my_o own_o sense_n of_o they_o a_o colonel_n say_v some_o shall_v be_v a_o gentleman_n of_o great_a experience_n in_o military_a colonel_n colonel_n affair_n bold_a and_o resolute_a courteous_a affable_a liberal_a judicious_a and_o religious_a but_o such_o description_n of_o military_a officer_n seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o those_o philosopher_n who_o teach_v man_n to_o conform_v their_o life_n and_o action_n to_o the_o strict_a and_o severe_a rule_n of_o moral_a virtue_n for_o my_o part_n i_o will_v not_o only_o have_v a_o colonel_n to_o be_v pious_a and_o religious_a but_o his_o whole_a regiment_n likewise_o but_o because_o this_o may_v rather_o be_v wish_v than_o expect_v i_o say_v if_o he_o be_v not_o exemplary_o pious_a he_o may_v notwithstanding_o be_v a_o colonel_n good_a enough_o so_o he_o be_v not_o a_o profess_a atheist_n i_o will_v have_v a_o colonel_n to_o be_v affable_a and_o liberal_a but_o though_o qualification_n his_o qualification_n he_o be_v both_o churlish_a and_o parsimonious_a he_o may_v be_v a_o colonel_n good_a enough_o i_o will_v have_v a_o colonel_n to_o be_v experience_v in_o most_o of_o the_o point_n of_o war_n yet_o though_o he_o be_v not_o and_o have_v see_v but_o little_a if_o he_o be_v of_o a_o ready_a wit_n and_o good_a judgement_n he_o may_v be_v a_o colonel_n good_a enough_o for_o prince_n and_o state_n when_o they_o raise_v army_n think_v it_o fit_a to_o make_v choice_n of_o colonel_n who_o can_v levy_v regiment_n for_o which_o employment_n without_o question_n man_n of_o good_a birth_n and_o quality_n be_v most_o proper_a but_o courage_n a_o aptitude_n to_o learn_v and_o proneness_n to_o follow_v advice_n be_v quality_n very_o essential_a and_o requisite_a in_o all_o man_n of_o that_o charge_n it_o be_v little_a matter_n how_o avaritious_a a_o colonel_n be_v so_o he_o offer_v not_o to_o meddle_v with_o any_o part_n of_o the_o pay_n of_o his_o regiment_n except_o his_o own_o it_o be_v the_o less_o matter_n though_o he_o be_v ignorant_a in_o some_o point_n belong_v to_o his_o command_n so_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v advise_v by_o those_o of_o his_o officer_n who_o understand_v they_o but_o those_o who_o fancy_n that_o the_o title_n of_o colonel_n entail_v a_o right_a upon_o they_o to_o command_v what_o they_o please_v and_o to_o pay_v their_o regiment_n as_o they_o like_v and_o by_o their_o wilful_a ignorance_n confound_v matter_n of_o government_n and_o discipline_n and_o introduce_v and_o frame_v custom_n in_o their_o regiment_n which_o not_o other_o use_n shall_v be_v chase_v out_o of_o all_o army_n as_o presumptuous_a arrogant_a and_o impertinent_a if_o not_o worse_o have_v speak_v now_o sufficient_o of_o all_o the_o officer_n belong_v to_o a_o company_n and_o regiment_n of_o foot_n it_o will_v be_v time_n to_o put_v the_o several_a company_n in_o one_o body_n thereby_o to_o make_v a_o regiment_n but_o i_o will_v first_o tell_v the_o captain_n that_o after_o they_o have_v for_o some_o time_n exercise_v their_o company_n and_o thereby_o know_v the_o ability_n of_o their_o several_a soldier_n they_o must_v be_v careful_a to_o put_v they_o in_o rank_n and_o file_n according_a as_o they_o find_v they_o deserve_v the_o proper_a tall_a and_o strong_a man_n they_o shall_v arm_v with_o pike_n the_o rest_n with_o musket_n next_o to_o the_o corporal_n be_v the_o most_o deserve_v shall_v be_v file-leader_n the_o next_o place_n of_o dignity_n be_v the_o file_n to_o marshal_v a_o company_n in_o rank_n and_o file_n rear_n the_o three_o be_v the_o middle_n or_o four_o rank_n the_o four_o dignity_n be_v the_o second_o rank_n as_o be_v next_o the_o van_n the_o five_o place_n of_o dignity_n be_v the_o five_o rank_n as_o that_o which_o be_v next_o the_o rear_n the_o six_o and_o last_o place_n be_v the_o three_o rank_n all_o this_o be_v mean_v where_o all_o company_n and_o batallion_n of_o foot_n be_v marshal_v six_o deep_a next_o to_o this_o the_o captain_n shall_v have_v regard_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n file_n and_o have_v draw_v up_o his_o man_n as_o he_o think_v each_o of_o they_o deserve_v he_o be_v to_o command_v his_o clerk_n to_o write_v down_o the_o name_n of_o all_o that_o be_v in_o arm_n just_a as_o they_o stand_v in_o file_n and_o thereafter_o when_o he_o draw_v out_o his_o company_n let_v he_o constant_o put_v they_o in_o battle_n according_a to_o that_o roll_n this_o be_v do_v four_o or_o five_o day_n the_o soldier_n by_o custom_n know_v their_o place_n their_o leader_n and_o their_o sideman_n will_v be_v able_a without_o the_o help_n of_o their_o officer_n to_o marshal_v themselves_o when_o all_o the_o company_n be_v to_o be_v join_v in_o one_o body_n every_o captain_n shall_v cast_v his_o odd_a man_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o it_o be_v impossible_a there_o can_v be_v above_o five_o odd_a man_n in_o one_o company_n that_o the_o major_n may_v make_v file_n and_o so_o join_v they_o to_o the_o regiment_n in_o such_o place_n as_o he_o think_v fit_v there_o be_v several_a way_n of_o draw_v up_o regiment_n of_o foot_n and_o they_o may_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o several_a opinion_n of_o man_n and_o yet_o all_o of_o they_o may_v be_v good_a enough_o but_o a_o major_n shall_v not_o marshal_v the_o regiment_n according_a to_o his_o own_o fancy_n or_o yet_o that_o of_o his_o colonel_n but_o according_a to_o the_o know_a practice_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n in_o who_o service_n he_o be_v for_o uniformity_n be_v require_v in_o military_a service_n uniformity_n in_o marshal_n regiment_n in_o one_o prince_n his_o service_n custom_n as_o much_o or_o rather_o more_o than_o in_o other_o thing_n the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o of_o his_o general_n in_o matter_n which_o depend_v on_o their_o own_o judgement_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v debate_v or_o dispute_v i_o will_v not_o trouble_v my_o reader_n with_o the_o difference_n of_o opinion_n in_o marshal_v the_o several_a company_n according_a to_o the_o precedency_n of_o those_o to_o who_o they_o belong_v whether_o these_o be_v officer_n of_o the_o field_n or_o private_a captain_n when_o they_o be_v to_o be_v join_v in_o one_o body_n but_o shall_v lay_v down_o three_o ground_n wherein_o i_o suppose_v all_o our_o modern_a commander_n agree_v these_o be_v first_o that_o the_o regiment_n shall_v be_v marshal_v in_o a_o square_a front_n the_o wedg_n rhombus_fw-la and_o ring-battel_n not_o be_v now_o make_v use_n of_o except_o for_o show_v second_o that_o the_o pikeman_n make_v the_o body_n and_o the_o musqueteer_n the_o wing_n three_o that_o the_o colonel_n company_n ought_v to_o have_v constant_o the_o right_a hand_n whether_o the_o regiment_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o one_o two_o or_o three_o division_n when_o regiment_n be_v two_o or_o three_o thousand_o strong_a it_o be_v think_v fit_a to_o marshal_v they_o in_o three_o batallion_n or_o division_n and_o these_o be_v call_v the_o colonel_n the_o lieutenant-colonel_n and_o the_o major_n division_n but_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o a_o regiment_n consist_v only_o of_o one_o thousand_o and_o compose_v of_o ten_o company_n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o how_o i_o have_v see_v such_o a_o one_o marshal_v both_o in_o one_o and_o in_o two_o division_n the_o manner_n whereof_o please_v i_o better_o than_o any_o other_o that_o i_o have_v either_o see_v or_o read_v of_o leave_v notwithstanding_o every_o man_n free_a to_o his_o own_o choice_n for_o i_o offer_v not_o to_o impose_v the_o major_n of_o the_o regiment_n have_v either_o choose_v the_o ground_n himself_o or_o get_v it_o assign_v to_o he_o by_o the_o major-general_n if_o he_o be_v to_o draw_v up_o in_o one_o division_n division_n
that_o bringer_n up_o and_o he_o that_o lead_v the_o next_o division_n and_o six_o foot_n between_o that_o leader_n and_o the_o division_n he_o lead_v this_o be_v the_o order_n of_o the_o two_o prince_n of_o orange_n maurice_n and_o henry_n but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o bringer_n up_o twelve_o foot_n will_v serve_v well_o enough_o between_o division_n nor_o be_o i_o of_o their_o opinion_n who_o will_v have_v a_o colonel_n of_o foot_n to_o begin_v his_o march_n on_o horseback_n for_o since_o he_o command_v foot_n he_o be_v bind_v at_o first_o to_o march_v on_o foot_n though_o afterward_o he_o may_v ride_v and_o i_o avouch_v too_o that_o he_o who_o lead_v body_n of_o foot_n shall_v not_o ride_v at_o all_o because_o he_o may_v very_o insensible_o make_v the_o rear_n run_v after_o he_o if_o the_o major_n lead_v the_o regiment_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o in_o his_o colonel_n horseback_n a_o major_a still_o on_o horseback_n and_o lieutenant-colonel_n absence_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v it_o in_o town_n in_o leaguer_n or_o at_o pass_n on_o foot_n because_o than_o he_o officiate_n as_o colonel_n but_o if_o any_o of_o his_o two_o superior_a commander_n be_v present_a than_o he_o shall_v be_v constant_o on_o horseback_n for_o be_v he_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o any_o one_o place_n but_o must_v be_v sometime_o in_o the_o van_n sometime_o in_o the_o battle_n sometime_o in_o the_o rear_n now_o here_o now_o there_o to_o see_v that_o every_o officer_n and_o soldier_n do_v their_o duty_n he_o shall_v never_o be_v on_o foot_n when_o the_o regiment_n march_v and_o because_o the_o captain-lieutenant_n can_v constant_o march_v on_o foot_n captain-lieutenant_n a_o captain-lieutenant_n other_o shall_v be_v ordain_v to_o assist_v he_o by_o turn_n and_o those_o other_o shall_v be_v captain_n for_o by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o arm_n the_o captain-lieutenant_n be_v young_a captain_n but_o this_o assistance_n he_o be_v to_o get_v be_v only_o in_o the_o field_n for_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v near_o to_o town_n village_n or_o quarter_n he_o be_v to_o march_v on_o the_o head_n of_o the_o regiment_n behind_o one_o of_o the_o three_o field_n officer_n and_o all_o the_o captain_n ought_v to_o go_v immediate_o to_o their_o several_a division_n it_o have_v be_v a_o custom_n of_o a_o long_a time_n and_o in_o many_o place_n to_o put_v several_a regiment_n in_o one_o body_n or_o batallion_n which_o they_o call_v a_o brigade_n there_o be_v of_o brigade_n a_o brigade_n these_o both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o the_o colonel_n who_o command_v that_o body_n be_v call_v a_o brigadeer_n it_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o define_v for_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v how_o strong_a a_o brigade_n shall_v be_v three_o thousand_o two_o thousand_o eighteen_o hundred_o or_o fifteen_o hundred_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n have_v always_o brigade_n of_o foot_n in_o their_o service_n but_o those_o be_v strong_a five_o or_o six_o thousand_o i_o have_v see_v six_o regiment_n in_o one_o brigade_n and_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o consist_v of_o so_o many_o as_o two_o thousand_o man_n that_o carry_v arm_n here_o you_o may_v suppose_v there_o be_v officer_n enough_o for_o so_o few_o soldier_n the_o colonel_n who_o be_v old_a in_o that_o service_n command_v the_o brigade_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o major_a of_o the_o brigade_n who_o receive_v the_o word_n and_o other_o order_n from_o the_o major-general_n and_o give_v they_o to_o the_o major_n of_o the_o other_o regiment_n of_o the_o brigade_n and_o they_o to_o their_o colonel_n and_o lieutenant-colonel_n and_o then_o to_o the_o sergeant_n of_o all_o the_o several_a company_n this_o major_n of_o the_o brigade_n be_v ordinary_o he_o who_o be_v major_a of_o the_o old_a regiment_n of_o that_o brigade_n when_o a_o brigade_n march_v the_o regiment_n of_o it_o have_v the_o van-day_n about_o by_o turn_n but_o so_o have_v not_o the_o company_n of_o the_o several_a regiment_n it_o seem_v something_o strange_a to_o i_o that_o a_o regiment_n of_o one_o thousand_o foot_n shall_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o several_a body_n the_o colonel_n and_o lieutenant_n colonel_n division_n and_o yet_o that_o regiment_n embody_v with_o another_o perhaps_o with_o other_o two_o and_o march_v all_o in_o one_o body_n true_o i_o shall_v think_v if_o the_o first_o be_v needful_a the_o second_o shall_v not_o be_v necessary_a it_o be_v a_o custom_n with_o some_o prince_n to_o give_v some_o of_o their_o colonel_n more_o regiment_n regiment_n colonel_n of_o two_o regiment_n than_o one_o which_o i_o have_v see_v though_o i_o confess_v i_o never_o see_v any_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o for_o if_o a_o prince_n or_o a_o state_n will_v advance_v a_o colonel_n above_o or_o beyond_o his_o fellow_n he_o may_v rather_o give_v he_o some_o high_a title_n and_o consequent_o great_a pay_n yet_o it_o be_v the_o more_o tolerable_a if_o both_o regiment_n be_v of_o foot_n or_o both_o of_o horse_n for_o than_o they_o may_v make_v up_o a_o brigade_n and_o he_o who_o be_v colonel_n of_o both_o may_v be_v brigadeer_n of_o both_o but_o i_o have_v know_v some_o of_o they_o colonel_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o sure_o they_o can_v officiate_v in_o both_o regiment_n at_o one_o time_n and_o therefore_o i_o confess_v that_o in_o one_o of_o they_o a_o lieutenant-colonel_n be_v very_o necessary_a but_o it_o must_v minister_v some_o fuel_n of_o heart-burn_n to_o many_o brave_a gentleman_n who_o have_v serve_v prince_n faithful_o to_o see_v some_o man_n provide_v with_o two_o charge_n who_o have_v do_v no_o more_o than_o themselves_o 〈◊〉_d ●●rhaps_o not_o so_o much_o when_o they_o have_v no_o charge_n at_o all_o but_o to_o he_o that_o have_v shall_v be_v give_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o french_a service_n major_n be_v command_v to_o be_v under_o captain_n the_o stress_n of_o the_o command_n of_o the_o regiment_n lie_v on_o the_o lieutenant-colonel_n chap._n xii_o of_o troop_n and_o regiment_n of_o horse_n of_o their_o officer_n and_o of_o dragoon_n those_o who_o serve_v in_o the_o war_n on_o horseback_n be_v by_o a_o general_a word_n call_v the_o cavalry_n which_o be_v now_o understand_v in_o all_o language_n though_o it_o be_v derive_v either_o from_o the_o french_a word_n chevall_fw-fr or_o the_o italian_a and_o spanish_a word_n cavallo_n both_o which_o signify_v a_o horse_n though_o the_o german_n make_v much_o use_n of_o the_o word_n cavalry_n yet_o they_o have_v one_o of_o their_o own_o as_o proper_a and_o significative_a as_o it_o be_v and_o that_o be_v reutery_n we_o have_v no_o other_o word_n for_o it_o in_o english_a but_o what_o be_v borrow_v from_o the_o french_a it_o have_v be_v in_o ancient_a time_n a_o noble_a service_n and_o still_o shall_v be_v so_o for_o as_o i_o observe_v before_o those_o who_o serve_v on_o horseback_n especial_o the_o man_n at_o arm_n or_o curiassier_n be_v all_o gentleman_n and_o most_o of_o they_o of_o a_o high_a extraction_n but_o now_o a_o promiscuous_a levy_n by_o the_o trumpet_n have_v well_o near_o abrogate_a that_o commendable_a custom_n and_o make_v man_n of_o all_o sort_n so_o they_o be_v of_o body_n fit_a for_o service_n whatever_o their_o birth_n be_v welcome_o to_o ride_v in_o troop_n when_o the_o roman_n say_v a_o man_n be_v equestris_fw-la ordinis_fw-la they_o mean_v he_o be_v a_o gentleman_n and_o when_o they_o speak_v so_o it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o he_o be_v of_o that_o rank_n or_o class_n out_o of_o which_o horseman_n be_v choose_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o infantry_n cavalry_n of_o old_a challenge_v with_o reason_n the_o precedency_n of_o the_o infantry_n war_n this_o make_v they_o with_o much_o reason_n demand_n as_o their_o due_n the_o precedency_n of_o the_o foot_n though_o still_o the_o infantry_n be_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o army_n but_o now_o that_o horseman_n be_v plebeian_n as_o well_o as_o footman_n the_o hand_n and_o the_o door_n be_v no_o more_o due_a to_o the_o one_o not_o to_o the_o other_o and_o in_o many_o place_n commander_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n who_o carry_v alike_o office_n take_v the_o precedency_n according_a to_o their_o antiquity_n of_o bear_v charge_n but_o in_o most_o court_n and_o council_n of_o war_n yet_o and_o have_v it_o yet_o by_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o prince_n the_o officer_n of_o the_o cavalry_n have_v seat_n give_v they_o before_o those_o of_o the_o infantry_n neither_o do_v the_o last_o contend_v for_o it_o it_o be_v near_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n before_o the_o roman_n have_v any_o light_a arm_a curiassier_n curiassier_n horseman_n but_o almost_o with_o all_o other_o nation_n and_o in_o all_o time_n a_o cavalry_n be_v divide_v into_o heavy_a and_o light_o arm_v and_o they_o be_v call_v so_o from_o their_o offensive_a arm_n the_o heavy_a arm_v be_v call_v curiassier_n gens_n
their_o general_n and_o such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v approve_v by_o they_o shall_v be_v practise_v the_o old_a roman_n indeed_o keep_v themselves_o morose_o to_o their_o ancient_a form_n whereby_o they_o have_v be_v exceed_o prosperous_a and_o call_v all_o new_a invention_n schematism_n but_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o follow_v they_o in_o all_o their_o opinion_n for_o i_o be_o of_o lipsius_n his_o judgement_n valde_fw-la mihi_fw-la placent_fw-la nova_fw-la &_o novitia_fw-la istae_fw-la inventiuncula_fw-la these_o little_a new_a invention_n caution_n to_o be_v practise_v with_o much_o caution_n say_v he_o please_v i_o mighty_o lieutenant-colonel_n elton_n in_o his_o complete_a body_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n have_v very_o many_o pretty_a figure_n of_o several_a body_n of_o foot_n all_o of_o they_o exceed_v delightful_a and_o fit_a for_o show_v and_o some_o of_o they_o for_o use_n provide_v officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v often_o and_o thorough_o accustom_a to_o they_o before_o they_o be_v practise_v in_o sight_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o himself_o speak_v very_o well_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o book_n and_o with_o his_o word_n i_o shall_v close_v this_o chapter_n the_o substantial_a and_o solid_a thing_n of_o war_n be_v to_o be_v precise_o regard_v without_o which_o a_o army_n though_o of_o the_o most_o valiant_a man_n will_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o great_a danger_n and_o will_v fall_v into_o a_o most_o certain_a ruin_n musqueteer_n on_o horseback_n be_v call_v dragoon_n in_o all_o language_n from_o the_o word_n dragon_n because_o when_o they_o be_v mount_v on_o horse_n and_o ride_v with_o burn_a match_n especial_o in_o the_o night_n time_n they_o resemble_v fiery_a dragon_n fly_v in_o the_o air_n but_o now_o that_o in_o some_o place_n dragooner_n musket_n be_v convert_v into_o carabine_n a_o change_n not_o to_o be_v despise_v if_o the_o carabine_n can_v send_v a_o bullet_n as_o far_o as_o a_o musket_n i_o conceive_v they_o may_v rather_o be_v call_v carabineer_n than_o dragoon_n in_o france_n the_o lieutenant_n of_o horse_n march_v now_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o captain_n or_o ritmaster_n four_o or_o five_o foot_n near_o the_o troop_n a_o innovation_n as_o many_o other_o custom_n be_v against_o which_o i_o have_v little_a to_o say_v or_o rather_o just_a nothing_o a_o appendix_n to_o the_o former_a chapter_n have_v speak_v enough_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o of_o those_o who_o be_v neither_o and_o yet_o both_o dragoon_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o speak_v a_o word_n or_o two_o to_o some_o question_n that_o be_v start_v concern_v they_o i_o shall_v propose_v they_o and_o speak_v my_o thought_n of_o they_o for_o to_o answer_v and_o solve_v they_o to_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o will_v be_v a_o undertake_n pure_o impossible_a the_o first_o question_n shall_v be_v this_o which_o of_o the_o two_o officer_n of_o equal_a quality_n both_o under_o one_o prince_n or_o state_n the_o one_o of_o horse_n the_o other_o of_o foot_n shall_v command_v in_o chief_a have_v no_o superior_a at_o that_o time_n above_o they_o suppose_v those_o who_o be_v to_o be_v command_v consist_v of_o both_o foot_n and_o horse_n the_o second_o question_n shall_v be_v whether_o a_o officer_n of_o a_o inferior_a quality_n may_v upon_o occasion_n command_v one_o of_o a_o high_a degree_n as_o whether_o a_o lieutenant_n may_v command_v a_o captain_n the_o question_n be_v subdivide_v into_o two_o as_o first_o whether_o a_o officer_n of_o horse_n of_o a_o inferior_a quality_n may_v command_v a_o officer_n of_o foot_n of_o a_o high_a degree_n and_o next_o whether_o a_o officer_n of_o a_o king_n prince_z state_n or_o general_n guard_n aught_o or_o may_v have_v the_o command_n above_o a_o officer_n of_o a_o superior_a quality_n in_o any_o other_o regiment_n of_o the_o army_n suppose_v a_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o guard_n of_o foot_n to_o command_v over_o any_o captain_n of_o another_o regiment_n of_o foot_n and_o the_o like_a of_o the_o horse_n there_o may_v fall_v out_o a_o thousand_o emergence_n and_o occasion_n for_o such_o encounter_n and_o therefore_o they_o will_v be_v obviate_v and_o provide_v for_o by_o necessary_a and_o punctual_a order_n as_o suppose_v which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a there_o be_v but_o one_o general_a person_n with_o a_o part_n of_o a_o army_n and_o in_o a_o encounter_n he_o be_v kill_v the_o colonel_n under_o he_o strive_v for_o the_o command_n in_o chief_a make_v themselves_o a_o prey_n to_o the_o enemy_n which_o fall_v out_o but_o a_o very_a few_o year_n ago_o to_o the_o dane_n when_o they_o unfortunate_o fight_v against_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n next_o suppose_v a_o strong_a party_n of_o foot_n and_o horse_n command_v by_o a_o colonel_n who_o have_v under_o he_o but_o one_o lieutenant-colonel_n and_o one_o major_n several_a ritmaster_n and_o foot-captain_n the_o three_o field-officer_n be_v kill_v the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o chief_a command_n belong_v to_o the_o elder_a ritmaster_n or_o the_o elder_a captain_n or_o to_o he_o of_o these_o two_o who_o can_v show_v the_o elder_a commission_n in_o that_o same_o service_n if_o the_o first_o of_o these_o question_n be_v well_o and_o judicious_o handle_v and_o discuss_v there_o will_v need_v but_o a_o few_o word_n to_o be_v speak_v to_o the_o rest_n the_o first_o question_n be_v which_o of_o the_o two_o officer_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n of_o equal_a quality_n shall_v have_v the_o command_n there_o be_v some_o who_o take_v a_o broad_a axe_n to_o it_o and_o by_o a_o equal_a division_n will_v satisfy_v both_o party_n and_o say_v that_o in_o the_o field_n the_o officer_n of_o horse_n and_o in_o town_n castle_n garrison_n and_o fortify_v place_n the_o officer_z of_o foot_n shall_v have_v the_o prime_a command_n this_o arbitration_n will_v seem_v to_o give_v pretty_a good_a satisfaction_n to_o peaceable_a man_n but_o the_o ambition_n of_o commander_n of_o horse_n challenge_v the_o superiority_n in_o all_o place_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v the_o officer_n of_o foot_n shall_v be_v so_o modest_a as_o to_o give_v it_o they_o in_o any_o place_n without_o the_o express_a command_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n assure_o this_o superiority_n can_v in_o reason_n be_v challenge_v by_o either_o foot_n or_o horse_n unless_o they_o conceive_v their_o employment_n be_v either_o more_o necessary_a more_o to_o be_v trust_v to_o or_o more_o honourable_a than_o the_o other_o we_o shall_v then_o get_v some_o light_n to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n when_o we_o have_v examine_v whether_o the_o cavalry_n or_o infantry_n of_o a_o army_n be_v most_o necessary_a or_o most_o trust_v to_o and_o most_o honourable_a or_o all_o three_o and_o first_o as_o to_o the_o necessity_n reason_n and_o if_o i_o have_v any_o right_a reason_n common_a sense_n will_v evince_v that_o horse_n be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a in_o the_o manage_n a_o war_n but_o as_o they_o say_v ad_fw-la bene_fw-la esse_fw-la only_o needful_a they_o be_v for_o the_o better_a manage_v the_o war_n or_o to_o say_v better_o they_o be_v useful_a and_o convenient_a but_o the_o foot_n be_v pure_o and_o absolute_o necessary_a as_o without_o which_o no_o war_n ever_o be_v nor_o no_o war_n ever_o can_v be_v manage_v consider_v that_o the_o impugnation_n and_o defence_n of_o town_n fort_n and_o castle_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o important_a and_o most_o necessary_a point_n of_o war_n or_o of_o the_o whole_a military_a art_n yet_o these_o have_v be_v may_v be_v and_o for_o most_o part_n be_v maintain_v and_o defend_v and_o assault_v and_o take_v by_o the_o foot_n only_o without_o the_o help_n of_o horseman_n and_o i_o think_v they_o be_v not_o paradoxical_a who_o say_v that_o horseman_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o be_v not_o convenient_a within_o besiege_a place_n and_o without_o at_o sieges_n as_o little_a unless_o a_o enemy_n with_o succour_n be_v expect_v and_o in_o the_o field_n a_o well_o order_v and_o courageous_a well_o arm_a batallion_n of_o foot_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o tread_v down_o by_o a_o brigade_n of_o horse_n as_o some_o man_n fancy_n and_o when_o their_o charge_n be_v stout_o stand_v out_o i_o know_v not_o what_o the_o horse_n can_v do_v but_o ride_v i_o will_v not_o say_v run_v away_o if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o practice_n of_o nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a we_o shall_v find_v all_o i_o have_v say_v support_v and_o more_o too_o and_o though_o our_o young_a gallant_n will_v be_v govern_v by_o no_o former_a custom_n yet_o i_o believe_v truth_n itself_o have_v bid_v we_o follow_v the_o good_a old_a way_n and_o therefore_o let_v we_o take_v a_o short_a view_n how_o little_a necessary_a many_o nation_n have_v think_v horseman_n to_o be_v in_o their_o
our_o first_o parent_n have_v not_o rebel_v against_o their_o creator_n their_o posterity_n have_v enjoy_v a_o everlasting_a peace_n and_o so_o such_o a_o person_n as_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o have_v be_v very_o unnecessary_a but_o i_o assure_v myself_o never_o man_n except_o adam_n when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o perfection_n be_v endue_v with_o these_o gift_n wherewith_o some_o notional_a author_n will_v have_v a_o captain_n general_n to_o be_v qualify_v he_o must_v say_v general_n a_o notional_a description_n of_o a_o captain_n general_n they_o be_v pious_a towards_o god_n just_a towards_o man_n and_o loyal_a to_o his_o master_n he_o must_v be_v very_o affable_a very_o wise_a of_o a_o sudden_a and_o quick_a apprehension_n of_o a_o solid_a judgement_n and_o happy_a memory_n he_o must_v be_v very_o severe_a in_o his_o command_n and_o yet_o very_o merciful_a he_o must_v be_v liberal_a and_o free_a from_o all_o manner_n of_o avarice_n painful_a magnanimous_a and_o courageous_a and_o in_o one_o word_n endue_v with_o all_o the_o moral_a virtue_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o old_a practitioner_n in_o the_o military_a art_n and_o well_o experiment_v in_o all_o its_o part_n and_o duty_n perhaps_o you_o may_v think_v this_o enough_o but_o polybius_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n require_v more_o for_o he_o will_v have_v his_o general_n to_o be_v both_o a_o astrologer_n and_o a_o geometer_n if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o where_o or_o in_o what_o region_n of_o the_o habitable_a world_n all_o these_o qualification_n shall_v be_v find_v in_o one_o person_n eris_n mihi_fw-la magnus_fw-la apollo_n that_o he_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o supreme_a command_n of_o royal_a army_n one_o or_o more_o and_o with_o the_o whole_a militia_n of_o a_o state_n shall_v be_v a_o accomplish_a person_n nature_n the_o charge_n of_o a_o generalissimo_n be_v of_o the_o high_a nature_n and_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a such_o a_o one_o as_o we_o have_v describe_v will_v not_o be_v ready_o deny_v since_o it_o be_v a_o command_n of_o the_o high_a nature_n the_o great_a honour_n and_o deep_a consequence_n that_o can_v be_v confer_v on_o any_o single_a person_n of_o what_o quality_n ●r_o degree_n soever_o for_o he_o be_v entrust_v not_o only_o with_o the_o life_n of_o those_o that_o be_v in_o arm_n under_o his_o command_n but_o with_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n town_n fort_n and_o castle_n with_o the_o honour_n welfare_n and_o stand_v of_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n and_o with_o the_o life_n and_o property_n of_o all_o their_o subject_n the_o loss_n of_o his_o army_n or_o army_n by_o his_o negligence_n inadvertency_n rashness_n or_o cowardice_n may_v occasion_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o these_o or_o make_v they_o run_v a_o very_a great_a hazard_n by_o his_o indiscretion_n much_o more_o by_o his_o treachery_n he_o may_v in_o one_o moment_n of_o time_n lose_v the_o life_n and_o liberty_n of_o many_o thousand_o make_v number_n of_o woman_n widow_n child_n fatherless_a and_o father_n childless_a he_o may_v lose_v the_o honour_n and_o beauty_n of_o a_o whole_a province_n yea_o of_o a_o whole_a kingdom_n all_o which_o he_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o office_n and_o charge_n to_o preserve_v the_o consideration_n of_o these_o thing_n move_v most_o of_o the_o ancient_a king_n and_o emperor_n person_n a_o prince_n to_o manage_v his_o war_n in_o person_n and_o those_o of_o latter_a time_n likewise_o to_o manage_v their_o war_n and_o lead_v their_o army_n in_o person_n those_o who_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o first_o four_o monarchy_n do_v so_o as_o in_o the_o assyrian_a nimrod_n belus_n ninus_n and_o semiramis_n and_o when_o their_o posterity_n do_v it_o not_o their_o empire_n be_v in_o the_o wain_n and_o end_v with_o sardanapalus_n who_o hide_v himself_o from_o the_o sight_n of_o man_n among_o his_o woman_n cyrus_n lead_v his_o army_n himself_o so_o do_v some_o of_o his_o successor_n but_o when_o other_o of_o they_o stay_v at_o home_n and_o send_v their_o lieutenant_n abroad_o the_o persian_a monarchy_n decay_v and_o become_v a_o prey_n to_o the_o great_a alexander_n who_o manage_v his_o war_n in_o person_n and_o so_o do_v those_o great_a captain_n of_o he_o who_o cut_v out_o kingdom_n to_o themselves_o out_o of_o their_o master_n conquest_n but_o their_o successor_n lose_v they_o by_o sit_v idle_a at_o home_n and_o employ_v their_o general_n abroad_o many_o roman_a emperor_n after_o augustus_n go_v to_o their_o war_n in_o person_n whereby_o they_o preserve_v their_o imperial_a dignity_n but_o when_o other_o employ_v their_o lieutenant_n though_o many_o of_o these_o be_v excellent_a man_n and_o often_o victorious_a the_o empire_n be_v tear_v in_o piece_n the_o king_n of_o leon_n navarr_n castille_n portugal_n and_o arragon_n after_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o gothish_a monarchy_n in_o spain_n go_v to_o the_o field_n in_o person_n and_o recover_v it_o many_o instance_n to_o prove_v it_o those_o kingdom_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o saracen_n when_o the_o king_n of_o france_n of_o the_o merovingian_n and_o carolomannian_a race_n keep_v within_o their_o palace_n and_o suffer_v the_o major_n thereof_o to_o govern_v their_o army_n they_o lose_v their_o kingdom_n and_o crown_n our_o king_n of_o scotland_n and_o england_n use_v most_o to_o manage_v their_o war_n themselves_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o lead_v his_o great_a army_n himself_o and_o for_o most_o part_n be_v always_o victorious_a for_o his_o loss_n at_o algiers_n occasion_v by_o the_o visible_a hand_n of_o heaven_n and_o his_o force_a retreat_n from_o inspruck_a and_o the_o siege_n of_o metz_n be_v but_o small_a blemish_n in_o the_o beautiful_a and_o fair_a map_n of_o his_o victorious_a reign_n but_o since_o his_o time_n his_o successor_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v sit_v at_o home_n and_o entrust_v their_o army_n to_o their_o general_n and_o we_o see_v that_o their_o wide_a and_o far_o stretch_v monarchy_n have_v be_v since_o that_o emperor_n time_n in_o a_o constant_a decadency_n all_o the_o king_n and_o emperor_n of_o the_o ottoman_a race_n go_v in_o person_n to_o the_o war_n till_o selimus_n the_o second_o change_v that_o custom_n and_o since_o that_o time_n none_o of_o they_o have_v do_v action_n by_o their_o bassa_n comparable_a to_o those_o of_o their_o ancestor_n in_o our_o own_o day_n the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o second_o entrust_v the_o manage_n his_o war_n against_o gustavus_n adolphus_n to_o his_o general_n wallenstein_n ty_o and_o pappenheim_n all_o brave_a and_o great_a captain_n yet_o that_o martial_a king_n be_v in_o person_n on_o the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n prevail_v over_o they_o all_o we_o may_v perceive_v the_o great_a odds_o of_o manage_v a_o war_n by_o a_o prince_n in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o by_o his_o captain_n general_n by_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o action_n of_o two_o brother_n both_o of_o they_o excellent_a prince_n these_o be_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o compare_v action_n of_o two_o brother_n compare_v five_o of_o who_o i_o but_o just_a now_o speak_v and_o ferdinand_n the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n hungaria_n and_o bohemia_n the_o first_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v lead_v his_o most_o considerable_a army_n himself_o the_o second_o stay_v constant_o at_o home_n and_o send_v his_o captain_n general_n to_o manage_v his_o war_n of_o great_a importance_n mark_v the_o issue_n ferdinand_n lose_v three_o royal_a army_n each_o of_o they_o compose_v of_o a_o well_o appoint_v cavalry_n infantry_n and_o train_n of_o artillery_n one_o of_o they_o at_o es●c●hi●_n under_o cazzianer_n another_o at_o buda_n under_o rocandolf_n and_o the_o three_o at_o pesth_n under_o joachi●●_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n all_o three_o be_v woeful_o and_o shameful_o lose_v without_o fight_v and_o if_o any_o think_v that_o the_o misfortune_n of_o all_o the_o three_o or_o any_o one_o of_o they_o can_v not_o have_v be_v prevent_v by_o the_o prince_n own_o presence_n i_o shall_v answer_v that_o undoubted_o it_o have_v and_o my_o reason_n be_v this_o because_o that_o which_o lose_v they_o all_o be_v the_o irresolution_n of_o the_o general_n who_o dare_v neither_o fight_n nor_o retire_v in_o time_n as_o be_v rich_a and_o wary_a to_o hazard_v that_o which_o be_v not_o their_o ow●●_n whereas_o ferdinand_n if_o he_o have_v be_v present_a will_v quick_o have_v resolve_v either_o on_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o and_o consequent_o will_v have_v either_o retire_v in_o time_n and_o save_v all_o his_o three_o army_n or_o have_v fight_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v be_v victorious_a or_o will_v have_v be_v beat_v with_o more_o glory_n to_o himself_o and_o mischief_n to_o his_o insolent_a enemy_n and_o this_o be_v more_o particular_o clear_a in_o that_o army_n command_v by_o rocandolf_n who_o after_o multitude_n of_o infidel_n be_v already_o arrive_v
place_n of_o the_o depth_n that_o every_o prince_n appoint_v for_o his_o foot_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o great_a gustavus_n adolphus_n for_o any_o thing_n i_o can_v ever_o learn_v foot-company_n be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a almost_o universal_o but_o he_o marshal_v deep_a ten_o deep_a all_o his_o infantry_n in_o six_o rank_n and_o after_o he_o have_v invade_v germany_n the_o emperor_n with_o most_o of_o the_o european_a king_n and_o prince_n keep_v their_o foot_n still_o at_o ten_o deep_a but_o before_o the_o end_n of_o that_o war_n which_o he_o begin_v all_o of_o they_o follow_v his_o way_n and_o make_v the_o file_n of_o their_o foot_n to_o consist_v of_o six_o man_n except_o the_o prince_n of_o deep_a six_o deep_a orange_n who_o still_o keep_v ten_o in_o file_n i_o shall_v except_v likewise_o the_o earl_n of_o strafford_n who_o in_o his_o instruction_n for_o the_o better_a discipline_n of_o his_o army_n order_v every_o deep_a eight_o deep_a captain_n of_o foot_n to_o draw_v up_o his_o company_n eight_o deep_a in_o a_o business_n of_o this_o nature_n where_o there_o be_v difference_n a_o man_n may_v tell_v his_o opinion_n without_o affectation_n of_o singularity_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v i_o that_o the_o more_o hand_n a_o captain_n can_v bring_v to_o fight_v the_o more_o shrewd_o deep_a reason_n for_o six_o deep_a he_o will_v put_v his_o enemy_n to_o it_o provide_v still_o his_o batallion_n be_v of_o that_o strength_n as_o to_o receive_v the_o shock_n of_o a_o resolute_a impression_n and_o in_o case_n of_o the_o worst_a that_o he_o have_v reserve_v to_o come_v to_o his_o rescue_n of_o reserve_v i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o now_o i_o be_o hopeful_a it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v i_o but_o that_o more_o hand_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_v by_o eight_o man_n in_o a_o file_n than_o by_o ten_o and_o more_o by_o six_o man_n in_o a_o file_n than_o by_o eight_o take_v a_o second_o argument_n the_o more_o able_a you_o be_v to_o save_v yourself_o from_o be_v surround_v or_o out-winged_a by_o a_o enemy_n or_o the_o more_o able_a you_o make_v yourself_o to_o surround_v and_o out-wing_n that_o enemy_n of_o you_o the_o great_a advantage_n you_o have_v over_o he_o both_o these_o be_v do_v by_o a_o large_a front_n now_o it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o eight_o in_o file_n enlarge_v the_o front_n more_o than_o ten_o and_o six_o more_o than_o eight_o and_o consequent_o eight_o deep_a contribute_v more_o than_o ten_o and_o six_o more_o than_o eight_o for_o gain_v the_o victory_n that_o more_o hand_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_n be_v very_o soon_o instance_a first_o by_o a_o body_n deep_a the_o great_a advantage_n 1500_o musqueteer_n six_o deep_a have_v of_o 1500_o musqueteer_n ten_o deep_a of_o musqueteer_n and_o next_o by_o a_o body_n of_o pikeman_n let_v we_o suppose_v a_o body_n of_o fifteen_o hundred_o musqueteer_n marshal_v ten_o deep_a be_v to_o fight_v with_o a_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n of_o equal_a number_n that_o be_v fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a and_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o stout_a and_o experience_a and_o equal_o good_a firemen_n the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a must_v give_v fire_n by_o rank_n as_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a must_v likewise_o do_v now_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a can_v make_v no_o more_o but_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o in_o rank_n for_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o multiply_v by_o ten_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o but_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a make_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o in_o rank_n for_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o multiply_v by_o six_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o so_o that_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a at_o every_o volley_n pour_v one_o hundred_o leaden_a bullet_n more_o in_o the_o enemy_n bosom_n than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a and_o consequent_o when_o six_o rank_n of_o both_o party_n have_v fire_v the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a have_v receive_v six_o hundred_o ball_n more_o than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a which_o without_o all_o doubt_n have_v make_v a_o great_a many_o man_n fall_v more_o of_o the_o one_o side_n than_o the_o other_o next_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a take_v just_a as_o much_o ground_n up_o in_o front_n as_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a and_o therefore_o the_o other_o hundred_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a may_v fall_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a if_o they_o be_v not_o flank_v either_o with_o pike_n or_o with_o horseman_n it_o be_v the_o like_a case_n mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la between_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a and_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a for_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a will_v make_v but_o a_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o eight_o in_o rank_n for_o a_o hundred_o eighty_o eight_o multiply_v by_o eight_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o and_o four_o now_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a make_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o rank_n and_o so_o shoot_v at_o every_o volley_n sixty_o two_o bullet_n more_o than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a make_v the_o like_a trial_n of_o two_o batallion_n of_o pike_n each_o of_o they_o fifteen_o hundred_o have_v the_o same_o advantage_n pikeman_n also_o have_v strong_a equal_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a and_o their_o pike_n of_o equal_a length_n the_o hundred_o file_n wherewith_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a outwing_n the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a will_v likewise_o enter_v on_o their_o side_n and_o very_o soon_o ruin_v they_o if_o they_o be_v not_o flank_v by_o their_o friend_n and_o though_o they_o be_v yet_o these_o hundred_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o pikeman_n six_o deep_a be_v otherwise_o idle_a may_v happy_o give_v their_o flank_n some_o work_n to_o do_v nor_o have_v the_o fifteen_o hundred_o pikeman_n ten_o deep_a any_o advantage_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a in_o the_o force_n of_o the_o impression_n for_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o one_o of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a militia_n that_o six_o rank_n of_o pikeman_n may_v either_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n abundant_o and_o therefore_o where_o pikeman_n be_v ten_o deep_a at_o their_o charge_n the_o last_o four_o rank_n shall_v keep_v their_o pike_n port_a because_o the_o present_v the_o point_n of_o they_o be_v altogether_o useless_a neither_o be_v it_o the_o apprehension_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o his_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n draw_v up_o six_o deep_a that_o make_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n make_v use_n of_o his_o feather_n to_o defend_v his_o musqueteer_n against_o the_o polonian_a horse_n for_o these_o feather_n may_v serve_v a_o body_n of_o firemen_n draw_v up_o ten_o deep_a as_o well_o as_o a_o body_n of_o firemen_n draw_v up_o six_o deep_a neither_o indeed_o be_v it_o the_o deepness_n of_o a_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n that_o can_v resist_v a_o resolute_a charge_n of_o horse_n it_o must_v be_v pike_n halberd_n or_o these_o feather_n or_o something_o like_o they_o nor_o do_v i_o think_v after_o the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n that_o ten_o deep_a be_v think_v fit_a for_o foot_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o some_o fancy_n for_o i_o have_v show_v in_o another_o deep_a reason_n for_o ten_o deep_a place_n that_o vegetius_n who_o be_v look_v on_o by_o many_o as_o the_o oracle_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n do_v make_v the_o roman_a file_n to_o consist_v of_o eleven_o man_n but_o i_o think_v it_o be_v out_o of_o this_o consideration_n that_o after_o the_o first_o rank_n have_v fire_v their_o gun_n they_o can_v not_o be_v ready_a to_o fire_n again_o till_o the_o other_o nine_o rank_n have_v all_o fire_v and_o withal_o a_o musket_n rest_n be_v take_v to_o help_v with_o so_o much_o wariness_n do_v our_o ancestor_n walk_v when_o first_o they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o new_a find_v engine_n of_o fire_n we_o read_v of_o a_o count_n of_o va●d●mont_n who_o within_o thirty_o year_n after_o the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n make_v use_v of_o two_o culverines_n in_o his_o war_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o bar_n and_o by_o their_o help_n defeat_v his_o enemy_n but_o at_o every_o time_n the_o piece_n be_v discharge_v the_o count_n himself_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n for_o fear_n but_o as_o great_a c●sar_n say_v usus_fw-la est_fw-la rerum_fw-la magister_fw-la use_v and_o custom_n overmaster_v thing_n and_o therefore_o the_o cannon_n be_v not_o now_o so_o dreadful_a as_o it_o be_v nor_o be_v the_o musket_n so_o unmanageable_a as_o it_o be_v think_v daily_a experience_n let_v we_o see_v that_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o six_o can_v fire_v make_v deep_a for_o fine_a deep_a ready_a and_o stay_v for_o the_o word_n of_o command_n before_o the_o other_o five_o